1
|
Keeley O, Coyne AN. Nuclear and degradative functions of the ESCRT-III pathway: implications for neurodegenerative disease. Nucleus 2024; 15:2349085. [PMID: 38700207 PMCID: PMC11073439 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2349085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The ESCRT machinery plays a pivotal role in membrane-remodeling events across multiple cellular processes including nuclear envelope repair and reformation, nuclear pore complex surveillance, endolysosomal trafficking, and neuronal pruning. Alterations in ESCRT-III functionality have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In addition, mutations in specific ESCRT-III proteins have been identified in FTD/ALS. Thus, understanding how disruptions in the fundamental functions of this pathway and its individual protein components in the human central nervous system (CNS) may offer valuable insights into mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and identification of potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss ESCRT components, dynamics, and functions, with a focus on the ESCRT-III pathway. In addition, we explore the implications of altered ESCRT-III function for neurodegeneration with a primary emphasis on nuclear surveillance and endolysosomal trafficking within the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Keeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa N. Coyne
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fare CM, Rothstein JD. Nuclear pore dysfunction and disease: a complex opportunity. Nucleus 2024; 15:2314297. [PMID: 38383349 PMCID: PMC10883112 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The separation of genetic material from bulk cytoplasm has enabled the evolution of increasingly complex organisms, allowing for the development of sophisticated forms of life. However, this complexity has created new categories of dysfunction, including those related to the movement of material between cellular compartments. In eukaryotic cells, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is a fundamental biological process, and cumulative disruptions to nuclear integrity and nucleocytoplasmic transport are detrimental to cell survival. This is particularly true in post-mitotic neurons, where nuclear pore injury and errors to nucleocytoplasmic trafficking are strongly associated with neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of nuclear pore biology in physiological and pathological contexts and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for addressing nuclear pore injury and dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nijs M, Van Damme P. The genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:560-569. [PMID: 38967083 PMCID: PMC11377058 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has a strong genetic basis, but the genetic landscape of ALS appears to be complex. The purpose of this article is to review recent developments in the genetics of ALS. RECENT FINDINGS Large-scale genetic studies have uncovered more than 40 genes contributing to ALS susceptibility. Both rare variants with variable effect size and more common variants with small effect size have been identified. The most common ALS genes are C9orf72 , SOD1 , TARDBP and FUS . Some of the causative genes of ALS are shared with frontotemporal dementia, confirming the molecular link between both diseases. Access to diagnostic gene testing for ALS has to improve, as effective gene silencing therapies for some genetic subtypes of ALS are emerging, but there is no consensus about which genes to test for. SUMMARY Our knowledge about the genetic basis of ALS has improved and the first effective gene silencing therapies for specific genetic subtypes of ALS are underway. These therapeutic advances underline the need for better access to gene testing for people with ALS. Further research is needed to further map the genetic heterogeneity of ALS and to establish the best strategy for gene testing in a clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nijs
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Leuven Brain Institute, University of Leuven (KU Leuven)
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farrell K, Humphrey J, Chang T, Zhao Y, Leung YY, Kuksa PP, Patil V, Lee WP, Kuzma AB, Valladares O, Cantwell LB, Wang H, Ravi A, De Sanctis C, Han N, Christie TD, Afzal R, Kandoi S, Whitney K, Krassner MM, Ressler H, Kim S, Dangoor D, Iida MA, Casella A, Walker RH, Nirenberg MJ, Renton AE, Babrowicz B, Coppola G, Raj T, Höglinger GU, Müller U, Golbe LI, Morris HR, Hardy J, Revesz T, Warner TT, Jaunmuktane Z, Mok KY, Rademakers R, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Wang LS, Goate A, Schellenberg G, Geschwind DH, Crary JF, Naj A. Genetic, transcriptomic, histological, and biochemical analysis of progressive supranuclear palsy implicates glial activation and novel risk genes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7880. [PMID: 39251599 PMCID: PMC11385559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a rare Parkinsonian disorder, is characterized by problems with movement, balance, and cognition. PSP differs from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases, displaying abnormal microtubule-associated protein tau by both neuronal and glial cell pathologies. Genetic contributors may mediate these differences; however, the genetics of PSP remain underexplored. Here we conduct the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PSP which includes 2779 cases (2595 neuropathologically-confirmed) and 5584 controls and identify six independent PSP susceptibility loci with genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10-8) associations, including five known (MAPT, MOBP, STX6, RUNX2, SLCO1A2) and one novel locus (C4A). Integration with cell type-specific epigenomic annotations reveal an oligodendrocytic signature that might distinguish PSP from AD and Parkinson's disease in subsequent studies. Candidate PSP risk gene prioritization using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) identifies oligodendrocyte-specific effects on gene expression in half of the genome-wide significant loci, and an association with C4A expression in brain tissue, which may be driven by increased C4A copy number. Finally, histological studies demonstrate tau aggregates in oligodendrocytes that colocalize with C4 (complement) deposition. Integrating GWAS with functional studies, epigenomic and eQTL analyses, we identify potential causal roles for variation in MOBP, STX6, RUNX2, SLCO1A2, and C4A in PSP pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Farrell
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Chang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pavel P Kuksa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vishakha Patil
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashvin Ravi
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia De Sanctis
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Han
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas D Christie
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robina Afzal
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shrishtee Kandoi
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen Whitney
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret M Krassner
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hadley Ressler
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - SoongHo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diana Dangoor
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan A Iida
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Casella
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa J Nirenberg
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan E Renton
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bergan Babrowicz
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Lawrence I Golbe
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Huw R Morris
- Institute of Human Genetics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- CurePSP, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom T Warner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Institute of Human Genetics, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kin Y Mok
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- CurePSP, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, London, UK
| | - Owen A Ross
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, London, UK
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuropathology Brain Bank & Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Adam Naj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang J, Li Y, Li H, Zhang H, Guo H, Zheng X, Yu XF, Wei W. HIV-1 Vpu induces neurotoxicity by promoting Caspase 3-dependent cleavage of TDP-43. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00238-y. [PMID: 39242776 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in controlling the incidence and mortality of AIDS, effective interventions for HIV-1-induced neurological damage and cognitive impairment remain elusive. In this study, we found that HIV-1 infection can induce proteolytic cleavage and aberrant aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a pathological protein associated with various severe neurological disorders. The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu was found to be responsible for the cleavage of TDP-43, as ectopic expression of Vpu alone was sufficient to induce TDP-43 cleavage, whereas HIV-1 lacking Vpu failed to cleave TDP-43. Mechanistically, the cleavage of TDP-43 at Asp89 by HIV-1 relies on Vpu-mediated activation of Caspase 3, and pharmacological inhibition of Caspase 3 activity effectively suppressed the HIV-1-induced aggregation and neurotoxicity of TDP-43. Overall, these results suggest that TDP-43 is a conserved host target of HIV-1 Vpu and provide evidence for the involvement of TDP-43 dysregulation in the neural pathogenesis of HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huili Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haichen Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pasquini L, Pereira FL, Seddighi S, Zeng Y, Wei Y, Illán-Gala I, Vatsavayai SC, Friedberg A, Lee AJ, Brown JA, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Sirkis DW, Bonham LW, Yokoyama JS, Boxer AL, Kramer JH, Rosen HJ, Humphrey J, Gitler AD, Miller BL, Pollard KS, Ward ME, Seeley WW. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration targets brain regions linked to expression of recently evolved genes. Brain 2024; 147:3032-3047. [PMID: 38940350 PMCID: PMC11370792 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), pathological protein aggregation in specific brain regions is associated with declines in human-specialized social-emotional and language functions. In most patients, disease protein aggregates contain either TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) or tau (FTLD-tau). Here, we explored whether FTLD-associated regional degeneration patterns relate to regional gene expression of human accelerated regions (HARs), conserved sequences that have undergone positive selection during recent human evolution. To this end, we used structural neuroimaging from patients with FTLD and human brain regional transcriptomic data from controls to identify genes expressed in FTLD-targeted brain regions. We then integrated primate comparative genomic data to test our hypothesis that FTLD targets brain regions linked to expression levels of recently evolved genes. In addition, we asked whether genes whose expression correlates with FTLD atrophy are enriched for genes that undergo cryptic splicing when TDP-43 function is impaired. We found that FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau subtypes target brain regions with overlapping and distinct gene expression correlates, highlighting many genes linked to neuromodulatory functions. FTLD atrophy-correlated genes were strongly enriched for HARs. Atrophy-correlated genes in FTLD-TDP showed greater overlap with TDP-43 cryptic splicing genes and genes with more numerous TDP-43 binding sites compared with atrophy-correlated genes in FTLD-tau. Cryptic splicing genes were enriched for HAR genes, and vice versa, but this effect was due to the confounding influence of gene length. Analyses performed at the individual-patient level revealed that the expression of HAR genes and cryptically spliced genes within putative regions of disease onset differed across FTLD-TDP subtypes. Overall, our findings suggest that FTLD targets brain regions that have undergone recent evolutionary specialization and provide intriguing potential leads regarding the transcriptomic basis for selective vulnerability in distinct FTLD molecular-anatomical subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pasquini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscape, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Felipe L Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sahba Seddighi
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Neurogenetics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yongbin Wei
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 X9W9, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08041, Spain
| | - Sarat C Vatsavayai
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adit Friedberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 X9W9, Ireland
| | - Alex J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jesse A Brown
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel W Sirkis
