1
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Harel I, Chen YR, Ziv I, Singh PP, Heinzer D, Navarro Negredo P, Goshtchevsky U, Wang W, Astre G, Moses E, McKay A, Machado BE, Hebestreit K, Yin S, Sánchez Alvarado A, Jarosz DF, Brunet A. Identification of protein aggregates in the aging vertebrate brain with prion-like and phase-separation properties. Cell Rep 2024; 43:112787. [PMID: 38810650 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation, which can sometimes spread in a prion-like manner, is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether prion-like aggregates form during normal brain aging remains unknown. Here, we use quantitative proteomics in the African turquoise killifish to identify protein aggregates that accumulate in old vertebrate brains. These aggregates are enriched for prion-like RNA-binding proteins, notably the ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5. We validate that DDX5 forms aggregate-like puncta in the brains of old killifish and mice. Interestingly, DDX5's prion-like domain allows these aggregates to propagate across many generations in yeast. In vitro, DDX5 phase separates into condensates. Mutations that abolish DDX5 prion propagation also impair the protein's ability to phase separate. DDX5 condensates exhibit enhanced enzymatic activity, but they can mature into inactive, solid aggregates. Our findings suggest that protein aggregates with prion-like properties form during normal brain aging, which could have implications for the age-dependency of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Yiwen R Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Inbal Ziv
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Param Priya Singh
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Heinzer
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Uri Goshtchevsky
- The Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Wei Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Gwendoline Astre
- The Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Eitan Moses
- The Silberman Institute, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Andrew McKay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ben E Machado
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katja Hebestreit
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sifei Yin
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Daniel F Jarosz
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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2
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Kitamura A, Fujimoto A, Kawashima R, Lyu Y, Sasaki K, Hamada Y, Moriya K, Kurata A, Takahashi K, Brielmann R, Bott LC, Morimoto RI, Kinjo M. Hetero-oligomerization of TDP-43 carboxy-terminal fragments with cellular proteins contributes to proteotoxicity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:743. [PMID: 38902525 PMCID: PMC11190292 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Carboxy terminal fragments (CTFs) of TDP-43 contain an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and form cytoplasmic condensates containing amyloid fibrils. Such condensates are toxic and associated with pathogenicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the molecular details of how the domain of TDP-43 CTFs leads to condensation and cytotoxicity remain elusive. Here, we show that truncated RNA/DNA-recognition motif (RRM) at the N-terminus of TDP-43 CTFs leads to the structural transition of the IDR, whereas the IDR itself of TDP-43 CTFs is difficult to assemble even if they are proximate intermolecularly. Hetero-oligomers of TDP-43 CTFs that have recruited other proteins are more toxic than homo-oligomers, implicating loss-of-function of the endogenous proteins by such oligomers is associated with cytotoxicity. Furthermore, such toxicity of TDP-43 CTFs was cell-nonautonomously affected in the nematodes. Therefore, misfolding and oligomeric characteristics of the truncated RRM at the N-terminus of TDP-43 CTFs define their condensation properties and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kitamura
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
- PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Ai Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Rei Kawashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yidan Lyu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kotetsu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuta Hamada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kanami Moriya
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kurata
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kazuho Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Reneé Brielmann
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Laura C Bott
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Masataka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
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3
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Robinson JL, Suh E, Xu Y, Hurtig HI, Elman L, McMillan CT, Irwin DJ, Porta S, Van Deerlin VM, Lee EB. Annexin A11 aggregation in FTLD-TDP type C and related neurodegenerative disease proteinopathies. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:104. [PMID: 38896345 PMCID: PMC11186923 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is an RNA binding protein found within ribonucleoprotein granules tethered to lysosomes via annexin A11. TDP-43 protein forms inclusions in many neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). Annexin A11 is also known to form aggregates in ALS cases with pathogenic variants in ANXA11. Annexin A11 aggregation has not been described in sporadic ALS, FTLD-TDP or LATE-NC cases. To explore the relationship between TDP-43 and annexin A11, genetic analysis of 822 autopsy cases was performed to identify rare ANXA11 variants. In addition, an immunohistochemical study of 368 autopsy cases was performed to identify annexin A11 aggregates. Insoluble annexin A11 aggregates which colocalize with TDP-43 inclusions were present in all FTLD-TDP Type C cases. Annexin A11 inclusions were also seen in a small proportion (3-6%) of sporadic and genetic forms of FTLD-TDP types A and B, ALS, and LATE-NC. In addition, we confirm the comingling of annexin A11 and TDP-43 aggregates in an ALS case with the pathogenic ANXA11 p.G38R variant. Finally, we found abundant annexin A11 inclusions as the primary pathologic finding in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy-like frontotemporal dementia with prominent striatal vacuolization due to a novel variant, ANXA11 p.P75S. By immunoblot, FTLD-TDP with annexinopathy and ANXA11 variant cases show accumulation of insoluble ANXA11 including a truncated fragment. These results indicate that annexin A11 forms a diverse and heterogeneous range of aggregates in both sporadic and genetic forms of TDP-43 proteinopathies. In addition, the finding of a primary vacuolar annexinopathy due to ANXA11 p.P75S suggests that annexin A11 aggregation is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Howard I Hurtig
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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4
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Vazquez-Sanchez S, Tilkin B, Gasset-Rosa F, Zhang S, Piol D, McAlonis-Downes M, Artates J, Govea-Perez N, Verresen Y, Guo L, Cleveland DW, Shorter J, Da Cruz S. Frontotemporal dementia-like disease progression elicited by seeded aggregation and spread of FUS. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:46. [PMID: 38862967 PMCID: PMC11165889 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins have emerged as central players in the mechanisms of many neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, a proteinopathy of fused in sarcoma (FUS) is present in some instances of familial Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and about 10% of sporadic Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Here we establish that focal injection of sonicated human FUS fibrils into brains of mice in which ALS-linked mutant or wild-type human FUS replaces endogenous mouse FUS is sufficient to induce focal cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of mutant and wild-type FUS which with time spreads to distal regions of the brain. Human FUS fibril-induced FUS aggregation in the mouse brain of humanized FUS mice is accelerated by an ALS-causing FUS mutant relative to wild-type human FUS. Injection of sonicated human FUS fibrils does not induce FUS aggregation and subsequent spreading after injection into naïve mouse brains containing only mouse FUS, indicating a species barrier to human FUS aggregation and its prion-like spread. Fibril-induced human FUS aggregates recapitulate pathological features of FTLD including increased detergent insolubility of FUS and TAF15 and amyloid-like, cytoplasmic deposits of FUS that accumulate ubiquitin and p62, but not TDP-43. Finally, injection of sonicated FUS fibrils is shown to exacerbate age-dependent cognitive and behavioral deficits from mutant human FUS expression. Thus, focal seeded aggregation of FUS and further propagation through prion-like spread elicits FUS-proteinopathy and FTLD-like disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vazquez-Sanchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Britt Tilkin
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Fatima Gasset-Rosa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Present Address: Vividion Therapeutics, 5820 Nancy Ridge Dr, San Diego, 92121, USA
| | - Sitao Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Diana Piol
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa McAlonis-Downes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Artates
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Noe Govea-Perez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yana Verresen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6059, USA
| | - Sandrine Da Cruz
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research and Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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5
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Sun H, Yang B, Li Q, Zhu X, Song E, Liu C, Song Y, Jiang G. Polystyrene nanoparticles trigger aberrant condensation of TDP-43 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like symptoms. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01683-5. [PMID: 38849544 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the dysfunction and progressive death of cerebral and spinal motor neurons. Preliminary epidemiological research has hinted at a relationship between environmental risks and the escalation of ALS, but the underlying reasons remain mostly mysterious. Here we show that nanosize polystyrene plastics (PS) induce ALS-like symptoms and illustrate the related molecular mechanism. When exposed to PS, cells endure internal oxidative stress, which leads to the aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), triggering ALS-like characteristics. In addition, the oxidized heat shock protein 70 fails to escort TDP-43 back to the nucleus. The cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 facilitates the formation of a complex between PS and TDP-43, enhancing the condensation and solidification of TDP-43. These findings are corroborated through in silico and in vivo assays. Altogether, our work illustrates a unique toxicological mechanism induced by nanoparticles and provides insights into the connection between environmental pollution and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Vazquez-Sanchez S, Tilkin B, Gasset-Rosa F, Zhang S, Piol D, McAlonis-Downes M, Artates J, Govea-Perez N, Verresen Y, Guo L, Cleveland DW, Shorter J, Da Cruz S. Frontotemporal dementia-like disease progression elicited by seeded aggregation and spread of FUS. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.03.593639. [PMID: 38895337 PMCID: PMC11185515 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.03.593639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins have emerged as central players in the mechanisms of many neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, a proteinopathy of fu sed in s arcoma (FUS) is present in some instances of familial Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and about 10% of sporadic FTLD. Here we establish that focal injection of sonicated human FUS fibrils into brains of mice in which ALS-linked mutant or wild-type human FUS replaces endogenous mouse FUS is sufficient to induce focal cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of mutant and wild-type FUS which with time spreads to distal regions of the brain. Human FUS fibril-induced FUS aggregation in the mouse brain of humanized FUS mice is accelerated by an ALS-causing FUS mutant relative to wild-type human FUS. Injection of sonicated human FUS fibrils does not induce FUS aggregation and subsequent spreading after injection into naïve mouse brains containing only mouse FUS, indicating a species barrier to human FUS aggregation and its prion-like spread. Fibril-induced human FUS aggregates recapitulate pathological features of FTLD including increased detergent insolubility of FUS and TAF15 and amyloid-like, cytoplasmic deposits of FUS that accumulate ubiquitin and p62, but not TDP-43. Finally, injection of sonicated FUS fibrils is shown to exacerbate age-dependent cognitive and behavioral deficits from mutant human FUS expression. Thus, focal seeded aggregation of FUS and further propagation through prion-like spread elicits FUS-proteinopathy and FTLD-like disease progression.
