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Lu R, Wang J, Duan T, Hu TY, Hu G, Liu Y, Fu W, Han Q, Lu Y, Lu L, Cheng SD, Dai Y, Hu D, Shen Z, Jia CL, Ma C, Liu M. Metadielectrics for high-temperature energy storage capacitors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6596. [PMID: 39097588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dielectric capacitors are highly desired for electronic systems owing to their high-power density and ultrafast charge/discharge capability. However, the current dielectric capacitors suffer severely from the thermal instabilities, with sharp deterioration of energy storage performance at elevated temperatures. Here, guided by phase-field simulations, we conceived and fabricated the self-assembled metadielectric nanostructure with HfO2 as second-phase in BaHf0.17Ti0.83O3 relaxor ferroelectric matrix. The metadielectric structure can not only effectively increase breakdown strength, but also broaden the working temperature to 400 oC due to the enhanced relaxation behavior and substantially reduced conduction loss. The energy storage density of the metadielectric film capacitors can achieve to 85 joules per cubic centimeter with energy efficiency exceeding 81% in the temperature range from 25 °C to 400 °C. This work shows the fabrication of capacitors with potential applications in high-temperature electric power systems and provides a strategy for designing advanced electrostatic capacitors through a metadielectric strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Wang
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingzhi Duan
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangliang Hu
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuyang Han
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiqin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, China
| | - Shao-Dong Cheng
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanzhu Dai
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dengwei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Ferroelectric Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry of Shaanxi Province, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhonghui Shen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chun-Lin Jia
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunrui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Gurnani R, Shukla S, Kamal D, Wu C, Hao J, Kuenneth C, Aklujkar P, Khomane A, Daniels R, Deshmukh AA, Cao Y, Sotzing G, Ramprasad R. AI-assisted discovery of high-temperature dielectrics for energy storage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6107. [PMID: 39030220 PMCID: PMC11271506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic capacitors play a crucial role as energy storage devices in modern electrical systems. Energy density, the figure of merit for electrostatic capacitors, is primarily determined by the choice of dielectric material. Most industry-grade polymer dielectrics are flexible polyolefins or rigid aromatics, possessing high energy density or high thermal stability, but not both. Here, we employ artificial intelligence (AI), established polymer chemistry, and molecular engineering to discover a suite of dielectrics in the polynorbornene and polyimide families. Many of the discovered dielectrics exhibit high thermal stability and high energy density over a broad temperature range. One such dielectric displays an energy density of 8.3 J cc-1 at 200 °C, a value 11 × that of any commercially available polymer dielectric at this temperature. We also evaluate pathways to further enhance the polynorbornene and polyimide families, enabling these capacitors to perform well in demanding applications (e.g., aerospace) while being environmentally sustainable. These findings expand the potential applications of electrostatic capacitors within the 85-200 °C temperature range, at which there is presently no good commercial solution. More broadly, this research demonstrates the impact of AI on chemical structure generation and property prediction, highlighting the potential for materials design advancement beyond electrostatic capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Gurnani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Matmerize Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuti Shukla
- Materials Science Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Deepak Kamal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Christopher Kuenneth
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Pritish Aklujkar
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ashish Khomane
- Materials Science Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Robert Daniels
- Materials Science Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Yang Cao
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Gregory Sotzing
- Materials Science Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Li Z, Wang J, Zou J, Li S, Zhen X, Shen Z, Li B, Zhang X, Nan CW. Magnetic-assisted alignment of nanofibers in a polymer nanocomposite for high-temperature capacitive energy storage applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38967617 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Flexible polymer-based dielectrics with high energy storage characteristics over a wide temperature range are crucial for advanced electrical and electronic systems. However, the intrinsic low dielectric constant and drastically degraded breakdown strength hinder the development of polymer-based dielectrics at elevated temperatures. Here, we propose a magnetic-assisted approach for fabricating a polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanocomposite with precisely aligned nanofibers within the polymer matrix, and with Al2O3 deposition layers applied on the surface. The resulting polymer nanocomposite exhibits simultaneously increased dielectric constant and enhanced breakdown strength at high temperatures compared to pristine PEI. The enhanced dielectric constant is contributed by the depolarization effect of out-of-plane orientated nanofibers in composite films, while the surficial Al2O3 layers, with a wide bandgap, effectively prevent charge injection and transport at the electrode/dielectric interface. The optimally aligned composite films exhibit a significantly enhanced discharged energy density of 6.5 J cm-3 at 150 °C, with approximately 41% and 132% enhancement compared to random films and pristine PEI films, respectively. Additionally, a metalized multilayer polymer-based capacitor utilizing this composite film produces a high capacitance of 88 nF, while demonstrating excellent cyclability and flexibility at 150 °C. This work offers an effective strategy for developing polymer-based composite dielectrics with superior capacitive performance at elevated temperatures and demonstrates the potential of fabricating high-quality flexible capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Junjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Shuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xin Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Zhonghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Baowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100000, China.
