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Zhang G, Yao Q, Long C, Yi P, Song J, Wu L, Wan W, Rao X, Lin Y, Wei G, Ying J, Hua F. Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:779-793. [PMID: 38886942 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes. This review outlines the steps involved in the entry of myeloid monocytes into the central nervous system that are targets for effective intervention: the activation of bone marrow hematopoiesis, migration of monocytes in the blood, and penetration of the blood-brain barrier by monocytes. Finally, we summarize the different monocyte subpopulations and their effects on the central nervous system based on phenotypic differences. As activated microglia resemble monocyte-derived macrophages, it is important to accurately identify the role of monocyte-derived macrophages in disease. Depending on the roles played by monocyte-derived macrophages at different stages of the disease, several of these processes can be interrupted to limit neuroinflammation and improve patient prognosis. Here, we discuss possible strategies to target monocytes in neurological diseases, focusing on three key aspects of monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system, to provide new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chubing Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiali Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Luojia Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiuqin Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Golabi M, Kazemi D, Chadeganipour AS, Fouladseresht H, Sullman MJM, Ghezelbash B, Dastgerdi AY, Eskandari N. The Role of Cobalamin in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02075-6. [PMID: 38902541 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative condition that results in axonal and permanent damage to the central nervous system, necessitating healing owing to autoimmune reactions and persistent neuroinflammation. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are essential for the management of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Additionally, multivitamin supplementation, particularly vitamin B12 (cobalamin), may be beneficial for neuronal protection. Although there is no documented connection between vitamin B12 deficiency and MS, researchers have explored its potential as a metabolic cause. This review highlights the therapeutic benefits of cobalamin (Cbl) in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Golabi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Danial Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mark J M Sullman
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Behrooz Ghezelbash
- Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ava Yeganegi Dastgerdi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University of Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Thomas OG, Haigh TA, Croom-Carter D, Leese A, Van Wijck Y, Douglas MR, Rickinson A, Brooks JM, Taylor GS. Heightened Epstein-Barr virus immunity and potential cross-reactivities in multiple sclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012177. [PMID: 38843296 PMCID: PMC11156336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a likely prerequisite for multiple sclerosis (MS) but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated antibody and T cell responses to EBV in persons with MS (pwMS), healthy EBV-seropositive controls (HC) and post-infectious mononucleosis (POST-IM) individuals up to 6 months after disease resolution. The ability of EBV-specific T cell responses to target antigens from the central nervous system (CNS) was also investigated. METHODS Untreated persons with relapsing-remitting MS, POST-IM individuals and HC were, as far as possible, matched for gender, age and HLA-DRB1*15:01. EBV load was determined by qPCR, and IgG responses to key EBV antigens were determined by ELISA, immunofluorescence and Western blot, and tetanus toxoid antibody responses by multiplex bead array. EBV-specific T cell responses were determined ex vivo by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and cross-reactivity of in vitro-expanded responses probed against 9 novel Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viruses expressing candidate CNS autoantigens. RESULTS EBV load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was unchanged in pwMS compared to HC. Serologically, while tetanus toxoid responses were unchanged between groups, IgG responses to EBNA1 and virus capsid antigen (VCA) were significantly elevated (EBNA1 p = 0.0079, VCA p = 0.0298) but, importantly, IgG responses to EBNA2 and the EBNA3 family antigens were also more frequently detected in pwMS (EBNA2 p = 0.042 and EBNA3 p = 0.005). In ex vivo assays, T cell responses to autologous EBV-transformed B cells and to EBNA1 were largely unchanged numerically, but significantly increased IL-2 production was observed in response to certain stimuli in pwMS. EBV-specific polyclonal T cell lines from both MS and HC showed high levels of autoantigen recognition by ICS, and several neuronal proteins emerged as common targets including MOG, MBP, PLP and MOBP. DISCUSSION Elevated serum EBV-specific antibody responses in the MS group were found to extend beyond EBNA1, suggesting a larger dysregulation of EBV-specific antibody responses than previously recognised. Differences in T cell responses to EBV were more difficult to discern, however stimulating EBV-expanded polyclonal T cell lines with 9 candidate CNS autoantigens revealed a high level of autoreactivity and indicate a far-reaching ability of the virus-induced T cell compartment to damage the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G. Thomas
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey A. Haigh
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Croom-Carter
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Leese
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Yolanda Van Wijck
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Douglas
- Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Rickinson
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Jill M. Brooks
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S. Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
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4
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Bernardi C, Charvet C, Zeiser R, Simonetta F. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: From Graft-versus-Host Disease to the Graft-versus-Tumor Effect. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:386-395. [PMID: 38224950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a widely used treatment for a broad range of hematologic malignancies because of its graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Unfortunately, allo-HSCT is still associated with morbidity and mortality related to relapse and transplantation complications, namely graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). In an era of therapies specifically targeting molecular pathways, transcription factors, and cytokines, a better understanding of GVHD physiopathology is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of the role of granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in allo-HSCT. We first discuss the biology of GM-CSF and its signaling pathways, with a focus on the main producing cells, T cells. We discuss recent preclinical studies pointing to a pivotal role of GM-CSF in GVHD, in particular gastrointestinal GVHD. We then summarize the potential role of GM-CSF in the GVT effect, discussing some potential strategies for exploiting GM-CSF in the context of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Charvet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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5
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Baker D, Kang AS, Giovannoni G, Schmierer K. Neutropenia following immune-depletion, notably CD20 targeting, therapies in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105400. [PMID: 38181696 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Neutropenia serves as a risk factor for severe infection and is a consequence of some immune-depleting immunotherapies. This occurs in people with multiple sclerosis following chemotherapy-conditioning in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and potent B cell targeting agents. Whilst CD52 is expressed by neutrophils and may contribute to early-onset neutropenia following alemtuzumab treatment, deoxycytidine kinase and CD20 antigen required for activity of cladribine tablets, off-label rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab and ublituximab are not or only weakly expressed by neutrophils. Therefore, alternative explanations are needed for the rare occurrence of early and late-onset neutropenia following such treatments. This probably occurs due to alterations in the balance of granulopoiesis and neutrophil removal. Neutrophils are short-lived, and their removal may be influenced by drug-associated infections, the killing mechanisms of the therapies and amplified by immune dyscrasia due to influences on neutropoiesis following growth factor rerouting for B cell recovery and cytokine deficits following lymphocyte depletion. This highlights the small but evident neutropenia risks following sustained B cell depletion with some treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.
