1
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Mitra S, Hamada N, Mitra SK. Experimental observation and characterization of amorphous carbon generated in graphene on gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25307-25315. [PMID: 39139246 PMCID: PMC11318520 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of graphene with gold nanoparticles is investigated using transmission electron microscopy. We observe gold-nanoparticle-mediated etching of graphene flakes, often leading to hole formation. Further, using a combination of high-angle annular dark field imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy, we highlight that the catalytic effects of gold nanoparticles on graphene lead to the formation of amorphous carbon layers. From the extracted diffractograms, we observe regions with diffraction halos as well as some regions with a weak tetrahedral motif. Using independently performed Raman measurements, we confirm the presence of tetrahedral amorphous carbon as well as mixed graphitic-amorphous regions. For the amorphous carbon regions with mixed sp2-sp3 states, the Raman G peak is red-shifted to 1564 cm-1 and an I D/I G ratio of 0.63 indicates less than 20% sp3 content. For the tetrahedral amorphous carbon regions, we observe that the Raman G peak is at 1580 cm-1, close to that of monolayer graphene. However, there is no Raman D peak, i.e., I D/I G = 0, which indicates close to 100% sp3 content. The translation of the Raman G peak location and the I D/I G ratios is on par with the amorphization trajectory analysis of Ferrari and Robertson (Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2000, 61, 14095) and validates the conversion route of graphite to amorphous carbon to tetrahedral amorphous carbon. The presented method provides a promising pathway for creating defect-induced amorphous carbon at room temperature, which has a broader impact on the electronics and semiconductor industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjyasish Mitra
- Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Natalie Hamada
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University 1280 Main St W Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Sushanta K Mitra
- Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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2
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Yamamoto E, Kurimoto D, Ito K, Hayashi K, Kobayashi M, Osada M. Solid-state surfactant templating for controlled synthesis of amorphous 2D oxide/oxyhydroxide nanosheets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6612. [PMID: 39098927 PMCID: PMC11298516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As a member of 2D family, amorphous 2D nanosheets have received increasing attention due to their unique properties that are distinct from crystalline 2D nanosheets. However, compared with the vast library of crystalline 2D nanosheets, amorphous 2D nanosheets are still infancy due to the lack of an efficient synthetic approach. Here, we present a strategy that yields a library of 10 distinct amorphous 2D metal oxides/oxyhydroxides using solid-state surfactant crystals. A key feature of this process is a stepwise reaction using solid surfactant; the solid-state surfactant crystals have metal ions arranged in the interlayer space, and hydrolysis of the metal ions leads to the formation of isolated clusters in the surfactant crystals via limited condensation reactions. Immersing the surfactant crystals in formamide promotes nanosheet formation through the self-assembly of clusters by templating the morphologies of the crystals generated from surfactants crystals. Our approach opens a flatland in amorphous 2D world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Daiki Kurimoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ito
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minoru Osada
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Quantum and Chemical Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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3
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Lee JH, Loh ND, Yeo ZY, Ong YK, Balakrishnan D, Limpo CMA, Datta A, Cetin C, Ning S, Wong C, Shi J, Hou F, Lin J, Minamikawa T, Ito T, Kamisuki H, Pennycook S, Matsudaira P, Özyilmaz B. Engineering a Hierarchy of Disorder: A New Route to Synthesize High-Performance 3D Nanoporous All-Carbon Materials*. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402628. [PMID: 38670114 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A new nanoporous amorphous carbon (NAC) structure that achieves both ultrahigh strength and high electrical conductivity, which are usually incompatible in porous materials is reported. By using modified spark plasma sintering, three amorphous carbon phases with different atomic bonding configurations are created. The composite consisted of an amorphous sp2-carbon matrix mixed with amorphous sp3-carbon and amorphous graphitic motif. NAC structure has an isotropic electrical conductivity of up to 12 000 S m-1, Young's modulus of up to ≈5 GPa, and Vickers hardness of over 900 MPa. These properties are superior to those of existing conductive nanoporous materials. Direct investigation of the multiscale structure of this material through transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and machine learning-based electron tomography revealed that the origin of the remarkable material properties is the well-organized sp2/sp3 amorphous carbon phases with a core-shell-like architecture, where the sp3-rich carbon forms a resilient core surrounded by a conductive sp2-rich layer. This research not only introduces novel materials with exceptional properties but also opens new opportunities for exploring amorphous structures and designing high-performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hak Lee
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - N Duane Loh
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yuan Yeo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yong Kang Ong
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Deepan Balakrishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Carlos Maria Alava Limpo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Abhik Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Cagdas Cetin
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Shoucong Ning
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Wong
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
| | - Jian Shi
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Fuchen Hou
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tadahiro Minamikawa
- Chemical Device Department Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Yasu-shi, Shiga, 520-2393, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ito
- Chemical Device Department Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Yasu-shi, Shiga, 520-2393, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamisuki
- Chemical Device Department Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Yasu-shi, Shiga, 520-2393, Japan
| | - Stephen Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Paul Matsudaira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
- Centre for Bio-imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Barbaros Özyilmaz
- Center for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117546, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
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4
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Chen S, Zhang Y, King WP, Bashir R, van der Zande AM. Edge-Passivated Monolayer WSe 2 Nanoribbon Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313694. [PMID: 39023387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing reduction in transistor sizes drives advancements in information technology. However, as transistors shrink to the nanometer scale, surface and edge states begin to constrain their performance. 2D semiconductors like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have dangling-bond-free surfaces, hence achieving minimal surface states. Nonetheless, edge state disorder still limits the performance of width-scaled 2D transistors. This work demonstrates a facile edge passivation method to enhance the electrical properties of monolayer WSe2 nanoribbons, by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, and field-effect transistor (FET) transport measurements. Monolayer WSe2 nanoribbons are passivated with amorphous WOxSey at the edges, which is achieved using nanolithography and a controlled remote O2 plasma process. The same nanoribbons, with and without edge passivation are sequentially fabricated and measured. The passivated-edge nanoribbon FETs exhibit 10 ± 6 times higher field-effect mobility than the open-edge nanoribbon FETs, which are characterized with dangling bonds at the edges. WOxSey edge passivation minimizes edge disorder and enhances the material quality of WSe2 nanoribbons. Owing to its simplicity and effectiveness, oxidation-based edge passivation could become a turnkey manufacturing solution for TMD nanoribbons in beyond-silicon electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Chen
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - William P King
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Arend M van der Zande
- Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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5
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Yu W, Zhao W, Zhu X, Li M, Yi X, Liu X. Laser-Printed All-Carbon Responsive Material and Soft Robot. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401920. [PMID: 39011802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Responsive materials and actuators are the basis for the development of various leading-edge technologies but have so far mostly been designed based on polymers, incurring key limitations related to sensitivity and environmental tolerance. This work reports a new responsive material, laser-printed carbon film (LPCF), produced via direct laser transformation of a liquid organic precursor and consists of graphitic and amorphous carbons. The high activity of amorphous carbon combined with the dual-gradient structure enables the LPCF to have a actuation speed of 9400° s-1 in response to the stimulus of organic vapor. LPCF exhibits a conductivity of 950 S m-1 and excellent resistance to various extreme environmental conditions, which are unachievable for polymer-based materials. Additionally, an LPCF-based all-carbon soft robot that can mimic the complex continuous backward somersaulting motions without manual intervention is constructed. The locomotion velocity of the robot reaches a value of 1.19 BL s-1, which is almost one to two orders of magnitude faster than that of reported soft robots. This work not only offers a new paradigm for highly responsive materials but also provides a great design and engineering example for the next generation of biomimetic robots with life-like performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xinbei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Xiaosu Yi
- Yangtze River Delta Carbon Fiber and Composite Technology Innovation Center, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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6
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Jiang S, Huang L, Chen H, Zhao J, Ly TH. Unraveling the Atomistic Mechanisms Underlying Effective Reverse Osmosis Filtration by Graphene Oxide Membranes. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400323. [PMID: 38940224 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The graphene oxide (GO) membrane displays promising potential in efficiently filtering ions from water. However, the precise mechanism behind its effectiveness remains elusive, particularly due to the lack of direct experimental evidence at the atomic scale. To shed light on this matter, state-of-the-art techniques are employed such as integrated differential phase contrast-scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy, combined with reverse osmosis (RO) filtration experiments using GO membranes. The atomic-scale observations after the RO experiments directly reveal the binding of various ions including Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Fe3+ to the defects, edges, and functional groups of GO. The remarkable ion-sieving capabilities of GO membranes are confirmed, which can be attributed to a synergistic interplay of size exclusion, electrostatic interactions, cation-π, and other non-covalent interactions. Moreover, GO membranes modified by external pressure and cation also demonstrated further enhanced filtration performance for filtration. This study significantly contributes by uncovering the atomic-scale mechanism responsible for ion sieving in GO membranes. These findings not only enhance the fundamental understanding but also hold substantial potential for the advancement of GO membranes in reverse osmosis (RO) filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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7
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Wang K, Sun X, Cheng S, Cheng Y, Huang K, Liu R, Yuan H, Li W, Liang F, Yang Y, Yang F, Zheng K, Liang Z, Tu C, Liu M, Ma M, Ge Y, Jian M, Yin W, Qi Y, Liu Z. Multispecies-coadsorption-induced rapid preparation of graphene glass fiber fabric and applications in flexible pressure sensor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5040. [PMID: 38866786 PMCID: PMC11169262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on dielectric/insulating materials is a promising strategy for subsequent transfer-free applications of graphene. However, graphene growth on noncatalytic substrates is faced with thorny issues, especially the limited growth rate, which severely hinders mass production and practical applications. Herein, graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) is developed by graphene CVD growth on glass fiber fabric. Dichloromethane is applied as a carbon precursor to accelerate graphene growth, which has a low decomposition energy barrier, and more importantly, the produced high-electronegativity Cl radical can enhance adsorption of active carbon species by Cl-CH2 coadsorption and facilitate H detachment from graphene edges. Consequently, the growth rate is increased by ~3 orders of magnitude and carbon utilization by ~960-fold, compared with conventional methane precursor. The advantageous hierarchical conductive configuration of lightweight, flexible GGFF makes it an ultrasensitive pressure sensor for human motion and physiological monitoring, such as pulse and vocal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiucai Sun
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Kangyi Zheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ce Tu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiong Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Ge
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China.
