1
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Guo Y, Ren C, He Y, Wu Y, Yang X. Deciphering the spatiotemporal transcriptional landscape of intestinal diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:157. [PMID: 38994768 PMCID: PMC11258600 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestines are the largest barrier organ in the human body. The intestinal barrier plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal environment and protecting the intestines from harmful bacterial invasion. Single‑cell RNA sequencing technology allows the detection of the different cell types in the intestine in two dimensions and the exploration of cell types that have not been fully characterized. The intestinal mucosa is highly complex in structure, and its proper functioning is linked to multiple structures in the proximal‑distal intestinal and luminal‑mucosal axes. Spatial localization is at the core of the efforts to explore the interactions between the complex structures. Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a method that allows for comprehensive tissue analysis and the acquisition of spatially separated genetic information from individual cells, while preserving their spatial location and interactions. This approach also prevents the loss of fragile cells during tissue disaggregation. The emergence of ST technology allows us to spatially dissect enzymatic processes and interactions between multiple cells, genes, proteins and signals in the intestine. This includes the exchange of oxygen and nutrients in the intestine, different gradients of microbial populations and the role of extracellular matrix proteins. This regionally precise approach to tissue studies is gaining more acceptance and is increasingly applied in the investigation of disease mechanisms related to the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this review summarized the application of ST in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ren
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Chongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
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2
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Lei H, Wang H, Wang X, Xiao Z, Tian T, Cui K. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based identification of breast cancer progression using extracellular vesicles-derived integrin α6β4. Talanta 2024; 275:126092. [PMID: 38615459 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Detection of progression is of great importance to breast cancer treatment and can benefit patients. Limited by current detection technologies and biomarkers, early breast cancer progression diagnosis remains challenging. Researchers have found blood extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived integrin α6β4 directly facilitate progression in breast cancer, enabling cancer detection. However, EVs size and heterogeneity hinder protein detection, masked by abundant background EVs. Hence, novel tools for efficient detection of EVs with high selectivity and low interference are significantly desired. Here, a new silver-coated gold nanorods SERS probe, termed as Au@Ag@IDA-B/4MSTP, based on DNA aptamer was established for the detection of integrin α6β4 derived from EVs. Validation of the Au@Ag@IDA-B/4MSTP probes using cell-culture-derived EVs revealed a LOD of 23 particles/μL for EVs detection. This tool was further confirmed to mimic the real state of cancer with subcutaneous tumor model and lung metastasis model in mice. With 10 μL of blood plasma and simple Raman analysis process, the test achieved 85.7 % sensitivity and 83.3 % specificity. Moreover, our method achieves a simplified approach that expedites the detection process. These results demonstrate the good detection performance of Au@Ag@IDA-B/4MSTP probes for EVs integrin α6β4, and suggest that this non-invasive approach could be a promising tool for early detection of breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhi Lei
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haoze Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiqiu Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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3
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Borrelli C, Roberts M, Eletto D, Hussherr MD, Fazilaty H, Valenta T, Lafzi A, Kretz JA, Guido Vinzoni E, Karakatsani A, Adivarahan S, Mannhart A, Kimura S, Meijs A, Baccouche Mhamedi F, Acar IE, Handler K, Ficht X, Platt RJ, Piscuoglio S, Moor AE. In vivo interaction screening reveals liver-derived constraints to metastasis. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07715-3. [PMID: 39048831 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
It is estimated that only 0.02% of disseminated tumour cells are able to seed overt metastases1. While this suggests the presence of environmental constraints to metastatic seeding, the landscape of host factors controlling this process remains largely unclear. Here, combining transposon technology2 and fluorescence niche labelling3, we developed an in vivo CRISPR activation screen to systematically investigate the interactions between hepatocytes and metastatic cells. We identify plexin B2 as a critical host-derived regulator of liver colonization in colorectal and pancreatic cancer and melanoma syngeneic mouse models. We dissect a mechanism through which plexin B2 interacts with class IV semaphorins on tumour cells, leading to KLF4 upregulation and thereby promoting the acquisition of epithelial traits. Our results highlight the essential role of signals from the liver parenchyma for the seeding of disseminated tumour cells before the establishment of a growth-promoting niche. Our findings further suggest that epithelialization is required for the adaptation of CRC metastases to their new tissue environment. Blocking the plexin-B2-semaphorin axis abolishes metastatic colonization of the liver and therefore represents a therapeutic strategy for the prevention of hepatic metastases. Finally, our screening approach, which evaluates host-derived extrinsic signals rather than tumour-intrinsic factors for their ability to promote metastatic seeding, is broadly applicable and lays a framework for the screening of environmental constraints to metastasis in other organs and cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Borrelli
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Morgan Roberts
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Eletto
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Hassan Fazilaty
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Atefeh Lafzi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas A Kretz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Guido Vinzoni
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ardian Mannhart
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shoichiro Kimura
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ab Meijs
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ilhan E Acar
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Handler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xenia Ficht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Randall J Platt
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Zancana G, Armocida D, Capobianco M, Corvino S, Cofano F, Garbossa D, Santoro A, Frati A. Clinical, Radiologic, and Surgical Features of Brain Metastases in Colorectal Cancer. A Strong Correlation Between Surgical Patterns and Outcome. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)01213-0. [PMID: 39013497 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BMs) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a small percentage of metastatic patients and surgery is considered the best choice to improve survival. While most research has focused on the risk of CRC spreading to the brain, no studies have examined the characteristics of BMs in relation to surgery and outcome. In this study, we evaluate the clinical and radiologic features of BMs from CRC patients who underwent surgery and analyze their outcomes. METHODS The study is a retrospective observational analysis that included a cohort of 31 patients affected by CRC surgically-treated for their related BMs. For all patients, clinical and surgical data (number, site, side, tumor and edema volume, and morphology) were recorded. RESULTS Analysis found that synchronous diagnosis and lesion morphology, particularly cystic versus solid, had the most significant impact on survival (6 vs. 22 months, P = 0.04). To compare BMs with cystic morphology to those with solid morphology, a multivariate analysis was conducted. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of age, sex, clinical onset, or performance status. The analysis revealed no significant differences in localization with regard to site, tumor and edema volume, biology, or complications rate. CONCLUSIONS BMs derived from CRC have a significantly different prognosis depending on whether they present as a solid or cystic pattern. Although solid pattern is more common, cystic BMs in this tumor type are less frequent and are associated with a poorer prognosis, regardless of molecular expression, location, size, and adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Zancana
- Human Neurosciences Department Neurosurgery Division, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Armocida
- Neuroscience Department "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, Università degli studi di Torino, Turin, Italy; Experimental Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS "Neuromed", Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Mattia Capobianco
- Human Neurosciences Department Neurosurgery Division, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Corvino
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Neuroscience Department "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, Università degli studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Neuroscience Department "Rita Levi Montalcini", Neurosurgery Unit, Università degli studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Human Neurosciences Department Neurosurgery Division, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Experimental Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS "Neuromed", Pozzilli, Italy
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5
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Socha J, Glynne-Jones R, Bujko K. Oncological risks associated with the planned watch-and-wait strategy using total neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: A narrative review. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102796. [PMID: 38968742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Overall survival benefit of total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) remains unconfirmed. Thus, in our opinion, the main rationale for using TNT is a planned watch-and-wait (w&w) strategy to improve patients' long-term quality of life through organ preservation. The OPRA randomized trial, which examined a planned w&w strategy using TNT, showed a higher organ preservation rate but also a higher regrowth rate compared to studies on the opportunistic w&w strategy. Higher rates of complete clinical response with TNT did not improve disease-free survival compared to historical controls. Therefore, the gain in organ-sparing capability might not be balanced by the increased oncological risk. The ultimate local failure rate in the intention-to-treat analysis of the OPRA trial was 13% for induction chemotherapy and 16% for consolidation chemotherapy, which seems higher than expected compared to 8% in a meta-analysis of w&w studies or 12% after TNT and surgery in the PRODIGE-23 and RAPIDO trials, which enrolled patients with more advanced cancers than the OPRA trial. Other studies also suggest worse local control when surgery is delayed for radio-chemoresistant cancers. Our review questions the safety of the planned w&w strategy using TNT in unselected patients. To reduce the oncological risk while maintaining high organ preservation rates, we suggest that the planned w&w strategy using TNT requires a two-tier patient selection process: before treatment and after tumor response assessment at the midpoint of consolidation chemotherapy. These robust selections should identify patients who are unlikely to achieve organ preservation with TNT and would be better managed by preoperative chemoradiotherapy (without consolidation chemotherapy) and surgery, or by discontinuing consolidation chemotherapy and proceeding directly to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Socha
- Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Oncology Centre, Bialska 104/118, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Robert Glynne-Jones
- Radiotherapy Department, Mount Vernon Centre for Cancer Treatment, Rickmansworth Rd, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK.