| | - Angray S Kang
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom; Dental Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom; Clinical Board Medicine (Neuroscience), The Royal London Hospital London, BartsHealth NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Schmierer
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom; Clinical Board Medicine (Neuroscience), The Royal London Hospital London, BartsHealth NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Ulutekin C, Galli E, Schreiner B, Khademi M, Callegari I, Piehl F, Sanderson N, Kirschenbaum D, Mundt S, Filippi M, Furlan R, Olsson T, Derfuss T, Ingelfinger F, Becher B. B cell depletion attenuates CD27 signaling of T helper cells in multiple sclerosis. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101351. [PMID: 38134930 PMCID: PMC10829729 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Whereas T cells are likely the main drivers of disease development, the striking efficacy of B cell-depleting therapies (BCDTs) underscore B cells' involvement in disease progression. How B cells contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis-and consequently the precise mechanism of action of BCDTs-remains elusive. Here, we analyze the impact of BCDTs on the immune landscape in patients with MS using high-dimensional single-cell immunophenotyping. Algorithm-guided analysis reveals a decrease in circulating T follicular helper-like (Tfh-like) cells alongside increases in CD27 expression in memory T helper cells and Tfh-like cells. Elevated CD27 indicates disrupted CD27/CD70 signaling, as sustained CD27 activation in T cells leads to its cleavage. Immunohistological analysis shows CD70-expressing B cells at MS lesion sites. These results suggest that the efficacy of BCDTs may partly hinge upon the disruption of Th cell and B cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ulutekin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18A, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Callegari
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18A, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Sanderson
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kirschenbaum
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, Neurorehabilitation Unit, Neurophysiology Service, and Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Via Olgettina n. 60 - 20132, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Via Olgettina n. 60 - 20132, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina n. 60 - 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18A, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Department of Biomedicine and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Okamoto T, Ishizuka T, Shimizu R, Asahina Y, Nakamura H, Shimizu Y, Nishida Y, Yokota T, Lin Y, Sato W, Yamamura T. Efficacy and Safety of the Natural Killer T Cell-Stimulatory Glycolipid OCH-NCNP1 for Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Protocol for a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e46709. [PMID: 38224478 PMCID: PMC10825757 DOI: 10.2196/46709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that causes myelin sheath damage and axonal degeneration. The glycolipid (2S, 3S, 4R)-1-O-(α-d-galactosyl)-2-tetracosanoylamino-1,3,4-nonaetriol (OCH-NCNP1 or OCH) exerts an immunoregulatory action that suppresses T helper (Th)1 cell-mediated immune responses through natural killer T cell activation, selective interleukin-4 production, and Th2 bias induction in human CD4-positive natural killer T cells. OBJECTIVE This trial aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of the immunomodulator OCH in patients with relapsing MS through 24-week repeated administration. METHODS This protocol describes a double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized phase II clinical trial that was initiated in September 2019. The participants were randomly assigned to either a placebo control group or an OCH-NCNP1 group and the investigational drug (3.0 mg) was orally administered once weekly for the 24-week duration. Major inclusion criteria are as follows: patients had been diagnosed with relapsing MS (relapsing-remitting and/or secondary progressive MS) based on the revised McDonald criteria or were diagnosed with MS by an attending physician as noted in their medical records; patients with at least two medically confirmed clinical exacerbations within 24 months prior to consent or one exacerbation within 12 months prior to consent; patients with at least one lesion suspected to be MS on screening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and patients with 7 points or less in the Expanded Disability Status Scale during screening. Major exclusion criteria are as follows: diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica and one of optic neuritis, acute myelitis, and satisfying at least two of the following three items: (1) spinal cord MRI lesion extending across at least three vertebral bodies, (2) no brain MRI lesions during onset (at least four cerebral white matter lesions or three lesions, one of which is around the lateral ventricle), and (3) neuromyelitis optica-immunoglobulin G or antiaquaporin-4 antibody-positive. Outcome measures include the primary outcome of MRI changes (the percentage of subjects with new or newly expanded lesions at 24 weeks on T2-weighted MRI) and the secondary outcomes annual relapse rate (number of recurrences per year), relapse-free period (time to recurrence), sustained reduction in disability (SRD) occurrence rate, period until SRD (time to SRD occurrence), no evidence of disease activity, and exploratory biomarkers from phase I trials (such as gene expression, cell frequency, and intestinal and oral microbiome). RESULTS We plan to enroll 30 patients in the full analysis set. Enrollment was closed in June 2021 and the study analysis was completed in March 2023. CONCLUSIONS This randomized controlled trial will determine whether OCH-NCNP1 is effective and safe in patients with MS as well as provide evidence for the potential of OCH-NCNP1 as a therapeutic agent for MS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04211740; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04211740. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/46709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takami Ishizuka
- Department of Clinical Research Support, Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Shimizu
- Department of Clinical Research Support, Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Asahina
- Department of Clinical Research Support, Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumasa Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Research Support, Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Nishida
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youwei Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wakiro Sato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Eftekhari R, Ewanchuk BW, Rawji KS, Yates RM, Noorbakhsh F, Kuipers HF, Hollenberg MD. Blockade of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:12-22. [PMID: 37699708 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), which modulates inflammatory responses, is elevated in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In PAR2-null mice, disease severity of EAE is markedly diminished. We therefore tested whether inhibiting PAR2 activation in vivo might be a viable strategy for the treatment of MS. Using the EAE model, we show that a PAR2 antagonist, the pepducin palmitoyl-RSSAMDENSEKKRKSAIK-amide (P2pal-18S), attenuates EAE progression by affecting immune cell function. P2pal-18S treatment markedly diminishes disease severity and reduces demyelination, as well as the infiltration of T-cells and macrophages into the central nervous system. Moreover, P2pal-18S decreases granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production and T-cell activation in cultured splenocytes and prevents macrophage polarization in vitro. We conclude that PAR2 plays a key role in regulating neuroinflammation in EAE and that PAR2 antagonists represent promising therapeutic agents for treating MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Proteinase-activated receptor-2 modulates inflammatory responses and is increased in multiple sclerosis lesions. We show that the proteinase-activated receptor-2 antagonist palmitoyl-RSSAMDENSEKKRKSAIK-amide reduces disease in the murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis by inhibiting T-cell and macrophage activation and infiltration into the central nervous system, making it a potential treatment for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Eftekhari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Medicine (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.E., K.S.R., H.F.K.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (H.F.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (R.E., F.N.)
| | - Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Medicine (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.E., K.S.R., H.F.K.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (H.F.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (R.E., F.N.)
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Medicine (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.E., K.S.R., H.F.K.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (H.F.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (R.E., F.N.)
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Medicine (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.E., K.S.R., H.F.K.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (H.F.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (R.E., F.N.)
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Medicine (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.E., K.S.R., H.F.K.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (H.F.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (R.E., F.N.)
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Medicine (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.E., K.S.R., H.F.K.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (H.F.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (R.E., F.N.)
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Medicine (R.E., M.D.H.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.E., K.S.R., H.F.K.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine (B.W.E., R.M.Y.), and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy (H.F.K.), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (R.E., F.N.)
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9
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Vakrakou AG, Brinia ME, Alexaki A, Koumasopoulos E, Stathopoulos P, Evangelopoulos ME, Stefanis L, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Kilidireas C. Multiple faces of multiple sclerosis in the era of highly efficient treatment modalities: Lymphopenia and switching treatment options challenges daily practice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111192. [PMID: 37951198 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The expanded treatment landscape in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) has resulted in highly effective treatment options and complexity in managing disease- or drug-related events during disease progression. Proper decision-making requires thorough knowledge of the immunobiology of MS itself and an understanding of the main principles behind the mechanisms that lead to secondary autoimmunity affecting organs other than the central nervous system as well as opportunistic infections. The immune system is highly adapted to both environmental and disease-modifying agents. Immune reconstitution following cell depletion or cell entrapment therapies eliminates pathogenic aspects of the disease but can also lead to distorted immune responses with harmful effects. Atypical relapses occur with second-line treatments or after their discontinuation and require appropriate clinical decisions. Lymphopenia is a result of the mechanism of action of many drugs used to treat MS. However, persistent lymphopenia and cell-specific lymphopenia could result in disease exacerbation, secondary autoimmunity, or the emergence of opportunistic infections. Clinicians treating patients with MS should be aware of the multiple faces of MS under novel, efficient treatment modalities and understand the intricate brain-immune cell interactions in the context of an altered immune system. MS relapses and disease progression still occur despite the current treatment modalities and are mediated either by failure to control effector mechanisms inherent to MS pathophysiology or by new drug-related mechanisms. The multiple faces of MS due to the highly adapted immune system of patients impose the need for appropriate switching therapies that safeguard disease remission and further clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Maria-Evgenia Brinia
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Alexaki
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Koumasopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Stathopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Neurology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
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10
