1
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Meng F, Felton AJ, Mao J, Cong N, Smith WK, Körner C, Hu Z, Hong S, Knott J, Yan Y, Guo B, Deng Y, Leisz S, Dorji T, Wang S, Chen A. Consistent time allocation fraction to vegetation green-up versus senescence across northern ecosystems despite recent climate change. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2487. [PMID: 38848369 PMCID: PMC11160464 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Extended growing season lengths under climatic warming suggest increased time for plant growth. However, research has focused on climatic impacts to the timing or duration of distinct phenological events. Comparatively little is known about impacts to the relative time allocation to distinct phenological events, for example, the proportion of time dedicated to leaf growth versus senescence. We use multiple satellite and ground-based observations to show that, despite recent climate change during 2001 to 2020, the ratio of time allocated to vegetation green-up over senescence has remained stable [1.27 (± 0.92)] across more than 83% of northern ecosystems. This stability is independent of changes in growing season lengths and is caused by widespread positive relationships among vegetation phenological events; longer vegetation green-up results in longer vegetation senescence. These empirical observations were also partly reproduced by 13 dynamic global vegetation models. Our work demonstrates an intrinsic biotic control to vegetation phenology that could explain the timing of vegetation senescence under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Andrew J. Felton
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Nan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - William K. Smith
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhongmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Songbai Hong
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jonathan Knott
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanzi Yan
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bixi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Stephen Leisz
- Department of Anthropology and Geography, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vin University, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tsechoe Dorji
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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2
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McPartland MY. Decadal-scale variability and warming affect spring timing and forest growth across the western Great Lakes region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:701-717. [PMID: 38236422 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The Great Lakes region of North America has warmed by 1-2 °C on average since pre-industrial times, with the most pronounced changes observable during winter and spring. Interannual variability in temperatures remains high, however, due to the influence of ocean-atmosphere circulation patterns that modulate the warming trend across years. Variations in spring temperatures determine growing season length and plant phenology, with implications for whole ecosystem function. Studying how both internal climate variability and the "secular" warming trend interact to produce trends in temperature is necessary to estimate potential ecological responses to future warming scenarios. This study examines how external anthropogenic forcing and decadal-scale variability influence spring temperatures across the western Great Lakes region and estimates the sensitivity of regional forests to temperature using long-term growth records from tree-rings and satellite data. Using a modeling approach designed to test for regime shifts in dynamic time series, this work shows that mid-continent spring climatology was strongly influenced by the 1976/1977 phase change in North Pacific atmospheric circulation, and that regional forests show a strengthening response to spring temperatures during the last half-century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Y McPartland
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany.
- Department of Geography, Environment & Society, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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3
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Zhang Y, Huang JG, Wang M, Wang W, Deslauriers A, Fonti P, Liang E, Mäkinen H, Oberhuber W, Rathgeber CBK, Tognetti R, Treml V, Yang B, Zhai L, Antonucci S, Buttò V, Camarero JJ, Campelo F, Čufar K, De Luis M, Fajstavr M, Giovannelli A, Gričar J, Gruber A, Gryc V, Güney A, Jyske T, Kašpar J, King G, Krause C, Lemay A, Lombardi F, Del Castillo EM, Morin H, Nabais C, Nöjd P, Peters RL, Prislan P, Saracino A, Shishov VV, Swidrak I, Vavrčík H, Vieira J, Zeng Q, Rossi S. High preseason temperature variability drives convergence of xylem phenology in the Northern Hemisphere conifers. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1161-1167.e3. [PMID: 38325374 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Wood growth is key to understanding the feedback of forest ecosystems to the ongoing climate warming. An increase in spatial synchrony (i.e., coincident changes in distant populations) of spring phenology is one of the most prominent climate responses of forest trees. However, whether temperature variability contributes to an increase in the spatial synchrony of spring phenology and its underlying mechanisms remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed an extensive dataset of xylem phenology observations of 20 conifer species from 75 sites over the Northern Hemisphere. Along the gradient of increase in temperature variability in the 75 sites, we observed a convergence in the onset of cell enlargement roughly toward the 5th of June, with a convergence in the onset of cell wall thickening toward the summer solstice. The increase in rainfall since the 5th of June is favorable for cell division and expansion, and as the most hours of sunlight are received around the summer solstice, it allows the optimization of carbon assimilation for cell wall thickening. Hence, the convergences can be considered as the result of matching xylem phenological activities to favorable conditions in regions with high temperature variability. Yet, forest trees relying on such consistent seasonal cues for xylem growth could constrain their ability to respond to climate warming, with consequences for the potential growing season length and, ultimately, forest productivity and survival in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Minhuang Wang
