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Qin C, Zhang W, Xiao C, Qu Y, Xiao J, Wu X, Zhang L, Wang Y, He L, Zhu J, Wang W, Li Y, Sun L, Jiang X. Shared genetic basis connects smoking behaviors and bone health: insights from a genome-wide cross-trait analysis. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:918-928. [PMID: 38843381 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Although the negative association of tobacco smoking with osteoporosis is well-documented, little is known regarding the shared genetic basis underlying these conditions. In this study, we aim to investigate a shared genetic architecture between smoking and heel estimated bone mineral density (eBMD), a reliable proxy for osteoporosis. We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait analysis to identify genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci and causal relationship of smoking with eBMD, leveraging summary statistics of the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies conducted in European ancestry for smoking initiation (Nsmoker = 1 175 108, Nnonsmoker = 1 493 921), heaviness (cigarettes per day, N = 618 489), cessation (Ncurrent smoker = 304 244, Nformer smoker = 843 028), and eBMD (N = 426 824). A significant negative global genetic correlation was found for smoking cessation and eBMD (${r}_g$ = -0.051, P = 0.01), while we failed to identify a significant global genetic correlation of smoking initiation or heaviness with eBMD. Partitioning the whole genome into independent blocks, we observed 6 significant shared local signals for smoking and eBMD, with 22q13.1 showing the strongest regional genetic correlation. Such a genetic overlap was further supported by 71 pleiotropic loci identified in the cross-trait meta-analysis. Mendelian randomization identified no causal effect of smoking initiation (beta = -0.003 g/cm2, 95% CI = -0.033 to 0.027) or heaviness (beta = -0.017 g/cm2, 95% CI = -0.072 to 0.038) on eBMD, but a putative causal effect of genetic predisposition to being a current smoker was associated with a lower eBMD compared to former smokers (beta = -0.100 g/cm2, 95% CI = -0.181 to -0.018). Our study demonstrates a pronounced biological pleiotropy as well as a putative causal link between current smoking status and eBMD, providing novel insights into the primary prevention and modifiable intervention of osteoporosis by advocating individuals to avoid, reduce or quit smoking as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiarui Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Changfeng Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 610041, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingwei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis/Rheumatology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Osteoporosis/Rheumatology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
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Gomez GA, Udayakumar A, Pourteymoor S, Dennis G, Xing W, Mohan S. Evaluation of Potential Roles of Zinc Finger Homeobox 3 (Zfhx3) Expressed in Chondrocytes and Osteoblasts on Skeletal Growth in Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01265-6. [PMID: 39085428 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Bone formation is tightly modulated by genetically encoded molecular proteins that interact to regulate cellular differentiation and secretion of bony matrix. Many transcription factors are known to coordinate these events by controlling gene transcription within networks. However, not all factors involved are known. Here, we identified a novel function for Zinc Finger Homeobox 3 (Zfhx3), a gene encoding a transcription factor, as a regulator of bone metabolism. We knocked out Zfhx3 conditionally in mice in either chondrocytes or osteoblasts and characterized their bones by micro-CT in 12-week-old mice. We observed a negative effect in linear bone growth in both knockout mice but reduced bone mass only in mice with Zfhx3 deleted in osteoblasts. Loss of Zfhx3 expression in osteoblasts affected trabecular bone mass in femurs and vertebrae in both sexes but influenced cortical bone volume fraction only in females. Moreover, transcriptional analysis of femoral bones in osteoblast Zfhx3 conditional knockout mice revealed a reduced expression of osteoblast genes, and histological evaluation of trabecular bones suggests that Zfhx3 causes changes in bone formation and not resorption. The loss of Zfhx3 causes reductions in trabecular bone area and osteoid volume, but no changes in the expression of osteoclast differentiation markers or number of TRAP stained osteoclasts. These studies introduce Zfhx3 as a relevant factor toward understanding gene regulatory networks that control bone formation and development of peak bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Gomez
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Anakha Udayakumar
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Sheila Pourteymoor
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Garrett Dennis
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Weirong Xing
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang X, Wu Y, Shen H, Wang P. Advances of long non-coding RNAs in osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155413. [PMID: 38981344 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption, are specialized multinucleated cells generated from monocyte/macrophage progenitor cells or hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Physiological bone remodeling can become pathological, such as osteoporosis, when osteoclastogenesis is out of balance. Thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence important molecular and biological processes. Recent research has revealed gene expression regulation function that numerous lncRNAs regulate nuclear domain organization, genome stability. Furthermore, the research of lncRNAs has substantial clinical implications for the treatment of existing and new diseases. AREAS COVERED In this review, we gather the most recent research on lncRNAs and their potential for basic research and clinical applications in osteoclast and osteoporosis. We also discuss the findings here in order to fully understand the role of lncRNAs in osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis, as well as to provide a solid basis for future research exploring associated mechanisms and treatments. EXPERT OPINION LncRNA has been considered as an important role in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis. It is exciting to investigate pathophysiological processes in osteoporosis and the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs. We hope that this review will offer promising prospects for the development of precision and individualized approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Quanfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Xinglang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Orthopedic Diseases, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
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Zhang M, Yang E, Qin X, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Fu H, He B. EPSTI1 promotes osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by PKR/NF-κB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150463. [PMID: 39083969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial stromal interaction 1 (EPSTI1) plays an important role in M1 macrophages, which induce osteoclastogenesis. One recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 426,824 individuals has shown that EPSTI1 is strongly associated with osteoporosis (P < 5E-8). Therefore, we speculate that EPSTI1 participates in the modulation of osteoporosis through osteoclastogenesis. The roles of EPSTI1 in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption remain unclear. METHODS Femur specimens were collected from osteoporotic patients and control patients. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of EPSTI1 and signaling pathways. The osteoclastic potential of RAW264.7 cells with Sh-EPSTI1 lentivirus infection was tested using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was also used to examine signaling pathways. RESULTS In this study, EPSTI1 was found to be significantly increased in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive (ACP5+) osteoclasts of bone sections from osteoporotic patients. Next, we identified EPSTI1 as a positive regulator of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast differentiation capability. Diminished EPSTI1 expression resulted in reduced osteoclastic resorption. Mechanistically, EPSTI1-driven osteoclastogenesis was regulated by NF-κB pathway, which was mediated by the phosphorylation of protein kinase R (p-PKR). Furthermore, EPSTI1 participating in the modulation of osteoporosis via PKR/NF-κB pathway was also verified in the bone samples of osteoporotic patients. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggest that EPSTI1 may regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through PKR/NF-κB pathway and in vivo experiments are needed to further verify EPSTI1 as the therapy target for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Center of the First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - E Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Center of the First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Center of the First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyi Fu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Center of the First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bin He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Cosmetology Center of the First Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Abood A, Mesner LD, Jeffery ED, Murali M, Lehe MD, Saquing J, Farber CR, Sheynkman GM. Long-read proteogenomics to connect disease-associated sQTLs to the protein isoform effectors of disease. Am J Hum Genet 2024:S0002-9297(24)00227-1. [PMID: 39079539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A major fraction of loci identified by genome-wide association studies (GWASs) mediate alternative splicing, but mechanistic interpretation is hindered by the technical limitations of short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), which cannot directly link splicing events to full-length protein isoforms. Long-read RNA-seq represents a powerful tool to characterize transcript isoforms, and recently, infer protein isoform existence. Here, we present an approach that integrates information from GWASs, splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs), and PacBio long-read RNA-seq in a disease-relevant model to infer the effects of sQTLs on the ultimate protein isoform products they encode. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using bone mineral density (BMD) GWAS data. We identified 1,863 sQTLs from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project in 732 protein-coding genes that colocalized with BMD associations (H4PP ≥ 0.75). We generated PacBio Iso-Seq data (N = ∼22 million full-length reads) on human osteoblasts, identifying 68,326 protein-coding isoforms, of which 17,375 (25%) were unannotated. By casting the sQTLs onto protein isoforms, we connected 809 sQTLs to 2,029 protein isoforms from 441 genes expressed in osteoblasts. Overall, we found that 74 sQTLs influenced isoforms likely impacted by nonsense-mediated decay and 190 that potentially resulted in the expression of unannotated protein isoforms. Finally, we functionally validated colocalizing sQTLs in TPM2, in which siRNA-mediated knockdown in osteoblasts showed two TPM2 isoforms with opposing effects on mineralization but exhibited no effect upon knockdown of the entire gene. Our approach should be to generalize across diverse clinical traits and to provide insights into protein isoform activities modulated by GWAS loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Abood
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Larry D Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Erin D Jeffery
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mayank Murali
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Micah D Lehe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jamie Saquing
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Gloria M Sheynkman
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; UVA Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Cao Y, Hu Y, Lei F, Zhang X, Liu W, Huang X, Sun T, Lin L, Yi M, Li Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang G, Cheng Z. Associations between leisure-time physical activity and the prevalence and incidence of osteoporosis disease: Cross-sectional and prospective findings from the UK biobank. Bone 2024; 187:117208. [PMID: 39047901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies underscore the protective role of physical activity (PA) in bone health, yet the relationship between different PA categories and osteoporosis risk remains less explored. Understanding the relationships helps tailor health recommendations and policies to maximize the effects of preventing osteoporosis. METHODS The cross-sectional study involves 488,403 UK Biobank participants with heel quantitative ultrasound-estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) data. The longitudinal cohort involves 471,394 UK Biobank participants without initial osteoporosis and with follow-up records. PA exposure categories in our study included sedentary behavior (SB), total PA (TPA), and different category-specific PA including household, leisure, and work PA. The cases of osteoporosis were assessed using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). The linear, logistic, and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used in our study. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, 15,818 (3.28 %) participants had osteoporosis. TPA levels have a positive correlation with eBMD and a negative correlation with osteoporosis prevalence. Among different categories of PA, higher levels of leisure PA were correlated with increased eBMD and a lower osteoporosis risk (leisure PA: OR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.79 to 0.86;). In the longitudinal study, 16,058 (17.6 % male, 82.4 % female) (3.41 %) individuals developed osteoporosis during an average follow-up of 13 years. We observed consistent protective effects of high levels of PA on osteoporosis incidence risk, particularly within the category of leisure PA (TPA: HR: 0.78, 95 % CI: 0.74 to 0.82; leisure PA:HR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.80 to 0.87). Such associations are independent of genetic predisposition, with no evidence of gene-PA interactions, and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone-density. Moreover, among different leisure PA items, strenuous sports, other exercises, and walking for pleasure conferred a substantial protective effect against osteoporosis. Additionally, non-elderly individuals and males exhibited lower osteoporosis risk from PA. CONCLUSION This study highlights activity categories differently associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Adherence to frequent leisure PA may have a protective effect against osteoporosis. Such associations are independent of genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis and keep steady among individuals using drugs affecting bone-density. This highlights that leisure PA could be suggested as a more effective intervention in the primary prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China; State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yulian Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
| | - Fang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maolin Yi
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang, China.
| | - Zhonghua Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huanggang Central Hospital of Yangtze University, Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China.