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Hojjati S, Ernerudh J, Vrethem M, Mellergård J, Raffetseder J. Dimethyl fumarate treatment in relapsing remitting MS changes the inflammatory CSF protein profile by a prominent decrease in T-helper 1 immunity. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 80:105126. [PMID: 37952502 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a common treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), but its mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Targeted proteomics offers insights into effects of DMF and biomarkers for treatment responses. OBJECTIVES To assess influence of DMF on inflammation- and neuro-associated proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in MS and to reveal biomarkers for predicting treatment responses. METHODS Using the high-sensitivity and high-specificity method of proximity extension assay (PEA), we measured 182 inflammation- and neuro-associated proteins in paired plasma (n = 28) and CSF (n = 12) samples before and after one year of DMF treatment. Disease activity was evaluated through clinical examination and MRI. Statistical tests, network analysis, and regression models were used. RESULTS Several proteins including T-helper 1 (Th1)-associated proteins (CXCL10, CXCL11, granzyme A, IL-12p70, lymphotoxin-alpha) were consistently decreased in CSF, while IL-7 was increased after one year of treatment. The changes in plasma protein levels did not follow the same pattern as in CSF. Logistic regression models identified potential biomarker candidates (including plexins and neurotrophins) for prediction of treatment response. CONCLUSIONS DMF treatment induced prominent changes in CSF proteins, consistently reducing Th1-associated pro-inflammatory proteins. Neurodegeneration-related CSF proteins were able to predict treatment response. Protein biomarkers hold promise for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hojjati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Neurology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Mellergård
- Department of Neurology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Raffetseder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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11
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Doghish AS, Elazazy O, Mohamed HH, Mansour RM, Ghanem A, Faraag AHI, Elballal MS, Elrebehy MA, Elesawy AE, Abdel Mageed SS, Mohammed OA, Nassar YA, Abulsoud AI, Raouf AA, Abdel-Reheim MA, Rashad AA, Elawady AS, Elsisi AM, Alsalme A, Ali MA. The role of miRNAs in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154880. [PMID: 37832353 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained increased attention from researchers around the globe. Although it is twenty nucleotides long, it can modulate several gene targets simultaneously. Their mal expression is a signature of various pathologies, and they provide the foundation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of each pathology. Among the debilitating central nervous system (CNS) disorders with a growing prevalence globally is the multiple sclerosis (MS). Moreover, the diagnosis of MS is challenging due to the lack of disease-specific biomarkers, and the diagnosis mainly depends on ruling out other disabilities. MS could adversely affect patients' lives through its progression, and only symptomatic treatments are available as therapeutic options, but an exact cure is yet unavailable. Consequently, this review hopes to further the study of the biological features of miRNAs in MS and explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ola Elazazy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hend H Mohamed
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Reda M Mansour
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H I Faraag
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Elesawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara A Nassar
- Biology Department, School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Amr Raouf
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Rashad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Elawady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Elsisi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, Egypt
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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12
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Baxter RM, Wang CS, Garcia-Perez JE, Kong DS, Coleman BM, Larchenko V, Schuyler RP, Jackson C, Ghosh T, Rudra P, Paul D, Claassen M, Rochford R, Cambier JC, Ghosh D, Cooper JC, Smith MJ, Hsieh EWY. Expansion of extrafollicular B and T cell subsets in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1208282. [PMID: 37965329 PMCID: PMC10641733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most childhood-onset SLE patients (cSLE) develop lupus nephritis (cLN), but only a small proportion achieve complete response to current therapies. The prognosis of children with LN and end-stage renal disease is particularly dire. Mortality rates within the first five years of renal replacement therapy may reach 22%. Thus, there is urgent need to decipher and target immune mechanisms that drive cLN. Despite the clear role of autoantibody production in SLE, targeted B cell therapies such as rituximab (anti-CD20) and belimumab (anti-BAFF) have shown only modest efficacy in cLN. While many studies have linked dysregulation of germinal center formation to SLE pathogenesis, other work supports a role for extrafollicular B cell activation in generation of pathogenic antibody secreting cells. However, whether extrafollicular B cell subsets and their T cell collaborators play a role in specific organ involvement in cLN and/or track with disease activity remains unknown. Methods We analyzed high-dimensional mass cytometry and gene expression data from 24 treatment naïve cSLE patients at the time of diagnosis and longitudinally, applying novel computational tools to identify abnormalities associated with clinical manifestations (cLN) and disease activity (SLEDAI). Results cSLE patients have an extrafollicular B cell expansion signature, with increased frequency of i) DN2, ii) Bnd2, iii) plasmablasts, and iv) peripheral T helper cells. Most importantly, we discovered that this extrafollicular signature correlates with disease activity in cLN, supporting extrafollicular T/B interactions as a mechanism underlying pediatric renal pathogenesis. Discussion This study integrates established and emerging themes of extrafollicular B cell involvement in SLE by providing evidence for extrafollicular B and peripheral T helper cell expansion, along with elevated type 1 IFN activation, in a homogeneous cohort of treatment-naïve cSLE patients, a point at which they should display the most extreme state of their immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Baxter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christine S. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Josselyn E. Garcia-Perez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel S. Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brianne M. Coleman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Valentyna Larchenko
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ronald P. Schuyler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Conner Jackson
- Center for Innovative Design and Analysis, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tusharkanti Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Debdas Paul
- Clinical Bioinformatics & Machine Learning in Translational Single-Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Clinical Bioinformatics & Machine Learning in Translational Single-Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John C. Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mia J. Smith
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elena W. Y. Hsieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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13
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Diebold M, Fehrenbacher L, Frosch M, Prinz M. How myeloid cells shape experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: At the crossroads of outside-in immunity. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250234. [PMID: 37505465 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity. It is most commonly used to mimic aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating disorder of the human brain and spinal cord. The innate immune response displays one of the core pathophysiological features linked to both the acute and chronic stages of MS. Hence, understanding and targeting the innate immune response is essential. Microglia and other CNS resident MUs, as well as infiltrating myeloid cells, diverge substantially in terms of both their biology and their roles in EAE. Recent advances in the field show that antigen presentation, as well as disease-propagating and regulatory interactions with lymphocytes, can be attributed to specific myeloid cell types and cell states in EAE lesions, following a distinct temporal pattern during disease initiation, propagation and recovery. Furthermore, single-cell techniques enable the assessment of characteristic proinflammatory as well as beneficial cell states, and identification of potential treatment targets. Here, we discuss the principles of EAE induction and protocols for varying experimental paradigms, the composition of the myeloid compartment of the CNS during health and disease, and systematically review effects on myeloid cells for therapeutic approaches in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Diebold
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luca Fehrenbacher
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Frosch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Martin SJ, Brand-Arzamendi K, Saab G, Muccilli A, Oh J, Schneider R. GM-CSF is a marker of compartmentalised intrathecal inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1373-1382. [PMID: 37700482 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231195861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by various immune cells. Several studies have demonstrated an expansion of GM-CSF producing T cells in the blood or CSF of people with MS (pwMS). However, whether this equates to greater concentrations of circulating cytokine remains unknown as quantification is difficult with traditional assays. OBJECTIVE To determine whether GM-CSF can be quantified and whether GM-CSF levels are elevated in pwMS. METHODS We employed Single Molecule Array (Simoa) to measure GM-CSF in both CSF and blood. We then investigated relationships between GM-CSF levels and measures of blood-CSF-barrier integrity. RESULTS GM-CSF was quantifiable in all samples and was significantly higher in the CSF of pwMS compared with controls. No association was found between CSF GM-CSF levels and Q-Albumin - a measure of blood-CSF-barrier integrity. CSF GM-CSF correlated with measures of intrathecal inflammation, and these relationships were greater in primary progressive MS compared with relapsing-remitting MS. CONCLUSION GM-CSF levels are elevated specifically in the CSF of pwMS. Our results suggest that elevated cytokine levels may reflect (at least partial) intrathecal production, as opposed to simple diffusion across a dysfunctional blood-CSF-barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Martin
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K Brand-Arzamendi
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Saab
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Muccilli
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Oh
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R Schneider
- St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Abbaoui A, Fatoba O, Yamashita T. Meningeal T cells function in the central nervous system homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1181071. [PMID: 37608988 PMCID: PMC10440440 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1181071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a rising interest is given to neuroimmune communication in physiological and neuropathological conditions. Meningeal immunity is a complex immune environment housing different types of immune cells. Here, we focus on meningeal T cells, possibly the most explored aspect of neuro-immune cell interactions. Emerging data have shown that meningeal T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. This review highlights how meningeal T cells may contribute to immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) and regulate neurobehavioral functions through the secretion of cytokines. Overall, this review assesses the recent knowledge of meningeal T cells and their effects on CNS functioning in both health and disease conditions and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Abbaoui
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Oluwaseun Fatoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- World Premier International (WPI)-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Berek K, Bauer A, Rudzki D, Auer M, Barket R, Zinganell A, Lerch M, Hofer L, Grams A, Poskaite P, Wurth S, Berger T, Di Pauli F, Deisenhammer F, Hegen H, Reindl M. Immune profiling in multiple sclerosis: a single-center study of 65 cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1200146. [PMID: 37383229 PMCID: PMC10294231 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has evolved alongside the characterization of cytokines and chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. However, the complex interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in different body fluids in people with MS (pwMS) and their association with disease progression is still not well understood and needs further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to profile a total of 65 cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in paired serum and CSF samples of pwMS at disease onset. Methods Multiplex bead-based assays were performed and baseline routine laboratory diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical characteristics were assessed. Of 44 participants included, 40 had a relapsing-remitting disease course and four a primary progressive MS. Results There were 29 cytokines and chemokines that were significantly higher in CSF and 15 in serum. Statistically significant associations with moderate effect sizes were found for 34 of 65 analytes with sex, age, CSF, and MRI parameters and disease progression. Discussion In conclusion, this study provides data on the distribution of 65 different cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in CSF and serum in newly diagnosed pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Berek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angelika Bauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dagmar Rudzki
