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Norouzi Darabad M, Singha S, Vanapalli SA, Vaughn MW, Blawzdziewicz J. Capillary imbibition of confined monodisperse emulsions in microfluidic channels. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4337-4357. [PMID: 38639811 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
We study imbibition of a monodisperse emulsion into high-aspect ratio microfluidic channels with the height h comparable to the droplet diameter d. Two distinct regimes are identified in the imbibition dynamics. In a strongly confined system (the confinement ratio d/h = 1.2 in our experiments), the droplets are flattened between the channel walls and move more slowly compared to the average suspension velocity. As a result, a droplet-free region forms behind the meniscus (separated from the suspension region by a sharp concentration front) and the suspension exhibits strong droplet-density and velocity fluctuations. In a weaker confinement, d/h = 0.65, approximately spherical droplets move faster than the average suspension flow, causing development of a dynamically unstable high-concentration region near the meniscus. This instability results in the formation of dense droplet clusters, which migrate downstream relative to the average suspension flow, thus affecting the entire suspension dynamics. We explain the observed phenomena using linear transport equations for the particle-phase and suspension fluxes driven by the local pressure gradient. We also use a dipolar particle interaction model to numerically simulate the imbibition dynamics. The observed large velocity fluctuations in strongly confined systems are elucidated in terms of migration of self-assembled particle chains with highly anisotropic mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Norouzi Darabad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 43121, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Sagnik Singha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Siva A Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 43121, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Mark W Vaughn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 43121, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41021, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Box 41051, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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2
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Ge T, Hu W, Zhang Z, He X, Wang L, Han X, Dai Z. Open and closed microfluidics for biosensing. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101048. [PMID: 38633866 PMCID: PMC11022104 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosensing is vital for many areas like disease diagnosis, infectious disease prevention, and point-of-care monitoring. Microfluidics has been evidenced to be a powerful tool for biosensing via integrating biological detection processes into a palm-size chip. Based on the chip structure, microfluidics has two subdivision types: open microfluidics and closed microfluidics, whose operation methods would be diverse. In this review, we summarize fundamentals, liquid control methods, and applications of open and closed microfluidics separately, point out the bottlenecks, and propose potential directions of microfluidics-based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, PR China
| | - Wenxu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, PR China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, PR China
| | - Xuexue He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, PR China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xing Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, PR China
| | - Zong Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, PR China
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3
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Mortelmans T, Marty B, Kazazis D, Padeste C, Li X, Ekinci Y. Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Capillary Device for Rapid and Multiplexed Immunoassays in Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2455-2464. [PMID: 38687557 PMCID: PMC11129352 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate whole blood immunoassays using a microfluidic device optimized for conducting rapid and multiplexed fluorescence-linked immunoassays. The device is capable of handling whole blood samples without any preparatory treatment. The three-dimensional channels in poly(methyl methacrylate) are designed to passively load bodily fluids and, due to their linearly tapered profile, facilitate size-dependent immobilization of biofunctionalized particles. The channel geometry is optimized to allow for the unimpeded flow of cellular constituents such as red blood cells (RBCs). Additionally, to make the device easier to operate, the biofunctionalized particles are pretrapped in a first step, and the channel is dried under vacuum, after which it can be loaded with the biological sample. This novel approach and design eliminated the need for traditionally laborious steps such as filtering, incubation, and washing steps, thereby substantially simplifying the immunoassay procedures. Moreover, by leveraging the shallow device dimensions, we show that sample loading to read-out is possible within 5 min. Our results also show that the presence of RBCs does not compromise the sensitivity of the assays when compared to those performed in a pure buffer solution. This highlights the practical adaptability of the device for simple and rapid whole-blood assays. Lastly, we demonstrate the device's multiplexing capability by pretrapping particles of different sizes, each functionalized with a different antigen, thus enabling the performance of multiplexed on-chip whole-blood immunoassays, showcasing the device's versatility and effectiveness toward low-cost, simple, and multiplexed sensing of biomarkers and pathogens directly in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mortelmans
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Balz Marty
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Kazazis
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Celestino Padeste
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xiaodan Li
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Yasin Ekinci
- Laboratory for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Pradela Filho LA, Paixão TRLC, Nordin GP, Woolley AT. Leveraging the third dimension in microfluidic devices using 3D printing: no longer just scratching the surface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2031-2037. [PMID: 37470814 PMCID: PMC10799186 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
3D printers utilize cutting-edge technologies to create three-dimensional objects and are attractive tools for engineering compact microfluidic platforms with complex architectures for chemical and biochemical analyses. 3D printing's popularity is associated with the freedom of creating intricate designs using inexpensive instrumentation, and these tools can produce miniaturized platforms in minutes, facilitating fabrication scaleup. This work discusses key challenges in producing three-dimensional microfluidic structures using currently available 3D printers, addressing considerations about printer capabilities and software limitations encountered in the design and processing of new architectures. This article further communicates the benefits of using three-dimensional structures, including the ability to scalably produce miniaturized analytical systems and the possibility of combining them with multiple processes, such as mixing, pumping, pre-concentration, and detection. Besides increasing analytical applicability, such three-dimensional architectures are important in the eventual design of commercial devices since they can decrease user interferences and reduce the volume of reagents or samples required, making assays more reliable and rapid. Moreover, this manuscript provides insights into research directions involving 3D-printed microfluidic devices. Finally, this work offers an outlook for future developments to provide and take advantage of 3D microfluidic functionality in 3D printing. Graphical abstract Creating three-dimensional microfluidic structures using 3D printing will enable key advances and novel applications in (bio)chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro A Pradela Filho
- Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Gregory P Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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5
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Zhao P, Yan L, Gao X. Magnetic Liquid Metal Droplet Robot with Multifunction and High Output Force in Milli-Newton. Soft Robot 2023; 10:1146-1158. [PMID: 37327366 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2022.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetically actuated miniature robots have immeasurable potential in lab-on-a-chip and biomedical due to their ability to navigate in constrained space. However, current soft robots made by elastomers have limited functionalities and are prevented from very narrow environments such as channel much smaller than their size because of their non- or limited deformability. In this study, a soft and multifunctional robot based on liquid metal (magnetic liquid-metal droplet robot [MLDR]) with high output force is reported. It is fabricated by engulfing iron particles into a Galinstan droplet. By changing the shape and motion of permanent magnets, the MLDR can be reshaped and moved. The MLDR can also be split in batches and merged efficiently. It shows good softness and flexibility when navigating freely in a narrow channel, and thus can pass through a confined space smaller than its size easily. Furthermore, the MLDR can also push and spread the accumulated liquid in a desired path, and manipulate the motions of small objects well. Benefiting from the solidification-like phenomenon, an MLDR can output milli-Newton-level force much higher than the output force of ferrofluid droplet robots in micro-Newton level. The demonstrated capabilities of the MLDR are promising for the applications in lab-on-a-chip or biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhao
