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Hwang J, Lee Y, Yoo SK, Kim JI. Image-based deep learning model using DNA methylation data predicts the origin of cancer of unknown primary. Neoplasia 2024; 55:101021. [PMID: 38943996 PMCID: PMC11261876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare type of metastatic cancer in which the origin of the tumor is unknown. Since the treatment strategy for patients with metastatic tumors depends on knowing the primary site, accurate identification of the origin site is important. Here, we developed an image-based deep-learning model that utilizes a vision transformer algorithm for predicting the origin of CUP. Using DNA methylation dataset of 8,233 primary tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we categorized 29 cancer types into 18 organ classes and extracted 2,312 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) from non-squamous cancer group and 420 DMCs from squamous cell cancer group. Using these DMCs, we created organ-specific DNA methylation images and used them for model training and testing. Model performance was evaluated using 394 metastatic cancer samples from TCGA (TCGA-meta) and 995 samples (693 primary and 302 metastatic cancers) obtained from 20 independent external studies. We identified that the DNA methylation image reveals a distinct pattern based on the origin of cancer. Our model achieved an overall accuracy of 96.95 % in the TCGA-meta dataset. In the external validation datasets, our classifier achieved overall accuracies of 96.39 % and 94.37 % in primary and metastatic tumors, respectively. Especially, the overall accuracies for both primary and metastatic samples of non-squamous cell cancer were exceptionally high, with 96.79 % and 96.85 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinha Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Yeajina Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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2
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Tan M, Cao G, Wang R, Cheng L, Huang W, Yin Y, Ma H, Ho SH, Wang Z, Zhu M, Ran H, Nie G, Wang H. Metal-ion-chelating phenylalanine nanostructures reverse immune dysfunction and sensitize breast tumour to immune checkpoint blockade. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01758-3. [PMID: 39187583 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
An immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment strongly influences response rates in patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade-based cancer immunotherapies, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Here we demonstrate that metal-ion-chelating L-phenylalanine nanostructures synergize with short-term starvation (STS) to remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment of breast and colorectal tumours. These nanostructures modulate the electrophysiological behaviour of dendritic cells and activate them through the NLRP3 inflammasome and calcium-mediated nuclear factor-κB pathway. STS promotes the cellular uptake of nanostructures through amino acid transporters and plays a key role in dendritic cell maturation and tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. This study demonstrates the potential role of metal-ion-chelating L-phenylalanine nanostructures in activating immune responses and the effect of STS treatment in improving nanomaterial-mediated cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixiao Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rupeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Ran
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Spurr LF, Pitroda SP. Clinical and molecular correlates of tumor aneuploidy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19375. [PMID: 39169079 PMCID: PMC11339421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have linked elevated tumor aneuploidy to anti-tumor immune suppression and adverse survival following immunotherapy. Herein, we provide supportive evidence for tumor aneuploidy as a biomarker of response to immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identify a dose-response relationship between aneuploidy score and patient outcomes. In two independent NSCLC cohorts (n = 659 patients), we demonstrate a novel association between elevated aneuploidy and non-smoking-associated oncogenic driver mutations. Lastly, we report enrichment of TERT amplification and immune-suppressive phenotypes of highly aneuploid NSCLC. Taken together, our findings emphasize a potentially critical role for tumor aneuploidy in guiding immunotherapy treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam F Spurr
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean P Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758 S. Maryland Ave. MC 9006, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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4
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Zhao J, Wang L, Zhou A, Wen S, Fang W, Zhang L, Duan J, Bai H, Zhong J, Wan R, Sun B, Zhuang W, Lin Y, He D, Cui L, Wang Z, Wang J. Decision model for durable clinical benefit from front- or late-line immunotherapy alone or with chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. MED 2024; 5:981-997.e4. [PMID: 38781965 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive biomarkers and models of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been extensively studied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, evidence for many biomarkers remains inconclusive, and the opaqueness of machine learning models hinders practicality. We aimed to provide compelling evidence for biomarkers and develop a transparent decision tree model. METHODS We consolidated data from 3,288 ICI-treated patients with NSCLC across real-world multicenter, public cohorts and the Choice-01 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03856411). Over 50 features were examined for predicting durable clinical benefits (DCBs) from ICIs. Noteworthy biomarkers were identified to establish a decision tree model. Additionally, we explored the tumor microenvironment and peripheral CD8+ programmed death-1 (PD-1)+ T cell receptor (TCR) profiles. FINDINGS Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumor histology, PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden, line, and regimen of ICI treatment as significant factors. Mutation subtypes of EGFR, KRAS, KEAP1, STK11, and disruptive TP53 mutations were associated with DCB. The decision tree (DT10) model, using the ten clinicopathological and genomic markers, showed superior performance in predicting DCB in the training set (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.82) and consistently outperformed other models in test sets. DT10-predicted-DCB patients manifested longer survival, an enriched inflamed tumor immune phenotype (67%), and higher peripheral TCR diversity, whereas the DT10-predicted-NDB (non-durable benefit) group showed an enriched desert immune phenotype (86%) and higher peripheral TCR clonality. CONCLUSIONS The model effectively predicted DCB after front-/subsequent-line ICI treatment, with or without chemotherapy, for squamous and non-squamous lung cancer, offering clinicians valuable insights into efficacy prediction using cost-effective variables. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Anda Zhou
- School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Shidi Wen
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Boyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yiwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Danming He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, CAMS Key Laboratory of Translational Research on Lung Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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5
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Li X, Gao ML, Wang SS, Li YL, Liu TN, Xiang H, Liu PN. Engineering an Organic Nanoplatform for Augmented Pyroeletroimmunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400756. [PMID: 38820232 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal immunotherapy has shown great promise in the treatment of tumor metastasis. However, the thermal resistance of tumor cells substantially compromises the treatment effect of photothermal immunotherapy. Herein, a high-performance organic pyroelectric nanoplatform, tBu-TPAD-BF2 nanoparticles (NPs), is rationally engineered for the effective pyroelectroimmunotherapy of tumor metastasis. Biocompatible tBu-TPAD-BF2 NPs with excellent pyroelectric and photothermal conversion properties are constructed by assembling organic, low-bandgap pyroelectric molecules with amphiphilic polymers. After internalization by tumor cells, treatment with tBu-TPAD-BF2 NPs causes an apparent temperature elevation upon near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, inducing potent immunogenic cell death (ICD). Additionally, the temperature variations under alternating NIR laser irradiation facilitate reactive oxygen species production for pyroelectric therapy, thus promoting ICD activation and lowering thermal resistance. Importantly, in vivo assessments illustrate that tBu-TPAD-BF2 NPs in combination with NIR laser exposure notably inhibit primary and distant tumor proliferation and prominently retarded lung metastasis. RNA profiling reveals that treatment with tBu-TPAD-BF2 NPs markedly suppresses metastasis under NIR laser illumination by downregulating metastasis-related genes and upregulating immune response-associated pathways. Therefore, this study provides a strategy for designing high-performance pyroelectric nanoplatforms to effectively cure tumor metastasis, thereby overcoming the inherent shortcomings of photothermal immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Meng-Lu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Tong-Ning Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huijing Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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Chang TG, Cao Y, Sfreddo HJ, Dhruba SR, Lee SH, Valero C, Yoo SK, Chowell D, Morris LGT, Ruppin E. LORIS robustly predicts patient outcomes with immune checkpoint blockade therapy using common clinical, pathologic and genomic features. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:1158-1175. [PMID: 38831056 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the revolutionary impact of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer treatment, accurately predicting patient responses remains challenging. Here, we analyzed a large dataset of 2,881 ICB-treated and 841 non-ICB-treated patients across 18 solid tumor types, encompassing a wide range of clinical, pathologic and genomic features. We developed a clinical score called LORIS (logistic regression-based immunotherapy-response score) using a six-feature logistic regression model. LORIS outperforms previous signatures in predicting ICB response and identifying responsive patients even with low tumor mutational burden or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 expression. LORIS consistently predicts patient objective response and short-term and long-term survival across most cancer types. Moreover, LORIS showcases a near-monotonic relationship with ICB response probability and patient survival, enabling precise patient stratification. As an accurate, interpretable method using a few readily measurable features, LORIS may help improve clinical decision-making in precision medicine to maximize patient benefit. LORIS is available as an online tool at https://loris.ccr.cancer.gov/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Gen Chang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yingying Cao
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hannah J Sfreddo
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Immunogenomics Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saugato Rahman Dhruba
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cristina Valero
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Immunogenomics Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc G T Morris
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Immunogenomics Research Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wu H, Yu Y, Wang W, Lin G, Lin S, Zhang J, Yu Z, Luo J, Ye D, Chi W, Lin X. Prognostic and immunotherapeutic significances of M2 macrophage-related genes signature in lung cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:4985-5006. [PMID: 39132146 PMCID: PMC11310876 DOI: 10.7150/jca.98044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to investigate the immunological significance of M2 macrophage-related genes in lung cancer (LC) patients, specifically focusing on constructing a risk score to predict patient prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Methods: We developed a novel risk score by identifying and incorporating 12 M2 macrophage-related genes. The risk score was calculated by multiplying the expression levels of risk genes by their respective coefficients. Through comprehensive enrichment analysis, we explored the potential functions distinguishing high- and low-risk groups. Moreover, we examined the relationship between patients in different risk groups and immune infiltration as well as their response to immunotherapy. The single-cell RNA sequencing data were acquired to ascertain the spatial pattern of RNF130 expression. The expression of RNF130 was examined using TCGA datasets and verified by HPA. The qRT-PCR was employed to examine RNF130 expression in LC cells. Finally, in vitro experiments were carried out to validate the expression and function of RNF130. Results: Our results indicated that the risk score constructed from 12 M2 macrophage-related genes was an independent prognostic factor. Patients in the high-risk group had a significantly worse prognosis compared to those in the low-risk group. Functional enrichment analysis showed a significant relationship between the risk score and immunity. Furthermore, we explored immune infiltration in different risk groups using seven immune algorithms. The results demonstrated a negative correlation between high-risk group patients and immune infiltration of B cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ cells. We further validated these findings using an immunotherapy response database, which revealed that high-risk patients were more likely to exhibit immune evasion and might have poorer immunotherapy outcomes. Additionally, drug sensitivity analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to certain chemotherapeutic and targeted drugs than those in the low-risk group. Single-cell analysis indicated that macrophages were the primary site of RNF130 distribution. The results from the TCGA and HPA database demonstrated a trend toward a low expression of RNF130 in LC. Finally, in vitro experiments further validated the expression and function of RNF130 in LC cells. Conclusions: The high-risk group constructed with M2 macrophage-related genes in LC was closely associated with poor prognosis, low immune cell infiltration, and poorer response to immunotherapy. This risk score can help differentiate and predict the prognosis and immune status of LC patients, thereby aiding in the development of precise and personalized immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yilin Yu