| | - Krzysztof Bujko
- Department of Radiotherapy I, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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Ito S, Tsukamoto S, Kagawa H, Kanemitsu Y, Hiro J, Kawai K, Nozawa H, Takii Y, Yamaguchi T, Akagi Y, Suto T, Hirano Y, Ozawa H, Komori K, Ohue M, Toiyama Y, Shinji S, Minami K, Shimizu T, Sakamoto K, Uehara K, Sugihara K, Kinugasa Y, Ajioka Y. Short- and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for inguinal lymph node metastasis in rectal and anal canal adenocarcinoma. Colorectal Dis 2024; 26:1378-1387. [PMID: 38881213 DOI: 10.1111/codi.17054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM The significance of lymphadenectomy and its indications in patients with inguinal lymph node metastasis (ILNM) of anorectal adenocarcinoma is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of inguinal lymphadenectomy for ILNM. METHOD This study included patients who underwent surgical resection for ILNM of rectal or anal canal adenocarcinoma with pathologically positive metastases between 1997 and 2011 at 20 participating centres in the Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer organized by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. Clinicopathological characteristics and short- and long-term postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS In total, 107 patients were included. The primary tumour was in the rectum in 57 patients (53.3%) and in the anal canal in 50 (46.7%). The median number of ILNMs was 2.34. Postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo Grade III or higher were observed in five patients. The 5-year overall survival rate was 38.8%. Multivariate analysis identified undifferentiated histological type (P < 0.001), pathological venous invasion (P = 0.01) and pathological primary tumour depth T0-2 (P = 0.01) as independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival. CONCLUSION The 5-year overall survival after inguinal lymph node dissection was acceptable, and it warrants consideration in more patients. Further larger-scale studies are needed in order to clarify the surgical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sono Ito
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tsukamoto
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kagawa
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukihide Kanemitsu
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hiro
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University Hospital, International Medical Center, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Takii
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamaguchi
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Akagi
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suto
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Hirano
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Heita Ozawa
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Tochigi Cancer Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Komori
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Reparative Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Seiichi Shinji
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Minami
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Shimizu
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Medical Safety Section, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kay Uehara
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sugihara
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kinugasa
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Study Group for Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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7
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van der Schee L, Haasnoot KJC, Elias SG, Gijsbers KM, Alderlieste YA, Backes Y, van Berkel AM, Boersma F, Ter Borg F, Breekveldt ECH, Kessels K, Koopman M, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, van Leerdam ME, Rasschaert G, Schreuder RM, Schrauwen RWM, Seerden TCJ, Spanier MBW, Terhaar Sive Droste JS, Toes-Zoutendijk E, Tuynman JB, Vink GR, de Vos Tot Nederveen Cappel WH, Vleggaar FP, Laclé MM, Moons LMG. Oncologic outcomes of screen-detected and non-screen-detected T1 colorectal cancers. Endoscopy 2024; 56:484-493. [PMID: 38325403 DOI: 10.1055/a-2263-2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased with the implementation of CRC screening programs. It is unknown whether the outcomes and risk models for T1 CRC based on non-screen-detected patients can be extrapolated to screen-detected T1 CRC. This study aimed to compare the stage distribution and oncologic outcomes of T1 CRC patients within and outside the screening program. METHODS Data from T1 CRC patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2017 were collected from 12 hospitals in the Netherlands. The presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) at diagnosis was compared between screen-detected and non-screen-detected patients using multivariable logistic regression. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze differences in the time to recurrence (TTR), metastasis-free survival (MFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival. Additionally, the performance of conventional risk factors for LNM was evaluated across the groups. RESULTS 1803 patients were included (1114 [62%] screen-detected), with median follow-up of 51 months (interquartile range 30). The proportion of LNM did not significantly differ between screen- and non-screen-detected patients (12.6% vs. 8.9%; odds ratio 1.41; 95%CI 0.89-2.23); a prediction model for LNM performed equally in both groups. The 3- and 5-year TTR, MFS, and CSS were similar for patients within and outside the screening program. However, overall survival was significantly longer in screen-detected T1 CRC patients (adjusted hazard ratio 0.51; 95%CI 0.38-0.68). CONCLUSIONS Screen-detected and non-screen-detected T1 CRCs have similar stage distributions and oncologic outcomes and can therefore be treated equally. However, screen-detected T1 CRC patients exhibit a lower rate of non-CRC-related mortality, resulting in longer overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa van der Schee
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Krijn J C Haasnoot
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd G Elias
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kim M Gijsbers
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, Netherlands
| | | | - Yara Backes
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Femke Boersma
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn, Netherlands
| | - Frank Ter Borg
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, Netherlands
| | - Emilie C H Breekveldt
- Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen Kessels
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sint Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Koopman
- Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Monique E van Leerdam
- Gastrointestinal Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ruud W M Schrauwen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bernhoven Hospital Location Uden, Uden, Netherlands
| | - Tom C J Seerden
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Marcel B W Spanier
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem Branch, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Geraldine R Vink
- Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank P Vleggaar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miangela M Laclé
- Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leon M G Moons
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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8
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Chen S, Xie D, Li Z, Wang J, Hu Z, Zhou D. Frequency-dependent selection of neoantigens fosters tumor immune escape and predicts immunotherapy response. Commun Biol 2024; 7:770. [PMID: 38918569 PMCID: PMC11199503 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an evolutionary process shaped by selective pressure from the microenvironments. However, recent studies reveal that certain tumors undergo neutral evolution where there is no detectable fitness difference amongst the cells following malignant transformation. Here, through computational modeling, we demonstrate that negative frequency-dependent selection (or NFDS), where the immune response against cancer cells depends on the clonality of neoantigens, can lead to an immunogenic landscape that is highly similar to neutral evolution. Crucially, NFDS promotes high antigenic heterogeneity and early immune evasion in hypermutable tumors, leading to poor responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Our model also reveals that NFDS is characterized by a negative association between average clonality and total burden of neoantigens. Indeed, this unique feature of NFDS is common in the whole-exome sequencing (WES) datasets (357 tumor samples from 275 patients) from four melanoma cohorts with ICB therapy and a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) WES dataset (327 tumor samples from 100 patients). Altogether, our study provides quantitative evidence supporting the theory of NFDS in cancer, explaining the high prevalence of neutral-looking tumors. These findings also highlight the critical role of frequency-dependent selection in devising more efficient and predictive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Chen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Duo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zan Li
- Life Science Research Center, Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiguang Wang
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, InnoHK, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Da Zhou
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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9
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Mahasa KJ, Ouifki R, de Pillis L, Eladdadi A. A Role of Effector CD 8 + T Cells Against Circulating Tumor Cells Cloaked with Platelets: Insights from a Mathematical Model. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:89. [PMID: 38884815 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis accounts for a majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Metastasis occurs when the primary tumor sheds cells into the blood and lymphatic circulation, thereby becoming circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that transverse through the circulatory system, extravasate the circulation and establish a secondary distant tumor. Accumulating evidence suggests that circulating effector CD 8 + T cells are able to recognize and attack arrested or extravasating CTCs, but this important antitumoral effect remains largely undefined. Recent studies highlighted the supporting role of activated platelets in CTCs's extravasation from the bloodstream, contributing to metastatic progression. In this work, a simple mathematical model describes how the primary tumor, CTCs, activated platelets and effector CD 8 + T cells participate in metastasis. The stability analysis reveals that for early dissemination of CTCs, effector CD 8 + T cells can present or keep secondary metastatic tumor burden at low equilibrium state. In contrast, for late dissemination of CTCs, effector CD 8 + T cells are unlikely to inhibit secondary tumor growth. Moreover, global sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the rate of the primary tumor growth, intravascular CTC proliferation, as well as the CD 8 + T cell proliferation, strongly affects the number of the secondary tumor cells. Additionally, model simulations indicate that an increase in CTC proliferation greatly contributes to tumor metastasis. Our simulations further illustrate that the higher the number of activated platelets on CTCs, the higher the probability of secondary tumor establishment. Intriguingly, from a mathematical immunology perspective, our simulations indicate that if the rate of effector CD 8 + T cell proliferation is high, then the secondary tumor formation can be considerably delayed, providing a window for adjuvant tumor control strategies. Collectively, our results suggest that the earlier the effector CD 8 + T cell response is enhanced the higher is the probability of preventing or delaying secondary tumor metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaphetsi Joseph Mahasa
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Maseru, Lesotho.