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yan
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo, China
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Science and Technology on Aircraft Control Laboratory, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Gao
- School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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6
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Huang S, Wu J, Zheng L, Long Y, Chen J, Li J, Dai B, Lin F, Zhuang S, Zhang D. 3D free-assembly modular microfluidics inspired by movable type printing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:111. [PMID: 37705925 PMCID: PMC10495351 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable modular microfluidics presents an opportunity for flexibly constructing prototypes of advanced microfluidic systems. Nevertheless, the strategy of directly integrating modules cannot easily fulfill the requirements of common applications, e.g., the incorporation of materials with biochemical compatibility and optical transparency and the execution of small batch production of disposable chips for laboratory trials and initial tests. Here, we propose a manufacturing scheme inspired by the movable type printing technique to realize 3D free-assembly modular microfluidics. Double-layer 3D microfluidic structures can be produced by replicating the assembled molds. A library of modularized molds is presented for flow control, droplet generation and manipulation and cell trapping and coculture. In addition, a variety of modularized attachments, including valves, light sources and microscopic cameras, have been developed with the capability to be mounted onto chips on demand. Microfluidic systems, including those for concentration gradient generation, droplet-based microfluidics, cell trapping and drug screening, are demonstrated. This scheme enables rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems and construction of on-chip research platforms, with the intent of achieving high efficiency of proof-of-concept tests and small batch manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Yan Long
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Junyi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Jianlang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Bo Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
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Qiu H, Qu X, Zhang Y, Chen S, Shen Y. Robust PANI@MXene/GQDs-Based Fiber Fabric Electrodes via Microfluidic Wet-Fusing Spinning Chemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302326. [PMID: 37354134 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal titanium carbide (Ti3 C2 Tx ) as a promising candidate material for batteries and supercapacitors has shown excellent electrochemical performance, but it is difficult to meet practical applications because of its poor morphology structure, low mechanical properties, and expensive process. Here, an applied and efficient method based on microfluidic wet-fusing spinning chemistry (MWSC) is proposed to construct hierarchical structure of MXene-based fiber fabrics (MFFs), allowing the availability of MFF electrodes with ultrastrong toughness, high conductivity, and easily machinable properties. First, a dot-sheet structure constructed by graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and MXene nanosheets with multianchor interaction in the microchannel of a microfluidic device enhances the mechanical strength of MXene fibers; next, the interfused fiber network structure of Ti3 C2 Tx /GQDs fabrics assembled by the MWSC process enhances the deformability of the whole fabrics; finally, the core-shell structure of PANI@Ti3 C2 Tx /GQDs architected by in-situ polymerization growth of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers provides more ion-accessible pathways and sites for kinetic migration and ion accumulation. Through the morphology and microstructure design, this strategy has directive significance to the large-scale preparation of conductive fabric electrodes and provides a viable solution for simultaneously enhancing mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of conductive fabric electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yizhong Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
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8
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Qian C, Wan C, Li S, Xiao Y, Yuan H, Gao S, Wu L, Zhou M, Feng X, Li Y, Chen P, Liu BF. On-Line Dual-Active Valves Based Centrifugal Microfluidic Chip for Fully Automated Point-of-Care Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12521-12531. [PMID: 37556853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need for a fully integrated microfluidic platform that can automatically perform multistep and multireagent immunoassays. Here, we proposed a novel online dual-active valve-based centrifugal microfluidic chip, termed DAVM, for fully automatic point-of-care immunoassay. Practically, the puncture valve, one of the dual active valves, is capable of achieving precise, on-demand, sequential release of prestored reagents, while the other valve-reversible active valve enables controlled retention and drainage of the reaction solutions. Thereby, our technology mitigates the challenges of hydrophilic/hydrophobic modifications and unstable valve control performance commonly observed in passive valve controls. As a proof of concept, the indirect enzymatic immunoblotting technique was employed on DAVM for fully automated immunological analysis of eight targets, yielding outcomes within an hour. Furthermore, we conducted a comparative analysis of 28 clinical samples with autoimmune diseases. According to 224 clinical data, the sample testing concordance rate between DAVM and the traditional instrument was 82%, with a target compliance rate of 97%. Therefore, our DAVM system has powerful potential for fully automated immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungen Qian
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Wan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shunji Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengfan Zhou
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peng Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Guo M, Deng Y, Huang J, Huang Y, Deng J, Wu H. Fabrication and Validation of a 3D Portable PEGDA Microfluidic Chip for Visual Colorimetric Detection of Captured Breast Cancer Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3183. [PMID: 37571077 PMCID: PMC10421435 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To guide therapeutic strategies and to monitor the state changes in the disease, a low-cost, portable, and easily fabricated microfluidic-chip-integrated three-dimensional (3D) microchamber was designed for capturing and analyzing breast cancer cells. Optimally, a colorimetric sensor array was integrated into a microfluidic chip to discriminate the metabolites of the cells. The ultraviolet polymerization characteristic of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel was utilized to rapidly fabricate a three-layer hydrogel microfluidic chip with the designed structure under noninvasive 365 nm laser irradiation. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was added to the prepolymer in order to increase the adhesive capacity of the microchip's surface for capturing cells. 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) was designed to improve the toughness and reduce the swelling capacity of the hydrogel composite. A non-toxic 3D hydrogel microarray chip (60 mm × 20 mm × 3 mm) with low immunogenicity and high hydrophilicity was created to simulate the real physiological microenvironment of breast tissue. The crisscross channels were designed to ensure homogeneous seeding density. This hydrogel material displayed excellent biocompatibility and tunable physical properties compared with traditional microfluidic chip materials and can be directly processed to obtain the most desirable microstructure. The feasibility of using a PEGDA hydrogel microfluidic chip for the real-time online detection of breast cancer cells' metabolism was confirmed using a specifically designed colorimetric sensor array with 16 kinds of porphyrin, porphyrin derivatives, and indicator dyes. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA), the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) suggest that the metabolic liquids of different breast cells can be easily distinguished with the developed PEGDA hydrogel microfluidic chip. The PEGDA hydrogel microfluidic chip has potential practicable applicability in distinguishing normal and cancerous breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (M.G.)
