1
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Cheng YJG, Chen CC, Cheng CJ. Postnatal renal tubule development: roles of tubular flow and flux. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024; 33:518-525. [PMID: 38913022 PMCID: PMC11290981 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postnatal renal tubule development is critical to adult kidney function. Several postnatal changes regulate the differentiation and proliferation of renal tubular cells. Here, we review the literature and our efforts on thick ascending limb (TAL) development in Bartter syndrome (BS). RECENT FINDINGS Glomerular filtrate quickly increases after birth, imposing fluid shear stress and circumferential stretch on immature renal tubules. Recent studies showed that kidney organoids under flow (superfusion) have better development of tubular structures and the expression of cilia and solute transporters. These effects are likely mediated by mechanosensors, such as cilia and the piezo1 channel. Improved renal oxygenation and sodium pump-dependent active transport can stimulate mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. The functional coupling between transport and mitochondria ensures ATP supply for energy-demanding reactions in tubular cells, including cell cycle progression and proliferation. We recently discovered that postnatal renal medulla maturation and TAL elongation are impaired in Clc-k2-deficient BS mice. Primary cultured Clc-k2-deficient TAL cells have G1-S transition and proliferation delay. These developmental defects could be part of the early pathogenesis of BS and worsen the phenotype. SUMMARY Understanding how tubular flow and transepithelial ion fluxes regulate renal tubule development may improve the treatment of congenital renal tubulopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing G. Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A
| | - Chien-Chou Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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2
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Liu Q, Yue L, Deng J, Tan Y, Wu C. Progress and breakthroughs in human kidney organoid research. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101736. [PMID: 38910872 PMCID: PMC11190488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) kidney organoid is a breakthrough model for recapitulating renal morphology and function in vitro, which is grown from stem cells and resembles mammalian kidney organogenesis. Currently, protocols for cultivating this model from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and patient-derived adult stem cells (ASCs) have been widely reported. In recent years, scientists have focused on combining cutting-edge bioengineering and bioinformatics technologies to improve the developmental accuracy of kidney organoids and achieve high-throughput experimentation. As a remarkable tool for mechanistic research of the renal system, kidney organoid has both potential and challenges. In this review, we have described the evolution of kidney organoid establishment methods and highlighted the latest progress leading to a more sophisticated kidney transformation research model. Finally, we have summarized the main applications of renal organoids in exploring kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiu Deng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingxia Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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3
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Dong L, Xie YL, Zhang RT, Hu QY. Models of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Life Sci 2024; 352:122873. [PMID: 38950643 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is one of the most serious life-threatening complications of sepsis. The pathogenesis of S-AKI is complex and there is no effective specific treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to choose suitable preclinical models that are highly similar to human S-AKI to study the pathogenesis and drug treatment. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the development models of S-AKI, providing reference for the reasonable selection of experimental models as basic research and drug development of S-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Tao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong-Ying Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Rizzuti M, Melzi V, Brambilla L, Quetti L, Sali L, Ottoboni L, Meneri M, Ratti A, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Comi GP, Corti S, Abati E. Shaping the Neurovascular Unit Exploiting Human Brain Organoids. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6642-6657. [PMID: 38334812 PMCID: PMC11338975 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids, three-dimensional cell structures derived from pluripotent stem cells, closely mimic key aspects of the human brain in vitro, providing a powerful tool for studying neurodevelopment and disease. The neuroectodermal induction protocol employed for brain organoid generation primarily gives rise to the neural cellular component but lacks the vital vascular system, which is crucial for the brain functions by regulating differentiation, migration, and circuit formation, as well as delivering oxygen and nutrients. Many neurological diseases are caused by dysfunctions of cerebral microcirculation, making vascularization of human brain organoids an important tool for pathogenetic and translational research. Experimentally, the creation of vascularized brain organoids has primarily focused on the fusion of vascular and brain organoids, on organoid transplantation in vivo, and on the use of microfluidic devices to replicate the intricate microenvironment of the human brain in vitro. This review summarizes these efforts and highlights the importance of studying the neurovascular unit in a forward-looking perspective of leveraging their use for understanding and treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Rizzuti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brambilla
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Quetti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sali
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Megi Meneri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Davies JA, Holland I, Gül H. Kidney organoids: steps towards better organization and function. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1861-1871. [PMID: 38934505 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Kidney organoids - 3D representations of kidneys made either from pluripotent or tissue stem cells - have been available for well over a decade. Their application could confer notable benefits over longstanding in vivo approaches with the potential for clinically aligned human cells and reduced ethical burdens. They been used, at a proof-of-concept level, in development in disease modeling (including with patient-derived stem cells), and in screening drugs for efficacy/toxicity. They differ from real kidneys: they represent only foetal-stage tissue, in their simplest forms they lack organ-scale anatomical organization, they lack a properly arranged vascular system, and include non-renal cells. Cell specificity may be improved by better techniques for differentiation and/or sorting. Sequential assembly techniques that mimic the sequence of natural development, and localized sources of differentiation-inducing signals, improve organ-scale anatomy. Organotypic vascularization remains a challenge: capillaries are easy, but the large vessels that should serve them are absent from organoids and, even in cultured real kidneys, these large vessels do not survive without blood flow. Transplantation of organoids into hosts results in their being vascularized (though probably not organotypically) and in some renal function. It will be important to transplant more advanced organoids, with a urine exit, in the near future to assess function more stringently. Transplantation of human foetal kidneys, followed by nephrectomy of host kidneys, keeps rats alive for many weeks, raising hope that, if organoids can be produced even to the limited size and complexity of foetal kidneys, they may one day be useful in renal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Davies
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Ian Holland
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Huseyin Gül
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, U.K
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6
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Mou X, Leeman SM, Roye Y, Miller C, Musah S. Fenestrated Endothelial Cells across Organs: Insights into Kidney Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9107. [PMID: 39201792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the human body, the vascular system plays an indispensable role in maintaining homeostasis by supplying oxygen and nutrients to cells and organs and facilitating the removal of metabolic waste and toxins. Blood vessels-the key constituents of the vascular system-are composed of a layer of endothelial cells on their luminal surface. In most organs, tightly packed endothelial cells serve as a barrier separating blood and lymph from surrounding tissues. Intriguingly, endothelial cells in some tissues and organs (e.g., choroid plexus, liver sinusoids, small intestines, and kidney glomerulus) form transcellular pores called fenestrations that facilitate molecular and ionic transport across the vasculature and mediate immune responses through leukocyte transmigration. However, the development and unique functions of endothelial cell fenestrations across organs are yet to be fully uncovered. This review article provides an overview of fenestrated endothelial cells in multiple organs. We describe their development and organ-specific roles, with expanded discussions on their contributions to glomerular health and disease. We extend these discussions to highlight the dynamic changes in endothelial cell fenestrations in diabetic nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Alport syndrome, and preeclampsia, and how these unique cellular features could be targeted for therapeutic development. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies for in vitro modeling of biological systems, and their relevance for advancing the current understanding of endothelial cell fenestrations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui Mou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sophia M Leeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yasmin Roye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carmen Miller
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Samira Musah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Faculty of the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke Regeneration Center, Duke MEDx Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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7
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Xia Y. Xenotransplantation - a shortcut to construct tissue complexity in organoids. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 88:102243. [PMID: 39142048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge of human biology is mainly originated from studies using animal models. However, interspecies differences between human and model organisms may lead to imprecise extrapolation of results obtained from model organisms. Organoids are three-dimensional cell clusters derived from pluripotent or adult stem cells that self-organize into organ-like structures reminiscent of the cognate organ. The establishment of human organoids makes it possible to study organ or tissue pathophysiology that is specific to human beings. However, most organoids do not have organ-specific vasculature, neurons, and immune cells, hence limiting their utility in emulating complex pathophysiological phenotypes. Among the various approaches to address these limitations, xenotransplantation represents a promising 'shortcut'. We will discuss recent advance in constructing tissue complexity in organoids, with a special focus on xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232
| | - Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232.