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4
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Li H, Vargo E, Xie Z, Ma L, Pieters PF, Shelton SW, Alivisatos AP, Xu T, Liu Y. Multilaminate Energy Storage Films from Entropy-Driven Self-Assembled Supramolecular Nanocomposites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401954. [PMID: 38669470 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Composite materials comprising polymers and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are promising for energy storage applications, though challenges in controlling NP dispersion often result in performance bottlenecks. Realizing nanocomposites with controlled NP locations and distributions within polymer microdomains is highly desirable for improving energy storage capabilities but is a persistent challenge, impeding the in-depth understanding of the structure-performance relationship. In this study, a facile entropy-driven self-assembly approach is employed to fabricate block copolymer-based supramolecular nanocomposite films with highly ordered lamellar structures, which are then used in electrostatic film capacitors. The oriented interfacial barriers and well-distributed inorganic NPs within the self-assembled multilaminate nanocomposites effectively suppress leakage current and mitigate the risk of breakdown, showing superior dielectric strength compared to their disordered counterparts. Consequently, the lamellar nanocomposite films with optimized composition exhibit high energy efficiency (>90% at 650 MV m-1), along with remarkable energy density and power density. Moreover, finite element simulations and statistical modeling have provided theoretical insights into the impact of the lamellar structure on electrical conduction, electric field distribution, and electrical tree propagation. This work marks a significant advancement in the design of organic-inorganic hybrids for energy storage, establishing a well-defined correlation between microstructure and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Emma Vargo
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zongliang Xie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Le Ma
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Steve W Shelton
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Armand Paul Alivisatos
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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5
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Xu W, Zhou C, Ji W, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Bertram F, Shang Y, Zhang H, Shen C. Anisotropic Semicrystalline Homopolymer Dielectrics for High-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319766. [PMID: 38598769 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
High-temperature dielectric polymers are in high demand for powering applications in extreme environments. Here, we have developed high-temperature homopolymer dielectrics with anisotropy by leveraging the hierarchical structure in semicrystalline polymers. The lamellae have been aligned parallel to the surface in the dielectric films. This structural arrangement resembles the horizontal alignment of nanosheet fillers in polymer nanocomposites and nanosheet-like lamellae in block copolymers, which has been proven to provide the optimal topological structure for electrical energy storage. The unique ordering of lamellae in our dielectric films endue a significantly increased breakdown strength and a reduced leakage current compared to amorphous films. This novel approach of enhancing the capacitive energy storage properties by controlled orientation of lamellae in homopolymer offers a new perspective for the design of high-temperature polymer dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Institution, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chenyi Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Institution, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Wenhai Ji
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Institution, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Institution, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yingshuang Shang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Institution, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Haibo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Institution, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Chen Shen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Shukla S, Wu C, Mishra A, Pan J, Charnay AP, Khomane A, Deshmukh A, Zhou J, Mukherjee M, Gurnani R, Rout P, Casalini R, Ramprasad R, Fayer MD, Vashishta P, Cao Y, Sotzing G. Pendant Group Functionalization of Cyclic Olefin for High Temperature and High-Density Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402133. [PMID: 38767177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
High-temperature flexible polymer dielectrics are critical for high density energy storage and conversion. The need to simultaneously possess a high bandgap, dielectric constant and glass transition temperature forms a substantial design challenge for novel dielectric polymers. Here, by varying halogen substituents of an aromatic pendant hanging off a bicyclic mainchain polymer, a class of high-temperature olefins with adjustable thermal stability are obtained, all with uncompromised large bandgaps. Halogens substitution of the pendant groups at para or ortho position of polyoxanorborneneimides (PONB) imparts it with tunable high glass transition from 220 to 245 °C, while with high breakdown strength of 625-800 MV/m. A high energy density of 7.1 J/cc at 200 °C is achieved with p-POClNB, representing the highest energy density reported among homo-polymers. Molecular dynamic simulations and ultrafast infrared spectroscopy are used to probe the free volume element distribution and chain relaxations pertinent to dielectric thermal properties. An increase in free volume element is observed with the change in the pendant group from fluorine to bromine at the para position; however, smaller free volume element is observed for the same pendant when at the ortho position due to steric hindrance. With the dielectric constant and bandgap remaining stable, properly designing the pendant groups of PONB boosts its thermal stability for high density electrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ankit Mishra
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Junkun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aaron P Charnay
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ashish Khomane
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ajinkya Deshmukh
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jierui Zhou
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Madhubanti Mukherjee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Rishi Gurnani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Pragati Rout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Riccardo Casalini
- Chemistry Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yang Cao
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Gregory Sotzing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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7
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Tang X, Ding C, Yu S, Zhong C, Luo H, Chen S. Mechanism Study of Molecular Trap in All-Organic Polystyrene-Based Dielectric Composite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306034. [PMID: 38126675 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