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yan Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (M.G.)
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Junqiu Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 644005, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (M.G.)
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (M.G.)
| | - Huachang Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China; (M.G.)
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10
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Boulais E, Gervais T. The 2D microfluidics cookbook - modeling convection and diffusion in plane flow devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1967-1980. [PMID: 36884010 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of microfluidic systems operate not through networks of microchannels but instead through using 2D flow fields. While the design rules for channel networks are already well-known and exposed in microfluidics textbooks, the knowledge underlying transport in 2D microfluidics remains scattered piecemeal and is not easily accessible to experimentalists and engineers. In this tutorial review, we formulate a unified framework for understanding, analyzing and designing 2D microfluidic technologies. We first show how a large number of seemingly different devices can all be modelled using the same concepts, namely flow and diffusion in a Hele-Shaw cell. We then expose a handful of mathematical tools, accessible to any engineer with undergraduate level mathematics knowledge, namely potential flow, superposition of charges, conformal transforms and basic convection-diffusion. We show how these tools can be combined to obtain a simple "recipe" that models almost any imaginable 2D microfluidic system. We end by pointing to more advanced topics beyond 2D microfluidics, namely interface problems and flow and diffusion in the third dimension. This forms the basis of a complete theory allowing for the design and operation of new microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Boulais
- Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM) and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Canada
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11
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Li Y, Li X, Zhang L, Luan X, Jiang J, Zhang L, Li M, Wang J, Duan J, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Huang C. From the teapot effect to tap-triggered self-wetting: a 3D self-driving sieve for whole blood filtration. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:30. [PMID: 36960347 PMCID: PMC10027851 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Achieving passive microparticle filtration with micropore membranes is challenging due to the capillary pinning effect of the membranes. Inspired by the teapot effect that occurs when liquid (tea) is poured from a teapot spout, we proposed a tap-triggered self-wetting strategy and utilized the method with a 3D sieve to filter rare cells. First, a 3D-printed polymer tap-trigger microstructure was implemented. As a result, the 3 µm micropore membrane gating threshold (the pressure needed to open the micropores) was lowered from above 3000 to 80 Pa by the tap-trigger microstructure that facilated the liquid leakage and spreading to self-wet more membrane area in a positive feedback loop. Then, we implemented a 3D cone-shaped cell sieve with tap-trigger microstructures. Driven by gravity, the sieve performed at a high throughput above 20 mL/min (DPBS), while the micropore size and porosity were 3 µm and 14.1%, respectively. We further filtered leukocytes from whole blood samples with the proposed new 3D sieve, and the method was compared with the traditional method of leukocyte isolation by chemically removing red blood cells. The device exhibited comparable leukocyte purity but a higher platelet removal rate and lower leukocyte simulation level, facilitating downstream single-cell analysis. The key results indicated that the tap-triggered self-wetting strategy could significantly improve the performance of passive microparticle filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuang Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University / Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149 China
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Lingqian Zhang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Mingxiao Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University / Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149 China
| | - Jiangang Duan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Chengjun Huang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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12
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Parandakh A, Ymbern O, Jogia W, Renault J, Ng A, Juncker D. 3D-printed capillaric ELISA-on-a-chip with aliquoting. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1547-1560. [PMID: 36723136 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00878e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sandwich immunoassays such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been miniaturized and performed in a lab-on-a-chip format, but the execution of the multiple assay steps typically requires a computer or complex peripherals. Recently, an ELISA for detecting antibodies was encoded structurally in a chip thanks to the microfluidic chain reaction (Yafia et al. Nature, 2022, 605, 464-469), but the need for precise pipetting and intolerance to commonly used surfactant concentrations limit the potential for broader adoption. Here, we introduce the ELISA-on-a-chip with aliquoting functionality that simplifies chip loading and pipetting, accommodates higher surfactant concentrations, includes barrier channels that delay the contact between solutions and prevent undesired mixing, and that executed a quantitative, high-sensitivity assay for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in 4×-diluted saliva. Upon loading the chip using disposable pipettes, capillary flow draws each reagent and the sample into a separate volumetric measuring reservoir for detection antibody (70 μL), enzyme conjugate (50 μL), substrate (80 μL), and sample (210 μL), and splits washing buffer into 4 different reservoirs of 40, 40, 60, and 20 μL. The excess volume is autonomously drained via a structurally encoded capillaric aliquoting circuit, creating aliquots with an accuracy of >93%. Next, the user click-connects the assay module, comprising a nitrocellulose membrane with immobilized capture antibodies and a capillary pump, to the chip which triggers the step-by-step, timed flow of all aliquoted solutions to complete the assay in 1.5 h. A colored precipitate forming a line on a nitrocellulose strip serves as an assay readout, and upon digitization, yielded a binding curve with a limit of detection of 54 and 91 pg mL-1 for buffer and diluted saliva respectively, vastly outperforming rapid tests. The ELISA chip is 3D-printed, modular, adaptable to other targets and assays, and could be used to automate ELISA in the lab; or as a diagnostic test at the point of care with the convenience and form factor of rapid tests while preserving the protocol and performance of central laboratory ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Parandakh