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8
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Ibi Y, Nishinakamura R. Generating kidney organoids based on developmental nephrology. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151450. [PMID: 39137450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the induction protocols for the two types of kidney organoids (nephron organoids and ureteric bud organoids) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been established based on the knowledge gained in developmental nephrology. Kidney organoids are now used for disease modeling and drug screening, but they also have potential as tools for clinical transplantation therapy. One of the options to achieve this goal would be to assemble multiple renal progenitor cells (nephron progenitor, ureteric bud, stromal progenitor) to reproduce the organotypic kidney structure from PSCs. At least from mouse PSCs, all the three progenitors have been induced and assembled into such "higher order" kidney organoids. We will provide an overview of the developmental nephrology required for the induction of renal progenitors and discuss recent advances and remaining challenges of kidney organoids for clinical transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Ibi
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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9
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Stepanov I, Gottshall NR, Ahmadianyazdi A, Sinha D, Lockhart EJ, Nguyen TNH, Hassan S, Horowitz LF, Yeung RS, Gujral TS, Folch A. Low-Cost Robotic Manipulation of Live Microtissues for Cancer Drug Testing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586169. [PMID: 38586030 PMCID: PMC10996467 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The scarcity of human biopsies available for drug testing is a paramount challenge for developing new therapeutics, disease models, and personalized treatments. Microtechnologies that combine the microscale manipulation of tissues and fluids offer the exciting possibility of miniaturizing both disease models and drug testing workflows on scarce human biopsies. Unfortunately, these technologies presently require microfluidic devices or robotic dispensers that are not widely accessible. We have rapidly-prototyped an inexpensive platform based on an off-the-shelf robot that can microfluidically manipulate live microtissues into/out of culture plates without using complicated accessories such as microscopes or pneumatic controllers. The robot integrates complex functions with a simple, cost-effective and compact construction, allowing placement inside a tissue culture hood for sterile workflows. We demonstrated a proof-of-concept cancer drug evaluation workflow of potential clinical utility using patient tumor biopsies with multiple drugs on 384-well plates. Our user-friendly, low-cost platform promises to make drug testing of microtissues broadly accessible to pharmaceutical, clinical, and biological laboratories. Teaser A low-cost robot for handling microtissues and catalyzing their use in cancer drug evaluation and personalized oncology.
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10
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Zhao N, Pessell AF, Zhu N, Searson PC. Tissue-Engineered Microvessels: A Review of Current Engineering Strategies and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303419. [PMID: 38686434 PMCID: PMC11338730 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Microvessels, including arterioles, capillaries, and venules, play an important role in regulating blood flow, enabling nutrient and waste exchange, and facilitating immune surveillance. Due to their important roles in maintaining normal function in human tissues, a substantial effort has been devoted to developing tissue-engineered models to study endothelium-related biology and pathology. Various engineering strategies have been developed to recapitulate the structural, cellular, and molecular hallmarks of native human microvessels in vitro. In this review, recent progress in engineering approaches, key components, and culture platforms for tissue-engineered human microvessel models is summarized. Then, tissue-specific models, and the major applications of tissue-engineered microvessels in development, disease modeling, drug screening and delivery, and vascularization in tissue engineering, are reviewed. Finally, future research directions for the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Alexander F Pessell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ninghao Zhu
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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11
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Liu H, Gan Z, Qin X, Wang Y, Qin J. Advances in Microfluidic Technologies in Organoid Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302686. [PMID: 38134345 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexities of their in vivo counterparts. The combination of organoid systems and microfluidic technologies has opened new frontiers in organoid engineering and offers great opportunities to address the current challenges of existing organoid systems and broaden their biomedical applications. In this review, the key features of the existing organoids, including their origins, development, design principles, and limitations, are described. Then the recent progress in integrating organoids into microfluidic systems is highlighted, involving microarrays for high-throughput organoid manipulation, microreactors for organoid hydrogel scaffold fabrication, and microfluidic chips for functional organoid culture. The opportunities in the nascent combination of organoids and microfluidics that lie ahead to accelerate research in organ development, disease studies, drug screening, and regenerative medicine are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the development of advanced microfluidic platforms and modified technologies for building organoids with higher fidelity and standardization are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongqiao Gan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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12
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Wen Z, Orduno M, Liang Z, Gong X, Mak M. Optimization of Vascularized Intestinal Organoid Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400977. [PMID: 39091070 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Vasculature is crucial for maintaining organ homeostasis and metabolism. Although 3D organoids can mimic organ structures and patterns, they still lack vascular systems, limiting the recapitulation of physiological complexities. Although vascularization of organoids has been demonstrated by mixing Matrigel in fibrin, how the mixed gel niche affects endothelial cells (ECs) and organoids remains unclear. Existing protocols rely on fibroblasts to promote vascular network formation. This study explores how varying the ratio of Matrigel in fibrin-Matrigel co-gel affects vascular network formation and intestinal organoid growth. A fine-tuned hydrogel is developed by adding aprotinin and 15% Matrigel in fibrin. Medium for co-culturing ECs and organoids is modified with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and heparin. In combination with fine-tuned hydrogel and modified medium, vascular network formation and organoid vascularization are successfully generated in the absence of fibroblast. Furthermore, structural cues and pore architectures are critical for angiogenesis and vascularization. By incorporating engineered thick collagen fiber bundles into the system, vascular network formation is guided by bundle architectures, enhancing interactions between vascular networks and organoids. The results demonstrate an optimized system that advances tissue and organoid vascularization by combining fiber bundles with fine-tuned hydrogel and modified medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mariabelen Orduno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zixie Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Mehta V, Karnam G, Madgula V. Liver-on-chips for drug discovery and development. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101143. [PMID: 39070097 PMCID: PMC11279310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent FDA modernization act 2.0 has led to increasing industrial R&D investment in advanced in vitro 3D models such as organoids, spheroids, organ-on-chips, 3D bioprinting, and in silico approaches. Liver-related advanced in vitro models remain the prime area of interest, as liver plays a central role in drug clearance of compounds. Growing evidence indicates the importance of recapitulating the overall liver microenvironment to enhance hepatocyte maturity and culture longevity using liver-on-chips (LoC) in vitro. Hence, pharmaceutical industries have started exploring LoC assays in the two of the most challenging areas: accurate in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of hepatic drug clearance and drug-induced liver injury. We examine the joint efforts of commercial chip manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies to present an up-to-date overview of the adoption of LoC technology in the drug discovery. Further, several roadblocks are identified to the rapid adoption of LoC assays in the current drug development framework. Finally, we discuss some of the underexplored application areas of LoC models, where conventional 2D hepatic models are deemed unsuitable. These include clearance prediction of metabolically stable compounds, immune-mediated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) predictions, bioavailability prediction with gut-liver systems, hepatic clearance prediction of drugs given during pregnancy, and dose adjustment studies in disease conditions. We conclude the review by discussing the importance of PBPK modeling with LoC, digital twins, and AI/ML integration with LoC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Mehta
- Organoid Technology Lab, DMPK Department, Sai Life Sciences, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Guruswamy Karnam
- Organoid Technology Lab, DMPK Department, Sai Life Sciences, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Vamsi Madgula
- Organoid Technology Lab, DMPK Department, Sai Life Sciences, Hyderabad, 500078, India
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14
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Kang SY, Kimura M, Shrestha S, Lewis P, Lee S, Cai Y, Joshi P, Acharya P, Liu J, Yang Y, Sanchez JG, Ayyagari S, Alsberg E, Wells JM, Takebe T, Lee MY. A Pillar and Perfusion Plate Platform for Robust Human Organoid Culture and Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302502. [PMID: 37616035 PMCID: PMC10891301 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Human organoids have the potential to revolutionize in vitro disease modeling by providing multicellular architecture and function that are similar to those in vivo. This innovative and evolving technology, however, still suffers from assay throughput and reproducibility to enable high-throughput screening (HTS) of compounds due to cumbersome organoid differentiation processes and difficulty in scale-up and quality control. Using organoids for HTS is further challenged by the lack of easy-to-use fluidic systems that are compatible with relatively large organoids. Here, these challenges are overcome by engineering "microarray three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting" technology and associated pillar and perfusion plates for human organoid culture and analysis. High-precision, high-throughput stem cell printing, and encapsulation techniques are demonstrated on a pillar plate, which is coupled with a complementary deep well plate and a perfusion well plate for static and dynamic organoid culture. Bioprinted cells and spheroids in hydrogels are differentiated into liver and intestine organoids for in situ functional assays. The pillar/perfusion plates are compatible with standard 384-well plates and HTS equipment, and thus may be easily adopted in current drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76205, USA
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sunil Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76205, USA
| | - Phillip Lewis
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sangjoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76205, USA
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Pranav Joshi
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., Dallas, TX, 75234, USA
| | - Prabha Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76205, USA