| | - Rachid Ouifki
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Amina Eladdadi
- Division of Mathematical Sciences, The National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
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10
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Morton LM, Lee OW, Karyadi DM, Bogdanova TI, Stewart C, Hartley SW, Breeze CE, Schonfeld SJ, Cahoon EK, Drozdovitch V, Masiuk S, Chepurny M, Zurnadzhy LY, Dai J, Krznaric M, Yeager M, Hutchinson A, Hicks BD, Dagnall CL, Steinberg MK, Jones K, Jain K, Jordan B, Machiela MJ, Dawson ET, Vij V, Gastier-Foster JM, Bowen J, Mabuchi K, Hatch M, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Getz G, Tronko MD, Thomas GA, Chanock SJ. Genomic characterization of cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma following the Chornobyl accident. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5053. [PMID: 38871684 PMCID: PMC11176192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood radioactive iodine exposure from the Chornobyl accident increased papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) risk. While cervical lymph node metastases (cLNM) are well-recognized in pediatric PTC, the PTC metastatic process and potential radiation association are poorly understood. Here, we analyze cLNM occurrence among 428 PTC with genomic landscape analyses and known drivers (131I-exposed = 349, unexposed = 79; mean age = 27.9 years). We show that cLNM are more frequent in PTC with fusion (55%) versus mutation (30%) drivers, although the proportion varies by specific driver gene (RET-fusion = 71%, BRAF-mutation = 38%, RAS-mutation = 5%). cLNM frequency is not associated with other characteristics, including radiation dose. cLNM molecular profiling (N = 47) demonstrates 100% driver concordance with matched primary PTCs and highly concordant mutational spectra. Transcriptome analysis reveals 17 differentially expressed genes, particularly in the HOXC cluster and BRINP3; the strongest differentially expressed microRNA also is near HOXC10. Our findings underscore the critical role of driver alterations and provide promising candidates for elucidating the biological underpinnings of PTC cLNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Olivia W Lee
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tetiana I Bogdanova
- Laboratory of Morphology of the Endocrine System, V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Chip Stewart
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephen W Hartley
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Breeze
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara J Schonfeld
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergii Masiuk
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Chepurny
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Yu Zurnadzhy
- Laboratory of Morphology of the Endocrine System, V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jieqiong Dai
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marko Krznaric
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Casey L Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mia K Steinberg
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Komal Jain
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ben Jordan
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric T Dawson
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Nvidia Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Vibha Vij
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie M Gastier-Foster
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Biospecimen Core Resource, Columbus, OH, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jay Bowen
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Biospecimen Core Resource, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Hatch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mykola D Tronko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Problems of Endocrinology, V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Gerry A Thomas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Laboratory of Genetic Susceptibility, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Martínez-Pérez J, Torrado C, Domínguez-Cejudo MA, Valladares-Ayerbes M. Targeted Treatment against Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6220. [PMID: 38892410 PMCID: PMC11172446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (SC) theory proposes that a population of SCs serves as the driving force behind fundamental tumor processes, including metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to therapy. The standard of care for patients with stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) includes surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluoropyrimidines and their combination with oxaliplatin increased the cure rates, being able to eradicate the occult metastatic SC in a fraction of patients. The treatment for unresectable metastatic CRC is based on chemotherapy, antibodies to VEGF and EGFR, and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. Immunotherapy is used in MSI-H tumors. Currently used drugs target dividing cells and, while often effective at debulking tumor mass, these agents have largely failed to cure metastatic disease. SCs are generated either due to genetic and epigenetic alterations in stem/progenitor cells or to the dedifferentiation of somatic cells where diverse signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, TGF-β/SMAD, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, DNA damage response, and Hippo-YAP play a key role. Anti-neoplastic treatments could be improved by elimination of SCs, becoming an attractive target for the design of novel agents. Here, we present a review of clinical trials assessing the efficacy of targeted treatment focusing on these pathways in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Martínez-Pérez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Carlos Torrado
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - María A. Domínguez-Cejudo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Manuel Valladares-Ayerbes
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio (HUVR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
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12
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Cañellas-Socias A, Sancho E, Batlle E. Mechanisms of metastatic colorectal cancer. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00934-z. [PMID: 38806657 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and improvements in understanding colorectal cancer (CRC), its metastatic form continues to pose a substantial challenge, primarily owing to limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. This Review addresses the emerging focus on metastatic CRC (mCRC), which has historically been under-studied compared with primary CRC despite its lethality. We delve into two crucial aspects: the molecular and cellular determinants facilitating CRC metastasis and the principles guiding the evolution of metastatic disease. Initially, we examine the genetic alterations integral to CRC metastasis, connecting them to clinically marked characteristics of advanced CRC. Subsequently, we scrutinize the role of cellular heterogeneity and plasticity in metastatic spread and therapy resistance. Finally, we explore how the tumour microenvironment influences metastatic disease, emphasizing the effect of stromal gene programmes and the immune context. The ongoing research in these fields holds immense importance, as its future implications are projected to revolutionize the treatment of patients with mCRC, hopefully offering a promising outlook for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Cañellas-Socias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Elena Sancho
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Garcia-Leon MJ, Liboni C, Mittelheisser V, Bochler L, Follain G, Mouriaux C, Busnelli I, Larnicol A, Colin F, Peralta M, Osmani N, Gensbittel V, Bourdon C, Samaniego R, Pichot A, Paul N, Molitor A, Carapito R, Jandrot-Perrus M, Lefebvre O, Mangin PH, Goetz JG. Platelets favor the outgrowth of established metastases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3297. [PMID: 38740748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence demonstrating that platelets foster metastasis, anti-platelet agents have low therapeutic potential due to the risk of hemorrhages. In addition, whether platelets can regulate metastasis at the late stages of the disease remains unknown. In this study, we subject syngeneic models of metastasis to various thrombocytopenic regimes to show that platelets provide a biphasic contribution to metastasis. While potent intravascular binding of platelets to tumor cells efficiently promotes metastasis, platelets further support the outgrowth of established metastases via immune suppression. Genetic depletion and pharmacological targeting of the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) platelet-specific receptor in humanized mouse models efficiently reduce the growth of established metastases, independently of active platelet binding to tumor cells in the bloodstream. Our study demonstrates therapeutic efficacy when targeting animals bearing growing metastases. It further identifies GPVI as a molecular target whose inhibition can impair metastasis without inducing collateral hemostatic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Garcia-Leon
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
- Domain therapeutics, Parc d'Innovation - 220 Boulevard Gonthier D'Andernach, 67400, Strasbourg - Illkirch, France.
| | - Cristina Liboni
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mittelheisser
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Louis Bochler
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Gautier Follain
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Clarisse Mouriaux
- UMR_S 1255, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Annabel Larnicol
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Florent Colin
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marina Peralta
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Naël Osmani
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Gensbittel
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bourdon
- UMR_S 1255, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angélique Pichot
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
| | - Nicodème Paul
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
| | - Anne Molitor
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
| | - Raphaël Carapito
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut thématique interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pierre H Mangin
- UMR_S 1255, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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14
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Zhao Y, Zhang B, Ma Y, Guo M, Zhao F, Chen J, Wang B, Jin H, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhao Q, Liu Q, Wang H, Zhao F, Wang X. Distinct molecular profiles drive multifaceted characteristics of colorectal cancer metastatic seeds. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231359. [PMID: 38502057 PMCID: PMC10949939 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of primary tumors remains a challenge for early diagnosis and prevention. The cellular properties and molecular drivers of metastatically competent clones within primary tumors remain unclear. Here, we generated 10-16 single cell-derived lines from each of three colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors to identify and characterize metastatic seeds. We found that intrinsic factors conferred clones with distinct metastatic potential and cellular communication capabilities, determining organ-specific metastasis. Poorly differentiated or highly metastatic clones, rather than drug-resistant clones, exhibited poor clinical prognostic impact. Personalized genetic alterations, instead of mutation burden, determined the occurrence of metastatic potential during clonal evolution. Additionally, we developed a gene signature for capturing metastatic potential of primary CRC tumors and demonstrated a strategy for identifying metastatic drivers using isogenic clones with distinct metastatic potential in primary tumors. This study provides insight into the origin and mechanisms of metastasis and will help develop potential anti-metastatic therapeutic targets for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingzhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fulai Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Intelligent Healthcare, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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15
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Arfan S, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH. Molecular Heterogeneity in Leiomyosarcoma and Implications for Personalised Medicine. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:644-658. [PMID: 38656686 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is one of the more common subtypes of soft tissue sarcomas (STS), accounting for about 20% of cases. Differences in anatomical location, risk of recurrence and histomorphological variants contribute to the substantial clinical heterogeneity in survival outcomes and therapy responses observed in patients. There is therefore a need to move away from the current one-size-fits-all treatment approach towards a personalised strategy tailored for individual patients. Over the past decade, tissue profiling studies have revealed key genomic features and an additional layer of molecular heterogeneity among patients, with potential utility for optimal risk stratification and biomarker-matched therapies. Furthermore, recent studies investigating intratumour heterogeneity and tumour evolution patterns in LMS suggest some key features that may need to be taken into consideration when designing treatment strategies and clinical trials. Moving forward, national and international collaborative efforts to aggregate expertise, data, resources and tools are needed to achieve a step change in improving patient survival outcomes in this disease of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arfan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Khin Thway
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK.
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16
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Webb AB, Berg CD, Castle PE, Crosby D, Etzioni R, Kessler LG, Menon U, Parmar M, Steele RJC, Sasieni PD. Considerations for using potential surrogate endpoints in cancer screening trials. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:e183-e192. [PMID: 38697164 PMCID: PMC7616115 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The requirement of large-scale expensive cancer screening trials spanning decades creates considerable barriers to the development, commercialisation, and implementation of novel screening tests. One way to address these problems is to use surrogate endpoints for the ultimate endpoint of interest, cancer mortality, at an earlier timepoint. This Review aims to highlight the issues underlying the choice and use of surrogate endpoints for cancer screening trials, to propose criteria for when and how we might use such endpoints, and to suggest possible candidates. We present the current landscape and challenges, and discuss lessons and shortcomings from the therapeutic trial setting. It is hugely challenging to validate a surrogate endpoint, even with carefully designed clinical studies. Nevertheless, we consider whether there are candidates that might satisfy the requirements defined by research and regulatory bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip E Castle
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruth Etzioni
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Larry G Kessler
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health (HSPOP), School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Usha Menon
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahesh Parmar
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J C Steele