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Oriol Ymbern
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William Jogia
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johan Renault
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andy Ng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 740 Dr. Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Pei Z, Chen S, Ding L, Liu J, Cui X, Li F, Qiu F. Current perspectives and trend of nanomedicine in cancer: A review and bibliometric analysis. J Control Release 2022; 352:211-241. [PMID: 36270513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The limitations of traditional cancer treatments are driving the creation and development of new nanomedicines. At present, with the rapid increase of research on nanomedicine in the field of cancer, there is a lack of intuitive analysis of the development trend, main authors and research hotspots of nanomedicine in the field of cancer, as well as detailed elaboration of possible research hotspots. In this review, data collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database between January 1st, 2000, and December 31st, 2021, were subjected to a bibliometric analysis. The co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence of countries, institutions, authors, literature, and keywords in this subject were examined using VOSviewer, Citespace, and a well-known online bibliometrics platform. We collected 19,654 published papers, China produced the most publications (36.654%, 7204), followed by the United States (29.594%, 5777), and India (7.780%, 1529). An interesting fact is that, despite China having more publications than the United States, the United States still dominates this field, having the highest H-index and the most citations. Acs Nano, Nano Letters, and Biomaterials are the top three academic publications that publish articles on nanomedicine for cancer out of a total of 7580 academic journals. The most significant increases were shown for the keywords "cancer nanomedicine", "tumor microenvironment", "nanoparticles", "prodrug", "targeted nanomedicine", "combination", and "cancer immunotherapy" indicating the promising area of research. Meanwhile, the development prospects and challenges of nanomedicine in cancer are also discussed and provided some solutions to the major obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerong Pei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuting Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Liqin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fengyun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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14
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Xie T, Luo Y, Wang P, Wu L, Cui X, Sun B, Li G. Controlled Rehydration of Dried Reagents for Robust Multiplex Digital PCR. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13223-13232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengbao Xie
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bangyong Sun
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Gang Li
- Defense Key Disciplines Lab of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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15
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Khosla NK, Lesinski JM, Colombo M, Bezinge L, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3340-3360. [PMID: 35984715 PMCID: PMC9469643 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) form the cornerstone of modern medicine. They are routinely employed throughout the entire treatment pathway, from initial diagnosis through to prognosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment surveillance. Given the proven links between high quality diagnostic testing and overall health, ensuring broad access to IVDs has long been a focus of both researchers and medical professionals. Unfortunately, the current diagnostic paradigm relies heavily on centralized laboratories, complex and expensive equipment, and highly trained personnel. It is commonly assumed that this level of complexity is required to achieve the performance necessary for sensitive and specific disease diagnosis, and that making something affordable and accessible entails significant compromises in test performance. However, recent work in the field of microfluidics is challenging this notion. By exploiting the unique features of microfluidic systems, researchers have been able to create progressively simple devices that can perform increasingly complex diagnostic assays. This review details how microfluidic technologies are disrupting the status quo, and facilitating the development of simple, affordable, and accessible integrated IVDs. Importantly, we discuss the advantages and limitations of various approaches, and highlight the remaining challenges within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K Khosla
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Jake M Lesinski
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Colombo
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel A Richards
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
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16
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Microfluidic chain reaction of structurally programmed capillary flow events. Nature 2022; 605:464-469. [PMID: 35585345 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chain reactions, characterized by initiation, propagation and termination, are stochastic at microscopic scales and underlie vital chemical (for example, combustion engines), nuclear and biotechnological (for example, polymerase chain reaction) applications1-5. At macroscopic scales, chain reactions are deterministic and limited to applications for entertainment and art such as falling dominoes and Rube Goldberg machines. On the other hand, the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (also called a micro-total analysis system)6,7 was visualized as an integrated chip, akin to microelectronic integrated circuits, yet in practice remains dependent on cumbersome peripherals, connections and a computer for automation8-11. Capillary microfluidics integrate energy supply and flow control onto a single chip by using capillary phenomena, but programmability remains rudimentary with at most a handful (eight) operations possible12-19. Here we introduce the microfluidic chain reaction (MCR) as the conditional, structurally programmed propagation of capillary flow events. Monolithic chips integrating a MCR are three-dimensionally printed, and powered by the free energy of a paper pump, autonomously execute liquid handling algorithms step-by-step. With MCR, we automated (1) the sequential release of 300 aliquots across chained, interconnected chips, (2) a protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies detection in saliva and (3) a thrombin generation assay by continuous subsampling and analysis of coagulation-activated plasma with parallel operations including timers, iterative cycles of synchronous flow and stop-flow operations. MCRs are untethered from and unencumbered by peripherals, encode programs structurally in situ and can form a frugal, versatile, bona fide lab-on-a-chip with wide-ranging applications in liquid handling and point-of-care diagnostics.