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8
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Liu S, Cao R, Hu J, Tian H, Ma Y, Xue H, Li Z, Yao Z, Li R, Liao P, Wang Y, Yang Zhang L, Yin G, Sasaki U, Guo J, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhou W, Chen J, Fu W, Liu L. Degree of disorder-regulated ion transport through amorphous monolayer carbon. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17032-17040. [PMID: 38808236 PMCID: PMC11130763 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanopore technology, re-fueled by two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and MoS2, controls mass transport by allowing certain species while denying others at the nanoscale and has a wide application range in DNA sequencing, nano-power generation, and others. With their low transmembrane transport resistance and high permeability stemming from their ultrathin nature, crystalline 2D materials do not possess nanoscale holes naturally, thus requiring additional fabrication to create nanopores. Herein, we demonstrate that nanopores exist in amorphous monolayer carbon (AMC) grown at low temperatures. The size and density of nanopores can be tuned by the growth temperature, which was experimentally verified by atomic images and further corroborated by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, AMC films with varied degrees of disorder (DOD) exhibit tunable transmembrane ionic conductance over two orders of magnitude when serving as nanopore membranes. This work demonstrates the DOD-tuned property in amorphous monolayer carbon and provides a new candidate for modern membrane science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhuo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ran Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jiani Hu
- School of Physics, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Huifeng Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yinhang Ma
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Honglei Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhixin Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Ruijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Peichi Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lina Yang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ge Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - U Sasaki
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capita Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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9
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Yuan Z, Li Z, Luo J, Nawaz A, Zhang B, Dessie W. The Optimization of Pair Distribution Functions for the Evaluation of the Degree of Disorder and Physical Stability in Amorphous Solids. Molecules 2024; 29:2379. [PMID: 38792239 PMCID: PMC11123969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The amorphous form of poorly soluble drugs is physically unstable and prone to crystallization, resulting in decreased solubility and bioavailability. However, the conventional accelerated stability test for amorphous drugs is time-consuming and inaccurate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop rapid and accurate stability assessment technology. This study used the antitumor drug nilotinib free base as a model drug. The degree of disorder and physical stability in the amorphous form was assessed by applying the pair distribution function (PDF) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods based on powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data. Specifically, the assessment conditions, such as the PDF interatomic distance range, PXRD detector type, and PXRD diffraction angle range were also optimized. The results showed that more reliable PCA data could be obtained when the PDF interatomic distance range was 0-15 Å. When the PXRD detector was a semiconductor-type detector, the PDF data obtained were more accurate than other detectors. When the PXRD diffraction angle range was 5-40°, the intermolecular arrangement of the amorphous drugs could be accurately predicted. Finally, the accelerated stability test also showed that under the above-optimized conditions, this method could accurately and rapidly assess the degree of disorder and physical stability in the amorphous form of drugs, which has obvious advantages compared with the accelerated stability test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (A.N.); (W.D.)
| | - Zunhua Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (A.N.); (W.D.)
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (A.N.); (W.D.)
| | - Asad Nawaz
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (A.N.); (W.D.)
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; (Z.Y.); (J.L.); (A.N.); (W.D.)
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10
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Banhart F. The Formation and Transformation of Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials by Electron Irradiation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310462. [PMID: 38700071 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-dimensional materials based on graphene or graphite show a large variety of phenomena when they are subjected to irradiation with energetic electrons. Since the 1990s, electron microscopy studies, where a certain irradiation dose is unavoidable, have witnessed unexpected structural transformations of graphitic nanoparticles. It is recognized that electron irradiation is not only detrimental but also bears considerable potential in the formation of new graphitic structures. With the availability of aberration-corrected electron microscopes and the discovery of techniques to produce monolayers of graphene, detailed insight into the atomic processes occurring during electron irradiation became possible. Threshold energies for atom displacements are determined and models of different types of lattice vacancies are confirmed experimentally. However, experimental evidence for the configuration of interstitial atoms in graphite or adatoms on graphene remained indirect, and the understanding of defect dynamics still depends on theoretical concepts. This article reviews irradiation phenomena in graphene- or graphite-based nanomaterials from the scale of single atoms to tens of nanometers. Observations from the 1990s can now be explained on the basis of new results. The evolution of the understanding during three decades of research is presented, and the remaining problems are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Banhart
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, 67034, France
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11
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Wan K, He J, Shi X. Construction of High Accuracy Machine Learning Interatomic Potential for Surface/Interface of Nanomaterials-A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305758. [PMID: 37640376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The inherent discontinuity and unique dimensional attributes of nanomaterial surfaces and interfaces bestow them with various exceptional properties. These properties, however, also introduce difficulties for both experimental and computational studies. The advent of machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) addresses some of the limitations associated with empirical force fields, presenting a valuable avenue for accurate simulations of these surfaces/interfaces of nanomaterials. Central to this approach is the idea of capturing the relationship between system configuration and potential energy, leveraging the proficiency of machine learning (ML) to precisely approximate high-dimensional functions. This review offers an in-depth examination of MLIP principles and their execution and elaborates on their applications in the realm of nanomaterial surface and interface systems. The prevailing challenges faced by this potent methodology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwei Wan
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianxin He
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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12
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Santos EAJ, Lima KAL, Mendonça FLL, Silva DAD, Giozza WF, Junior LAR. PHOTH-graphene: a new 2D carbon allotrope with low barriers for Li-ion mobility. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9526. [PMID: 38664467 PMCID: PMC11045837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The continued interest in 2D carbon allotropes stems from their unique structural and electronic characteristics, which are crucial for diverse applications. This work theoretically introduces PHOTH-Graphene (PHOTH-G), a novel 2D planar carbon allotrope formed by 4-5-6-7-8 carbon rings. PHOTH-G emerges as a narrow band gap semiconducting material with low formation energy, demonstrating good stability under thermal and mechanical conditions. This material has slight mechanical anisotropy with Young modulus and Poisson ratios varying between 7.08-167.8 GPa and 0.21-0.96. PHOTH-G presents optical activity restricted to the visible range. Li atoms adsorbed on its surface have a migration barrier averaging 0.38 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A J Santos
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - K A L Lima
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - F L L Mendonça
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - D A da Silva
- Professional Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PPEE, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - W F Giozza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - L A Ribeiro Junior
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
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13
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Zhu Y, Fang Z, Zhang Z, Wu H. Discontinuous phase diagram of amorphous carbons. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae051. [PMID: 38504723 PMCID: PMC10950053 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The short-range order and medium-range order of amorphous carbons demonstrated in experiments allow us to rethink whether there exist intrinsic properties hidden by atomic disordering. Here we presented six representative phases of amorphous carbons (0.1-3.4 g/cm3), namely, disordered graphene network (DGN), high-density amorphous carbon (HDAC), amorphous diaphite (a-DG), amorphous diamond (a-D), paracrystalline diamond (p-D), and nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD), respectively, classified by their topological features and microstructural characterizations that are comparable with experiments. To achieve a comprehensive physical landscape for amorphous carbons, a phase diagram was plotted in the sp3/sp2 versus density plane, in which the counterintuitive discontinuity originates from the inherent difference in topological microstructures, further guiding us to discover a variety of phase transitions among different amorphous carbons. Intriguingly, the power law, log(sp3/sp2) ∝ ρn, hints at intrinsic topology and hidden order in amorphous carbons, providing an insightful perspective to reacquaint atomic disorder in non-crystalline carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhouYu Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhongTing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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14