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King JS, Wan M, Wagley Y, Stestiv M, Kalajzic I, Hankenson KD, Sanjay A. Signaling pathways associated with Lgr6 to regulate osteogenesis. Bone 2024; 187:117207. [PMID: 39033993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Fracture management largely relies on the bone's inherent healing capabilities and, when necessary, surgical intervention. Currently, there are limited osteoinductive therapies to promote healing, making targeting skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) a promising avenue for therapeutic development. A limiting factor for this approach is our incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing SSPCs' behavior. We have recently identified that the Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 6 (Lgr6) is expressed in sub-populations of SSPCs, and is required for maintaining bone volume during adulthood and for proper fracture healing. Lgr family members (Lgr4-6) are markers of stem cell niches and play a role in tissue regeneration primarily by binding R-Spondin (Rspo1-4). This interaction promotes canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling by stabilizing Frizzled receptors. Interestingly, our findings here indicate that Lgr6 may also influence cWnt-independent pathways. Remarkably, Lgr6 expression was enhanced during Bmp-mediated osteogenesis of both human and murine cells. Using biochemical approaches, RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis of published single-cell data, we found that elements of BMP signaling, including its target gene, pSMAD, and gene ontology pathways, are downregulated in the absence of Lgr6. Our findings uncover a molecular interdependency between the Bmp pathway and Lgr6, offering new insights into osteogenesis and potential targets for enhancing fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S King
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Musculoskeletal Research Institute, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Matthew Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Musculoskeletal Research Institute, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marta Stestiv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Musculoskeletal Research Institute, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, The Musculoskeletal Research Institute, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Musculoskeletal Research Institute, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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Feng R, Cheng S, Zhang F, Xu K, Liu L, Yang M, Xu P. Evaluating the association between lifestyle factors and heel bone mineral density in different inflammatory states. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33435. [PMID: 39040264 PMCID: PMC11261795 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale It is unclear whether lifestyle factors affect bone mineral density (BMD) during different inflammatory states. Objective This study investigated the effects of coffee consumption, vitamin D (VD) intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption on heel BMD in adults with different inflammatory states. Methods The phenotypic data from 249,825 participants were analyzed using the UK Biobank cohort. The inflammatory status was evaluated using C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the systemic immune-inflammation index. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between coffee consumption, VD, smoking, alcohol consumption, and heel BMD in adults with different inflammatory states. Linear regression models were used to analyze the interaction between inflammation and the four lifestyle factors with respect to their influence on heel BMD in adults. Results Our findings revealed that VD was positively associated with adult heel BMD (β = 2.41 × 10-2, SE = 5.14 × 10-3, P = 2.72 × 10-6), while alcohol consumption and smoking were negatively associated with adult heel BMD. Coffee was negatively associated with adult heel BMD in low inflammatory states (β = -1.27 × 10-2, SE = 4.79 × 10-3, P = 8.00 × 10-3), while there was no association between coffee and adult heel BMD in high inflammatory states. Overall, it was found that these four lifestyle factors interacted negatively with inflammatory states. Conclusion Our study suggests that VD is positively associated with adult heel BMD and that alcohol consumption and smoking are negatively associated with adult heel BMD. Coffee may reverse the adverse effects of inflammation on BMD when the patient is in a highly inflammatory state, thus acting as a protective agent against heel BMD in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Feng
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710054, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710054, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710054, China
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710054, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710054, China
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9
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Styrkarsdottir U, Tragante V, Stefansdottir L, Thorleifsson G, Oddsson A, Sørensen E, Erikstrup C, Schwarz P, Jørgensen HL, Lauritzen JB, Brunak S, Knowlton KU, Nadauld LD, Ullum H, Pedersen OBV, Ostrowski SR, Holm H, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Obesity Variants in the GIPR Gene Are not Associated With Risk of Fracture or Bone Mineral Density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1608-e1615. [PMID: 38118020 PMCID: PMC11244190 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is not clear if antagonizing the GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptor (GIPR) for treatment of obesity is likely to increase the risk of fractures, or to lower bone mineral density (BMD) beyond what is expected with rapid weight loss. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of fracture and BMD of sequence variants in GIPR that reduce the activity of the GIP receptor and have been associated with reduced body mass index (BMI). METHODS We analyzed the association of 3 missense variants in GIPR, a common variant, rs1800437 (p.Glu354Gln), and 2 rare variants, rs139215588 (p.Arg190Gln) and rs143430880 (p.Glu288Gly), as well as a burden of predicted loss-of-function (LoF) variants with risk of fracture and with BMD in a large meta-analysis of up to 1.2 million participants. We analyzed associations with fractures at different skeletal sites in the general population: any fractures, hip fractures, vertebral fractures and forearm fractures, and specifically nonvertebral and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. We also evaluated associations with BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and with BMD estimated from heel ultrasound (eBMD). RESULTS None of the 3 missense variants in GIPR was significantly associated with increased risk of fractures or with lower BMD. Burden of LoF variants in GIPR was not associated with fractures or with BMD measured with clinically validated DXA, but was associated with eBMD. CONCLUSION Missense variants in GIPR, or burden of LoF variants in the gene, are not associated with risk of fractures or with lower BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | | | | | - Asmundur Oddsson
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik Løvendahl Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Amager Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen 2650, Denmark
| | - Jes Bruun Lauritzen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Kirk U Knowlton
- Intermountain Health, Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA
| | | | - Henrik Ullum
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen 2300, Denmark
| | - Ole Birger Vesterager Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge 4600, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Hilma Holm
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Patrick Sulem
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- Population Genomics, deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 102, Iceland
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10
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Alvarado K, Tang WJ, Watson CJ, Ahmed AR, Gomez AE, Donaka R, Amemiya C, Karasik D, Hsu YH, Kwon RY. Loss of cped1 does not affect bone and lean mass in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.601974. [PMID: 39026892 PMCID: PMC11257572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.601974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Human genetic studies have nominated Cadherin-like and PC-esterase Domain-containing 1 (CPED1) as a candidate target gene mediating bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk heritability. Recent efforts to define the role of CPED1 in bone in mouse and human models have revealed complex alternative splicing and inconsistent results arising from gene targeting, making its function difficult to interpret. To better understand the role of CPED1 in adult bone mass and morphology, we turned to zebrafish, an emerging model for orthopaedic research. We analyzed two different cped1 mutant lines and performed deep phenotyping to characterize more than 200 measures of adult vertebral, craniofacial, and lean tissue morphology. We also examined alternative splicing of zebrafish cped1 and gene expression in various cell/tissue types. Our studies fail to support an essential role of cped1 in adult zebrafish bone. Specifically, homozygous mutants for both cped1 mutant alleles, which are expected to result in loss-of-function and impact all cped1 isoforms, exhibited no significant differences in the measures examined when compared to their respective wildtype controls, suggesting that cped1 does not significantly contribute to these traits. We identified sequence differences in critical residues of the catalytic triad between the zebrafish and mouse orthologs of CPED1, and discuss how these differences, as well as distinct alternative splicing, could underlie different functions of CPED1 orthologs in the two species. Our studies demonstrate that cped1 is not required for normal adult zebrafish bone mass, lean mass, or bone and lean mass morphology, adding to evidence that variants at 7q31.31 can act independently of CPED1 to influence BMD and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis Alvarado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. Joyce Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Claire J. Watson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali R. Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arianna Ericka Gomez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Chris Amemiya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Du S, Chen J, Li J, Qian W, Wu S, Peng Q, Liu Y, Pan T, Li Y, Hadi SS, Tan J, Yuan Z, Wang J, Tang K, Wang Z, Wen Y, Dong X, Zhou W, Ruiz-Linares A, Shi Y, Jin L, Liu F, Zhang M, Wang S. A multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis of facial features and its application in predicting archaic human features. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00181-4. [PMID: 39002897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Facial morphology, a complex trait influenced by genetics, holds great significance in evolutionary research. However, due to limited fossil evidence, the facial characteristics of Neanderthals and Denisovans have remained largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a large-scale multi-ethnic meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS), including 9674 East Asians and 10,115 Europeans, quantitatively assessing 78 facial traits using 3D facial images. We identified 71 genomic loci associated with facial features, including 21 novel loci. We developed a facial polygenic score (FPS) that enables the prediction of facial features based on genetic information. Interestingly, the distribution of FPSs among populations from diverse continental groups exhibited significant correlations with observed facial features. Furthermore, we applied the FPS to predict the facial traits of seven Neanderthals and one Denisovan using ancient DNA, and aligned predictions with the fossil records. Our results suggested that Neanderthals and Denisovans likely shared similar facial features, such as a wider but shorter nose and a wider endocanthion distance. The decreased mouth width was characterized specifically in Denisovan. The integration of genomic data and facial trait analysis provides valuable insights into the evolutionary history and adaptive changes in human facial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sijie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sibte Syed Hadi
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jingze Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Yuan
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225326, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225326, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Kun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Wen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, 13005, France; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225326, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Manfei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Sijia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223 China.
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12
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Zhu S, Chen W, Masson A, Li YP. Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis. Cell Discov 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38956429 PMCID: PMC11219878 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The initiation of osteogenesis primarily occurs as mesenchymal stem cells undergo differentiation into osteoblasts. This differentiation process plays a crucial role in bone formation and homeostasis and is regulated by two intricate processes: cell signal transduction and transcriptional gene expression. Various essential cell signaling pathways, including Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, Hedgehog, PTH, FGF, Ephrin, Notch, Hippo, and Piezo1/2, play a critical role in facilitating osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and bone homeostasis. Key transcriptional factors in this differentiation process include Runx2, Cbfβ, Runx1, Osterix, ATF4, SATB2, and TAZ/YAP. Furthermore, a diverse array of epigenetic factors also plays critical roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis at the transcriptional level. This review provides an overview of the latest developments and current comprehension concerning the pathways of cell signaling, regulation of hormones, and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the commitment and differentiation of osteoblast lineage, as well as in bone formation and maintenance of homeostasis. The paper also reviews epigenetic regulation of osteoblast differentiation via mechanisms, such as histone and DNA modifications. Additionally, we summarize the latest developments in osteoblast biology spurred by recent advancements in various modern technologies and bioinformatics. By synthesizing these insights into a comprehensive understanding of osteoblast differentiation, this review provides further clarification of the mechanisms underlying osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, and bone formation, and highlights potential new therapeutic applications for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Alasdair Masson
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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13
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Mabilleau G, Bouvard B. Gut hormone analogues and skeletal health in diabetes and obesity: Evidence from preclinical models. Peptides 2024; 177:171228. [PMID: 38657908 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and obesity are rapidly growing worldwide. Aside from metabolic disturbances, these two disorders also affect bone with a higher prevalence of bone fractures. In the last decade, a growing body of evidence suggested that several gut hormones, including ghrelin, gastrin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 and 2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2, respectively) may affect bone physiology. Several gut hormone analogues have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and could represent a new alternative in the therapeutic arsenal against bone fragility. In the present review, a summary of the physiological roles of these gut hormones and their analogues is presented at the cellular level but also in several preclinical models of bone fragility disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially on bone mineral density, microarchitecture and bone material properties. The present review also summarizes the impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the more recent dual or triple analogue on bone physiology and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Angers F-49000, France; CHU Angers, Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, UF de Pathologie osseuse, Angers F-49933, France.