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17
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Gervais T, Temiz Y, Aubé L, Delamarche E. Large-Scale Dried Reagent Reconstitution and Diffusion Control Using Microfluidic Self-Coalescence Modules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105939. [PMID: 35307960 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The positioning and manipulation of large numbers of reagents in small aliquots are paramount to many fields in chemistry and the life sciences, such as combinatorial screening, enzyme activity assays, and point-of-care testing. Here, a capillary microfluidic architecture based on self-coalescence modules capable of storing thousands of dried reagent spots per square centimeter is reported, which can all be reconstituted independently without dispersion using a single pipetting step and ≤5 μL of a solution. A simple diffusion-based mathematical model is also provided to guide the spotting of reagents in this microfluidic architecture at the experimental design stage to enable either compartmentalization, mixing, or the generation of complex multi-reagent chemical patterns. Results demonstrate the formation of chemical patterns with high accuracy and versatility, and simple methods for integrating reagents and imaging the resulting chemical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gervais
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rueschlikon, 8803, Switzerland
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X0A9, Canada
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rueschlikon, 8803, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Aubé
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Canada
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18
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Abstract
This review focuses on experimental work on nonlinear phenomena in microfluidics, which for the most part are phenomena for which the velocity of a fluid flowing through a microfluidic channel does not scale proportionately with the pressure drop. Examples include oscillations, flow-switching behaviors, and bifurcations. These phenomena are qualitatively distinct from laminar, diffusion-limited flows that are often associated with microfluidics. We explore the nonlinear behaviors of bubbles or droplets when they travel alone or in trains through a microfluidic network or when they assemble into either one- or two-dimensional crystals. We consider the nonlinearities that can be induced by the geometry of channels, such as their curvature or the bas-relief patterning of their base. By casting posts, barriers, or membranes─situated inside channels─from stimuli-responsive or flexible materials, the shape, size, or configuration of these elements can be altered by flowing fluids, which may enable autonomous flow control. We also highlight some of the nonlinearities that arise from operating devices at intermediate Reynolds numbers or from using non-Newtonian fluids or liquid metals. We include a brief discussion of relevant practical applications, including flow gating, mixing, and particle separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Battat
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - David A Weitz
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - George M Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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19
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Segal E. Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Medical Diagnostics. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 32435872 DOI: 10.1007/10_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need to move from traditional lab-centralized diagnostics to point-of-care (PoC) settings. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms facilitate the translation to PoC settings via the miniaturization, portability, integration, and automation of multiple assay functions onto a single chip. For this purpose, paper-based assays and microfluidic platforms are currently being extensively studied, and much focus is being directed towards simplifying their design while simultaneously improving multiplexing and automation capabilities. Signal amplification strategies are being applied to improve the performance of assays with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity, while smartphones are being integrated to expand the analytical power of the technology and promote its accessibility. In this chapter, we review the main technologies in the field of LoC platforms for PoC medical diagnostics and survey recent approaches for improving these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
- The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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20
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Rocca M, Temiz Y, Salva ML, Castonguay S, Gervais T, Niemeyer CM, Delamarche E. Rapid quantitative assays for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and hemoglobin combined on a capillary-driven microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3573-3582. [PMID: 34341817 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00354b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid tests for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) are extremely important for determining G6PD deficiency, a widespread metabolic disorder which triggers hemolytic anemia in response to primaquine and tafenoquine medication, the most effective drugs for the radical cure of malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites. Current point-of-care diagnostic devices for G6PD are either qualitative, do not normalize G6PD activity to the hemoglobin concentration, or are very expensive. In this work we developed a capillary-driven microfluidic chip to perform a quantitative G6PD test and a hemoglobin measurement within 2 minutes and using less than 2 μL of sample. We used a powerful microfluidic module to integrate and resuspend locally the reagents needed for the G6PD assay and controls. We also developed a theoretical model that successfully predicts the enzymatic reactions on-chip, guides on-chip reagent spotting and allows efficient integration of multiple assays in miniaturized formats with only a few nanograms of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rocca
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1) - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - Marie L Salva
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1) - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Samuel Castonguay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Gervais
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1) - Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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21
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Delamarche E, Pereiro I, Kashyap A, Kaigala GV. Biopatterning: The Art of Patterning Biomolecules on Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:9637-9651. [PMID: 34347483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Patterning biomolecules on surfaces provides numerous opportunities for miniaturizing biological assays; biosensing; studying proteins, cells, and tissue sections; and engineering surfaces that include biological components. In this Feature Article, we summarize the themes presented in our recent Langmuir Lecture on patterning biomolecules on surfaces, miniaturizing surface assays, and interacting with biointerfaces using three key technologies: microcontact printing, microfluidic networks, and microfluidic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Delamarche
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Iago Pereiro
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Kashyap
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Govind V Kaigala
- IBM Research Europe-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
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22
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Delamarche E, Temiz Y, Lovchik RD, Christiansen MG, Schuerle S. Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe Saeumerstrasse 4 Rueschlikon Switzerland
| | | | - Michael G. Christiansen
- Institute for Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Institute for Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/10 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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23
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A single snapshot multiplex immunoassay platform utilizing dense test lines based on engineered beads. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 190:113388. [PMID: 34098362 PMCID: PMC8166042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Co-circulation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dengue fever has been reported. Accurate and timely multiplex diagnosis is required to prevent future pandemics. Here, we developed an innovative microfluidic chip that enables a snapshot multiplex immunoassay for timely on-site response and offers unprecedented multiplexing capability with an operating procedure similar to that of lateral flow assays. An open microchannel assembly of individually engineered microbeads was developed to construct nine high-density test lines, which can be imaged in a 1 mm2 field-of-view. Thus, simultaneous detection of multiple antibodies would be achievable in a single high-resolution snapshot. Next, we developed a novel pixel intensity-based imaging process to distinguish effective and non-specific fluorescence signals, thereby improving the reliability of this fluorescence-based immunoassay. Finally, the chip specifically identified and classified random combinations of arbovirus (Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies within 30 min. Therefore, we believe that this snapshot multiplex immunoassay chip is a powerful diagnostic tool to control current and future pandemics.