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76205, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76205, USA
| | - J Guillermo Sanchez
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sriramya Ayyagari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Departments of Orthopedics, Pharmacology, and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76205, USA
- Bioprinting Laboratories Inc., Dallas, TX, 75234, USA
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15
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Shrestha S, Acharya P, Kang SY, Vanga MG, Lekkala VKR, Liu J, Yang Y, Joshi P, Lee MY. Regenerative human liver organoids (HLOs) in a pillar/perfusion plate for hepatotoxicity assays. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.586638. [PMID: 38586058 PMCID: PMC10996672 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.586638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Human liver organoids (HLOs) differentiated from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and adult stem cells (ASCs) can recapitulate the structure and function of human fetal liver tissues, thus being considered as a promising tissue model for liver diseases and predictive compound screening. However, the adoption of HLOs in drug discovery faces several technical challenges, which include the lengthy differentiation process with multiple culture media leading to batch-to-batch variation, short-term maintenance of hepatic functions post-maturation, low assay throughput due to Matrigel dissociation and HLO transfer to a microtiter well plate, and insufficient maturity levels compared to primary hepatocytes. To address these issues, expandable HLOs (Exp-HLOs) derived from human iPSCs were generated by optimizing differentiation protocols, which were rapidly printed on a 144-pillar plate with sidewalls and slits (144PillarPlate) and dynamically cultured for up to 20 days into differentiated HLOs (Diff-HLOs) in a 144-perfusion plate with perfusion wells and reservoirs (144PerfusionPlate) for in situ organoid culture and analysis. The dynamically cultured Diff-HLOs exhibited greater maturity and reproducibility than those cultured statically, especially after a 10-day differentiation period. In addition, Diff-HLOs in the pillar/perfusion plate were tested with acetaminophen and troglitazone for 3 days to assess drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and then incubated in an expansion medium for 10 days to evaluate liver recovery from DILI. The assessment of liver regeneration post-injury is critical to understanding the mechanism of recovery and determining the threshold drug concentration beyond which there will be a sharp decrease in the liver's regenerative capacity. We envision that bioprinted Diff-HLOs in the pillar/perfusion plate could be used for high-throughput screening (HTS) of hepatotoxic compounds due to the short-term differentiation of passage-able Exp-HLOs, stable hepatic function post-maturation, high reproducibility, and high throughput with capability of in situ organoid culture, testing, staining, imaging, and analysis. Graphical abstract The overall process of dynamic liver organoid culture and in situ analysis in the 144PillarPlate/144PerfusionPlate for high-throughput hepatotoxicity assays.
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16
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Lacueva-Aparicio A, Martínez-Gimeno L, Torcal P, Ochoa I, Giménez I. Advanced Kidney Models In Vitro Using the Established Cell Line Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial/Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase1 for Nephrotoxicity Assays. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:446. [PMID: 39056887 PMCID: PMC11275192 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity stands as one of the most limiting effects in the development and validation of new drugs. The kidney, among the organs evaluated in toxicity assessments, has a higher susceptibility, with nephrotoxic potential frequently evading detection until late in clinical trials. Traditional cell culture, which has been widely used for decades, does not recapitulate the structure and complexity of the native tissue, which can affect cell function, and the response to cytotoxins does not resemble what occurs in the kidney. In the current study, we aimed to address these challenges by creating in vitro kidney models that faithfully biomimic the dynamics of the renal proximal tubule, using the well-established RPTEC/TERT1 cell line. For doing so, two models were developed, one recreating tubule-like structures (2.5D model) and the other using microfluidic technology (kidney-on-a-chip). The 2.5D model allowed tubular structures to be generated in the absence of hydrogels, and the kidney-on-a-chip model allowed shear stress to be applied to the cell culture, which is a physiological stimulus in the renal tissue. After characterization of both models, different nephrotoxic compounds such as cisplatin, tacrolimus, and daunorubicin were used to study cell responses after treatment. The developed models in our study could be a valuable tool for pre-clinical nephrotoxic testing of drugs and new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alodia Lacueva-Aparicio
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon Health Science Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (I.G.)
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME Lab), I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Laura Martínez-Gimeno
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon Health Science Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (I.G.)
- Institute for Health Sciences of Aragon (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IISAragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Torcal
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon Health Science Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (I.G.)
- Institute for Health Sciences of Aragon (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IISAragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment Lab (TME Lab), I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IISAragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Giménez
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon Health Science Institute, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain (I.G.)
- Institute for Health Sciences of Aragon (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IISAragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Porter CM, Qian GC, Grindel SH, Hughes AJ. Highly parallel production of designer organoids by mosaic patterning of progenitors. Cell Syst 2024; 15:649-661.e9. [PMID: 38981488 PMCID: PMC11257788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Organoids derived from human stem cells are a promising approach for disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and fundamental research. However, organoid variability and limited control over morphological outcomes remain as challenges. One open question is the extent to which engineering control over culture conditions can guide organoids to specific compositions. Here, we extend a DNA "velcro" cell patterning approach, precisely controlling the number and ratio of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitors contributing to nephron progenitor (NP) organoids and mosaic NP/ureteric bud (UB) tip cell organoids within arrays of microwells. We demonstrate long-term control over organoid size and morphology, decoupled from geometric constraints. We then show emergent trends in organoid tissue proportions that depend on initial progenitor cell composition. These include higher nephron and stromal cell representation in mosaic NP/UB organoids vs. NP-only organoids and a "goldilocks" initial cell ratio in mosaic organoids that optimizes the formation of proximal tubule structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Precision Engineering for Health (CPE4H), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace C Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samuel H Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Precision Engineering for Health (CPE4H), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Precision Engineering for Health (CPE4H), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Ahammed B, Kalangi SK. A Decade of Organoid Research: Progress and Challenges in the Field of Organoid Technology. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30087-30096. [PMID: 39035960 PMCID: PMC11256333 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Organoid technology, revolutionizing biomedical research, offers a transformative approach to studying human developmental biology, disease pathology, and drug discovery. Originating from the pioneering work of Henry Van Peters Wilson in 1907 and evolving through subsequent breakthroughs, organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells or tissue explants that mimic the architecture and function of organs in vitro. With the ability to model various organs such as intestine, liver, brain, kidney, and more, organoids provide unprecedented insights into organ development, disease mechanisms, and drug responses. This review highlights the historical context, generation methods, applications, and challenges of organoid technology. Furthermore, it discusses recent advancements, including strategies to address hypoxia-induced cell death and enhance vascularization within organoids, aiming to refine their physiological relevance and unlock their full potential in personalized medicine and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Ahammed
- West BC Colony,
Guduru, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh 518466, India
| | - Suresh K. Kalangi
- Molecular
Microbiology and Immunology Division, CSIR—Central Drug Research
Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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19
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Kroll KT, Homan KA, Uzel SGM, Mata MM, Wolf KJ, Rubins JE, Lewis JA. A perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid-on-chip model. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045003. [PMID: 38906132 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5ac0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The ability to controllably perfuse kidney organoids would better recapitulate the native tissue microenvironment for applications ranging from drug testing to therapeutic use. Here, we report a perfusable, vascularized kidney organoid on chip model composed of two individually addressable channels embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM). The channels are respectively seeded with kidney organoids and human umbilical vein endothelial cells that form a confluent endothelium (macrovessel). During perfusion, endogenous endothelial cells present within the kidney organoids migrate through the ECM towards the macrovessel, where they form lumen-on-lumen anastomoses that are supported by stromal-like cells. Once micro-macrovessel integration is achieved, we introduced fluorescently labeled dextran of varying molecular weight and red blood cells into the macrovessel, which are transported through the microvascular network to the glomerular epithelia within the kidney organoids. Our approach for achieving controlled organoid perfusion opens new avenues for generating other perfused human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T Kroll
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A Homan
- Complex in vitro Systems, Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sebastien G M Uzel
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mariana M Mata
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kayla J Wolf
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan E Rubins
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Harvard University, Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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20