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Bakar Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Neurogenetics Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Casiraghi V, Milone I, Brusati A, Peverelli S, Doretti A, Poletti B, Maderna L, Morelli C, Ticozzi N, Silani V, Verde F, Ratti A. Quantification of serum TDP-43 and neurofilament light chain in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis stratified by UNC13A genotype. J Neurol Sci 2024; 466:123210. [PMID: 39241471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative condition affecting upper and/or lower motor neurons and characterized neuropathologically by TDP-43 proteinopathy. Given its role in ALS pathobiology, it is currently under debate whether TDP-43 might represent a suitable ALS biomarker to be measured in patients' biofluids. The rs12608932 A > C single nucleotide polymorphism in the UNC13A gene is a risk factor for ALS and patients homozygous for the high-risk C allele display a higher burden of TDP-43 neuropathology than homozygotes for the low-risk A allele, although the association with TDP-43 levels in biofluids has never been evaluated. In this study, we measured serum levels of TDP-43 and neurofilament light chain (NFL) by Simoa technology in a cohort of 69 ALS patients stratified according to the UNC13A rs12608932 genotype compared to 43 neurologically healthy controls. By multiple linear regression analysis, serum TDP-43 was significantly elevated in ALS patients compared to controls, with UNC13A AA and AC, but not CC, ALS patients showing higher serum TDP-43 levels than controls. We also confirmed that serum NFL concentration was increased in ALS patients, without any correlation with the UNC13A genotype. Our results indicate that serum TDP-43 is higher in ALS patients compared to controls and that, in contrast to NFL, this increase is specifically associated with the UNC13A rs12608932 AA and AC genotypes, but not with the high-risk CC genotype. Studies in larger cohorts will be needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the biological link between serum TDP-43 levels and UNC13A genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Casiraghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Milone
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Brusati
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Peverelli
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Doretti
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Maderna
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Morelli
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy; "Dino Ferrari" Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy; "Dino Ferrari" Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy; "Dino Ferrari" Center, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy; Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giudice J, Jiang H. Splicing regulation through biomolecular condensates and membraneless organelles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:683-700. [PMID: 38773325 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates, sometimes also known as membraneless organelles (MLOs), can form through weak multivalent intermolecular interactions of proteins and nucleic acids, a process often associated with liquid-liquid phase separation. Biomolecular condensates are emerging as sites and regulatory platforms of vital cellular functions, including transcription and RNA processing. In the first part of this Review, we comprehensively discuss how alternative splicing regulates the formation and properties of condensates, and conversely the roles of biomolecular condensates in splicing regulation. In the second part, we focus on the spatial connection between splicing regulation and nuclear MLOs such as transcriptional condensates, splicing condensates and nuclear speckles. We then discuss key studies showing how splicing regulation through biomolecular condensates is implicated in human pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases, different types of cancer, developmental disorders and cardiomyopathies, and conclude with a discussion of outstanding questions pertaining to the roles of condensates and MLOs in splicing regulation and how to experimentally study them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Giudice
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martinek V, Martin J, Belair C, Payea M, Malla S, Alexiou P, Maragkakis M. Deep learning and direct sequencing of labeled RNA captures transcriptome dynamics. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae116. [PMID: 39211330 PMCID: PMC11358824 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, genes produce a variety of distinct RNA isoforms, each with potentially unique protein products, coding potential or regulatory signals such as poly(A) tail and nucleotide modifications. Assessing the kinetics of RNA isoform metabolism, such as transcription and decay rates, is essential for unraveling gene regulation. However, it is currently impeded by lack of methods that can differentiate between individual isoforms. Here, we introduce RNAkinet, a deep convolutional and recurrent neural network, to detect nascent RNA molecules following metabolic labeling with the nucleoside analog 5-ethynyl uridine and long-read, direct RNA sequencing with nanopores. RNAkinet processes electrical signals from nanopore sequencing directly and distinguishes nascent from pre-existing RNA molecules. Our results show that RNAkinet prediction performance generalizes in various cell types and organisms and can be used to quantify RNA isoform half-lives. RNAkinet is expected to enable the identification of the kinetic parameters of RNA isoforms and to facilitate studies of RNA metabolism and the regulatory elements that influence it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vlastimil Martinek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica Martin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cedric Belair
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Matthew J Payea
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sulochan Malla
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Panagiotis Alexiou
- Centre for Molecular Medicine & Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Manolis Maragkakis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thompson EG, Spead O, Akerman SC, Curcio C, Zaepfel BL, Kent ER, Philips T, Vijayakumar BG, Zacco A, Zhou W, Nagappan G, Rothstein JD. A robust evaluation of TDP-43, poly GP, cellular pathology and behavior in a AAV-C9ORF72 (G 4C 2) 66 mouse model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.27.607409. [PMID: 39253499 PMCID: PMC11383318 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.27.607409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the major genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9-ALS/FTD). Despite considerable efforts, the development of mouse models of C9-ALS/FTD useful for therapeutic development has proven challenging due to the intricate interplay of genetic and molecular factors underlying this neurodegenerative disorder, in addition to species differences. This study presents a robust investigation of the cellular pathophysiology and behavioral outcomes in a previously described AAV mouse model of C9-ALS expressing 66 G4C2 hexanucleotide repeats. Despite displaying key molecular ALS pathological markers including RNA foci, dipeptide repeat (DPR) protein aggregation, p62 positive stress granule formation as well as mild gliosis, the AAV-(G4C2)66 mouse model in this study exhibits negligible neuronal loss, no motor deficits, and functionally unimpaired TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). While our findings indicate and support that this is a robust and pharmacologically tractable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of (G4C2) repeat driven DPR pathology, it is not suitable for investigating the development of disease associated neurodegeneration, TDP-43 dysfunction, gliosis, and motor performance. Our findings underscore the complexity of ALS pathogenesis involving genetic mutations and protein dysregulation and highlight the need for more comprehensive model systems that reliably replicate the multifaceted cellular and behavioral aspects of C9-ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Thompson
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Olivia Spead
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - S Can Akerman
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Carrie Curcio
- Glaxo Smith Kline Research and Development, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Benjamin L Zaepfel
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Erica R Kent
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Philips
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Balaji G Vijayakumar
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna Zacco
- Glaxo Smith Kline Research and Development, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Weibo Zhou
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Guhan Nagappan
- Glaxo Smith Kline Research and Development, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bai D, Deng F, Jia Q, Ou K, Wang X, Hou J, Zhu L, Guo M, Yang S, Jiang G, Li S, Li XJ, Yin P. Pathogenic TDP-43 accelerates the generation of toxic exon1 HTT in Huntington's disease knock-in mice. Aging Cell 2024:e14325. [PMID: 39185703 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon1 of the HTT gene that encodes a polyglutamine tract in huntingtin protein. The formation of HTT exon1 fragments with an expanded polyglutamine repeat has been implicated as a key step in the pathogenesis of HD. It was reported that the CAG repeat length-dependent aberrant splicing of exon1 HTT results in a short polyadenylated mRNA that is translated into an exon1 HTT protein. Under normal conditions, TDP-43 is predominantly found in the nucleus, where it regulates gene expression. However, in various pathological conditions, TDP-43 is mislocalized in the cytoplasm. By investigating HD knock-in mice, we explore whether the pathogenic TDP-43 in the cytoplasm contributes to HD pathogenesis, through expressing the cytoplasmic TDP-43 without nuclear localization signal. We found that the cytoplasmic TDP-43 is increased in the HD mouse brain and that its mislocalization could deteriorate the motor and gait behavior. Importantly, the cytoplasmic TDP-43, via its binding to the intron1 sequence (GU/UG)n of the mouse Htt pre-mRNA, promotes the transport of exon1-intron1 Htt onto ribosome, resulting in the aberrant generation of exon1 Htt. Our findings suggest that cytoplasmic TDP-43 contributes to HD pathogenesis via its binding to and transport of nuclear un-spliced mRNA to the ribosome for the generation of a toxic protein product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen Testing Center of Medical Devices, In Vitro Diagnostic Reagents Testing Department, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaili Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Su Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Erwin AL, Chang ML, Fernandez MG, Attili D, Russ JE, Sutanto R, Pinarbasi ES, Bekier M, Brant TS, Hahn T, Dykstra M, Thomas D, Li X, Baldridge RD, Tank EMH, Barmada SJ, Mosalaganti S. Molecular Visualization of Neuronal TDP43 Pathology In Situ. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.608477. [PMID: 39229019 PMCID: PMC11370468 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.608477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear exclusion and cytoplasmic accumulation of the RNA-binding protein TDP43 are characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Despite this, the origin and ultrastructure of cytosolic TDP43 deposits remain unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal RNA homeostasis can drive pathological TDP43 mislocalization, enhancing RNA misprocessing due to loss of nuclear TDP43 and engendering a cycle that ends in cell death. Here, we show that adding small monovalent oligonucleotides successfully recapitulates pathological TDP43 mislocalization and aggregation in iPSC-derived neurons (iNeurons). By employing a multimodal in situ cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy pipeline, we examine how RNA influences the localization and aggregation of TDP43 in near-native conditions. We find that mislocalized TDP43 forms ordered fibrils within lysosomes and autophagosomes in iNeurons as well as in patient tissue, and provide the first high-resolution snapshots of TDP43 aggregates in situ. In so doing, we provide a cellular model for studying initial pathogenic events underlying ALS, FTLD, and related TDP43-proteinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Erwin
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Matthew L Chang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Martin G Fernandez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Biophysics, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Durga Attili
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer E Russ
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Renaldo Sutanto
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Emile S Pinarbasi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Michael Bekier
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Tyler S Brant
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Terry Hahn
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Megan Dykstra
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Ryan D Baldridge
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Elizabeth M H Tank
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Shyamal Mosalaganti
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