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Park BI, Kim J, Lu K, Zhang X, Lee S, Suh JM, Kim DH, Kim H, Kim J. Remote Epitaxy: Fundamentals, Challenges, and Opportunities. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2939-2952. [PMID: 38477054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Advanced heterogeneous integration technologies are pivotal for next-generation electronics. Single-crystalline materials are one of the key building blocks for heterogeneous integration, although it is challenging to produce and integrate these materials. Remote epitaxy is recently introduced as a solution for growing single-crystalline thin films that can be exfoliated from host wafers and then transferred onto foreign platforms. This technology has quickly gained attention, as it can be applied to a wide variety of materials and can realize new functionalities and novel application platforms. Nevertheless, remote epitaxy is a delicate process, and thus, successful execution of remote epitaxy is often challenging. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms of remote epitaxy, summarize recent breakthroughs, and discuss the challenges and solutions in the remote epitaxy of various material systems. We also provide a vision for the future of remote epitaxy for studying fundamental materials science, as well as for functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-In Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jekyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kuangye Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Nick Holonyak, Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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15
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Zhang Z, Pham HDM, Perepichka DF, Khaliullin RZ. Prediction of highly stable 2D carbon allotropes based on azulenoid kekulene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1953. [PMID: 38438387 PMCID: PMC10912223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous interest in two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes, discovering stable 2D carbon structures with practically useful electronic properties presents a significant challenge. Computational modeling in this work shows that fusing azulene-derived macrocycles - azulenoid kekulenes (AK) - into graphene leads to the most stable 2D carbon allotropes reported to date, excluding graphene. Density functional theory predicts that placing the AK units in appropriate relative positions in the graphene lattice opens the 0.54 eV electronic bandgap and leads to the appearance of the remarkable 0.80 eV secondary gap between conduction bands - a feature that is rare in 2D carbon allotropes but is known to enhance light absorption and emission in 3D semiconductors. Among porous AK structures, one material stands out as a stable narrow-multigap (0.36 and 0.56 eV) semiconductor with light charge carriers (me = 0.17 m0, mh = 0.19 m0), whereas its boron nitride analog is a wide-multigap (1.51 and 0.82 eV) semiconductor with light carriers (me = 0.39 m0, mh = 0.32 m0). The multigap engineering strategy proposed here can be applied to other carbon nanostructures creating novel 2D materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada
| | - Hanh D M Pham
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada.
| | - Rustam Z Khaliullin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada.
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16
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He M, Ding Y, Liu X. Nanoporous Amorphous Carbon Monolayer Derived from Fullerene Film. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308187. [PMID: 38155485 PMCID: PMC10933613 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbon materials derived from fullerene are reported recently with unique structures and properties. However, only micrometer size samples can be obtained that limits the studying and exploration for membrane applications. Here, the preparation of a centimeter-size nanoporous amorphous carbon monolayer is reported by rapid pyrolyzing a Langmuir-Blodgett film of fullerene. The sample is fully characterized and the results indicate that the amorphous carbon monolayer derived from fullerene is metastable and insulating. The ionic transmembrane transport study demonstrates that the membrane is porous and cation selective with a selectivity of 26%. This work provides new insights into the controlled synthesis of large-size metastable amorphous carbon monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- College of New EnergyXi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an710065China
| | - Yehui Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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17
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Yamamoto M, Goto S, Tang R, Yamazaki K. Toward three-dimensionally ordered nanoporous graphene materials: template synthesis, structure, and applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1953-1965. [PMID: 38332834 PMCID: PMC10848746 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise template synthesis will realize three-dimensionally ordered nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) with a spatially controlled seamless graphene structure and fewer edges. These structural features result in superelastic nature, high electrochemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and fast diffusion of gases and ions at the same time. Such innovative 3D graphene materials are conducive to solving energy-related issues for a better future. To further improve the attractive properties of NPGs, we review the template synthesis and its mechanism by chemical vapor deposition of hydrocarbons, analysis of the nanoporous graphene structure, and applications in electrochemical and mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology Ookayama 2-12-1 Meguro Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Rui Tang
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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18
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Lyu X, Wu G, Zheng Z, Xia S, Xie J, Xia Y, Fan P, Zhu R, Wang Y, Yang D, Li T, Dong A. Molecularly Confined Topochemical Transformation of MXene Enables Ultrathin Amorphous Metal-Oxide Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2219-2230. [PMID: 38190507 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) amorphous nanosheets with ultrathin thicknesses have properties that differ from their crystalline counterparts. However, conventional methods for growing 2D materials often produce either crystalline flakes or amorphous nanosheets with an uncontrollable thickness. Here, we report that ultrathin amorphous metal-oxide nanosheets featuring superior flatness can be realized through the molecularly confined topochemical transformation of MXene. Using MXene Ti2CTx as an example, we show that surface modification of Ti2CTx nanosheets with molecular ligands, such as oleylamine (OAm) and oleic acid (OA), not only imparts notable colloidal dispersity to Ti2CTx nanosheets in nonpolar organic solvents but also confines their subsequent oxidation to in-plane configurations. We demonstrate that unlike the drastic oxidation conventionally observed for pristine MXene, hydrophobizing MXene with OAm and OA ligands enables individual Ti2CTx nanosheets to undergo independent oxidation in a nondestructive manner, resulting in amorphous titanium oxide (am-TiO2) nanosheets that faithfully retain the dimension and flatness of pristine MXene. These am-TiO2 nanosheets exhibit exceptional activity as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Importantly, this molecular confinement strategy can be extended to other MXene materials, providing a versatile approach for synthesizing ultrathin amorphous metal-oxide nanosheets with tailored compositions and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenxin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaoying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengshuo Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Angang Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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19
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Karner C, Bianchi E. Anisotropic functionalized platelets: percolation, porosity and network properties. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:443-457. [PMID: 38235098 PMCID: PMC10790971 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Anisotropic functionalized platelets are able to model the assembly behaviour of molecular systems in two dimensions thanks to the unique combination of steric and bonding constraints. The assembly scenarios can vary from open to close-packed crystals, finite clusters and chains, according to the features of the imposed constraints. In this work, we focus on the assembly of equilibrium networks. These networks can be seen as disordered, porous monolayers and can be of interest for instance in nano-filtration and optical applications. We investigate the formation and properties of two dimensional networks from shape anisotropic colloids functionalized with four patches. We characterize the connectivity properties, the typical local bonding motives, as well as the geometric features of the emerging networks for a large variety of different systems. Our results show that networks of shape anisotropic colloids assemble into highly versatile network topologies, that may be utilized for applications at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Karner
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Wien Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 A-1040 Wien Austria
| | - Emanuela Bianchi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Wien Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 A-1040 Wien Austria
- CNR-ISC, Uos Sapienza Piazzale A. Moro 2 00185 Roma Italy
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20
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Madanchi A, Kilgour M, Zysk F, Kühne TD, Simine L. Simulations of disordered matter in 3D with the morphological autoregressive protocol (MAP) and convolutional neural networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024101. [PMID: 38189615 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Disordered molecular systems, such as amorphous catalysts, organic thin films, electrolyte solutions, and water, are at the cutting edge of computational exploration at present. Traditional simulations of such systems at length scales relevant to experiments in practice require a compromise between model accuracy and quality of sampling. To address this problem, we have developed an approach based on generative machine learning called the Morphological Autoregressive Protocol (MAP), which provides computational access to mesoscale disordered molecular configurations at linear cost at generation for materials in which structural correlations decay sufficiently rapidly. The algorithm is implemented using an augmented PixelCNN deep learning architecture that, as we previously demonstrated, produces excellent results in 2 dimensions (2D) for mono-elemental molecular systems. Here, we extend our implementation to multi-elemental 3D and demonstrate performance using water as our test system in two scenarios: (1) liquid water and (2) samples conditioned on the presence of pre-selected motifs. We trained the model on small-scale samples of liquid water produced using path-integral molecular dynamics simulations, including nuclear quantum effects under ambient conditions. MAP-generated water configurations are shown to accurately reproduce the properties of the training set and to produce stable trajectories when used as initial conditions in quantum dynamics simulations. We expect our approach to perform equally well on other disordered molecular systems in which structural correlations decay sufficiently fast while offering unique advantages in situations when the disorder is quenched rather than equilibrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Madanchi