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Auer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Barket
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anne Zinganell
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magdalena Lerch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Livia Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Grams
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paulina Poskaite
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Wurth
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Di Pauli
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Harald Hegen
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Alakhras NS, Kaplan MH. Dendritic Cells as a Nexus for the Development of Multiple Sclerosis and Models of Disease. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300073. [PMID: 37133870 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) results from an autoimmune attack on the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulated immune cells invade the CNS, causing demyelination, neuronal and axonal damage, and subsequent neurological disorders. Although antigen-specific T cells mediate the immunopathology of MS, innate myeloid cells have essential contributions to CNS tissue damage. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that promote inflammation and modulate adaptive immune responses. This review focuses on DCs as critical components of CNS inflammation. Here, evidence from studies is summarized with animal models of MS and MS patients that support the critical role of DCs in orchestrating CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada S Alakhras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr, MS420, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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18
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Paust HJ, Song N, De Feo D, Asada N, Tuzlak S, Zhao Y, Riedel JH, Hellmig M, Sivayoganathan A, Peters A, Kaffke A, Borchers A, Wenzel UO, Steinmetz OM, Tiegs G, Meister E, Mack M, Kurts C, von Vietinghoff S, Lindenmeyer MT, Hoxha E, Stahl RAK, Huber TB, Bonn S, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Wiech T, Turner JE, Becher B, Krebs CF, Panzer U. CD4 + T cells produce GM-CSF and drive immune-mediated glomerular disease by licensing monocyte-derived cells to produce MMP12. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd6137. [PMID: 36921033 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add6137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
GM-CSF in glomerulonephritisDespite glomerulonephritis being an immune-mediated disease, the contributions of individual immune cell types are not clear. To address this gap in knowledge, Paust et al. characterized pathological immune cells in samples from patients with glomerulonephritis and in samples from mice with the disease. The authors found that CD4+ T cells producing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) licensed monocytes to promote disease by producing matrix metalloproteinase 12 and disrupting the glomerular basement membrane. Targeting GM-CSF to inhibit this axis reduced disease severity in mice, implicating this cytokine as a potential therapeutic target for patients with glomerulonephritis. -CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Paust
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ning Song
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Nariaki Asada
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Selma Tuzlak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Yu Zhao
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Malte Hellmig
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | | | - Anett Peters
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Anna Kaffke
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Alina Borchers
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ulrich O Wenzel
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Oliver M Steinmetz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf 20246, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Meister
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg 93042, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | | | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Elion Hoxha
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Rolf A K Stahl
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Center for Biomedical AI, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Nephropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Christian F Krebs
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
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19
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Liu S, Lan XB, Tian MM, Zhu CH, Ma L, Yang JM, Du J, Zheng P, Yu JQ, Liu N. Targeting the chemokine ligand 2-chemokine receptor 2 axis provides the possibility of immunotherapy in chronic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175646. [PMID: 36907261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects patients' physical and psychological health and quality of life, entailing a tremendous public health challenge. Currently, drugs for chronic pain are usually associated with a large number of side effects and poor efficacy. Chemokines in the neuroimmune interface combine with their receptors to regulate inflammation or mediate neuroinflammation in the peripheral and central nervous system. Targeting chemokines and their receptor-mediated neuroinflammation is an effective means to treat chronic pain. In recent years, growing evidence has shown that the expression of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its main chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is involved in its occurrence, development and maintenance of chronic pain. This paper summarises the relationship between the chemokine system, CCL2/CCR2 axis, and chronic pain, and the CCL2/CCR2 axis changes under different chronic pain conditions. Targeting chemokine CCL2 and its chemokine receptor CCR2 through siRNA, blocking antibodies, or small molecule antagonists may provide new therapeutic possibilities for managing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Miao-Miao Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chun-Hao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jia-Mei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Special Traditional Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center and Collaborative Innovation Center, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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20
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Suzzi S, Croese T, Ravid A, Gold O, Clark AR, Medina S, Kitsberg D, Adam M, Vernon KA, Kohnert E, Shapira I, Malitsky S, Itkin M, Brandis A, Mehlman T, Salame TM, Colaiuta SP, Cahalon L, Slyper M, Greka A, Habib N, Schwartz M. N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1293. [PMID: 36894557 PMCID: PMC9998639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic immunity supports lifelong brain function. Obesity posits a chronic burden on systemic immunity. Independently, obesity was shown as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that high-fat obesogenic diet accelerated recognition-memory impairment in an AD mouse model (5xFAD). In obese 5xFAD mice, hippocampal cells displayed only minor diet-related transcriptional changes, whereas the splenic immune landscape exhibited aging-like CD4+ T-cell deregulation. Following plasma metabolite profiling, we identified free N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), the predominant sialic acid, as the metabolite linking recognition-memory impairment to increased splenic immune-suppressive cells in mice. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed mouse visceral adipose macrophages as a potential source of NANA. In vitro, NANA reduced CD4+ T-cell proliferation, tested in both mouse and human. In vivo, NANA administration to standard diet-fed mice recapitulated high-fat diet effects on CD4+ T cells and accelerated recognition-memory impairment in 5xFAD mice. We suggest that obesity accelerates disease manifestation in a mouse model of AD via systemic immune exhaustion.
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Grants
- R01 DK095045 NIDDK NIH HHS
- R01 DK099465 NIDDK NIH HHS
- the Vera and John Schwartz Family Center for Metabolic Biology.
- the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants DK095045 and DK099465, the Cure Alzheimer’s Fund, the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation, and the Carlos Slim Foundation.
- the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) research grant no. 1709/19, the European Research Council grant 853409, the MOST-IL-China research grant no. 3-15687, and the Myers Foundation. N.H. holds the Goren-Khazzam chair in neuroscience.
- the Advanced European Research Council grants 232835 and 741744, the European Seventh Framework Program HEALTH-2011 (279017), the Israel Science Foundation (ISF)-research grant no. 991/16, the ISF-Legacy Heritage Bio-medical Science Partnership research grant no. 1354/15, and the Thompson Foundation and Adelis Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Suzzi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Tommaso Croese
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Ravid
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Gold
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abbe R Clark
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sedi Medina
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Kitsberg
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miriam Adam
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katherine A Vernon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Kohnert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inbar Shapira
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tevie Mehlman
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomer M Salame
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarah P Colaiuta
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liora Cahalon
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Slyper
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Naomi Habib
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Rehovot, Israel.
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21
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Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Single Cell Analysis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030395. [PMID: 36979087 PMCID: PMC10045136 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Technological developments and improvements in single-cell isolation and analytical platforms allow for advanced molecular profiling at the single-cell level, which reveals cell-to-cell variation within the admixture cells in complex biological or clinical systems. This helps to understand the cellular heterogeneity of normal or diseased tissues and organs. However, most studies focused on the analysis of nucleic acids (e.g., DNA and RNA) and mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis for proteins and metabolites of a single cell lagged until recently. Undoubtedly, MS-based single-cell analysis will provide a deeper insight into cellular mechanisms related to health and disease. This review summarizes recent advances in MS-based single-cell analysis methods and their applications in biology and medicine.
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22
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Kwiatkowski AJ, Helm EY, Stewart J, Leon J, Drashansky T, Avram D, Keselowsky B. Design principles of microparticle size and immunomodulatory factor formulation dictate antigen-specific amelioration of multiple sclerosis in a mouse model. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122001. [PMID: 36716589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific therapies allow for modulation of the immune system in a disease relevant context without systemic immune suppression. These therapies are especially valuable in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), where autoreactive T cells destroy myelin sheath. This work shows that an antigen-specific dual-sized microparticle (dMP) system can effectively halt and reverse disease progression in a mouse model of MS. Current MS treatments leave patients immunocompromised, but the dMP formulation spares the immune system as mice can successfully clear a Listeria Monocytogenes infection. Furthermore, we highlight design principles for particle based immunotherapies including the importance of delivering factors specific for immune cell recruitment (GM-CSF or SDF-1), differentiation (GM-CSF or FLT3L) and suppression (TGF-β or VD3) in conjunction with disease relevant antigen, as the entire formulation is required for maximum efficacy. Lastly, the dMP scheme relies on formulating phagocytosable and non-phagocytosable MP sizes to direct payload to target either cell surface receptors or intracellular targets, as the reverse sized dMP formulation failed to reverse paralysis. We also challenge the design principles of the dMP system showing that the size of the MPs impact efficacy and that GM-CSF plays two distinct roles and that both of these must be replaced to match the primary effect of the dMP system. Overall, this work shows the versatile nature of the dMP system and expands the knowledge in particle science by emphasizing design tenets to guide the next generation of particle based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kwiatkowski
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Joshua Stewart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Juan Leon
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Theodore Drashansky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Benjamin Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, 32610, USA.