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Annie Deslauriers
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Eryuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Harri Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walter Oberhuber
- Department of Botany, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Roberto Tognetti
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Václav Treml
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Bao Yang
- School of Geograph and Oceanograph Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lihong Zhai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Serena Antonucci
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Valentina Buttò
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Quebec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X5E4, Canada
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50192, Spain
| | - Filipe Campelo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Katarina Čufar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Wood Science and Technology, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin De Luis
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Environmental Science Institute, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Marek Fajstavr
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Giovannelli
- CNR - Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, IRET, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna Pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreas Gruber
- Department of Botany, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vladimír Gryc
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Aylin Güney
- Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Forestry, Balatçık Mahallesi Havaalanı Şosesi No:33/2 Balatçık, Çiğli, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakub Kašpar
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic; Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Department of Forest Ecology, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory King
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Sciences, University of Alberta - Augustana Campus, Camrose, AB T4V 2R3, Canada
| | - Cornelia Krause
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Audrey Lemay
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Fabio Lombardi
- AGRARIA Department, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria 89124, Italy
| | - Edurne Martínez Del Castillo
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Environmental Science Institute, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Hubert Morin
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Cristina Nabais
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Pekka Nöjd
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard L Peters
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Physiological Plant Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Prislan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna Pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonio Saracino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", 80055 Portici-Napoli, Italy
| | - Vladimir V Shishov
- Institute of Economics and Trade, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660075, Russia
| | - Irene Swidrak
- Department of Botany, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanuš Vavrčík
- Department of Wood Science and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Joana Vieira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Qiao Zeng
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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4
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Cherubini P. Dendrochronology: Large datasets help explain when and how trees grow but not why. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R237-R239. [PMID: 38531314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of a large dataset of wood cell formation observations from several tree species in the Northern Hemisphere suggests that the 5th of June is favorable for cell division and enlargement, while the summer solstice promotes cell wall thickening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cherubini
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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5
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Zeng ZA, Wolkovich EM. Weak evidence of provenance effects in spring phenology across Europe and North America. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38494441 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Forecasting the biological impacts of climate change requires understanding how species respond to warmer temperatures through interannual flexible variation vs through adaptation to local conditions. Yet, we often lack this information entirely or find conflicting evidence across studies, which is the case for spring phenology. We synthesized common garden studies across Europe and North America that reported spring event dates for a mix of angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species in the northern hemisphere, capturing data from 384 North American and 101 European provenances (i.e. populations) with observations from 1962 to 2019, alongside autumn event data when provided. Across continents, we found no evidence of provenance effects in spring phenology, but strong clines with latitude and mean annual temperature in autumn. These effects, however, appeared to diverge by continent and species type (gymnosperm vs angiosperm), with particularly pronounced clines in North America in autumn events. Our results suggest flexible, likely plastic responses, in spring phenology with warming, and potential limits - at least in the short term - due to provenance effects for autumn phenology. They also highlight that, after over 250 yr of common garden studies on tree phenology, we still lack a holistic predictive model of clines across species and phenological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Alina Zeng
- Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth M Wolkovich
- Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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6