| | - Béatrice Bouvard
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS, UMR 1229, SFR ICAT, Angers F-49000, France; CHU Angers, Service de Rhumatologie, Angers F-49933, France
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14
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Yue YS, Liu Y, Lu K, Shi Q, Zhou KX, Li C. Outdoor walking, genetic predisposition, and the risk of incident osteoporosis among older adults: A prospective large population-based cohort study. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:1249-1259. [PMID: 38771526 PMCID: PMC11211113 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This large-scale prospective study showed that a significant association between longer duration of daily outdoor walking and reduced osteoporosis risk was found among older adults, particularly among those with a low genetic predisposition to osteoporosis, which highlighted the importance of outdoor walking as a simple, cost-effective adjunct for preventing osteoporosis. PURPOSE The available cross-sectional data and small-scale studies indicate that outdoor walking benefits bone metabolism. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of comprehensive prospective research investigating the enduring correlation between outdoor walking and osteoporosis. This study aims to conduct a prospective analysis of the correlation between outdoor walking and osteoporosis while also examining potential variations influenced by genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis. METHODS 24,700 older adults without osteoporosis at baseline were enrolled. These individuals were followed up until December 31, 2021, during which data on outdoor walking was gathered. The genetic risk score for osteoporosis was comprised of 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS 4,586 cases of osteoporosis were identified throughout a median follow-up period of 37.3 months. Those who walked outside for > 30 but ≤ 60 min per day had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.95) for incident osteoporosis, whereas those who walked outside for > 60 min per day had an HR of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.39-0.92). We found that osteoporosis risk exhibited a declining trend in individuals with low genetic risk. Individuals walking outside for > 60 min per day tended to have the lowest overall osteoporosis risk among those with high genetic risk. CONCLUSIONS A significant negative correlation exists between an extended period of daily outdoor walking and osteoporosis incidence risk. This correlation is particularly pronounced among individuals with low genetic risk. The results above underscore the significance of outdoor walking as a simple and economical adjunct to public health programs to prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Yue
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai-Xin Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Grigoryan S, Clines GA. Hormonal Control of Bone Architecture Throughout the Lifespan: Implications for Fracture Prediction and Prevention. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:687-694. [PMID: 38631489 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal modeling in childhood and adolescence and continuous remodeling throughout the lifespan are designed to adapt to a changing environment and resist external forces and fractures. The flux of sex steroids in men and women, beginning from fetal development and evolving through infancy, childhood, puberty, young adulthood, peri/menopause transition, and postmenopause, is critical for bone size, peak bone mass, and fracture resistance. OBJECTIVE This review will highlight how changes in sex steroids throughout the lifespan affect bone cells and the consequence of these changes on bone architecture and strength. METHODS Literature review and discussion. RESULTS The contributions of estrogen and testosterone on skeletal development have been difficult to study due to the reciprocal and intertwining contributions of one on the other. Although orchiectomy in men renders circulating testosterone absent, circulating estrogen also declines due to testosterone being the substrate for estradiol. The discovery of men with absent estradiol or resistance to estrogen and the study of mouse models led to the understanding that estrogen has a larger direct role in skeletal development and maintenance in men and women. The mechanistic reason for larger bone size in men is incompletely understood but related to indirect effects of testosterone on the skeleton, such as higher muscle mass leading to larger mechanical loading. Declines in sex steroids during menopause in women and androgen deprivation therapies in men have profound and negative effects on the skeleton. Therapies to prevent such bone loss are available, but how such therapies can be tailored based on bone size and architecture remains an area of investigation. CONCLUSION In this review, the elegant interplay and contribution of sex steroids on bone architecture in men and women throughout the lifespan is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Grigoryan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gregory A Clines
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Endocrinology Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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16
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Choi J, Xu Z, Sun R. Variance-components tests for genetic association with multiple interval-censored outcomes. Stat Med 2024; 43:2560-2574. [PMID: 38636557 PMCID: PMC11116038 DOI: 10.1002/sim.10081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Massive genetic compendiums such as the UK Biobank have become an invaluable resource for identifying genetic variants that are associated with complex diseases. Due to the difficulties of massive data collection, a common practice of these compendiums is to collect interval-censored data. One challenge in analyzing such data is the lack of methodology available for genetic association studies with interval-censored data. Genetic effects are difficult to detect because of their rare and weak nature, and often the time-to-event outcomes are transformed to binary phenotypes for access to more powerful signal detection approaches. However transforming the data to binary outcomes can result in loss of valuable information. To alleviate such challenges, this work develops methodology to associate genetic variant sets with multiple interval-censored outcomes. Testing sets of variants such as genes or pathways is a common approach in genetic association settings to lower the multiple testing burden, aggregate small effects, and improve interpretations of results. Instead of performing inference with only a single outcome, utilizing multiple outcomes can increase statistical power by aggregating information across multiple correlated phenotypes. Simulations show that the proposed strategy can offer significant power gains over a single outcome approach. We apply the proposed test to the investigation that motivated this study, a search for the genes that perturb risks of bone fractures and falls in the UK Biobank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaihee Choi
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Texas, USA
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, USA
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17
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Pragna Lakshmi T, Saini N, Shah MA, Gowrishankar S, Dalal A, Ranganath P. Short stature and dysmorphic features in Asian Indian siblings with DAAM2-associated steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: Expansion of the phenotypic spectrum or a blended phenotype? Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 38860410 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Variants in more than 60 different genes, most of which code for podocyte-related proteins, have been found to be associated with monogenic forms of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Biallelic variants in DAAM2, a member of the formin family, were recently identified to cause autosomal recessive (AR) NS type 24 in four unrelated families with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). This case report represents only the fifth reported family of DAAM2-associated NS and the first from India, with two sibs who presented with a complex phenotype characterized by steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, short stature, dysmorphic facial features, deep-set toenails, myopia, increased thickness of the calvarium of the skull, and sloping ribs. Both sibs were found to have a homozygous likely pathogenic nonsense variant c.196C>T (p.Arg66Ter; NM_001201427.2) in exon 3 of the DAAM2 gene through whole exome sequencing. The dysmorphic features could possibly be part of the DAAM2-related phenotype which has hitherto not been reported or could represent a blended phenotype, with the extrarenal manifestations resulting from a yet to be identified coexisting genetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pragna Lakshmi
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelam Saini
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mehul A Shah
- Little Stars Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prajnya Ranganath
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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18
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Bouvard B, Mabilleau G. Gut hormones and bone homeostasis: potential therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01000-z. [PMID: 38858581 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone resorption follows a circadian rhythm, with a marked reduction in circulating markers of resorption (such as carboxy-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type I in serum) in the postprandial period. Several gut hormones, including glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) and GLP2, have been linked to this effect in humans and rodent models. These hormones are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract in response to a variety of stimuli and effect a wide range of physiological processes within and outside the gut. Single GLP1, dual GLP1-GIP or GLP1-glucagon and triple GLP1-GIP-glucagon receptor agonists have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. In addition, single GIP, GLP1 and GLP2 analogues have been investigated in preclinical studies as novel therapeutics to improve bone strength in bone fragility disorders. Dual GIP-GLP2 analogues have been developed that show therapeutic promise for bone fragility in preclinical studies and seem to exert considerable activity at the bone material level. This Review summarizes the evidence of the action of gut hormones on bone homeostasis and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Bouvard
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS UMR 1229, Angers, France
- CHU Angers, Service de Rhumatologie, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Mabilleau
- Univ Angers, Nantes Université, ONIRIS, Inserm, RMeS UMR 1229, Angers, France.
- CHU Angers, Departement de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, Angers, France.
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19
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Mao R, Peng L, Zhang Y, Li L, Ren Y. The impact of bone mineral density on the risk of falling: evidence from genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization analysis. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03904-2. [PMID: 38851644 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are the most common consequence of low bone mineral density (BMD). However, due to limitations inherent in observational studies, the causal relationship between the two remains unestablished. METHODS This study utilized Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between BMD and the risk of falling, incorporating linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression for genetic correlation assessment. The primary method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW), supplemented with sensitivity analyses and the causal analysis using summary effect estimates (CAUSE) to address heterogeneity and pleiotropy biases. RESULTS LDSC analysis indicated significant genetic correlations between BMD at various sites and falling risk (rg range: -0.82 to 0.76, all P < 0.05). IVW analysis, with False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction, showed a protective causal effect of total body BMD (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88, P = 7.63 × 10-17, PFDR = 1.91 × 10-16), femoral neck BMD (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.75-0.88, P = 3.33 × 10-7, PFDR = 5.55 × 10-7), lumbar spine BMD (OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.91, P = 9.56 × 10-7, PFDR = 1.20 × 10-6), and heel BMD (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.79-0.81, P = 1.69 × 10-39, PFDR = 8.45 × 10-39) on falling risk. No causal relationship was found for forearm BMD (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.94-1.11, P = 0.64, PFDR = 0.64). Replication datasets and CAUSE analysis provided causal evidence consistent with the main findings. CONCLUSION The study established a causal relationship between BMD at four different sites and the risk of falling, highlighting potential areas for targeted prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeng Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Luyao Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Youqian Zhang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yanrui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China.