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Gen Lin
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaolin Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaojun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiewei Luo
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Chi
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Emergency Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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8
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Becker W, Olkhanud PB, Seishima N, Moreno PA, Goldfarbmuren KC, Maeng HM, Berzofsky JA. Second-generation checkpoint inhibitors and Treg depletion synergize with a mouse cancer vaccine in accordance with tumor microenvironment characterization. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008970. [PMID: 38955422 PMCID: PMC11218019 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy for cancer treatment, many cancers remain resistant. Tumors deemed "cold" based on lack of T cell infiltration show reduced potential for CPI therapy. Cancer vaccines may overcome the inadequacy of existing T cells by inducing the needed antitumor T cell response to synergize with CPIs and overcome resistance. METHODS CT26 and TC1 tumor cells were injected subcutaneously into mice. Mice were treated with combinations of CPIs alone or a cancer vaccine specific to the tumor antigen E7 present in TC1 cells. CPIs for the TC1 model were selected because of immunophenotyping TC1 tumors. Antitumor and protumor immunity, tumor size and survival, sequence and timing of vaccine and CPI administration, and efficacy of treatment in young and aged mice were probed. RESULTS While "hot" CT26 tumors are treatable with combinations of second-generation CPIs alone or with anti-TGFβ, "cold" TC1 tumor reduction requires the synergy of a tumor-antigen-specific vaccine in combination with two CPIs, anti-TIGIT and anti-PD-L1, predicted by tumor microenvironment (TME) characterization. The synergistic triple combination delays tumor growth better than any pairwise combination and improves survival in a CD8+T cell-dependent manner. Depletion of CD4+T cells improved the treatment response, and depleting regulatory T cells (Treg) revealed Tregs to be inhibiting the response as also predicted from TME analysis. We found the sequence of CPI and vaccine administration dictates the success of the treatment, and the triple combination administered concurrently induces the highest E7-specific T cell response. Contrary to young mice, in aged mice, the cancer vaccine alone is ineffective, requiring the CPIs to delay tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS These findings show how pre-existing or vaccine-mediated de novo T cell responses can both be amplified by and facilitate synergistic CPIs and Treg depletion that together lead to greater survival, and how analysis of the TME can help rationally design combination therapies and precision medicine to enhance clinical response to CPI and cancer vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Becker
- Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Purevdorj B Olkhanud
- Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noriko Seishima
- Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paloma A Moreno
- Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine C Goldfarbmuren
- Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hoyoung M Maeng
- Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, CCR, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Rajagopal D, MacLeod E, Corogeanu D, Vessillier S. Immune-related adverse events of antibody-based biological medicines in cancer therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18470. [PMID: 38963257 PMCID: PMC11223167 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies (Abs) are an integral modality for the treatment of multiple tumour malignancies. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of rituximab as the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) for cancer treatment, several mAbs and antibody (Ab)-based therapies have been approved for the treatment of solid tumour malignancies and other cancers. These Abs function by either blocking oncogenic pathways or angiogenesis, modulating immune response, or by delivering a conjugated drug. The use of Ab-based therapy in cancer patients who could benefit from the treatment, however, is still limited by associated toxicity profiles which may stem from biological features and processes related to target binding, alongside biochemical and/or biophysical characteristics of the therapeutic Ab. A significant immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with Ab-based therapies is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), characterized by the development of fever, rash and even marked, life-threatening hypotension, and acute inflammation with secondary to systemic uncontrolled increase in a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review irAEs associated with specific classes of approved, Ab-based novel cancer immunotherapeutics, namely immune checkpoint (IC)-targeting Abs, bispecific Abs (BsAbs) and Ab-drug-conjugates (ADCs), highlighting the significance of harmonization in preclinical assay development for safety assessment of Ab-based biotherapeutics as an approach to support and refine clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rajagopal
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
| | - Elliot MacLeod
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
Gilead Sciences, Winchester HouseOxfordUK
| | - Diana Corogeanu
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Conquest HospitalEast SussexUK
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
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10
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Anaya J, Kung J, Baras AS. Characterization of Non-Monotonic Relationships between Tumor Mutational Burden and Clinical Outcomes. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1667-1676. [PMID: 38881193 PMCID: PMC11229404 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Potential clinical biomarkers are often assessed with Cox regressions or their ability to differentiate two groups of patients based on a single cutoff. However, both of these approaches assume a monotonic relationship between the potential biomarker and survival. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is currently being studied as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, and a single cutoff is often used to divide patients. In this study, we introduce a two-cutoff approach that allows splitting of patients when a non-monotonic relationship is present and explore the use of neural networks to model more complex relationships of TMB to outcome data. Using real-world data, we find that while in most cases the true relationship between TMB and survival appears monotonic, that is not always the case and researchers should be made aware of this possibility. SIGNIFICANCE When a non-monotonic relationship to survival is present it is not possible to divide patients by a single value of a predictor. Neural networks allow for complex transformations and can be used to correctly split patients when a non-monotonic relationship is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Anaya
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julia Kung
- Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander S Baras
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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11
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Anglada-Girotto M, Moakley DF, Zhang C, Miravet-Verde S, Califano A, Serrano L. Disentangling the splicing factor programs underlying complex molecular phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.600051. [PMID: 38979366 PMCID: PMC11230296 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of exon inclusion through alternative splicing tunes the cell's behavior by increasing the functional diversity of the transcriptome and the proteome. Splicing factors work in concert to generate gene isoform pools that contribute to cell phenotypes yet their activity is controlled by multiple regulatory and signaling layers. This hinders identification of functional, phenotype-specific splicing factors using traditional single-omic measurements, such as their mutational state or expression. To address this challenge, we propose repurposing the virtual inference of protein activity by enriched regulon analysis (VIPER) to measure splicing factor activity solely from their downstream exon transcriptomic inclusion signatures. This approach is effective in assessing the effect of co-occurring splicing factor perturbations, as well as their post-translational regulation. As proof of concept, we dissect recurrent splicing factor programs underlying tumorigenesis including aberrantly activated factors acting as oncogenes and inactivated ones acting as tumor suppressors, which are undetectable by more conventional methodologies. Activation and inactivation of these cancer splicing programs effectively stratifies overall survival, as well as cancer hallmarks such as proliferation and immune evasion. Altogether, repurposing network-based inference of protein activity for splicing factor networks distills common, functionally relevant splicing programs in otherwise heterogeneous molecular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Anglada-Girotto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Daniel F. Moakley
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, USA 10032
| | - Chaolin Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, USA 10032
| | - Samuel Miravet-Verde
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA 10032
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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12
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Kuang Z, Miao J, Zhang X. Serum albumin and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are potential predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1327449. [PMID: 38911864 PMCID: PMC11190784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1327449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped the treatment landscape of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but only a minority of patients benefit from this therapy. Therefore, it is critical to identify potential risk factors that could predict the efficacy of ICI treatment in SCLC patients and identify patient subgroups who may benefit the most from ICI therapy. Methods Our study included a total of 183 SCLC patients who had received at least one dose of ICI treatment. We utilized both logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate whether various patient clinical factors and serum biomarkers could serve as predictors of patient response to treatment and overall survival (OS) during ICI therapy. Results Logistic regression showed that patients with a history of surgery (p=0.003, OR 9.06, 95% CI: (2.17, 37.9)) and no metastasis (p=0.008, OR 7.82, 95% CI: (1.73, 35.4)) exhibited a higher odds of response to ICI treatment. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that pretreatment blood albumin (p=0.003, HR 1.72, 95% CI: (1.21, 2.45)) and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) (p=0.003, HR 1.71, 95% CI: (1.20-2.44)) were independent predictors for OS in SCLC patients. By establishing a pre-treatment prognostic scoring system based on baseline albumin and dNLR, we found that patients with high albumin and low dNLR exhibited a significantly better prognosis than those with low albumin and high dNLR in both the full (P<.0001, HR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.20-0.55) and the metastatic cohort (P<.0001, HR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.15-0.51). The better prognostic group also had younger age, higher BMI and lower systemic inflammatory biomarker values than the unfavorable group (P<.0001). Conclusion Our data reveals the significant role of metastasis status and treatment history in predicting the initial response of SCLC patients to ICI treatment. However, baseline serum albumin and dNLR provide a more precise prognostic prediction for patient OS. The scoring system based on albumin and dNLR enhances the ability to stratify patient prognosis and holds the potential to guide clinical decision-making for SCLC patients undergoing ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanpeng Kuang
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Miao
- College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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13