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Arend M, Hoch G, Kahmen A. Stem growth phenology, not canopy greening, constrains deciduous tree growth. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad160. [PMID: 38159107 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Canopy phenology is a widely used proxy for deciduous forest growth with various applications in terrestrial ecosystem modeling. Its use relies on common assumptions that canopy greening and stem growth are tightly coordinated processes, enabling predictions on the timing and the quantity of annual tree growth. Here, we present parallel observations of canopy and stem growth phenology and annual stem increment in around 90 deciduous forest trees with diffuse-porous (Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus) or ring-porous (Quercus robur × petraea) wood anatomy. These data were collected in a mixed temperate forest at the Swiss-Canopy-Crane II site, in 4 years with strongly contrasting weather conditions. We found that stem growth resumption lagged several weeks behind spring canopy greening in diffuse-porous but not in ring-porous trees. Canopy greening and stem growth resumption showed no or only weak signs of temporal coordination across the observation years. Within the assessed species, the seasonal timing of stem growth varied strongly among individuals, as trees with high annual increments resumed growth earlier and also completed their main growth earlier. The length of main growth activity had no influence on annual increments. Our findings not only challenge tight temporal coordination of canopy and stem growth phenology but also demonstrate that longer main growth activity does not translate into higher annual increments. This may compromise approaches modeling tree growth and forest productivity with canopy phenology and growth length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Arend
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Plant Ecology, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, Trier 54296, Germany
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kahmen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Physiological Plant Ecology, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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7
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Didion-Gency M, Vitasse Y, Buchmann N, Gessler A, Gisler J, Schaub M, Grossiord C. Chronic warming and dry soils limit carbon uptake and growth despite a longer growing season in beech and oak. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:741-757. [PMID: 37874743 PMCID: PMC10828195 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Progressively warmer and drier climatic conditions impact tree phenology and carbon cycling with large consequences for forest carbon balance. However, it remains unclear how individual impacts of warming and drier soils differ from their combined effects and how species interactions modulate tree responses. Using mesocosms, we assessed the multiyear impact of continuous air warming and lower soil moisture alone or in combination on phenology, leaf-level photosynthesis, nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations, and aboveground growth of young European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) trees. We further tested how species interactions (in monocultures and in mixtures) modulated these effects. Warming prolonged the growing season of both species but reduced growth in oak. In contrast, lower moisture did not impact phenology but reduced carbon assimilation and growth in both species. Combined impacts of warming and drier soils did not differ from their single effects. Under warmer and drier conditions, performances of both species were enhanced in mixtures compared to monocultures. Our work revealed that higher temperature and lower soil moisture have contrasting impacts on phenology vs. leaf-level assimilation and growth, with the former being driven by temperature and the latter by moisture. Furthermore, we showed a compensation in the negative impacts of chronic heat and drought by tree species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Didion-Gency
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Gisler
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Matula R, Knířová S, Vítámvás J, Šrámek M, Kníř T, Ulbrichová I, Svoboda M, Plichta R. Shifts in intra-annual growth dynamics drive a decline in productivity of temperate trees in Central European forest under warmer climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166906. [PMID: 37689186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change shifts tree growth phenology and dynamics in temperate forests. However, there is still little information on how warming climate changes intra-annual growth patterns and how these changes affect the productivity and carbon uptake of temperate trees. To address this knowledge gap, we used high-precision growth data from automatic dendrometers to quantify the impacts of unusually warm weather in 2022 (hot year) on growth phenology, dynamics and aboveground biomass (AGB) production in eight common temperate species (both conifers and broadleaved) in the Czech Republic. Mixed-effect models were used to investigate inter-annual changes in the start, end, and length of the growing season and intra-annual growth dynamics. We also modelled how changes in growth phenology, growth rates, and tree size affected yearly AGB production of individual trees. In the hot year, the growth started 5 days earlier, peaked 22 days earlier and ended 20 days earlier than in the climatically normal year, resulting in a shorter growing season with fewer growing days. AGB production decreased 36 % in the hot year, mainly due to fewer growing days and lower maximum growth rates, but with significant variation among tested species. The decline in AGB production in the hot year was most significant in the most productive species, which were also the species with the greatest reduction in the number of growing days. Tree size strongly enhanced AGB production, but its effect did not change with climate variation. Our findings suggest that climate change is likely to advance but also shorten the growing season of temperate trees, resulting in lower biomass production and carbon uptake. The results also indicate that the fast-growing and highly productive temperate tree species will have their growth reduced most by climate change, which will increasingly limit their high carbon sequestration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Matula