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Saiki N, Nio Y, Yoneyama Y, Kawamura S, Iwasawa K, Kawakami E, Araki K, Fukumura J, Sakairi T, Kono T, Ohmura R, Koido M, Funata M, Thompson WL, Cruz-Encarnacion P, Chen YW, Takebe T. Self-Organization of Sinusoidal Vessels in Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Human Liver Bud Organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601804. [PMID: 39005378 PMCID: PMC11245015 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The induction of tissue-specific vessels in in vitro living tissue systems remains challenging. Here, we directly differentiated human pluripotent stem cells into CD32b+ putative liver sinusoidal progenitors (iLSEP) by dictating developmental pathways. By devising an inverted multilayered air-liquid interface (IMALI) culture, hepatic endoderm, septum mesenchyme, arterial and sinusoidal quadruple progenitors self-organized to generate and sustain hepatocyte-like cells neighbored by divergent endothelial subsets composed of CD32blowCD31high, LYVE1+STAB1+CD32bhighCD31lowTHBD-vWF-, and LYVE1-THBD+vWF+ cells. Wnt2 mediated sinusoidal-to-hepatic intercellular crosstalk potentiates hepatocyte differentiation and branched endothelial network formation. Intravital imaging revealed iLSEP developed fully patent human vessels with functional sinusoid-like features. Organoid-derived hepatocyte- and sinusoid-derived coagulation factors enabled correction of in vitro clotting time with Factor V, VIII, IX, and XI deficient patients' plasma and rescued the severe bleeding phenotype in hemophilia A mice upon transplantation. Advanced organoid vascularization technology allows for interrogating key insights governing organ-specific vessel development, paving the way for coagulation disorder therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Saiki
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nio
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Kawamura
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition & Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Eri Kawakami
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Araki
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Junko Fukumura
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakairi
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tamaki Kono
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Rio Ohmura
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaru Koido
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Funata
- T-CiRA Discovery, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Wendy L. Thompson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition & Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | | | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Institute for Airway Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Center for Epithelial and Airway Biology and Regeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Organoid Medicine project, T-CiRA joint program, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition & Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- The Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Communication Design Center, Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Huang W, Xu Z, Li S, Zhou J, Zhao B. Living Biobanks of Organoids: Valuable Resource for Translational Research. Biopreserv Biobank 2024. [PMID: 38959173 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of organoids is considered a revolutionary model, changing the landscape of traditional translational research. These three-dimensional miniatures of human organs or tissues, cultivated from stem cells or biospecimens obtained from patients, faithfully replicate the structural and functional characteristics of specific target organs or tissues. In this extensive review, we explore the profound impact of organoids and assess the current state of living organoid biobanks, which are essential repositories for cryopreserving organoids derived from a variety of diseases. These resources hold significant value for translational research. We delve into the diverse origins of organoids, the underlying technologies, and their roles in recapitulating human development, disease modeling, as well as their potential applications in the pharmaceutical field. With a particular emphasis on biobanking organoids for prospective applications, we discuss how these advancements expedite the transition from bench to bedside translational research, thereby fostering personalized medicine and enriching our comprehension of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Zhaoting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, Republic of China
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22
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Musah S, Bhattacharya R, Himmelfarb J. Kidney Disease Modeling with Organoids and Organs-on-Chips. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:383-414. [PMID: 38424088 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-072623-044010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Kidney disease is a global health crisis affecting more than 850 million people worldwide. In the United States, annual Medicare expenditures for kidney disease and organ failure exceed $81 billion. Efforts to develop targeted therapeutics are limited by a poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human kidney disease onset and progression. Additionally, 90% of drug candidates fail in human clinical trials, often due to toxicity and efficacy not accurately predicted in animal models. The advent of ex vivo kidney models, such as those engineered from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and organ-on-a-chip (organ-chip) systems, has garnered considerable interest owing to their ability to more accurately model tissue development and patient-specific responses and drug toxicity. This review describes recent advances in developing kidney organoids and organ-chips by harnessing iPS cell biology to model human-specific kidney functions and disease states. We also discuss challenges that must be overcome to realize the potential of organoids and organ-chips as dynamic and functional conduits of the human kidney. Achieving these technological advances could revolutionize personalized medicine applications and therapeutic discovery for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Musah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rohan Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, and Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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23
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Xu C, Alameri A, Leong W, Johnson E, Chen Z, Xu B, Leong KW. Multiscale engineering of brain organoids for disease modeling. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115344. [PMID: 38810702 PMCID: PMC11265575 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids hold great potential for modeling human brain development and pathogenesis. They recapitulate certain aspects of the transcriptional trajectory, cellular diversity, tissue architecture and functions of the developing brain. In this review, we explore the engineering strategies to control the molecular-, cellular- and tissue-level inputs to achieve high-fidelity brain organoids. We review the application of brain organoids in neural disorder modeling and emerging bioengineering methods to improve data collection and feature extraction at multiscale. The integration of multiscale engineering strategies and analytical methods has significant potential to advance insight into neurological disorders and accelerate drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alia Alameri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wei Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emily Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zaozao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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24
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Bae SJ, Choi SH, Im DJ. 3D Cell Culture Method in Channel-Free Water-in-Oil Droplets. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301145. [PMID: 38239079 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
A new channel-free water-in-oil (WO) droplet 3D cell culture method is proposed to address the challenges while maintaining the advantages of the conventional 3D cell culture methods. The proposed WO method can fundamentally solve the constraint of spheroids size, a common challenge in conventional 3D culture, by using droplet size controllability. The 3D cell culture performance of the WO method is verified by comparing it with the conventional 3D cell culture methods. A systematic investigation of the culture conditions of the WO method confirms the working range of cell concentration and droplet size, as well as the scalability of spheroid size. Adjusting droplet size and cell concentration enables rapid spheroid formation with large and high cell concentration droplets or fast spheroid growth with small and low cell concentration droplets, providing control over the spheroid size and growth rate according to the purpose. Furthermore, long-term culture is demonstrated for 1 month with the proposed method, showing the largest spheroid culture and demonstrating the possibility that this method can be used not only for spheroid formation but also for organoid studies. Finally, if a WO-based automated 3D cell culture system is developed, it will be a useful tool for organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Seung Hui Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
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25
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Olijnik AA, Rodriguez-Romera A, Wong ZC, Shen Y, Reyat JS, Jooss NJ, Rayes J, Psaila B, Khan AO. Generating human bone marrow organoids for disease modeling and drug discovery. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:2117-2146. [PMID: 38532070 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The bone marrow supports and regulates hematopoiesis, responding to physiological requirements for blood cell production over ontogeny and during pathological challenges. Interactions between hematopoietic cells and niche components are challenging to study mechanistically in the human context, but are important to delineate in order to explore the pathobiology of blood and bone marrow disorders. Organoids are proving transformative in many research settings, but an accurate human bone marrow model incorporating multiple hematopoietic and stromal elements has been lacking. This protocol describes a method to generate three-dimensional, multilineage bone marrow organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), detailing the steps for the directed differentiation of hiPSCs using a series of cytokine cocktails and hydrogel embedding. Over 18 days of differentiation, hiPSCs yield the key lineages that are present in central myelopoietic bone marrow, organized in a well-vascularized architecture that resembles native hematopoietic tissues. This presents a robust, in vitro system that can model healthy and perturbed hematopoiesis in a scalable three-dimensional microenvironment. Bone marrow organoids also support the growth of immortalized cell lines and primary cells from healthy donors and patients with myeloid and lymphoid cancers, including cell types that are poorly viable in standard culture systems. Moreover, we discuss assays for the characterization of organoids, including interrogation of pathogenic remodeling using recombinant TGF-ß treatment, and methods for organoid engraftment with exogenous cells. This protocol can be readily adapted to specific experimental requirements, can be easily implemented by users with tissue culture experience and does not require access to specialist equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude-Anais Olijnik
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Romera
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoë C Wong
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuqi Shen
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jasmeet S Reyat
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie J Jooss
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bethan Psaila
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Abdullah O Khan
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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26