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7
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Castelli L, Vasta R, Allen SP, Waller R, Chiò A, Traynor BJ, Kirby J. From use of omics to systems biology: Identifying therapeutic targets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:209-268. [PMID: 38802176 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous progressive neurodegenerative disorder with available treatments such as riluzole and edaravone extending survival by an average of 3-6 months. The lack of highly effective, widely available therapies reflects the complexity of ALS. Omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomic and proteomics have contributed to the identification of biological pathways dysregulated and targeted by therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical trials. Integrating clinical, environmental and neuroimaging information with omics data and applying a systems biology approach can further improve our understanding of the disease with the potential to stratify patients and provide more personalised medicine. This chapter will review the omics technologies that contribute to a systems biology approach and how these components have assisted in identifying therapeutic targets. Current strategies, including the use of genetic screening and biosampling in clinical trials, as well as the future application of additional technological advances, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Castelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario Vasta
- ALS Expert Center,'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Scott P Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Waller
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Expert Center,'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neurology 1, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; RNA Therapeutics Laboratory, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology,University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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8
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Hruska-Plochan M, Wiersma VI, Betz KM, Mallona I, Ronchi S, Maniecka Z, Hock EM, Tantardini E, Laferriere F, Sahadevan S, Hoop V, Delvendahl I, Pérez-Berlanga M, Gatta B, Panatta M, van der Bourg A, Bohaciakova D, Sharma P, De Vos L, Frontzek K, Aguzzi A, Lashley T, Robinson MD, Karayannis T, Mueller M, Hierlemann A, Polymenidou M. A model of human neural networks reveals NPTX2 pathology in ALS and FTLD. Nature 2024; 626:1073-1083. [PMID: 38355792 PMCID: PMC10901740 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Human cellular models of neurodegeneration require reproducibility and longevity, which is necessary for simulating age-dependent diseases. Such systems are particularly needed for TDP-43 proteinopathies1, which involve human-specific mechanisms2-5 that cannot be directly studied in animal models. Here, to explore the emergence and consequences of TDP-43 pathologies, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived, colony morphology neural stem cells (iCoMoNSCs) via manual selection of neural precursors6. Single-cell transcriptomics and comparison to independent neural stem cells7 showed that iCoMoNSCs are uniquely homogenous and self-renewing. Differentiated iCoMoNSCs formed a self-organized multicellular system consisting of synaptically connected and electrophysiologically active neurons, which matured into long-lived functional networks (which we designate iNets). Neuronal and glial maturation in iNets was similar to that of cortical organoids8. Overexpression of wild-type TDP-43 in a minority of neurons within iNets led to progressive fragmentation and aggregation of the protein, resulting in a partial loss of function and neurotoxicity. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed a novel set of misregulated RNA targets in TDP-43-overexpressing neurons and in patients with TDP-43 proteinopathies exhibiting a loss of nuclear TDP-43. The strongest misregulated target encoded the synaptic protein NPTX2, the levels of which are controlled by TDP-43 binding on its 3' untranslated region. When NPTX2 was overexpressed in iNets, it exhibited neurotoxicity, whereas correcting NPTX2 misregulation partially rescued neurons from TDP-43-induced neurodegeneration. Notably, NPTX2 was consistently misaccumulated in neurons from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology. Our work directly links TDP-43 misregulation and NPTX2 accumulation, thereby revealing a TDP-43-dependent pathway of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera I Wiersma
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina M Betz
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Izaskun Mallona
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Ronchi
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
- MaxWell Biosystems AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna Maniecka
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva-Maria Hock
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tantardini
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florent Laferriere
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonu Sahadevan
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Hoop
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Igor Delvendahl
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Beatrice Gatta
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Panatta
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dasa Bohaciakova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Puneet Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- NCCR RNA and Disease Technology Platform, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura De Vos
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Frontzek
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological diseases, Department of Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Garcia-Pardo J, Ventura S. Cryo-EM structures of functional and pathological amyloid ribonucleoprotein assemblies. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:119-133. [PMID: 37926650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyloids are implicated in neurodegenerative and systemic diseases, yet they serve important functional roles in numerous organisms. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) represent a large family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that control central events of RNA biogenesis in normal and diseased cellular conditions. Many of these proteins contain prion-like sequences of low complexity, which not only assemble into functional fibrils in response to cellular cues but can also lead to disease when missense mutations arise in their sequences. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have provided unprecedented high-resolution structural insights into diverse amyloid assemblies formed by hnRNPs and structurally related RBPs, including TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), Orb2, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2, and hnRNPDL-2. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these structures and explores their functional and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Pardo
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Sharma K, Stockert F, Shenoy J, Berbon M, Abdul-Shukkoor MB, Habenstein B, Loquet A, Schmidt M, Fändrich M. Cryo-EM observation of the amyloid key structure of polymorphic TDP-43 amyloid fibrils. Nat Commun 2024; 15:486. [PMID: 38212334 PMCID: PMC10784485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a multi-facet protein involved in phase separation, RNA-binding, and alternative splicing. In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, abnormal aggregation of TDP-43 has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration through the aggregation of its C-terminal domain. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM)-based structural characterization of TDP-43 fibrils obtained from the full-length protein. We find that the fibrils are polymorphic and contain three different amyloid structures. The structures differ in the number and relative orientation of the protofilaments, although they share a similar fold containing an amyloid key motif. The observed fibril structures differ from previously described conformations of TDP-43 fibrils and help to better understand the structural landscape of the amyloid fibril structures derived from this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikay Sharma
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fabian Stockert
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jayakrishna Shenoy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | | | - Birgit Habenstein
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Antoine Loquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Tetter S, Arseni D, Murzin AG, Buhidma Y, Peak-Chew SY, Garringer HJ, Newell KL, Vidal R, Apostolova LG, Lashley T, Ghetti B, Ryskeldi-Falcon B. TAF15 amyloid filaments in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nature 2024; 625:345-351. [PMID: 38057661 PMCID: PMC10781619 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, and is often also associated with motor disorders1. The pathological hallmarks of FTLD are neuronal inclusions of specific, abnormally assembled proteins2. In the majority of cases the inclusions contain amyloid filament assemblies of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) or tau, with distinct filament structures characterizing different FTLD subtypes3,4. The presence of amyloid filaments and their identities and structures in the remaining approximately 10% of FTLD cases are unknown but are widely believed to be composed of the protein fused in sarcoma (FUS, also known as translocated in liposarcoma). As such, these cases are commonly referred to as FTLD-FUS. Here we used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of amyloid filaments extracted from the prefrontal and temporal cortices of four individuals with FTLD-FUS. Surprisingly, we found abundant amyloid filaments of the FUS homologue TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15 (TAF15, also known as TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N) rather than of FUS itself. The filament fold is formed from residues 7-99 in the low-complexity domain (LCD) of TAF15 and was identical between individuals. Furthermore, we found TAF15 filaments with the same fold in the motor cortex and brainstem of two of the individuals, both showing upper and lower motor neuron pathology. The formation of TAF15 amyloid filaments with a characteristic fold in FTLD establishes TAF15 proteinopathy in neurodegenerative disease. The structure of TAF15 amyloid filaments provides a basis for the development of model systems of neurodegenerative disease, as well as for the design of diagnostic and therapeutic tools targeting TAF15 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Arseni
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yazead Buhidma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Holly J Garringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Forgrave LM, Moon K, Hamden JE, Li Y, Lu P, Foster LJ, Mackenzie IRA, DeMarco ML. Truncated TDP-43 proteoforms diagnostic of frontotemporal dementia with TDP-43 pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:103-111. [PMID: 37461300 PMCID: PMC10917011 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biomarkers of TDP-43 pathology are needed to distinguish frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP) from phenotypically related disorders. While normal physiological TDP-43 is not a promising biomarker, low-resolution techniques have suggested truncated forms of TDP-43 may be specific to TDP-43 pathology. To advance biomarker efforts for FTLD-TDP, we employed a high-resolution structural technique to characterize TDP-43 post-translational modifications in FTLD-TDP. METHODS High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to characterize TDP-43 proteoforms in brain tissue from FTLD-TDP, non-TDP-43 dementias and neuropathologically unaffected cases. Findings were then verified in a larger cohort of FTLD-TDP and non-TDP-43 dementias via targeted quantitative mass spectrometry. RESULTS In the discovery phase, truncated TDP-43 identified FTLD-TDP with 85% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The verification phase revealed similar findings, with 83% sensitivity and 89% specificity. DISCUSSION The concentration of truncated TDP-43 proteoforms-in particular, in vivo generated C-terminal fragments-have high diagnostic accuracy for FTLD-TDP. HIGHLIGHTS Discovery: Truncated TDP-43 differentiates FTLD-TDP from related dementias. Verification: Truncated TDP-43 concentration has high accuracy for FTLD-TDP. TDP-43 proteoforms <28 kDa have highest discriminatory power for TDP-43 pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Forgrave