It is a huge challenge to explore how charge traps affect the electric breakdown of polymer-based dielectric composites. In this paper, alkane and aromatic molecules with different substituents are investigated according to DFT theoretical method. The combination of strong electron-withdrawing groups and aromatic rings can establish high electron affinity molecules. 4'-Nitro-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (NAABZ) with a vertical electron affinity of 1.39 eV and a dipole moment of 10.15 D is introduced into polystyrene (PSt) to analyze the influence of charge traps on electric properties. Marcus charge transfer theory is applied to calculate the charge transfer rate between PSt and NAABZ. The nature of charge traps is elaborated from a dynamic perspective. The enhanced breakdown mechanism of polymers-based composites stems from the constraint of carrier mobility caused by the change in transfer rate. But the electrophile nature of high electron affinity filler can decrease the potential barriers at the metal-polymer interface. Simultaneously, the relationship between the electron affinity of fillers and the breakdown strength of polymer-based composites is nonlinear because of the presence of the inversion region. Based on the deep understanding of the molecular trap, this work provides the theoretical calculation for the design and development of high-performance polymer dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Cuilian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Shiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Huber Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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8
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Yang M, Guo M, Xu E, Ren W, Wang D, Li S, Zhang S, Nan CW, Shen Y. Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics for capacitive energy storage. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:588-603. [PMID: 38172431 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their excellent discharged energy density over a broad temperature range, polymer nanocomposites offer immense potential as dielectric materials in advanced electrical and electronic systems, such as intelligent electric vehicles, smart grids and renewable energy generation. In recent years, various nanoscale approaches have been developed to induce appreciable enhancement in discharged energy density. In this Review, we discuss the state-of-the-art polymer nanocomposites with improved energy density from three key aspects: dipole activity, breakdown resistance and heat tolerance. We also describe the physical properties of polymer nanocomposite interfaces, showing how the electrical, mechanical and thermal characteristics impact energy storage performances and how they are interrelated. Further, we discuss multi-level nanotechnologies including monomer design, crosslinking, polymer blending, nanofiller incorporation and multilayer fabrication. We conclude by presenting the current challenges and future opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Erxiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, AIIM, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Bao Z, Ding S, Jia J, Dai Z, Li Y, Shen S, Chu S, Yin Y, Li X. γ-Ray Irradiation Significantly Enhances Capacitive Energy Storage Performance of Polymer Dielectric Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308597. [PMID: 38288654 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymer dielectric capacitors are fundamental in advanced electronics and power grids but suffer from low energy density, hindering miniaturization of compact electrical systems. It is shown that high-energy and strong penetrating γ-irradiation significantly enhances capacitive energy storage performance of polymer dielectrics. γ-irradiated biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films exhibit an extraordinarily high energy density of 10.4 J cm-3 at 968 MV m-1 with an efficiency of 97.3%. In particular, an energy density of 4.06 J cm-3 with an ultrahigh efficiency of 98% is reliably maintained through 20 000 charge-discharge cycles under 600 MV m-1. At 125 °C, the γ-irradiated BOPP film still delivers a high discharged energy density of 5.88 J cm-3 with an efficiency of 90% at 770 MV m-1. Substantial improvements are also achieved for γ-irradiated cycloolefin copolymers at a high temperature of 150 °C, verifying the strategy generalizability. Experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the excellent performance should be related to the γ-irradiation induced polar functional groups with high electron affinity in the molecular chain, which offer deep energy traps to impede charge transport. This work provides a simple and generally applicable strategy for developing high-performance polymer dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Song Ding
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiangheng Jia
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhan Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxin Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Songchao Chu
- Anhui Tongfeng Electronics Co., Ltd., Tongling, 244000, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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10
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Ma C, Wang H, Sun R, Liao X, Han H, Xie M. Polyacetylene-Based Asymmetric Bicyclic Polymer by Blocking-Cyclization Technique. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300628. [PMID: 38227809 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A rare asymmetric bicyclic polymer containing different length of conjugated polyacetylene segments is synthesized by metathesis cyclopolymerization-mediated blocking-cyclization technique. The size of each single ring differs from each other, and the unique cyclic polymer topology is controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of monofunctional monomer to catalyst. The topological difference between linear and bicyclic polymers is confirmed by several techniques, and the visualized morphology of asymmetric bicyclic polymer is directly observed without tedious post-modification process. The photoelectric and thermal properties of polymers are investigated. This work expands the pathway for the derivation of cyclic polymers, and such unique topological structure enriches the diversity of cyclic polymer classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huijing Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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11