- University of Dundee, Department of Surgery, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Peter D Sasieni
- The Cancer Research UK and King's College London Cancer Prevention Trials Unit, King's College London, London, UK; Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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17
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Trotter TN, Wilson A, McBane J, Dagotto CE, Yang XY, Wei JP, Lei G, Thrash H, Snyder JC, Lyerly HK, Hartman ZC. Overcoming Xenoantigen Immunity to Enable Cellular Tracking and Gene Regulation with Immune-competent "NoGlow" Mice. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1050-1062. [PMID: 38592453 PMCID: PMC11003454 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The ability to temporally regulate gene expression and track labeled cells makes animal models powerful biomedical tools. However, sudden expression of xenobiotic genes [e.g., GFP, luciferase (Luc), or rtTA3] can trigger inadvertent immunity that suppresses foreign protein expression or results in complete rejection of transplanted cells. Germline exposure to foreign antigens somewhat addresses these challenges; however, native fluorescence and bioluminescence abrogates the utility of reporter proteins and highly spatiotemporally restricted expression can lead to suboptimal xenoantigen tolerance. To overcome these unwanted immune responses and enable reliable cell tracking/gene regulation, we developed a novel mouse model that selectively expresses antigen-intact but nonfunctional forms of GFP and Luc, as well as rtTA3, after CRE-mediated recombination. Using tissue-specific CREs, we observed model and sex-based differences in immune tolerance to the encoded xenoantigens, illustrating the obstacles of tolerizing animals to foreign genes and validating the utility of these "NoGlow" mice to dissect mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance. Critically, tissue unrestricted NoGlow mice possess no detectable background fluorescence or luminescence and exhibit limited adaptive immunity against encoded transgenic xenoantigens after vaccination. Moreover, we demonstrate that NoGlow mice allow tracking and tetracycline-inducible gene regulation of triple-transgenic cells expressing GFP/Luc/rtTA3, in contrast to transgene-negative immune-competent mice that eliminate these cells or prohibit metastatic seeding. Notably, this model enables de novo metastasis from orthotopically implanted, triple-transgenic tumor cells, despite high xenoantigen expression. Altogether, the NoGlow model provides a critical resource for in vivo studies across disciplines, including oncology, developmental biology, infectious disease, autoimmunity, and transplantation. SIGNIFICANCE Multitolerant NoGlow mice enable tracking and gene manipulation of transplanted tumor cells without immune-mediated rejection, thus providing a platform to investigate novel mechanisms of adaptive immunity related to metastasis, immunotherapy, and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jason McBane
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Xiao-Yi Yang
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jun-Ping Wei
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gangjun Lei
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hannah Thrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua C. Snyder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Herbert Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zachary C. Hartman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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18
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Hu H, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang H, Kang L, Liu P, Lan P, Wu X, Zhen Y, Pei H, Huang Z, Zhang H, Chen W, Zeng Y, Lai J, Wei H, Huang X, Chen J, Chen J, Tao K, Xu Q, Peng X, Liang J, Cai G, Ding K, Ding Z, Hu M, Zhang W, Tang B, Hong C, Cao J, Huang Z, Cao W, Li F, Wang X, Wang C, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Cai Y, Ling J, Xie X, Wu Z, Shi L, Ling L, Liu H, Wang J, Huang M, Deng Y. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy With Oxaliplatin and Fluoropyrimidine Versus Upfront Surgery for Locally Advanced Colon Cancer: The Randomized, Phase III OPTICAL Trial. J Clin Oncol 2024:JCO2301889. [PMID: 38564700 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in colon cancer remains unclear. This trial investigated whether 3 months of modified infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) or capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) as NAC could improve outcomes in patients with locally advanced colon cancer versus upfront surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS OPTICAL was a randomized, phase III trial in patients with clinically staged locally advanced colon cancer (T3 with extramural spread into the mesocolic fat ≥5 mm or T4). Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive six preoperative cycles of mFOLFOX6 or four cycles of CAPOX, followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC group), or immediate surgery and the physician's choice of adjuvant chemotherapy (upfront surgery group). The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population. RESULTS Between January 2016 and April 2021, of the 752 patients enrolled, 744 patients were included in the mITT analysis (371 in the NAC group; 373 in the upfront surgery group). At a median follow-up of 48.0 months (IQR, 46.0-50.1), 3-year DFS rates were 82.1% in the NAC group and 77.5% in the upfront surgery group (stratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.74 [95% CI, 0.54 to 1.03]). The R0 resection was achieved in 98% of patients who underwent surgery in both groups. Compared with upfront surgery, NAC resulted in a 7% pathologic complete response rate (pCR), significantly lower rates of advanced tumor staging (pT3-4: 77% v 94%), lymph node metastasis (pN1-2: 31% v 46%), and potentially improved overall survival (stratified HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.25 to 0.77]). CONCLUSION NAC with mFOLFOX6 or CAPOX did not show a significant DFS benefit. However, this neoadjuvant approach was safe, resulted in substantial pathologic downstaging, and appears to be a viable therapeutic option for locally advanced colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Pei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongcheng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan Kanghua Hospital, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jigui Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Eighth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Liang
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanfu Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyuan Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuteng Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Li
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Ling
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishuo Shi
- Clinical Research Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, and Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers School of Public Health, Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jianping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Rodriguez-Tirado C, Sosa MS. How much do we know about the metastatic process? Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-023-10248-0. [PMID: 38520475 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells can leave their primary sites and travel through the circulation to distant sites, where they lodge as disseminated cancer cells (DCCs), even during the early and asymptomatic stages of tumor progression. In experimental models and clinical samples, DCCs can be detected in a non-proliferative state, defined as cellular dormancy. This state can persist for extended periods until DCCs reawaken, usually in response to niche-derived reactivation signals. Therefore, their clinical detection in sites like lymph nodes and bone marrow is linked to poor survival. Current cancer therapy designs are based on the biology of the primary tumor and do not target the biology of the dormant DCC population and thus fail to eradicate the initial or subsequent waves of metastasis. In this brief review, we discuss the current methods for detecting DCCs and highlight new strategies that aim to target DCCs that constitute minimal residual disease to reduce or prevent metastasis formation. Furthermore, we present current evidence on the relevance of DCCs derived from early stages of tumor progression in metastatic disease and describe the animal models available for their study. We also discuss our current understanding of the dissemination mechanisms utilized by genetically less- and more-advanced cancer cells, which include the functional analysis of intermediate or hybrid states of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, we raise some intriguing questions regarding the clinical impact of studying the crosstalk between evolutionary waves of DCCs and the initiation of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodriguez-Tirado
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute/Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute/Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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20
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Li X, Wu M, Wu M, Liu J, Song L, Wang J, Zhou J, Li S, Yang H, Zhang J, Cui X, Liu Z, Zeng F. A radiomics and genomics-derived model for predicting metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:170-180. [PMID: 38195111 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients would develop metastasis with poor prognosis, therefore, it is necessary to effectively predict metastasis in clinical treatment. In this study, we aimed to establish a machine-learning model for predicting metastasis in CRC patients by considering radiomics and transcriptomics simultaneously. Here, 1023 patients with CRC from three centers were collected and divided into five queues (Dazhou Central Hospital n = 517, Nanchong Central Hospital n = 120 and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) n = 386). A total of 854 radiomics features were extracted from tumor lesions on CT images, and 217 differentially expressed genes were obtained from non-metastasis and metastasis tumor tissues using RNA sequencing. Based on radiotranscriptomic (RT) analysis, a novel RT model was developed and verified through genetic algorithms (GA). Interleukin (IL)-26, a biomarker in RT model, was verified for its biological function in CRC metastasis. Furthermore, 15 radiomics variables were screened through stepwise regression, which was highly correlated with the IL26 expression level. Finally, a radiomics model (RA) was established by combining GA and stepwise regression analysis with radiomics features. The RA model exhibited favorable discriminatory ability and accuracy for metastasis prediction in two independent verification cohorts. We designed multicenter, multi-scale cohorts to construct and verify novel combined radiomics and genomics models for predicting metastasis in CRC. Overall, RT model and RA model might help clinicians in directing personalized diagnosis and therapeutic regimen selection for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Jiasi Wang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Shilin Li
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
| | - Xinwu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan 635000, China
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21
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Jiang Y, Dong YH, Zhao SW, Liu DY, Zhang JY, Xu XY, Chen H, Chen H, Jin JB. Multiregion WES of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors revealed heterogeneity in genomic alterations, immune microenvironment and evolutionary patterns. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:164. [PMID: 38448900 PMCID: PMC10916270 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs), though uncommon, have a high likelihood of spreading to other body parts. Previously, the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns in metastatic PanNETs were not well understood. To investigate this, we performed multiregion sampling whole-exome sequencing (MRS-WES) on samples from 10 patients who had not received prior treatment for metastatic PanNETs. This included 29 primary tumor samples, 31 lymph node metastases, and 15 liver metastases. We used the MSK-MET dataset for survival analysis and validation of our findings. Our research indicates that mutations in the MEN1/DAXX genes might trigger the early stages of PanNET development. We categorized the patients based on the presence (MEN1/DAXXmut, n = 7) or absence (MEN1/DAXXwild, n = 3) of these mutations. Notable differences were observed between the two groups in terms of genetic alterations and clinically relevant mutations, confirmed using the MSK-MET dataset. Notably, patients with mutations in MEN1/DAXX/ATRX genes had a significantly longer median overall survival compared to those without these mutations (median not reached vs. 43.63 months, p = 0.047). Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) analysis showed a more prominent immunosuppressive environment in metastatic tumors, especially in patients with MEN1/DAXX mutations. These findings imply that MEN1/DAXX mutations lead PanNETs through a unique evolutionary path. The disease's progression pattern indicates that PanNETs can spread early, even before clinical detection, highlighting the importance of identifying biomarkers related to metastasis to guide personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijn 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Han Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijn 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical and Translational Medicine, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, 201114, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Bioinformatics Department, JMDNA Inc., Building 23, 500 Furonghua Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijn 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Bin Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijn 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Sawada A, Ohira M, Hatanaka KC, Matsui H, Ichikawa N, Yoshida T, Fukai M, Matsuno Y, Homma S, Hatanaka Y, Taketomi A. Expression Analysis of Early Metastatic Seeding of Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2101-2113. [PMID: 38063988 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumor dissemination for metastasis formation occurs in advanced cancers and also during early stages of tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the genes involved in early metastatic seeding of CRC using gene expression analysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a cDNA microarray using specimens resected from stages I-II CRC with and without metachronous metastatic recurrence. For the candidate genes, we immunohistochemically validated protein expression using a tissue microarray of stages I-III CRC. RESULTS The expression of TROP2, VWCE, and BMP7 was upregulated in the recurrence group rather than in the non-recurrence group. Protein expression analysis revealed significant association of these genes with distant metastatic recurrence. The specimens with high expression of BMP7 showed worse recurrence-free survival (RFS; p = 0.02). Those with high expression of TROP2 and VWCE showed worse overall survival (OS) and RFS (TROP2: p = 0.01 and p = 0.03; VWCE: p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, high expression of VWCE and BMP7 was an independent predictor of recurrence [VWCE: hazard ratio (HR) 3.41, p < 0.001; BMP7: HR 2.93, p = 0.005]. In contrast, TROP2 was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 4.58, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Gene expression analysis revealed that TROP2, VWCE, and BMP7 were involved in early metastatic seeding. The high expression of these genes may warrant careful surveillance or adjuvant therapy, even in stages I-II CRC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sawada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Moto Fukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Division of Genome Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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23