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Maggiore JC, LeGraw R, Przepiorski A, Velazquez J, Chaney C, Vanichapol T, Streeter E, Almuallim Z, Oda A, Chiba T, Silva-Barbosa A, Franks J, Hislop J, Hill A, Wu H, Pfister K, Howden SE, Watkins SC, Little MH, Humphreys BD, Kiani S, Watson A, Stolz DB, Davidson AJ, Carroll T, Cleaver O, Sims-Lucas S, Ebrahimkhani MR, Hukriede NA. A genetically inducible endothelial niche enables vascularization of human kidney organoids with multilineage maturation and emergence of renin expressing cells. Kidney Int 2024:S0085-2538(24)00407-1. [PMID: 38901605 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Vascularization plays a critical role in organ maturation and cell-type development. Drug discovery, organ mimicry, and ultimately transplantation hinge on achieving robust vascularization of in vitro engineered organs. Here, focusing on human kidney organoids, we overcame this hurdle by combining a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line containing an inducible ETS translocation variant 2 (ETV2) (a transcription factor playing a role in endothelial cell development) that directs endothelial differentiation in vitro, with a non-transgenic iPSC line in suspension organoid culture. The resulting human kidney organoids show extensive endothelialization with a cellular identity most closely related to human kidney endothelia. Endothelialized kidney organoids also show increased maturation of nephron structures, an associated fenestrated endothelium with de novo formation of glomerular and venous subtypes, and the emergence of drug-responsive renin expressing cells. The creation of an engineered vascular niche capable of improving kidney organoid maturation and cell type complexity is a significant step forward in the path to clinical translation. Thus, incorporation of an engineered endothelial niche into a previously published kidney organoid protocol allowed the orthogonal differentiation of endothelial and parenchymal cell types, demonstrating the potential for applicability to other basic and translational organoid studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Maggiore
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Integrative Organ Systems, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan LeGraw
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aneta Przepiorski
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy Velazquez
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Chaney
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thitinee Vanichapol
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Evan Streeter
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Integrative Organ Systems, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zainab Almuallim
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Integrative Organ Systems, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akira Oda
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takuto Chiba
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne Silva-Barbosa
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Franks
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua Hislop
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex Hill
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine Pfister
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samira Kiani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan J Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tom Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Integrative Organ Systems, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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27
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Nwokoye PN, Abilez OJ. Bioengineering methods for vascularizing organoids. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100779. [PMID: 38759654 PMCID: PMC11228284 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Organoids, self-organizing three-dimensional (3D) structures derived from stem cells, offer unique advantages for studying organ development, modeling diseases, and screening potential therapeutics. However, their translational potential and ability to mimic complex in vivo functions are often hindered by the lack of an integrated vascular network. To address this critical limitation, bioengineering strategies are rapidly advancing to enable efficient vascularization of organoids. These methods encompass co-culturing organoids with various vascular cell types, co-culturing lineage-specific organoids with vascular organoids, co-differentiating stem cells into organ-specific and vascular lineages, using organoid-on-a-chip technology to integrate perfusable vasculature within organoids, and using 3D bioprinting to also create perfusable organoids. This review explores the field of organoid vascularization, examining the biological principles that inform bioengineering approaches. Additionally, this review envisions how the converging disciplines of stem cell biology, biomaterials, and advanced fabrication technologies will propel the creation of increasingly sophisticated organoid models, ultimately accelerating biomedical discoveries and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Nwokoye
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Pediatric CT Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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28
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Nwokoye PN, Abilez OJ. Blood vessels in a dish: the evolution, challenges, and potential of vascularized tissues and organoids. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1336910. [PMID: 38938652 PMCID: PMC11210405 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1336910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular pathologies are prevalent in a broad spectrum of diseases, necessitating a deeper understanding of vascular biology, particularly in overcoming the oxygen and nutrient diffusion limit in tissue constructs. The evolution of vascularized tissues signifies a convergence of multiple scientific disciplines, encompassing the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into vascular cells, the development of advanced three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques, and the refinement of bioinks. These technologies are instrumental in creating intricate vascular networks essential for tissue viability, especially in thick, complex constructs. This review provides broad perspectives on the past, current state, and advancements in key areas, including the differentiation of hPSCs into specific vascular lineages, the potential and challenges of 3D bioprinting methods, and the role of innovative bioinks mimicking the native extracellular matrix. We also explore the integration of biophysical cues in vascularized tissues in vitro, highlighting their importance in stimulating vessel maturation and functionality. In this review, we aim to synthesize these diverse yet interconnected domains, offering a broad, multidisciplinary perspective on tissue vascularization. Advancements in this field will help address the global organ shortage and transform patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Nwokoye
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Oscar J. Abilez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Pediatric CT Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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29
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Chen Q, Sun X, Li Y, Yang X, Yang X, Xu H, Cai H, Hu J. The potential of organoids in renal cell carcinoma research. BMC Urol 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38858665 PMCID: PMC11165752 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma, a leading cause of death in urological malignancies, arises from the nephron. Its characteristics include diversity in disease biology, varied clinical behaviors, different prognoses, and diverse responses to systemic therapies. The term 'organoids' is used to describe structures resembling tissues created through the three-dimensional cultivation of stem cells in vitro. These organoids, when derived from tumor tissues, can retain the diversity of the primary tumor, mirror its spatial tissue structure, and replicate similar organ-like functions. In contrast to conventional two-dimensional cell cultures and the transplantation of tumor tissues into other organisms, organoids derived from tumors maintain the complexity and microenvironment of the original tumor tissue. This fidelity makes them a more reliable model for the development of cancer drugs, potentially accelerating the translation of these drugs to clinical use and facilitating personalized treatment options for patients. This review aims to summarize the recent advancements in the use of organoids for studying renal cell carcinoma, focusing on their cultivation, potential applications, and inherent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yubei Li
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejian Yang
- Department of Urology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.
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30
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Lim J, Fang HW, Bupphathong S, Sung PC, Yeh CE, Huang W, Lin CH. The Edifice of Vasculature-On-Chips: A Focused Review on the Key Elements and Assembly of Angiogenesis Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3548-3567. [PMID: 38712543 PMCID: PMC11167599 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The conception of vascularized organ-on-a-chip models provides researchers with the ability to supply controlled biological and physical cues that simulate the in vivo dynamic microphysiological environment of native blood vessels. The intention of this niche research area is to improve our understanding of the role of the vasculature in health or disease progression in vitro by allowing researchers to monitor angiogenic responses and cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions in real time. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the essential elements, including cells, biomaterials, microenvironmental factors, microfluidic chip design, and standard validation procedures that currently govern angiogenesis-on-a-chip assemblies. In addition, we emphasize the importance of incorporating a microvasculature component into organ-on-chip devices in critical biomedical research areas, such as tissue engineering, drug discovery, and disease modeling. Ultimately, advances in this area of research could provide innovative solutions and a personalized approach to ongoing medical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lim
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical
Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Wei Fang
- High-value
Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Sasinan Bupphathong
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical
Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- High-value
Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chan Sung
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chen-En Yeh
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei Huang
- Department
of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental
Medicine, Newark, New Jersey 07103, United States
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Graduate
Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical
Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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31
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López-García I, Oh S, Chaney C, Tsunezumi J, Drummond I, Oxburgh L, Carroll T, Marciano DK. Epithelial tubule interconnection driven by HGF-Met signaling in the kidney. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.597185. [PMID: 38895378 PMCID: PMC11185679 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.597185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The formation of functional epithelial tubules is a central feature of many organ systems. Although the process of tubule formation by epithelial cells is well-studied, the way in which tubules connect with each other (i.e. anastomose) to form functional networks both in vivo and in vitro is not well understood. A key, unanswered question in the kidney is how the renal vesicles of the embryonic kidney connect with the nascent collecting ducts to form a continuous urinary system. We performed a ligand-receptor pair analysis on single cell RNA-seq data from embryonic mouse kidney tubules undergoing anastomosis to select candidates that might mediate this process in vivo. This analysis identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which has known roles in cell proliferation, migration, and tubulogenesis, as one of several possible candidates. To test this possibility, we designed a novel assay to quantitatively examine epithelial tubule anastomosis in vitro using epithelial spheroids with fluorescently-tagged apical surfaces to enable direct visualization of anastomosis. This revealed that HGF is a potent inducer of tubule anastomosis. Tubule anastomosis occurs through a proliferation-independent mechanism that acts through the MAPK signaling cascade and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the latter suggestive of a role in extracellular matrix turnover. Accordingly, treatment of explanted embryonic mouse kidneys with HGF and collagenase was sufficient to induce kidney tubule anastomosis. These results lay the groundwork for investigating how to promote functional interconnections between tubular epithelia, which have important clinical implications for utilizing in vitro grown kidney tissue in transplant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel López-García