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Dai Z, Jia J, Ding S, Wang Y, Meng X, Bao Z, Yu S, Shen S, Yin Y, Li X. Polyphenylene Oxide Film Sandwiched between SiO 2 Layers for High-Temperature Dielectric Energy Storage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38416689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The commercial capacitor using dielectric biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) can work effectively only at low temperatures (less than 105 °C). Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), with better heat resistance and a higher dielectric constant, is promising for capacitors operating at elevated temperatures, but its charge-discharge efficiency (η) degrades greatly under high fields at 125 °C. Here, SiO2 layers are magnetron sputtered on both sides of the PPO film, forming a composite material of SiO2/PPO/SiO2. Due to the wide bandgap and high Young's modulus of SiO2, the breakdown strength (Eb) of this composite material reaches 552 MV/m at 125 °C (PPO: 534 MV/m), and the discharged energy density (Ue) under Eb improves to 3.5 J/cm3 (PPO: 2.5 J/cm3), with a significantly enhanced η of 89% (PPO: 70%). Furthermore, SiO2/PPO/SiO2 can discharge a Ue of 0.45 J/cm3 with an η of 97% at 125 °C under 200 MV/m (working condition in hybrid electric vehicles) for 20,000 cycles, and this value is higher than the energy density (∼0.39 J/cm3 under 200 MV/m) of BOPP at room temperature. Interestingly, the metalized SiO2/PPO/SiO2 film exhibits valuable self-healing behavior. These results make PPO-based dielectrics promising for high-temperature capacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhan Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangheng Jia
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Song Ding
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangsen Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuhong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shengchun Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuewei Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Physics, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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12
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Pan Z, Fan X, Li P, Chen W, Liu J, Li W. Enhancing Comprehensive Performance via Capturing and Scattering the Carriers inside PESU-Based Nanocomposite Film Capacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10756-10763. [PMID: 38367030 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Film capacitors have become key electronic components for electrical energy storage installations and high-power electronic systems. Nonetheless, high-temperature and high-electric-field environments would cause a surge of the energy loss, placing a fundamental challenge for film capacitors applied in harsh environments. Here, we constructed a composite film, combining poly(ether sulfone) (PESU) with excellent thermal stability and large-band-gap filler boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs). The introduction of BNNSs would form deep/shallow traps inside the dielectric polymer matrix, effectively affecting charge migration. Via density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the higher highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the BNNS than the matrix facilitate scattering electrons and attracting holes. The resultant composite obtains the desired discharged energy densities (Ud) of 5.89 and 3.86 J/cm3 accompanied by an efficiency above 90% at 150 and 200 °C, respectively, surpassing those of existing dielectric materials at the high-temperature conditions. The paper provides a promising composite dielectric material for high-performance film capacitors capable of operating in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Li
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Solid State Physics & Material Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongbin Pan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Fan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510530, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Microelectronics Science and Engineering, School of Physical Science and Technology and Laboratory of Clean Energy Storage and Conversion, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Chen M, Ong WL, Peng B, Guo X, Ren J, Zhu Y, Li H. Enabling Polymer Single Crystals to Be High-Performance Dielectric. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314685. [PMID: 38158892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Semicrystalline polymer dielectrics (SPDs) are highly sought-after state-of-the-art dielectric materials. As the disorder in SPDs degrades their electrical properties, homogeneously ordered SPDs are desired. However, complex crystallization behaviors of polymers make such homogeneity elusive. Polymer lamellar single crystals (PLSCs), the most regularly-ordered form of SPDs possible under mild crystallizing conditions, are ideal platforms for understanding and developing high-performance dielectric materials. Here, a typical and widely used SPD, polyethylene (PE) is selected as the model material. We successfully obtained, large, uniform, and high-quality PE PLSCs and devised a non-destructive strategy to construct PE PLSC-based vertical capacitors. These nanometer-thick capacitors exhibit exceptional dielectric properties, with a high breakdown strength of 6.95 MV/cm and a low dielectric constant of 2.14±0.07, that outperform the properties of any existing neat PE. This work provides novel insights into exploring the performance possibility of ordered SPDs and reveals the PLSCs as potential high-performance dielectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Wee-Liat Ong
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, College of Energy Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 0000, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 0000, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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14
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Yue D, Zhang W, Wang P, Zhang Y, Teng Y, Yin J, Feng Y. Constructing asymmetric gradient structures to enhance the energy storage performance of PEI-based composite dielectrics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:726-736. [PMID: 38014471 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00907f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the high electric field resistance and energy storage capacity of polymer dielectrics has been a long-standing challenge for the iterations of power equipment. Synergistic inhibition of carrier injection and transport is vital to energy storage performance improvement. Herein, promising polymer polyetherimide (PEI) was employed as a matrix and wider bandgap boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) were used as a reinforcing filler. Utilizing high-throughput stochastic breakdown simulations with the distribution characteristics of BNNSs as parameters, a series of topological gradient structures with the potential to enhance performance were obtained, thereby shortening the experimental cycle. Changing the BNNS distribution of symmetric/asymmetric and positive/inverse gradients, as well as the total and gradient contents of BNNSs, means that the position and condition of the surface barrier layer and central hinder layer change, which influences the energy storage performance of the polymer at room temperature and high temperature. Remarkably, the asymmetric gradient structure composite dielectrics exhibited excellent performances. Among them, the PEI-based composite dielectric with 2 vol% BNNS asymmetric inverse gradient distribution (gradient content of 1 vol%) achieved energy densities of 8.26 and 4.78 J cm-3 at room temperature and 150 °C, respectively. The asymmetric gradient structure design strategy holds great promise for optimizing the energy storage capacity of polymer dielectric capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Puzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
| | - Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China.