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24
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Delamarche E, Temiz Y, Lovchik RD, Christiansen MG, Schuerle S. Capillary Microfluidics for Monitoring Medication Adherence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17784-17796. [PMID: 33710725 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medication adherence is a medical and societal issue worldwide, with approximately half of patients failing to adhere to prescribed treatments. The goal of this Minireview is to examine how recent work on microfluidics for point-of-care diagnostics may be used to enhance adherence to medication. It specifically focuses on capillary microfluidics since these devices are self-powered, easy to use, and well established for diagnostics and drug monitoring. Considering that an improvement in medication adherence can have a much larger effect than the development of new medical treatments, it is long overdue for the research communities working in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, and material sciences to consider developing technologies to enhance medication adherence. For these reasons, this Minireview is not meant to be exhaustive but rather to provide a quick starting point for researchers interested in joining this complex but intriguing and exciting field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research Europe, Saeumerstrasse 4, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael G Christiansen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Jiang K, Jokhun DS, Lim CT. Microfluidic detection of human diseases: From liquid biopsy to COVID-19 diagnosis. J Biomech 2021; 117:110235. [PMID: 33486262 PMCID: PMC7832952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices can be thought of as comprising interconnected miniaturized compartments performing multiple experimental tasks individually or in parallel in an integrated fashion. Due to its small size, portability, and low cost, attempts have been made to incorporate detection assays into microfluidic platforms for diseases such as cancer and infection. Some of these technologies have served as point-of-care and sample-to-answer devices. The methods for detecting biomarkers in different diseases usually share similar principles and can conveniently be adapted to cope with arising health challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such challenge that is testing the performance of both our conventional and newly-developed disease diagnostic technologies. In this mini-review, we will first look at the progress made in the past few years in applying microfluidics for liquid biopsy and infectious disease detection. Following that, we will use the current pandemic as an example to discuss how such technological advancements can help in the current health challenge and better prepare us for future ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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26
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Cai Z, Huang Z, Li Z, Su M, Zhao Z, Qin F, Zhang Z, Yang J, Song Y. Evaporation Induced Spontaneous Micro‐Vortexes through Engineering of the Marangoni Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feifei Qin
- Chair of Building Physics Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich) Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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27
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Etxebarria-Elezgarai J, Alvarez-Braña Y, Garoz-Sanchez R, Benito-Lopez F, Basabe-Desmonts L. Large-Volume Self-Powered Disposable Microfluidics by the Integration of Modular Polymer Micropumps with Plastic Microfluidic Cartridges. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaione Etxebarria-Elezgarai
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Yara Alvarez-Braña
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Rosa Garoz-Sanchez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Analytical Microsystems & Materials for Lab-on-a-Chip (AMMa-LOAC) Group Analytical Chemistry Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Micro and Nanodevices, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Micro and Nanodevices, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Basque Foundation of Science, IKERBASQUE, María Díaz Haroko Kalea, 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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28
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Salva ML, Rocca M, Hu Y, Delamarche E, Niemeyer CM. Complex Nucleic Acid Hybridization Reactions inside Capillary-Driven Microfluidic Chips. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005476. [PMID: 33201612 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid hybridization reactions play an important role in many (bio)chemical fields, for example, for the development of portable point-of-care diagnostics, and often such applications require nucleic acid-based reaction systems that ideally run without enzymes under isothermal conditions. The use of novel capillary-driven microfluidic chips to perform two isothermal nucleic acid hybridization reactions, the simple opening of molecular beacon structures and the complex reaction cascade of a clamped-hybridization chain reaction (C-HCR), is reported here. For this purpose, reagents are arranged in a self-coalescence module (SCM) of a passive silicon microfluidic chip using inkjet spotting. The SCM occupies a footprint of ≈7 mm2 of a ≈0.4 × 2 cm2 microfluidic chip. By means of fluorophore-labeled DNA probes, the hybridization reactions can be analyzed in just ≈2 min and using only ≈3 µL of the sample. Furthermore, the SCM chip offers a variety of reagent delivery options, allowing, for example, the influence of the initiator concentration on the kinetics of C-HCR to be investigated systematically with minimal sample and time requirements. These results suggest that self-powered microfluidic chips equipped with a SCM provide a powerful platform for performing and investigating complex reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Salva
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
- IBM Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, Ruschlikon, 8803, Switzerland
| | - Marco Rocca
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
- IBM Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, Ruschlikon, 8803, Switzerland
| | - Yong Hu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | | | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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29
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Cai Z, Huang Z, Li Z, Su M, Zhao Z, Qin F, Zhang Z, Yang J, Song Y. Evaporation Induced Spontaneous Micro‐Vortexes through Engineering of the Marangoni Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23684-23689. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feifei Qin
- Chair of Building Physics Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich) Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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30
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Le Gac S, Ferraz M, Venzac B, Comizzoli P. Understanding and Assisting Reproduction in Wildlife Species Using Microfluidics. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:584-597. [PMID: 33039163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conservation breeding and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are invaluable tools to save wild animal species that are on the brink of extinction. Microfluidic devices recently developed for human or domestic animal reproductive medicine could significantly help to increase knowledge about fertility and contribute to the success of ART in wildlife. Some of these microfluidic tools could be applied to wild species, but dedicated efforts will be necessary to meet specific needs in animal conservation; for example, they need to be cost-effective, applicable to multiple species, and field-friendly. Microfluidics represents only one powerful technology in a complex toolbox and must be integrated with other approaches to be impactful in managing wildlife reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcia Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastien Venzac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.