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Soňa Knířová
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vítámvás
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šrámek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kníř
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Ulbrichová
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Svoboda
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Tumajer J, Braun S, Burger A, Scharnweber T, Smiljanic M, Walthert L, Zweifel R, Wilmking M. Dendrometers challenge the 'moon wood concept' by elucidating the absence of lunar cycles in tree stem radius oscillation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19904. [PMID: 37963987 PMCID: PMC10645754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood is a sustainable natural resource and an important global commodity. According to the 'moon wood theory', the properties of wood, including its growth and water content, are believed to oscillate with the lunar cycle. Despite contradicting our current understanding of plant functioning, this theory is commonly exploited for marketing wooden products. To examine the moon wood theory, we applied a wavelet power transformation to series of 2,000,000 hourly stem radius records from dendrometers. We separated the influence of 74 consecutive lunar cycles and meteorological conditions on the stem variation of 62 trees and six species. We show that the dynamics of stem radius consist of overlapping oscillations with periods of 1 day, 6 months, and 1 year. These oscillations in stem dimensions were tightly coupled to oscillations in the series of air temperature and vapour pressure deficit. By contrast, we revealed no imprint of the lunar cycle on the stem radius variation of any species. We call for scepticism towards the moon wood theory, at least as far as the stem water content and radial growth are concerned. We foresee that similar studies employing robust scientific approaches will be increasingly needed in the future to cope with misleading concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tumajer
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Sabine Braun
- Institute for Applied Plant Biology AG, Benkenstrasse 254a, 4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Burger
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tobias Scharnweber
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marko Smiljanic
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lorenz Walthert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Zweifel
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Zhang X, Rademacher T, Liu H, Wang L, Manzanedo RD. Fading regulation of diurnal temperature ranges on drought-induced growth loss for drought-tolerant tree species. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6916. [PMID: 37903773 PMCID: PMC10616191 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Warming-induced droughts caused tree growth loss across the globe, leading to substantial carbon loss to the atmosphere. Drought-induced growth loss, however, can be regulated by changes in diurnal temperature ranges. Here, we investigated long term radial growth responses of 23 widespread distributed tree species from 2327 sites over the world and found that species' drought tolerances were significantly and positively correlated with diurnal temperature range-growth loss relationships for the period 1901-1940. Since 1940, this relationship has continued to fade, likely due to asymmetric day and night warming trends and the species' ability to deal with them. The alleviation of reduced diurnal temperature ranges on drought-induced growth loss was mainly found for drought resistant tree species. Overall, our results highlight the need to carefully consider diurnal temperature ranges and species-specific responses to daytime and nighttime warming to explore tree growth responses to current and future warmer and drier climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Rademacher
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
- Centre ACER, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 0B8, Canada
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, 01366, USA
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Rubén D Manzanedo
- Plant Ecology, Institute of Integrative Biology, D-USYS, ETH-Zürich, 8006, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Spafford L, MacDougall A, Steenberg J. Climate-driven shifts in leaf senescence are greater for boreal species than temperate species in the Acadian Forest region in contrast to leaf emergence shifts. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10362. [PMID: 37533970 PMCID: PMC10390504 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Acadian Forest Region is a temperate-boreal transitional zone in eastern North America which provides a unique opportunity for understanding the potential effects of climate change on both forest types. Leaf phenology, the timing of leaf life cycle changes, is an important indicator of the biological effects of climate change, which can be observed with stationary timelapse cameras known as phenocams. Using four growing seasons of observations for the species Acer rubrum (red maple), Betula papyrifera (paper/white birch) and Abies balsamea (balsam fir) from the Acadian Phenocam Network as well as multiple growing season observations from the North American PhenoCam Network we parameterized eight leaf emergence and six leaf senescence models for each species which span a range in process and driver representation. With climate models from the Fifth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) we simulated future leaf emergence, senescence and season length (senescence minus emergence) for these species at sites within the Acadian Phenocam Network. Model performances were similar across models and leaf emergence model RMSE ranged from about 1 to 2 weeks across species and models, while leaf senescence model RMSE ranged from about 2 to 4 weeks. The simulations suggest that by the late 21st century, leaf senescence may become continuously delayed for boreal species like Betula papyrifera and Abies balsamea, though remain relatively stable for temperate species like Acer rubrum. In contrast, the projected advancement in leaf emergence was similar across boreal and temperate species. This has important implications for carbon uptake, nutrient resorption, ecology and ecotourism for the Acadian Forest Region. More work is needed to improve predictions of leaf phenology for the Acadian Forest Region, especially with respect to senescence. Phenocams have the potential to rapidly advance process-based model development and predictions of leaf phenology in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsay Spafford