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P.R. China
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15
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Lin Y, Li P, Liu W, Chen J, Liu X, Jiang P, Huang X. Application-Driven High-Thermal-Conductivity Polymer Nanocomposites. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3851-3870. [PMID: 38266182 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites combine the merits of polymer matrices and the unusual effects of nanoscale reinforcements and have been recognized as important members of the material family. Being a fundamental material property, thermal conductivity directly affects the molding and processing of materials as well as the design and performance of devices and systems. Polymer nanocomposites have been used in numerous industrial fields; thus, high demands are placed on the thermal conductivity feature of polymer nanocomposites. In this Perspective, we first provide roadmaps for the development of polymer nanocomposites with isotropic, in-plane, and through-plane high thermal conductivities, demonstrating the great effect of nanoscale reinforcements on thermal conductivity enhancement of polymer nanocomposites. Then the significance of the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites in different application fields, including wearable electronics, thermal interface materials, battery thermal management, dielectric capacitors, electrical equipment, solar thermal energy storage, biomedical applications, carbon dioxide capture, and radiative cooling, are highlighted. In future research, we should continue to focus on methods that can further improve the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites. On the other hand, we should pay more attention to the synergistic improvement of the thermal conductivity and other properties of polymer nanocomposites. Emerging polymer nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity should be based on application-oriented research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengli Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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16
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He Q, Qin M, Zhang H, Yue J, Peng L, Liu G, Feng Y, Feng W. Patterned liquid metal embedded in brush-shaped polymers for dynamic thermal management. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:531-544. [PMID: 37982197 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Interface thermal resistance has become a crucial barrier to effective thermal management in high-performance electronics and sensors. The growing complexity of operational conditions, such as irregular and dynamic surfaces, demands thermal interface materials (TIMs) to possess high thermal conductivity and soft elasticity. However, developing materials that simultaneously combine soft elasticity and high thermal conductivity remains a challenging task. Herein, we utilize a vertically oriented graphene aerogel (VGA) and rationally design liquid metal (LM) networks to achieve directional and adjustable pathways within the composite. Subsequently, we leverage the advantages of the low elastic modulus and high deformation capabilities of brush-shaped polydimethylsiloxane (BPDMS), together with the bicontinuous thermal conduction path constructed by VGA and LM networks. Ultimately, the designed composite of patterned liquid metal/vertically oriented graphene aerogel/brush-shaped PDMS (LM-VGA/BPDMS) shows a high thermal conductivity (7.11 W m-1 K-1), an ultra-low elastic modulus (10.13 kPa), excellent resilience, and a low interface thermal resistance (14.1 K mm2 W-1). This LM-VGA/BPDMS soft composite showcases a stable heat dissipation capability at dynamically changing interfaces, as well as excellent adaptability to different irregular surfaces. This strategy holds important application prospects in the fields of interface thermal management and thermal sensing in extremely complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Mengmeng Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Lianqiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Gejun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
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17
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Ding J, Zhou Y, Xu W, Yang F, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Wang Q. Ultraviolet-Irradiated All-Organic Nanocomposites with Polymer Dots for High-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 38117348 PMCID: PMC10733267 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics capable of operating efficiently at high electric fields and elevated temperatures are urgently demanded by next-generation electronics and electrical power systems. While inorganic fillers have been extensively utilized to improved high-temperature capacitive performance of dielectric polymers, the presence of thermodynamically incompatible organic and inorganic components may lead to concern about the long-term stability and also complicate film processing. Herein, zero-dimensional polymer dots with high electron affinity are introduced into photoactive allyl-containing poly(aryl ether sulfone) to form the all-organic polymer composites for high-temperature capacitive energy storage. Upon ultraviolet irradiation, the crosslinked polymer composites with polymer dots are efficient in suppressing electrical conduction at high electric fields and elevated temperatures, which significantly reduces the high-field energy loss of the composites at 200 °C. Accordingly, the ultraviolet-irradiated composite film exhibits a discharged energy density of 4.2 J cm-3 at 200 °C. Along with outstanding cyclic stability of capacitive performance at 200 °C, this work provides a promising class of dielectric materials for robust high-performance all-organic dielectric nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ding
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wenhan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Danying Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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18