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23
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Charabati M, Wheeler MA, Weiner HL, Quintana FJ. Multiple sclerosis: Neuroimmune crosstalk and therapeutic targeting. Cell 2023; 186:1309-1327. [PMID: 37001498 PMCID: PMC10119687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune interactions between glial, neural, and immune cells play important roles in MS pathology and offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review underlying risk factors, mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, available disease modifying therapies, and examine the value of emerging technologies, which may address unmet clinical needs and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Charabati
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Wheeler
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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24
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Arnett LP, Rana R, Chung WWY, Li X, Abtahi M, Majonis D, Bassan J, Nitz M, Winnik MA. Reagents for Mass Cytometry. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1166-1205. [PMID: 36696538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight detection [CyTOF]) is a bioanalytical technique that enables the identification and quantification of diverse features of cellular systems with single-cell resolution. In suspension mass cytometry, cells are stained with stable heavy-atom isotope-tagged reagents, and then the cells are nebulized into an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOF-MS) instrument. In imaging mass cytometry, a pulsed laser is used to ablate ca. 1 μm2 spots of a tissue section. The plume is then transferred to the CyTOF, generating an image of biomarker expression. Similar measurements are possible with multiplexed ion bean imaging (MIBI). The unit mass resolution of the ICP-TOF-MS detector allows for multiparametric analysis of (in principle) up to 130 different parameters. Currently available reagents, however, allow simultaneous measurement of up to 50 biomarkers. As new reagents are developed, the scope of information that can be obtained by mass cytometry continues to increase, particularly due to the development of new small molecule reagents which enable monitoring of active biochemistry at the cellular level. This review summarizes the history and current state of mass cytometry reagent development and elaborates on areas where there is a need for new reagents. Additionally, this review provides guidelines on how new reagents should be tested and how the data should be presented to make them most meaningful to the mass cytometry user community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loryn P Arnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Wilson Wai-Yip Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mahtab Abtahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Daniel Majonis
- Standard BioTools Canada Inc. (formerly Fluidigm Canada Inc.), 1380 Rodick Road, Suite 400, Markham, OntarioL3R 4G5, Canada
| | - Jay Bassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 200 College Street, Toronto, OntarioM5S 3E5, Canada
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25
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Mathias A, Pantazou V, Perriot S, Canales M, Jones S, Oberholster L, Moulin M, Fenwick C, Bernard-Valnet R, Théaudin M, Pot C, Du Pasquier RA. Ocrelizumab Impairs the Phenotype and Function of Memory CD8 + T Cells: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:10/2/e200084. [PMID: 36717268 PMCID: PMC9887539 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Depleting CD20+ B cells is the primary mechanism by which ocrelizumab (OCRE) is efficient in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, the exact role of OCRE on other immune cell subsets directly or indirectly remains elusive. The purpose of this study is to characterize the dynamics of peripheral immune cells of pwMS on OCRE. METHODS We collected blood samples from 38 pwMS before OCRE onset (T0) and at 6 and 12 months (T6, T12) after initiation. To cover the immune cell diversity, using mass cytometry time of flight, we designed a 38-parameter panel to analyze B, T, and innate immune cell markers and CNS migratory markers. In parallel, viral-specific CD8+ T-cell responses were assessed by the quantification of interferon-γ secretion using the enzyme-linked immunospot assay on cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and influenza stimulations. RESULTS Beside B-cell depletion, we observed a loss in memory CD8+CD20+ and central memory CD8+ T cells but not in CD4+CD20+ T cells already at T6 and T12 (p < 0.001). The loss of memory CD8+ T cells correlated with a lower CXCR3 expression (p < 0.001) and CNS-related LFA-1 integrin expression (p < 0.001) as well as a reduced antiviral cellular immune response observed at both time points (p < 0.001). Of note, we did not observe major changes in the phenotype of the other cell types studied. Seven of 38 (18.4%) patients in our cohort presented with infections while on OCRE; 4 of which were switched from dimethyl fumarate. Finally, using a mixed linear model on mass cytometry data, we demonstrated that the immunomodulation induced by previous disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) was prolonged over the period of the study. DISCUSSION In addition to its well-known role on B cells, our data suggest that OCRE also acts on CD8+ T cells by depleting the memory compartment. These changes in CD8+ T cells may be an asset in the action of OCRE on MS course but might also contribute to explain the increased occurrence of infections in these patients. Finally, although more data are needed to confirm this observation, it suggests that clinicians should pay a special attention to an increased infection risk in pwMS switched from other DMTs to OCRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Mathias
- From the Laboratories of Neuroimmunology (A.M., V.P., S.P., M.C., S.J., L.O., C.P., R.A.D), Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Service of Neurology (V.P., R.B.-V., M.T., C.P., R.A.D.), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Paris Brain Institute (V.P.), Lubetzki-Stankoff group of Myelination, France; Service of Immunology and Allergy (M.M., C.F.), Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Schnell A, Littman DR, Kuchroo VK. T H17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:19-29. [PMID: 36596896 PMCID: PMC10795475 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17 cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In addition, TH17 cells have been found to play an important role in tissue homeostasis, especially in the intestinal mucosa. Recently, the use of single-cell technologies, along with fate mapping and various mutant mouse models, has led to substantial progress in the understanding of TH17 cell heterogeneity in tissues and of TH17 cell plasticity leading to alternative T cell states and differing functions. In this Review, we discuss the heterogeneity of TH17 cells and the role of this heterogeneity in diverse functions of TH17 cells from homeostasis to tissue inflammation. In addition, we discuss TH17 cell plasticity and its incorporation into the current understanding of T cell subsets and alternative views on the role of TH17 cells in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Department of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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27
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Sato W, Noto D, Araki M, Okamoto T, Lin Y, Yamaguchi H, Kadowaki-Saga R, Kimura A, Kimura Y, Sato N, Ishizuka T, Nakamura H, Miyake S, Yamamura T. First-in-human clinical trial of the NKT cell-stimulatory glycolipid OCH in multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231162153. [PMID: 36993937 PMCID: PMC10041592 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231162153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that causes the damage to the myelin sheath as well as axonal degeneration. Individuals with MS appear to have changes in the numbers and functions of T-cell subsets, leading to an immunological imbalance accompanied by enhanced autoreactivity. In previous preclinical studies, (2 S,3 S,4R)-1-O-(α-D-Galactopyranosyl)-N-tetracosanoyl-2-amino-1,3,4-nonanetriol (OCH), a synthetic analog of α-galactosylceramide stimulatory for invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, has shown therapeutic or disease-preventive immunoregulatory effects in autoimmune disease models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Objectives This study is the first-in-human study of oral OCH to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and to examine the effects on immune cells as well as related gene expression profiles. Methods Fifteen healthy volunteers and 13 MS patients who met the study criteria were enrolled. They were divided into five cohorts and received oral administration of various doses of granulated powder of OCH (0.3-30 mg), once per week for 4 or 13 weeks. Plasma OCH concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were evaluated by flow cytometry, and microarray analysis was performed to determine OCH-induced changes in gene expression. Results Oral OCH was well tolerated, and its bioavailability was found to be sufficient. Six hours after a single dose of OCH, increased frequencies of Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells were observed in some cohorts of healthy subjects and MS patients. Furthermore, gene expression analysis demonstrated an upregulation of several immunoregulatory genes and downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes following OCH administration. Conclusion This study has demonstrated immunomodulatory effects of the iNKT cell-stimulatory drug OCH in human. Safety profiles together with the presumed anti-inflammatory effects of oral OCH encouraged us to conduct a phase II trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manabu Araki
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youwei Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamaguchi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kadowaki-Saga
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kimura
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takami Ishizuka
- Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumasa Nakamura
- Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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Barbetta A, Rocque B, Sarode D, Bartlett JA, Emamaullee J. Revisiting transplant immunology through the lens of single-cell technologies. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:91-109. [PMID: 35980400 PMCID: PMC9386203 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the standard of care for end-stage organ disease. The most frequent complication of SOT involves allograft rejection, which may occur via T cell- and/or antibody-mediated mechanisms. Diagnosis of rejection in the clinical setting requires an invasive biopsy as there are currently no reliable biomarkers to detect rejection episodes. Likewise, it is virtually impossible to identify patients who exhibit operational tolerance and may be candidates for reduced or complete withdrawal of immunosuppression. Emerging single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), imaging mass cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing, represent a new opportunity for deep characterization of pathogenic immune populations involved in both allograft rejection and tolerance in clinical samples. These techniques enable examination of both individual cellular phenotypes and cell-to-cell interactions, ultimately providing new insights into the complex pathophysiology of allograft rejection. However, working with these large, highly dimensional datasets requires expertise in advanced data processing and analysis using computational biology techniques. Machine learning algorithms represent an optimal strategy to analyze and create predictive models using these complex datasets and will likely be essential for future clinical application of patient level results based on single-cell data. Herein, we review the existing literature on single-cell techniques in the context of SOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Barbetta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brittany Rocque
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Sarode
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Ascher Bartlett