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20
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Ketchum EH, Groomes CL, Ghersi AN, Graziose BB, Wilson SC, Zven SE, Hicks RL, Langley WA, Reott MA, Schacht JP, Schulz EV, Curtis J. Congenital lymphatic dysplasia and severe bone disease in a term neonate with a novel homozygous PIEZO1 variant. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9082. [PMID: 38883227 PMCID: PMC11176725 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a patient with nonimmune fetal hydrops and multiple pathologic fractures. RNA analysis revealed a novel PIEZO1 variant. This report is the first to elucidate PIEZO1's role as a critical regulator of bone mass and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Ketchum
- Uniformed Services University Bethesda Maryland USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Charles L Groomes
- Uniformed Services University Bethesda Maryland USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Alexis N Ghersi
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Brian B Graziose
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Sharen C Wilson
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Sidney E Zven
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Rebecca L Hicks
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | | | - Michael A Reott
- MNG Laboratories A Labcorp Company Burlington North Carolina USA
| | - John P Schacht
- Uniformed Services University Bethesda Maryland USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Elizabeth V Schulz
- Uniformed Services University Bethesda Maryland USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Jerri Curtis
- Uniformed Services University Bethesda Maryland USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda Maryland USA
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21
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Cai Y, Jun G, Zhuang X. Metformin treatment reduces the incidence of osteoporosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomized study. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:1089-1098. [PMID: 38536446 PMCID: PMC11136748 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-07013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether the association between metformin and osteoporosis (OP) risk is causal. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study suggests a causal relationship between metformin treatment and a decrease in OP and fracture incidence, as well as an increase in bone mineral density (BMD) in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and heel. Nonetheless, no significant causal effect is observed on forearm BMD. PURPOSE We utilize a MR approach to investigate the association between metformin treatment and the risk of OP. METHODS Metformin treatment was selected as exposures. Outcomes included OP; BMD at the forearm (FA), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS); estimated heel bone mineral density (eBMD); and fracture. Summary statistics for exposures and outcomes were obtained from corresponding genome-wide association studies. Inverse variance-weighted (IVW) analysis was mainly applied; the weighted median (WM), penalized weighted median (PWM), maximum likelihood (ML), and MR-Egger regression (MR-Egger) method were also used to obtain robust estimates. A series of sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression, leave-one-out analysis, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) were used to detect pleiotropy or heterogeneity. RESULTS In the main analysis, IVW estimates demonstrated that metformin treatment had a definite causal effect on the risk of OP (odds ratio (OR): 0.859, 95% CI: 0.774-0.953, P = 0.004), LS-BMD (OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.023-1.105, P = 0.002), FN-BMD (OR: 1.034, 95% CI: 1.000-1.069, P = 0.049), eBMD (OR: 1.035, 95% CI: 1.023-1.047, P ≤ 0.001), and fracture(OR: 0.958, 95% CI: 0.928-0.989, P = 0.008). However, it did not have an effect on FA-BMD(OR: 1.050, 95% CI: 0.969-1.138, P = 0.237). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that metformin treatment is significantly associated with a reduction in the risk of OP, fracture and higher LS-BMD, FN-BMD, and eBMD. However, there was no significant association with FA-BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaotian Cai
- Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gao Jun
- Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhuang
- Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 25 North Heping Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Sobczyk MK, Faber BG, Southam L, Frysz M, Hartley A, Zeggini E, Tang H, Gaunt TR. Causal relationships between anthropometric traits, bone mineral density, osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis: A Mendelian randomisation investigation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:719-729. [PMID: 38160745 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Spinal stenosis is a common condition among older individuals, with significant morbidity attached. Little is known about its risk factors but degenerative conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA) have been identified for their mechanistic role. This study aims to explore causal relationships between anthropometric risk factors, OA, and spinal stenosis using Mendelian randomisation (MR) techniques. DESIGN We applied two-sample MR to investigate the causal relationships between genetic liability for select risk factors and spinal stenosis. Next, we examined the genetic relationship between OA and spinal stenosis with linkage disequilibrium score regression and Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect estimates MR method. Finally, we used multivariable MR (MVMR) to explore whether OA and body mass index (BMI) mediate the causal pathways identified. RESULTS Our analysis revealed strong evidence for the effect of higher BMI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.41-1.69, p-value = 2.7 × 10-21), waist (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.15-1.79, p-value = 1.5 × 10-3) and hip (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.27-1.78, p-value = 3.3 × 10-6) circumference on spinal stenosis. Strong evidence of causality was also observed for higher bone mineral density (BMD): total body (OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.12-1.29, p-value = 1.6 × 10-7), femoral neck (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.09-1.37, p-value = 7.5×10-7), and lumbar spine (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.25-1.52, p-value = 4.4 × 10-11). We detected high genetic correlations between spinal stenosis and OA (rg range: 0.47-0.66), with Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect estimates results supporting a causal effect of OA on spinal stenosis (ORallOA = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.41-1.79). Direct effects of BMI, BMD on spinal stenosis remained after adjusting for OA in the MVMR. CONCLUSIONS Genetic susceptibility to anthropometric risk factors, particularly higher BMI and BMD can increase the risk of spinal stenosis, independent of OA status. These results may inform preventative strategies and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Sobczyk
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Benjamin G Faber
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Monika Frysz
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - April Hartley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Haotian Tang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
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23
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Busse E, Lee B, Nagamani SCS. Genetic Evaluation for Monogenic Disorders of Low Bone Mass and Increased Bone Fragility: What Clinicians Need to Know. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:308-317. [PMID: 38600318 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline the principles of clinical genetic testing and to provide practical guidance to clinicians in navigating genetic testing for patients with suspected monogenic forms of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Heritability assessments and genome-wide association studies have clearly shown the significant contributions of genetic variations to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Currently, over 50 monogenic disorders that present primarily with low bone mass and increased risk of fractures have been described. The widespread availability of clinical genetic testing offers a valuable opportunity to correctly diagnose individuals with monogenic forms of osteoporosis, thus instituting appropriate surveillance and treatment. Clinical genetic testing may identify the appropriate diagnosis in a subset of patients with low bone mass, multiple or unusual fractures, and severe or early-onset osteoporosis, and thus clinicians should be aware of how to incorporate such testing into their clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Busse
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sandesh C S Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Aschenbrenner D, Nassiri I, Venkateswaran S, Pandey S, Page M, Drowley L, Armstrong M, Kugathasan S, Fairfax B, Uhlig HH. An isoform quantitative trait locus in SBNO2 links genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease with defective antimicrobial activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4529. [PMID: 38806456 PMCID: PMC11133462 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in linking single genetic variants to single causal genes, the significance of genetic variation on transcript-level regulation of expression, transcript-specific functions, and relevance to human disease has been poorly investigated. Strawberry notch homolog 2 (SBNO2) is a candidate gene in a susceptibility locus with different variants associated with Crohn's disease and bone mineral density. The SBNO2 locus is also differentially methylated in Crohn's disease but the functional mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that the isoforms of SBNO2 are differentially regulated by lipopolysaccharide and IL-10. We identify Crohn's disease associated isoform quantitative trait loci that negatively regulate the expression of the noncanonical isoform 2 corresponding with the methylation signals at the isoform 2 promoter in IBD and CD. The two isoforms of SBNO2 drive differential gene networks with isoform 2 dominantly impacting antimicrobial activity in macrophages. Our data highlight the role of isoform quantitative trait loci to understand disease susceptibility and resolve underlying mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Immunology Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Basel, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Isar Nassiri
- Oxford-GSK Institute of Molecular and Computational Medicine (IMCM), Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sumeet Pandey
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- GSK Immunology Network, GSK Medicines Research Center, Stevenage, UK
| | - Matthew Page
- Translational Bioinformatics, UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Fairfax
- MRC-Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford & Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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25
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Roca-Ayats N, Maceda I, Bruque CD, Martínez-Gil N, Garcia-Giralt N, Cozar M, Mellibovsky L, Van Hul W, Lao O, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Evolutionary and functional analyses of LRP5 in archaic and extant modern humans. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:53. [PMID: 38802968 PMCID: PMC11131306 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human lineage has undergone a postcranial skeleton gracilization (i.e. lower bone mass and strength relative to body size) compared to other primates and archaic populations such as the Neanderthals. This gracilization has been traditionally explained by differences in the mechanical load that our ancestors exercised. However, there is growing evidence that gracilization could also be genetically influenced. RESULTS We have analyzed the LRP5 gene, which is known to be associated with high bone mineral density conditions, from an evolutionary and functional point of view. Taking advantage of the published genomes of archaic Homo populations, our results suggest that this gene has a complex evolutionary history both between archaic and living humans and within living human populations. In particular, we identified the presence of different selective pressures in archaics and extant modern humans, as well as evidence of positive selection in the African and South East Asian populations from the 1000 Genomes Project. Furthermore, we observed a very limited evidence of archaic introgression in this gene (only at three haplotypes of East Asian ancestry out of the 1000 Genomes), compatible with a general erasing of the fingerprint of archaic introgression due to functional differences in archaics compared to extant modern humans. In agreement with this hypothesis, we observed private mutations in the archaic genomes that we experimentally validated as putatively increasing bone mineral density. In particular, four of five archaic missense mutations affecting the first β-propeller of LRP5 displayed enhanced Wnt pathway activation, of which two also displayed reduced negative regulation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data suggest a genetic component contributing to the understanding of skeletal differences between extant modern humans and archaic Homo populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Roca-Ayats
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iago Maceda
- CNAG, Centre Nacional d'Analisi Genòmic, C/ Baldiri I Reixach 4, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad El Calafate - S.A.M.I.C., Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - Núria Martínez-Gil
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Cozar
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, 2650, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Oscar Lao
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Dillard LJ, Calabrese GM, Mesner LD, Farber CR. Cell type-specific network analysis in Diversity Outbred mice identifies genes potentially responsible for human bone mineral density GWAS associations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594981. [PMID: 38826475 PMCID: PMC11142079 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many sources of genetic variation associated with bone mineral density (BMD), a clinical predictor of fracture risk and osteoporosis. Aside from the identification of causal genes, other difficult challenges to informing GWAS include characterizing the roles of predicted causal genes in disease and providing additional functional context, such as the cell type predictions or biological pathways in which causal genes operate. Leveraging single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) can assist in informing BMD GWAS by linking disease-associated variants to genes and providing a cell type context for which these causal genes drive disease. Here, we use large-scale scRNA-seq data from bone marrow-derived stromal cells cultured under osteogenic conditions (BMSC-OBs) from Diversity Outbred (DO) mice to generate cell type-specific networks and contextualize BMD GWAS-implicated genes. Using trajectories inferred from the scRNA-seq data, we identify networks enriched with genes that exhibit the most dynamic changes in expression across trajectories. We discover 21 network driver genes, which are likely to be causal for human BMD GWAS associations that colocalize with expression/splicing quantitative trait loci (eQTL/sQTL). These driver genes, including Fgfrl1 and Tpx2, along with their associated networks, are predicted to be novel regulators of BMD via their roles in the differentiation of mesenchymal lineage cells. In this work, we showcase the use of single-cell transcriptomics from mouse bone-relevant cells to inform human BMD GWAS and prioritize genetic targets with potential causal roles in the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Dillard
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Gina M Calabrese
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Larry D Mesner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Reppe S, Gundersen S, Sandve GK, Wang Y, Andreassen OA, Medina-Gomez C, Rivadeneira F, Utheim TP, Hovig E, Gautvik KM. Identification of Transcripts with Shared Roles in the Pathogenesis of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5554. [PMID: 38791593 PMCID: PMC11121938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests existing comorbidity between postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but identification of possible shared genes is lacking. The skeletal global transcriptomes were analyzed in trans-iliac bone biopsies (n = 84) from clinically well-characterized postmenopausal women (50 to 86 years) without clinical CVD using microchips and RNA sequencing. One thousand transcripts highly correlated with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were further analyzed using bioinformatics, and common genes overlapping with CVD and associated biological mechanisms, pathways and functions were identified. Fifty genes (45 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs) were discovered with established roles in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endothelial function, fibrosis, dyslipidemia and osteoblastogenesis/calcification. These pleiotropic genes with possible CVD comorbidity functions were also present in transcriptomes of microvascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and were differentially expressed between healthy and osteoporotic women with fragility fractures. The results were supported by a genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate approach identifying any overlap in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within several genes encoding aBMD- and CVD-associated transcripts. The study provides transcriptional and genomic evidence for genes of importance for both BMD regulation and CVD risk in a large collection of postmenopausal bone biopsies. Most of the transcripts identified in the CVD risk categories have no previously recognized roles in OP pathogenesis and provide novel avenues for exploring the mechanistic basis for the biological association between CVD and OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, 0440 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sveinung Gundersen
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir K. Sandve
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; (G.K.S.)