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Kyung‐Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Jordan E. Hamden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Phoebe Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ian R. A. Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineVancouver General HospitalVancouverCanada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSt. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health CareVancouverCanada
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13
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Zhou Z, Kim J, Huang AY, Nolan M, Park J, Doan R, Shin T, Miller MB, Chhouk B, Morillo K, Yeh RC, Kenny C, Neil JE, Lee CZ, Ohkubo T, Ravits J, Ansorge O, Ostrow LW, Lagier-Tourenne C, Lee EA, Walsh CA. Somatic Mosaicism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Reveals Widespread Degeneration from Focal Mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569436. [PMID: 38077003 PMCID: PMC10705414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Although mutations in dozens of genes have been implicated in familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (fFTD), most cases of these conditions are sporadic (sALS and sFTD), with no family history, and their etiology remains obscure. We tested the hypothesis that somatic mosaic mutations, present in some but not all cells, might contribute in these cases, by performing ultra-deep, targeted sequencing of 88 genes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in postmortem brain and spinal cord samples from 404 individuals with sALS or sFTD and 144 controls. Known pathogenic germline mutations were found in 20.6% of ALS, and 26.5% of FTD cases. Predicted pathogenic somatic mutations in ALS/FTD genes were observed in 2.7% of sALS and sFTD cases that did not carry known pathogenic or novel germline mutations. Somatic mutations showed low variant allele fraction (typically <2%) and were often restricted to the region of initial discovery, preventing detection through genetic screening in peripheral tissues. Damaging somatic mutations were preferentially enriched in primary motor cortex of sALS and prefrontal cortex of sFTD, mirroring regions most severely affected in each disease. Somatic mutation analysis of bulk RNA-seq data from brain and spinal cord from an additional 143 sALS cases and 23 controls confirmed an overall enrichment of somatic mutations in sALS. Two adult sALS cases were identified bearing pathogenic somatic mutations in DYNC1H1 and LMNA, two genes associated with pediatric motor neuron degeneration. Our study suggests that somatic mutations in fALS/fFTD genes, and in genes associated with more severe diseases in the germline state, contribute to sALS and sFTD, and that mosaic mutations in a small fraction of cells in focal regions of the nervous system can ultimately result in widespread degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Zhou
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junho Kim
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - August Yue Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Nolan
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junseok Park
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Doan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taehwan Shin
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Chhouk
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Morillo
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Yeh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connor Kenny
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Neil
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Zong Lee
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takuya Ohkubo
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lyle W. Ostrow
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Cascella R, Banchelli M, Abolghasem Ghadami S, Ami D, Gagliani MC, Bigi A, Staderini T, Tampellini D, Cortese K, Cecchi C, Natalello A, Adibi H, Matteini P, Chiti F. An in situ and in vitro investigation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions reveals the absence of a clear amyloid signature. Ann Med 2023; 55:72-88. [PMID: 36495262 PMCID: PMC9746631 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2148734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Several neurodegenerative conditions are associated with a common histopathology within neurons of the central nervous system, consisting of the deposition of cytoplasmic inclusions of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Such inclusions have variably been described as morphologically and molecularly ordered aggregates having amyloid properties, as filaments without the cross-β-structure and dye binding specific for amyloid, or as amorphous aggregates with no defined structure and fibrillar morphology.Aims and Methods: Here we have expressed human full-length TDP-43 in neuroblastoma x spinal cord 34 (NSC-34) cells to investigate the morphological, structural, and tinctorial properties of TDP-43 inclusions in situ. We have used last-generation amyloid diagnostic probes able to cross the cell membrane and detect amyloid in the cytoplasm and have adopted Raman and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopies to study in situ the secondary structure of the TDP-43 protein in the inclusions. We have then used transmission electron microscopy to study the morphology of the TDP-43 inclusions.Results: The results show the absence of amyloid dye binding, the lack of an enrichment of cross-β structure in the inclusions, and of a fibrillar texture in the round inclusions. The aggregates formed in vitro from the purified protein under conditions in which it is initially native also lack all these characteristics, ruling out a clear amyloid-like signature.Conclusions: These findings indicate a low propensity of TDP-43 to form amyloid fibrils and even non-amyloid filaments, under conditions in which the protein is initially native and undergoes its typical nucleus-to-cell mislocalization. It cannot be excluded that filaments emerge on the long time scale from such inclusions, but the high propensity of the protein to form initially other types of inclusions appear to be an essential characteristic of TDP-43 proteinopathies.KEY MESSAGESCytoplasmic inclusions of TDP-43 formed in NSC-34 cells do not stain with amyloid-diagnostic dyes, are not enriched with cross-β structure, and do not show a fibrillar morphology.TDP-43 assemblies formed in vitro from pure TDP-43 do not have any hallmarks of amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Banchelli
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Staderini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Davide Tampellini
- U 1195 INSERM-Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Institut Professeur Baulieu, Paris, France
| | - Katia Cortese
- Cellular Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Milan Center of Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy
| | - Hadi Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara", National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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15
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Schwartzenburg JB, Cruise SC, Reed RE, Hutchinson CM, Mirzalieva OS, Edwards KN, Edwards S, Gilpin NW, Molina PE, Desai SD. Neuropathological Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alcohol Use in Males and Females: Studies Using Pre-Clinical Rodent and Clinical Human Specimens. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2410-2426. [PMID: 37279290 PMCID: PMC10649185 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and alcohol misuse are inextricably linked and can increase the risk for development of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in military veterans and contact sport athletes. Proteinopathy (defects in protein degradation) is considered an underlying factor in neurodegenerative diseases. Whether it contributes to TBI/alcohol-mediated neurodegeneration is unexplored, however. Our recent studies have identified ISGylation, a conjugated form of ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15) and inducer of proteinopathy, as a potential mechanistic link underlying TBI-mediated neurodegeneration and proteinopathy in veterans. In the current study, a rat model of combined TBI and alcohol use was utilized to investigate the same relationship. Here, we report sustained induction of Interferon β (IFNβ), changes in TAR DNA Binding 43 (TDP-43) ISGylation levels, TDP-43 proteinopathy (C-terminal fragmentation [CTF]), and neurodegeneration in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cords (LSCs) and/or motor cortices (MCs) of female rats post-TBI in a time-dependent manner. In males, these findings mostly remained non-significant, although moderate alcohol use appears to decrease neurodegeneration in males (but not females) post-TBI. We, however, do not claim that moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial for preventing TBI-mediated neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that ISGylation is increased in the LSCs of veterans with TBI/ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Here, we show increased ISGylation of TDP-43 in the LSCs of TBI/ALS-afflicted female veterans compared with male veterans. Knowing that ISGylation induces proteinopathy, we suggest targeting ISGylation may prevent proteinopathy-mediated neurodegeneration post-TBI, particularly in women; however, causal studies are required to confirm this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. Schwartzenburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Shealan C. Cruise
- Department of Physiology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ryan E. Reed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Corrine M. Hutchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Oygul S. Mirzalieva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nicholas W. Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Shyamal D. Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and LSUHSC-School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
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16
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Linsenmeier M, Faltova L, Morelli C, Capasso Palmiero U, Seiffert C, Küffner AM, Pinotsi D, Zhou J, Mezzenga R, Arosio P. The interface of condensates of the hnRNPA1 low-complexity domain promotes formation of amyloid fibrils. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1340-1349. [PMID: 37749234 PMCID: PMC10533390 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The maturation of liquid-like protein condensates into amyloid fibrils has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this liquid-to-solid transition have remained largely unclear. Here we analyse the amyloid formation mediated by condensation of the low-complexity domain of hnRNPA1, a protein involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We show that phase separation and fibrillization are connected but distinct processes that are modulated by different regions of the protein sequence. By monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of amyloid formation we demonstrate that the formation of fibrils does not occur homogeneously inside the droplets but is promoted at the interface of the condensates. We further show that coating the interface of the droplets with surfactant molecules inhibits fibril formation. Our results reveal that the interface of biomolecular condensates of hnRNPA1 promotes fibril formation, therefore suggesting interfaces as a potential novel therapeutic target against the formation of aberrant amyloids mediated by condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Linsenmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Faltova
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Morelli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Capasso Palmiero
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Seiffert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Küffner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Pinotsi