- Department of Biophysics, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, 48109, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang M, Zhang J, Sheng W, Wu W, Du X, Li Q. A variant in long noncoding RNA NORSF affects granulosa cells response to transcription factor RFX7. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31414. [PMID: 39155648 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
NORSF is a nuclear long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that contributes to the follicular atresia and restrains 17β-estradiol (E2) release by granulosa cells (GCs). Importantly, it is also a potential candidate gene in the quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for sow fertility traits. We identified NORSF as a candidate (causal) gene affecting sow fertility traits. A novel G-A variant was discovered at -478 nt of the NORSF promoter and termed as g.-478G>A. Association analysis revealed that this variant was associated with sow fertility traits (e.g., the total number of piglets born, the total number of piglets born alive, and the number of healthy piglets). Mechanistically, the g.-478G>A variant reduced the binding activity of the NORSF promoter to its transcription activator regulatory factor X7 (RFX7), leading to decreased NORSF promoter activity and transcription levels in sow GCs (sGCs), and weakened inhibitory effects on the transcription of CYP19A1, which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for E2 synthesis and E2 release by sGCs. In addition, RFX7 is transcriptionally activated by P53, which restrains E2 release from sGCs via the RFX7/NORSF/CYP19A1 pathway. These findings indicate that the lncRNA NORSF is a causal gene in QTLs for sow fertility traits and define the P53/NORSF/CYP19A1 pathway as a new signaling pathway affecting sow reproduction, which provides a new target for improving female fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenmin Sheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rot G, Wehling A, Schmucki R, Berntenis N, Zhang JD, Ebeling M. splicekit: an integrative toolkit for splicing analysis from short-read RNA-seq. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2024; 4:vbae121. [PMID: 39219843 PMCID: PMC11364168 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbae121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Motivation Analysis of alternative splicing using short-read RNA-seq data is a complex process that involves several steps: alignment of reads to the reference genome, identification of alternatively spliced features, motif discovery, analysis of RNA-protein binding near donor and acceptor splice sites, and exploratory data visualization. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no integrative open-source software dedicated to this task. Results Here, we introduce splicekit, a Python package that provides and integrates a set of existing and novel splicing analysis tools for conducting splicing analysis. Availability and implementation The software splicekit is open-source and available at Github (https://github.com/bedapub/splicekit) and via the Python Package Index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Rot
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arne Wehling
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Schmucki
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Berntenis
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jitao David Zhang
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Ebeling
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Codron P, Millecamps S, Corcia P. EVolution in ALS diagnosis: molecular markers in extracellular vesicles. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00192-8. [PMID: 39069396 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a central issue in disease research. In a recent article, Chatterjee et al. show that blood extracellular vesicles (EVs) with high levels of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) accurately discriminate patients with ALS from controls and correlate with disease severity, providing a promising biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Codron
- Centre de Référence sur la SLA d'Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France; University of Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute , ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre de Référence sur la SLA de Tours, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang WP, Ellis BCS, Hodgson RE, Sanchez Avila A, Kumar V, Rayment J, Moll T, Shelkovnikova TA. Stress-induced TDP-43 nuclear condensation causes splicing loss of function and STMN2 depletion. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114421. [PMID: 38941189 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 protein is dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases, which often have a multifactorial nature and may have extrinsic stressors as a "second hit." TDP-43 undergoes reversible nuclear condensation in stressed cells including neurons. Here, we demonstrate that stress-inducible nuclear TDP-43 condensates are RNA-depleted, non-liquid assemblies distinct from the known nuclear bodies. Their formation requires TDP-43 oligomerization and ATP and is inhibited by RNA. Using a confocal nanoscanning assay, we find that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked mutations alter stress-induced TDP-43 condensation by changing its affinity to liquid-like ribonucleoprotein assemblies. Stress-induced nuclear condensation transiently inactivates TDP-43, leading to loss of interaction with its protein binding partners and loss of function in splicing. Splicing changes are especially prominent and persisting for STMN2 RNA, and STMN2 protein becomes rapidly depleted early during stress. Our results point to early pathological changes to TDP-43 in the nucleus and support therapeutic modulation of stress response in ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ping Huang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Brittany C S Ellis
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachel E Hodgson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anna Sanchez Avila
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vedanth Kumar
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica Rayment
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tobias Moll
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tatyana A Shelkovnikova
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience and Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tilliole P, Fix S, Godin JD. hnRNPs: roles in neurodevelopment and implication for brain disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1411639. [PMID: 39086926 PMCID: PMC11288931 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1411639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) constitute a family of multifunctional RNA-binding proteins able to process nuclear pre-mRNAs into mature mRNAs and regulate gene expression in multiple ways. They comprise at least 20 different members in mammals, named from A (HNRNP A1) to U (HNRNP U). Many of these proteins are components of the spliceosome complex and can modulate alternative splicing in a tissue-specific manner. Notably, while genes encoding hnRNPs exhibit ubiquitous expression, increasing evidence associate these proteins to various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, microcephaly, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or dementias, highlighting their crucial role in the central nervous system. This review explores the evolution of the hnRNPs family, highlighting the emergence of numerous new members within this family, and sheds light on their implications for brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Tilliole
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simon Fix
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette D. Godin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Koike Y. Abnormal Splicing Events due to Loss of Nuclear Function of TDP-43: Pathophysiology and Perspectives. JMA J 2024; 7:313-318. [PMID: 39114608 PMCID: PMC11301021 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2024-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative diseases with a progressive and fatal course. They are often comorbid and share the same molecular spectrum. Their key pathological features are the formation of the aggregation of TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein, in the cytoplasm and its depletion from the nucleus in the central nervous system. In the nucleus, TDP-43 regulates several aspects of RNA metabolism, ranging from RNA transcription and alternative splicing to RNA transport. Suppressing the aberrant splicing events during RNA processing is one of the significant functions of TDP-43. This function is impaired when TDP-43 becomes depleted from the nucleus. Several critical cryptic splicing targets of TDP-43 have recently emerged, such as STMN2, UNC13A, and others. UNC13A is an important ALS/FTD risk gene, and the genetic variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms, cause disease via the increased susceptibility for cryptic exon inclusion under the TDP-43 dysfunction. Moreover, TDP-43 has an autoregulatory mechanism that regulates the splicing of its mRNA (TARDBP mRNA) in the healthy state. This study provides recent findings on the splicing regulatory function of TDP-43 and discusses the prospects of using these aberrant splicing events as efficient biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Koike
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xie L, Merjane J, Bergmann CA, Xu J, Hurtle B, Donnelly CJ. CUTS RNA Biosensor for the Real-Time Detection of TDP-43 Loss-of-Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603231. [PMID: 39026766 PMCID: PMC11257528 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Given the mounting evidence implicating TDP-43 dysfunction in several neurodegenerative diseases, there is a pressing need to establish accessible tools to sense and quantify TDP-43 loss-of-function (LOF). These tools are crucial for assessing potential disease contributors and exploring therapeutic candidates in TDP-43 proteinopathies. Here, we develop a sensitive and accurate real-time sensor for TDP-43 LOF: the CUTS (CFTR UNC13A TDP-43 Loss-of-Function) system. This system combines previously reported cryptic exons regulated by TDP-43 with a reporter, enabling the tracking of TDP-43 LOF through live microscopy and RNA/protein-based assays. We demonstrate CUTS' effectiveness in detecting LOF caused by TDP-43 mislocalization and RNA binding dysfunction, and pathological aggregation. Our results highlight the sensitivity and accuracy of the CUTS system in detecting and quantifying TDP-43 LOF, opening avenues to explore unknown TDP-43 interactions that regulate its function. In addition, by replacing the fluorescent tag in the CUTS system with the coding sequence for TDP-43, we show significant recovery of its function under TDP-43 LOF conditions, highlighting CUTS' potential for self-regulating gene therapy applications. In summary, CUTS represents a versatile platform for evaluating TDP-43 LOF in real-time and advancing gene-replacement therapies in neurodegenerative diseases associated with TDP-43 dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longxin Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, China
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Merjane
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cristian A Bergmann
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Graduate Program Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan Hurtle
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Graduate Program Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Clayton EL, Huggon L, Cousin MA, Mizielinska S. Synaptopathy: presynaptic convergence in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:2289-2307. [PMID: 38451707 PMCID: PMC11224618 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are common forms of neurodegenerative disease that share overlapping genetics and pathologies. Crucially, no significantly disease-modifying treatments are available for either disease. Identifying the earliest changes that initiate neuronal dysfunction is important for designing effective intervention therapeutics. The genes mutated in genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have diverse cellular functions, and multiple disease mechanisms have been proposed for both. Identification of a convergent disease mechanism in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis would focus research for a targetable pathway, which could potentially effectively treat all forms of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (both familial and sporadic). Synaptopathies are diseases resulting from physiological dysfunction of synapses, and define the earliest stages in multiple neuronal diseases, with synapse loss a key feature in dementia. At the presynapse, the process of synaptic vesicle recruitment, fusion and recycling is necessary for activity-dependent neurotransmitter release. The unique distal location of the presynaptic terminal means the tight spatio-temporal control of presynaptic homeostasis is dependent on efficient local protein translation and degradation. Recently, numerous publications have shown that mutations associated with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis present with synaptopathy characterized by presynaptic dysfunction. This review will describe the complex local signalling and membrane trafficking events that occur at the presynapse to facilitate neurotransmission and will summarize recent publications linking frontotemporal dementia/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetic mutations to presynaptic function. This evidence indicates that presynaptic synaptopathy is an early and convergent event in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and illustrates the need for further research in this area, to identify potential therapeutic targets with the ability to impact this convergent pathomechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Clayton