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Michael Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Frederik Zysk
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Thomas D Kühne
- Dynamics of Condensed Matter and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Paderborn 33098, Germany
| | - Lena Simine
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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21
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Zhang Z, Fang Z, Wu H, Zhu Y. Temperature-Dependent Paracrystalline Nucleation in Atomically Disordered Diamonds. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:312-318. [PMID: 38134308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Atomically disordered diamonds with medium-range order realized in recent experiments extend our knowledge of atomic disorder in materials. However, the current understanding of amorphous carbons cannot answer why paracrystalline diamond (p-D) can be formed inherently different from other tetrahedral amorphous carbons (ta-Cs), and the emergence of p-D seems to be easily hindered by inappropriate temperatures. Herein, we performed atomistic-based simulations to shed light on temperature-dependent paracrystalline nucleation in atomically disordered diamonds. Using metadynamics and two carefully designed collective variables, reversible phase transitions among different ta-Cs can be presented under different temperatures, evidenced by corresponding local minima on the free energy surface and reaction path along the free energy gradient. We found that p-D is preferred in a narrow range of temperatures, which is comparable to real experimental temperatures under the Arrhenius framework. The insights and related methods should open up a perspective for investigating other amorphous carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhongTing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - ZhouYu Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, 15 Beisihuan West Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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22
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Singh AK, Thakurta B, Giri A, Pal M. Wafer-scale synthesis of two-dimensional ultrathin films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:265-279. [PMID: 38087984 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, consisting of atomically thin layered crystals, have attracted tremendous interest due to their outstanding intrinsic properties and diverse applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis. The large-scale growth of high-quality ultrathin 2D films and their utilization in the facile fabrication of devices, easily adoptable in industrial applications, have been extensively sought after during the last decade; however, it remains a challenge to achieve these goals. Herein, we introduce three key concepts: (i) the microwave assisted quick (∼1 min) synthesis of wafer-scale (6-inch) anisotropic conducting ultrathin (∼1 nm) amorphous carbon and 2D semiconducting metal chalcogenide atomically thin films, (ii) a polymer-assisted deposition process for the synthesis of wafer-scale (6-inch) 2D metal chalcogenide and pyrolyzed carbon thin films, and (iii) the surface diffusion and epitaxial self-planarization induced synthesis of wafer-scale (2-inch) single crystal 2D binary and large-grain 2D ferromagnetic ternary metal chalcogenide thin films. The proposed synthesis concepts can pave a new way for the manufacture of wafer-scale high quality 2D ultrathin films and their utilization in the facile fabrication of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Baishali Thakurta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Anupam Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP 211002, India.
| | - Monalisa Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
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23
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Tian H, Yao Z, Li Z, Guo J, Liu L. Unlocking More Potentials in Two-Dimensional Space: Disorder Engineering in Two-Dimensional Amorphous Carbon. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24468-24478. [PMID: 38015075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The theory of the nature of glass has been described as the deepest but unsolved problem in solid state theory. The fundamental understanding of the structural characteristics of glassy materials and disorder-property correspondence remains incomplete due to difficulties in fully characterizing disordered structures in three-dimensional materials. Recently, two-dimensional amorphous materials were treated as an atomic-level playground to uncover previously unknown structure-property relationships in vitreous materials. Here, we summarize recent research on one prototypical material, two-dimensional amorphous carbon, including atomic structural characterizations, controllable synthesis, exotic properties, and application potentials. Fundamental discrepancies only induced by the amorphous nature, when compared with crystalline materials, will be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the restricted definition of two-dimensional amorphous carbon, existing challenges, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yun Q, Ge Y, Shi Z, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang A, Huang B, Yao Y, Luo Q, Zhai L, Ge J, Peng Y, Gong C, Zhao M, Qin Y, Ma C, Wang G, Wa Q, Zhou X, Li Z, Li S, Zhai W, Yang H, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li L, Ruan X, Wu Y, Chen B, Lu Q, Lai Z, He Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Zhang H. Recent Progress on Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
As a key structural parameter, phase depicts the arrangement of atoms in materials. Normally, a nanomaterial exists in its thermodynamically stable crystal phase. With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials with unconventional crystal phases, which rarely exist in their bulk counterparts, or amorphous phase have been prepared using carefully controlled reaction conditions. Together these methods are beginning to enable phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), i.e., the synthesis of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and the transformation between different phases, to obtain desired properties and functions. This Review summarizes the research progress in the field of PEN. First, we present representative strategies for the direct synthesis of unconventional phases and modulation of phase transformation in diverse kinds of nanomaterials. We cover the synthesis of nanomaterials ranging from metal nanostructures such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, and Ru, and their alloys; metal oxides, borides, and carbides; to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and 2D layered materials. We review synthesis and growth methods ranging from wet-chemical reduction and seed-mediated epitaxial growth to chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure phase transformation, and electron and ion-beam irradiation. After that, we summarize the significant influence of phase on the various properties of unconventional-phase nanomaterials. We also discuss the potential applications of the developed unconventional-phase nanomaterials in different areas including catalysis, electrochemical energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors), solar cells, optoelectronics, and sensing. Finally, we discuss existing challenges and future research directions in PEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering & Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinxin Luo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yongwu Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengtao Gong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiting Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yutian Qin
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingbo Wa
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xichen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lujing Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyang Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qipeng Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangchai Lai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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25
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Steele BA, Bastea S, Kuo IFW. Ab initio structural dynamics of pure and nitrogen-containing amorphous carbon. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19657. [PMID: 37951996 PMCID: PMC10640601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous carbon (a-C) has attracted considerable interest due to its desirable properties, which are strongly dependent on its structure, density and impurities. Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations we show that the sp2/sp3 content and underlying structural order of a-C produced via liquid quenching evolve at high temperatures and pressures on sub-nanosecond timescales. Graphite-like densities ([Formula: see text] 2.7 g/cc) favor the formation of layered arrangements characterized by sp2 disordered bonding resembling recently synthesized monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC), while at diamond-like densities ([Formula: see text] 3.3 g/cc) the resulting structures are dominated by disordered tetrahedral sp3 hybridization typical of diamond-like amorphous carbon (DLC). At intermediate densities the system is a highly compressible mixture of coexisting sp2 and sp3 regions that continue to segregate over 10's of picoseconds. The addition of nitrogen (20.3%) (a-CN) generates major system features similar with those of a-C, but has the unexpected effect of reinforcing the thermodynamically disfavored carbon structural motifs at low and high densities, while inhibiting phase separation in the intermediate region. At the same time, no nitrogen elimination from the carbon framework is observed above [Formula: see text] 2.8 g/cc, suggesting that nitrogen impurities are likely to remain embedded in the carbon structures during fast temperature quenches at high pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - Sorin Bastea
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California, 94550, USA.