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- Department for Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department for Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Sciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Bringing Materials to Life Initiative, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Pérez‐Berlanga M, Wiersma VI, Zbinden A, De Vos L, Wagner U, Foglieni C, Mallona I, Betz KM, Cléry A, Weber J, Guo Z, Rigort R, de Rossi P, Manglunia R, Tantardini E, Sahadevan S, Stach O, Hruska‐Plochan M, Allain FH, Paganetti P, Polymenidou M. Loss of TDP-43 oligomerization or RNA binding elicits distinct aggregation patterns. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111719. [PMID: 37431963 PMCID: PMC10476175 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the RNA-binding protein TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is the key neuropathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). In physiological conditions, TDP-43 is predominantly nuclear, forms oligomers, and is contained in biomolecular condensates assembled by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). In disease, TDP-43 forms cytoplasmic or intranuclear inclusions. How TDP-43 transitions from physiological to pathological states remains poorly understood. Using a variety of cellular systems to express structure-based TDP-43 variants, including human neurons and cell lines with near-physiological expression levels, we show that oligomerization and RNA binding govern TDP-43 stability, splicing functionality, LLPS, and subcellular localization. Importantly, our data reveal that TDP-43 oligomerization is modulated by RNA binding. By mimicking the impaired proteasomal activity observed in ALS/FTLD patients, we found that monomeric TDP-43 forms inclusions in the cytoplasm, whereas its RNA binding-deficient counterpart aggregated in the nucleus. These differentially localized aggregates emerged via distinct pathways: LLPS-driven aggregation in the nucleus and aggresome-dependent inclusion formation in the cytoplasm. Therefore, our work unravels the origins of heterogeneous pathological species reminiscent of those occurring in TDP-43 proteinopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera I Wiersma
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Aurélie Zbinden
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Laura De Vos
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Chiara Foglieni
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero CantonaleBellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Izaskun Mallona
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katharina M Betz
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Antoine Cléry
- Department of Biology, Institute of BiochemistryETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Julien Weber
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Zhongning Guo
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ruben Rigort
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Pierre de Rossi
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ruchi Manglunia
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Elena Tantardini
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sonu Sahadevan
- Department of Quantitative BiomedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Oliver Stach
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Paolo Paganetti
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero CantonaleBellinzonaSwitzerland
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18
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Bhopatkar AA, Kayed R. Flanking regions, amyloid cores, and polymorphism: the potential interplay underlying structural diversity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105122. [PMID: 37536631 PMCID: PMC10482755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-sheet-rich amyloid core is the defining feature of protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Recent investigations have revealed that there exist multiple examples of the same protein, with the same sequence, forming a variety of amyloid cores with distinct structural characteristics. These structural variants, termed as polymorphs, are hypothesized to influence the pathological profile and the progression of different neurodegenerative diseases, giving rise to unique phenotypic differences. Thus, identifying the origin and properties of these structural variants remain a focus of studies, as a preliminary step in the development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the potential role of the flanking regions of amyloid cores in inducing polymorphism. These regions, adjacent to the amyloid cores, show a preponderance for being structurally disordered, imbuing them with functional promiscuity. The dynamic nature of the flanking regions can then manifest in the form of conformational polymorphism of the aggregates. We take a closer look at the sequences flanking the amyloid cores, followed by a review of the polymorphic aggregates of the well-characterized proteins amyloid-β, α-synuclein, Tau, and TDP-43. We also consider different factors that can potentially influence aggregate structure and how these regions can be viewed as novel targets for therapeutic strategies by utilizing their unique structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukool A Bhopatkar
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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19
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Chao AS, Matak P, Pegram K, Powers J, Hutson C, Jo R, Dubois L, Thompson JW, Smith PB, Jain V, Liu C, Younge NE, Rikard B, Reyes EY, Shinohara ML, Gregory SG, Goldberg RN, Benner EJ. 20-αHydroxycholesterol, an oxysterol in human breast milk, reverses mouse neonatal white matter injury through Gli-dependent oligodendrogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1054-1071.e8. [PMID: 37541211 PMCID: PMC10625465 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
White matter injuries (WMIs) are the leading cause of neurologic impairment in infants born premature. There are no treatment options available. The most common forms of WMIs in infants occur prior to the onset of normal myelination, making its pathophysiology distinctive, thus requiring a tailored approach to treatment. Neonates present a unique opportunity to repair WMIs due to a transient abundance of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) present in the germinal matrix with oligodendrogenic potential. We identified an endogenous oxysterol, 20-αHydroxycholesterol (20HC), in human maternal breast milk that induces oligodendrogenesis through a sonic hedgehog (shh), Gli-dependent mechanism. Following WMI in neonatal mice, injection of 20HC induced subventricular zone-derived oligodendrogenesis and improved myelination in the periventricular white matter, resulting in improved motor outcomes. Targeting the oligodendrogenic potential of postnatal NSPCs in neonates with WMIs may be further developed into a novel approach to mitigate this devastating complication of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes S Chao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pavle Matak
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kelly Pegram
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James Powers
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Collin Hutson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca Jo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laura Dubois
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - P Brian Smith
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Noelle E Younge
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Blaire Rikard
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Estefany Y Reyes
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ronald N Goldberg
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Eric J Benner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, The Jean and George Brumley, Jr. Neonatal-Perinatal Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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20
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Arseni D, Chen R, Murzin AG, Peak-Chew SY, Garringer HJ, Newell KL, Kametani F, Robinson AC, Vidal R, Ghetti B, Hasegawa M, Ryskeldi-Falcon B. TDP-43 forms amyloid filaments with a distinct fold in type A FTLD-TDP. Nature 2023; 620:898-903. [PMID: 37532939 PMCID: PMC10447236 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal assembly of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in neuronal and glial cells characterizes nearly all cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and around half of cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)1,2. A causal role for TDP-43 assembly in neurodegeneration is evidenced by dominantly inherited missense mutations in TARDBP, the gene encoding TDP-43, that promote assembly and give rise to ALS and FTLD3-7. At least four types (A-D) of FTLD with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP) are defined by distinct brain distributions of assembled TDP-43 and are associated with different clinical presentations of frontotemporal dementia8. We previously showed, using cryo-electron microscopy, that TDP-43 assembles into amyloid filaments in ALS and type B FTLD-TDP9. However, the structures of assembled TDP-43 in FTLD without ALS remained unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of assembled TDP-43 from the brains of three individuals with the most common type of FTLD-TDP, type A. TDP-43 formed amyloid filaments with a new fold that was the same across individuals, indicating that this fold may characterize type A FTLD-TDP. The fold resembles a chevron badge and is unlike the double-spiral-shaped fold of ALS and type B FTLD-TDP, establishing that distinct filament folds of TDP-43 characterize different neurodegenerative conditions. The structures, in combination with mass spectrometry, led to the identification of two new post-translational modifications of assembled TDP-43, citrullination and monomethylation of R293, and indicate that they may facilitate filament formation and observed structural variation in individual filaments. The structures of TDP-43 filaments from type A FTLD-TDP will guide mechanistic studies of TDP-43 assembly, as well as the development of diagnostic and therapeutic compounds for TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Arseni
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Renren Chen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Holly J Garringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Hurtle BT, Xie L, Donnelly CJ. Disrupting pathologic phase transitions in neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168549. [PMID: 37395272 DOI: 10.1172/jci168549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-like protein deposits found in aged and diseased human brains have revealed a relationship between insoluble protein accumulations and the resulting deficits in neurologic function. Clinically diverse neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, exhibit unique and disease-specific biochemical protein signatures and abnormal protein depositions that often correlate with disease pathogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that many pathologic proteins assemble into liquid-like protein phases through the highly coordinated process of liquid-liquid phase separation. Over the last decade, biomolecular phase transitions have emerged as a fundamental mechanism of cellular organization. Liquid-like condensates organize functionally related biomolecules within the cell, and many neuropathology-associated proteins reside within these dynamic structures. Thus, examining biomolecular phase transitions enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating toxicity across diverse neurodegenerative diseases. This Review explores the known mechanisms contributing to aberrant protein phase transitions in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies and outlining potential therapeutic strategies to regulate these pathologic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T Hurtle
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh; and
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Longxin Xie
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate Program
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh; and