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juliet Emamaullee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, University of Southern California, 1510 San Pablo St. Suite 412, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Organ Transplantation Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Vakrakou AG, Paschalidis N, Pavlos E, Giannouli C, Karathanasis D, Tsipota X, Velonakis G, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Evangelopoulos ME, Stefanis L, Kilidireas C. Specific myeloid signatures in peripheral blood differentiate active and rare clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1071623. [PMID: 36761741 PMCID: PMC9905713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1071623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology implicates perturbations in adaptive cellular immune responses, predominantly T cells, in Relapsing-Remitting forms (RRMS). Nevertheless, from a clinical perspective MS is a heterogeneous disease reflecting the heterogeneity of involved biological systems. This complexity requires advanced analysis tools at the single-cell level to discover biomarkers for better patient-group stratification. We designed a novel 44-parameter mass cytometry panel to interrogate predominantly the role of effector and regulatory subpopulations of peripheral blood myeloid subsets along with B and T-cells (excluding granulocytes) in MS, assessing three different patient cohorts: RRMS, PPMS (Primary Progressive) and Tumefactive MS patients (TMS) (n=10, 8, 14 respectively). We further subgrouped our cohort into inactive or active disease stages to capture the early underlying events in disease pathophysiology. Peripheral blood analysis showed that TMS cases belonged to the spectrum of RRMS, whereas PPMS cases displayed different features. In particular, TMS patients during a relapse stage were characterized by a specific subset of CD11c+CD14+ CD33+, CD192+, CD172+-myeloid cells with an alternative phenotype of monocyte-derived macrophages (high arginase-1, CD38, HLA-DR-low and endogenous TNF-a production). Moreover, TMS patients in relapse displayed a selective CD4 T-cell lymphopenia of cells with a Th2-like polarised phenotype. PPMS patients did not display substantial differences from healthy controls, apart from a trend toward higher expansion of NK cell subsets. Importantly, we found that myeloid cell populations are reshaped under effective disease-modifying therapy predominantly with glatiramer acetate and to a lesser extent with anti-CD20, suggesting that the identified cell signature represents a specific therapeutic target in TMS. The expanded myeloid signature in TMS patients was also confirmed by flow cytometry. Serum neurofilament light-chain levels confirmed the correlation of this myeloid cell signature with indices of axonal injury. More in-depth analysis of myeloid subsets revealed an increase of a subset of highly cytolytic and terminally differentiated NK cells in PPMS patients with leptomeningeal enhancement (active-PPMS), compared to those without (inactive-PPMS). We have identified previously uncharacterized subsets of circulating myeloid cells and shown them to correlate with distinct disease forms of MS as well as with specific disease states (relapse/remission).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli G Vakrakou
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Paschalidis
- Mass Cytometry-CyTOF Laboratory, Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Pavlos
- Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christina Giannouli
- Center for Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Karathanasis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Xristina Tsipota
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- Research Unit of Radiology, 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria-Eleftheria Evangelopoulos
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Kilidireas
- Demyelinating Diseases Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
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Liu X, Jiang Q, Lv J, Yang S, Huang Z, Duan R, Tao T, Li Z, Ju R, Zheng Y, Su W. Insights gained from single-cell analysis of immune cells in tofacitinib treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:162335. [PMID: 36301664 PMCID: PMC9746911 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is an important refractory uveitis mediated by pathological T cells (TCs). Tofacitinib (TOFA) is a JAK- targeted therapy for several autoimmune diseases. However, the specific pathogenesis and targeted therapeutics for VKH remain largely unknown. Based on single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry, we present what we believe is the first multimodal, high-dimensional analysis to generate a comprehensive human immune atlas regarding subset composition, gene signatures, enriched pathways, and intercellular interactions of VKH patients undergoing TOFA therapy. Patients with VKH are characterized by TCs' polarization from naive to effector and memory subsets, together with accrued monocytes and upregulated cytokines and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. In vitro, TOFA reversed Th17/Treg imbalance and inhibited IL-2-induced STAT1/3 phosphorylation. TOFA alleviated VKH symptoms by restoring pathological TCs' polarization and functional marker expression and downregulating cytokine signaling and lymphocyte function. Remarkably, inflammation-related responses and intercellular interactions decreased after TOFA treatment, particularly in monocytes. Notably, we identified 2 inflammation- and JAK-associated monocyte subpopulations that were strongly implicated in VKH pathogenesis and mechanisms involved in TOFA treatment. Here, we provide a potentially novel JAK-targeted therapy for VKH and elaborate on the possible therapeutic mechanisms of TOFA, expanding our knowledge of VKH pathological patterns.
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31
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Attfield KE, Jensen LT, Kaufmann M, Friese MA, Fugger L. The immunology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:734-750. [PMID: 35508809 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our incomplete understanding of the causes and pathways involved in the onset and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) limits our ability to effectively treat this complex neurological disease. Recent studies explore the role of immune cells at different stages of MS and how they interact with cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The findings presented here begin to question the exclusivity of an antigen-specific cause and highlight how seemingly distinct immune cell types can share common functions that drive disease. Innovative techniques further expose new disease-associated immune cell populations and reinforce how environmental context is critical to their phenotype and subsequent role in disease. Importantly, the differentiation of immune cells into a pathogenic state is potentially reversible through therapeutic manipulation. As such, understanding the mechanisms that provide plasticity to causal cell types is likely key to uncoupling these disease processes and may identify novel therapeutic targets that replace the need for cell ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine E Attfield
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lise Torp Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Max Kaufmann
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie Hamburg, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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32
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Single-Cell Analysis to Better Understand the Mechanisms Involved in MS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012142. [PMID: 36292995 PMCID: PMC9602568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Although this disease is widely studied, many of the precise mechanisms involved are still not well known. Numerous studies currently focusing on multiple sclerosis highlight the involvement of many major immune cell subsets, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and more recently B cells. However, our vision of its pathology has remained too broad to allow the proper use of targeted therapeutics. This past decade, new technologies have emerged, enabling deeper research into the different cell subsets at the single-cell level both in the periphery and in the central nervous system. These technologies could allow us to identify new cell populations involved in the disease process and new therapeutic targets. In this review, we briefly introduce the major single-cell technologies currently used in studies before diving into the major findings from the multiple sclerosis research from the past 5 years. We focus on results that were obtained using single-cell technologies to study immune cells and cells from the central nervous system.
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Abstract
Inflammation is a biological process that dynamically alters the surrounding microenvironment, including participating immune cells. As a well-protected organ surrounded by specialized barriers and with immune privilege properties, the central nervous system (CNS) tightly regulates immune responses. Yet in neuroinflammatory conditions, pathogenic immunity can disrupt CNS structure and function. T cells in particular play a key role in promoting and restricting neuroinflammatory responses, while the inflamed CNS microenvironment can influence and reshape T cell function and identity. Still, the contraction of aberrant T cell responses within the CNS is not well understood. Using autoimmunity as a model, here we address the contribution of CD4 T helper (Th) cell subsets in promoting neuropathology and disease. To address the mechanisms antagonizing neuroinflammation, we focus on the control of the immune response by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and describe the counteracting processes that preserve their identity under inflammatory challenges. Finally, given the influence of the local microenvironment on immune regulation, we address how CNS-intrinsic signals reshape T cell function to mitigate abnormal immune T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Benallegue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Hania Kebir
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jorge I. Alvarez
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Liu R, Du S, Zhao L, Jain S, Sahay K, Rizvanov A, Lezhnyova V, Khaibullin T, Martynova E, Khaiboullina S, Baranwal M. Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996469. [PMID: 36211343 PMCID: PMC9539795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads to damage of a neuron’s axon and cell body, which is identified as brain lesions on magnetic resonance image (MRI). The pathogenesis of MS remains largely unknown. However, immune mechanisms, especially those linked to the aberrant lymphocyte activity, are mainly responsible for neuronal damage. Th1 and Th17 populations of lymphocytes were primarily associated with MS pathogenesis. These lymphocytes are essential for differentiation of encephalitogenic CD8+ T cell and Th17 lymphocyte crossing the blood brain barrier and targeting myelin sheath in the CNS. B-lymphocytes could also contribute to MS pathogenesis by producing anti-myelin basic protein antibodies. In later studies, aberrant function of Treg and Th9 cells was identified as contributing to MS. This review summarizes the aberrant function and count of lymphocyte, and the contributions of these cell to the mechanisms of MS. Additionally, we have outlined the novel MS therapeutics aimed to amend the aberrant function or counts of these lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shushu Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sahil Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kritika Sahay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vera Lezhnyova
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur Khaibullin
- Neurological Department, Republican Clinical Neurological Center, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
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Hossain MZ, Daskalaki E, Brüstle A, Desborough J, Lueck CJ, Suominen H. The role of machine learning in developing non-magnetic resonance imaging based biomarkers for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:242. [PMID: 36109726 PMCID: PMC9476596 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition whose symptoms, severity, and progression over time vary enormously among individuals. Ideally, each person living with MS should be provided with an accurate prognosis at the time of diagnosis, precision in initial and subsequent treatment decisions, and improved timeliness in detecting the need to reassess treatment regimens. To manage these three components, discovering an accurate, objective measure of overall disease severity is essential. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can contribute to finding such a clinically useful biomarker of MS through their ability to search and analyze datasets about potential biomarkers at scale. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review to determine how, and in what way, ML has been applied to the study of MS biomarkers on data from sources other than magnetic resonance imaging.