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Laura Huggon
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sarah Mizielinska
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dykstra MM, Weskamp K, Gómez NB, Waksmacki J, Tank E, Glineburg MR, Snyder A, Pinarbasi E, Bekier M, Li X, Bai J, Shahzad S, Nedumaran J, Wieland C, Stewart C, Willey S, Grotewold N, McBride J, Moran JJ, Suryakumar AV, Lucas M, Tessier P, Ward M, Todd P, Barmada SJ. TDP43 autoregulation gives rise to shortened isoforms that are tightly controlled by both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601776. [PMID: 39005384 PMCID: PMC11244999 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The nuclear RNA-binding protein TDP43 is integrally involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Previous studies uncovered N-terminal TDP43 isoforms that are predominantly cytosolic in localization, highly prone to aggregation, and enriched in susceptible spinal motor neurons. In healthy cells, however, these shortened (s)TDP43 isoforms are difficult to detect in comparison to full-length (fl)TDP43, raising questions regarding their origin and selective regulation. Here, we show that sTDP43 is created as a byproduct of TDP43 autoregulation and cleared by nonsense mediated RNA decay (NMD). The sTDP43-encoding transcripts that escape NMD can lead to toxicity but are rapidly degraded post-translationally. Circumventing these regulatory mechanisms by overexpressing sTDP43 results in neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo via N-terminal oligomerization and impairment of flTDP43 splicing activity, in addition to RNA binding-dependent gain-of-function toxicity. Collectively, these studies highlight endogenous mechanisms that tightly regulate sTDP43 expression and provide insight into the consequences of aberrant sTDP43 accumulation in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Dykstra
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kaitlin Weskamp
- Chemistry Department, Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, NE
| | - Nicolás B. Gómez
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jacob Waksmacki
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Elizabeth Tank
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M. Rebecca Glineburg
- Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA
| | | | - Emile Pinarbasi
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael Bekier
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xingli Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jen Bai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Juno Nedumaran
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Clare Wieland
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Corey Stewart
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sydney Willey
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nikolas Grotewold
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathon McBride
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - John J. Moran
- Atlanta Pediatric Research Alliance, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Michael Lucas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter Tessier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Peter Todd
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sami J. Barmada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marriott H, Spargo TP, Al Khleifat A, Andersen PM, Başak NA, Cooper‐Knock J, Corcia P, Couratier P, de Carvalho M, Drory V, Gotkine M, Landers JE, McLaughlin R, Pardina JSM, Morrison KE, Pinto S, Shaw CE, Shaw PJ, Silani V, Ticozzi N, van Damme P, van den Berg LH, Vourc'h P, Weber M, Veldink JH, Dobson RJ, Schwab P, Al‐Chalabi A, Iacoangeli A. Mutations in the tail and rod domains of the neurofilament heavy-chain gene increase the risk of ALS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:1775-1786. [PMID: 38775181 PMCID: PMC11251467 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurofilament heavy-chain gene (NEFH) variants are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, however, their relationship with ALS has not been robustly explored. Still, NEFH is commonly included in genetic screening panels worldwide. We therefore aimed to determine if NEFH variants modify ALS risk. METHODS Genetic data of 11,130 people with ALS and 7,416 controls from the literature and Project MinE were analysed. We performed meta-analyses of published case-control studies reporting NEFH variants, and variant analysis of NEFH in Project MinE whole-genome sequencing data. RESULTS Fixed-effects meta-analysis found that rare (MAF <1%) missense variants in the tail domain of NEFH increase ALS risk (OR 4.55, 95% CI 2.13-9.71, p < 0.0001). In Project MinE, ultrarare NEFH variants increased ALS risk (OR 1.37 95% CI 1.14-1.63, p = 0.0007), with rod domain variants (mostly intronic) appearing to drive the association (OR 1.45 95% CI 1.18-1.77, pMadsen-Browning = 0.0007, pSKAT-O = 0.003). While in the tail domain, ultrarare (MAF <0.1%) pathogenic missense variants were also associated with higher risk of ALS (OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.86-4.37, pMadsen-Browning = 0.039), supporting the meta-analysis results. Finally, several tail in-frame deletions were also found to affect disease risk, however, both protective and pathogenic deletions were found in this domain, highlighting an intricate architecture that requires further investigation. INTERPRETATION We showed that NEFH tail missense and in-frame deletion variants, and intronic rod variants are risk factors for ALS. However, they are not variants of large effect, and their functional impact needs to be clarified in further studies. Therefore, their inclusion in routine genetic screening panels should be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Marriott
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
| | - Thomas P. Spargo
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
| | - Ahmad Al Khleifat
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Clinical ScienceUmeå UniversityUmeåSE‐901 85Sweden
| | - Nazli A. Başak
- Translational Medicine Research Center, NDAL, School of MedicineKoc UniversityIstanbul34450Turkey
| | - Johnathan Cooper‐Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2HQUK
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, Université de Tours, InsermTours37044France
- Centre de référence sur la SLA, CHU de ToursTours37044France
| | - Philippe Couratier
- Centre de référence sur la SLA, CHRU de LimogesLimogesFrance
- UMR 1094, Université de Limoges, InsermLimoges87025France
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Vivian Drory
- Department of NeurologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CentreTel‐Aviv64239Israel
- Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐Aviv6997801Israel
| | - Marc Gotkine
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem91904Israel
- Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of NeurologyHadassah Medical CenterJerusalem91120Israel
| | - John E. Landers
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts01655USA
| | - Russell McLaughlin
- Complex Trait Genomics LaboratorySmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College DublinDublinD02 PN40Ireland
| | | | - Karen E. Morrison
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT9 7BLUK
| | - Susana Pinto
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1649‐028Portugal
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2HQUK
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology‐Stroke Unit and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIstituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCSMilan20149Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” CenterUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilan20122Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology‐Stroke Unit and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIstituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCSMilan20149Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” CenterUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilan20122Italy
| | - Philip van Damme
- Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)Leuven3000Belgium
- VIB, Center for Brain and Disease ResearchLeuven3000Belgium
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuven3000Belgium
| | - Leonard H. van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical CenterUtrecht3584 CXNetherlands
| | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253, Université de Tours, InsermTours37044France
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie molécularie, CHU de ToursTours37044France
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS ClinicKantonsspital St. GallenSt. Gallen9007Switzerland
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain CenterUniversity Medical CenterUtrecht3584 CXNetherlands
| | - Richard J. Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College LondonLondonNW1 2DAUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Patrick Schwab
- GlaxoSmithKline, Artificial Intelligence and Machine LearningLondonUK
| | - Ammar Al‐Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
- King's College HospitalLondonSE5 9RSUK
| | - Alfredo Iacoangeli
- Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceMaurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonSE5 8AFUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baghel MS, Burns GD, Tsapatsis M, Mallika AP, Cruz ALF, Cao T, Chen XK, Rosa IDL, Marx SR, Ye Y, Sun S, Li T, Wong PC. Depletion of TDP-43 exacerbates tauopathy-dependent brain atrophy by sensitizing vulnerable neurons to caspase 3-mediated endoproteolysis of tau in a mouse model of Multiple Etiology Dementia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.26.600814. [PMID: 38979270 PMCID: PMC11230425 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.26.600814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
TDP-43 proteinopathy, initially disclosed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), coexists with tauopathy in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, termed multiple etiology dementias (MEDs), including Alzheimer's Disease (AD). While such co-pathology of TDP-43 is strongly associated with worsened neurodegeneration and steeper cognitive decline, the pathogenic mechanism underlying the exacerbated neuron loss remains elusive. The loss of TDP-43 splicing repression that occurs in presymptomatic ALS-FTD individuals suggests that such early loss could facilitate the pathological conversion of tau to accelerate neuron loss. Here, we report that the loss of TDP-43 repression of cryptic exons in forebrain neurons (CaMKII-CreER;Tardbp f/f mice) is necessary to exacerbate tauopathy-dependent brain atrophy by sensitizing vulnerable neurons to caspase 3-dependent cleavage of endogenous tau to promote tauopathy. Corroborating this finding within the human context, we demonstrate that loss of TDP-43 function in iPSC-derived cortical neurons promotes early cryptic exon inclusion and subsequent caspase 3-mediated endoproteolysis of tau. Using a genetic approach to seed tauopathy in CaMKII-CreER;Tardbp f/f mice by expressing a four-repeat microtubule binding domain of human tau, we show that the amount of tau seed positively correlates with levels of caspase 3-cleaved tau. Importantly, we found that the vulnerability of hippocampal neurons to TDP-43 depletion is dependent on the amount of caspase 3-cleaved tau: from most vulnerable neurons in the CA2/3, followed by those in the dentate gyrus, to the least in CA1. Taken together, our findings strongly support the view that TDP-43 loss-of-function exacerbates tauopathy-dependent brain atrophy by increasing the sensitivity of vulnerable neurons to caspase 3-mediated endoproteolysis of tau, resulting in a greater degree of neurodegeneration in human disorders with co-pathologies of tau and TDP-43. Our work thus discloses novel mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets for human tauopathies harboring co-pathology of TDP-43 and provides a new MED model for testing therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghraj S Baghel
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Grace D Burns
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Margarita Tsapatsis
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aswathy Peethambaran Mallika
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes F Cruz
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaoke K Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabel De La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaelyn R Marx