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (Y.W.); (O.A.A.)
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (Y.W.); (O.A.A.)
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; (G.K.S.)
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaare M. Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, 0440 Oslo, Norway
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Stevenson AW, Cadby G, Wallace HJ, Melton PE, Martin LJ, Wood FM, Fear MW. Genetic influence on scar vascularity after burn injury in individuals of European ancestry: A prospective cohort study. Burns 2024:S0305-4179(24)00146-3. [PMID: 38902133 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
After burn injury there is considerable variation in scar outcome, partially due to genetic factors. Scar vascularity is one characteristic that varies between individuals, and this study aimed to identify genetic variants contributing to different scar vascularity outcomes. An exome-wide array association study and gene pathway analysis was performed on a prospective cohort of 665 patients of European ancestry treated for burn injury, using their scar vascularity (SV) sub-score, part of the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), as an outcome measure. DNA was genotyped using the Infinium HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip, imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel. Associations between genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and SV were estimated using an additive genetic model adjusting for sex, age, % total body surface area and number of surgical procedures, utilising linear and multinomial logistic regression. No individual genetic variants achieved the cut-off threshold for significance. Gene sets were also analysed using the Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) platform, in which biological processes indirectly related to angiogenesis were significantly represented. This study suggests that SNPs in genes associated with angiogenesis may influence SV, but further studies with larger datasets are essential to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
| | - Gemma Cadby
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hilary J Wallace
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Zhao P, Ying Z, Yuan C, Zhang H, Dong A, Tao J, Yi X, Yang M, Jin W, Tian W, Karasik D, Tian G, Zheng H. Shared genetic architecture highlights the bidirectional association between major depressive disorder and fracture risk. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101418. [PMID: 38737893 PMCID: PMC11086190 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited evidence suggesting that osteoporosis might exacerbate depressive symptoms, while more studies demonstrate that depression negatively affects bone density and increases fracture risk. Aims To explore the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and fracture risk. Methods We conducted a nested case-control analysis (32 670 patients with fracture and 397 017 individuals without fracture) and a matched cohort analysis (16 496 patients with MDD and 435 492 individuals without MDD) in the same prospective UK Biobank data set. Further, we investigated the shared genetic architecture between MDD and fracture with linkage disequilibrium score regression and the MiXeR statistical tools. We used the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate approach to identify the specific shared loci. We calculated the weighted genetic risk score for individuals in the UK Biobank and logistic regression was used to confirm the association observed in the prospective study. Results We found that MDD was associated with a 14% increase in fracture risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.15, p<0.001) in the nested case-control analysis, while fracture was associated with a 72% increase in MDD risk (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.64 to 1.79, p<0.001) in the matched cohort analysis, suggesting a longitudinal and bidirectional relationship. Further, genetic summary data suggested a genetic overlap between MDD and fracture. Specifically, we identified four shared genomic loci, with the top signal (rs7554101) near SGIP1. The protein encoded by SGIP1 is involved in cannabinoid receptor type 1 signalling. We found that genetically predicted MDD was associated with a higher risk of fracture and vice versa. In addition, we found that the higher expression level of SGIP1 in the spinal cord and muscle was associated with an increased risk of fracture and MDD. Conclusions The genetic pleiotropy between MDD and fracture highlights the bidirectional association observed in the epidemiological analysis. The shared genetic components (such as SGIP1) between the diseases suggest that modulating the endocannabinoid system could be a potential therapeutic strategy for both MDD and bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Zhao
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhimin Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengda Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
| | - Ao Dong
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianguo Tao
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjiao Yi
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Jin
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Department of Global Statistics, Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, New Jersey, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Geng Tian
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Houfeng Zheng
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou,Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang W, Lu T, Sladek R, Li Y, Najafabadi H, Dupuis J. SharePro: an accurate and efficient genetic colocalization method accounting for multiple causal signals. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae295. [PMID: 38688586 PMCID: PMC11105950 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Colocalization analysis is commonly used to assess whether two or more traits share the same genetic signals identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and is important for prioritizing targets for functional follow-up of GWAS results. Existing colocalization methods can have suboptimal performance when there are multiple causal variants in one genomic locus. RESULTS We propose SharePro to extend the COLOC framework for colocalization analysis. SharePro integrates linkage disequilibrium (LD) modeling and colocalization assessment by grouping correlated variants into effect groups. With an efficient variational inference algorithm, posterior colocalization probabilities can be accurately estimated. In simulation studies, SharePro demonstrated increased power with a well-controlled false positive rate at a low computational cost. Compared to existing methods, SharePro provided stronger and more consistent colocalization evidence for known lipid-lowering drug target proteins and their corresponding lipid traits. Through an additional challenging case of the colocalization analysis of the circulating abundance of R-spondin 3 GWAS and estimated bone mineral density GWAS, we demonstrated the utility of SharePro in identifying biologically plausible colocalized signals. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION SharePro for colocalization analysis is written in Python and openly available at https://github.com/zhwm/SharePro_coloc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zhang
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1E3, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Robert Sladek
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1E3, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Yue Li
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1E3, Canada
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Hamed Najafabadi
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1E3, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1E3, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, McGill College, QC H3A 1Y7, Canada
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Wu Q, Dai J. Enhanced osteoporotic fracture prediction in postmenopausal women using Bayesian optimization of machine learning models with genetic risk score. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:462-472. [PMID: 38477741 PMCID: PMC11262147 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the fracture risk prediction accuracy in major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) and hip fractures (HFs) by integrating genetic profiles, machine learning (ML) techniques, and Bayesian optimization. The genetic risk score (GRS), derived from 1,103 risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), was formulated for 25,772 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative dataset. We developed four ML models: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, XGBoost, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for binary fracture outcome and 10-year fracture risk prediction. GRS and FRAX clinical risk factors (CRFs) were used as predictors. Death as a competing risk was accounted for in ML models for time-to-fracture data. ML models were subsequently fine-tuned through Bayesian optimization, which displayed marked superiority over traditional grid search. Evaluation of the models' performance considered an array of metrics such as accuracy, weighted F1 Score, the area under the precision-recall curve (PRAUC), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for binary fracture predictions, and the C-index, Brier score, and dynamic mean AUC over a 10-year follow-up period for fracture risk predictions. We found that GRS-integrated XGBoost with Bayesian optimization is the most effective model, with an accuracy of 91.2% (95% CI: 90.4-92.0%) and an AUC of 0.739 (95% CI: 0.731-0.746) in MOF binary predictions. For 10-year fracture risk modeling, the XGBoost model attained a C-index of 0.795 (95% CI: 0.783-0.806) and a mean dynamic AUC of 0.799 (95% CI: 0.788-0.809). Compared to FRAX, the XGBoost model exhibited a categorical net reclassification improvement (NRI) of 22.6% (P = .004). A sensitivity analysis, which included BMD but lacked GRS, reaffirmed these findings. Furthermore, portability tests in diverse non-European groups, including Asians and African Americans, underscored the model's robustness and adaptability. This study accentuates the potential of combining genetic insights and optimized ML in strengthening fracture predictions, heralding new preventive strategies for postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (Dr. Qing Wu, Jingyuan Dai), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jingyuan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (Dr. Qing Wu, Jingyuan Dai), College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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32
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Lu H, Lary CW, Hodonsky CJ, Peyser PA, Bos D, van der Laan SW, Miller CL, Rivadeneira F, Kiel DP, Kavousi M, Medina-Gomez C. Association between BMD and coronary artery calcification: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:443-452. [PMID: 38477752 PMCID: PMC11262143 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies have reported inconsistent associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification (CAC). We examined the observational association of BMD with CAC in 2 large population-based studies and evaluated the evidence for a potential causal relation between BMD and CAC using polygenic risk scores (PRS), 1- and 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Our study populations comprised 1414 individuals (mean age 69.9 yr, 52.0% women) from the Rotterdam Study and 2233 individuals (mean age 56.5 yr, 50.9% women) from the Framingham Heart Study with complete information on CAC and BMD measurements at the total body (TB-), lumbar spine (LS-), and femoral neck (FN-). We used linear regression models to evaluate the observational association between BMD and CAC. Subsequently, we compared the mean CAC across PRSBMD quintile groups at different skeletal sites. In addition, we used the 2-stage least squares regression and the inverse variance weighted (IVW) model as primary methods for 1- and 2-sample MR to test evidence for a potentially causal association. We did not observe robust associations between measured BMD levels and CAC. These results were consistent with a uniform random distribution of mean CAC across PRSBMD quintile groups (P-value > .05). Moreover, neither 1- nor 2-sample MR supported the possible causal association between BMD and CAC. Our results do not support the contention that lower BMD is (causally) associated with an increased CAC risk. These findings suggest that previously reported epidemiological associations of BMD with CAC are likely explained by unmeasured confounders or shared etiology, rather than by causal pathways underlying both osteoporosis and vascular calcification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Christine W Lary
- Roux Institute at Northeastern University, Portland, ME 04101, United States
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Daniel Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, CX 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA 02131, United States
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, The Netherlands
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Qin Y, Yang X, Ning Z. Causal roles of educational duration in bone mineral density and risk factors for osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:345. [PMID: 38693494 PMCID: PMC11064366 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Educational duration might play a vital role in preventing the occurrence and development of osteoporosis(OP). PURPOSE To assess the causal effect of educational duration on bone mineral density(BMD) and risk factors for OP by Mendelian randomization(MR) study. METHODS The causal relationship was analyzed using data from genome-wide association study(GWAS). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main analysis method. Horizontal pleiotropy was identified by MR-Egger intercept test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. The leave-one-out method was used as a sensitivity analysis. RESULTS The IVW results indicated that there was a positive causal relationship between educational duration and BMD (OR = 1.012, 95%CI:1.003-1.022), physical activity(PA) (OR = 1.156, 95%CI:1.032-1.295), calcium consumption (OR = 1.004, 95%CI:1.002-1.005), and coffee intake (OR = 1.019, 95%CI:1.014-1.024). There was a negative association between whole body fat mass (OR = 0.950, 95%CI:0.939-0.961), time for vigorous PA (OR = 0.955, 95%CI:0.939-0.972), sunbath (OR = 0.987, 95%CI:0.986-0.989), salt consumption (OR = 0.965, 95%CI:0.959-0.971), fizzy drink intake (OR = 0.985, 95%CI:0.978-0.992), smoking (OR = 0.969, 95%CI:0.964-0.975), and falling risk (OR = 0.976, 95%CI:0.965-0.987). There was no significant association between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol intake. Horizontal pleiotropy was absent in this study. The results were robust under sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION A longer educational duration was causally linked with increased BMD. No causal relationship had been found between educational duration and lean mass, time for light-to-moderate PA, milk intake, and alcohol consumption as risk factors for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Qin
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P.R. China.