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Meng Z, Zhang T, Zhang C, Shang Y, Lei Q, Chi Q. Advances in Polymer Dielectrics with High Energy Storage Performance by Designing Electric Charge Trap Structures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310272. [PMID: 38109702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric capacitors have been developed for nearly a century, and all-polymer film capacitors are currently the most popular. Much effort has been devoted to studying polymer dielectric capacitors and improving their capacitive performance, but their high conductivity and capacitance losses under high electric fields or elevated temperatures are still significant challenges. Although many review articles have reported various strategies to address these problems, to the best of current knowledge, no review article has summarized the recent progress in the high-energy storage performance of polymer-based dielectric films with electric charge trap structures. Therefore, this paper first reviews the charge trap characterization methods for polymeric dielectrics and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. The research progress on the design of charge trap structures in polymer dielectric films, including molecular chain optimization, organic doping, blending modification, inorganic doping, multilayered structures, and the mechanisms of the charge trap-induced enhancement of the capacitive performance of polymers are systematically reviewed. Finally, a summary and outlook on the fundamental theory of charge trap regulation, performance characterization, numerical calculations, and engineering applications are presented. This review provides a valuable reference for improving the insulation and energy storage performance of dielectric capacitive films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Tiandong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Changhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Qingguo Chi
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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19
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Chen J, Pei Z, Chai B, Jiang P, Ma L, Zhu L, Huang X. Engineering the Dielectric Constants of Polymers: From Molecular to Mesoscopic Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2308670. [PMID: 38100840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are essential components of modern-day materials and are widely used in various fields. The dielectric constant, a key physical parameter, plays a fundamental role in the light-, electricity-, and magnetism-related applications of polymers, such as dielectric and electrical insulation, battery and photovoltaic fabrication, sensing and electrical contact, and signal transmission and communication. Over the past few decades, numerous efforts have been devoted to engineering the intrinsic dielectric constant of polymers, particularly by tailoring the induced and orientational polarization modes and ferroelectric domain engineering. Investigations into these methods have guided the rational design and on-demand preparation of polymers with desired dielectric constants. This review article exhaustively summarizes the dielectric constant engineering of polymers from molecular to mesoscopic scales, with emphasis on application-driven design and on-demand polymer synthesis rooted in polymer chemistry principles. Additionally, it explores the key polymer applications that can benefit from dielectric constant regulation and outlines the future prospects of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhantao Pei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Chai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7202, USA
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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20
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Yang M, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Pang H, Dang ZM. Unifying and Suppressing Conduction Losses of Polymer Dielectrics for Superior High-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2309640. [PMID: 38100119 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Superior high-temperature capacitive performance of polymer dielectrics is critical for the modern film capacitor demanded in the harsh-environment electronic and electrical systems. Unfortunately, the capacitive performance degrades rapidly at elevated temperatures owing to the exponential growth of conduction loss. The conduction loss is mainly composed of electrode and bulk-limited conduction. Herein, the contribution of surface and bulk factors is unified to conduction loss, and the loss is thoroughly suppressed. The experimental results demonstrate that the polar oxygen-containing groups on the surface of polymer dielectrics can act as the charge trap sites to immobilize the injected charges from electrode, which can in turn establish a built-in field to weaken the external electric field and augment the injection barrier height. Wide bandgap aluminum oxide (Al2 O3 ) nanoparticle fillers can serve as deep traps to constrain the transport of injected or thermally activated charges in the bulk phase. From this, at 200 °C, the discharged energy density with a discharge-charge efficiency of 90% increases by 1058.06% from 0.31 J cm-3 for pristine polyetherimide to 3.59 J cm-3 for irradiated composite film. The principle of simultaneously inhibiting the electrode and bulk-limited conduction losses could be easily extended to other polymer dielectrics for high-temperature capacitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Yang
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zepeng Wang
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zeren Liu
- Institute of Energy Power Innovation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
- Huairou Laboratory, Beijing, 101499, China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Zhang C, Yang Y, Liu X, Mao M, Li K, Li Q, Zhang G, Wang C. Mobile energy storage technologies for boosting carbon neutrality. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100518. [PMID: 37841885 PMCID: PMC10568306 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon neutrality calls for renewable energies, and the efficient use of renewable energies requires energy storage mediums that enable the storage of excess energy and reuse after spatiotemporal reallocation. Compared with traditional energy storage technologies, mobile energy storage technologies have the merits of low cost and high energy conversion efficiency, can be flexibly located, and cover a large range from miniature to large systems and from high energy density to high power density, although most of them still face challenges or technical bottlenecks. In this review, we provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges of these emerging energy storage technologies (including rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and electrochemical and dielectric capacitors). Innovative materials, strategies, and technologies are highlighted. Finally, the future directions are envisioned. We hope this review will advance the development of mobile energy storage technologies and boost carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minglei Mao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kanghua Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangzu Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325035, China
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22