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 558, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pottier C, Küçükali F, Baker M, Batzler A, Jenkins GD, van Blitterswijk M, Vicente CT, De Coster W, Wynants S, Van de Walle P, Ross OA, Murray ME, Faura J, Haggarty SJ, van Rooij JG, Mol MO, Hsiung GYR, Graff C, Öijerstedt L, Neumann M, Asmann Y, McDonnell SK, Baheti S, Josephs KA, Whitwell JL, Bieniek KF, Forsberg L, Heuer H, Lago AL, Geier EG, Yokoyama JS, Oddi AP, Flanagan M, Mao Q, Hodges JR, Kwok JB, Domoto-Reilly K, Synofzik M, Wilke C, Onyike C, Dickerson BC, Evers BM, Dugger BN, Munoz DG, Keith J, Zinman L, Rogaeva E, Suh E, Gefen T, Geula C, Weintraub S, Diehl-Schmid J, Farlow MR, Edbauer D, Woodruff BK, Caselli RJ, Donker Kaat LL, Huey ED, Reiman EM, Mead S, King A, Roeber S, Nana AL, Ertekin-Taner N, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Petrucelli L, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Ramos EM, Grinberg LT, Gorno Tempini ML, Rosen HJ, Spina S, Piguet O, Grossman M, Trojanowski JQ, Keene DC, Lee-Way J, Prudlo J, Geschwind DH, Rissman RA, Cruchaga C, Ghetti B, Halliday GM, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Arzberger T, Herms J, Boxer AL, Honig LS, Vonsattel JP, Lopez OL, Kofler J, White CL, Gearing M, Glass J, Rohrer JD, Irwin DJ, Lee EB, Van Deerlin V, Castellani R, Mesulam MM, Tartaglia MC, Finger EC, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Miller BL, Seelaar H, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Mackenzie IR, van Swieten JC, Seeley WW, Sleegers K, Dickson DW, Biernacka JM, Rademakers R. Deciphering Distinct Genetic Risk Factors for FTLD-TDP Pathological Subtypes via Whole-Genome Sequencing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.24.24309088. [PMID: 38978643 PMCID: PMC11230325 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.24309088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with neuronal inclusions of the TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (FTLD-TDP) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with only a limited number of risk loci identified. We report our comprehensive genome-wide association study as part of the International FTLD-TDP Whole-Genome Sequencing Consortium, including 985 cases and 3,153 controls, and meta-analysis with the Dementia-seq cohort, compiled from 26 institutions/brain banks in the United States, Europe and Australia. We confirm UNC13A as the strongest overall FTLD-TDP risk factor and identify TNIP1 as a novel FTLD-TDP risk factor. In subgroup analyses, we further identify for the first time genome-wide significant loci specific to each of the three main FTLD-TDP pathological subtypes (A, B and C), as well as enrichment of risk loci in distinct tissues, brain regions, and neuronal subtypes, suggesting distinct disease aetiologies in each of the subtypes. Rare variant analysis confirmed TBK1 and identified VIPR1 , RBPJL , and L3MBTL1 as novel subtype specific FTLD-TDP risk genes, further highlighting the role of innate and adaptive immunity and notch signalling pathway in FTLD-TDP, with potential diagnostic and novel therapeutic implications.
Collapse
|
25
|
Keuss MJ, Harley P, Ryadnov E, Jackson RE, Zanovello M, Wilkins OG, Barattucci S, Mehta PR, Oliveira MG, Parkes JE, Sinha A, Correa-Sánchez AF, Oliver PL, Fisher EM, Schiavo G, Shah M, Burrone J, Fratta P. Loss of TDP-43 induces synaptic dysfunction that is rescued by UNC13A splice-switching ASOs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599684. [PMID: 38979232 PMCID: PMC11230273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
TDP-43 loss of function induces multiple splicing changes, including a cryptic exon in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration risk gene UNC13A, leading to nonsense-mediated decay of UNC13A transcripts and loss of protein. UNC13A is an active zone protein with an integral role in coordinating pre-synaptic function. Here, we show TDP-43 depletion induces a severe reduction in synaptic transmission, leading to an asynchronous pattern of network activity. We demonstrate that these deficits are largely driven by a single cryptic exon in UNC13A. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the UNC13A cryptic exon robustly rescue UNC13A protein levels and restore normal synaptic function, providing a potential new therapeutic approach for ALS and other TDP-43-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Keuss
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Peter Harley
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eugeni Ryadnov
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rachel E. Jackson
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London; London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matteo Zanovello
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Oscar G. Wilkins
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute; London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Simone Barattucci
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Puja R. Mehta
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Marcio G. Oliveira
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London; London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Aparna Sinha
- Nucleic Acid Therapy Accelerator; Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | | | - Peter L. Oliver
- Nucleic Acid Therapy Accelerator; Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Elizabeth M.C. Fisher
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mala Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London; London, WC1N 4AX, UK
| | - Juan Burrone
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London; London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre and Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute; London, NW1 1AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Carmen-Orozco RP, Tsao W, Ye Y, Sinha IR, Chang K, Trinh VT, Chung W, Bowden K, Troncoso JC, Blackshaw S, Hayes LR, Sun S, Wong PC, Ling JP. Elevated nuclear TDP-43 induces constitutive exon skipping. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:45. [PMID: 38853250 PMCID: PMC11163724 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoplasmic inclusions and loss of nuclear TDP-43 are key pathological features found in several neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms of disease. To study gain-of-function, TDP-43 overexpression has been used to generate in vitro and in vivo model systems. METHODS We analyzed RNA-seq datasets from mouse and human neurons overexpressing TDP-43 to explore species specific splicing patterns. We explored the dynamics between TDP-43 levels and exon repression in vitro. Furthermore we analyzed human brain samples and publicly available RNA datasets to explore the relationship between exon repression and disease. RESULTS Our study shows that excessive levels of nuclear TDP-43 protein lead to constitutive exon skipping that is largely species-specific. Furthermore, while aberrant exon skipping is detected in some human brains, it is not correlated with disease, unlike the incorporation of cryptic exons that occurs after loss of TDP-43. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the need for caution in interpreting TDP-43 overexpression data and stress the importance of controlling for exon skipping when generating models of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogger P Carmen-Orozco
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William Tsao
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yingzhi Ye
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Irika R Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Koping Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vickie T Trinh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - William Chung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyra Bowden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lindsey R Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shuying Sun
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mora S, Stuckert A, von Huth Friis R, Pietersz K, Noes-Holt G, Montañana-Rosell R, Wang H, Sørensen AT, Selvan R, Verhaagen J, Allodi I. Stabilization of V1 interneuron-motor neuron connectivity ameliorates motor phenotype in a mouse model of ALS. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4867. [PMID: 38849367 PMCID: PMC11161600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of connectivity between spinal V1 inhibitory interneurons and motor neurons is found early in disease in the SOD1G93A mice. Such changes in premotor inputs can contribute to homeostatic imbalance of motor neurons. Here, we show that the Extended Synaptotagmin 1 (Esyt1) presynaptic organizer is downregulated in V1 interneurons. V1 restricted overexpression of Esyt1 rescues inhibitory synapses, increases motor neuron survival, and ameliorates motor phenotypes. Two gene therapy approaches overexpressing ESYT1 were investigated; one for local intraspinal delivery, and the other for systemic administration using an AAV-PHP.eB vector delivered intravenously. Improvement of motor functions is observed in both approaches, however systemic administration appears to significantly reduce onset of motor impairment in the SOD1G93A mice in absence of side effects. Altogether, we show that stabilization of V1 synapses by ESYT1 overexpression has the potential to improve motor functions in ALS, demonstrating that interneurons can be a target to attenuate ALS symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Mora
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Anna Stuckert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Kimberly Pietersz
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gith Noes-Holt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Raghavendra Selvan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilary Allodi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park S, Park SK, Liebman SW. Expression of Wild-Type and Mutant Human TDP-43 in Yeast Inhibits TOROID (TORC1 Organized in Inhibited Domain) Formation and Autophagy Proportionally to the Levels of TDP-43 Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6258. [PMID: 38892445 PMCID: PMC11172667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 forms aggregates in the neurons of patients with several neurodegenerative diseases. Human TDP-43 also aggregates and is toxic in yeast. Here, we used a yeast model to investigate (1) the nature of TDP-43 aggregates and (2) the mechanism of TDP-43 toxicity. Thioflavin T, which stains amyloid but not wild-type TDP-43 aggregates, also did not stain mutant TDP-43 aggregates made from TDP-43 with intragenic mutations that increase or decrease its toxicity. However, 1,6-hexanediol, which dissolves liquid droplets, dissolved wild-type or mutant TDP-43 aggregates. To investigate the mechanism of TDP-43 toxicity, the effects of TDP-43 mutations on the autophagy of the GFP-ATG8 reporter were examined. Mutations in TDP-43 that enhance its toxicity, but not mutations that reduce its toxicity, caused a larger reduction in autophagy. TOROID formation, which enhances autophagy, was scored as GFP-TOR1 aggregation. TDP-43 inhibited TOROID formation. TORC1 bound to both toxic and non-toxic TDP-43, and to TDP-43, with reduced toxicity due to pbp1Δ. However, extragenic modifiers and TDP-43 mutants that reduced TDP-43 toxicity, but not TDP-43 mutants that enhanced toxicity, restored TOROID formation. This is consistent with the hypothesis that TDP-43 is toxic in yeast because it reduces TOROID formation, causing the inhibition of autophagy. Whether TDP-43 exerts a similar effect in higher cells remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan W. Liebman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
König LE, Rodriguez S, Hug C, Daneshvari S, Chung A, Bradshaw GA, Sahin A, Zhou G, Eisert RJ, Piccioni F, Das S, Kalocsay M, Sokolov A, Sorger P, Root DE, Albers MW. TYK2 as a novel therapeutic target in Alzheimer's Disease with TDP-43 inclusions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.595773. [PMID: 38895380 PMCID: PMC11185596 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.595773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD)1,2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)3, raising the possibility of common therapeutic targets. We previously established that cytoplasmic double-stranded RNA (cdsRNA) is spatially coincident with cytoplasmic pTDP-43 inclusions in neurons of patients with C9ORF72-mediated ALS4. CdsRNA triggers a type-I interferon (IFN-I)-based innate immune response in human neural cells, resulting in their death4. Here, we report that cdsRNA is also spatially coincident with pTDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions in brain cells of patients with AD pathology and that type-I interferon response genes are significantly upregulated in brain regions affected by AD. We updated our machine-learning pipeline DRIAD-SP (Drug Repurposing In Alzheimer's Disease with Systems Pharmacology) to incorporate cryptic exon (CE) detection as a proxy of pTDP-43 inclusions and demonstrated that the FDA-approved JAK inhibitors baricitinib and ruxolitinib that block interferon signaling show a protective signal only in cortical brain regions expressing multiple CEs. Furthermore, the JAK family member TYK2 was a top hit in a CRISPR screen of cdsRNA-mediated death in differentiated human neural cells. The selective TYK2 inhibitor deucravacitinib, an FDA-approved drug for psoriasis, rescued toxicity elicited by cdsRNA. Finally, we identified CCL2, CXCL10, and IL-6 as candidate predictive biomarkers for cdsRNA-related neurodegenerative diseases. Together, we find parallel neuroinflammatory mechanisms between TDP-43 associated-AD and ALS and nominate TYK2 as a possible disease-modifying target of these incurable neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. König
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Steve Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Clemens Hug
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shayda Daneshvari
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexander Chung
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Gary A. Bradshaw