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Chen Y, Han H, Cheng J, Cheng Q, Zhu S, Zhan P, Liu H, Song Y, Lv T. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based dual immunotherapies versus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone in patients with advanced solid tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:155. [PMID: 38834888 PMCID: PMC11150353 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based combination therapies. The debate surrounding the potential additive clinical benefits of combination of two immune-oncology (IO) therapies for cancer patients persists. METHODS Both published and grey sources of randomized clinical trials that compared anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy combinations with monotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors were encompassed. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). RESULTS Our analysis encompassed 31 studies comprising 10,341 patients, which covered 12 distinct immune-oncology combination regimens. Across all patients, the immunotherapy combinations exhibited the capability to enhance the ORR (OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.13-1.34]) and extend PFS (HR = 0.91 [95% CI 0.87-0.95]). However, the observed enhancement in OS (HR = 0.96 [95% CI 0.91-1.01]) was of no significance. Greater benefits in terms of PFS (HR = 0.82 [95% CI 0.72 to 0.93]) and OS (HR = 0.85 [95% CI 0.73 to 0.99]) may be particularly pronounced in cases where PD-L1 expression is negative. Notably, despite a heightened risk of any-grade TRAEs (OR = 1.72 [95% CI 1.40-2.11]) and grade greater than or equal to 3 TRAEs (OR = 2.01 [95% CI 1.67-2.43]), toxicity was generally manageable. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that incorporating an additional immunotherapy agent with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can elevate the response rate and reduce the risk of disease progression, all while maintaining manageable toxicity. However, there remains a challenge in translating these primary clinical benefits into extended overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hedong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinpei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Wang J, Meng F, Yeo Y. Delivery of STING agonists for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103105. [PMID: 38461748 PMCID: PMC11162310 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Agonists of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway, a critical mediator of innate immune response to foreign invaders with DNA, have gained significant interest in cancer immunotherapy. STING agonists are envisioned as a way of complementing the antitumor activity of the patient's immune system and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. However, their clinical development has been challenging due to the poor pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. This review discusses drug delivery efforts to circumvent the challenges, their accomplishment, and unmet needs based on the last five years of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fanfei Meng
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 3 Solomont Way, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, 201 South University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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15
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Cao H, Mao J, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang N, Luo P, Xue J, Qi X, Dong X, Liu G, Cheng Q. Liquid biopsy for human cancer: cancer screening, monitoring, and treatment. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e564. [PMID: 38807975 PMCID: PMC11130638 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, tumor treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy have more stringent requirements for obtaining tumor growth information and require more accurate and easy-to-operate tumor information detection methods. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is a novel, minimally invasive, real-time detection tool for detecting information directly or indirectly released by tumors in human body fluids, which is more suitable for the requirements of new tumor treatment modalities. Liquid biopsy has not been widely used in clinical practice, and there are fewer reviews of related clinical applications. This review summarizes the clinical applications of liquid biopsy components (e.g., circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, etc.) in tumorigenesis and progression. This includes the development process and detection techniques of liquid biopsies, early screening of tumors, tumor growth detection, and guiding therapeutic strategies (liquid biopsy-based personalized medicine and prediction of treatment response). Finally, the current challenges and future directions for clinical applications of liquid biopsy are proposed. In sum, this review will inspire more researchers to use liquid biopsy technology to promote the realization of individualized therapy, improve the efficacy of tumor therapy, and provide better therapeutic options for tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of PsychiatryThe School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
- Department of PsychiatryBrain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province)ChangshaChina
| | - Jinning Mao
- Health Management CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Liangchi Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryFengdu People's Hospital, ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of OncologyZhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ji Xue
- Department of NeurosurgeryTraditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Dianjiang ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoya Qi
- Health Management CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiancheng Dong
- Department of Cerebrovascular DiseasesDazhou Central HospitalSichuanChina
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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16
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Widman AJ, Shah M, Frydendahl A, Halmos D, Khamnei CC, Øgaard N, Rajagopalan S, Arora A, Deshpande A, Hooper WF, Quentin J, Bass J, Zhang M, Langanay T, Andersen L, Steinsnyder Z, Liao W, Rasmussen MH, Henriksen TV, Jensen SØ, Nors J, Therkildsen C, Sotelo J, Brand R, Schiffman JS, Shah RH, Cheng AP, Maher C, Spain L, Krause K, Frederick DT, den Brok W, Lohrisch C, Shenkier T, Simmons C, Villa D, Mungall AJ, Moore R, Zaikova E, Cerda V, Kong E, Lai D, Malbari MS, Marton M, Manaa D, Winterkorn L, Gelmon K, Callahan MK, Boland G, Potenski C, Wolchok JD, Saxena A, Turajlic S, Imielinski M, Berger MF, Aparicio S, Altorki NK, Postow MA, Robine N, Andersen CL, Landau DA. Ultrasensitive plasma-based monitoring of tumor burden using machine-learning-guided signal enrichment. Nat Med 2024; 30:1655-1666. [PMID: 38877116 PMCID: PMC7616143 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In solid tumor oncology, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is poised to transform care through accurate assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) and therapeutic response monitoring. To overcome the sparsity of ctDNA fragments in low tumor fraction (TF) settings and increase MRD sensitivity, we previously leveraged genome-wide mutational integration through plasma whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Here we now introduce MRD-EDGE, a machine-learning-guided WGS ctDNA single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy-number variant (CNV) detection platform designed to increase signal enrichment. MRD-EDGESNV uses deep learning and a ctDNA-specific feature space to increase SNV signal-to-noise enrichment in WGS by ~300× compared to previous WGS error suppression. MRD-EDGECNV also reduces the degree of aneuploidy needed for ultrasensitive CNV detection through WGS from 1 Gb to 200 Mb, vastly expanding its applicability within solid tumors. We harness the improved performance to identify MRD following surgery in multiple cancer types, track changes in TF in response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in lung cancer and demonstrate ctDNA shedding in precancerous colorectal adenomas. Finally, the radical signal-to-noise enrichment in MRD-EDGESNV enables plasma-only (non-tumor-informed) disease monitoring in advanced melanoma and lung cancer, yielding clinically informative TF monitoring for patients on immune-checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Widman
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Amanda Frydendahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Halmos
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cole C Khamnei
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadia Øgaard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Srinivas Rajagopalan
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anushri Arora
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aditya Deshpande
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jean Quentin
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jake Bass
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theophile Langanay
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Andersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Will Liao
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mads Heilskov Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tenna Vesterman Henriksen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sarah Østrup Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nors
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Therkildsen
- Gastro Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager - Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jesus Sotelo
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Brand
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua S Schiffman
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronak H Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Colleen Maher
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lavinia Spain
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate Krause
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennie T Frederick
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendie den Brok
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caroline Lohrisch
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tamara Shenkier
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Simmons
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diego Villa
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard Moore
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elena Zaikova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Viviana Cerda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Esther Kong
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Lai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Dina Manaa
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Karen Gelmon
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Genevieve Boland
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Potenski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sam Aparicio
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Michael A Postow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Claus Lindbjerg Andersen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dan A Landau
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Beckabir W, Zhou M, Lee JS, Vensko SP, Woodcock MG, Wang HH, Wobker SE, Atassi G, Wilkinson AD, Fowler K, Flick LM, Damrauer JS, Harrison MR, McKinnon KP, Rose TL, Milowsky MI, Serody JS, Kim WY, Vincent BG. Immune features are associated with response to neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4448. [PMID: 38789460 PMCID: PMC11126571 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) alone, and ICI in combination with chemotherapy, have demonstrated promising pathologic response (
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Beckabir
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jin Seok Lee
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven P Vensko
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark G Woodcock
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hsing-Hui Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sara E Wobker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gatphan Atassi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alec D Wilkinson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Fowler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah M Flick
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Damrauer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael R Harrison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karen P McKinnon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tracy L Rose
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew I Milowsky
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan S Serody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Computational Medicine Program, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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18
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Leek LVM, Notohardjo JCL, de Joode K, Velker EL, Haanen JBAG, Suijkerbuijk KPM, Aarts MJB, de Groot JWB, Kapiteijn E, van den Berkmortel FWPJ, Westgeest HM, de Gruijl TD, Retel VP, Cuppen E, van der Veldt AAM, Labots M, Voest EE, van de Haar J, van den Eertwegh AJM. Multi-omic analysis identifies hypoalbuminemia as independent biomarker of poor outcome upon PD-1 blockade in metastatic melanoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11244. [PMID: 38755213 PMCID: PMC11099084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the prognostic value of hypoalbuminemia in context of various biomarkers at baseline, including clinical, genomic, transcriptomic, and blood-based markers, in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy or anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 combination therapy (n = 178). An independent validation cohort (n = 79) was used to validate the performance of hypoalbuminemia compared to serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) levels. Pre-treatment hypoalbuminemia emerged as the strongest predictor of poor outcome for both OS (HR = 4.01, 95% CI 2.10-7.67, Cox P = 2.63e-05) and PFS (HR = 3.72, 95% CI 2.06-6.73, Cox P = 1.38e-05) in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the association of hypoalbuminemia with PFS was independent of serum LDH, IFN-γ signature expression, TMB, age, ECOG PS, treatment line, treatment type (combination or monotherapy), brain and liver metastasis (HR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.24-6.13, Cox P = 0.0131). Our validation cohort confirmed the prognostic power of hypoalbuminemia for OS (HR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.16-3.38; Cox P = 0.0127) and was complementary to serum LDH in analyses for both OS (LDH-adjusted HR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.2-3.72, Cox P = 0.00925) and PFS (LDH-adjusted HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.08-3.38, Cox P = 0.0261). In conclusion, pretreatment hypoalbuminemia was a powerful predictor of outcome in ICI in melanoma and showed remarkable complementarity to previously established biomarkers, including high LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay V M Leek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica C L Notohardjo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn de Joode