Methods
Systematic searches through eight databases were conducted for literature published in 2014–2020 on MS and specified ML algorithms.
Results
Of the 1, 052 returned papers, 66 met the inclusion criteria. All included papers addressed developing classifiers for MS identification or measuring its progression, typically, using hold-out evaluation on subsets of fewer than 200 participants with MS. These classifiers focused on biomarkers of MS, ranging from those derived from omics and phenotypical data (34.5% clinical, 33.3% biological, 23.0% physiological, and 9.2% drug response). Algorithmic choices were dependent on both the amount of data available for supervised ML (91.5%; 49.2% classification and 42.3% regression) and the requirement to be able to justify the resulting decision-making principles in healthcare settings. Therefore, algorithms based on decision trees and support vector machines were commonly used, and the maximum average performance of 89.9% AUC was found in random forests comparing with other ML algorithms.
Conclusions
ML is applicable to determining how candidate biomarkers perform in the assessment of disease severity. However, applying ML research to develop decision aids to help clinicians optimize treatment strategies and analyze treatment responses in individual patients calls for creating appropriate data resources and shared experimental protocols. They should target proceeding from segregated classification of signals or natural language to both holistic analyses across data modalities and clinically-meaningful differentiation of disease.
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High-dimensional immune profiling identifies a biomarker to monitor dimethyl fumarate response in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205042119. [PMID: 35881799 PMCID: PMC9351505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205042119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immunomodulatory treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite its wide clinical use, the mechanisms underlying clinical response are not understood. This study aimed to reveal immune markers of therapeutic response to DMF treatment in MS. For this purpose, we prospectively collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a highly characterized cohort of 44 individuals with MS before and at 12 and 48 wk of DMF treatment. Single cells were profiled using high-dimensional mass cytometry. To capture the heterogeneity of different immune subsets, we adopted a bioinformatic multipanel approach that allowed cell population-cluster assignment of more than 50 different parameters, including lineage and activation markers as well as chemokine receptors and cytokines. Data were further analyzed in a semiunbiased fashion implementing a supervised representation learning approach to capture subtle longitudinal immune changes characteristic for therapy response. With this approach, we identified a population of memory T helper cells expressing high levels of neuroinflammatory cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interferon γ [IFNγ]) as well as CXCR3, whose abundance correlated with treatment response. Using spectral flow cytometry, we confirmed these findings in a second cohort of patients. Serum neurofilament light-chain levels confirmed the correlation of this immune cell signature with axonal damage. The identified cell population is expanded in peripheral blood under natalizumab treatment, substantiating a specific role in treatment response. We propose that depletion of GM-CSF-, IFNγ-, and CXCR3-expressing T helper cells is the main mechanism of action of DMF and allows monitoring of treatment response.
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Callegari I, Schneider M, Berloffa G, Mühlethaler T, Holdermann S, Galli E, Roloff T, Boss R, Infanti L, Khanna N, Egli A, Buser A, Zimmer G, Derfuss T, Sanderson NSR. Potent neutralization by monoclonal human IgM against SARS-CoV-2 is impaired by class switch. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53956. [PMID: 35548920 PMCID: PMC9253785 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the class‐dependent properties of anti‐viral IgM antibodies, we use membrane antigen capture activated cell sorting to isolate spike‐protein‐specific B cells from donors recently infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, allowing production of recombinant antibodies. We isolate 20, spike‐protein‐specific antibodies of classes IgM, IgG, and IgA, none of which shows any antigen‐independent binding to human cells. Two antibodies of class IgM mediate virus neutralization at picomolar concentrations, but this potency is lost following artificial switch to IgG. Although, as expected, the IgG versions of the antibodies appear to have lower avidity than their IgM parents, this is not sufficient to explain the loss of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Callegari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mika Schneider
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuliano Berloffa
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Biophysics Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Holdermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tim Roloff
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renate Boss
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Infanti
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nina Khanna
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buser
- Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Swiss Red Cross, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas S R Sanderson
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,MS Center, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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38
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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39
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Rasouli J, Casella G, Zhang W, Xiao D, Kumar G, Fortina P, Zhang GX, Ciric B, Rostami A. Transcription Factor RUNX3 Mediates Plasticity of ThGM Cells Toward Th1 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912583. [PMID: 35860266 PMCID: PMC9289370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF-producing T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have identified a distinct population of GM-CSF-producing Th cells, named ThGM cells, that also express cytokines TNF, IL-2, and IL-3, but lack expression of master transcription factors (TF) and signature cytokines of commonly recognized Th cell lineages. ThGM cells are highly encephalitogenic in a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Similar to Th17 cells, in response to IL-12, ThGM cells upregulate expression of T-bet and IFN-γ and switch their phenotype to Th1. Here we show that in addition to T-bet, TF RUNX3 also contributes to the Th1 switch of ThGM cells. T-bet-deficient ThGM cells in the CNS of mice with EAE had low expression of RUNX3, and knockdown of RUNX3 expression in ThGM cells abrogated the Th1-inducing effect of IL-12. Comparison of ThGM and Th1 cell transcriptomes showed that ThGM cells expressed a set of TFs known to inhibit the development of other Th lineages. Lack of expression of lineage-specific cytokines and TFs by ThGM cells, together with expression of TFs that inhibit the development of other Th lineages, suggests that ThGM cells are a non-polarized subset of Th cells with lineage characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Abdolmohamad Rostami,
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40
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Single-cell multiomics in neuroinflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 76:102180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Piper C, Hainstock E, Yin-Yuan C, Chen Y, Khatun A, Kasmani MY, Evans J, Miller JA, Gorski J, Cui W, Drobyski WR. Single-cell immune profiling reveals a developmentally distinct CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell lineage that induces GI tract GVHD. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2791-2804. [PMID: 35015822 PMCID: PMC9092418 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement is a major determinant for subsequent morbidity and mortality arising during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CD4+ T cells that produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have emerged as central mediators of inflammation in this tissue site as GM-CSF serves as a critical cytokine link between the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. However, cellular heterogeneity within the CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell population due to the concurrent production of other inflammatory cytokines has raised questions as to whether these cells have a common ontology or if a unique CD4+ GM-CSF+ subset exists that differs from other defined T helper subtypes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (scRNAseq), we identified two CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell populations that arose during GVHD and were distinguishable according to the presence or absence of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) coexpression. CD4+ GM-CSF+ IFN-γ- T cells, which emerged preferentially in the colon, had a distinct transcriptional profile, used unique gene regulatory networks, and possessed a nonoverlapping T-cell receptor repertoire compared with CD4+ GM-CSF+ IFN-γ+ T cells as well as all other transcriptionally defined CD4+ T-cell populations in the colon. Functionally, this CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell population contributed to pathologic damage in the GI tract that was critically dependent on signaling through the interleukin-17 (IL-7) receptor but was independent of type 1 interferon signaling. Thus, these studies help to unravel heterogeneity within CD4+ GM-CSF+ T cells that arise during GVHD and define a developmentally distinct colitogenic T helper subtype GM-CSF+ subset that mediates immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Piper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Emma Hainstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Cheng Yin-Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Moujtaba Y. Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | | | | | - Jack Gorski
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - William R. Drobyski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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42
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Heng AHS, Han CW, Abbott C, McColl SR, Comerford I. Chemokine-Driven Migration of Pro-Inflammatory CD4 + T Cells in CNS Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817473. [PMID: 35250997 PMCID: PMC8889115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory CD4+ T helper (Th) cells drive the pathogenesis of many autoimmune conditions. Recent advances have modified views of the phenotype of pro-inflammatory Th cells in autoimmunity, extending the breadth of known Th cell subsets that operate as drivers of these responses. Heterogeneity and plasticity within Th1 and Th17 cells, and the discovery of subsets of Th cells dedicated to production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF have led to these advances. Here, we review recent progress in this area and focus specifically upon evidence for chemokine receptors that drive recruitment of these various pro-inflammatory Th cell subsets to sites of autoimmune inflammation in the CNS. We discuss expression of specific chemokine receptors by subsets of pro-inflammatory Th cells and highlight which receptors may be tractable targets of therapeutic interventions to limit pathogenic Th cell recruitment in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H S Heng
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caleb W Han
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlin Abbott
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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43
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Privacy-preserving federated neural network learning for disease-associated cell classification. PATTERNS 2022; 3:100487. [PMID: 35607628 PMCID: PMC9122966 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Training accurate and robust machine learning models requires a large amount of data that is usually scattered across data silos. Sharing or centralizing the data of different healthcare institutions is, however, unfeasible or prohibitively difficult due to privacy regulations. In this work, we address this problem by using a privacy-preserving federated learning-based approach, PriCell, for complex models such as convolutional neural networks. PriCell relies on multiparty homomorphic encryption and enables the collaborative training of encrypted neural networks with multiple healthcare institutions. We preserve the confidentiality of each institutions’ input data, of any intermediate values, and of the trained model parameters. We efficiently replicate the training of a published state-of-the-art convolutional neural network architecture in a decentralized and privacy-preserving manner. Our solution achieves an accuracy comparable with the one obtained with the centralized non-secure solution. PriCell guarantees patient privacy and ensures data utility for efficient multi-center studies involving complex healthcare data. We enable collaborative and privacy-preserving model training between institutions Training under encryption does not degrade the utility of the data We apply our solution to the single-cell analysis in a federated setting Our method is generalizable to other machine learning tasks in the healthcare domain
High-quality medical machine learning models will benefit greatly from collaboration between health care institutions. Yet, it is usually difficult to transfer data between these institutions due to strict privacy regulations. In this study, we propose a solution, PriCell, that relies on multiparty homomorphic encryption to enable privacy-preserving collaborative machine learning while protecting via encryption the institutions' input data, the model, and any value exchanged between the institutions. We show the maturity of our solution by training a published state-of-the-art convolutional neural network in a decentralized and privacy-preserving manner. We compare the accuracy achieved by PriCell with the centralized and non-secure solutions and show that PriCell guarantees privacy without reducing the utility of the data. The benefits of PriCell constitute an important landmark for real-world applications of collaborative training while preserving privacy.