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Asli Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - George Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robyn J. Eisert
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street,
Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marian Kalocsay
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Artem Sokolov
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E. Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 75 Ames Street,
Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mark W. Albers
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in
Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Armenise 132, 200 Longwood Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
114 16 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang S, Xu R. The Current Potential Pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04269-3. [PMID: 38829511 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the affected motor neurons. At present, the accurate pathogenesis of ALS remains unclear and there are still no effective treatment measures for ALS. The potential pathogenesis of ALS mainly includes the misfolding of some pathogenic proteins, the genetic variation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy disorders, neuroinflammation, the misregulation of RNA, the altered axonal transport, and gut microbial dysbiosis. Exploring the pathogenesis of ALS is a critical step in searching for the effective therapeutic approaches. The current studies suggested that the genetic variation, gut microbial dysbiosis, the activation of glial cells, and the transportation disorder of extracellular vesicles may play some important roles in the pathogenesis of ALS. This review conducts a systematic review of these current potential promising topics closely related to the pathogenesis of ALS; it aims to provide some new evidences and clues for searching the novel treatment measures of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Center South University, Jiangxi Hospital. No. 152 of Aiguo Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Center South University, Jiangxi Hospital. No. 152 of Aiguo Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cauchi RJ. SCFD1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: reconciling a genetic association with in vivo functional analysis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1201-1202. [PMID: 37905864 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben J Cauchi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Biomedical Sciences Building; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Costantino I, Meng A, Ravits J. Alternatively spliced ELAVL3 cryptic exon 4a causes ELAVL3 downregulation in ALS TDP-43 proteinopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:93. [PMID: 38814471 PMCID: PMC11139733 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Costantino
- Department of Neurosciences, ALS Translational Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex Meng
- Department of Neurosciences, ALS Translational Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, ALS Translational Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Koopman M, Güngördü L, Janssen L, Seinstra RI, Richmond JE, Okerlund N, Wardenaar R, Islam P, Hogewerf W, Brown AEX, Jorgensen EM, Nollen EAA. Rebalancing the motor circuit restores movement in a Caenorhabditis elegans model for TDP-43 toxicity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114204. [PMID: 38748878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be caused by abnormal accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in the cytoplasm of neurons. Here, we use a C. elegans model for TDP-43-induced toxicity to identify the biological mechanisms that lead to disease-related phenotypes. By applying deep behavioral phenotyping and subsequent dissection of the neuromuscular circuit, we show that TDP-43 worms have profound defects in GABA neurons. Moreover, acetylcholine neurons appear functionally silenced. Enhancing functional output of repressed acetylcholine neurons at the level of, among others, G-protein-coupled receptors restores neurotransmission, but inefficiently rescues locomotion. Rebalancing the excitatory-to-inhibitory ratio in the neuromuscular system by simultaneous stimulation of the affected GABA- and acetylcholine neurons, however, not only synergizes the effects of boosting individual neurotransmitter systems, but instantaneously improves movement. Our results suggest that interventions accounting for the altered connectome may be more efficient in restoring motor function than those solely focusing on diseased neuron populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Koopman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lale Güngördü
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leen Janssen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renée I Seinstra
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janet E Richmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Nathan Okerlund
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and School of Biological Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Priota Islam
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wytse Hogewerf
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre E X Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Erik M Jorgensen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and School of Biological Science, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ellen A A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Van Es MA. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; clinical features, differential diagnosis and pathology. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:1-47. [PMID: 38802173 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of both upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN). ALS forms a clinical continuum with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in which there are progressive language deficits or behavioral changes. The genetics and pathology underlying both ALS and FTD overlap as well, with cytoplasmatic misvocalization of TDP-43 as the hallmark. ALS is diagnosed by exclusion. Over the years several diagnostic criteria have been proposed, which in essence all require a history of slowly progressive motor symptoms, with UMN and LMN signs on neurological examination, clear spread of symptoms through the body, the exclusion of other disorder that cause similar symptoms and an EMG that it is compatible with LMN loss. ALS is heterogeneous disorder that may present in multitude ways, which makes the diagnosis challenging. Therefore, a systematic approach in the diagnostic process is required in line with the most common presentations. Subsequently, assessing whether there are cognitive and/or behavioral changes within the spectrum of FTD and lastly determining the cause is genetic. This chapter, an outline on how to navigate this 3 step process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Malaspina A. Use of biomarkers in clinical trials and future developments that will help identify novel biomarkers. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:171-207. [PMID: 38802175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Engineering new solutions for therapeutic benefit in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has proved a difficult task to accomplish. This is largely the reflection of complexities at multiple levels, that require solutions to improve cost-effectiveness and outcomes. The main obstacle related to the condition's clinical heterogeneity, chiefly the broad difference in survival observed among ALS patients, imposes large populations studies and long follow-up to evaluate any efficacy. The emerging solution is composite clinical and biological parameters enabling prognostic stratification into homogeneous phenotypes for more affordable studies. From a therapeutic development perspective, the choice of a medicinal product requires the availability of treatment-specific biomarkers of target engagement to identify off-target effects based on the compound's putative modality of action. More importantly, there are no established biomarkers of treatment response that can complement clinical outcome measures and support futility and end of treatment analyses of efficacy. Ultimately the onus rests on the development of biomarkers encompassing the unmet needs of clinical trial design, from inclusion to efficacy. These readouts of the pathological process may be used in combination with clinical and paraclinical outcome measured, significantly reducing the time and financial burden of clinical studies. Progress towards a biomarker-driven clinical trial design in ALS has been possible thanks to the accurate detection of neurofilaments and of other immunological mediators in biological fluids with the disease progression, a step change enabling the testing of novel therapeutic agents in a new clinical trial setting. However, further progress remains to be made to find treatment specific target engagement biomarkers along with readouts of treatment response that can be reliably applied to all emerging therapies and clinical studies. Here we will cover the basic notions of biomarker development in ALS clinical trials, the most crucial unanswered questions and the unmet needs in the ALS biomarkers space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malaspina
- Professor of Neurology, Queen Square MND Centre, Instute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Al-Chalabi A, Andrews J, Farhan S. Recent advances in the genetics of familial and sporadic ALS. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:49-74. [PMID: 38802182 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ALS shows complex genetic inheritance patterns. In about 5% to 10% of cases, there is a family history of ALS or a related condition such as frontotemporal dementia in a first or second degree relative, and for about 80% of such people a pathogenic gene variant can be identified. Such variants are also seen in people with no family history because of factor influencing the expression of genes, such as age. Genetic susceptibility factors also contribute to risk, and the heritability of ALS is between 40% and 60%. The genetic variants influencing ALS risk include single base changes, repeat expansions, copy number variants, and others. Here we review what is known of the genetic landscape and architecture of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jinsy Andrews
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sali Farhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nguyen L. Updates on Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutics for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2024; 13:888. [PMID: 38891021 PMCID: PMC11172142 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a motor neuron disease. In ALS, upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord progressively degenerate during the course of the disease, leading to the loss of the voluntary movement of the arms and legs. Since its first description in 1869 by a French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, the scientific discoveries on ALS have increased our understanding of ALS genetics, pathology and mechanisms and provided novel therapeutic strategies. The goal of this review article is to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent findings on ALS mechanisms and related therapeutic strategies to the scientific audience. Several highlighted ALS research topics discussed in this article include the 2023 FDA approved drug for SOD1 ALS, the updated C9orf72 GGGGCC repeat-expansion-related mechanisms and therapeutic targets, TDP-43-mediated cryptic splicing and disease markers and diagnostic and therapeutic options offered by these recent discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Center for NeuroGenetics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Provasek VE, Bacolla A, Rangaswamy S, Mitra J, Kodavati M, Yusuf IO, Malojirao VH, Vasquez V, Britz GW, Li GM, Xu Z, Mitra S, Garruto RM, Tainer JA, Hegde ML. RNA/DNA Binding Protein TDP43 Regulates DNA Mismatch Repair Genes with Implications for Genome Stability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594552. [PMID: 38798341 PMCID: PMC11118483 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
TDP43 is an RNA/DNA binding protein increasingly recognized for its role in neurodegenerative conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). As characterized by its aberrant nuclear export and cytoplasmic aggregation, TDP43 proteinopathy is a hallmark feature in over 95% of ALS/FTD cases, leading to the formation of detrimental cytosolic aggregates and a reduction in nuclear functionality within neurons. Building on our prior work linking TDP43 proteinopathy to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neurons, the present investigation uncovers a novel regulatory relationship between TDP43 and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene expressions. Here, we show that TDP43 depletion or overexpression directly affects the expression of key MMR genes. Alterations include MLH1, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, and PMS2 levels across various primary cell lines, independent of their proliferative status. Our results specifically establish that TDP43 selectively influences the expression of MLH1 and MSH6 by influencing their alternative transcript splicing patterns and stability. We furthermore find aberrant MMR gene expression is linked to TDP43 proteinopathy in two distinct ALS mouse models and post-mortem brain and spinal cord tissues of ALS patients. Notably, MMR depletion resulted in the partial rescue of TDP43 proteinopathy-induced DNA damage and signaling. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA cancer database reveals significant associations between TDP43 expression, MMR gene expression, and mutational burden across multiple cancers. Collectively, our findings implicate TDP43 as a critical regulator of the MMR pathway and unveil its broad impact on the etiology of both neurodegenerative and neoplastic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E Provasek