- LiveLikeLou Center for ALS Research at the University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Mesulam MM, Gefen T, Flanagan M, Castellani R, Jamshidi P, Barbieri E, Sridhar J, Kawles A, Weintraub S, Geula C, Rogalski E. Frontotemporal Degeneration with Transactive Response DNA-Binding Protein Type C at the Anterior Temporal Lobe. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:1-12. [PMID: 37183762 PMCID: PMC10330481 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical distribution of most neurodegenerative diseases shows considerable interindividual variations. In contrast, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with transactive response DNA-binding protein type C (TDP-C) shows a consistent predilection for the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). The relatively selective atrophy of ATL in TDP-C patients has highlighted the importance of this region for complex cognitive and behavioral functions. This review includes observations on 28 TDP-C patients, 18 with semantic primary progressive aphasia and 10 with other syndromes. Longitudinal imaging allowed the delineation of progression trajectories. At post-mortem examination, the pathognomonic feature of TDP-C consisted of long, thick neurites found predominantly in superficial cortical layers. These neurites may represent dystrophic apical dendrites of layer III and V pyramidal neurons that are known to play pivotal roles in complex cortical computations. Other types of frontotemporal lobar degeneration TDP, such as TDP-A and TDP-B, are not associated with long dystrophic neurites in the cerebral cortex, and do not show similar predilection patterns for ATL. Research is beginning to identify molecular, structural, and immunological differences between pathological TDP-43 in TDP-C versus TDP-A and B. Parallel investigations based on proteomics, somatic mutations, and genome-wide association studies are detecting molecular features that could conceivably mediate the selective vulnerability of ATL to TDP-C. Future work will focus on characterizing the distinctive features of the abnormal TDP-C neurites, the mechanisms of neurotoxicity, initial cellular targets within the ATL, trajectory of spread, and the nature of ATL-specific markers that modulate vulnerability to TDP-C. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek-Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rudolph Castellani
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pouya Jamshidi
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaiashre Sridhar
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allegra Kawles
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Arnold FJ, Nguyen AD, Bedlack RS, Bennett CL, La Spada AR. Intercellular transmission of pathogenic proteins in ALS: Exploring the pathogenic wave. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106218. [PMID: 37394036 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), disease symptoms and pathology typically spread in a predictable spatiotemporal pattern beginning at a focal site of onset and progressing along defined neuroanatomical tracts. Like other neurodegenerative diseases, ALS is characterized by the presence of protein aggregates in postmortem patient tissue. Cytoplasmic, ubiquitin-positive aggregates of TDP-43 are observed in approximately 97% of sporadic and familial ALS patients, while SOD1 inclusions are likely specific to cases of SOD1-ALS. Additionally, the most common subtype of familial ALS, caused by a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene (C9-ALS), is further characterized by the presence of aggregated dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). As we will describe, cell-to-cell propagation of these pathological proteins tightly correlates with the contiguous spread of disease. While TDP-43 and SOD1 are capable of seeding protein misfolding and aggregation in a prion-like manner, C9orf72 DPRs appear to induce (and transmit) a 'disease state' more generally. Multiple mechanisms of intercellular transport have been described for all of these proteins, including anterograde and retrograde axonal transport, extracellular vesicle secretion, and macropinocytosis. In addition to neuron-to-neuron transmission, transmission of pathological proteins occurs between neurons and glia. Given that the spread of ALS disease pathology corresponds with the spread of symptoms in patients, the various mechanisms by which ALS-associated protein aggregates propagate through the central nervous system should be closely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - A D Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R S Bedlack
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C L Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - A R La Spada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; UCI Center for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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24
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Ervilha Pereira P, Schuermans N, Meylemans A, LeBlanc P, Versluys L, Copley KE, Rubien JD, Altheimer C, Peetermans M, Debackere E, Vanakker O, Janssens S, Baets J, Verhoeven K, Lammens M, Symoens S, De Paepe B, Barmada SJ, Shorter J, De Bleecker JL, Bogaert E, Dermaut B. C-terminal frameshift variant of TDP-43 with pronounced aggregation-propensity causes rimmed vacuole myopathy but not ALS/FTD. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 145:793-814. [PMID: 37000196 PMCID: PMC10175433 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal TDP-43-positive inclusions are neuropathological hallmark lesions in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Pathogenic missense variants in TARDBP, the gene encoding TDP-43, can cause ALS and cluster in the C-terminal prion-like domain (PrLD), where they modulate the liquid condensation and aggregation properties of the protein. TDP-43-positive inclusions are also found in rimmed vacuole myopathies, including sporadic inclusion body myositis, but myopathy-causing TDP-43 variants have not been reported. Using genome-wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing in an extended five-generation family with an autosomal dominant rimmed vacuole myopathy, we identified a conclusively linked frameshift mutation in TDP-43 producing a C-terminally altered PrLD (TDP-43p.Trp385IlefsTer10) (maximum multipoint LOD-score 3.61). Patient-derived muscle biopsies showed TDP-43-positive sarcoplasmic inclusions, accumulation of autophagosomes and transcriptomes with abnormally spliced sarcomeric genes (including TTN and NEB) and increased expression of muscle regeneration genes. In vitro phase separation assays demonstrated that TDP-43Trp385IlefsTer10 does not form liquid-like condensates and readily forms solid-like fibrils indicating increased aggregation propensity compared to wild-type TDP-43. In Drosophila TDP-43p.Trp385IlefsTer10 behaved as a partial loss-of-function allele as it was able to rescue the TBPH (fly ortholog of TARDBP) neurodevelopmental lethal null phenotype while showing strongly reduced toxic gain-of-function properties upon overexpression. Accordingly, TDP-43p.Trp385IlefsTer10 showed reduced toxicity in a primary rat neuron disease model. Together, these genetic, pathological, in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that TDP-43p.Trp385IlefsTer10 is an aggregation-prone partial loss-of-function variant that causes autosomal dominant vacuolar myopathy but not ALS/FTD. Our study genetically links TDP-43 proteinopathy to myodegeneration, and reveals a tissue-specific role of the PrLD in directing pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ervilha Pereira
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nika Schuermans
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antoon Meylemans
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pontus LeBlanc
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lauren Versluys
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katie E Copley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jack D Rubien
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Myra Peetermans
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Debackere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Vanakker
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kristof Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Sint-Jan Hospital Bruges, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Martin Lammens
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boel De Paepe
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jan L De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Bogaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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25
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Kumar ST, Nazarov S, Porta S, Maharjan N, Cendrowska U, Kabani M, Finamore F, Xu Y, Lee VMY, Lashuel HA. Seeding the aggregation of TDP-43 requires post-fibrillization proteolytic cleavage. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01341-4. [PMID: 37248338 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strong evidence linking the transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregation to the pathogenesis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and several neurodegenerative diseases, our knowledge of the sequence and structural determinants of its aggregation and neurotoxicity remains incomplete. Herein, we present a new method for producing recombinant full-length TDP-43 filaments that exhibit sequence and morphological features similar to those of brain-derived TDP-43 filaments. We show that TDP-43 filaments contain a β-sheet-rich helical amyloid core that is fully buried by the flanking structured domains of the protein. We demonstrate that the proteolytic cleavage of TDP-43 filaments and exposure of this amyloid core are necessary for propagating TDP-43 pathology and enhancing the seeding of brain-derived TDP-43 aggregates. Only TDP-43 filaments with exposed amyloid core efficiently seeded the aggregation of endogenous TDP-43 in cells. These findings suggest that inhibiting the enzymes mediating cleavage of TDP-43 aggregates represents a viable disease-modifying strategy to slow the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil T Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Nazarov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niran Maharjan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Urszula Cendrowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Malek Kabani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Finamore
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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26
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Evangelista BA, Cahalan SR, Ragusa JV, Mordant A, Necarsulmer JC, Perna RJ, Ajit T, White K, Barker NK, Tian X, Cohen S, Meeker R, Herring LE, Cohen TJ. Tandem detergent-extraction and immunoprecipitation of proteinopathy: Scalable enrichment of ALS-associated TDP-43 aggregates. iScience 2023; 26:106645. [PMID: 37182104 PMCID: PMC10173608 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed nucleic acid-binding protein that regulates DNA/RNA metabolism. Genetics and neuropathology studies have linked TDP-43 to several neuromuscular and neurological disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Under pathological conditions, TDP-43 mislocalizes to the cytoplasm where it forms insoluble, hyper-phosphorylated aggregates during disease progression. Here, we optimized a scalable in vitro immuno-purification strategy referred to as tandem detergent-extraction and immunoprecipitation of proteinopathy (TDiP) to isolate TDP-43 aggregates that recapitulate those identified in postmortem ALS tissue. Moreover, we demonstrate that these purified aggregates can be utilized in biochemical, proteomics, and live-cell assays. This platform offers a rapid, accessible, and streamlined approach to study ALS disease mechanisms, while overcoming many limitations that have hampered TDP-43 disease modeling and therapeutic drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baggio A. Evangelista
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shannon R. Cahalan
- Medical Student Training in Aging Research, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joey V. Ragusa
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angie Mordant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie C. Necarsulmer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert J. Perna
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tejazaditya Ajit
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen White
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie K. Barker
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xu Tian
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rick Meeker
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura E. Herring
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Todd J. Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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27