- The People's Hospital of Hechi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hechi, P.R. China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Zong Ning
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, P.R. China.
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Xu L, Li H, Liu B, Han X, Sun H. Systemic Inflammatory Regulators Associated with Osteoporosis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 114:490-501. [PMID: 38528199 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
To elucidate the precise upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms of inflammatory factors in osteoporosis (OP) progression and to establish a causal relationship between inflammatory factors and OP. We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using data for 41 cytokines obtained from three independent cohorts comprising 8293 Finnish individuals. Estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) data were derived from 426,824 UK Biobank White British individuals (55% female) and fracture data from 416,795 UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. The inverse variance-weighted method was the primary MR analysis approach. We employed other methods as complementary approaches for mutual corroboration. To test for pleiotropy and heterogeneity, we used the MR-Egger regression, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier global test, and the Cochrane Q test. Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and interleukin (IL)-12p70 expression associated negatively and causally with eBMD (β = -0.017 [MIP-1α], β = -0.011 [IL-12p70]). Conversely, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand was associated with a decreased risk of fractures (Odds Ratio: 0.980). Additionally, OP influenced the expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including growth-regulated oncogene-α, interferon-gamma, IL-6, beta nerve growth factor, and IL-2. Finally, we discovered complex bidirectional causal relationships between IL-8, IL-10, and OP. Specific inflammatory factors may contribute to OP development or may be causally affected by OP. We identified a bidirectional causal relationship between certain inflammatory factors and OP. These findings provide new perspectives for early prediction and targeted treatment of OP. Larger cohort studies are necessary in the future to further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Haibiao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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Prijatelj V, Grgic O, Uitterlinden AG, Wolvius EB, Rivadeneira F, Medina-Gomez C. Bone health index in the assessment of bone health: The Generation R Study. Bone 2024; 182:117070. [PMID: 38460828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Bone Health Index (BHI) has been proposed as a useful instrument for assessing bone health in children. However, its relationship with fracture risk remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether BHI is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and prevalent fracture odds in children from the Generation R Study. We also implemented genome-wide association study (GWAS) and polygenic score (PGS) approaches to improve our understanding of BHI and its potential. In total, 4150 children (49.4 % boys; aged 9.8 years) with genotyped data and bone assessments were included in this study. BMD was measured across the total body (less head following ISCD guidelines) using a GE-Lunar iDXA densitometer; and BHI was determined from the hand DXA scans using BoneXpert®. Fractures were self-reported collected with home questionnaires. The association of BHI with BMD and fractures was evaluated using linear models corrected for age, sex, ethnicity, height, and weight. We observed a positive correlation between BHI and BMD (ρ = 0.32, p-value<0.0001). Further, every SD decrease in BHI was associated with an 11 % increased risk of prevalent fractures (OR:1.11, 95 % CI 1.00-1.24, p-value = 0.05). Our BHI GWAS identified variants (lead SNP rs1404264-A, p-value = 2.61 × 10-14) mapping to the ING3/CPED1/WNT16 locus. Children in the extreme tails of the BMD PGS presented a difference in BHI values of -0.10 standard deviations (95% CI -0.14 to -0.07; p-value<0.0001). On top of the demonstrated epidemiological association of BHI with both BMD and fracture risk, our results reveal a partially shared biological background between BHI and BMD. These findings highlight the potential value of using BHI to screen children at risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, the Netherlands
| | - Olja Grgic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, the Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands; The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, the Netherlands.
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Liaw YC, Matsuda K, Liaw YP. Identification of an novel genetic variant associated with osteoporosis: insights from the Taiwan Biobank Study. JBMR Plus 2024; 8:ziae028. [PMID: 38655459 PMCID: PMC11037432 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify new independent significant SNPs associated with osteoporosis using data from the Taiwan Biobank (TWBB). Material and Methods The dataset was divided into discovery (60%) and replication (40%) subsets. Following data quality control, genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was performed, adjusting for sex, age, and the top 5 principal components, employing the Scalable and Accurate Implementation of the Generalized mixed model approach. This was followed by a meta-analysis of TWBB1 and TWBB2. The Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) platform was used to identify osteoporosis-associated loci. Manhattan and quantile-quantile plots were generated using the FUMA platform to visualize the results. Independent significant SNPs were selected based on genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) and independence from each other (r2 < 0.6) within a 1 Mb window. Positional, eQTL(expression quantitative trait locus), and Chromatin interaction mapping were used to map SNPs to genes. Results A total of 29 084 individuals (3154 osteoporosis cases and 25 930 controls) were used for GWAS analysis (TWBB1 data), and 18 918 individuals (1917 cases and 17 001 controls) were utilized for replication studies (TWBB2 data). We identified a new independent significant SNP for osteoporosis in TWBB1, with the lead SNP rs76140829 (minor allele frequency = 0.055, P-value = 1.15 × 10-08). Replication of the association was performed in TWBB2, yielding a P-value of 6.56 × 10-3. The meta-analysis of TWBB1 and TWBB2 data demonstrated a highly significant association for SNP rs76140829 (P-value = 7.52 × 10-10). In the positional mapping of rs76140829, 6 genes (HABP2, RP11-481H12.1, RNU7-165P, RP11-139 K1.2, RP11-57H14.3, and RP11-214 N15.5) were identified through chromatin interaction mapping in mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusions Our GWAS analysis using the Taiwan Biobank dataset unveils rs76140829 in the VTI1A gene as a key risk variant associated with osteoporosis. This finding expands our understanding of the genetic basis of osteoporosis and highlights the potential regulatory role of this SNP in mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Liaw
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Jung J, Wu Q. Identification of bone mineral density associated genes with shared genetic architectures across multiple tissues: Functional insights for EPDR1, PKDCC, and SPTBN1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300535. [PMID: 38683846 PMCID: PMC11057974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study aims to identify the functionally annotated genes with shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone using the most up-to-date genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture-related genetic variants. We employed an advanced statistical functional mapping method to investigate shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone, focusing on genes highly expressed in muscle tissue. Our analysis identified three genes, EPDR1, PKDCC, and SPTBN1, which are highly expressed in muscle tissue and previously unlinked to bone metabolism. About 90% and 85% of filtered Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms were in the intronic and intergenic regions for the threshold at P≤5×10-8 and P≤5×10-100, respectively. EPDR1 was highly expressed in multiple tissues, including muscles, adrenal glands, blood vessels, and the thyroid. SPTBN1 was highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except blood, while PKDCC was highly expressed in all 30 tissue types except the brain, pancreas, and skin. Our study provides a framework for using GWAS findings to highlight functional evidence of crosstalk between multiple tissues based on shared genetic architecture between muscle and bone. Further research should focus on functional validation, multi-omics data integration, gene-environment interactions, and clinical relevance in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Qu YD, Zhu ZH, Li JX, Zhang W, Chen Q, Xia CL, Ma JN, Ou SJ, Yang Y, Qi Y, Xu CP. Diabetes and osteoporosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:317. [PMID: 38654244 PMCID: PMC11036742 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects on bone mineral density (BMD)/fracture between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between the two types of diabetes and BMD/fracture using a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. METHODS A two-sample MR study was conducted to examine the causal relationship between diabetes and BMD/fracture, with three phenotypes (T1D, T2D, and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) of diabetes as exposures and five phenotypes (femoral neck BMD [FN-BMD], lumbar spine BMD [LS-BMD], heel-BMD, total body BMD [TB-BMD], and fracture) as outcomes, combining MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and inverse variance weighted (IVW) sensitivity assessments. Additionally, horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated and corrected using the residual sum and outlier approaches. RESULTS The IVW method showed that genetically predicted T1D was negatively associated with TB-BMD (β = -0.018, 95% CI: -0.030, -0.006), while T2D was positively associated with FN-BMD (β = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.062), heel-BMD (β = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.006, 0.031), and TB-BMD (β = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.022, 0.079). Further, HbA1c was not associated with the five outcomes (β ranged from - 0.012 to 0.075). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that T1D and T2D have different effects on BMD at the genetic level. BMD decreased in patients with T1D and increased in those with T2D. These findings highlight the complex interplay between diabetes and bone health, suggesting potential age-specific effects and genetic influences. To better understand the mechanisms of bone metabolism in patients with diabetes, further longitudinal studies are required to explain BMD changes in different types of diabetes.