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suganya Rangaswamy
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manohar Kodavati
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Issa O Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Vikas H Malojirao
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gavin W Britz
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guo-Min Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zuoshang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ralph M Garruto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Division of DNA Repair Research within the Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Koike Y. Molecular mechanisms linking loss of TDP-43 function to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia-related genes. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00063-4. [PMID: 38723906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43). TDP-43 plays a key role in regulating the splicing of numerous genes, including TARDBP. This review aims to delineate two aspects of ALS/FTD pathogenesis associated with TDP-43 function. First, we provide novel mechanistic insights into the splicing of UNC13A, a TDP-43 target gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in UNC13A are the most common risk factors for ALS/FTD. We found that TDP-43 represses "cryptic exon" inclusion during UNC13A RNA splicing. A risk-associated SNP in this exon results in increased RNA levels of UNC13A retaining the cryptic exon. Second, we described the perturbation of the TDP-43 autoregulatory mechanism caused by age-related DNA demethylation. Aging is a major risk factor for sporadic ALS/FTD. Typically, TDP-43 levels are regulated via alternative splicing of TARDBP mRNA. We hypothesized that TARDBP methylation is altered by aging, thereby disrupting TDP-43 autoregulation. We found that demethylation reduces the efficiency of alternative splicing and increases TARDBP mRNA levels. Moreover, we demonstrated that, with aging, this region is demethylated in the human motor cortex and is associated with the early onset of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Koike
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xin J, Huang S, Wen J, Li Y, Li A, Satyanarayanan SK, Yao X, Su H. Drug Screening and Validation Targeting TDP-43 Proteinopathy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0440. [PMID: 38739934 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) stands as a rare, yet severely debilitating disorder marked by the deterioration of motor neurons (MNs) within the brain and spinal cord, which is accompanied by degenerated corticobulbar/corticospinal tracts and denervation in skeletal muscles. Despite ongoing research efforts, ALS remains incurable, attributed to its intricate pathogenic mechanisms. A notable feature in the pathology of ALS is the prevalence of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy, detected in approximately 97% of ALS cases, underscoring its significance in the disease's progression. As a result, strategies targeting the aberrant TDP-43 protein have garnered attention as a potential avenue for ALS therapy. This review delves into the existing drug screening systems aimed at TDP-43 proteinopathy and the models employed for drug efficacy validation. It also explores the hurdles encountered in the quest to develop potent medications against TDP-43 proteinopathy, offering insights into the intricacies of drug discovery and development for ALS. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review sheds light on the critical aspects of identifying and advancing therapeutic solutions for ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Sen Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yunhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases; National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Salzinger A, Ramesh V, Das Sharma S, Chandran S, Thangaraj Selvaraj B. Neuronal Circuit Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2024; 13:792. [PMID: 38786016 PMCID: PMC11120636 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary neural circuit affected in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients is the corticospinal motor circuit, originating in upper motor neurons (UMNs) in the cerebral motor cortex which descend to synapse with the lower motor neurons (LMNs) in the spinal cord to ultimately innervate the skeletal muscle. Perturbation of these neural circuits and consequent loss of both UMNs and LMNs, leading to muscle wastage and impaired movement, is the key pathophysiology observed. Despite decades of research, we are still lacking in ALS disease-modifying treatments. In this review, we document the current research from patient studies, rodent models, and human stem cell models in understanding the mechanisms of corticomotor circuit dysfunction and its implication in ALS. We summarize the current knowledge about cortical UMN dysfunction and degeneration, altered excitability in LMNs, neuromuscular junction degeneration, and the non-cell autonomous role of glial cells in motor circuit dysfunction in relation to ALS. We further highlight the advances in human stem cell technology to model the complex neural circuitry and how these can aid in future studies to better understand the mechanisms of neural circuit dysfunction underpinning ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salzinger
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Vidya Ramesh
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Shreya Das Sharma
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic (ARRNC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Bhuvaneish Thangaraj Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (A.S.); (V.R.); (S.D.S.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic (ARRNC), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zibold J, Lessard LER, Picard F, da Silva LG, Zadorozhna Y, Streichenberger N, Belotti E, Osseni A, Emerit A, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Michel-Calemard L, Menassa R, Coudert L, Wiessner M, Stucka R, Klopstock T, Simonetti F, Hutten S, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Strom TM, Bernard E, Ollagnon E, Urtizberea A, Dormann D, Petiot P, Schaeffer L, Senderek J, Leblanc P. The new missense G376V-TDP-43 variant induces late-onset distal myopathy but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:1768-1783. [PMID: 38079474 PMCID: PMC11068115 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43)-positive inclusions in neurons are a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases including familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) caused by pathogenic TARDBP variants as well as more common non-Mendelian sporadic ALS (sALS). Here we report a G376V-TDP-43 missense variant in the C-terminal prion-like domain of the protein in two French families affected by an autosomal dominant myopathy but not fulfilling diagnostic criteria for ALS. Patients from both families presented with progressive weakness and atrophy of distal muscles, starting in their fifth to seventh decade. Muscle biopsies revealed a degenerative myopathy characterized by accumulation of rimmed (autophagic) vacuoles, disruption of sarcomere integrity and severe myofibrillar disorganization. The G376V variant altered a highly conserved amino acid residue and was absent in databases on human genome variation. Variant pathogenicity was supported by in silico analyses and functional studies. The G376V mutant increased the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 condensates in cell culture models, promoted assembly into high molecular weight oligomers and aggregates in vitro, and altered morphology of TDP-43 condensates arising from phase separation. Moreover, the variant led to the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 condensates in patient-derived myoblasts and induced abnormal mRNA splicing in patient muscle tissue. The identification of individuals with TDP-43-related myopathy, but not ALS, implies that TARDBP missense variants may have more pleiotropic effects than previously anticipated and support a primary role for TDP-43 in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We propose to include TARDBP screening in the genetic work-up of patients with late-onset distal myopathy. Further research is warranted to examine the precise pathogenic mechanisms of TARDBP variants causing either a neurodegenerative or myopathic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zibold
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lola E R Lessard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Electroneuromyographie et de pathologies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Flavien Picard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lara Gruijs da Silva
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU BioCenter, Department Biology II Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yelyzaveta Zadorozhna
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme (IPP) of the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Département d’Anatomo-Pathologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Edwige Belotti
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Osseni
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Andréa Emerit
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurence Michel-Calemard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Rita Menassa
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Coudert
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Manuela Wiessner
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Stucka
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Site, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Simonetti
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU BioCenter, Department Biology II Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Site, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia Hutten
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Electroneuromyographie et de pathologies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Elisabeth Ollagnon
- Service de Génétique, Neurogénétique et Médecine Prédictive, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Andoni Urtizberea
- Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Hôpital Marin—APHP, 64701 Hendaye, France
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Smith DM, Aggarwal G, Niehoff ML, Jones SA, Banerjee S, Farr SA, Nguyen AD. Biochemical, Biomarker, and Behavioral Characterization of the Grn R493X Mouse Model of Frontotemporal Dementia. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04190-9. [PMID: 38696065 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) are a major cause of frontotemporal dementia due to progranulin haploinsufficiency; complete deficiency of progranulin causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Several progranulin-deficient mouse models have been generated, including both knockout mice and knockin mice harboring a common patient mutation (R493X). However, the GrnR493X mouse model has not been characterized completely. Additionally, while homozygous GrnR493X and Grn knockout mice have been extensively studied, data from heterozygous mice is still limited. Here, we performed more in-depth characterization of heterozygous and homozygous GrnR493X knockin mice, which includes biochemical assessments, behavioral studies, and analysis of fluid biomarkers. In the brains of homozygous GrnR493X mice, we found increased phosphorylated TDP-43 along with increased expression of lysosomal genes, markers of microgliosis and astrogliosis, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and complement factors. Heterozygous GrnR493X mice did not have increased TDP-43 phosphorylation but did exhibit limited increases in lysosomal and inflammatory gene expression. Behavioral studies found social and emotional deficits in GrnR493X mice that mirror those observed in Grn knockout mouse models, as well as impairment in memory and executive function. Overall, the GrnR493X knockin mouse model closely phenocopies Grn knockout models. Lastly, in contrast to homozygous knockin mice, heterozygous GrnR493X mice do not have elevated levels of fluid biomarkers previously identified in humans, including neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in both plasma and CSF. These results may help to inform pre-clinical studies that use this Grn knockin mouse model and other Grn knockout models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Smith
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Geetika Aggarwal
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Michael L Niehoff
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Spencer A Jones
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Subhashis Banerjee
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
| | - Susan A Farr
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, USA
| | - Andrew D Nguyen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA.