| | - I-Feng W Kuo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California, 94550, USA
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26
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Lu J, Nieckarz D, Jiang H, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Zheng F, Rżysko W, Lisiecki J, Szabelski P, Sun Q. Order-Disorder Transition of Two-Dimensional Molecular Networks through a Stoichiometric Design. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20194-20202. [PMID: 37788293 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Materials with disordered structures may exhibit interesting properties. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid materials composed of metal nodes and coordinating organic linkers. Recently, there has been growing interest in MOFs with structural disorder and the investigations of amorphous structures on surfaces. Herein, we demonstrate a bottom-up method to construct disordered molecular networks on metal surfaces by selecting two organic molecule linkers with the same symmetry but different sizes for preparing two-component samples with different stoichiometric ratios. The amorphous networks are directly imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum with a submolecular resolution, allowing us to quantify its degree of disorder and other structural properties. Furthermore, we resort to molecular dynamics simulations to understand the formation of the amorphous metal-organic networks. The results may advance our understanding of the mechanism of formation of monolayer molecular networks with structural disorders, facilitating the design and exploration of amorphous MOF materials with intriguing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hao Jiang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Fengru Zheng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Wojciech Rżysko
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Lisiecki
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Qiang Sun
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
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27
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Dan J, Waqar M, Erofeev I, Yao K, Wang J, Pennycook SJ, Loh ND. A multiscale generative model to understand disorder in domain boundaries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj0904. [PMID: 37851810 PMCID: PMC10584341 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A continuing challenge in atomic resolution microscopy is to identify significant structural motifs and their assembly rules in synthesized materials with limited observations. Here, we propose and validate a simple and effective hybrid generative model capable of predicting unseen domain boundaries in a potassium sodium niobate thin film from only a small number of observations, without expensive first-principles calculations or atomistic simulations of domain growth. Our results demonstrate that complicated domain boundary structures spanning 1 to 100 nanometers can arise from simple interpretable local rules played out probabilistically. We also found previously unobserved, significant, tileable boundary motifs that may affect the piezoelectric response of the material system, and evidence that our system creates domain boundaries with the highest configurational entropy. More broadly, our work shows that simple yet interpretable machine learning models could pave the way to describe and understand the nature and origin of disorder in complex materials, therefore improving functional materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Dan
- NUS Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Moaz Waqar
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Ivan Erofeev
- NUS Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Kui Yao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Stephen J. Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- School of Physical Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - N. Duane Loh
- NUS Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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28
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Ilickas M, Mardosaite R, Cesano F, Cravanzola S, Barolo C, Scarano D, Viscardi G, Rackauskas S. ZnO tetrapod morphology influence on UV sensing properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:015502. [PMID: 37748455 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acfcbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate how ZnO tetrapod (ZnO-T) morphology, structure, and surface charge properties (i.e. Debye length) influence their UV sensing properties, shedding light on the underlying photoresponse mechanisms. ZnO-Ts were synthesized and centrifuged to obtain three different fractions with tuned morphology, which were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy microscopies, x-ray diffraction analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements, FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopies. ZnO-T UV sensors were fabricated and tested comparing among ZnO-T fractions and commercial ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO-T photoresponse was mostly influenced by ZnO-T leg diameter, with the optimal value close to the double Debye length. We also demonstrated how fractionating ZnO-Ts for morphology optimization can increased the responsivity by 2 orders of magnitude. Moreover, ZnO-T showed 3 orders of magnitude higher responsivity compared to commercial ZnO nanopowder. These results are beneficial for the engineering of efficient UV sensors and contribute to a deeper understanding the overall mechanism governing UV photoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Ilickas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Mardosaite
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Federico Cesano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Cravanzola
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Barolo
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Domenica Scarano
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Viscardi
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Simas Rackauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, 51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania
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29
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Kim IS, Shim CE, Kim SW, Lee CS, Kwon J, Byun KE, Jeong U. Amorphous Carbon Films for Electronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204912. [PMID: 36408886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While various crystalline carbon allotropes, including graphene, have been actively investigated, amorphous carbon (a-C) thin films have received relatively little attention. The a-C is a disordered form of carbon bonding with a broad range of the CC bond length and bond angle. Although accurate structural analysis and theoretical approaches are still insufficient, reproducible structure-property relationships have been accumulated. As the a-C thin film is now adapted as a hardmask in the semiconductor industry and new properties are reported continuously, expectations are growing that it can be practically used as active materials beyond as a simple sacrificial layer. In this perspective review article, after a brief introduction to the synthesis and properties of the a-C thin films, their potential practical applications are proposed, including hardmasks, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicles, diffusion barriers, deformable electrodes and interconnects, sensors, active layers, electrodes for energy, micro-supercapacitors, batteries, nanogenerators, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and nanomembranes. The article ends with a discussion on the technological challenges in a-C thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Eun Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kim
- New Material Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggido, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Lee
- New Material Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggido, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- New Material Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggido, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Byun
- New Material Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon-si, Gyeonggido, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Chengam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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30
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Santos EJA, Giozza WF, de Souza Júnior RT, Nepomuceno Cavalcante NJ, Ribeiro Júnior LA, Lopes Lima KA. On the CO[Formula: see text] adsorption in a boron nitride analog for the recently synthesized biphenylene network: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:327. [PMID: 37773546 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent advances in nanomaterial synthesis and characterization have led to exploring novel 2D materials. The biphenylene network (BPN) is a notable achievement in current fabrication efforts. Numerical studies have indicated the stability of its boron nitride counterpart, known as BN-BPN. In this study, we employ computational simulations to investigate the electronic and structural properties of pristine and doped BN-BPN monolayers upon CO[Formula: see text] adsorption. Our findings demonstrate that pristine BN-BPN layers exhibit moderate adsorption energies for CO[Formula: see text] molecules, approximately [Formula: see text]0.16 eV, indicating physisorption. However, introducing one-atom doping with silver, germanium, nickel, palladium, platinum, or silicon significantly enhances CO[Formula: see text] adsorption, leading to adsorption energies ranging from [Formula: see text]0.13 to [Formula: see text]0.65 eV. This enhancement indicates the presence of both physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms. BN-BPN does not show precise CO[Formula: see text] sensing and selectivity. Furthermore, our investigation of the recovery time for adsorbed CO[Formula: see text] molecules suggests that the interaction between BN-BPN and CO[Formula: see text] cannot modify the electronic properties of BN-BPN before the CO[Formula: see text] molecules escape. METHODS We performed density functional theory (DFT) simulations using the DMol3 code in the Biovia Materials Studio software. We incorporated Van der Waals corrections (DFT-D) within the Grimme scheme for an accurate representation. The exchange and correlation functions were treated using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We used a double-zeta plus polarization (DZP) basis set to describe the electronic structure. Additionally, we accounted for the basis set superposition error (BSSE) through the counterpoise method. We included semicore DFT pseudopotentials to accurately model the interactions between the nuclei and valence electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel J A Santos
- Department of Physics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64002-150, Brazil
| | - William F Giozza
- Faculty of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rafael T de Souza Júnior
- Faculty of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz A Ribeiro Júnior
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Physics, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Computational Materials Laboratory, LCCMat, Institute of Physics, University of Brasília, Brasília, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Kleuton A Lopes Lima
- Department of Physics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64002-150, Brazil
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Martins DAF, Lima KA, Monteiro FF, Pereira ML, Ribeiro LA, Macedo-Filho A. Examining O[Formula: see text] adsorption on pristine and defective popgraphene sheets: A DFT study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:328. [PMID: 37773299 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Popgraphene (PopG) is a two-dimensional carbon-based material with fused pentagonal and octagonal rings. Like graphene, it exhibits a metallic band gap and exceptional thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stability. Here, we theoretically study the electronic and structural properties of PopG monolayers, including their doped and vacancy-endowed versions, as O[Formula: see text] adsorbers. Our findings show that pristine and vacancy-endowed PopG sheets have a comparable ability to adsorb O[Formula: see text] molecules, with adsorption energies ranging from [Formula: see text]0.57 to [Formula: see text]0.59 eV (physisorption). In these cases, octagonal rings play a dominant role in the adsorption mechanism. Platinum and Silicon doping enhance the O[Formula: see text] adsorption in areas close to the octagonal rings, resulting in adsorption energies ranging from [Formula: see text]1.13 to [Formula: see text]2.56 eV (chemisorption). Furthermore, we computed the recovery time for the adsorbed O[Formula: see text] molecules. The results suggest that PopG/O[Formula: see text] interaction in pristine and vacancy-endowed cases can change the PopG electronic properties before O[Formula: see text] diffusion. METHODS Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations, with Van der Waals corrections (DFT-D, within the Grimme scheme), were performed to study the structural and electronic properties of PopG/O[Formula: see text] systems using the DMol3 code within the Biovia Materials Studio software. The exchange and correlation functions are treated within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as parameterized by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. We used the double-zeta plus polarization (DZP) for the basis set in these cases. We also considered the BSSE correction through the counterpoise method and the nuclei-valence electron interactions by including semi-core DFT pseudopotentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A F Martins