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline L Velker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B A G Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karijn P M Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen J B Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem B de Groot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center Isala, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hans M Westgeest
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valesca P Retel
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Technology and Services Research Department, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Labots
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris van de Haar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Chen W, Miao C, Zhang Z, Fung CSH, Wang R, Chen Y, Qian Y, Cheng L, Yip KY, Tsui SKW, Cao Q. Commonly used software tools produce conflicting and overly-optimistic AUPRC values. Genome Biol 2024; 25:118. [PMID: 38741205 PMCID: PMC11089773 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The precision-recall curve (PRC) and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) are useful for quantifying classification performance. They are commonly used in situations with imbalanced classes, such as cancer diagnosis and cell type annotation. We evaluate 10 popular tools for plotting PRC and computing AUPRC, which were collectively used in more than 3000 published studies. We find the AUPRC values computed by the tools rank classifiers differently and some tools produce overly-optimistic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Miao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cathy Sin-Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kevin Y Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qin Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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20
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Mitra A, Kumar A, Amdare NP, Pathak R. Current Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: Harnessing the Immune Arsenal to Overcome Immune Evasion. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:307. [PMID: 38785789 PMCID: PMC11118874 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immune evasion represents a leading hallmark of cancer, posing a significant obstacle to the development of successful anticancer therapies. However, the landscape of cancer treatment has significantly evolved, transitioning into the era of immunotherapy from conventional methods such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy. Immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal component in cancer treatment, harnessing the body's immune system to combat cancer and offering improved prognostic outcomes for numerous patients. The remarkable success of immunotherapy has spurred significant efforts to enhance the clinical efficacy of existing agents and strategies. Several immunotherapeutic approaches have received approval for targeted cancer treatments, while others are currently in preclinical and clinical trials. This review explores recent progress in unraveling the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion and evaluates the clinical effectiveness of diverse immunotherapy strategies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and antibody-based treatments. It encompasses both established treatments and those currently under investigation, providing a comprehensive overview of efforts to combat cancer through immunological approaches. Additionally, the article emphasizes the current developments, limitations, and challenges in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, by integrating analyses of cancer immunotherapy resistance mechanisms and exploring combination strategies and personalized approaches, it offers valuable insights crucial for the development of novel anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mitra
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals, Noida 201309, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin P. Amdare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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21
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Zhu X, Huang X, Hu M, Sun R, Li J, Wang H, Pan X, Ma Y, Ning L, Tong T, Zhou Y, Ding J, Zhao Y, Xuan B, Fang JY, Hong J, Hon Wong JW, Zhang Y, Chen H. A specific enterotype derived from gut microbiome of older individuals enables favorable responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:489-505.e5. [PMID: 38513657 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but inconsistent responses persist. Our study delves into the intriguing phenomenon of enhanced immunotherapy sensitivity in older individuals with cancers. Through a meta-analysis encompassing 25 small-to-mid-sized trials of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), we demonstrate that older individuals exhibit heightened responsiveness to ICB therapy. To understand the underlying mechanism, we reanalyze single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from multiple studies and unveil distinct upregulation of exhausted and cytotoxic T cell markers within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of older patients. Recognizing the potential role of gut microbiota in modulating the efficacy of immunotherapy, we identify an aging-enriched enterotype linked to improved immunotherapy outcomes in older patients. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments in mice confirm the therapeutic potential of the aging-enriched enterotype, enhancing treatment sensitivity and reshaping the TME. Our discoveries confront the prevailing paradox and provide encouraging paths for tailoring cancer immunotherapy strategies according to an individual's gut microbiome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park. Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muni Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanru Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianying Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoqin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jason Wing Hon Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park. Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Borch A, Carri I, Reynisson B, Alvarez HMG, Munk KK, Montemurro A, Kristensen NP, Tvingsholm SA, Holm JS, Heeke C, Moss KH, Hansen UK, Schaap-Johansen AL, Bagger FO, de Lima VAB, Rohrberg KS, Funt SA, Donia M, Svane IM, Lassen U, Barra C, Nielsen M, Hadrup SR. IMPROVE: a feature model to predict neoepitope immunogenicity through broad-scale validation of T-cell recognition. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360281. [PMID: 38633261 PMCID: PMC11021644 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mutation-derived neoantigens are critical targets for tumor rejection in cancer immunotherapy, and better tools for neoepitope identification and prediction are needed to improve neoepitope targeting strategies. Computational tools have enabled the identification of patient-specific neoantigen candidates from sequencing data, but limited data availability has hindered their capacity to predict which of the many neoepitopes will most likely give rise to T cell recognition. Method To address this, we make use of experimentally validated T cell recognition towards 17,500 neoepitope candidates, with 467 being T cell recognized, across 70 cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy. Results We evaluated 27 neoepitope characteristics, and created a random forest model, IMPROVE, to predict neoepitope immunogenicity. The presence of hydrophobic and aromatic residues in the peptide binding core were the most important features for predicting neoepitope immunogenicity. Conclusion Overall, IMPROVE was found to significantly advance the identification of neoepitopes compared to other current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Borch
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ibel Carri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Birkir Reynisson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heli M. Garcia Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kamilla K. Munk
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Siri A. Tvingsholm
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Sejerø Holm
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina Heeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Keith Henry Moss
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kring Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Samuel A. Funt
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Oncology, Phase 1 Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Barra
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Valero C, León X, Quer M. Host-related indexes in head and neck cancer. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 32:113-117. [PMID: 38116851 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Peripheral blood host-related indexes have been widely studied in cancer patients. Several authors have shown the prognostic capacity of these indexes in head and neck cancer. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in this topic recently. RECENT FINDINGS The main variables analyzed and used to create these host-related indexes are peripheral blood leukocytes - including neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes - albumin and hemoglobin levels. Other factors with proven prognostic capacity in some studies are: platelets, C-reactive protein, and BMI. Among all the combined indexes, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been the most accepted and used worldwide. Nonetheless, there are other indexes which group multiple of these factors that have shown better prognostic capacity, and are promising in the near future. SUMMARY Host-related indexes are ideal biomarkers to be used on our daily-basis. There is enough evidence to start considering them when assessing patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Valero
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Xavier León
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid
- UVIC. Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid
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24
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Splendiani E, Besharat ZM, Covre A, Maio M, Di Giacomo AM, Ferretti E. Immunotherapy in melanoma: Can we predict response to treatment with circulating biomarkers? Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108613. [PMID: 38367867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, representing approximately 4% of all cutaneous neoplasms and accounting for up to 80% of deaths. Advanced stages of melanoma involve metastatic processes and are associated with high mortality and morbidity, mainly due to the rapid dissemination and heterogeneous responses to current therapies, including immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM) and despite being linked to an increase in patient survival, a high percentage of them still do not benefit from it. Accordingly, the number of therapeutic regimens for MM patients using ICIs either alone or in combination with other therapies has increased, together with the need for reliable biomarkers that can both predict and monitor response to ICIs. In this context, circulating biomarkers, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and cells, have emerged due to their ability to reflect disease status. Moreover, blood tests are minimally invasive and provide an attractive option to detect biomarkers, avoiding stressful medical procedures. This systematic review aims to evaluate the possibility of a non-invasive biomarker signature that can guide therapeutic decisions. The studies reported here offer valuable insight into how circulating biomarkers can have a role in personalized treatments for melanoma patients receiving ICIs therapy, emphasizing the need for rigorous clinical trials to confirm findings and establish standardized procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Splendiani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Medical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Medical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Giacomo
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; Medical Oncology, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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25
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Pang R, Sun W, Yang Y, Wen D, Lin F, Wang D, Li K, Zhang N, Liang J, Xiong C, Liu Y. PIEZO1 mechanically regulates the antitumour cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01188-5. [PMID: 38514773 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The killing function of cytotoxic T cells can be enhanced biochemically. Here we show that blocking the mechanical sensor PIEZO1 in T cells strengthens their traction forces and augments their cytotoxicity against tumour cells. By leveraging cytotoxic T cells collected from tumour models in mice and from patients with cancers, we show that PIEZO1 upregulates the transcriptional factor GRHL3, which in turn induces the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF114. RNF114 binds to filamentous actin, causing its downregulation and rearrangement, which depresses traction forces in the T cells. In mice with tumours, the injection of cytotoxic T cells collected from the animals and treated with a PIEZO1 antagonist promoted their infiltration into the tumour and attenuated tumour growth. As an immunomechanical regulator, PIEZO1 could be targeted to enhance the outcomes of cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Sun
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dahan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kailong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Center for Bioinformatics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunyang Xiong
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Clinical Immunology Centre, CAMS, Beijing, China.