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Sunhee Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Chris Chaney
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Jun Tsunezumi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Iain Drummond
- Mount Dessert Island Biological Laboratory, Maine, USA
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Kidney Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Rogosin Institute, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Denise K. Marciano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
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32
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Mazari-Arrighi E, Lépine M, Ayollo D, Faivre L, Larghero J, Chatelain F, Fuchs A. Self-Organization of Long-Lasting Human Endothelial Capillary-Like Networks Guided by DLP Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302830. [PMID: 38366136 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering holds great promise for regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and as an alternative to animal models. However, as soon as the dimensions of engineered tissue exceed the diffusion limit of oxygen and nutriments, a necrotic core forms leading to irreversible damage. To overcome this constraint, the establishment of a functional perfusion network is essential. In this work, digital light processing bioprinting is used to encapsulate endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in 3D light-cured hydrogel scaffolds to guide them toward vascular network formation. In these scaffolds, EPCs proliferate and self-organize within a few days into branched tubular structures with predefined geometry, forming capillary-like vascular tubes or trees of diameters in the range of 10 to 100 µm. Presenting a confluent monolayer wall of cells strongly connect by tight junctions around a central lumen-like space, these structures can be microinjected with a fluorescent dye and are stable for several weeks in vitro. These endothelial structures can be recovered and manipulated in an alginate patch without altering their shape or viability. This approach opens new opportunities for future applications, such as stacking with other cell sheets or multicellular constructs to yield bioengineered tissue with higher complexity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Mazari-Arrighi
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Matthieu Lépine
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Dmitry Ayollo
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Lionel Faivre
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Vellefaux, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - François Chatelain
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- CEA, IRIG, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Alexandra Fuchs
- Université de Paris, U976 HIPI, Inserm, Paris, F-75006, France
- CEA, IRIG, Grenoble, F-38000, France
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33
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Haydak J, Azeloglu EU. Role of biophysics and mechanobiology in podocyte physiology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:371-385. [PMID: 38443711 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Podocytes form the backbone of the glomerular filtration barrier and are exposed to various mechanical forces throughout the lifetime of an individual. The highly dynamic biomechanical environment of the glomerular capillaries greatly influences the cell biology of podocytes and their pathophysiology. Throughout the past two decades, a holistic picture of podocyte cell biology has emerged, highlighting mechanobiological signalling pathways, cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular adhesion as key determinants of biomechanical resilience in podocytes. This biomechanical resilience is essential for the physiological function of podocytes, including the formation and maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocytes integrate diverse biomechanical stimuli from their environment and adapt their biophysical properties accordingly. However, perturbations in biomechanical cues or the underlying podocyte mechanobiology can lead to glomerular dysfunction with severe clinical consequences, including proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. As our mechanistic understanding of podocyte mechanobiology and its role in the pathogenesis of glomerular disease increases, new targets for podocyte-specific therapeutics will emerge. Treating glomerular diseases by targeting podocyte mechanobiology might improve therapeutic precision and efficacy, with potential to reduce the burden of chronic kidney disease on individuals and health-care systems alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Haydak
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evren U Azeloglu
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Koh H, Kang W, Mao YY, Park J, Kim S, Hong SH, Lee JH. Employment of diverse in vitro systems for analyzing multiple aspects of disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Cell Biosci 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 38778363 PMCID: PMC11110195 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro disease modeling enables translational research by providing insight into disease pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms, leading to the development of novel therapeutics. Nevertheless, in vitro systems have limitations for recapitulating the complexity of tissues, and a single model system is insufficient to gain a comprehensive understanding of a disease. RESULTS Here we explored the potential of using several models in combination to provide mechanistic insight into hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a genetic vascular disorder. Genome editing was performed to establish hPSCs (H9) with ENG haploinsufficiency and several in vitro models were used to recapitulate the functional aspects of the cells that constitute blood vessels. In a 2D culture system, endothelial cells showed early senescence, reduced viability, and heightened susceptibility to apoptotic insults, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibited similar behavior to their wild-type counterparts. Features of HHT were evident in 3D blood-vessel organoid systems, including thickening of capillary structures, decreased interaction between ECs and surrounding SMCs, and reduced cell viability. Features of ENG haploinsufficiency were observed in arterial and venous EC subtypes, with arterial ECs showing significant impairments. Molecular biological approaches confirmed the significant downregulation of Notch signaling in HHT-ECs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we demonstrated refined research strategies to enhance our comprehension of HHT, providing valuable insights for pathogenic analysis and the exploration of innovative therapeutic interventions. Additionally, these results underscore the importance of employing diverse in vitro systems to assess multiple aspects of disease, which is challenging using a single in vitro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyebin Koh
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojoo Kang
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Ying Mao
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
- KW-Bio Co., Ltd, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Hee Lee
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Carvalho DJ, Kip AM, Tegel A, Stich M, Krause C, Romitti M, Branca C, Verhoeven B, Costagliola S, Moroni L, Giselbrecht S. A Modular Microfluidic Organoid Platform Using LEGO-Like Bricks. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303444. [PMID: 38247306 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The convergence of organoid and organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technologies is urgently needed to overcome limitations of current 3D in vitro models. However, integrating organoids in standard OoCs faces several technical challenges, as it is typically laborious, lacks flexibility, and often results in even more complex and less-efficient cell culture protocols. Therefore, specifically adapted and more flexible microfluidic platforms need to be developed to facilitate the incorporation of complex 3D in vitro models. Here, a modular, tubeless fluidic circuit board (FCB) coupled with reversibly sealed cell culture bricks for dynamic culture of embryonic stem cell-derived thyroid follicles is developed. The FCB is fabricated by milling channels in a polycarbonate (PC) plate followed by thermal bonding against another PC plate. LEGO-like fluidic interconnectors allow plug-and-play connection between a variety of cell culture bricks and the FCB. Lock-and-play clamps are integrated in the organoid brick to enable easy (un)loading of organoids. A multiplexed perfusion experiment is conducted with six FCBs, where thyroid organoids are transferred on-chip within minutes and cultured up to 10 d without losing their structure and functionality, thus validating this system as a flexible, easy-to-use platform, capable of synergistically combining organoids with advanced microfluidic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Carvalho
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Kip
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Tegel
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stich
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Krause
- PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Am Biopark 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mírian Romitti
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, Anderlecht, 1070, Belgium
| | - Carlotta Branca
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Verhoeven
- IDEE Instrument Development Engineering and Evaluation - Research Engineering, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Molecular Human Biology (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, Anderlecht, 1070, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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Strobel HA, Moss SM, Hoying JB. Isolated Fragments of Intact Microvessels: Tissue Vascularization, Modeling, and Therapeutics. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12852. [PMID: 38619428 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The microvasculature is integral to nearly every tissue in the body, providing not only perfusion to and from the tissue, but also homing sites for immune cells, cellular niches for tissue dynamics, and cooperative interactions with other tissue elements. As a microtissue itself, the microvasculature is a composite of multiple cell types exquisitely organized into structures (individual vessel segments and extensive vessel networks) capable of considerable dynamics and plasticity. Consequently, it has been challenging to include a functional microvasculature in assembled or fabricated tissues. Isolated fragments of intact microvessels, which retain the cellular composition and structures of native microvessels, are proving effective in a variety of vascularization applications including tissue in vitro disease modeling, vascular biology, mechanistic discovery, and tissue prevascularization in regenerative therapeutics and grafting. In this review, we will discuss the importance of recapitulating native tissue biology and the successful vascularization applications of isolated microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M Moss
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, USA
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37