- Department of Physics, State University of Piauí, 64002-150, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kleuton A Lima
- Department of Physics, State University of Piauí, 64002-150, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Fábio F Monteiro
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Pereira
- University of Brasília, Faculty of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Luiz A Ribeiro
- Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Antonio Macedo-Filho
- Department of Physics, State University of Piauí, 64002-150, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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32
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Wang H, Du Z, Cheng Z, Cao Z, Ye Y, Wang Z, Wei J, Wei S, Meng X, Song L, Gong Y, Yang S, Guo L. Ultralow-Dielectric-Constant Atomic Layers of Amorphous Carbon Nitride Topologically Derived from MXene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301399. [PMID: 37381914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Low-dielectric-constant materials such as silicon dioxide serving as interconnect insulators in current integrated circuit face a great challenge due to their relatively high dielectric constant of ≈4, twice that of the recommended value by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems, causing severe parasitic capacitance and associated response delay. Here, novel atomic layers of amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN) are prepared via a topological conversion of MXene-Ti3 CNTx under bromine vapor. Remarkably, the assembled a-CN film exhibits an ultralow dielectric constant of 1.69 at 100 kHz, much lower than the previously reported dielectric materials such as amorphous carbon (2.2) and fluorinated-doped SiO2 (3.6), ascribed to the low density of 0.55 g cm-3 and high sp3 C level of 35.7%. Moreover, the a-CN film has a breakdown strength of 5.6 MV cm-1 , showing great potential in integrated circuit application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiguo Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zongju Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhenjiang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Juntian Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shiqiang Wei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yongji Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shubin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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33
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Sitek J, Czerniak-Łosiewicz K, Gertych AP, Giza M, Dąbrowski P, Rogala M, Wilczyński K, Kaleta A, Kret S, Conran BR, Wang X, McAleese C, Macha M, Radenović A, Zdrojek M, Pasternak I, Strupiński W. Selective Growth of van der Waals Heterostructures Enabled by Electron-Beam Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37418753 PMCID: PMC10360032 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHSs) enable the fabrication of complex electronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Ideally, these vdWHSs should be fabricated in a scalable and repeatable way and only in the specific areas of the substrate to lower the number of technological operations inducing defects and impurities. Here, we present a method of selective fabrication of vdWHSs via chemical vapor deposition by electron-beam (EB) irradiation. We distinguish two growth modes: positive (2D materials nucleate on the irradiated regions) on graphene and tungsten disulfide (WS2) substrates, and negative (2D materials do not nucleate on the irradiated regions) on the graphene substrate. The growth mode is controlled by limiting the air exposure of the irradiated substrate and the time between irradiation and growth. We conducted Raman mapping, Kelvin-probe force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density-functional theory modeling studies to investigate the selective growth mechanism. We conclude that the selective growth is explained by the competition of three effects: EB-induced defects, adsorption of carbon species, and electrostatic interaction. The method here is a critical step toward the industry-scale fabrication of 2D-materials-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sitek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
- CENTERA Laboratory, Institute for High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz P Gertych
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Giza
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Łódź, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maciej Rogala
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Łódź, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Konrad Wilczyński
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kaleta
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kret
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ben R Conran
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Road, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4FQ, U.K
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Road, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4FQ, U.K
| | - Clifford McAleese
- AIXTRON Ltd, Buckingway Business Park, Anderson Road, Swavesey, Cambridge CB24 4FQ, U.K
| | - Michał Macha
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenović
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz Zdrojek
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Pasternak
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodek Strupiński
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Birkett M, Zia AW, Devarajan DK, Panayiotidis MI, Joyce TJ, Tambuwala MM, Serrano-Aroca A. Multi-functional bioactive silver- and copper-doped diamond-like carbon coatings for medical implants. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00363-X. [PMID: 37392935 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings doped with bioactive elements of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) have been receiving increasing attention in the last decade, particularly in the last 5 years, due to their potential to offer a combination of enhanced antimicrobial and mechanical performance. These multi-functional bioactive DLC coatings offer great potential to impart the next generation of load-bearing medical implants with improved wear resistance and strong potency against microbial infections. This review begins with an overview of the status and issues with current total joint implant materials and the state-of-the art in DLC coatings and their application to medical implants. A detailed discussion of recent advances in wear resistant bioactive DLC coatings is then presented with a focus on doping the DLC matrix with controlled quantities of Ag and Cu elements. It is shown that both Ag and Cu doping can impart strong antimicrobial potency against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but this is always accompanied so far by a reduction in mechanical performance of the DLC coating matrix. The article concludes with discussion of potential synthesis methods to accurately control bioactive element doping without jeopardising mechanical properties and gives an outlook to the potential long-term impact of developing a superior multifunctional bioactive DLC coating on implant device performance and patient health and wellbeing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multi-functional diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings doped with bioactive elements of silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) offer great potential to impart the next generation of load-bearing medical implants with improved wear resistance and strong potency against microbial infections. This article provides a critical review of the state-of-the-art in Ag and Cu doped DLC coatings, beginning with an overview of the current applications of DLC coatings in implant technology followed by a detailed discussion of Ag/Cu doped DLC coatings with particular focus on the relationship between their mechanical and antimicrobial performance. Finally, it ends with a discussion on the potential long-term impact of developing a truly multifunctional ultra-hard wearing bioactive DLC coating to extend the lifetime of total joint implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Birkett
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Abdul Wasy Zia
- Institute of Mechanical, Process, and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Devarajan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600119, India
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thomas J Joyce
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Angel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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35
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Yamamoto E, Fujihara K, Takezaki Y, Ito K, Shi Y, Kobayashi M, Osada M. Free-Standing Molecularly Thin Amorphous Silica Nanosheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300022. [PMID: 36855026 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in 2D materials has initiated new fields of molecularly thin amorphous materials with mysterious properties and structures. However, designed synthesis of molecularly thin amorphous silica still remains a challenge; whether free-standing molecularly thin amorphous silica nanosheets can exist is unclear. Here, this issue is addressed by using a new chemical protocol; solid-state surfactant lamellae with ordered alkyl-chain arrangements can serve as superior templates guiding free-standing amorphous silica nanosheets. Simple sonication of the lamellar hybrids allows exfoliation into monolayer amorphous silica nanosheets with 0.9 nm thickness. In addition, the nanosheets show the distinctive feature of high colloidal stability that enables atomic layer engineering of silica nanocoatings and dielectric nanofilms. The approach may shed new light on the properties and applications of old silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujihara
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuma Takezaki
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ito
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Minoru Osada
- Department of Materials Chemistry & Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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36
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Grushin AG, Repellin C. Amorphous and Polycrystalline Routes toward a Chiral Spin Liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:186702. [PMID: 37204885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.186702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We show that a chiral spin liquid spontaneously emerges in partially amorphous, polycrystalline, or ion-irradiated Kitaev materials. In these systems, time-reversal symmetry is broken spontaneously due to a nonzero density of plaquettes with an odd number of edges n_{odd}. This mechanism opens a sizable gap, at small n_{odd} compatible with that of typical amorphous materials and polycrystals, and which can alternatively be induced by ion irradiation. We find that the gap is proportional to n_{odd}, saturating at n_{odd}∼40%. Using exact diagonalization, we find that the chiral spin liquid is approximately as stable to Heisenberg interactions as Kitaev's honeycomb spin-liquid model. Our results open up a significant number of noncrystalline systems where chiral spin liquids can emerge without external magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G Grushin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Repellin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
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37
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Kim H, Liu Y, Lu K, Chang CS, Sung D, Akl M, Qiao K, Kim KS, Park BI, Zhu M, Suh JM, Kim J, Jeong J, Baek Y, Ji YJ, Kang S, Lee S, Han NM, Kim C, Choi C, Zhang X, Choi HK, Zhang Y, Wang H, Kong L, Afeefah NN, Ansari MNM, Park J, Lee K, Yeom GY, Kim S, Hwang J, Kong J, Bae SH, Shi Y, Hong S, Kong W, Kim J. High-throughput manufacturing of epitaxial membranes from a single wafer by 2D materials-based layer transfer process. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:464-470. [PMID: 36941360 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Layer transfer techniques have been extensively explored for semiconductor device fabrication as a path to reduce costs and to form heterogeneously integrated devices. These techniques entail isolating epitaxial layers from an expensive donor wafer to form freestanding membranes. However, current layer transfer processes are still low-throughput and too expensive to be commercially suitable. Here we report a high-throughput layer transfer technique that can produce multiple compound semiconductor membranes from a single wafer. We directly grow two-dimensional (2D) materials on III-N and III-V substrates using epitaxy tools, which enables a scheme comprised of multiple alternating layers of 2D materials and epilayers that can be formed by a single growth run. Each epilayer in the multistack structure is then harvested by layer-by-layer mechanical exfoliation, producing multiple freestanding membranes from a single wafer without involving time-consuming processes such as sacrificial layer etching or wafer polishing. Moreover, atomic-precision exfoliation at the 2D interface allows for the recycling of the wafers for subsequent membrane production, with the potential for greatly reducing the manufacturing cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kim
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kuangye Lu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Celesta S Chang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dongchul Sung