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26
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Cao W, Lan J, Hu C, Kong J, Xiang L, Zhang Z, Sun Y, Zeng Z, Lei S. Predicting the prognosis of glioma patients with TERT promoter mutations and guiding the specific immune profile of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5618-5633. [PMID: 38499392 PMCID: PMC11006486 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp) is frequently mutated in gliomas. This study sought to identify immune biomarkers of gliomas with TERTp mutations. Data from TCGA were used to identify and validate survival-associated gene signatures, and immune and stromal scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm. High stromal or immune scores in patients with TERTp-mutant gliomas correlated with shorter overall survival compared to cases with low stromal or immune scores. Among TERTp-mutant gliomas with both high immune and high stromal scores, 213 commonly shared DEGs were identified. Among 71 interacting DEGs representing candidate hub genes in a PPI network, HOXC6, WT1, CD70, and OTP showed significant ability in establishing subgroups of high- and low-risk patients. A risk model based on these 4 genes showed strong prognostic potential for gliomas with mutated TERTp, but was inapplicable for TERTp-wild-type gliomas. TERTp-mutant gliomas with high-risk scores displayed a greater percentage of naïve B cells, plasma cells, naïve CD4 T cells, and activated mast cells than low-risk score gliomas. TIDE analysis indicated that immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy may benefit glioma patients with TERTp mutations. The present risk model can help predict prognosis of glioma patients with TERTp mutations and aid ICB treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Brain Bank for Functions and Diseases of Department of Education of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jinzhi Lan
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Chujiao Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jinping Kong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Limin Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zhixue Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yating Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shan Lei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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27
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Ma F, Li Y, Xiang C, Wang B, Lv J, Wei J, Qin Z, Pu Y, Li K, Teng H, Tan S, Feng J, Shang Z, Wang Y, Tian S, Du C, Han Y, Ding C. Proteomic characterization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma response to immunotherapy reveals potential therapeutic strategy and predictive biomarkers. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:11. [PMID: 38491392 PMCID: PMC10943778 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is the first-line therapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet many patients do not respond due to drug resistance and the lack of reliable predictive markers. We collected 73 ESCC patients (including discovery cohort and validation cohort) without immune thrombocytopenia and undergoing anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of 73 ESCC treatment-naive samples by mass spectrometry-based label-free quantification were applied to explore the potential resistant and sensitive mechanisms, and identify predictive markers of ESCC immunotherapy. Comparative analysis found the pathways related to immune and mitochondrial functions were associated with ESCC immunotherapy sensitivity; while platelet activation bioprocess showed negative correlation with CD8+ T cells and related to ESCC immunotherapy non-sensitivity. Finally, we identified 10 ESCC immunotherapy predictive biomarkers with high accuracy (≥ 0.90) to predict the immunotherapeutic response, which was validated in the independent cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chan Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinzhi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haohua Teng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Subei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhanxian Shang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sha Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changsheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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28
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Nam DY, Rhee JK. Identifying microRNAs associated with tumor immunotherapy response using an interpretable machine learning model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6172. [PMID: 38486102 PMCID: PMC10940311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Predicting clinical responses to tumor immunotherapy is essential to reduce side effects and the potential for sustained clinical responses. Nevertheless, preselecting patients who are likely to respond to such treatments remains highly challenging. Here, we explored the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as predictors of immune checkpoint blockade responses using a machine learning approach. First, we constructed random forest models to predict the response to tumor ICB therapy using miRNA expression profiles across 19 cancer types. The contribution of individual miRNAs to each prediction process was determined by employing SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for model interpretation. Remarkably, the predictive performance achieved by using a small number of miRNAs with high feature importance was similar to that achieved by using the entire miRNA set. Additionally, the genes targeted by these miRNAs were closely associated with tumor- and immune-related pathways. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of miRNA expression data for assessing tumor immunotherapy responses. Furthermore, we confirmed the potential of informative miRNAs as biomarkers for the prediction of immunotherapy response, which will advance our understanding of tumor immunotherapy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeon Nam
- Department of Bioinformatics & Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Keun Rhee
- Department of Bioinformatics & Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Li Y, Wu X, Fang D, Luo Y. Informing immunotherapy with multi-omics driven machine learning. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:67. [PMID: 38486092 PMCID: PMC10940614 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Progress in sequencing technologies and clinical experiments has revolutionized immunotherapy on solid and hematologic malignancies. However, the benefits of immunotherapy are limited to specific patient subsets, posing challenges for broader application. To improve its effectiveness, identifying biomarkers that can predict patient response is crucial. Machine learning (ML) play a pivotal role in harnessing multi-omic cancer datasets and unlocking new insights into immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of cutting-edge ML models applied in omics data for immunotherapy analysis, including immunotherapy response prediction and immunotherapy-relevant tumor microenvironment identification. We elucidate how ML leverages diverse data types to identify significant biomarkers, enhance our understanding of immunotherapy mechanisms, and optimize decision-making process. Additionally, we discuss current limitations and challenges of ML in this rapidly evolving field. Finally, we outline future directions aimed at overcoming these barriers and improving the efficiency of ML in immunotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Collaborative AI in Healthcare, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Center for Collaborative AI in Healthcare, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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30
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Krishna C, Tervi A, Saffern M, Wilson EA, Yoo SK, Mars N, Roudko V, Cho BA, Jones SE, Vaninov N, Selvan ME, Gümüş ZH, Lenz TL, Merad M, Boffetta P, Martínez-Jiménez F, Ollila HM, Samstein RM, Chowell D. An immunogenetic basis for lung cancer risk. Science 2024; 383:eadi3808. [PMID: 38386728 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cancer risk is influenced by inherited mutations, DNA replication errors, and environmental factors. However, the influence of genetic variation in immunosurveillance on cancer risk is not well understood. Leveraging population-level data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen, we show that heterozygosity at the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II loci is associated with reduced lung cancer risk in smokers. Fine-mapping implicated amino acid heterozygosity in the HLA-II peptide binding groove in reduced lung cancer risk, and single-cell analyses showed that smoking drives enrichment of proinflammatory lung macrophages and HLA-II+ epithelial cells. In lung cancer, widespread loss of HLA-II heterozygosity (LOH) favored loss of alleles with larger neopeptide repertoires. Thus, our findings nominate genetic variation in immunosurveillance as a critical risk factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Krishna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anniina Tervi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Miriam Saffern
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric A Wilson
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nina Mars
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Vladimir Roudko
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Byuri Angela Cho
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samuel Edward Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Natalie Vaninov
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myvizhi Esai Selvan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tobias L Lenz
- Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY 11794, USA
| | - Francisco Martínez-Jiménez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona 08035, Spain
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert M Samstein
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diego Chowell
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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31
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Lin S, Wang Y, Cai X, Ye Y, Chen Y. Predictive indicators of immune therapy efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111477. [PMID: 38183910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits high incidence and mortality rates in China. Most cases are often diagnosed at late stages and require multi-strategy therapies. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies, have demonstrated effectiveness in comprehensive HCC treatment. However, the efficacy and prognosis vary greatly among patients. Screening suitable patients and predicting outcomes are crucial for improving the efficacy of ICIs. Although PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells have been used as predictors of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody therapy, they may not consistently correlate with clinical response in some studies; thus, exploring new biomarkers is necessary. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) emerged as a new predictor of ICI immunotherapy efficacy, and its application in HCC is worth exploring. This study utilizes the Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Collection (TCGA-LIHC) project in the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) database for methylation and transcriptome data analysis. The correlation between NLR and ICI immunotherapy efficacy for HCC was evaluated, identifying differentially expressed genes. Analysis revealed 74 up-regulated and 445 down-regulated genes in the high-NLR group compared to the low-NLR group. NLR-related differential methylation analysis identified 68 hypermethylated and 65 hypomethylated probes in the NLR high group. Furthermore, a machine learning model using 27 intersecting genes predicted PD-1 antibody therapy efficacy, achieving an AUC value of 0.813. In summary, we established a predictive model for HCC immunotherapy based on 27 genes related to differential expressions and NLR-associated methylation, showing significant potential for clinical research potential in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xinran Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Yunbin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China.
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32
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Lakatos E, Gunasri V, Zapata L, Househam J, Heide T, Trahearn N, Swinyard O, Cisneros L, Lynn C, Mossner M, Kimberley C, Spiteri I, Cresswell GD, Llibre-Palomar G, Mitchison M, Maley CC, Jansen M, Rodriguez-Justo M, Bridgewater J, Baker AM, Sottoriva A, Graham TA. Epigenome and early selection determine the tumour-immune evolutionary trajectory of colorectal cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579956. [PMID: 38405882 PMCID: PMC10888923 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Immune system control is a major hurdle that cancer evolution must circumvent. The relative timing and evolutionary dynamics of subclones that have escaped immune control remain incompletely characterized, and how immune-mediated selection shapes the epigenome has received little attention. Here, we infer the genome- and epigenome-driven evolutionary dynamics of tumour-immune coevolution within primary colorectal cancers (CRCs). We utilise our existing CRC multi-region multi-omic dataset that we supplement with high-resolution spatially-resolved neoantigen sequencing data and highly multiplexed imaging of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Analysis of somatic chromatin accessibility alterations (SCAAs) reveals frequent somatic loss of accessibility at antigen presenting genes, and that SCAAs contribute to silencing of neoantigens. We observe that strong immune escape and exclusion occur at the outset of CRC formation, and that within tumours, including at the microscopic level of individual tumour glands, additional immune escape alterations have negligible consequences for the immunophenotype of cancer cells. Further minor immuno-editing occurs during local invasion and is associated with TME reorganisation, but that evolutionary bottleneck is relatively weak. Collectively, we show that immune evasion in CRC follows a "Big Bang" evolutionary pattern, whereby genetic, epigenetic and TME-driven immune evasion acquired by the time of transformation defines subsequent cancer-immune evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Lakatos
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Vinaya Gunasri
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Luis Zapata
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jacob Househam
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Timon Heide
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas Trahearn
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ottilie Swinyard
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Luis Cisneros
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Claire Lynn
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Maximilian Mossner
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Chris Kimberley
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Inmaculada Spiteri
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - George D. Cresswell
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gerard Llibre-Palomar
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Mitchison
- Histopathology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carlo C. Maley
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Marnix Jansen
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ann-Marie Baker
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Sottoriva
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Trevor A. Graham