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31
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Suea-Ngam A, Bezinge L, Mateescu B, Howes PD, deMello AJ, Richards DA. Enzyme-Assisted Nucleic Acid Detection for Infectious Disease Diagnostics: Moving toward the Point-of-Care. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2701-2723. [PMID: 32838523 PMCID: PMC7485284 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Driven by complex and interconnected factors, including population growth, climate change, and geopolitics, infectious diseases represent one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Diagnostic technologies are the first line of defense in the fight against infectious disease, providing critical information to inform epidemiological models, track diseases, decide treatment choices, and ultimately prevent epidemics. The diagnosis of infectious disease at the genomic level using nucleic acid disease biomarkers has proven to be the most effective approach to date. Such methods rely heavily on enzymes to specifically amplify or detect nucleic acids in complex samples, and significant effort has been exerted to harness the power of enzymes for in vitro nucleic acid diagnostics. Unfortunately, significant challenges limit the potential of enzyme-assisted nucleic acid diagnostics, particularly when translating diagnostic technologies from the lab toward the point-of-use or point-of-care. Herein, we discuss the current state of the field and highlight cross-disciplinary efforts to solve the challenges associated with the successful deployment of this important class of diagnostics at or near the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Léonard Bezinge
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute,
Medical Faculty of the University of
Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057
Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip D. Howes
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Daniel A. Richards
- Institute for Chemical &
Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry & Applied Biosciences,
ETH Zürich,
Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich,
Switzerland
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32
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Xu L, Liu S. Forecasting structure of natural products through color formation process by thin layer chromatography. Food Chem 2020; 334:127496. [PMID: 32711264 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With booming of computer technology, it is feasible to quantitatively extract valuable information from readily available image of objects, which dramatically reduces the cost and improves the efficiency. In this work, a structural classification method, based on data extracted from color formation process on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates through computer processing, was established for natural products. Representative natural products exhibited good clustering and separation according to the extracted color feature, and structure of natural products can be classified by the distribution region in the color system. This method provides structural information for typical types of natural products directly from the formed color on TLC, which is very efficient and make portable device-based structure analysis of natural products possible. In addition, a general mechanism of color formation was proposed. This method is free from special instrument, high-throughput, and would facilitate large-scale screening of bioactives from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Xu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songbai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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33
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Xu L, Wang A, Li X, Oh KW. Passive micropumping in microfluidics for point-of-care testing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:031503. [PMID: 32509049 PMCID: PMC7263483 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Suitable micropumping methods for flow control represent a major technical hurdle in the development of microfluidic systems for point-of-care testing (POCT). Passive micropumping for point-of-care microfluidic systems provides a promising solution to such challenges, in particular, passive micropumping based on capillary force and air transfer based on the air solubility and air permeability of specific materials. There have been numerous developments and applications of micropumping techniques that are relevant to the use in POCT. Compared with active pumping methods such as syringe pumps or pressure pumps, where the flow rate can be well-tuned independent of the design of the microfluidic devices or the property of the liquids, most passive micropumping methods still suffer flow-control problems. For example, the flow rate may be set once the device has been made, and the properties of liquids may affect the flow rate. However, the advantages of passive micropumping, which include simplicity, ease of use, and low cost, make it the best choice for POCT. Here, we present a systematic review of different types of passive micropumping that are suitable for POCT, alongside existing applications based on passive micropumping. Future trends in passive micropumping are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Xu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic
Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California San
Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 304, San Francisco, California
94158, USA
| | - Anyang Wang
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab),
Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic
Sciences, Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of California San
Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 304, San Francisco, California
94158, USA
| | - Kwang W. Oh
- SMALL (Sensors and MicroActuators Learning Lab),
Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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34
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Maurice A, Theisen J, Gabriel JCP. Microfluidic lab-on-chip advances for liquid–liquid extraction process studies. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Arango Y, Temiz Y, Gökçe O, Delamarche E. Electro-actuated valves and self-vented channels enable programmable flow control and monitoring in capillary-driven microfluidics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8305. [PMID: 32494605 PMCID: PMC7250678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics are essential for many lab-on-a-chip applications, but it is still challenging to implement a portable and programmable device that can perform an assay protocol autonomously when used by a person with minimal training. Here, we present a versatile concept toward this goal by realizing programmable liquid circuits where liquids in capillary-driven microfluidic channels can be controlled and monitored from a smartphone to perform various advanced tasks of liquid manipulation. We achieve this by combining electro-actuated valves (e-gates) with passive capillary valves and self-vented channels. We demonstrate the concept by implementing a 5-mm-diameter microfluidic clock, a chip to control four liquids using 100 e-gates with electronic feedback, and designs to deliver and merge multiple liquids sequentially or in parallel in any order and combination. This concept is scalable, compatible with high-throughput manufacturing, and can be adopted in many microfluidics-based assays that would benefit from precise and easy handling of liquids.
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36
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Qiu H, Cheng H, Meng J, Wu G, Chen S. Magnetothermal Microfluidic‐Assisted Hierarchical Microfibers for Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7934-7943. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hengyang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jinku Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Guan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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37
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Qiu H, Cheng H, Meng J, Wu G, Chen S. Magnetothermal Microfluidic‐Assisted Hierarchical Microfibers for Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Hengyang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jinku Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Guan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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38
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Zhong J, Riordon J, Wu TC, Edwards H, Wheeler AR, Pardee K, Aspuru-Guzik A, Sinton D. When robotics met fluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:709-716. [PMID: 31895394 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01042d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput fluidic technologies have increased the speed and accuracy of fluid processing to the extent that unlocking further gains will require replacing the human operator with a robotic counterpart. Recent advances in chemistry and biology, such as gene editing, have further exacerbated the need for smart, high-throughput experimentation. A growing number of innovations at the intersection of robotics and fluidics illustrate the tremendous opportunity in achieving fully self-driving fluid systems. We envision that the fields of synthetic chemistry and synthetic biology will be the first beneficiaries of AI-directed robotic and fluidic systems, and largely fall within two modalities: complex integrated centralized facilities that produce data, and distributed systems that synthesize products and conduct disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhong
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada.
| | - Jason Riordon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada.
| | - Tony C Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Harrison Edwards
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Keith Pardee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada. and Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3G8, Canada.