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Grants
- 202201020303, 202102080052, 202102010057, 201804010226 Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou
- 202201020303, 202102080052, 202102010057, 201804010226 Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou
- 3D-A2020004, 3D-A2020002, YQ2019-009, C2020019 Foundation of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- 3D-A2020004, 3D-A2020002, YQ2019-009, C2020019 Foundation of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital
- 81972083 National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dun Qu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhu
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Liang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Nan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuan-Ji Ou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466 Xingang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Peng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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Li GHY, Tang CM, Wu SM, Cheung CL. Causal association of genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee with bone health: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Postgrad Med J 2024:qgae051. [PMID: 38651568 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationship of caffeine intake and consumption of caffeinated beverages, such as tea and coffee, with bone health remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee has causal effects on overall total body bone mineral density (TB-BMD) and fracture. We also assessed the association with TB-BMD in five age strata. METHODS Using two-sample Mendelian randomization approach, summary statistics were retrieved from genome-wide association studies (GWAS)/GWAS meta-analyses of caffeine intake from tea (n = 395 866)/coffee (n = 373 522), TB-BMD (n = 66 628), and fracture (n = 426 795). Inverse variance weighted method was adopted as the main univariable analysis. Multivariable analysis was conducted to evaluate whether the causal effect is independent. RESULTS In univariable analysis, genetically determined caffeine intake from tea had positive association with overall TB-BMD (per SD increase in genetically determined caffeine intake, beta of TB-BMD [in SD]: 0.166; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.006-0.326) and inverse association with fracture (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.654-0.954). Genetically determined caffeine intake from coffee was also positively associated with overall TB-BMD (beta = 0.231; 95% CI: 0.093-0.369). The association remained significant after adjustment for smoking in multivariable analysis. Genetically determined caffeine intake from tea or coffee was both positively associated with TB-BMD in the age strata of 45-60 years, but we lacked evidence of association in other strata. CONCLUSIONS Genetically, caffeine intake from tea or coffee may be beneficial to bone health. Due to the ascertainment method of caffeine intake from tea, our study also implied genetically higher tea consumption may improve TB-BMD and lower fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Hoi-Yee Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Man Tang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Suet-Man Wu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Lee Shau Kee Building, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Lung Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Tobias JH, Nethander M, Faber BG, Heppenstall SV, Ebsim R, Cootes T, Lindner C, Saunders FR, Gregory JS, Aspden RM, Harvey NC, Kemp JP, Frysz M, Ohlsson C. Femoral neck width genetic risk score is a novel independent risk factor for hip fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:241-251. [PMID: 38477772 PMCID: PMC11240160 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Femoral neck width (FNW) derived from DXA scans may provide a useful adjunct to hip fracture prediction. Therefore, we investigated whether FNW is related to hip fracture risk independently of femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD), using a genetic approach. FNW was derived from points automatically placed on the proximal femur using hip DXA scans from 38 150 individuals (mean age 63.8 yr, 48.0% males) in UK Biobank (UKB). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 71 independent genome-wide significant FNW SNPs, comprising genes involved in cartilage differentiation, hedgehog, skeletal development, in contrast to SNPs identified by FN-BMD GWAS which primarily comprised runx1/Wnt signaling genes (MAGMA gene set analyses). FNW and FN-BMD SNPs were used to generate genetic instruments for multivariable Mendelian randomization. Greater genetically determined FNW increased risk of all hip fractures (odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI, 1.29-1.82 per SD increase) and femoral neck fractures (OR 1.58;1.30-1.92), but not trochanteric or forearm fractures. In contrast, greater genetically determined FN-BMD decreased fracture risk at all 4 sites. FNW and FN-BMD SNPs were also used to generate genetic risk scores (GRSs), which were examined in relation to incident hip fracture in UKB (excluding the FNW GWAS population; n = 338 742, 3222 cases) using a Cox proportional hazards model. FNW GRS was associated with increased risk of all incident hip fractures (HR 1.08;1.05-1.12) and femoral neck fractures (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10;1.06-1.15), but not trochanteric fractures, whereas FN-BMD GRS was associated with reduced risk of all hip fracture types. We conclude that the underlying biology regulating FNW and FN-BMD differs, and that DXA-derived FNW is causally related to hip fractures independently of FN-BMD, adding information beyond FN-BMD for hip fracture prediction. Hence, FNW derived from DXA analyses or a FNW GRS may contribute clinically useful information beyond FN-BMD for hip fracture prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Tobias
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Nethander
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics and Data Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin G Faber
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie V Heppenstall
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Raja Ebsim
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Cootes
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Lindner
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona R Saunders
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny S Gregory
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Aspden
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - John P Kemp
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia 4102
| | - Monika Frysz
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ozgurel SU, Reyes Fernandez PC, Chanpaisaeng K, Fleet JC. Male Lrp5A214V mice maintain high bone mass during dietary calcium restriction by altering the vitamin D endocrine system. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:315-325. [PMID: 38477773 PMCID: PMC11240165 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Environmental factors and genetic variation individually impact bone. However, it is not clear how these factors interact to influence peak bone mass accrual. Here we tested whether genetically programmed high bone formation driven by missense mutations in the Lrp5 gene (Lrp5A214V) altered the sensitivity of mice to an environment of inadequate dietary calcium (Ca) intake. Weanling male Lrp5A214V mice and wildtype littermates (control) were fed AIN-93G diets with 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% (reference, basal), or 1% Ca from weaning until 12 weeks of age (ie, during bone growth). Urinary Ca, serum Ca, Ca regulatory hormones (PTH, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)), bone parameters (μCT, ash), and renal/intestinal gene expression were analyzed. As expected, low dietary Ca intake negatively impacted bones and Lrp5A214V mice had higher bone mass and ash content. Although bones of Lrp5A214V mice have more matrix to mineralize, their bones were not more susceptible to low dietary Ca intake. In control mice, low dietary Ca intake exerted expected effects on serum Ca (decreased), PTH (increased), and 1,25(OH)2D3 (increased) as well as their downstream actions (ie, reducing urinary Ca, increasing markers of intestinal Ca absorption). In contrast, Lrp5A214V mice had elevated serum Ca with a normal PTH response but a blunted 1,25(OH)2D3 response to low dietary Ca that was reflected in the renal 1,25(OH)2D3 producing/degrading enzymes, Cyp27b1 and Cyp24a1. Despite elevated serum Ca in Lrp5A214V mice, urinary Ca was not elevated. Despite an abnormal serum 1,25(OH)2D3 response to low dietary Ca, intestinal markers of Ca absorption (Trpv6, S100g mRNA) were elevated in Lrp5A214V mice and responded to low Ca intake. Collectively, our data indicate that the Lrp5A214V mutation induces changes in Ca homeostasis that permit mice to retain more Ca and support their high bone mass phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Ucer Ozgurel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78723, United States
| | - Perla C Reyes Fernandez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University -Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Krittikan Chanpaisaeng
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78723, United States
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Gai S, Qian Y, Zhang Z, Zheng HF. Integrating both common and rare variants to predict bone mineral density and fracture. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:193-194. [PMID: 38477769 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Gai
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Musolf AM, Justice CM, Erdogan-Yildirim Z, Goovaerts S, Cuellar A, Shaffer JR, Marazita ML, Claes P, Weinberg SM, Li J, Senders C, Zwienenberg M, Simeonov E, Kaneva R, Roscioli T, Di Pietro L, Barba M, Lattanzi W, Cunningham ML, Romitti PA, Boyadjiev SA. Whole genome sequencing identifies associations for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis with the intergenic region of BMP2 and noncoding RNA gene LINC01428. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8533. [PMID: 38609424 PMCID: PMC11014861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis (CS) is a major birth defect resulting from premature fusion of cranial sutures. Nonsyndromic CS occurs more frequently than syndromic CS, with sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNCS) presenting as the most common CS phenotype. Previous genome-wide association and targeted sequencing analyses of sNCS have identified multiple associated loci, with the strongest association on chromosome 20. Herein, we report the first whole-genome sequencing study of sNCS using 63 proband-parent trios. Sequencing data for these trios were analyzed using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and rare variant TDT (rvTDT) to identify high-risk rare gene variants. Sequencing data were also examined for copy number variants (CNVs) and de novo variants. TDT analysis identified a highly significant locus at 20p12.3, localized to the intergenic region between BMP2 and the noncoding RNA gene LINC01428. Three variants (rs6054763, rs6054764, rs932517) were identified as potential causal variants due to their probability of being transcription factor binding sites, deleterious combined annotation dependent depletion scores, and high minor allele enrichment in probands. Morphometric analysis of cranial vault shape in an unaffected cohort validated the effect of these three single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on dolichocephaly. No genome-wide significant rare variants, de novo loci, or CNVs were identified. Future efforts to identify risk variants for sNCS should include sequencing of larger and more diverse population samples and increased omics analyses, such as RNA-seq and ATAC-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Musolf
- Statistical Genetics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Cristina M Justice
- Neurobehavioral Clinical Research Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zeynep Erdogan-Yildirim
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Seppe Goovaerts
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT-PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Araceli Cuellar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - John R Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT-PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jae Li
- Bioinformatics Core, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Craig Senders
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Marike Zwienenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Emil Simeonov
- Pediatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Medical University of Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radka Kaneva
- Molecular Medicine Center, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Sofia, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael L Cunningham
- Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center, Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Simeon A Boyadjiev
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
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Zhao P, Sheng Z, Xu L, Li P, Xiao W, Yuan C, Xu Z, Yang M, Qian Y, Zhong J, Gu J, Karasik D, Zheng HF. Deciphering the complex relationship between type 2 diabetes and fracture risk with both genetic and observational evidence. eLife 2024; 12:RP89281. [PMID: 38591545 PMCID: PMC11003741 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The 'diabetic bone paradox' suggested that type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients would have higher areal bone mineral density (BMD) but higher fracture risk than individuals without T2D. In this study, we found that the genetically predicted T2D was associated with higher BMD and lower risk of fracture in both weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We also identified ten genomic loci shared between T2D and fracture, with the top signal at SNP rs4580892 in the intron of gene RSPO3. And the higher expression in adipose subcutaneous and higher protein level in plasma of RSPO3 were associated with increased risk of T2D, but decreased risk of fracture. In the prospective study, T2D was observed to be associated with higher risk of fracture, but BMI mediated 30.2% of the protective effect. However, when stratified by the T2D-related risk factors for fracture, we observed that the effect of T2D on the risk of fracture decreased when the number of T2D-related risk factors decreased, and the association became non-significant if the T2D patients carried none of the risk factors. In conclusion, the genetically determined T2D might not be associated with higher risk of fracture. And the shared genetic architecture between T2D and fracture suggested a top signal around RSPO3 gene. The observed effect size of T2D on fracture risk decreased if the T2D-related risk factors could be eliminated. Therefore, it is important to manage the complications of T2D to prevent the risk of fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pianpian Zhao
- The affiliated Hangzhou first people’s hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, ChinaHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
| | - Zhifeng Sheng
- Health Management Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Geratology, The Third People's Hospital of HangzhouHangzhouChina
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chengda Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- Central Health Center of Mashenqiao TownTianjinChina
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- The affiliated Hangzhou first people’s hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
| | - Yu Qian
- The affiliated Hangzhou first people’s hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
| | - Jiadong Zhong
- The affiliated Hangzhou first people’s hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
| | - Jiaxuan Gu
- The affiliated Hangzhou first people’s hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael
| | - Hou-Feng Zheng
- The affiliated Hangzhou first people’s hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Diseases & Population (DaP) Geninfo Lab, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, ChinaHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouChina