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Chen W, Miao C, Zhang Z, Fung CSH, Wang R, Chen Y, Qian Y, Cheng L, Yip KY, Tsui SKW, Cao Q. Commonly used software tools produce conflicting and overly-optimistic AUPRC values. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.02.578654. [PMID: 38370825 PMCID: PMC10871236 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The precision-recall curve (PRC) and the area under it (AUPRC) are useful for quantifying classification performance. They are commonly used in situations with imbalanced classes, such as cancer diagnosis and cell type annotation. We evaluated 10 popular tools for plotting PRC and computing AUPRC, which were collectively used in >3,000 published studies. We found the AUPRC values computed by the tools rank classifiers differently and some tools produce overly-optimistic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Miao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cathy Sin-Hang Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Shenzhen People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kevin Y. Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qin Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Anand S, Hasan T, Maytin EV. Treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer with pro-differentiation agents and photodynamic therapy: Preclinical and clinical studies (Review). Photochem Photobiol 2024:10.1111/php.13914. [PMID: 38310633 PMCID: PMC11297983 DOI: 10.1111/php.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a nonscarring cancer treatment in which a pro-drug (5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA) is applied, converted into a photosensitizer (protoporphyrin IX, PpIX) which is then activated by visible light. ALA-PDT is now popular for treating nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), but can be ineffective for larger skin tumors, mainly due to inadequate production of PpIX. Work over the past two decades has shown that differentiation-promoting agents, including methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and vitamin D (Vit D) can be combined with ALA-PDT as neoadjuvants to promote tumor-specific accumulation of PpIX, enhance tumor-selective cell death, and improve therapeutic outcome. In this review, we provide a historical perspective of how the combinations of differentiation-promoting agents with PDT (cPDT) evolved, including Initial discoveries, biochemical and molecular mechanisms, and clinical translation for the treatment of NMSCs. For added context, we also compare the differentiation-promoting neoadjuvants with some other clinical PDT combinations such as surgery, laser ablation, iron-chelating agents (CP94), and immunomodulators that do not induce differentiation. Although this review focuses mainly on the application of cPDT for NMSCs, the concepts and findings described here may be more broadly applicable towards improving the therapeutic outcomes of PDT treatment for other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Edward V Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
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Taheri M, Tehrani HA, Daliri F, Alibolandi M, Soleimani M, Shoari A, Arefian E, Ramezani M. Bioengineering strategies to enhance the interleukin-18 bioactivity in the modern toolbox of cancer immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 75:65-80. [PMID: 37813764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are the first modern immunotherapeutic agents used for activation immunotherapy. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has emerged as a potent anticancer immunostimulatory cytokine over the past three decades. IL-18, structurally is a stable protein with very low toxicity at biological doses. IL-18 promotes the process of antigen presentation and also enhances innate and acquired immune responses. It can induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and increase tumor infiltration of effector immune cells to revert the immunosuppressive milieu of tumors. Furthermore, IL-18 can reduce tumorigenesis, suppress tumor angiogenesis, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. These characteristics present IL-18 as a promising option for cancer immunotherapy. Although several preclinical studies have reported the immunotherapeutic potential of IL-18, clinical trials using it as a monotherapy agent have reported disappointing results. These results may be due to some biological characteristics of IL-18. Several bioengineering approaches have been successfully used to correct its defects as a bioadjuvant. Currently, the challenge with this anticancer immunotherapeutic agent is mainly how to use its capabilities in a rational combinatorial therapy for clinical applications. The present study discussed the strengths and weaknesses of IL-18 as an immunotherapeutic agent, followed by comprehensive review of various promising bioengineering approaches that have been used to overcome its disadvantages. Finally, this study highlights the promising application of IL-18 in modern combinatorial therapies, such as chemotherapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, cell-based immunotherapy and cancer vaccines to guide future studies, circumventing the barriers to administration of IL-18 for clinical applications, and bring it to fruition as a potent immunotherapy agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdul Tehrani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Alireza Shoari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Lippenszky L, Mittendorf KF, Kiss Z, LeNoue-Newton ML, Napan-Molina P, Rahman P, Ye C, Laczi B, Csernai E, Jain NM, Holt ME, Maxwell CN, Ball M, Ma Y, Mitchell MB, Johnson DB, Smith DS, Park BH, Micheel CM, Fabbri D, Wolber J, Osterman TJ. Prediction of Effectiveness and Toxicities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Using Real-World Patient Data. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2024; 8:e2300207. [PMID: 38427922 PMCID: PMC10919473 DOI: 10.1200/cci.23.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes in certain patients with cancer, they can also cause life-threatening immunotoxicities. Predicting immunotoxicity risks alongside response could provide a personalized risk-benefit profile, inform therapeutic decision making, and improve clinical trial cohort selection. We aimed to build a machine learning (ML) framework using routine electronic health record (EHR) data to predict hepatitis, colitis, pneumonitis, and 1-year overall survival. METHODS Real-world EHR data of more than 2,200 patients treated with ICI through December 31, 2018, were used to develop predictive models. Using a prediction time point of ICI initiation, a 1-year prediction time window was applied to create binary labels for the four outcomes for each patient. Feature engineering involved aggregating laboratory measurements over appropriate time windows (60-365 days). Patients were randomly partitioned into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. Random forest classifiers were developed using a rigorous model development framework. RESULTS The patient cohort had a median age of 63 years and was 61.8% male. Patients predominantly had melanoma (37.8%), lung cancer (27.3%), or genitourinary cancer (16.4%). They were treated with PD-1 (60.4%), PD-L1 (9.0%), and CTLA-4 (19.7%) ICIs. Our models demonstrate reasonably strong performance, with AUCs of 0.739, 0.729, 0.755, and 0.752 for the pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis, and 1-year overall survival models, respectively. Each model relies on an outcome-specific feature set, though some features are shared among models. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first ML solution that assesses individual ICI risk-benefit profiles based predominantly on routine structured EHR data. As such, use of our ML solution will not require additional data collection or documentation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Lippenszky
- Science and Technology Organization—Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, GE HealthCare, Budapest, Hungary/San Ramon, CA
| | | | - Zoltán Kiss
- Science and Technology Organization—Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, GE HealthCare, Budapest, Hungary/San Ramon, CA
| | - Michele L. LeNoue-Newton
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Pablo Napan-Molina
- Science and Technology Organization—Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, GE HealthCare, Budapest, Hungary/San Ramon, CA
| | - Protiva Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Cheng Ye
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Balázs Laczi
- Science and Technology Organization—Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, GE HealthCare, Budapest, Hungary/San Ramon, CA
| | - Eszter Csernai
- Science and Technology Organization—Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, GE HealthCare, Budapest, Hungary/San Ramon, CA
| | - Neha M. Jain
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- OneOncology, Nashville, TN
| | - Marilyn E. Holt
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN
| | - Christina N. Maxwell
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Madeleine Ball
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Yufang Ma
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Margaret B. Mitchell
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Douglas B. Johnson
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David S. Smith
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Ben H. Park
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Christine M. Micheel
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel Fabbri
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jan Wolber
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE HealthCare, Chalfont St Giles, United Kingdom
| | - Travis J. Osterman
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Sears T, Pagadala M, Castro A, Lee KH, Kong J, Tanaka K, Lippman S, Zanetti M, Carter H. Integrated germline and somatic features reveal divergent immune pathways driving ICB response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575430. [PMID: 38293085 PMCID: PMC10827124 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, however mechanisms determining patient response remain poorly understood. Here we used machine learning to predict ICB response from germline and somatic biomarkers and interpreted the learned model to uncover putative mechanisms driving superior outcomes. Patients with higher T follicular helper infiltrates were robust to defects in the class-I Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC-I). Further investigation uncovered different ICB responses in MHC-I versus MHC-II neoantigen reliant tumors across patients. Despite similar response rates, MHC-II reliant responses were associated with significantly longer durable clinical benefit (Discovery: Median OS=63.6 vs. 34.5 months P=0.0074; Validation: Median OS=37.5 vs. 33.1 months, P=0.040). Characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment reflected MHC neoantigen reliance, and analysis of immune checkpoints revealed LAG3 as a potential target in MHC-II but not MHC-I reliant responses. This study highlights the value of interpretable machine learning models in elucidating the biological basis of therapy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sears
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Meghana Pagadala
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,, USA
| | - Andrea Castro
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Ko-Han Lee
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - JungHo Kong
- Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kairi Tanaka
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Scott Lippman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Moores Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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Jiang Y, Chen H, Lin T, Zhang C, Shen J, Chen J, Zhao Y, Xu W, Wang G, Huang P. Ultrasound-activated prodrug-loaded liposome for efficient cancer targeting therapy without chemotherapy-induced side effects. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:2. [PMID: 38169390 PMCID: PMC10763105 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Off-targeted distribution of chemotherapeutic drugs causes severe side effects, further leading to poor prognosis and patient compliance. Ligand/receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery can improve drug accumulation in the tumor but it always attenuated by protein corona barriers. RESULTS To address these problems, a radically different strategy is proposed that can leave the off-targeted drugs inactive but activate the tumor-distributed drugs for cancer-targeting therapy in a tumor microenvironment-independent manner. The feasibility and effectiveness of this strategy is demonstrated by developing an ultrasound (US)-activated prodrug-loaded liposome (CPBSN38L) comprising the sonosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6)-modified lipids and the prodrug of pinacol boronic ester-conjugated SN38 (PBSN38). Once CPBSN38L is accumulated in the tumor and internalized into the cancer cells, under US irradiation, the sonosensitizer Ce6 rapidly induces extensive production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby initiating a cascade amplified ROS-responsive activation of PBSN38 to release the active SN38 for inducing cell apoptosis. If some of the injected CPBSN38L is distributed into normal tissues, the inactive PBSN38 exerts no pharmacological activity on normal cells. CPBSN38L exhibited strong anticancer activity in multiple murine tumor models of colon adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma with no chemotherapy-induced side effects, compared with the standard first-line anticancer drugs irinotecan and topotecan. CONCLUSIONS This study established a side-effect-evitable, universal, and feasible strategy for cancer-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiaxin Shen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jifan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Research Center for Life Science and Human Health, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Spurr LF, Pitroda SP. Exploiting tumor aneuploidy as a biomarker and therapeutic target in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:1. [PMID: 38167869 PMCID: PMC10761678 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liam F Spurr
- Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean P Pitroda
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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40
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Prelaj A, Miskovic V, Zanitti M, Trovo F, Genova C, Viscardi G, Rebuzzi SE, Mazzeo L, Provenzano L, Kosta S, Favali M, Spagnoletti A, Castelo-Branco L, Dolezal J, Pearson AT, Lo Russo G, Proto C, Ganzinelli M, Giani C, Ambrosini E, Turajlic S, Au L, Koopman M, Delaloge S, Kather JN, de Braud F, Garassino MC, Pentheroudakis G, Spencer C, Pedrocchi ALG. Artificial intelligence for predictive biomarker discovery in immuno-oncology: a systematic review. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:29-65. [PMID: 37879443 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionised treatment of multiple cancer types. However, selecting patients who may benefit from ICI remains challenging. Artificial intelligence (AI) approaches allow exploitation of high-dimension oncological data in research and development of precision immuno-oncology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed original articles studying the ICI efficacy prediction in cancer patients across five data modalities: genomics (including genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics), radiomics, digital pathology (pathomics), and real-world and multimodality data. RESULTS A total of 90 studies were included in this systematic review, with 80% published in 2021-2022. Among them, 37 studies included genomic, 20 radiomic, 8 pathomic, 20 real-world, and 5 multimodal data. Standard machine learning (ML) methods were used in 72% of studies, deep learning (DL) methods in 22%, and both in 6%. The most frequently studied cancer type was non-small-cell lung cancer (36%), followed by melanoma (16%), while 25% included pan-cancer studies. No prospective study design incorporated AI-based methodologies from the outset; rather, all implemented AI as a post hoc analysis. Novel biomarkers for ICI in radiomics and pathomics were identified using AI approaches, and molecular biomarkers have expanded past genomics into transcriptomics and epigenomics. Finally, complex algorithms and new types of AI-based markers, such as meta-biomarkers, are emerging by integrating multimodal/multi-omics data. CONCLUSION AI-based methods have expanded the horizon for biomarker discovery, demonstrating the power of integrating multimodal data from existing datasets to discover new meta-biomarkers. While most of the included studies showed promise for AI-based prediction of benefit from immunotherapy, none provided high-level evidence for immediate practice change. A priori planned prospective trial designs are needed to cover all lifecycle steps of these software biomarkers, from development and validation to integration into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prelaj
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan; Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy; ESMO Real World Data and Digital Health Working Group, ESMO, Lugano, Switzerland.