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Burlaka A, Rozhkova V, Pavliuk R, Chukanov O, Beznosenko A. Laennec's approach for central liver resection of colorectal cancer liver metastasis adjacent to the hepatic hilum that occurred 10 years after colectomy: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 116:109327. [PMID: 38340620 PMCID: PMC10943644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Colorectal cancer ranks as one of the most common cancer globally. About half of the patients experience a disease recurrence in the form of сolorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) within the first 5 years of the course of the disease. However, there are rare cases of delayed onset of liver metastasis, that occur after cessation of standard follow-up. CASE PRESENTATION A 38-year-old woman was referred to our institute with a metastatic liver mass adjacent to the liver hilum. The patient had sigmoid colectomy 10 years ago. After 6 cycles of chemotherapy, she underwent a central liver resection: Sg4, Sg5, Sg8v + middle hepatic vein with surgical skeletonization of 1st and 2nd order hepatic pedicles. The patient was discharged on 5th post-operative day. After 18th month of follow-up, the patient was alive without any signs of recurrence. CLINICAL DISCUSSION The recommended follow-up of colorectal cancer patients is 5 years. However, there are rare instances of late metachronous liver recurrences, that suggest the necessity of more continuous surveillance. For patients with CRLM surgical resection is considered the most radical treatment of choice. The anatomy of Laennec's capsule allows the precise isolation of hepatic pedicles and can facilitate anatomical hepatectomy. CONCLUSION We present a rare case report of borderline-resectable CRLM successfully treated with central liver resection with application of Laennec's approach a decade after the resection of a primary colorectal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Burlaka
- Department of thoraco-abdominal oncology, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Veronika Rozhkova
- Department of thoraco-abdominal oncology, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | | | - Andriy Beznosenko
- Department of thoraco-abdominal oncology, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
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24
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Fontana CM, Van Doan H. Zebrafish xenograft as a tool for the study of colorectal cancer: a review. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:23. [PMID: 38195619 PMCID: PMC10776567 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, mostly due to metastatic disease and the fact that many patients already show signs of metastasis at the time of first diagnosis. Current CRC therapies negatively impact patients' quality of life and have little to no effect on combating the tumor once the dissemination has started. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is a popular animal model utilized in cancer research. One of its main advantages is the ease of xenograft transplantation due to the fact that zebrafish larvae lack the adaptative immune system, guaranteeing the impossibility of rejection. In this review, we have presented the many works that choose zebrafish xenograft as a tool for the study of CRC, highlighting the methods used as well as the promising new therapeutic molecules that have been identified due to this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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25
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Goddard ET, Linde MH, Srivastava S, Klug G, Shabaneh TB, Iannone S, Grzelak CA, Marsh S, Riggio AI, Shor RE, Linde IL, Guerrero M, Veatch JR, Snyder AG, Welm AL, Riddell SR, Ghajar CM. Immune evasion of dormant disseminated tumor cells is due to their scarcity and can be overcome by T cell immunotherapies. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:119-134.e12. [PMID: 38194912 PMCID: PMC10864018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The period between "successful" treatment of localized breast cancer and the onset of distant metastasis can last many years, representing an unexploited window to eradicate disseminated disease and prevent metastases. We find that the source of recurrence-disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) -evade endogenous immunity directed against tumor neoantigens. Although DTCs downregulate major histocompatibility complex I, this does not preclude recognition by conventional T cells. Instead, the scarcity of interactions between two relatively rare populations-DTCs and endogenous antigen-specific T cells-underlies DTC persistence. This scarcity is overcome by any one of three immunotherapies that increase the number of tumor-specific T cells: T cell-based vaccination, or adoptive transfer of T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Each approach achieves robust DTC elimination, motivating discovery of MHC-restricted and -unrestricted DTC antigens that can be targeted with T cell-based immunotherapies to eliminate the reservoir of metastasis-initiating cells in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T Goddard
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Miles H Linde
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shivani Srivastava
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Grant Klug
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tamer B Shabaneh
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Santino Iannone
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Candice A Grzelak
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sydney Marsh
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alessandra I Riggio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryann E Shor
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ian L Linde
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marissa Guerrero
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joshua R Veatch
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Annelise G Snyder
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Translational Sciences and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Metastasis Research eXcellence (MET-X), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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26
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Sun Y, Wu P, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhou K, Song M, Ji Y, Zang F, Lou L, Rao K, Wang P, Gu Y, Gu J, Lu B, Chen L, Pan X, Zhao X, Peng L, Liu D, Chen X, Wu K, Lin P, Wu L, Su Y, Du M, Hou Y, Yang X, Qiu S, Shi Y, Sun H, Zhou J, Huang X, Peng DH, Zhang L, Fan J. Integrated multi-omics profiling to dissect the spatiotemporal evolution of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:135-156.e17. [PMID: 38101410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive molecular analyses of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking. Here, we generate multi-omic profiling of 257 primary and 176 metastatic regions from 182 HCC patients. Primary tumors rich in hypoxia signatures facilitated polyclonal dissemination. Genomic divergence between primary and metastatic HCC is high, and early dissemination is prevalent. The remarkable neoantigen intratumor heterogeneity observed in metastases is associated with decreased T cell reactivity, resulting from disruptions to neoantigen presentation. We identify somatic copy number alterations as highly selected events driving metastasis. Subclones without Wnt mutations show a stronger selective advantage for metastasis than those with Wnt mutations and are characterized by a microenvironment rich in activated fibroblasts favoring a pro-metastatic phenotype. Finally, metastases without Wnt mutations exhibit higher enrichment of immunosuppressive B cells that mediate terminal exhaustion of CD8+ T cells via HLA-E:CD94-NKG2A checkpoint axis. Collectively, our results provide a multi-dimensional dissection of the complex evolutionary process of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Pin Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zefan Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zejian Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiqian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minfang Song
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenglin Zang
- Department of Pathology, Liver Cancer Research Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Limu Lou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Keqiang Rao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yutong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Binbin Lu
- Dunwill Med-Tech, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Xiuqi Pan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Dongbing Liu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kui Wu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Penghui Lin
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Liang Wu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yulin Su
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Pathology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuangjian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huichuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | | | - Liye Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
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27
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Liu F, Zhu C, Ma H, Yang Q. Curcumin targets miR-134-5p to suppress the progression of colorectal cancer through regulating the CDCA3/CDK1 pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:109-122. [PMID: 37368030 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported the anti-tumor action of curcumin on colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying curcumin in the development of colorectal cancer. CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, and transwell invasion assays were conducted to investigate the function role of curcumin in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion. The level of miR-134-5p and CDCA3 was determined using RT-qPCR analysis. Western blot was applied for detecting the levels of c-myc, MMP9, CDCA3, and CDK1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to evaluate the relationship between miR-134-5p and CDCA3, and IP assay was performed to examine the interaction between CDCA3 and CDK1. Additionally, SW620 cells were injected into the mice to form the xenograft tumor model. Curcumin treatment repressed cell growth and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in HCT-116 and SW620 cells. Curcumin elevated miR-134-5p expression and restrained CDCA3 expression in HCT-116 and SW620 cells. MiR-134-5p inhibitor or CDCA3 overexpression could restore the effects of curcumin on cell growth, apoptosis, and invasion in HCT-116 and SW620 cells. MiR-134-5p targeted CDCA3, and CDCA3 could rescue the repressive effects of miR-134-5p on the progression of colorectal cancer. Moreover, CDCA3 interacted with CDK1, and CDK1 overexpression blocked the suppressive effects of CDCA3 downregulation on the development of colorectal cancer. In addition, curcumin treatment repressed tumor growth in colorectal cancer via increasing miR-134-5p and downregulating CDCA3 and CDK1 expression in vivo. Our findings provided the evidence that curcumin upregulated miR-134-5p to inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating CDCA3/CDK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Chongmei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), No. 158, Shangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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28
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Wu Z, Huang D, Wang J, Zhao Y, Sun W, Shen X. Engineering Heterogeneous Tumor Models for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304160. [PMID: 37946674 PMCID: PMC10767453 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor tissue engineering holds great promise for replicating the physiological and behavioral characteristics of tumors in vitro. Advances in this field have led to new opportunities for studying the tumor microenvironment and exploring potential anti-cancer therapeutics. However, the main obstacle to the widespread adoption of tumor models is the poor understanding and insufficient reconstruction of tumor heterogeneity. In this review, the current progress of engineering heterogeneous tumor models is discussed. First, the major components of tumor heterogeneity are summarized, which encompasses various signaling pathways, cell proliferations, and spatial configurations. Then, contemporary approaches are elucidated in tumor engineering that are guided by fundamental principles of tumor biology, and the potential of a bottom-up approach in tumor engineering is highlighted. Additionally, the characterization approaches and biomedical applications of tumor models are discussed, emphasizing the significant role of engineered tumor models in scientific research and clinical trials. Lastly, the challenges of heterogeneous tumor models in promoting oncology research and tumor therapy are described and key directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Danqing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and ImmunologyNanjing Drum Tower HospitalSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
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Donkor M, Choe JY, Reid DM, Fiadjoe HK, Quinn B, Ranjan A, Pulse M, Chaudhary P, Basha R, Jones HP. Surgical Primary Tumor Resection Reduces Accumulation of CD11b + Myeloid Cells in the Lungs Augmenting the Efficacy of an Intranasal Cancer Vaccination against Secondary Lung Metastasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:51. [PMID: 38256885 PMCID: PMC10821475 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of effective cancer treatment is the prevention of tumor reoccurrence and metastasis to distal organs, which are responsible for most cancer deaths. However, primary tumor resection is expected to be curative as most solid tumors have been shown both experimentally and clinically to accelerate metastasis to distal organs including the lungs. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of our engineered nasal nano-vaccine (CpG-NP-Tag) in reducing accelerated lung metastasis resulting from primary tumor resection. Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligonucleotide [CpG ODN]-conjugated nanoparticle [NP] encapsulating tumor antigen [Tag] (CpG-NP-Tag) was manufactured and tested in vivo using a syngeneic mouse mammary tumor model following intranasal delivery. We found that our nasal nano-vaccine (CpG-NP-Tag), compared to control NPs administered after primary mammary tumor resection, significantly reduced lung metastasis in female BALB/c mice subjected to surgery (surgery mice). An evaluation of vaccine efficacy in both surgery and non-surgery mice revealed that primary tumor resection reduces CD11b+ monocyte-derived suppressor-like cell accumulation in the lungs, allowing increased infiltration of vaccine-elicited T cells (IFN-γ CD8+ T cells) in the lungs of surgery mice compared to non-surgery mice. These findings suggest that the combination of the target delivery of a nasal vaccine in conjunction with the standard surgery of primary tumors is a plausible adjunctive treatment against the establishment of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Donkor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Jamie Y. Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Danielle Marie Reid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Hope K. Fiadjoe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Byron Quinn
- Department of Biology, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Amalendu Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Mark Pulse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Harlan P. Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, UNT Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA (D.M.R.); (H.K.F.); (A.R.); (P.C.)