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Moksnes MR, Hansen AF, Wolford BN, Thomas LF, Rasheed H, Simić A, Bhatta L, Brantsæter AL, Surakka I, Zhou W, Magnus P, Njølstad PR, Andreassen OA, Syversen T, Zheng J, Fritsche LG, Evans DM, Warrington NM, Nøst TH, Åsvold BO, Flaten TP, Willer CJ, Hveem K, Brumpton BM. A genome-wide association study provides insights into the genetic etiology of 57 essential and non-essential trace elements in humans. Commun Biol 2024; 7:432. [PMID: 38594418 PMCID: PMC11004147 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are important for human health but may exert toxic or adverse effects. Mechanisms of uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are partly under genetic control but have not yet been extensively mapped. Here we report a comprehensive multi-element genome-wide association study of 57 essential and non-essential trace elements. We perform genome-wide association meta-analyses of 14 trace elements in up to 6564 Scandinavian whole blood samples, and genome-wide association studies of 43 trace elements in up to 2819 samples measured only in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). We identify 11 novel genetic loci associated with blood concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, manganese, selenium, and zinc in genome-wide association meta-analyses. In HUNT, several genome-wide significant loci are also indicated for other trace elements. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization, we find several indications of weak to moderate effects on health outcomes, the most precise being a weak harmful effect of increased zinc on prostate cancer. However, independent validation is needed. Our current understanding of trace element-associated genetic variants may help establish consequences of trace elements on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R Moksnes
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ailin F Hansen
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anica Simić
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laxmi Bhatta
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Syversen
- Department of Neuroscience, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M Evans
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Therese H Nøst
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Peder Flaten
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cristen J Willer
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
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Dashti P, Lewallen EA, Gordon JAR, Montecino MA, Davie JR, Stein GS, van Leeuwen JPTM, van der Eerden BCJ, van Wijnen AJ. Epigenetic regulators controlling osteogenic lineage commitment and bone formation. Bone 2024; 181:117043. [PMID: 38341164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone formation and homeostasis are controlled by environmental factors and endocrine regulatory cues that initiate intracellular signaling pathways capable of modulating gene expression in the nucleus. Bone-related gene expression is controlled by nucleosome-based chromatin architecture that limits the accessibility of lineage-specific gene regulatory DNA sequences and sequence-specific transcription factors. From a developmental perspective, bone-specific gene expression must be suppressed during the early stages of embryogenesis to prevent the premature mineralization of skeletal elements during fetal growth in utero. Hence, bone formation is initially inhibited by gene suppressive epigenetic regulators, while other epigenetic regulators actively support osteoblast differentiation. Prominent epigenetic regulators that stimulate or attenuate osteogenesis include lysine methyl transferases (e.g., EZH2, SMYD2, SUV420H2), lysine deacetylases (e.g., HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC4, HDAC7, SIRT1, SIRT3), arginine methyl transferases (e.g., PRMT1, PRMT4/CARM1, PRMT5), dioxygenases (e.g., TET2), bromodomain proteins (e.g., BRD2, BRD4) and chromodomain proteins (e.g., CBX1, CBX2, CBX5). This narrative review provides a broad overview of the covalent modifications of DNA and histone proteins that involve hundreds of enzymes that add, read, or delete these epigenetic modifications that are relevant for self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, skeletal stem cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Martin A Montecino
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, Chile
| | - James R Davie
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada; CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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47
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Zeng L, Li Y, Hong C, Wang J, Zhu H, Li Q, Cui H, Ma P, Li R, He J, Zhu H, Liu L, Xiao L. Association between fatty liver index and controlled attenuation parameters as markers of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and bone mineral density: observational and two-sample Mendelian randomization studies. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:679-689. [PMID: 38221591 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Previously observational studies did not draw a clear conclusion on the association between fatty liver diseases and bone mineral density (BMD). Our large-scale studies revealed that MAFLD and hepatic steatosis had no causal effect on BMD, while some metabolic factors were correlated with BMD. The findings have important implications for the relationship between fatty liver diseases and BMD, and may help direct the clinical management of MAFLD patients who experience osteoporosis and osteopenia. PURPOSE Liver and bone are active endocrine organs with several metabolic functions. However, the link between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and bone mineral density (BMD) is contradictory. METHODS Using the UK Biobank and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset, we investigated the association between MAFLD, steatosis, and BMD in the observational analysis. We performed genome-wide association analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with MAFLD. Large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analyses examined the potential causal relationship between MAFLD, hepatic steatosis, or major comorbid metabolic factors, and BMD. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic factors and body mass index, logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between MAFLD and reduced heel BMD. However, this association disappeared after adjusting for additional metabolic factors. MAFLD was not associated with total body, femur neck, and lumbar BMD in the NHANES dataset. Magnetic resonance imaging-measured steatosis did not show significant associations with reduced total body, femur neck, and lumbar BMD in multivariate analysis. TSMR analyses indicated that MAFLD and hepatic steatosis were not associated with BMD. Among all MAFLD-related comorbid factors, overweight and type 2 diabetes showed a causal relationship with increased BMD, while waist circumference and hyperlipidemia had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION No causal effect of MAFLD and hepatic steatosis on BMD was observed in this study, while some metabolic factors were correlated with BMD. This has important implications for understanding the relationship between fatty liver disease and BMD, which may help direct the clinical management of MAFLD patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chang Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiaren Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qimei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruining Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingzhe He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Big Data Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lushan Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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48
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Chen Y, Yu J, Li W, Wang L, Zhou X, Zhuang C, Guo W, Tian K, Zhuang R. Potential causal association between leisure sedentary behaviors and osteoporosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37467. [PMID: 38518020 PMCID: PMC10956994 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous observational studies have observed a correlation between sedentary behavior and osteoporosis. However, conclusions from these studies have been contradictory. To explore the potential causal relationship between sedentary behavior and osteoporosis, we conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis. A two-sample Mendelian randomization was adopted to explore the causal relationship of leisure sedentary behavior with osteoporosis. We employed 5 methods to estimate the causal associations between leisure sedentary behavior and osteoporosis. Univariable Mendelian randomization results provided evidence for the causal relationship of the time spent on computer-use with the bone mineral density estimated by heel quantitative ultrasound (eBMD) (inverse variance weighted [IVW]: β (95% confidence interval [CI]) - 0.150 (-0.270 to -0.031), P = .013; weighted median: β (95%CI) - 0.195 (-0.336 to -0.055), P = .006). Similar associations were observed in the driving forearm bone mineral density (FABMD) (IVW: β (95%CI) - 0.933 (-1.860 to -0.007), P = .048) and driving lumbar spine bone mineral density (IVW: β (95%CI) - 0.649 (-1.175 to -0.124), P = .015). However, we did not find a significant causal relationship between the time spent on watching TV and bone mineral density. Research showed that there was a causal relationship between the time spent on computer use and driving time and eBMD, FABMD, and lumbar spine bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Likang Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Wenxuan Guo
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Rujie Zhuang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- Quzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital at the Junction of Four Provinces, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Quzhou, China
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49
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Xu F, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen W, Liao Z. Causal Relationship of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Bone Mineral Density and the Role of BMI. Nat Sci Sleep 2024; 16:325-333. [PMID: 38533250 PMCID: PMC10964782 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s443557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have yielded conflicting evidence concerning the relationships between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and bone mineral density (BMD). As the exact causal inferences remain inconclusive, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify the causal associations between OSA and BMD. Methods Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with OSA were extracted from the FinnGen study. Summary statistics for 10 BMD measured at different age or skeletal sites were obtained from the publicly available IEU GWAS database. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was chosen as the primary analysis, combined with several sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of results. The study design included two-sample MR and network MR. Results Our primary MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted OSA was positively linked to increased forearm BMD (β = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.41, p = 0.009) and heel BMD (β=0.10, 95% CI = 0.02-0.18, p = 0.018), while no significant causal relationships were observed between OSA and total body BMD, lumbar spine BMD, or femoral neck BMD (all p > 0.05). Network MR suggests that OSA might act as a mediating factor in the effect of BMI on forearm BMD and heel BMD, with a mediated portion estimated at 73% and 84%, respectively. Conclusion Our findings provide support for a causal relationship between genetically predicted OSA and increased forearm BMD and heel BMD. Furthermore, our results suggest that OSA may play a role in mediating the influence of BMI on BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Boai Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiuRong Zhang
- Breast Surgery Department, Zhongshan Boai Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, People’s Republic of China
| | - YinRong Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Boai Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenHui Chen
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZiCong Liao
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Boai Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528400, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Austin TR, Fink HA, Jalal DI, Törnqvist AE, Buzkova P, Barzilay JI, Lu T, Carbone L, Gabrielsen ME, Grahnemo L, Hveem K, Jonasson C, Kizer JR, Langhammer A, Mukamal KJ, Gerszten RE, Nethander M, Psaty BM, Robbins JA, Sun YV, Skogholt AH, Åsvold BO, Valderrabano RJ, Zheng J, Richards JB, Coward E, Ohlsson C. Large-scale circulating proteome association study (CPAS) meta-analysis identifies circulating proteins and pathways predicting incident hip fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:139-149. [PMID: 38477735 PMCID: PMC11070286 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Hip fractures are associated with significant disability, high cost, and mortality. However, the exact biological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to hip fractures remain incompletely understood. In an exploratory search of the underlying biology as reflected through the circulating proteome, we performed a comprehensive Circulating Proteome Association Study (CPAS) meta-analysis for incident hip fractures. Analyses included 6430 subjects from two prospective cohort studies (Cardiovascular Health Study and Trøndelag Health Study) with circulating proteomics data (aptamer-based 5 K SomaScan version 4.0 assay; 4979 aptamers). Associations between circulating protein levels and incident hip fractures were estimated for each cohort using age and sex-adjusted Cox regression models. Participants experienced 643 incident hip fractures. Compared with the individual studies, inverse-variance weighted meta-analyses yielded more statistically significant associations, identifying 23 aptamers associated with incident hip fractures (conservative Bonferroni correction 0.05/4979, P < 1.0 × 10-5). The aptamers most strongly associated with hip fracture risk corresponded to two proteins of the growth hormone/insulin growth factor system (GHR and IGFBP2), as well as GDF15 and EGFR. High levels of several inflammation-related proteins (CD14, CXCL12, MMP12, ITIH3) were also associated with increased hip fracture risk. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified reduced LXR/RXR activation and increased acute phase response signaling to be overrepresented among those proteins associated with increased hip fracture risk. These analyses identified several circulating proteins and pathways consistently associated with incident hip fractures. These findings underscore the usefulness of the meta-analytic approach for comprehensive CPAS in a similar manner as has previously been observed for large-scale human genetic studies. Future studies should investigate the underlying biology of these potential novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Austin
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - Howard A Fink
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 56401, United States
| | - Diana I Jalal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246, United States
| | - Anna E Törnqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Buzkova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98115, United States
| | - Joshua I Barzilay
- Division of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, Atlanta, GA, 30339, United States
| | - Tianyuan Lu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 0B1, Canada
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, H3Y 2W4, Canada
| | - Laura Carbone
- Charlie Norwood VAMC, Augusta, GA, 30901, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Christian Jonasson
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Cardiology Section, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, United States
- Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, 7600, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, 2446, United States
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA, 2446, United States
| | - Maria Nethander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics and Data Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, United States
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rodrigo J Valderrabano
- Research Program in Men’s Health, Aging and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 2130, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, United Kingdom
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
- 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, H3Y 2W4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Eivind Coward
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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