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44
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Hörner M, Groh J, Klein D, Ilg W, Schöls L, Santos SD, Bergmann A, Klebe S, Cauhape M, Branchu J, El Hachimi KH, Stevanin G, Darios F, Martini R. CNS-associated T-lymphocytes in a mouse model of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia type 11 (SPG11) are therapeutic targets for established immunomodulators. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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45
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Bronge M, Högelin KA, Thomas OG, Ruhrmann S, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Nilsson OB, Kaiser A, Zeitelhofer M, Holmgren E, Linnerbauer M, Adzemovic MZ, Hellström C, Jelcic I, Liu H, Nilsson P, Hillert J, Brundin L, Fink K, Kockum I, Tengvall K, Martin R, Tegel H, Gräslund T, Al Nimer F, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Khademi M, Gafvelin G, Olsson T, Grönlund H. Identification of four novel T cell autoantigens and personal autoreactive profiles in multiple sclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1823. [PMID: 35476434 PMCID: PMC9045615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which pathological T cells, likely autoimmune, play a key role. Despite its central importance, the autoantigen repertoire remains largely uncharacterized. Using a novel in vitro antigen delivery method combined with the Human Protein Atlas library, we screened for T cell autoreactivity against 63 CNS-expressed proteins. We identified four previously unreported autoantigens in MS: fatty acid-binding protein 7, prokineticin-2, reticulon-3, and synaptosomal-associated protein 91, which were verified to induce interferon-γ responses in MS in two cohorts. Autoreactive profiles were heterogeneous, and reactivity to several autoantigens was MS-selective. Autoreactive T cells were predominantly CD4+ and human leukocyte antigen-DR restricted. Mouse immunization induced antigen-specific responses and CNS leukocyte infiltration. This represents one of the largest systematic efforts to date in the search for MS autoantigens, demonstrates the heterogeneity of autoreactive profiles, and highlights promising targets for future diagnostic tools and immunomodulatory therapies in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Bronge
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Asplund Högelin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivia G. Thomas
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Ruhrmann
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Carvalho-Queiroz
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola B. Nilsson
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Holmgren
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z. Adzemovic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Hellström
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ivan Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Division of Affinity Proteomics, Department of Protein Science, SciLifeLab, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Jan Hillert
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lou Brundin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Fink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tengvall
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research Section (NIMS), Neurology Clinic, University of Zürich, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Tegel
- Human Protein Atlas, Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faiez Al Nimer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Ortlieb Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guro Gafvelin
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Grönlund
- Therapeutic Immune Design, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Manivasagam S, Williams JL, Vollmer LL, Bollman B, Bartleson JM, Ai S, Wu GF, Klein RS. Targeting IFN-λ Signaling Promotes Recovery from Central Nervous System Autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1341-1351. [PMID: 35181638 PMCID: PMC9012116 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Type III IFNs (IFNLs) are newly discovered cytokines, acting at epithelial and other barriers, that exert immunomodulatory functions in addition to their primary roles in antiviral defense. In this study, we define a role for IFNLs in maintaining autoreactive T cell effector function and limiting recovery in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Genetic or Ab-based neutralization of the IFNL receptor (IFNLR) resulted in lack of disease maintenance during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, with loss of CNS Th1 effector responses and limited axonal injury. Phenotypic effects of IFNLR signaling were traced to increased APC function, with associated increase in T cell production of IFN-γ and GM-CSF. Consistent with this, IFNL levels within lesions of CNS tissues derived from patients with MS were elevated compared with MS normal-appearing white matter. Furthermore, expression of IFNLR was selectively elevated in MS active lesions compared with inactive lesions or normal-appearing white matter. These findings suggest IFNL signaling as a potential therapeutic target to prevent chronic autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Manivasagam
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Lauren L Vollmer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bryan Bollman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Juliet M Bartleson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shenjian Ai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gregory F Wu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO;
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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47
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Krishnarajah S, Becher B. TH Cells and Cytokines in Encephalitogenic Disorders. Front Immunol 2022; 13:822919. [PMID: 35320935 PMCID: PMC8934849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark of the process we call neuroinflammation. Diseases such as encephalitides or multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterised by the dramatic influx of T lymphocytes and monocytes. The communication between inflammatory infiltrates and CNS resident cells is primarily mediated through cytokines. Over the years, numerous cytokine networks have been assessed to better understand the development of immunopathology in neuroinflammation. In MS for instance, many studies have shown that CD4+ T cells infiltrate the CNS and subsequently lead to immunopathology. Inflammatory CD4+ T cells, such as TH1, TH17, GM-CSF-producing helper T cells are big players in chronic neuroinflammation. Conversely, encephalitogenic or meningeal regulatory T cells (TREGs) and TH2 cells have been shown to drive a decrease in inflammatory functions in microglial cells and thus promote a neuroprotective microenvironment. Recent studies report overlapping as well as differential roles of these cells in tissue inflammation. Taken together, this suggests a more complex relationship between effector T cell subsets in neuroinflammation than has hitherto been established. In this overview, we review the interplay between helper T cell subsets infiltrating the CNS and how they actively contribute to neuroinflammation and degeneration. Importantly, in this context, we will especially focus on the current knowledge regarding the contribution of various helper cell subsets to neuroinflammation by referring to their helper T cell profile in the context of their target cell.
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Twin study probes non-heritable immune aspects of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:188. [PMID: 35241814 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ingelfinger F, Gerdes LA, Kavaka V, Krishnarajah S, Friebel E, Galli E, Zwicky P, Furrer R, Peukert C, Dutertre CA, Eglseer KM, Ginhoux F, Flierl-Hecht A, Kümpfel T, De Feo D, Schreiner B, Mundt S, Kerschensteiner M, Hohlfeld R, Beltrán E, Becher B. Twin study reveals non-heritable immune perturbations in multiple sclerosis. Nature 2022; 603:152-158. [PMID: 35173329 PMCID: PMC8891021 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system underpinned by partially understood genetic risk factors and environmental triggers and their undefined interactions1,2. Here we investigated the peripheral immune signatures of 61 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS to dissect the influence of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Using complementary multimodal high-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell technologies in conjunction with data-driven computational tools, we identified an inflammatory shift in a monocyte cluster of twins with MS, coupled with the emergence of a population of IL-2 hyper-responsive transitional naive helper T cells as MS-related immune alterations. By integrating data on the immune profiles of healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, we estimated the variance in CD25 expression by helper T cells displaying a naive phenotype to be largely driven by genetic and shared early environmental influences. Nonetheless, the expanding helper T cells of twins with MS, which were also elevated in non-twin patients with MS, emerged independent of the individual genetic makeup. These cells expressed central nervous system-homing receptors, exhibited a dysregulated CD25-IL-2 axis, and their proliferative capacity positively correlated with MS severity. Together, our matched-pair analysis of the extended twin approach allowed us to discern genetically and environmentally determined features of an MS-associated immune signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Kavaka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Zwicky
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Furrer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Peukert
- Department of Strategy, Globalization and Society, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Klara Magdalena Eglseer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Flierl-Hecht
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Mundt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Artemisinin derivative TPN10466 suppresses immune cell migration and Th1/Th17 differentiation to ameliorate disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Immunol 2022; 373:104500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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