- Institute for Health Disparities UNTHC 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Meng Y, Wang B, Lin H, Li F, Lu S, Wang J, Wang H, Guo L, Zhou X, Fu W. Prognostic Value of Tumor Size in Colon Cancer-Smaller is Better? Am Surg 2023; 89:6060-6069. [PMID: 38124320 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231180944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of tumor size in colon cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to reveal the correlation between tumor size and prognosis of colon cancer. METHODS A total of 491 patients with colon cancer were included in this study. The correlation of tumor size with prognosis, mismatch repair status, and other clinicopathological characteristics as well as tumor microenvironment was analyzed. RESULTS For stage IIA microsatellite stable (MSS) colon cancer, tumors sized <3.5 cm and ≥5 cm were associated with a poorer disease free survival (DFS) compared with tumors sized between 3.5 and 5 cm (P = .002). Small tumor size (HR = 5.098, P = .001) and large tumor size (HR = 2.749, P = .029) were found to be independent prognostic factors for stage IIA MSS colon cancer. Moreover, high expression of transgelin (TAGLN), a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), was found to be an independent prognostic factor for poorer DFS (HR = 9.651, P = .009), which was also associated with smaller tumor size (P = .027). CONCLUSION Small (<3.5 cm) and large (≥5 cm) tumor sizes are associated with decreased DFS in stage IIA MSS colon cancer. Enrichment of TAGLN+ CAFs is associated with decreased DFS and small tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hsinyi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang J, Hu Y, Tan Z, Zhang F, Huang W, Chen K. The lncRNA FENDRR inhibits colorectal cancer progression via interacting with and triggering GSTP1 ubiquitination by FBX8. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23161. [PMID: 38144314 PMCID: PMC10746449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by its aggressiveness and high fatality rate. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as molecular scaffolding in CRC have received little attention. Methods The TCGA database was used to find putative anti-oncogenic lncRNAs in CRC. The effect of FENDRR on CRC was evaluated using the colony formation assay, transwell assays, and wound healing assays, and FENDRR expression was validated by qRT-PCR. The location of the FENDRR binding proteins was determined by an RNA pull-down experiment, and the retrieved proteins were recognized by mass spectrometry. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) studies were used to demonstrate the interaction of GSTP1, FBX8, and FENDRR. Co-IP and immunofluorescence were utilized to confirm the connection between GSTP1 and FBX8. To determine the precise signaling pathways implicated in the action of FENDRR in CRC, we performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) on CRC cells transfected with a vector overexpressing FENDRR. Results The expression of FENDRR was significantly downregulated in CRC tissue and cells. The results of the function experiments showed that overexpression of FENDRR reduced CRC cells' ability to proliferation, invasion, migration and tube formation. In terms of mechanism, FENDRR could bind both GSTP1 and FBX8, act as a molecular scaffold, and utilize FBX8 to regulate the stability of GSTP1's protein. Additionally, the outcomes of NGS and qRT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of genes linked to the HIF-1 pathway was down-regulated following FENDRR overexpression. Lastly, rescue tests demonstrated that overexpression of GSTP1 in CRC cells could completely restore the inhibition induced by FENDRR. Conclusion In this study, we found that the molecular scaffolding protein FENDRR regulates the ubiquitination of GSTP1 and the suppression of the HIF-1 signaling pathway in the development of CRC. Our research provides more evidence of FENDRR's crucial role in the emergence of CRC and identifies it as a potential therapeutic target for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yuemei Hu
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Janin M, Davalos V, Esteller M. Cancer metastasis under the magnifying glass of epigenetics and epitranscriptomics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1071-1112. [PMID: 37369946 PMCID: PMC10713773 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Most of the cancer-associated mortality and morbidity can be attributed to metastasis. The role of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic alterations in cancer origin and progression has been extensively demonstrated during the last years. Both regulations share similar mechanisms driven by DNA or RNA modifiers, namely writers, readers, and erasers; enzymes responsible of respectively introducing, recognizing, or removing the epigenetic or epitranscriptomic modifications. Epigenetic regulation is achieved by DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, chromatin accessibility, and enhancer reprogramming. In parallel, regulation at RNA level, named epitranscriptomic, is driven by a wide diversity of chemical modifications in mostly all RNA molecules. These two-layer regulatory mechanisms are finely controlled in normal tissue, and dysregulations are associated with every hallmark of human cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding epigenetic and epitranscriptomic alterations governing tumor metastasis, and compare pathways regulated at DNA or RNA levels to shed light on a possible epi-crosstalk in cancer metastasis. A deeper understanding on these mechanisms could have important clinical implications for the prevention of advanced malignancies and the management of the disseminated diseases. Additionally, as these epi-alterations can potentially be reversed by small molecules or inhibitors against epi-modifiers, novel therapeutic alternatives could be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Janin
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Davalos
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), IJC Building, Germans Trias I Pujol, Ctra de Can Ruti, Cami de Les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Tang X, Xiang L, Li Q, Shao Y, Wan L, Zhao D, Li X, Wu S, Wang H, Li D, Ding K. Molecular evolution in different subtypes of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1429-1443. [PMID: 37273168 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (MF-HCC) accounts for > 40% of HCCs, exhibiting a poor prognosis than single primary HCCs. Characterizing molecular features including dynamic changes of mutational signature along with clonal evolution, intrahepatic metastatic timing, and genetic footprint in the preneoplastic stage underlying different subtypes of MF-HCC are important for understanding their molecular evolution and developing a precision management strategy. METHODS We conducted whole-exome sequencing in 74 tumor samples from spatially distinct regions in 35 resected lesions and adjacent noncancerous tissues from 11 patients, 15 histologically confirmed preneoplastic lesions, and six samples from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A previously published MF-HCC cohort (n = 9) was included as an independent validation dataset. We combined well-established approaches to investigate tumor heterogeneity, intrahepatic metastatic timing, and molecular footprints in different subtypes of MF-HCCs. RESULTS We classified MF-HCCs patients into three subtypes, including intrahepatic metastasis, multicentric occurrence, and mixed intrahepatic metastasis and multicentric occurrence. The dynamic changes in mutational signatures between tumor subclonal expansions demonstrated varied etiologies (e.g., aristolochic acid exposure) underlying the clonal progression in different MF-HCC subtypes. Furthermore, the clonal evolution in intrahepatic metastasis exhibited an early metastatic seeding at 10-4-0.01 cm3 in primary tumor volume (below the limits of clinical detection), further validated in an independent cohort. In addition, mutational footprints in the preneoplastic lesions for multicentric occurrence patients revealed common preneoplastic arising clones, evidently being ancestors of different tumor lesions. CONCLUSION Our study comprehensively characterized the varied tumor clonal evolutionary history underlying different subtypes of MF-HCC and provided important implications for optimizing personalized clinical management for MF-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Tang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital and Pudong Medical Center of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshu Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dachun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Songfeng Wu
- Beijing Qinglian Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital and Pudong Medical Center of Fudan University, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dewei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Keyue Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Luo M, Li L, Li B, Nice EC, He W, Zheng S, Huang C. Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e427. [PMID: 38045829 PMCID: PMC10693315 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells can mimic characteristics of embryonic development, promoting their development and progression. Cancer cells share features with embryonic development, characterized by robust proliferation and differentiation regulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, hedgehog, and Hippo signaling. In certain phase, these cells also mimic embryonic diapause and fertilized egg implantation to evade treatments or immune elimination and promote metastasis. Additionally, the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), in drug-resistant cancer cells, analogous to their role in placental development, may facilitate chemotherapy efflux, further resulting in treatment resistance. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and progression from the perspective of embryonic development, encompassing the dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways, the emergence of dormant cancer cells, immune microenvironment remodeling, and the hyperactivation of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we synthesize and emphasize the connections between cancer hallmarks and embryonic development, offering novel insights for the development of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseasethe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Maochao Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of anorectal surgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryInstitute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Medical Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, the Hainan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major DiseasesHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Megino-Luque C, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Metastasis suppressor genes and their role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1147-1154. [PMID: 37982987 PMCID: PMC10842895 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The metastatic cascade is a complex process with multiple factors contributing to the seeding and growth of cancer cells at metastatic sites. Within this complex process, several genes have been identified as metastasis suppressors, playing a role in the inhibition of metastasis. Interestingly, some of these genes have been shown to also play a role in regulating the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we comment on the recent developments in the biology of metastasis suppressor genes and their crosstalk with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Megino-Luque
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Chen Z, Lin Z. Prognosis of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in stage I colorectal adenocarcinoma and development of a prediction model: a retrospective study based on the SEER database. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16623-16633. [PMID: 37715832 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) status in stage I colorectal classical adenocarcinoma (CCA) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MUC), and to construct a nomogram model of stage I CCA. METHODS The SEER database was used to collect 14,226 patients diagnosed with stage I colorectal adenocarcinoma (CA) from 2010 to 2015. The prognostic significance of preoperative CEA status in stage I CA and MUC was examined by propensity-matching score (PSM). We analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with stage I CCA, and constructed and verified the prognostic model. RESULTS After PSM, the cancer-specific survival rate (CCS) of CEA-positive patients in stage T1 and T2 CCA was significantly lower than that of CEA-negative patients in stage T1 and T2 [HR = 0.37 (0.29-0.48), P < 0.001], [HR = 0.52 (0.41-0.65), P < 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in CSS between CEA-positive and CEA-negative patients in T1 and T2 MUC [HR = 0.58 (0.43-0.79), P = 0.096], [HR = 0.76 (0.36-1.62), P = 0.477]. A nomogram was constructed based on the results of the multivariate COX regression model. Based on the AUC of ROC analysis, calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA), we concluded that the risk and prognosis model of CCA showed excellent performance. CONCLUSION Elevated CEA is a risk factor for stage I CCA, but not for MUC. And the nomogram is accurate enough to predict the risk and prognostic factors of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
- The Hospital Affiliated to Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Fujian, Putian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fujian, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
- The Hospital Affiliated to Putian University, 999 Dongzhen East Road, Licheng District, Fujian, Putian, People's Republic of China.