- Climate and EnvironmentSaint Francis Xavier UniversityAntigonishNova ScotiaCanada
- Environmental SciencesMemorial UniversitySt. John'sNewfoundland and LabradorCanada
| | - Andrew MacDougall
- Climate and EnvironmentSaint Francis Xavier UniversityAntigonishNova ScotiaCanada
| | - James Steenberg
- Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and RenewablesTruroNova ScotiaCanada
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12
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Zohner CM, Mirzagholi L, Renner SS, Mo L, Rebindaine D, Bucher R, Palouš D, Vitasse Y, Fu YH, Stocker BD, Crowther TW. Effect of climate warming on the timing of autumn leaf senescence reverses after the summer solstice. Science 2023; 381:eadf5098. [PMID: 37410847 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is shifting the growing seasons of plants, affecting species performance and biogeochemical cycles. Yet how the timing of autumn leaf senescence in Northern Hemisphere forests will change remains uncertain. Using satellite, ground, carbon flux, and experimental data, we show that early-season and late-season warming have opposite effects on leaf senescence, with a reversal occurring after the year's longest day (the summer solstice). Across 84% of the northern forest area, increased temperature and vegetation activity before the solstice led to an earlier senescence onset of, on average, 1.9 ± 0.1 days per °C, whereas warmer post-solstice temperatures extended senescence duration by 2.6 ± 0.1 days per °C. The current trajectories toward an earlier onset and slowed progression of senescence affect Northern Hemisphere-wide trends in growing-season length and forest productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin M Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leila Mirzagholi
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Susanne S Renner
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lidong Mo
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Rebindaine
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raymo Bucher
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Palouš
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University in Prague, CZ 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yann Vitasse
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Yongshuo H Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Yin R, Qin W, Wang X, Xie D, Wang H, Zhao H, Zhang Z, He JS, Schädler M, Kardol P, Eisenhauer N, Zhu B. Experimental warming causes mismatches in alpine plant-microbe-fauna phenology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2159. [PMID: 37061533 PMCID: PMC10105701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term observations have shown that many plants and aboveground animals have changed their phenology patterns due to warmer temperatures over the past decades. However, empirical evidence for phenological shifts in alpine organisms, particularly belowground organisms, is scarce. Here, we investigate how the activities and phenology of plants, soil microbes, and soil fauna will respond to warming in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, and whether their potential phenological changes will be synchronized. We experimentally simulate an increase in soil temperature by 2-4 °C according to future projections for this region. We find that warming promotes plant growth, soil microbial respiration, and soil fauna feeding by 8%, 57%, and 20%, respectively, but causes dissimilar changes in their phenology during the growing season. Specifically, warming advances soil faunal feeding activity in spring and delays it in autumn, while their peak activity does not change; whereas warming increases the peak activity of plant growth and soil microbial respiration but with only minor shifts in their phenology. Such phenological asynchrony in alpine organisms may alter ecosystem functioning and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenkuan Qin
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem, and Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Martin Schädler
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieder-Strasse 4, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750-07, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Silvestro R, Zeng Q, Buttò V, Sylvain JD, Drolet G, Mencuccini M, Thiffault N, Yuan S, Rossi S. A longer wood growing season does not lead to higher carbon sequestration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4059. [PMID: 36906726 PMCID: PMC10008533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A reliable assessment of forest carbon sequestration depends on our understanding of wood ecophysiology. Within a forest, trees exhibit different timings and rates of growth during wood formation. However, their relationships with wood anatomical traits remain partially unresolved. This study evaluated the intra-annual individual variability in growth traits in balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.]. We collected wood microcores weekly from April to October 2018 from 27 individuals in Quebec (Canada) and prepared anatomical sections to assess wood formation dynamics and their relationships with the anatomical traits of the wood cells. Xylem developed in a time window ranging from 44 to 118 days, producing between 8 and 79 cells. Trees with larger cell production experienced a longer growing season, with an earlier onset and later ending of wood formation. On average, each additional xylem cell lengthened the growing season by 1 day. Earlywood production explained 95% of the variability in xylem production. More productive individuals generated a higher proportion of earlywood and cells with larger sizes. Trees with a longer growing season produced more cells but not more biomass in the wood. Lengthening the growing season driven by climate change may not lead to enhanced carbon sequestration from wood production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Silvestro
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada.