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Udine E, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Tian S, das Neves SP, Crook R, Finch NA, Baker MC, Pottier C, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Josephs KA, Oskarsson B, Da Mesquita S, Petrucelli L, Gendron TF, Dickson DW, Rademakers R, van Blitterswijk M. Abundant transcriptomic alterations in the human cerebellum of patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:73. [PMID: 38641715 PMCID: PMC11031479 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The most prominent genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a repeat expansion in the gene C9orf72. Importantly, the transcriptomic consequences of the C9orf72 repeat expansion remain largely unclear. Here, we used short-read RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to profile the cerebellar transcriptome, detecting alterations in patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. We focused on the cerebellum, since key C9orf72-related pathologies are abundant in this neuroanatomical region, yet TDP-43 pathology and neuronal loss are minimal. Consistent with previous work, we showed a reduction in the expression of the C9orf72 gene and an elevation in homeobox genes, when comparing patients with the expansion to both patients without the C9orf72 repeat expansion and control subjects. Interestingly, we identified more than 1000 alternative splicing events, including 4 in genes previously associated with ALS and/or FTLD. We also found an increase of cryptic splicing in C9orf72 patients compared to patients without the expansion and controls. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression level of select RNA-binding proteins is associated with cryptic splice junction inclusion. Overall, this study explores the presence of widespread transcriptomic changes in the cerebellum, a region not confounded by severe neurodegeneration, in post-mortem tissue from C9orf72 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Udine
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Shulan Tian
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Richard Crook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - NiCole A Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Cyril Pottier
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Björn Oskarsson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marka van Blitterswijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lai JD, Berlind JE, Fricklas G, Lie C, Urenda JP, Lam K, Sta Maria N, Jacobs R, Yu V, Zhao Z, Ichida JK. KCNJ2 inhibition mitigates mechanical injury in a human brain organoid model of traumatic brain injury. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:519-536.e8. [PMID: 38579683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) strongly correlates with neurodegenerative disease. However, it remains unclear which neurodegenerative mechanisms are intrinsic to the brain and which strategies most potently mitigate these processes. We developed a high-intensity ultrasound platform to inflict mechanical injury to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical organoids. Mechanically injured organoids elicit classic hallmarks of TBI, including neuronal death, tau phosphorylation, and TDP-43 nuclear egress. We found that deep-layer neurons were particularly vulnerable to injury and that TDP-43 proteinopathy promotes cell death. Injured organoids derived from C9ORF72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) patients displayed exacerbated TDP-43 dysfunction. Using genome-wide CRISPR interference screening, we identified a mechanosensory channel, KCNJ2, whose inhibition potently mitigated neurodegenerative processes in vitro and in vivo, including in C9ORF72 ALS/FTD organoids. Thus, targeting KCNJ2 may reduce acute neuronal death after brain injury, and we present a scalable, genetically flexible cerebral organoid model that may enable the identification of additional modifiers of mechanical stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Lai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA; Neurological & Rare Diseases, Dewpoint Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joshua E Berlind
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriella Fricklas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Lie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Urenda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Lam
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Sta Maria
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Russell Jacobs
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Violeta Yu
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA; Neurological & Rare Diseases, Dewpoint Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin K Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang X, Hu Y, Xu R. The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:800-806. [PMID: 37843214 PMCID: PMC10664110 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord, and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities, and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions. However, as the disease progresses, it affects the adjacent body regions, leading to generalized muscle weakness, occasionally along with memory, cognitive, behavioral, and language impairments; respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease. The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently, only riluzole, edaravone, and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries. The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97% of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport, RNA function, post-translational modification, liquid-liquid phase separation, stress granules, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, axonal transport, protein quality control system, and non-cellular autonomous functions (e.g., glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yushu Hu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Renshi Xu
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lilleker JB, Naddaf E, Saris CGJ, Schmidt J, de Visser M, Weihl CC. 272nd ENMC international workshop: 10 Years of progress - revision of the ENMC 2013 diagnostic criteria for inclusion body myositis and clinical trial readiness. 16-18 June 2023, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 37:36-51. [PMID: 38522330 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Since the publication of the 2013 European Neuromuscular Center (ENMC) diagnostic criteria for Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM), several advances have been made regarding IBM epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, and clinical trial readiness. Novel diagnostic tools include muscle imaging techniques such as MRI and ultrasound, and serological testing for cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase-1A antibodies. The 272nd ENMC workshop aimed to develop new diagnostic criteria, discuss clinical outcome measures and clinical trial readiness. The workshop started with patient representatives highlighting several understudied symptoms and the urge for a timely diagnosis. This was followed by presentations from IBM experts highlighting the new developments in the field. This report is composed of two parts, the first part providing new diagnostic criteria on which consensus was achieved. The second part focuses on the use of outcome measures in clinical practice and clinical trials, highlighting current limitations and outlining the goals for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Lilleker
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK; Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elie Naddaf
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christiaan G J Saris
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Neuromuscular Center and Center for Translational Medicine, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School MHB, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conrad C Weihl
- Neuromuscular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cheng F, Chapman T, Zhang S, Morsch M, Chung R, Lee A, Rayner SL. Understanding age-related pathologic changes in TDP-43 functions and the consequence on RNA splicing and signalling in health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102246. [PMID: 38401571 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a key component in RNA splicing which plays a crucial role in the aging process. In neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, TDP-43 can be mutated, mislocalised out of the nucleus of neurons and glial cells and form cytoplasmic inclusions. These TDP-43 alterations can lead to its RNA splicing dysregulation and contribute to mis-splicing of various types of RNA, such as mRNA, microRNA, and circular RNA. These changes can result in the generation of an altered transcriptome and proteome within cells, ultimately changing the diversity and quantity of gene products. In this review, we summarise the findings of novel atypical RNAs resulting from TDP-43 dysfunction and their potential as biomarkers or targets for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cheng
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Tyler Chapman
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Selina Zhang
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger Chung
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Albert Lee
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Rayner
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sinha IR, Sandal PS, Burns GD, Mallika AP, Irwin KE, Cruz ALF, Wang V, Rodríguez JL, Wong PC, Ling JP. Large-scale RNA-seq mining reveals ciclopirox triggers TDP-43 cryptic exons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587011. [PMID: 38585725 PMCID: PMC10996699 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in neurons, initially identified in ALS-FTD, are hallmark pathological features observed across a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. We previously found that TDP-43 loss-of-function leads to the transcriptome-wide inclusion of deleterious cryptic exons in brains and biofluids post-mortem as well as during the presymptomatic stage of ALS-FTD, but upstream mechanisms that lead to TDP-43 dysregulation remain unclear. Here, we developed a web-based resource (SnapMine) to determine the levels of TDP-43 cryptic exon inclusion across hundreds of thousands of publicly available RNA sequencing datasets. We established cryptic exon inclusion across a variety of human cells and tissues to provide ground truth references for future studies on TDP-43 dysregulation. We then explored studies that were entirely unrelated to TDP-43 or neurodegeneration and found that ciclopirox olamine (CPX), an FDA-approved antifungal, can trigger the inclusion of TDP-43-associated cryptic exons in a variety of mouse and human primary cells. CPX induction of cryptic exon occurs via heavy metal toxicity and oxidative stress, suggesting that similar vulnerabilities could play a role in neurodegeneration. Our work demonstrates how diverse datasets can be linked through common biological features and underscores that public archives of sequencing data represent a vastly underutilized resource with tremendous potential for uncovering novel insights into complex biological mechanisms and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irika R Sinha
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Parker S Sandal
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Grace D Burns
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Katherine E Irwin
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes F Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vania Wang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Philip C Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan P Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Calliari A, Daughrity LM, Albagli EA, Castellanos Otero P, Yue M, Jansen-West K, Islam NN, Caulfield T, Rawlinson B, DeTure M, Cook C, Graff-Radford NR, Day GS, Boeve BF, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Josephs KA, Oskarsson B, Gitler AD, Dickson DW, Gendron TF, Prudencio M, Ward ME, Zhang YJ, Petrucelli L. HDGFL2 cryptic proteins report presence of TDP-43 pathology in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:29. [PMID: 38539264 PMCID: PMC10967196 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This letter demonstrates the potential of novel cryptic proteins resulting from TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) dysfunction as markers of TDP-43 pathology in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Calliari
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ellen A Albagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Mei Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Naeyma N Islam
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Casey Cook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mercedes Prudencio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|