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Boublikova L, Novakova A, Simsa J, Lohynska R. Total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: the evidence and expectations. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 192:104196. [PMID: 37926376 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management of locally advanced rectal cancer achieves high cure rates, distant metastatic spread being the main cause of patients' death. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) employs (chemo)radiotherapy and combined chemotherapy prior to surgery to improve the treatment outcomes. TNT has been shown to reduce significantly distant metastases, increase disease-free survival by 5 - 10% in 3 years, and finally also overall survival (≈ 5% in 7 years). It proved to double the rate of pathologic complete responses, making it an attractive strategy for non-operative management to avoid permanent colostomy in patients with distal tumors. In addition, it endorses adherence to the therapy due to better tolerance and, potentially, shortens its overall duration. A number of questions related to TNT remain currently unresolved including the indications, preferred radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimens, their sequence, timing of surgery, and role of adjuvant therapy. A stratified approach may be the optimal way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Boublikova
- Department of Oncology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; CLIP - Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Novakova
- Department of Oncology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Simsa
- Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Lohynska
- Department of Oncology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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38
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Ballarò C, Quaranta V, Giannelli G. Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Can Cytokines Make the Difference? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5359. [PMID: 38001618 PMCID: PMC10670198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Metastasis is the prime driver of CRC-related mortality, and the liver is the organ most frequently involved. Despite the overall success of current treatments, colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is associated with poor prognoses and a survival rate of only 14%. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the crosstalk within it in determining the invasion of distant organs by circulating cancer cells. In the TME, cellular communication is mediated via soluble molecules, among which cytokines have recently emerged as key regulators, involved in every aspect of tumor progression and the metastatic cascade. Indeed, in the serum of CRC patients elevated levels of several cytokines are associated with cancer development and progression. The current review evaluates the role of different cytokines during CRLM development. Additionally, considering the increasing amount of data concerning the importance of cytokine complex networks, we outline the potential of combination treatments using targeted cytokines together with other well-established therapies, such as immune checkpoint blockades, chemotherapy, or gene therapy, to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ballarò
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
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Erdmann-Pham DD, Batra SS, Turkalo TK, Durbin J, Blanchette M, Yeh I, Shain H, Bastian BC, Song YS, Rokhsar DS, Hockemeyer D. Tracing cancer evolution and heterogeneity using Hi-C. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7111. [PMID: 37932252 PMCID: PMC10628133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements can initiate and drive cancer progression, yet it has been challenging to evaluate their impact, especially in genetically heterogeneous solid cancers. To address this problem we developed HiDENSEC, a new computational framework for analyzing chromatin conformation capture in heterogeneous samples that can infer somatic copy number alterations, characterize large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, and estimate cancer cell fractions. After validating HiDENSEC with in silico and in vitro controls, we used it to characterize chromosome-scale evolution during melanoma progression in formalin-fixed tumor samples from three patients. The resulting comprehensive annotation of the genomic events includes copy number neutral translocations that disrupt tumor suppressor genes such as NF1, whole chromosome arm exchanges that result in loss of CDKN2A, and whole-arm copy-number neutral loss of homozygosity involving PTEN. These findings show that large-scale chromosomal rearrangements occur throughout cancer evolution and that characterizing these events yields insights into drivers of melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Daniel Erdmann-Pham
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sanjit Singh Batra
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Timothy K Turkalo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James Durbin
- Dovetail Genomics, Enterprise Way, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066, USA
| | - Marco Blanchette
- Dovetail Genomics, Enterprise Way, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Department of Dermatology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yun S Song
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Daniel S Rokhsar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology, Tancha, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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40
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Chakrabarti S, Mahipal A. FOxTROT Study Results: Some Burning Questions Need Answers. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4822-4823. [PMID: 37463396 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sakti Chakrabarti
- Sakti Chakrabarti, MD and Amit Mahipal, MBBS, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Amit Mahipal
- Sakti Chakrabarti, MD and Amit Mahipal, MBBS, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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41
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Beckstead J, Mehrotra K, Wilson K, Fingleton B. Asthma is associated with a lower incidence of metastatic colorectal cancer in a US patient cohort. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1253660. [PMID: 37860183 PMCID: PMC10584144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1253660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous pre-clinical studies, we examined the contribution of interleukin 4 receptor (IL4R) signaling in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant activation of this receptor can result in atopic diseases such as asthma. We hypothesized that further evidence for the contribution of excessive IL4R being associated with CRC progression could be seen in medical records, and specifically that chronic asthma patients were more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic CRC. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of the Synthetic Derivative, a resource developed at Vanderbilt University Medical Center that hosts de-identified data taken from the electronic medical record. We developed search protocols that produced retrospective cohorts of invasive CRC patients and cancer-free equivalents. In comparing 787 metastatic CRC patients to 238 non-metastatic patients, we actually found significantly fewer asthmatics went on to develop metastatic CRC (P=0.0381). By comparing these groups together against 1197 cancer-free patients, even fewer asthmatic patients would develop invasive CRC (P<0.0001). While these results are clearly in opposition to our original hypothesis, they still support a link between chronic asthma and metastatic CRC development. One intriguing possibility, that will be examined in the future, is whether treatment for chronic asthma may be responsible for the reduction in metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Fingleton
- Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Pang J, Liang B, Ding R, Yan Q, Chen R, Xu J. A denoised multi-omics integration framework for cancer subtype classification and survival prediction. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:bbad304. [PMID: 37594302 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of high-throughput sequencing data creates opportunities to comprehensively understand human diseases as well as challenges to train machine learning models using such high dimensions of data. Here, we propose a denoised multi-omics integration framework, which contains a distribution-based feature denoising algorithm, Feature Selection with Distribution (FSD), for dimension reduction and a multi-omics integration framework, Attention Multi-Omics Integration (AttentionMOI) to predict cancer prognosis and identify cancer subtypes. We demonstrated that FSD improved model performance either using single omic data or multi-omics data in 15 The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) cancers for survival prediction and kidney cancer subtype identification. And our integration framework AttentionMOI outperformed machine learning models and current multi-omics integration algorithms with high dimensions of features. Furthermore, FSD identified features that were associated to cancer prognosis and could be considered as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Pang
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Bilin Liang
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruifeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiujuan Yan
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyao Chen
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China
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Lee JE, Kim KT, Shin SJ, Cheong JH, Choi YY. Genomic and evolutionary characteristics of metastatic gastric cancer by routes. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:672-682. [PMID: 37422528 PMCID: PMC10421927 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In gastric cancer (GC) patients, metastatic progression through the lymphatic, hematogenous, peritoneal, and ovarian routes, is the ultimate cause of death. However, the genomic and evolutionary characteristics of metastatic GC have not been widely evaluated. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing data were analyzed for 99 primary and paired metastatic gastric cancers from 15 patients who underwent gastrectomy and metastasectomy. RESULTS Hematogenous metastatic tumors were associated with increased chromosomal instability and de novo gain/amplification in cancer driver genes, whereas peritoneal/ovarian metastasis was linked to sustained chromosomal stability and de novo somatic mutations in driver genes. The genomic distance of the hematogenous and peritoneal metastatic tumors was found to be closer to the primary tumors than lymph node (LN) metastasis, while ovarian metastasis was closer to LN and peritoneal metastasis than the primary tumor. Two migration patterns for metastatic GCs were identified; branched and diaspora. Both molecular subtypes of the metastatic tumors, rather than the primary tumor, and their migration patterns were related to patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Genomic characteristics of metastatic gastric cancer is distinctive by routes and associated with patients' prognosis along with genomic evolution pattenrs, indicating that both primary and metastatic gastric cancers require genomic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Lee
- Portrai Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Dental Research Institute and Dental Multi-omics Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea.