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Yu T, Yang Q, Peng B, Gu Z, Zhu D. Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip: design, imaging, and analysis. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:147-172. [PMID: 38409567 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Vascularized organoid-on-a-chip (VOoC) models achieve substance exchange in deep layers of organoids and provide a more physiologically relevant system in vitro. Common designs for VOoC primarily involve two categories: self-assembly of endothelial cells (ECs) to form microvessels and pre-patterned vessel lumens, both of which include the hydrogel region for EC growth and allow for controlled fluid perfusion on the chip. Characterizing the vasculature of VOoC often relies on high-resolution microscopic imaging. However, the high scattering of turbid tissues can limit optical imaging depth. To overcome this limitation, tissue optical clearing (TOC) techniques have emerged, allowing for 3D visualization of VOoC in conjunction with optical imaging techniques. The acquisition of large-scale imaging data, coupled with high-resolution imaging in whole-mount preparations, necessitates the development of highly efficient analysis methods. In this review, we provide an overview of the chip designs and culturing strategies employed for VOoC, as well as the applicable optical imaging and TOC methods. Furthermore, we summarize the vascular analysis techniques employed in VOoC, including deep learning. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in VOoC and vascular analysis methods and provide an outlook for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Qihang Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710072, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Southeast University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics - MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics - Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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38
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Park S, Cho SW. Bioengineering toolkits for potentiating organoid therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115238. [PMID: 38447933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional, multicellular constructs that recapitulate the structural and functional features of specific organs. Because of these characteristics, organoids have been widely applied in biomedical research in recent decades. Remarkable advancements in organoid technology have positioned them as promising candidates for regenerative medicine. However, current organoids still have limitations, such as the absence of internal vasculature, limited functionality, and a small size that is not commensurate with that of actual organs. These limitations hinder their survival and regenerative effects after transplantation. Another significant concern is the reliance on mouse tumor-derived matrix in organoid culture, which is unsuitable for clinical translation due to its tumor origin and safety issues. Therefore, our aim is to describe engineering strategies and alternative biocompatible materials that can facilitate the practical applications of organoids in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we highlight meaningful progress in organoid transplantation, with a particular emphasis on the functional restoration of various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Żuchowska A, Baranowska P, Flont M, Brzózka Z, Jastrzębska E. Review: 3D cell models for organ-on-a-chip applications. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1301:342413. [PMID: 38553129 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cultures do not fully reflect the human organs' physiology and the real effectiveness of the used therapy. Therefore, three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly used in bioanalytical science. Organ-on-a-chip systems are used to obtain cellular in vitro models, better reflecting the human body's in vivo characteristics and allowing us to obtain more reliable results than standard preclinical models. Such 3D models can be used to understand the behavior of tissues/organs in response to selected biophysical and biochemical factors, pathological conditions (the mechanisms of their formation), drug screening, or inter-organ interactions. This review characterizes 3D models obtained in microfluidic systems. These include spheroids/aggregates, hydrogel cultures, multilayers, organoids, or cultures on biomaterials. Next, the methods of formation of different 3D cultures in Organ-on-a-chip systems are presented, and examples of such Organ-on-a-chip systems are discussed. Finally, current applications of 3D cell-on-a-chip systems and future perspectives are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Żuchowska
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Baranowska
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Flont
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Brzózka
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jastrzębska
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
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40
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Lee J, Jung S, Hong HK, Jo H, Rhee S, Jeong YL, Ko J, Cho YB, Jeon NL. Vascularized tissue on mesh-assisted platform (VT-MAP): a novel approach for diverse organoid size culture and tailored cancer drug response analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2208-2223. [PMID: 38533822 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the vascularized tissue on mesh-assisted platform (VT-MAP), a novel microfluidic in vitro model that uses an open microfluidic principle for cultivating vascularized organoids. Addressing the gap in 3D high-throughput platforms for drug response analysis, the VT-MAP can host tumor clusters of various sizes, allowing for precise, size-dependent drug interaction assessments. Key features include capability for forming versatile co-culture conditions (EC, fibroblasts and colon cancer organoids) that enhance tumor organoid viability and a perfusable vessel network that ensures efficient drug delivery and maintenance of organoid health. The VT-MAP enables the culture and analysis of organoids across a diverse size spectrum, from tens of microns to several millimeters. The VT-MAP addresses the inconsistencies in traditional organoid testing related to organoid size, which significantly impacts drug response and viability. Its ability to handle various organoid sizes leads to results that more accurately reflect patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and differ markedly from traditional in vitro well plate-based methods. We introduce a novel image analysis algorithm that allows for quantitative analysis of organoid size-dependent drug responses, marking a significant step forward in replicating PDX models. The PDX sample from a positive responder exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability across all organoid sizes when exposed to chemotherapeutic agents (5-FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan), as expected for cytotoxic drugs. In sharp contrast, PDX samples of a negative responder showed little to no change in viability in smaller clusters and only a slight reduction in larger clusters. This differential response, accurately replicated in the VT-MAP, underscores its ability to generate data that align with PDX models and in vivo findings. Its capacity to handle various organoid sizes leads to results that more accurately reflect PDX models and differ markedly from traditional in vitro methods. The platform's distinct advantage lies in demonstrating how organoid size can critically influence drug response, revealing insights into cancer biology previously unattainable with conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungseub Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangmin Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Kyoung Hong
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsu Jo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stephen Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye-Lin Jeong
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Beom Cho
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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41
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Jin H, Xue Z, Liu J, Ma B, Yang J, Lei L. Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0016. [PMID: 38628309 PMCID: PMC11018530 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models and in drug discovery and screening. Indeed, several studies have shown that organoids are an important strategy for achieving tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, organoids have high clinical relevance. However, conventional approaches have limited the application of organoids in clinical regenerative medicine. Engineered organoids might have the capacity to overcome these challenges. Bioengineering-a multidisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biomedicine-has bridged the gap between engineering and medicine to promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering principles have been applied to organoids to accelerate their clinical translation. In this review, beginning with the basic concepts of organoids, we describe strategies for cultivating engineered organoids and discuss the multiple engineering modes to create conditions for breakthroughs in organoid research. Subsequently, studies on the application of engineered organoids in biofunction reconstruction and tissue repair are presented. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges hindering the utilization of engineered organoids in clinical applications. Future research will focus on cultivating engineered organoids using advanced bioengineering tools for personalized tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zengqi Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Jinnv Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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42
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Zhan Y, Jiang W, Liu Z, Wang Z, Guo K, Sun J. Utilizing bioprinting to engineer spatially organized tissues from the bottom-up. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:101. [PMID: 38589956 PMCID: PMC11003108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the growing demand for organ substitutes, tissue engineering has evolved significantly. However, it is still challenging to create functional tissues and organs. Tissue engineering from the 'bottom-up' is promising on solving this problem due to its ability to construct tissues with physiological complexity. The workflow of this strategy involves two key steps: the creation of building blocks, and the subsequent assembly. There are many techniques developed for the two pivotal steps. Notably, bioprinting is versatile among these techniques and has been widely used in research. With its high level of automation, bioprinting has great capacity in engineering tissues with precision and holds promise to construct multi-material tissues. In this review, we summarize the techniques applied in fabrication and assembly of building blocks. We elaborate mechanisms and applications of bioprinting, particularly in the 'bottom-up' strategy. We state our perspectives on future trends of bottom-up tissue engineering, hoping to provide useful reference for researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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43
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Nerger BA, Sinha S, Lee NN, Cheriyan M, Bertsch P, Johnson CP, Mahadevan L, Bonventre JV, Mooney DJ. 3D Hydrogel Encapsulation Regulates Nephrogenesis in Kidney Organoids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308325. [PMID: 38180232 PMCID: PMC10994733 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived kidney organoids contain nephron segments that recapitulate morphological and functional aspects of the human kidney. However, directed differentiation protocols for kidney organoids are largely conducted using biochemical signals to control differentiation. Here, the hypothesis that mechanical signals regulate nephrogenesis is investigated in 3D culture by encapsulating kidney organoids within viscoelastic alginate hydrogels with varying rates of stress relaxation. Tubular nephron segments are significantly more convoluted in kidney organoids differentiated in encapsulating hydrogels when compared with those in suspension culture. Hydrogel viscoelasticity regulates the spatial distribution of nephron segments within the differentiating kidney organoids. Consistent with these observations, a particle-based computational model predicts that the extent of deformation of the hydrogel-organoid interface regulates the morphology of nephron segments. Elevated extracellular calcium levels in the culture medium, which can be impacted by the hydrogels, decrease the glomerulus-to-tubule ratio of nephron segments. These findings reveal that hydrogel encapsulation regulates nephron patterning and morphology and suggest that the mechanical microenvironment is an important design variable for kidney regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Nerger