| | - V Miskovic
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan; Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Zanitti
- Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Trovo
- Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C Genova
- UO Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa
| | - G Viscardi
- Precision Medicine Department, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples
| | - S E Rebuzzi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa; Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale San Paolo, Savona, Italy
| | - L Mazzeo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan; Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Provenzano
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan
| | - S Kosta
- Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Favali
- Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Spagnoletti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan
| | - L Castelo-Branco
- ESMO European Society for Medical Oncology, Lugano, Switzerland; NOVA National School of Public Health, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Dolezal
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - A T Pearson
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - G Lo Russo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan
| | - C Proto
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan
| | - M Ganzinelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan
| | - C Giani
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan
| | - E Ambrosini
- Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London
| | - L Au
- Renal and Skin Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Koopman
- Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands; ESMO Real World Data and Digital Health Working Group, ESMO, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - S Delaloge
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; ESMO Real World Data and Digital Health Working Group, ESMO, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - J N Kather
- Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan
| | - M C Garassino
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - C Spencer
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London.
| | - A L G Pedrocchi
- Nearlab, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Morris LGT. Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen and Immune Escape in Head and Neck Cancer. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:160-165. [PMID: 37249223 PMCID: PMC10687312 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cancer cells evade recognition by the immune system to survive. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by high levels of immune infiltration and mutation-associated neoantigens; therefore, immune evasion is likely to be an important mechanism in HNSCC tumorigenesis and progression. A commonly employed mechanism of immune evasion is downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumor cells. The objective of this study was to integrate multi-dimensional genomic and transcriptomic data from HNSCC tumors to better understand the clinical and immunologic implications of HLA LOH. STUDY TYPE/DESIGN Cross-sectional integrated clinical and genomic analysis. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing data from 522 tumors profiled in The Cancer Genome Atlas HNSCC cohort were analyzed and integrated with secondary analyses including immune cell deconvolution data. Associations were analyzed with categorical hypothesis testing and multivariable logistic and Cox regression. RESULTS HLA LOH was a prevalent event that was identified in 53% of HNSCC tumors; in many cases, more than one class I HLA gene was targeted for LOH. HLA LOH was more common in advanced-stage tumors. Tumors with somatic HLA LOH had tumor microenvironments defined by decreased lymphocyte and T cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS HLA LOH is one of the most prevalent genetic alterations in HNSCC, and is associated with a cold immune microenvironment, suggesting that HLA LOH is a means of immune evasion. It may have value as a predictive biomarker or potential as a cancer cell-specific therapeutic target. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 134:160-165, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc G T Morris
- Department of Surgery (Head and Neck Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Lenz TL. HLA Genes: A Hallmark of Functional Genetic Variation and Complex Evolution. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2809:1-18. [PMID: 38907887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3874-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with its highly polymorphic HLA genes represents one of the most intensely studied genomic regions in the genome. MHC proteins play a key role in antigen-specific immunity and are associated with a wide range of complex diseases. Despite decades of research and many advances in the field, the characterization and interpretation of its genetic and genomic variability remain challenging. Here an overview is provided of the MHC, the nature of its exceptional variability, and the complex evolutionary processes assumed to drive this variability. Highlighted are also recent advances in the field that promise to improve our understanding of the variability in the MHC and in antigen-specific immunity more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias L Lenz
- Research Unit for Evolutionary Immunogenomics, Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Chen N, Yu Y, Shen W, Xu X, Fan Y. Nutritional status as prognostic factor of advanced oesophageal cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:142-153. [PMID: 38043419 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition is reported in 60%-85% of oesophageal cancer (EC) patients. Indicators commonly used in the clinic to evaluate the nutritional status of patients include haemoglobin (Hb), body mass index (BMI), albumin (ALB), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), prealbumin (PAB), transferrin (TRF), and NRS2002 scores. In this study, we explored the associations between pretreatment nutrition-related indicators and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced EC who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS The general clinical data of patients, NRS2002 scores, PNI, and levels of BMI, ALB, Hb, PAB, and TRF at baseline were collected. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test. The chi-squared test was used to compare the differences in the objective response rate (ORR) and the disease control rate (DCR) between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compute the survival curves. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to evaluate factors independently associated with OS and PFS. RESULT Of the 1340 patients diagnosed with EC at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between June 2018 and September 2022, 354 patients with advanced EC who underwent ICI therapy were enrolled. In total, the ORR and DCR were 38.1% and 82.2%, respectively. A significantly worse response to ICI therapy was observed in the Hb-L group and the BMI-L group. The median PFS and OS among all enrolled patients were 6.0 months and 13.3 months, respectively. PFS was significantly associated with pretreatment levels of Hb, ALB, and PAB. OS was significantly associated with pretreatment levels of Hb, ALB, BMI, PNI, TRF, and PAB. The multivariate analysis further demonstrated that Hb was an independent prognostic factor of both OS (P = 0.004) and PFS (P = 0.047), and ALB was an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.045). No independent relevance for OS or PFS was found in the BMI, PNI, TRF, or PAB groups. In this study, the NRS2002 scores was not significantly correlated with the therapeutic response or prognosis of ICI therapy. CONCLUSION Our study indicated the relevance of nutritional status to the efficacy and prognosis of advanced EC patients treated with ICIs. The pretreatment levels of Hb and BMI were significantly related to therapeutic response. The pretreatment levels of Hb, BMI, ALB, PAB, TRF, and PNI were partially associated with survival. Notably, Hb is not only related to therapeutic response but is also an independent prognostic indicator of survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Wanji Shen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yun Fan
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
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Haynes T, Gilbert MR, Breen K, Yang C. Pathways to hypermutation in high-grade gliomas: Mechanisms, syndromes, and opportunities for immunotherapy. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae105. [PMID: 39022645 PMCID: PMC11252568 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in the field of immunotherapy, including the success of immune checkpoint inhibition in treating multiple cancer types, clinical response in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) has been disappointing. This has been in part attributed to the low tumor mutational burden (TMB) of the majority of HGGs. Hypermutation is a recently characterized glioma signature that occurs in a small subset of cases, which may open an avenue to immunotherapy. The substantially elevated TMB of these tumors most commonly results from alterations in the DNA mismatch repair pathway in the setting of extensive exposure to temozolomide or, less frequently, from inherited cancer predisposition syndromes. In this review, we discuss the genetics and etiology of hypermutation in HGGs, with an emphasis on the resulting genomic signatures, and the state and future directions of immuno-oncology research in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuesday Haynes
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Breen
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
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Zhao J, Guo Y, Feng T, Rong D, Kong X, Huang T, Lopez-Lopez V, Yarmohammadi H, Sakamoto Y, Zhu D, Yao A, Xia Y. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy as second-line and third-line regimen for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2549-2558. [PMID: 38196523 PMCID: PMC10772671 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-23-590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is an unmet need regarding subsequent treatments in patients that fail ICI. Regorafenib is a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor, which could increase programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumors and increase intra-tumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration by normalizing the cancer vasculature and improving the efficacy of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody. Thus, we evaluated the combination of regorafenib and a PD-1 inhibitor for advanced HCC patients that had failed combined tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus ICI. Methods Data of patients with advanced HCC who had failed combined TKIs plus ICI treatment and were afterwards treated with combined regorafenib plus a PD-1 inhibitor were reviewed. All patients had received PD-1 inhibitors as part of the first-line treatment and regorafenib every 4 weeks until disease progression, intolerable toxicities, or physician/patient withdrawal. The clinical data, previous treatment strategies, follow-up imaging results, and adverse events (AEs) during follow-ups were recorded. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v. 5.0 was used to evaluate AEs and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v. 1.1 was used to evaluate response. The primary endpoint was safety, and the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and duration of response (DOR). Results From November 15, 2020, to January 31, 2022, data of 17 patients with advanced HCC that met the criteria were reviewed. The cohort included 16 men and 1 woman with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range, 46 to 63 years). Sixteen patients had Child-Pugh class A (n=16, 94.12%) and one with class B (n=1, 15.9%) liver disease. Thirteen patients received second-line treatment, and the remaining patients received third-line treatment. All patients received at least 1 dose of PD-1 inhibitors. The median follow-up duration was 7.62 months. Twelve recipients experienced treatment-related AEs. The most frequent AE (≥5%) included fatigue (17.64%), diarrhea (17.65%), proteinuria (5.88%), bleeding gums (11.76%), and hypertension (11.76%). No grade-4 AE or new safety signals were identified. The ORR and DCR were 41.2% and 64.7%, respectively, and the median PFS was 5.09 months. Conclusions Regorafenib combined with PD-1 inhibitor is a promising regimen in treating patients with advanced HCC owing to its safety and effectiveness as well as low incidence of serious AEs with its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Ili & Jiangsu Joint Institute of Health, Ili, China
| | | | - Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Victor Lopez-Lopez
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Clinic and University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Sakamoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Deming Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Yao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
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Lee AS, Valero C, Yoo SK, Vos JL, Chowell D, Morris LGT. Validation of a Machine Learning Model to Predict Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:175. [PMID: 38201602 PMCID: PMC10778506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease with a generally poor prognosis; half of treated patients eventually develop recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) disease. Patients with R/M HNSCC generally have incurable disease with a median survival of 10 to 15 months. Although immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes in patients with R/M HNSCC, identifying patients who are likely to benefit from ICB remains a challenge. Biomarkers in current clinical use include tumor mutational burden and immunohistochemistry for programmed death-ligand 1, both of which have only modest predictive power. Machine learning (ML) has the potential to aid in clinical decision-making as an approach to estimate a tumor's likelihood of response or a patient's likelihood of experiencing clinical benefit from therapies such as ICB. Previously, we described a random forest ML model that had value in predicting ICB response using 11 or 16 clinical, laboratory, and genomic features in a pan-cancer development cohort. However, its applicability to certain cancer types, such as HNSCC, has been unknown, due to a lack of cancer-type-specific validation. Here, we present the first validation of a random forest ML tool to predict the likelihood of ICB response in patients with R/M HNSCC. The tool had adequate predictive power for tumor response (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.65) and was able to stratify patients by overall (HR = 0.53 [95% CI 0.29-0.99], p = 0.045) and progression-free (HR = 0.49 [95% CI 0.27-0.87], p = 0.016) survival. The overall accuracy was 0.72. Our study validates an ML predictor in HNSCC, demonstrating promising performance in a novel cohort of patients. Further studies are needed to validate the generalizability of this algorithm in larger patient samples from additional multi-institutional contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sangho Lee
- Head and Neck Service and Immunogenomic Oncology Platform, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.L.); (C.V.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Cristina Valero
- Head and Neck Service and Immunogenomic Oncology Platform, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.L.); (C.V.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Seong-keun Yoo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.-k.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Joris L. Vos
- Head and Neck Service and Immunogenomic Oncology Platform, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.L.); (C.V.); (J.L.V.)