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Afroz T, Chevalier E, Audrain M, Dumayne C, Ziehm T, Moser R, Egesipe AL, Mottier L, Ratnam M, Neumann M, Havas D, Ollier R, Piorkowska K, Chauhan M, Silva AB, Thapa S, Stöhr J, Bavdek A, Eligert V, Adolfsson O, Nelson PT, Porta S, Lee VMY, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Seredenina T. Immunotherapy targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 decreases neuropathology and confers neuroprotection in mouse models of ALS/FTD. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106050. [PMID: 36809847 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective therapies are urgently needed to safely target TDP-43 pathology as it is closely associated with the onset and development of devastating diseases such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, TDP-43 pathology is present as a co-pathology in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Our approach is to develop a TDP-43-specific immunotherapy that exploits Fc gamma-mediated removal mechanisms to limit neuronal damage while maintaining physiological TDP-43 function. Thus, using both in vitro mechanistic studies in conjunction with the rNLS8 and CamKIIa inoculation mouse models of TDP-43 proteinopathy, we identified the key targeting domain in TDP-43 to accomplish these therapeutic objectives. Targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 but not the RNA recognition motifs (RRM) reduces TDP-43 pathology and avoids neuronal loss in vivo. We demonstrate that this rescue is dependent on Fc receptor-mediated immune complex uptake by microglia. Furthermore, monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment enhances phagocytic capacity of ALS patient-derived microglia, providing a mechanism to restore the compromised phagocytic function in ALS and FTD patients. Importantly, these beneficial effects are achieved while preserving physiological TDP-43 activity. Our findings demonstrate that a mAb targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 limits pathology and neurotoxicity, enabling clearance of misfolded TDP-43 through microglia engagement, and supporting the clinical strategy to target TDP-43 by immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: TDP-43 pathology is associated with various devastating neurodegenerative disorders with high unmet medical needs such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, safely and effectively targeting pathological TDP-43 represents a key paradigm for biotechnical research as currently there is little in clinical development. After years of research, we have determined that targeting the C-terminal domain of TDP-43 rescues multiple patho-mechanisms involved in disease progression in two animal models of FTD/ALS. In parallel, importantly, our studies establish that this approach does not alter the physiological functions of this ubiquitously expressed and indispensable protein. Together, our findings substantially contribute to the understanding of TDP-43 pathobiology and support the prioritization for clinical testing of immunotherapy approaches targeting TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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28
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Doke AA, Jha SK. Shapeshifter TDP-43: Molecular mechanism of structural polymorphism, aggregation, phase separation and their modulators. Biophys Chem 2023; 295:106972. [PMID: 36812677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43 is a nucleic acid-binding protein that performs physiologically essential functions and is known to undergo phase separation and aggregation during stress. Initial observations have shown that TDP-43 forms heterogeneous assemblies, including monomer, dimer, oligomers, aggregates, phase-separated assemblies, etc. However, the significance of each assembly of TDP-43 concerning its function, phase separation, and aggregation is poorly known. Furthermore, how different assemblies of TDP-43 are related to each other is unclear. In this review, we focus on the various assemblies of TDP-43 and discuss the plausible origin of the structural heterogeneity of TDP-43. TDP-43 is involved in multiple physiological processes like phase separation, aggregation, prion-like seeding, and performing physiological functions. However, the molecular mechanism behind the physiological process performed by TDP-43 is not well understood. The current review discusses the plausible molecular mechanism of phase separation, aggregation, and prion-like propagation of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha A Doke
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Jha
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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29
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Shenoy J, Lends A, Berbon M, Bilal M, El Mammeri N, Bertoni M, Saad A, Morvan E, Grélard A, Lecomte S, Theillet FX, Buell AK, Kauffmann B, Habenstein B, Loquet A. Structural polymorphism of the low-complexity C-terminal domain of TDP-43 amyloid aggregates revealed by solid-state NMR. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1148302. [PMID: 37065450 PMCID: PMC10095165 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant aggregation of the transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) is associated with several lethal neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions of TDP-43 are enriched in various fragments of the low-complexity C-terminal domain and are associated with different neurotoxicity. Here we dissect the structural basis of TDP-43 polymorphism using magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy in combination with electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrate that various low-complexity C-terminal fragments, namely TDP-13 (TDP-43300–414), TDP-11 (TDP-43300–399), and TDP-10 (TDP-43314–414), adopt distinct polymorphic structures in their amyloid fibrillar state. Our work demonstrates that the removal of less than 10% of the low-complexity sequence at N- and C-termini generates amyloid fibrils with comparable macroscopic features but different local structural arrangement. It highlights that the assembly mechanism of TDP-43, in addition to the aggregation of the hydrophobic region, is also driven by complex interactions involving low-complexity aggregation-prone segments that are a potential source of structural polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishna Shenoy
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Alons Lends
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Mélanie Berbon
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Muhammed Bilal
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Nadia El Mammeri
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Mathilde Bertoni
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Ahmad Saad
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Estelle Morvan
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UAR 3033, Pessac, France
| | - Axelle Grélard
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - François-Xavier Theillet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-surYvette Cedex, France
| | - Alexander K. Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, UAR 3033, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
- *Correspondence: Birgit Habenstein, ; Antoine Loquet,
| | - Antoine Loquet
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, IECB, Pessac, France
- *Correspondence: Birgit Habenstein, ; Antoine Loquet,
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30
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TDP-43 Proteinopathy Specific Biomarker Development. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040597. [PMID: 36831264 PMCID: PMC9954136 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is the primary or secondary pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, half of frontotemporal dementia cases, and limbic age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, which clinically resembles Alzheimer's dementia. In such diseases, a biomarker that can detect TDP-43 proteinopathy in life would help to stratify patients according to their definite diagnosis of pathology, rather than in clinical subgroups of uncertain pathology. For therapies developed to target pathological proteins that cause the disease a biomarker to detect and track the underlying pathology would greatly enhance such undertakings. This article reviews the latest developments and outlooks of deriving TDP-43-specific biomarkers from the pathophysiological processes involved in the development of TDP-43 proteinopathy and studies using biosamples from clinical entities associated with TDP-43 pathology to investigate biomarker candidates.
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31
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Huber RG, Pandey S, Chhangani D, Rincon-Limas DE, Staff NP, Yeo CJJ. Identification of potential pathways and biomarkers linked to progression in ALS. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:150-165. [PMID: 36533811 PMCID: PMC9930436 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for clinical management and clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS We analysed proteomics data of ALS patient-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons available through the AnswerALS consortium. After stratifying patients using clinical ALSFRS-R and ALS-CBS scales, we identified differentially expressed proteins indicative of ALS disease severity and progression rate as candidate ALS-related and prognostic biomarkers. Pathway analysis for identified proteins was performed using STITCH. Protein sets were correlated with the effects of drugs using the Connectivity Map tool to identify compounds likely to affect similar pathways. RNAi screening was performed in a Drosophila TDP-43 ALS model to validate pathological relevance. A statistical classification machine learning model was constructed using ridge regression that uses proteomics data to differentiate ALS patients from controls. RESULTS We identified 76, 21, 71 and 1 candidate ALS-related biomarkers and 22, 41, 27 and 64 candidate prognostic biomarkers from patients stratified by ALSFRS-R baseline, ALSFRS-R progression slope, ALS-CBS baseline and ALS-CBS progression slope, respectively. Nineteen proteins enhanced or suppressed pathogenic eye phenotypes in the ALS fly model. Nutraceuticals, dopamine pathway modulators, statins, anti-inflammatories and antimicrobials were predicted starting points for drug repurposing using the connectivity map tool. Ten diagnostic biomarker proteins were predicted by machine learning to identify ALS patients with high accuracy and sensitivity. INTERPRETATION This study showcases the powerful approach of iPSC-motor neuron proteomics combined with machine learning and biological confirmation in the prediction of novel mechanisms and diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland G Huber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Matrix #07-01, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Swapnil Pandey
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Deepak Chhangani
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Diego E Rincon-Limas
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
| | - Crystal Jing Jing Yeo
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), IMCB, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College London and NTU Singapore, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, AB243FX, Scotland, UK
- National Neuroscience Institute, TTSH Campus, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
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32
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Metamorphism in TDP-43 prion-like domain determines chaperone recognition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:466. [PMID: 36709343 PMCID: PMC9884275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding protein TDP-43 forms cytoplasmic inclusions via its C-terminal prion-like domain in several neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant TDP-43 aggregation arises upon phase de-mixing and transitions from liquid to solid states, following still unknown structural conversions which are primed by oxidative stress and chaperone inhibition. Despite the well-established protective roles for molecular chaperones against protein aggregation pathologies, knowledge on the determinants of chaperone recognition in disease-related prions is scarce. Here we show that chaperones and co-chaperones primarily recognize the structured elements in TDP-43´s prion-like domain. Significantly, while HSP70 and HSP90 chaperones promote TDP-43 phase separation, co-chaperones from the three classes of the large human HSP40 family (namely DNAJA2, DNAJB1, DNAJB4 and DNAJC7) show strikingly different effects on TDP-43 de-mixing. Dismantling of the second helical element in TDP-43 prion-like domain by methionine sulfoxidation impacts phase separation and amyloid formation, abrogates chaperone recognition and alters phosphorylation by casein kinase-1δ. Our results show that metamorphism in the post-translationally modified TDP-43 prion-like domain encodes determinants that command mechanisms with major relevance in disease.