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Chen J, Pei Z, Liu Y, Shi K, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Jiang P, Huang X. Aromatic-Free Polymers Based All-Organic Dielectrics with Breakdown Self-Healing for High-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306562. [PMID: 37774156 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature dielectric polymers are becoming increasingly desirable for capacitive energy storage in renewable energy utilization, electrified transportation, and pulse power systems. Current dielectric polymers typically require robust aromatic molecular frameworks to ensure structural thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, the introduction of aromatic units compromises electrical insulation owing to pronounced π─π interactions that facilitate electron transport and eliminate the breakdown self-healing property owing to their high carbon content. Herein, an aromatic-free polynorborne copolymer exhibiting electrical conductivity-two orders of magnitude lower than that of state-of-the-art polyetherimide-at elevated temperatures and high electric fields owing to its large bandgap (≈4.64 eV) and short hopping conduction distance (≈0.63 nm) is described. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the copolymer can effectively suppress the excitation of high-field valence electrons. Furthermore, the incorporation of trace semiconductors results in high discharge density (3.73 J cm-3 ) and charge-discharge efficiency (95% at 150 °C), outperforming existing high-temperature dielectric polymers. The excellent electrical breakdown self-healing capability of the copolymer film at elevated temperatures further demonstrates its potential for use in dielectric capacitors capable of continuous operation under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhantao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kunming Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingke Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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23
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Ran Z, Wang R, Fu J, Yang M, Li M, Hu J, He J, Li Q. Spiral-Structured Dielectric Polymers Exhibiting Ultrahigh Energy Density and Charge-Discharge Efficiency at High Temperatures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303849. [PMID: 37532461 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing need for high-power and compact-size energy storage in modern electronic and electrical systems demands polymer film capacitors with excellent temperature capability. However, conventional polymer dielectrics feature dramatic deterioration in capacitive performance under concurrent high temperature and electric field because the high thermal stability traditionally relies on the conjugated, planar molecular segments in the polymer chains. Herein, inspired by the stable double helix structures of deoxyribonucleic acid, spiral-structured dielectric polymers that exhibit simultaneous high thermal stability and great capacitive performance are demonstrated. Both the experimental results and computational simulations confirm that the spiral groups serve to weaken the electrostatic molecular interaction, induce proper molecular chain stacking structure, and regulate the charge transfer process by breaking the conjugated planes and introducing deep trap sites. The resultant polymer exhibits the maximum discharged energy densities of 7.29 and 6.13 J cm-3 with the charge-discharge efficiency above 90% at 150 and 200 °C, respectively, more than ten times those of the original dielectric at the same conditions. Here a completely new dimension is offered for the molecular design of polymers, giving rise to well-balanced thermal and dielectric properties, and ultimately the desired capacitive energy storage performance at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Ran
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rui Wang
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Fu
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingcong Yang
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Manxi Li
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Hu
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinliang He
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qi Li
- A State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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24
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Cao S, Tong H, Wang S, Liu J. Novel Polyetherimide Dielectrics: Molecular Design, Energy Storage Property, and Self-Healing Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300372. [PMID: 37689977 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-temperature resistant dielectrics with excellent dielectric properties and self-healing behavior is crucial for the application of metallized film capacitors. In this work, a series of polyetherimide (PEI) dielectric films are designed and fabricated. The introduction of polar groups is in favor to the increase of permittivity, and the flexible connection such as the ether group will facilitate the reduction of dielectric loss. Moreover, the oxygen elements are beneficial to the "self-healing" of metallized film capacitors. Consequently, the permittivity of 3.53-4.00, dissipation factor of 0.281-0.517%, and Weibull breakdown strength of 347-674 MV m-1 are obtained for the PEI dielectrics. In addition, PEI-4 (BPADA-BAPP) and PEI-8 (BPADA-MDA) are selected to further investigate dielectric breakdown (150 °C), electrical displacement-electric filed (D-E) loop (at room temperature and 150 °C) as well as self-healing performance, which will evaluate their potential in practical applications. The results show that PEI-8 has stable breakdown field strength and high charge-discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures. Metallized film capacitor based on PEI-8 exhibits excellent self-healing performance, with pleasing self-clear morphology, high breakdown voltage, and reduced self-healing energy. Therefore, PEI-8 is considered as a potential candidate for metallized film capacitors applied under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimo Cao
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Tong
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Silin Wang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junbiao Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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25
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Shen Y, Nan CW. High thermal conductivity dielectric polymers show record high capacitive performance at high temperatures. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad224. [PMID: 37818114 PMCID: PMC10561700 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, China