- Department of Physics, Graphene Research Institute and GRI-TPC International Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marx Akl
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Kuan Qiao
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bo-In Park
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Menglin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jekyung Kim
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junseok Jeong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yongmin Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - You Jin Ji
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangho Lee
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ne Myo Han
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chansoo Kim
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chanyeol Choi
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Choi
- Department of Physics, Graphene Research Institute and GRI-TPC International Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lingping Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nordin Noor Afeefah
- Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
| | | | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Geun Young Yeom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Kim
- HMC, Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Suklyun Hong
- Department of Physics, Graphene Research Institute and GRI-TPC International Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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38
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Xiao M, Yuan G, Lu Z, Xia J, Li D, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Pei F, Chen C, Bai Y, Song T, Dou J, Li Y, Chen Y, Xu Z, Yang X, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhu C, Chen Q. Engineering Amorphous-Crystallized Interface of ZrN x Barriers for Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2301684. [PMID: 37120149 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to achieve long-term stability of perovskite solar cells due to the corrosion and diffusion of metal electrodes. Integration of compact barriers into devices has been recognized as an effective strategy to protect the perovskite absorber and electrode. However, the difficulty is to construct a thin layer of a few nanometers that can delay ion migration and impede chemical reactions simultaneously, in which the delicate microstructure design of a stable material plays an important role. Herein, ZrNx barrier films with high amorphization are introduced in p-i-nperovskite solar cells. To quantify the amorphous-crystalline (a-c) density, pattern recognition techniques are employed. It is found the decreasing a-c interface in an amorphous film leads to dense atom arrangement and uniform distribution of chemical potential, which retards the interdiffusion at the interface between ions and metal atoms and protect the electrodes from corrosion. The resultant solar cells exhibit improved operational stability, which retains 88% of initial efficiency after continuous maximum power point tracking under 1-Sun illumination at room temperature (25 °C) for 1500 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guizhou Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ziheng Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengtao Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Changli Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yujing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zipeng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zelong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Ji J, Kwak HM, Yu J, Park S, Park JH, Kim H, Kim S, Kim S, Lee DS, Kum HS. Understanding the 2D-material and substrate interaction during epitaxial growth towards successful remote epitaxy: a review. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 37115353 PMCID: PMC10147895 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Remote epitaxy, which was discovered and reported in 2017, has seen a surge of interest in recent years. Although the technology seemed to be difficult to reproduce by other labs at first, remote epitaxy has come a long way and many groups are able to consistently reproduce the results with a wide range of material systems including III-V, III-N, wide band-gap semiconductors, complex-oxides, and even elementary semiconductors such as Ge. As with any nascent technology, there are critical parameters which must be carefully studied and understood to allow wide-spread adoption of the new technology. For remote epitaxy, the critical parameters are the (1) quality of two-dimensional (2D) materials, (2) transfer or growth of 2D materials on the substrate, (3) epitaxial growth method and condition. In this review, we will give an in-depth overview of the different types of 2D materials used for remote epitaxy reported thus far, and the importance of the growth and transfer method used for the 2D materials. Then, we will introduce the various growth methods for remote epitaxy and highlight the important points in growth condition for each growth method that enables successful epitaxial growth on 2D-coated single-crystalline substrates. We hope this review will give a focused overview of the 2D-material and substrate interaction at the sample preparation stage for remote epitaxy and during growth, which have not been covered in any other review to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Ji
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoe-Min Kwak
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwnagju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jimyeong Yu
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Park
- Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokgi Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungkyu Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Seon Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwnagju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Hyun S Kum
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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40
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Liao Y, Li Z, Chen L, Croll AB, Xia W. Crumpling Defective Graphene Sheets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3637-3644. [PMID: 36898061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Upon crumpling, graphene sheets yield intriguing hierarchical structures with high resistance to compression and aggregation, garnering a great deal of attention in recent years for their remarkable potential in a variety of applications. Here, we aim to understand the effect of Stone-Wales (SW) defects, i.e., a typical topological defect of graphene, on the crumpling behavior of graphene sheets at a fundamental level. By employing atomistically informed coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations, we find that SW defects strongly influence the sheet conformation as manifested by the change in size scaling laws and weaken the self-adhesion of the sheet during the crumpling process. Remarkably, the analyses of the internal structures (i.e., local curvatures, stresses, and cross-section patterns) of crumpled graphene emphasize the enhanced mechanical heterogeneity and "glass-like" amorphous state elicited by SW defects. Our findings pave the way for understanding and exploring the tailored design of crumpled structure via defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchao Liao
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Zhaofan Li
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Andrew B Croll
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Xin X, Chen J, Ma L, Ma T, Xin W, Xu H, Ren W, Liu Y. Grain Size Engineering of CVD-Grown Large-Area Graphene Films. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300156. [PMID: 37075746 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted much attention because of its outstanding properties hold great promise for a wide range of technological applications. Large-area graphene films (GFs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are highly desirable for both investigating their intrinsic properties and realizing their practical applications. However, the presence of grain boundaries (GBs) has significant impacts on their properties and related applications. According to the different grain sizes, GFs can be divided into polycrystalline, single-crystal, and nanocrystalline films. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in engineering the grain sizes of GFs by modifying the CVD processes or developing some new growth approaches. The key strategies involve controlling the nucleation density, growth rate, and grain orientation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of grain size engineering research of GFs. The main strategies and underlying growth mechanisms of CVD-grown large-area GFs with nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, and single-crystal structures are summarized, in which the advantages and limitations are highlighted. In addition, the scaling law of physical properties in electricity, mechanics, and thermology as a function of grain sizes are briefly discussed. Finally, the perspectives for challenges and future development in this area are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Laipeng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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42
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Tian H, Ma Y, Li Z, Cheng M, Ning S, Han E, Xu M, Zhang PF, Zhao K, Li R, Zou Y, Liao P, Yu S, Li X, Wang J, Liu S, Li Y, Huang X, Yao Z, Ding D, Guo J, Huang Y, Lu J, Han Y, Wang Z, Cheng ZG, Liu J, Xu Z, Liu K, Gao P, Jiang Y, Lin L, Zhao X, Wang L, Bai X, Fu W, Wang JY, Li M, Lei T, Zhang Y, Hou Y, Pei J, Pennycook SJ, Wang E, Chen J, Zhou W, Liu L. Disorder-tuned conductivity in amorphous monolayer carbon. Nature 2023; 615:56-61. [PMID: 36859579 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Correlating atomic configurations-specifically, degree of disorder (DOD)-of an amorphous solid with properties is a long-standing riddle in materials science and condensed matter physics, owing to difficulties in determining precise atomic positions in 3D structures1-5. To this end, 2D systems provide insight to the puzzle by allowing straightforward imaging of all atoms6,7. Direct imaging of amorphous monolayer carbon (AMC) grown by laser-assisted depositions has resolved atomic configurations, supporting the modern crystallite view of vitreous solids over random network theory8. Nevertheless, a causal link between atomic-scale structures and macroscopic properties remains elusive. Here we report facile tuning of DOD and electrical conductivity in AMC films by varying growth temperatures. Specifically, the pyrolysis threshold temperature is the key to growing variable-range-hopping conductive AMC with medium-range order (MRO), whereas increasing the temperature by 25 °C results in AMC losing MRO and becoming electrically insulating, with an increase in sheet resistance of 109 times. Beyond visualizing highly distorted nanocrystallites embedded in a continuous random network, atomic-resolution electron microscopy shows the absence/presence of MRO and temperature-dependent densities of nanocrystallites, two order parameters proposed to fully describe DOD. Numerical calculations establish the conductivity diagram as a function of these two parameters, directly linking microstructures to electrical properties. Our work represents an important step towards understanding the structure-property relationship of amorphous materials at the fundamental level and paves the way to electronic devices using 2D amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhang Ma
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mouyang Cheng
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shoucong Ning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erxun Han
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingquan Xu
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexiang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - PeiChi Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shulei Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhuo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dongdong Ding
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Lu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaosheng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Gang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Junjiang Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
| | - Wangyang Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maozhi Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enge Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Tappertzhofen S, Braeuninger-Weimer P, Gumprich A, Chirca I, Potočnik T, Alexander-Webber JA, Hofmann S. Transfer-free graphene passivation of sub 100 nm thin Pt and Pt–Cu electrodes for memristive devices. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-023-05314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMemristive switches are among the most promising building blocks for future neuromorphic computing. These devices are based on a complex interplay of redox reactions on the nanoscale. Nanoionic phenomena enable non-linear and low-power resistance transition in ultra-short programming times. However, when not controlled, the same electrochemical reactions can result in device degradation and instability over time. Two-dimensional barriers have been suggested to precisely manipulate the nanoionic processes. But fabrication-friendly integration of these materials in memristive devices is challenging.Here we report on a novel process for graphene passivation of thin platinum and platinum/copper electrodes. We also studied the level of defects of graphene after deposition of selected oxides that are relevant for memristive switching.