| | - Diego Chowell
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (S.-k.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Luc G. T. Morris
- Head and Neck Service and Immunogenomic Oncology Platform, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (A.S.L.); (C.V.); (J.L.V.)
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Zhang J, Wang M, He D, Zhang L, Liu T, Wang K. Synergetic regulation of cancer cells and exhausted T cells to fight cold tumors with a fluorinated EGCG-based nanocomplex. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:420. [PMID: 37957632 PMCID: PMC10644671 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune therapy that targets PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) is attractive to augment immune response by breaking the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 axis. However, T cell exhaustion associated with insufficient T cells infiltration may diminish the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we report a novel delivery system of FEGCG/FPEI@siTOX composed of fluorinated EGCG (FEGCG) and fluorinated polyethyleneimine (FPEI) for delivery of small interfering RNA anti-TOX (thymus high mobility group box protein, TOX) to treat tumor and metastasis. In this way, the reduction in PD-L1 expression by FEGCG can promote T-cell function, while inhibition of TOX expression with siTOX can alleviate T-cell exhaustion. FPEI are designed to deliver siRNA with high efficiency and low toxicity compared to classical PEI. Integrating FEGCG, FPEI and siTOX into such a novel system resulted in excellent anti-tumor and antimetastatic effects. It is a promising delivery system and potential strategy for the treatment of "cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Doudou He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Saal J, Ellinger J, Ritter M, Brossart P, Hölzel M, Klümper N, Bald T. Pretreatment albumin is a prognostic and predictive biomarker for response to atezolizumab across solid tumors. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1472. [PMID: 37946873 PMCID: PMC10632074 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Reliable predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) are lacking. Pretreatment serum albumin, a known prognostic and predictive factor in ICI-treated patients, has been proposed as a potential pharmacokinetic surrogate marker for anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibodies, as it shares a homeostatic pathway with IgG. However, this hypothesis is currently based on theoretical considerations and limited evidence from retrospective data. Therefore, we comprehensively investigated the prognostic and predictive value of pretreatment albumin and its relationship with anti-PD-L1 IgG levels. Methods We analysed pretreatment albumin and atezolizumab serum levels and clinical response in four trials (IMvigor210, IMvigor211, IMmotion151 and OAK) of patients with metastatic lung-, renal- or urothelial cancer who received atezolizumab alone or in combination. Results A total of 3391 patients were analysed. Correlation between serum albumin and atezolizumab levels was weak (Pearson's coefficient 0.23). We found a strong prognostic value for pretreatment serum albumin across all trials. Both atezolizumab serum levels and serum albumin were independently correlated with overall survival. Importantly, in the three randomised phase III clinical trials, the survival benefit for immunotherapy compared with the active comparator arm was limited to patients with pretreatment serum albumin > 35 g L-1. Conclusion Our data do not support the hypothesis that albumin serves as a surrogate for atezolizumab pharmacokinetics. However, we show that albumin on its own exerts strong prognostic value for patients treated with immunotherapy. As benefit from immunotherapy was limited to patients with normal/elevated serum albumin levels, baseline albumin could potentially be used as a predictive marker for immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Saal
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immune‐Oncology and RheumatologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
- Institute of Experimental OncologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO‐ABCD)BonnGermany
| | - Jörg Ellinger
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO‐ABCD)BonnGermany
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO‐ABCD)BonnGermany
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
| | - Peter Brossart
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immune‐Oncology and RheumatologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO‐ABCD)BonnGermany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental OncologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO‐ABCD)BonnGermany
| | - Niklas Klümper
- Institute of Experimental OncologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO‐ABCD)BonnGermany
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
| | - Tobias Bald
- Institute of Experimental OncologyUniversity Medical Center Bonn (UKB)BonnGermany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen/Bonn/Cologne/Düsseldorf (CIO‐ABCD)BonnGermany
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Usaite I, Biswas D, Dijkstra K, Watkins TB, Pich O, Puttick C, Angelova M, Thakkar K, Hiley C, Birkbak N, Kok M, Zaccaria S, Wu Y, Litchfield K, Swanton C, Kanu N. Quantifying the impact of immunotherapy on RNA dynamics in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007870. [PMID: 37914385 PMCID: PMC10626770 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) immunotherapies have provided durable clinical responses across a range of solid tumor types for some patients with cancer. Nonetheless, response rates to CPI vary greatly between cancer types. Resolving intratumor transcriptomic changes induced by CPI may improve our understanding of the mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. METHODS We assembled a cohort of longitudinal pre-therapy and on-therapy samples from 174 patients treated with CPI across six cancer types by leveraging transcriptomic sequencing data from five studies. RESULTS Meta-analyses of published RNA markers revealed an on-therapy pattern of immune reinvigoration in patients with breast cancer, which was not discernible pre-therapy, providing biological insight into the impact of CPI on the breast cancer immune microenvironment. We identified 98 breast cancer-specific correlates of CPI response, including 13 genes which are known IO targets, such as toll-like receptors TLR1, TLR4, and TLR8, that could hold potential as combination targets for patients with breast cancer receiving CPI treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a subset of response genes identified in breast cancer are already highly expressed pre-therapy in melanoma, and additionally we establish divergent RNA dynamics between breast cancer and melanoma following CPI treatment, which may suggest distinct immune microenvironments between the two cancer types. CONCLUSIONS Overall, delineating longitudinal RNA dynamics following CPI therapy sheds light on the mechanisms underlying diverging response trajectories, and identifies putative targets for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Usaite
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Dhruva Biswas
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Krijn Dijkstra
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Bk Watkins
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Oriol Pich
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Clare Puttick
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Mihaela Angelova
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Krupa Thakkar
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Crispin Hiley
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicolai Birkbak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marleen Kok
- Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Zaccaria
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Computational Cancer Genomics Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology and Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Nnennaya Kanu
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
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50
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Blise KE, Sivagnanam S, Betts CB, Betre K, Kirchberger N, Tate B, Furth EE, Dias Costa A, Nowak JA, Wolpin BM, Vonderheide RH, Goecks J, Coussens LM, Byrne KT. Machine learning links T cell function and spatial localization to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563335. [PMID: 37961410 PMCID: PMC10634700 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor molecular datasets are becoming increasingly complex, making it nearly impossible for humans alone to effectively analyze them. Here, we demonstrate the power of using machine learning to analyze a single-cell, spatial, and highly multiplexed proteomic dataset from human pancreatic cancer and reveal underlying biological mechanisms that may contribute to clinical outcome. A novel multiplex immunohistochemistry antibody panel was used to audit T cell functionality and spatial localization in resected tumors from treatment-naive patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) compared to a second cohort of patients treated with neoadjuvant agonistic CD40 (αCD40) monoclonal antibody therapy. In total, nearly 2.5 million cells from 306 tissue regions collected from 29 patients across both treatment cohorts were assayed, and more than 1,000 tumor microenvironment (TME) features were quantified. We then trained machine learning models to accurately predict αCD40 treatment status and disease-free survival (DFS) following αCD40 therapy based upon TME features. Through downstream interpretation of the machine learning models' predictions, we found αCD40 therapy to reduce canonical aspects of T cell exhaustion within the TME, as compared to treatment-naive TMEs. Using automated clustering approaches, we found improved DFS following αCD40 therapy to correlate with the increased presence of CD44+ CD4+ Th1 cells located specifically within cellular spatial neighborhoods characterized by increased T cell proliferation, antigen-experience, and cytotoxicity in immune aggregates. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of machine learning in molecular cancer immunology applications, highlight the impact of αCD40 therapy on T cells within the TME, and identify potential candidate biomarkers of DFS for αCD40-treated patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Blise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Current affiliation: Akoya Biosciences, 100 Campus Drive, 6th Floor, Marlborough, MA USA
| | - Konjit Betre
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Nell Kirchberger
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Benjamin Tate
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Immune Monitoring and Cancer Omics Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Brian M. Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Robert H. Vonderheide
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
| | - Katelyn T. Byrne
- The Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR USA
- Lead contact
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