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26
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Mao J, Feng S, Wang S, Ma W, Cheng Y, Chen Y. Improving the High-Temperature Energy Storage Performance of Epoxy Films: Moderately Reducing Unsaturation for Extremely High Efficiency. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15153-15161. [PMID: 37711049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and pulsed equipment requires energy storage media to have a high energy storage density and efficiency in a wide temperature range. The state-of-the-art biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film is insufficient to meet the growing demand for energy storage devices due to its low energy storage density and working temperature, which make it a research hotspot for developing dielectric energy storage materials. In this manuscript, based on the epoxy materials that have been shown as a potential energy storage medium, we aim to reduce the influence of the benzene ring delocalization structure on the energy storage losses and enhance the efficiency by gradually replacing them with cyclohexane structures to adjust the segment unsaturation of epoxy materials. The results show that by partially reducing the unsaturation of the curing agent, the epoxy material achieves an excellent high-temperature energy storage density of 2.21 J/cm3 at 150 °C and 300 MV/m while maintaining an extremely high energy storage efficiency of 99.2%. Leakage current density and high-voltage dielectric spectroscopy tests confirm that a moderate reduction of the segment unsaturation of epoxy materials can greatly inhibit polarization loss at high temperatures, which may explain their high energy storage efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Siyuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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27
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Li J, Liu X, Huang B, Chen D, Chen Z, Li Y, Feng Y, Yin J, Yi H, Li T. Thermally activated dynamic bonding network for enhancing high-temperature energy storage performance of PEI-based dielectrics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3651-3659. [PMID: 37340861 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00499f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
To address the paradox of mutually exclusive confusions between the breakdown strength and polarization of the polymer-based composites at high-temperature, a dynamic multisite bonding network is constructed by connecting the -NH2 groups of polyetherimide (PEI) and Zn2+ in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Owing to the multisite bonding network being dynamically stable at high-temperature, the composites possess a high breakdown strength of 588.1 MV m-1 at 150 °C, which is 85.2% higher than that of PEI. Importantly, the multisite bonding network could be thermally activated at high-temperature to generate extra polarization, which is because the Zn-N coordination bonds are evenly stretched. At similar electric fields, the composites show higher energy storage density at high-temperature compared with that at room temperature, and present excellent cycling stability even with increased electrode size. Finally, the reversible stretching of the multisite bonding network against temperature variation is confirmed by the in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and theoretical calculations. This work presents a pioneering example of the construction of self-adaptive polymer dielectrics in extreme environments, which might be a potential method for designing recyclable polymer-based capacitive dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, China.
| | - Bingshun Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, China.
| | - Dongyang Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhaoru Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 710021, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150080, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150080, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150080, Harbin, China
| | - Haozhe Yi
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California San Diego, 92093-0085, La Jolla (CA), USA
| | - Taoqi Li
- Datong copolymerization (Xi 'an) Technology Co., Ltd, 710021, Xi'an, China
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28
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Chen J, Huang X. Dielectric polymers for emerging energy applications. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00394-8. [PMID: 37385900 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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29
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Tan DQ, Liu Y, Lin X, Huang E, Lin X, Wu X, Lin J, Luo R, Wang T. Exploration of Breakdown Strength Decrease and Mitigation of Ultrathin Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102257. [PMID: 37242832 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene film is the most important organic dielectric in capacitor technology; however, applications such as power electronic devices require more miniaturized capacitors and thinner dielectric films. The commercial biaxially oriented polypropylene film is losing the advantage of its high breakdown strength as it becomes thinner. This work carefully studies the breakdown strength of the film between 1 and 5 microns. The breakdown strength drops rapidly and hardly ensures that the capacitor reaches a volumetric energy density of 2 J/cm3. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray, and SEM analyses showed that this phenomenon has nothing to do with the crystallographic orientation and crystallinity of the film but is closely related to the non-uniform fibers and many voids produced by overstretching the film. Measures must be taken to avoid their premature breakdown due to high local electric fields. An improvement below 5 microns will maintain a high energy density and the important application of polypropylene films in capacitors. Without destroying the physical properties of commercial films, this work employs the ALD oxide coating scheme to augment the dielectric strength of a BOPP in the thickness range below 5 μm, especially its high temperature performance. Therefore, the problem of the reduction in dielectric strength and energy density caused by BOPP thinning can be alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Q Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaotian Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Enling Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515063, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jintao Lin
- Xiamen Faratronic Ltd., Co., Xiamen 361028, China
| | - Ronghai Luo
- Xiamen Faratronic Ltd., Co., Xiamen 361028, China
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