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Yang X, Lv J, Cheng C, Shi Z, Peng J, Chen Z, Lian X, Li W, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Rümmeli MH, Dou S, Sun J. Mosaic Nanocrystalline Graphene Skin Empowers Highly Reversible Zn Metal Anodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206077. [PMID: 36470596 PMCID: PMC9896044 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a conductive carbon-based artificial interphase layer (AIL) to inhibit dendritic formation and side reaction plays a pivotal role in achieving longevous Zn anodes. Distinct from the previously reported carbonaceous overlayers with singular dopants and thick foreign coatings, a new type of N/O co-doped carbon skin with ultrathin feature (i.e., 20 nm thickness) is developed via the direct chemical vapor deposition growth over Zn foil. Throughout fine-tuning the growth conditions, mosaic nanocrystalline graphene can be obtained, which is proven crucial to enable the orientational deposition along Zn (002), thereby inducing a planar Zn texture. Moreover, the abundant heteroatoms help reduce the solvation energy and accelerate the reaction kinetics. As a result, dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and side reactions are concurrently mitigated. Symmetric cell harvests durable electrochemical cycling of 3040 h at 1.0 mA cm-2 /1.0 mAh cm-2 and 136 h at 30.0 mA cm-2 /30.0 mAh cm-2 . Assembled full battery further realizes elongated lifespans under stringent conditions of fast charging, bending operation, and low N/P ratio. This strategy opens up a new avenue for the in situ construction of conductive AIL toward pragmatic Zn anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhong Yang
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Jiaze Lv
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Cai Cheng
- School of Physics and Electronic EngineeringSichuan Normal UniversityChengdu610101P. R. China
| | - Zixiong Shi
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Center for Hybrid NanostructuresUniversität Hamburg22761HamburgGermany
| | - Ziyan Chen
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Xueyu Lian
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Zou
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene InstituteBeijing100095P. R. China
| | - Mark H. Rümmeli
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic MaterialsUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South Wales2522Australia
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of EnergySoochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationSLight Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power SourcesKey Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu ProvinceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene InstituteBeijing100095P. R. China
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Wang C, Yang D, Zhang W, Qin Y, Huang S, Liu W, Qiu X, Yi C. Explosion Strategy Engineering Oxygen-Functionalized Groups and Enlarged Interlayer Spacing of the Carbon Anode for Enhanced Lithium Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4371-4384. [PMID: 36633362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous carbon monoliths with tunable microstructures are candidate anodes for future lithium-based energy storage. Enhancing lithium storage capability and solid-state diffusion kinetics are the precondition for practical applications. Transforming intrinsic oxygen-rich defects into active sites and engineering enlarged interlayer spacing are of great importance. Herein, a novel explosion strategy is designed based on oxalate pyrolysis producing CO and CO2 to successfully prepare lignin-derived carbon monolith (LSCM) with active carbonyl (C═O) groups and enlarged interlayer spacing. Explosion promotes the demethylation of methoxyl groups and cleavage of carboxyl groups to form C═O groups. CO2 etches carbon atoms in a short time to improve the heteroatom level, expanding the interlayer spacing. ZnC2O4 is decomposed at 400 °C, simultaneously producing CO and CO2, which constructs less C═O groups and large interlayer spacing. MgC2O4 is decomposed at 450 and 480 °C, staged-weakly producing CO and CO2, which constructs more C═O groups and larger interlayer spacing. CaC2O4 is decomposed at 480 and 700 °C, staged-uniformly producing CO and CO2, which constructs abundant C═O groups and largest interlayer spacing. The LSCM prepared by staged-uniform explosion exhibits high lithium storage capacity, superior rate capability, and cycling performance. The assembled lithium ion capacitor device achieves excellent energy/power densities of 78 Wh kg-1/100 W kg-1 and superior durability (capacitance retention of 8 4.6% after 20,000 cycles). This work gives a novel insight to engineer advanced oxygen-functionalized carbons for enhanced lithium storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, Jieyang522000, China
| | - Yanlin Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, Jieyang522000, China
| | - Si Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou510006, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, Jieyang522000, China
| | - Conghua Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou510641, China
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46
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Carbon-based nanozymes: Design, catalytic mechanism, and bioapplication. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Yang SJ, Choi MY, Kim CJ. Engineering Grain Boundaries in Two-Dimensional Electronic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203425. [PMID: 35777352 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the boundary structures in 2D materials provides an unprecedented opportunity to program the physical properties of the materials with extensive tunability and realize innovative devices with advanced functionalities. However, structural engineering technology is still in its infancy, and creating artificial boundary structures with high reproducibility remains difficult. In this review, various emergent properties of 2D materials with different grain boundaries, and the current techniques to control the structures, are introduced. The remaining challenges for scalable and reproducible structure control and the outlook on the future directions of the related techniques are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Yang
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yeong Choi
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Joo Kim
- Center for Epitaxial van der Waals Quantum Solids, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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48
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Leist C, He M, Liu X, Kaiser U, Qi H. Deep-Learning Pipeline for Statistical Quantification of Amorphous Two-Dimensional Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20488-20496. [PMID: 36484533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy enables imaging of two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic resolution. However, dissecting the short-range-ordered structures in radiation-sensitive and amorphous 2D materials remains a significant challenge due to low atomic contrast and laborious manual evaluation. Here, we imaged carbon-based 2D materials with strong contrast, which is enabled by chromatic and spherical aberration correction at a low acceleration voltage. By constructing a deep-learning pipeline, atomic registry in amorphous 2D materials can be precisely determined, providing access to a full spectrum of quantitative data sets, including bond length/angle distribution, pair distribution function, and real-space polygon mapping. Accurate segmentation of micropores and surface contamination, together with robustness against background inhomogeneity, guaranteed the quantification validity in complex experimental images. The automated image analysis provides quantitative metrics with high efficiency and throughput, which may shed light on the structural understanding of short-range-ordered structures. In addition, the convolutional neural network can be readily generalized to crystalline materials, allowing for automatic defect identification and strain mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Leist
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Meng He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, 710065Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Materials Science Electron Microscopy, Universität Ulm, 89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
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49
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Yu L, Xu J, Peng B, Qin G, Su G. Anisotropic Optical, Mechanical, and Thermoelectric Properties of Two-Dimensional Fullerene Networks. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11622-11629. [PMID: 36484710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoclusters like fullerenes as the unit to build intriguing two-dimensional (2D) topological structures is of great challenge. Here we propose three bridged fullerene monolayers and comprehensively investigate the novel fullerene monolayer (α-C60-2D) as synthesized experimentally [Hou et al. Nature 2022, 606, 507-510] by state-of-the-art first-principles calculations. Our results show that α-C60-2D has a direct band gap of 1.55 eV close to the experimental value, an optical linear dichroism with strong absorption in the long-wave ultraviolet region, a small anisotropic Young's modulus, a large hole mobility, and an ultrahigh Seebeck coefficient at middle-low temperatures. It is unveiled that the anisotropic optical, mechanical, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of α-C60-2D originate from the asymmetric bridging arrangements between C60 clusters. Our study promises potential applications of monolayer fullerene networks in lots of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Gang Su
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences and CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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50
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El-Machachi Z, Wilson M, Deringer VL. Exploring the configurational space of amorphous graphene with machine-learned atomic energies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13720-13731. [PMID: 36544732 PMCID: PMC9710228 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04326b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended amorphous carbon ("amorphous graphene") is a prototype system for disorder in 2D, showing a rich and complex configurational space that is yet to be fully understood. Here we explore the nature of amorphous graphene with an atomistic machine-learning (ML) model. We create structural models by introducing defects into ordered graphene through Monte-Carlo bond switching, defining acceptance criteria using the machine-learned local, atomic energies associated with a defect, as well as the nearest-neighbor (NN) environments. We find that physically meaningful structural models arise from ML atomic energies in this way, ranging from continuous random networks to paracrystalline structures. Our results show that ML atomic energies can be used to guide Monte-Carlo structural searches in principle, and that their predictions of local stability can be linked to short- and medium-range order in amorphous graphene. We expect that the former point will be relevant more generally to the study of amorphous materials, and that the latter has wider implications for the interpretation of ML potential models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariya El-Machachi
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QRUK
| | - Mark Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QZUK
| | - Volker L. Deringer
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of OxfordOxford OX1 3QRUK
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