| | - Qiao Zeng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Valentina Buttò
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Sylvain
- Direction de la recherche forestiere Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, QC, G1P3W8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Drolet
- Direction de la recherche forestiere Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, QC, G1P3W8, Canada
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1055, du P.E.P.S., Sainte-Foy Stn., P.O. Box 10380, Quebec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada.,Centre for Forest Research, Faculty of Forestry, Geography and Geomatics, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shaoxiong Yuan
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Laboratoire sur les écosystemes terrestres boreaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
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15
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Fu YH, Geng X, Chen S, Wu H, Hao F, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhang J, Tang J, Vitasse Y, Zohner CM, Janssens I, Stenseth NC, Peñuelas J. Global warming is increasing the discrepancy between green (actual) and thermal (potential) seasons of temperate trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1377-1389. [PMID: 36459482 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, global warming has led to a lengthening of the time window during which temperatures remain favorable for carbon assimilation and tree growth, resulting in a lengthening of the green season. The extent to which forest green seasons have tracked the lengthening of this favorable period under climate warming, however, has not been quantified to date. Here, we used remote sensing data and long-term ground observations of leaf-out and coloration for six dominant species of European trees at 1773 sites, for a total of 6060 species-site combinations, during 1980-2016 and found that actual green season extensions (GS: 3.1 ± 0.1 day decade-1 ) lag four times behind extensions of the potential thermal season (TS: 12.6 ± 0.1 day decade-1 ). Similar but less pronounced differences were obtained using satellite-derived vegetation phenology observations, that is, a lengthening of 4.4 ± 0.13 and 7.5 ± 0.13 day decade-1 for GS and TS, respectively. This difference was mainly driven by the larger advance in the onset of the thermal season compared to the actual advance of leaf-out dates (spring mismatch: 7.2 ± 0.1 day decade-1 ), but to a less extent caused by a phenological mismatch between GS and TS in autumn (2.4 ± 0.1 day decade-1 ). Our results showed that forest trees do not linearly track the new thermal window extension, indicating more complex interactions between winter and spring temperatures and photoperiod and a justification of demonstrating that using more sophisticated models that include the influence of chilling and photoperiod is needed to accurately predict spring phenological changes under warmer climate. They urge caution if such mechanisms are omitted to predict, for example, how vegetative health and growth, species distribution and crop yields will change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuo H Fu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Geng
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design (GIWP), Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Shouzhi Chen
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanghua Hao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofei Wu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yann Vitasse
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Constantin M Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nils Chr Stenseth
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Variability in Tree-ring Width and NDVI Responses to Climate at a Landscape Level. Ecosystems 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-023-00822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInter-annual climatically driven growth variability of above-ground biomass compartments (for example, tree stems and foliage) controls the intensity of carbon sequestration into forest ecosystems. However, understanding the differences between the climatic response of stem and foliage at the landscape level is limited. In this study, we examined the climate-growth response of stem and leaf biomass and their relationship for Pinus sylvestris (PISY) and Picea abies (PCAB) in topographically complex landscapes. We used tree-ring width chronologies and time series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from high-resolution Landsat scenes as proxies for stem and leaf biomass, respectively. We then compared growth variability and climate-growth relationships of both biomass proxies between topographical categories. Our results show that the responses of tree rings to climate differ significantly from those found in NDVI, with the stronger climatic signal observed in tree rings. Topography had distinct but species-specific effects: At moisture-limited PISY stands, stem biomass (tree rings) was strongly topographically driven, and leaf biomass (NDVI) was relatively insensitive to topographic variability. In landscapes close to the climatic optimum of PCAB, the relationship between stem and leaf biomass was weak, and their correlations with climate were often inverse, with no significant effects of topography. Different climatic signals from NDVI and tree rings suggest that the response of canopy and stem growth to climate change might be decoupled. Furthermore, our results hint toward different prioritizations of biomass allocation in trees under stressful conditions which might change allometric relationships between individual tree compartments in the long term.
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17
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Rathgeber CBK, Fonti P. The early arrival of spring doesn't boost annual tree growth. Nature 2022; 608:473-474. [PMID: 35948680 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-02107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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