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Pradela-Filho LA, Noviana E, Araújo DAG, Takeuchi RM, Santos AL, Henry CS. Rapid Analysis in Continuous-Flow Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ACS Sens 2020; 5:274-281. [PMID: 31898461 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple and low-cost continuous-flow (CF) electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) coupled with thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) was developed. The fast, continuous flow combined with flow injection analysis was made possible by adding two inlet reservoirs to the same paper-based hollow channel flowing over detection electrodes, terminating in a fan-shaped pumping reservoir. The upstream inlet reservoir was filled with buffer and provided constant flow through the device. Sample injections were performed by adding 2 μL of the sample to the downstream sample inlet. Differences in flow resistance resulted in sample plugs displacing buffer as the solution flowed over the working electrodes. The electrodes were fabricated by mixing carbon black and polycaprolactone (50% w/w). CF-TPE-ePADs were characterized with chronoamperometry using ferrocenylmethyl trimethylammonium as the electrochemical probe. Optimized flow rates and injection volumes gave analysis times roughly an order of magnitude faster than those of previously reported flow injection analysis ePADs. To demonstrate applicability, the CF-TPE-ePADs were used to quantify caffeic acid in three different tea samples. The proposed method had a linear range from 10 to 500 μmol L-1 and limits of detection and quantification of 2.5 and 8.3 μmol L-1, respectively. Our approach is promising for fabricating simple, inexpensive, yet high-performance, flow injection analysis devices using paper substrates and easy-to-make electrodes that do not require external mechanical pumping systems or complicated valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro A. Pradela-Filho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Minas Gerais, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brasil
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eka Noviana
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Diele A. G. Araújo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Minas Gerais, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brasil
| | - Regina M. Takeuchi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Minas Gerais, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brasil
| | - André L. Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. João Naves de Ávila, 2121, Minas Gerais, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brasil
| | - Charles S. Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Arshavsky-Graham S, Segal E. Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Medical Diagnostics. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 179:247-265. [PMID: 32435872 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need to move from traditional lab-centralized diagnostics to point-of-care (PoC) settings. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms facilitate the translation to PoC settings via the miniaturization, portability, integration, and automation of multiple assay functions onto a single chip. For this purpose, paper-based assays and microfluidic platforms are currently being extensively studied, and much focus is being directed towards simplifying their design while simultaneously improving multiplexing and automation capabilities. Signal amplification strategies are being applied to improve the performance of assays with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity, while smartphones are being integrated to expand the analytical power of the technology and promote its accessibility. In this chapter, we review the main technologies in the field of LoC platforms for PoC medical diagnostics and survey recent approaches for improving these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. .,The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Hemmig E, Temiz Y, Gökçe O, Lovchik RD, Delamarche E. Transposing Lateral Flow Immunoassays to Capillary-Driven Microfluidics Using Self-Coalescence Modules and Capillary-Assembled Receptor Carriers. Anal Chem 2019; 92:940-946. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Hemmig
- IBM Research − Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research − Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Onur Gökçe
- IBM Research − Zurich, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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Miles M, Bhattacharjee B, Sridhar N, Fajrial AK, Ball K, Lee YC, Stowell MHB, Old WM, Ding X. Flattening of Diluted Species Profile via Passive Geometry in a Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E839. [PMID: 31801276 PMCID: PMC6952922 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic devices have become an important tool for use in lab-on-a-chip processes, including drug screening and delivery, bio-chemical reactions, sample preparation and analysis, chemotaxis, and separations. In many such processes, a flat cross-sectional concentration profile with uniform flow velocity across the channel is desired to achieve controlled and precise solute transport. This is often accommodated by the use of electroosmotic flow, however, it is not an ideal for many applications, particularly biomicrofluidics. Meanwhile, pressure-driven systems generally exhibit a parabolic cross-sectional concentration profile through a channel. We draw inspiration from finite element fluid dynamics simulations to design and fabricate a practical solution to achieving a flat solute concentration profile in a two-dimensional (2D) microfluidic channel. The channel possesses geometric features to passively flatten the solute profile before entering the defined region of interest in the microfluidic channel. An obviously flat solute profile across the channel is demonstrated in both simulation and experiment. This technology readily lends itself to many microfluidic applications which require controlled solute transport in pressure driven systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miles
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Biddut Bhattacharjee
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Nakul Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Apresio Kefin Fajrial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Kerri Ball
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Yung Cheng Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Michael H. B. Stowell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - William M. Old
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
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Salva ML, Temiz Y, Rocca M, Arango YC, Niemeyer CM, Delamarche E. Programmable hydraulic resistor for microfluidic chips using electrogate arrays. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17242. [PMID: 31754240 PMCID: PMC6872553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow rates play an important role in microfluidic devices because they affect the transport of chemicals and determine where and when (bio)chemical reactions occur in these devices. Flow rates can conveniently be determined using external peripherals in active microfluidics. However, setting specific flow rates in passive microfluidics is a significant challenge because they are encoded on a design and fabrication level, leaving little freedom to users for adjusting flow rates for specific applications. Here, we present a programmable hydraulic resistor where an array of "electrogates" routes an incoming liquid through a set of resistors to modulate flow rates in microfluidic chips post-fabrication. This approach combines a battery-powered peripheral device with passive capillary-driven microfluidic chips for advanced flow rate control and measurement. We specifically show a programmable hydraulic resistor composed of 7 parallel resistors and 14 electrogates. A peripheral and smartphone application allow a user to activate selected electrogates and resistors, providing 127 (27-1) flow resistance combinations with values spanning on a 500 fold range. The electrogates feature a capillary pinning site (i.e. trench across the flow path) to stop a solution and an electrode, which can be activated in a few ms using a 3 V bias to resume flow based on electrowetting. The hydraulic resistor and microfluidic chip shown here enable flow rates from ~0.09 nL.s-1 up to ~5.66 nL.s-1 with the resistor occupying a footprint of only 15.8 mm2 on a 1 × 2 cm2 microfluidic chip fabricated in silicon. We illustrate how a programmable hydraulic resistor can be used to set flow rate conditions for laminar co-flow of 2 liquids and the enzymatic conversion of a substrate by stationary enzymes (alkaline phosphatase) downstream of the programmable hydraulic resistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Salva
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yuksel Temiz
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Marco Rocca
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yulieth C Arango
- IBM Research - Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) - Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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