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44
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Höller A, Nguyen-Sträuli BD, Frauchiger-Heuer H, Ring A. "Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Luminal Breast Cancer: Where are We Now?". BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:525-540. [PMID: 37533589 PMCID: PMC10392911 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s340741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Luminal breast cancers are hormone receptor (estrogen and/or progesterone) positive that are further divided into HER2-negative luminal A and HER2-positive luminal B subtypes. According to currently accepted convention, they represent the most common subtypes of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 70% of cases. Biomarkers play a critical role in the functional characterization, prognostication, and therapeutic prediction, rendering them indispensable for the clinical management of invasive breast cancer. Traditional biomarkers include clinicopathological parameters, which are increasingly extended by genetic and other molecular markers, enabling the comprehensive characterization of patients with luminal breast cancer. Liquid biopsies capturing and analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are emerging technologies that envision personalized management through precision oncology. This article reviews key biomarkers in luminal breast cancer and ongoing developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Höller
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heike Frauchiger-Heuer
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ring
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Ashekyan O, Shahbazyan N, Bareghamyan Y, Kudryavzeva A, Mandel D, Schmidt M, Loeffler-Wirth H, Uduman M, Chand D, Underwood D, Armen G, Arakelyan A, Nersisyan L, Binder H. Transcriptomic Maps of Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Machine Learning of Gene Activation Patterns and Epigenetic Trajectories in Support of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3835. [PMID: 37568651 PMCID: PMC10417131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRLM) remain poorly understood. Here, we applied machine learning and bioinformatics trajectory inference to analyze a gene expression dataset of CRLM. We studied the co-regulation patterns at the gene level, the potential paths of tumor development, their functional context, and their prognostic relevance. Our analysis confirmed the subtyping of five liver metastasis subtypes (LMS). We provide gene-marker signatures for each LMS, and a comprehensive functional characterization that considers both the hallmarks of cancer and the tumor microenvironment. The ordering of CRLMs along a pseudotime-tree revealed a continuous shift in expression programs, suggesting a developmental relationship between the subtypes. Notably, trajectory inference and personalized analysis discovered a range of epigenetic states that shape and guide metastasis progression. By constructing prognostic maps that divided the expression landscape into regions associated with favorable and unfavorable prognoses, we derived a prognostic expression score. This was associated with critical processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, treatment resistance, and immune evasion. These factors were associated with responses to neoadjuvant treatment and the formation of an immuno-suppressive, mesenchymal state. Our machine learning-based molecular profiling provides an in-depth characterization of CRLM heterogeneity with possible implications for treatment and personalized diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohanes Ashekyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Nerses Shahbazyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Yeva Bareghamyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Anna Kudryavzeva
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Daria Mandel
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Maria Schmidt
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.L.-W.)
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.L.-W.)
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Dhan Chand
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Dennis Underwood
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Garo Armen
- Agenus Inc., 3 Forbes Road, Lexington, MA 7305, USA; (M.U.); (D.C.); (D.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Arsen Arakelyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, 7 Has-Ratyan Str., Yerevan 0014, Armenia;
| | - Lilit Nersisyan
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Hans Binder
- Armenian Bioinformatics Institute, 3/6 Nelson Stepanyan Str., Yerevan 0062, Armenia; (O.A.); (N.S.); (Y.B.); (A.K.); (D.M.); (L.N.)
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Universität Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.); (H.L.-W.)
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Li X, Xu J, Zhao C, Yang J. Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Malaria Protein for Early Capture and Recognition of Broad-Spectrum Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12072. [PMID: 37569448 PMCID: PMC10419290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of tumors can significantly reduce the mortality rate. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a type of tumor cell that detaches from the primary tumor and circulates through the bloodstream. Monitoring CTCs may allow the early identification of tumor progression. However, due to their rarity and heterogeneity, the enrichment and identification of CTCs is still challenging. Studies have shown that Raman spectroscopy could distinguish CTCs from metastatic cancer patients. VAR2CSA, a class of malaria proteins, has a strong broad-spectrum binding effect on various tumor cells and is a promising candidate biomarker for cancer detection. Here, recombinant malaria VAR2CSA proteins were synthesized, expressed, and purified. After confirming that various types of tumor cells can be isolated from blood by recombinant malaria VAR2CSA proteins, we further proved that the VAR2CSA combined with Raman spectroscopy could be used efficiently for tumor capture and type recognition using A549 cell lines spiked into the blood. This would allow the early screening and detection of a broad spectrum of CTCs. Finally, we synthesized and purified the malaria protein fusion antibody and confirmed its in vitro tumor-killing activity. Herein, this paper exploits the theoretical basis of a novel strategy to capture, recognize, and kill broad-spectrum types of CTCs from the peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xunrong Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics and Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Qingdao Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.)
- Innovation Platform of Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266100, China
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Ke H, Li Z, Li P, Ye S, Huang J, Hu T, Zhang C, Yuan M, Chen Y, Wu X, Lan P. Dynamic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer during progression revealed clinical risk-associated cell types and regulations in single-cell resolution and spatial context. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad034. [PMID: 37360193 PMCID: PMC10290555 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor heterogeneity is contributed by tumor cells and the microenvironment. Dynamics of tumor heterogeneity during colorectal cancer (CRC) progression have not been elucidated. Methods Eight single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data sets of CRC were included. Milo was utilized to reveal the differential abundance of cell clusters during progression. The differentiation trajectory was imputed by using the Palantir algorithm and metabolic states were assessed by using scMetabolism. Three spatial transcription sequencing (ST-seq) data sets of CRC were used to validate cell-type abundances and colocalization. Cancer-associated regulatory hubs were defined as communication networks affecting tumor biological behaviors. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry staining were performed for validation. Results TM4SF1+, SOX4+, and MKI67+ tumor cells; CXCL12+ cancer-associated fibroblasts; CD4+ resident memory T cells; Treg; IgA+ plasma cells; and several myeloid subsets were enriched in stage IV CRC, most of which were associated with overall survival of patients. Trajectory analysis indicated that tumor cells from patients with advanced-stage CRC were less differentiated, when metabolic heterogeneity showed a highest metabolic signature in terminal states of stromal cells, T cells, and myeloid cells. Moreover, ST-seq validated cell-type abundance in a spatial context and also revealed the correlation of immune infiltration between tertiary lymphoid structures and tumors followed by validation in our cohort. Importantly, analysis of cancer-associated regulatory hubs revealed a cascade of activated pathways including leukocyte apoptotic process, MAPK pathway, myeloid leukocyte differentiation, and angiogenesis during CRC progression. Conclusions Tumor heterogeneity was dynamic during progression, with the enrichment of immunosuppressive Treg, myeloid cells, and fibrotic cells. The differential state of tumor cells was associated with cancer staging. Assessment of cancer-associated regulatory hubs suggested impaired antitumor immunity and increased metastatic ability during CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shubiao Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology ,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology ,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology ,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology ,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology ,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology ,The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- Corresponding author. Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China. Tel: +86-20-38254009;
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Oke JL, Brown SJ, Senger C, Welch HG. Deceptive measures of progress in the NHS long-term plan for cancer: case-based vs. population-based measures. Br J Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41416-023-02308-9. [PMID: 37330566 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The NHS Long Term Plan for cancer aims to increase early-stage diagnoses from 50% to 75% and to have 55,000 more people each year survive their cancer for at least 5 years following diagnosis. The targets measures are flawed and could be met without improving outcomes that really matter to patients. The proportion of early-stage diagnoses could increase, while the number of patients presenting at a late-stage remains the same. More patients could survive their cancer for longer, but lead time and overdiagnosis bias make it impossible to know whether anyone had their life prolonged. The target measures should switch from biased case-based measures to unbiased population-based measures that reflect the key objectives in cancer care: reducing late-stage incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Oke
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, England.
| | | | | | - H Gilbert Welch
- The Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen Y, Dai X, Wang J, Tao C, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Wang Z, Zhang T, Lan Q, Zhao J. Heterogenous profiles between primary lung cancers and paired brain metastases reveal tumor evolution. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1026099. [PMID: 37384291 PMCID: PMC10293929 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1026099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common central nervous system (CNS) malignant tumors, with rapid disease progression and extremely poor prognosis. The heterogeneity between primary lung cancers and BMs leads to the divergent efficacy of the adjuvant therapy response to primary tumors and BMs. However, the extent of heterogeneity between primary lung cancers and BMs, and the evolutionary process remains little known. Methods To deeply insight into the extent of inter-tumor heterogeneity at a single-patient level and the process of these evolutions, we retrospectively analyzed a total of 26 tumor samples from 10 patients with matched primary lung cancers and BMs. One patient underwent four times brain metastatic lesion surgery with diverse locations and one operation for the primary lesion. The genomic and immune heterogeneity between primary lung cancers and BMs were evaluated by utilizing whole-exome sequencing (WESeq) and immunohistochemical analysis. Results In addition to inheriting genomic phenotype and molecular phenotype from the primary lung cancers, massive unique genomic phenotype and molecular phenotype were also observed in BMs, which revealed unimaginable complexity of tumor evolution and extensive heterogeneity among lesions at a single-patient level. By analysis of a multi-metastases case (Case 3) of cancer cells' subclonal composition, we found similar multiple subclonal clusters in the four spatial and temporal isolated brain metastatic focus, with the characteristics of polyclonal dissemination. Our study also verified that the expression level of immune checkpoints-related molecule Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) (P = 0.0002) and the density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (P = 0.0248) in BMs were significantly lower than that in paired primary lung cancers. Additionally, tumor microvascular density (MVD) also differed between primary tumors and paired BMs, indicating that temporal and spatial diversity profoundly contributes to the evolution of BMs heterogeneity. Conclusion Our study revealed the significance of temporal and spatial factors to the evolution of tumor heterogeneity by multi-dimensional analysis of matched primary lung cancers and BMs, which also provided novel insight for formulating individualized treatment strategies for BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dai
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chuming Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Health Management Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongyong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lawrence R, Watters M, Davies CR, Pantel K, Lu YJ. Circulating tumour cells for early detection of clinically relevant cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00781-y. [PMID: 37268719 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Given that cancer mortality is usually a result of late diagnosis, efforts in the field of early detection are paramount to reducing cancer-related deaths and improving patient outcomes. Increasing evidence indicates that metastasis is an early event in patients with aggressive cancers, often occurring even before primary lesions are clinically detectable. Metastases are usually formed from cancer cells that spread to distant non-malignant tissues via the blood circulation, termed circulating tumour cells (CTCs). CTCs have been detected in patients with early stage cancers and, owing to their association with metastasis, might indicate the presence of aggressive disease, thus providing a possible means to expedite diagnosis and treatment initiation for such patients while avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of those with slow-growing, indolent tumours. The utility of CTCs as an early diagnostic tool has been investigated, although further improvements in the efficiency of CTC detection are required. In this Perspective, we discuss the clinical significance of early haematogenous dissemination of cancer cells, the potential of CTCs to facilitate early detection of clinically relevant cancers, and the technological advances that might improve CTC capture and, thus, diagnostic performance in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lawrence
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melissa Watters
- Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Caitlin R Davies
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Biomarkers and Therapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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