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sumit Sinha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathan N. Lee
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Cheriyan
- Harvard College, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pascal Bertsch
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christopher P. Johnson
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - L. Mahadevan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J. Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Dilmen E, Orhon I, Jansen J, Hoenderop JGJ. Advancements in kidney organoids and tubuloids to study (dys)function. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:299-311. [PMID: 37865608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of kidney diseases urges the need for novel therapies. Kidney organoids and tubuloids are advanced in vitro models and have recently been described as promising tools to study kidney (patho)physiology. Recent developments have shown their application in disease modeling, drug screening, and nephrotoxicity. These applications rely on their ability to mimic (dys)function in vitro including endocrine activity and drug, electrolyte, and water transport. This review provides an overview of these emerging kidney models and focuses on the most recent developments that utilize their functional capabilities. In addition, we cover current limitations and provide future perspectives for this rapidly evolving field, including what these functional properties mean for translational and personalized medicine now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dilmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Orhon
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - J G J Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Ko J, Hyung S, Cheong S, Chung Y, Li Jeon N. Revealing the clinical potential of high-resolution organoids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115202. [PMID: 38336091 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The symbiotic interplay of organoid technology and advanced imaging strategies yields innovative breakthroughs in research and clinical applications. Organoids, intricate three-dimensional cell cultures derived from pluripotent or adult stem/progenitor cells, have emerged as potent tools for in vitro modeling, reflecting in vivo organs and advancing our grasp of tissue physiology and disease. Concurrently, advanced imaging technologies such as confocal, light-sheet, and two-photon microscopy ignite fresh explorations, uncovering rich organoid information. Combined with advanced imaging technologies and the power of artificial intelligence, organoids provide new insights that bridge experimental models and real-world clinical scenarios. This review explores exemplary research that embodies this technological synergy and how organoids reshape personalized medicine and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Hyung
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Cheong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Chung
- Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Qureator, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
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Xu J, Yu B, Wang F, Yang J. Xenograft and organoid models in developing precision medicine for gastric cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:41. [PMID: 38390969 PMCID: PMC10919760 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), a highly heterogeneous disease, has diverse histological and molecular subtypes. For precision medicine, well‑characterized models encompassing the full spectrum of subtypes are necessary. Patient‑derived tumor xenografts and organoids serve as important preclinical models in GC research. The main advantage of these models is the retention of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity present in parental tumor tissues. Utilizing diverse sequencing techniques and preclinical models for GC research facilitates accuracy in predicting personalized clinical responses to anti‑cancer treatments. The present review summarizes the latest advances of these two preclinical models in GC treatment and drug response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Bixin Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Mei J, Liu X, Tian H, Chen Y, Cao Y, Zeng J, Liu Y, Chen Y, Gao Y, Yin J, Wang P. Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient-derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1656. [PMID: 38664597 PMCID: PMC11045561 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoid technology is an emerging and rapidly growing field that shows promise in studying organ development and screening therapeutic regimens. Although organoids have been proposed for a decade, concerns exist, including batch-to-batch variations, lack of the native microenvironment and clinical applicability. MAIN BODY The concept of organoids has derived patient-derived tumour organoids (PDTOs) for personalized drug screening and new drug discovery, mitigating the risks of medication misuse. The greater the similarity between the PDTOs and the primary tumours, the more influential the model will be. Recently, 'tumour assembloids' inspired by cell-coculture technology have attracted attention to complement the current PDTO technology. High-quality PDTOs must reassemble critical components, including multiple cell types, tumour matrix, paracrine factors, angiogenesis and microorganisms. This review begins with a brief overview of the history of organoids and PDTOs, followed by the current approaches for generating PDTOs and tumour assembloids. Personalized drug screening has been practised; however, it remains unclear whether PDTOs can predict immunotherapies, including immune drugs (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immune cells (e.g. tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte, T cell receptor-engineered T cell and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell). PDTOs, as cancer avatars of the patients, can be expanded and stored to form a biobank. CONCLUSION Fundamental research and clinical trials are ongoing, and the intention is to use these models to replace animals. Pre-clinical immunotherapy screening using PDTOs will be beneficial to cancer patients. KEY POINTS The current PDTO models have not yet constructed key cellular and non-cellular components. PDTOs should be expandable and editable. PDTOs are promising preclinical models for immunotherapy unless mature PDTOs can be established. PDTO biobanks with consensual standards are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of PharmacogenomicsMinistry of EducationChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui‐Xiang Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yung‐Chiang Liu
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ji‐Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of PharmacogeneticsCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of PharmacogenomicsMinistry of EducationChangshaPeople's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaPeople's Republic of China
| | - Peng‐Yuan Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of AgingWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Tabibzadeh N, Morizane R. Advancements in therapeutic development: kidney organoids and organs on a chip. Kidney Int 2024; 105:702-708. [PMID: 38296026 PMCID: PMC10960684 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of animal models in therapeutic development has long been the standard practice. However, ethical concerns and the inherent species differences have prompted a reevaluation of the experimental approach in human disease studies. The urgent need for alternative model systems that better mimic human pathophysiology has led to the emergence of organoids, innovative in vitro models, to simulate human organs in vitro. These organoids have gained widespread acceptance in disease models and drug development research. In this mini review, we explore the recent strides made in kidney organoid differentiation and highlight the synergistic potential of incorporating organ-on-chip systems. The emergent use of microfluidic devices reveals the importance of fluid flow in the maturation of kidney organoids and helps decipher pathomechanisms in kidney diseases. Recent research has uncovered their potential applications across a wide spectrum of kidney research areas, including hemodynamic forces at stake in kidney health and disease, immune cell infiltration, or drug delivery and toxicity. This convergence of cutting-edge technologies not only holds promise for expediting therapeutic development but also reflects an acknowledgment of the need to embrace innovative and more human-centric research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, EMR 8228, Paris, France
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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49
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Chen B, Du C, Wang M, Guo J, Liu X. Organoids as preclinical models of human disease: progress and applications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:129-153. [PMID: 38680680 PMCID: PMC11046574 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In the field of biomedical research, organoids represent a remarkable advancement that has the potential to revolutionize our approach to studying human diseases even before clinical trials. Organoids are essentially miniature 3D models of specific organs or tissues, enabling scientists to investigate the causes of diseases, test new drugs, and explore personalized medicine within a controlled laboratory setting. Over the past decade, organoid technology has made substantial progress, allowing researchers to create highly detailed environments that closely mimic the human body. These organoids can be generated from various sources, including pluripotent stem cells, specialized tissue cells, and tumor tissue cells. This versatility enables scientists to replicate a wide range of diseases affecting different organ systems, effectively creating disease replicas in a laboratory dish. This exciting capability has provided us with unprecedented insights into the progression of diseases and how we can develop improved treatments. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the progress made in utilizing organoids as preclinical models, aiding our understanding and providing a more effective approach to addressing various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cijie Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
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50
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Huang W, Chen YY, He FF, Zhang C. Revolutionizing nephrology research: expanding horizons with kidney-on-a-chip and beyond. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1373386. [PMID: 38605984 PMCID: PMC11007038 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1373386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip (OoC) is a microengineered three-dimensional cell culture system developed for decades. Utilizing microfluidic technology, OoC cultivates cells on perfusable channels to construct in vitro organ models, enabling the simulation of organ-level functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The superior simulation capabilities compared to traditional animal experiments and two-dimensional cell cultures, making OoC a valuable tool for in vitro research. Recently, the application of OoC has extended to the field of nephrology, where it replicates various functional units, including glomerulus-on-a-chip, proximal tubule-on-a-chip, distal tubule-on-a-chip, collecting duct-on-a-chip, and even the entire nephron-on-a-chip to precisely emulate the structure and function of nephrons. Moreover, researchers have integrated kidney models into multi-organ systems, establishing human body-on-a-chip platforms. In this review, the diverse functional kidney units-on-a-chip and their versatile applications are outlined, such as drug nephrotoxicity screening, renal development studies, and investigations into the pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney diseases. The inherent advantages and current limitations of these OoC models are also examined. Finally, the synergy of kidney-on-a-chip with other emerging biomedical technologies are explored, such as bioengineered kidney and bioprinting, and a new insight for chip-based renal replacement therapy in the future are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chun Zhang
- *Correspondence: Fang-Fang He, ; Chun Zhang,
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