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33
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Estaun-Panzano J, Arotcarena ML, Bezard E. Monitoring α-synuclein aggregation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105966. [PMID: 36527982 PMCID: PMC9875312 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), are characterized by the misfolding and subsequent aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) that accumulates in cytoplasmic inclusions bodies in the cells of affected brain regions. Since the seminal report of likely-aggregated α-syn presence within the Lewy bodies by Spillantini et al. in 1997, the keyword "synuclein aggregation" has appeared in over 6000 papers (Source: PubMed October 2022). Studying, observing, describing, and quantifying α-syn aggregation is therefore of paramount importance, whether it happens in tubo, in vitro, in post-mortem samples, or in vivo. The past few years have witnessed tremendous progress in understanding aggregation mechanisms and identifying various polymorphs. In this context of growing complexity, it is of utmost importance to understand what tools we possess, what exact information they provide, and in what context they may be applied. Nonetheless, it is also crucial to rationalize the relevance of the information and the limitations of these methods for gauging the final result. In this review, we present the main techniques that have shaped the current views about α-syn structure and dynamics, with particular emphasis on the recent breakthroughs that may change our understanding of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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34
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Cooper‐Knock J, Julian TH, Feneberg E, Highley JR, Sidra M, Turner MR, Talbot K, Ansorge O, Allen SP, Moll T, Shelkovnikova T, Castelli L, Hautbergue GM, Hewitt C, Kirby J, Wharton SB, Mead RJ, Shaw PJ. Atypical TDP-43 protein expression in an ALS pedigree carrying a p.Y374X truncation mutation in TARDBP. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13104. [PMID: 35871544 PMCID: PMC9836368 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe an autosomal dominant, multi-generational, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pedigree in which disease co-segregates with a heterozygous p.Y374X nonsense mutation within TDP-43. Mislocalization of TDP-43 and formation of insoluble TDP-43-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions is the hallmark pathology in >95% of ALS patients. Neuropathological examination of the single case for which CNS tissue was available indicated typical TDP-43 pathology within lower motor neurons, but classical TDP-43-positive inclusions were absent from motor cortex. The mutated allele is transcribed and translated in patient fibroblasts and motor cortex tissue, but overall TDP-43 protein expression is reduced compared to wild-type controls. Despite absence of TDP-43-positive inclusions we confirmed deficient TDP-43 splicing function within motor cortex tissue. Furthermore, urea fractionation and mass spectrometry of motor cortex tissue carrying the mutation revealed atypical TDP-43 protein species but not typical C-terminal fragments. We conclude that the p.Y374X mutation underpins a monogenic, fully penetrant form of ALS. Reduced expression of TDP-43 combined with atypical TDP-43 protein species and absent C-terminal fragments extends the molecular phenotypes associated with TDP-43 mutations and with ALS more broadly. Future work will need to include the findings from this pedigree in dissecting the mechanisms of TDP-43-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Cooper‐Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Thomas H. Julian
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Emily Feneberg
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Neurology Department, Klinikum Rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - J. Robin Highley
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Maurice Sidra
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Martin R. Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Academic Unit of NeuropathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Scott P. Allen
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Tobias Moll
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Tatyana Shelkovnikova
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Lydia Castelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Guillaume M. Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Christopher Hewitt
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Amarin UK LimitedAmarin CorporationLondonUK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Stephen B. Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Richard J. Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN)University of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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35
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Proteomics of the dentate gyrus reveals semantic dementia specific molecular pathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:190. [PMID: 36578035 PMCID: PMC9795759 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic dementia (SD) is a clinical subtype of frontotemporal dementia consistent with the neuropathological diagnosis frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) TDP type C, with characteristic round TDP-43 protein inclusions in the dentate gyrus. Despite this striking clinicopathological concordance, the pathogenic mechanisms are largely unexplained forestalling the development of targeted therapeutics. To address this, we carried out laser capture microdissection of the dentate gyrus of 15 SD patients and 17 non-demented controls, and assessed relative protein abundance changes by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. To identify SD specific proteins, we compared our results to eight other FTLD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) proteomic datasets of cortical brain tissue, parallel with functional enrichment analyses and protein-protein interactions (PPI). Of the total 5,354 quantified proteins, 151 showed differential abundance in SD patients (adjusted P-value < 0.01). Seventy-nine proteins were considered potentially SD specific as these were not detected, or demonstrated insignificant or opposite change in FTLD/AD. Functional enrichment indicated an overrepresentation of pathways related to the immune response, metabolic processes, and cell-junction assembly. PPI analysis highlighted a cluster of interacting proteins associated with adherens junction and cadherin binding, the cadherin-catenin complex. Multiple proteins in this complex showed significant upregulation in SD, including β-catenin (CTNNB1), γ-catenin (JUP), and N-cadherin (CDH2), which were not observed in other neurodegenerative proteomic studies, and hence may resemble SD specific involvement. A trend of upregulation of all three proteins was observed by immunoblotting of whole hippocampus tissue, albeit only significant for N-cadherin. In summary, we discovered a specific increase of cell adhesion proteins in SD constituting the cadherin-catenin complex at the synaptic membrane, essential for synaptic signaling. Although further investigation and validation are warranted, we anticipate that these findings will help unravel the disease processes underlying SD.
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36
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Raghunathan R, Turajane K, Wong LC. Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Proteomics Spotlight on ALS and Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169299. [PMID: 36012563 PMCID: PMC9409485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are both characterized by pathogenic protein aggregates that correlate with the progressive degeneration of neurons and the loss of behavioral functions. Both diseases lack biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Proteomics is an unbiased quantitative tool capable of the high throughput quantitation of thousands of proteins from minimal sample volumes. We review recent proteomic studies in human tissues, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and exosomes in ALS and PD that identify proteins with potential utility as biomarkers. Further, we review disease-related post-translational modifications in key proteins TDP43 in ALS and α-synuclein in PD studies, which may serve as biomarkers. We compare relative and absolute quantitative proteomic approaches in key biomarker studies in ALS and PD and discuss recent technological advancements which may identify suitable biomarkers for the early-diagnosis treatment efficacy of these diseases.
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37
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Mori K, Ikeda M. Biological basis and psychiatric symptoms in frontotemporal dementia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:351-360. [PMID: 35557018 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by focal degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes, clinically presenting with disinhibited behavior, personality changes, progressive non-fluent aphasia and/or impaired semantic memory. Research progress has been made in re-organizing the clinical concept of frontotemporal dementia and neuropathological classification based on multiple accumulating proteins. Alongside this progress a list of genetic mutations or variants that are causative or increase the risk of frontotemporal dementia have been identified and some of these gene products are extensively studied. However, there are still a lot of points that need to be overcome, including lack of specific diagnostic biomarker which enable antemortem diagnosis of underlying neurodegenerative process, and lack of disease modifying therapy which could prevent disease progression. Early and precise diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia is urgently required. In this context, how to define prodromal frontotemporal dementia and early differential diagnosis from primary psychiatric disorders are also important issues. In this review we will summarize and discuss current understanding of biological basis and psychiatric symptoms in frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Mori
- Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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38
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Zhu Y, Afolabi LO, Wan X, Shim JS, Chen L. TRIM family proteins: roles in proteostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. Open Biol 2022; 12:220098. [PMID: 35946309 PMCID: PMC9364147 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a diverse group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central or peripheral nervous systems. One of the major features of NDs, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), is the aggregation of specific misfolded proteins, which induces cellular dysfunction, neuronal death, loss of synaptic connections and eventually brain damage. By far, a great amount of evidence has suggested that TRIM family proteins play crucial roles in the turnover of normal regulatory and misfolded proteins. To maintain cellular protein quality control, cells rely on two major classes of proteostasis: molecular chaperones and the degradative systems, the latter includes the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy; and their dysfunction has been established to result in various physiological disorders including NDs. Emerging evidence has shown that TRIM proteins are key players in facilitating the clearance of misfolded protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the different pathways these TRIM proteins employ during episodes of neurodegenerative disorder represents a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we elucidated and summarized the diverse roles with underlying mechanisms of members of the TRIM family proteins in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
| | - Lukman O Afolabi
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shenzhen Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, People's Republic of China
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39
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Liu T, Woo JAA, Bukhari MZ, Wang X, Yan Y, Buosi SC, Ermekbaeva A, Sista A, Kotsiviras P, LePochat P, Chacko A, Zhao X, Kang DE. Modulation of synaptic plasticity, motor unit physiology, and TDP-43 pathology by CHCHD10. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:95. [PMID: 35787294 PMCID: PMC9254494 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CHCHD10, a gene coding for a mitochondrial intermembrane space protein, are associated with Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spectrum disorders, which are pathologically characterized by cytoplasmic inclusions containing TDP-43. FTD/ALS-linked CHCHD10 mutations and TDP-43 inclusions similarly induce mitochondrial defects in respiration, fusion/fission, mtDNA stability, and cristae structure, while sizeable amounts of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates are found in mitochondria. However, the mechanistic link between CHCHD10 and TDP-43 pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we present immunohistochemical and biochemical evidence demonstrating that insoluble CHCHD10 aggregates accumulate and colocalize with phospho-TDP-43 inclusions in brains of FTLD-TDP and AD patients, and that insoluble CHCHD10 levels tightly correlate with insoluble TDP-43 levels in control and FTLD-TDP brains. In an experimental exploration of this pathological phenotype, transgenic mice neuronally expressing FTD/ALS-linked CHCHD10R15L or CHCHDS59L mutations but not CHCHD10WT transgenic mice exhibit significantly increased CHCHD10 aggregation and phospho-TDP-43 pathology, which often colocalize within the same inclusions. Such pathologies are reflected in poor functional outcomes in long-term synaptic plasticity, motor unit physiology, and behavior in CHCHD10R15L and CHCHDS59L transgenic mice. In contrast, expression of CHCHD10WT in hTDP-43 transgenic mice (TAR4;CHCHD10WT) significantly mitigates phospho-TDP-43 pathology and rescues TDP-43-induced impairments in synaptic integrity and long-term synaptic plasticity. In isolated mitochondria, the S59L mutation induces the aggregation of resident CHCHD10S59L protein as well as the aggregation and slower turnover of recombinant TDP-43 imported into mitochondria. Likewise, in an in vitro cell-free system, the S59L mutation induces the aggregation of CHCHD10S59L protein while simultaneously enhancing the aggregation of recombinant TDP-43, as evidenced by filter trap assays and atomic force microscopy. In contrast, recombinant CHCHD10WT inhibits the growth of TDP-43 aggregates. These results in human brains, transgenic mice, and in vitro systems substantiate the role of wild type and mutant CHCHD10 in modulating mitochondrial CHCHD10 and TDP-43 pathogenesis together with associated phenotypes in long-term synaptic plasticity and motor unit physiology in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Mohammed Zaheen Bukhari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Sara Cazzaro Buosi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Aizara Ermekbaeva
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Apoorva Sista
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Peter Kotsiviras
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Patrick LePochat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Ann Chacko
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - David E Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Louis Strokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Center & Research Institute, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
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40
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Tarutani A, Adachi T, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Hasegawa K, Saito Y, Robinson AC, Mann DMA, Yoshida M, Murayama S, Hasegawa M. Ultrastructural and biochemical classification of pathogenic tau, α-synuclein and TDP-43. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:613-640. [PMID: 35513543 PMCID: PMC9107452 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular accumulation of abnormal proteins with conformational changes is the defining neuropathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases. The pathogenic proteins that accumulate in patients' brains adopt an amyloid-like fibrous structure and exhibit various ultrastructural features. The biochemical analysis of pathogenic proteins in sarkosyl-insoluble fractions extracted from patients' brains also shows disease-specific features. Intriguingly, these ultrastructural and biochemical features are common within the same disease group. These differences among the pathogenic proteins extracted from patients' brains have important implications for definitive diagnosis of the disease, and also suggest the existence of pathogenic protein strains that contribute to the heterogeneity of pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent experimental evidence has shown that prion-like propagation of these pathogenic proteins from host cells to recipient cells underlies the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The reproduction of the pathological features that characterize each disease in cellular and animal models of prion-like propagation also implies that the structural differences in the pathogenic proteins are inherited in a prion-like manner. In this review, we summarize the ultrastructural and biochemical features of pathogenic proteins extracted from the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases that accumulate abnormal forms of tau, α-synuclein, and TDP-43, and we discuss how these disease-specific properties are maintained in the brain, based on recent experimental insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Tarutani
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tadashi Adachi
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Department of Neuropathology, Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - David M A Mann
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Salford Royal Hospital, The University of Manchester, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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41
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Amyloid fibrils in FTLD-TDP are composed of TMEM106B and not TDP-43. Nature 2022; 605:304-309. [PMID: 35344984 PMCID: PMC9844993 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the third most common neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases1. FTLD typically presents in 45 to 64 year olds with behavioural changes or progressive decline of language skills2. The subtype FTLD-TDP is characterized by certain clinical symptoms and pathological neuronal inclusions with TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) immunoreactivity3. Here we extracted amyloid fibrils from brains of four patients representing four of the five FTLD-TDP subclasses, and determined their structures by cryo-electron microscopy. Unexpectedly, all amyloid fibrils examined were composed of a 135-residue carboxy-terminal fragment of transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B), a lysosomal membrane protein previously implicated as a genetic risk factor for FTLD-TDP4. In addition to TMEM106B fibrils, we detected abundant non-fibrillar aggregated TDP-43 by immunogold labelling. Our observations confirm that FTLD-TDP is associated with amyloid fibrils, and that the fibrils are formed by TMEM106B rather than TDP-43.
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42
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Mesulam MM, Coventry CA, Bigio EH, Sridhar J, Gill N, Fought AJ, Zhang H, Thompson CK, Geula C, Gefen T, Flanagan M, Mao Q, Weintraub S, Rogalski EJ. Neuropathological fingerprints of survival, atrophy and language in primary progressive aphasia. Brain 2022; 145:2133-2148. [PMID: 35441216 PMCID: PMC9246707 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia is a neurodegenerative disease that selectively impairs language without equivalent impairment of speech, memory or comportment. In 118 consecutive autopsies on patients with primary progressive aphasia, primary diagnosis was Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes (ADNC) in 42%, corticobasal degeneration or progressive supranuclear palsy neuropathology in 24%, Pick's disease neuropathology in 10%, transactive response DNA binding proteinopathy type A [TDP(A)] in 10%, TDP(C) in 11% and infrequent entities in 3%. Survival was longest in TDP(C) (13.2 ± 2.6 years) and shortest in TDP(A) (7.1 ± 2.4 years). A subset of 68 right-handed participants entered longitudinal investigations. They were classified as logopenic, agrammatic/non-fluent or semantic by quantitative algorithms. Each variant had a preferred but not invariant neuropathological correlate. Seventy-seven per cent of logopenics had ADNC, 56% of agrammatics had corticobasal degeneration/progressive supranuclear palsy or Pick's disease and 89% of semantics had TDP(C). Word comprehension impairments had strong predictive power for determining underlying neuropathology positively for TDP(C) and negatively for ADNC. Cortical atrophy was smallest in corticobasal degeneration/progressive supranuclear palsy and largest in TDP(A). Atrophy encompassed posterior frontal but not temporoparietal cortex in corticobasal degeneration/progressive supranuclear palsy, anterior temporal but not frontoparietal cortex in TDP(C), temporofrontal but not parietal cortex in Pick's disease and all three lobes with ADNC or TDP(A). There were individual deviations from these group patterns, accounting for less frequent clinicopathologic associations. The one common denominator was progressive asymmetric atrophy overwhelmingly favouring the left hemisphere language network. Comparisons of ADNC in typical amnestic versus atypical aphasic dementia and of TDP in type A versus type C revealed fundamental biological and clinical differences, suggesting that members of each pair may constitute distinct clinicopathologic entities despite identical downstream proteinopathies. Individual TDP(C) participants with unilateral left temporal atrophy displayed word comprehension impairments without additional object recognition deficits, helping to dissociate semantic primary progressive aphasia from semantic dementia. When common and uncommon associations were considered in the set of 68 participants, one neuropathology was found to cause multiple clinical subtypes, and one subtype of primary progressive aphasia to be caused by multiple neuropathologies, but with different probabilities. Occasionally, expected clinical manifestations of atrophy sites were absent, probably reflecting individual peculiarities of language organization. The hemispheric asymmetry of neurodegeneration and resultant language impairment in primary progressive aphasia reflect complex interactions among the cellular affinities of the degenerative disease, the constitutive biology of language cortex, familial or developmental vulnerabilities of this network and potential idiosyncrasies of functional anatomy in the affected individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marsel Mesulam
- Correspondence to: M. Mesulam 330 East Superior St, Tarry-8 Chicago, IL 60611, USA E-mail:
| | - Christina A Coventry
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jaiashre Sridhar
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathan Gill
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Angela J Fought
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado-Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cynthia K Thompson
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,School of Communication, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Margaret Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Emily J Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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43
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Neurodegenerative Disease-Associated TDP-43 Fragments Are Extracellularly Secreted with CASA Complex Proteins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030516. [PMID: 35159325 PMCID: PMC8833957 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a central role in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) since they may either spread the pathology or contribute to the intracellular protein quality control (PQC) system for the cellular clearance of NDs-associated proteins. Here, we investigated the crosstalk between large (LVs) and small (SVs) EVs and PQC in the disposal of TDP-43 and its FTLD and ALS-associated C-terminal fragments (TDP-35 and TDP-25). By taking advantage of neuronal cells (NSC-34 cells), we demonstrated that both EVs types, but particularly LVs, contained TDP-43, TDP-35 and TDP-25. When the PQC system was inhibited, as it occurs in NDs, we found that TDP-35 and TDP-25 secretion via EVs increased. In line with this observation, we specifically detected TDP-35 in EVs derived from plasma of FTLD patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that both neuronal and plasma-derived EVs transported components of the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) complex (HSP70, BAG3 and HSPB8). Neuronal EVs also contained the autophagy-related MAP1LC3B-II protein. Notably, we found that, under PQC inhibition, HSPB8, BAG3 and MAP1LC3B-II secretion paralleled that of TDP-43 species. Taken together, our data highlight the role of EVs, particularly of LVs, in the disposal of disease-associated TDP-43 species, and suggest a possible new role for the CASA complex in NDs.
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44
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Carey JL, Guo L. Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of TDP-43 and FUS in Physiology and Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:826719. [PMID: 35187086 PMCID: PMC8847598 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.826719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation of RNA-binding proteins mediates the formation of numerous membraneless organelles with essential cellular function. However, aberrant phase transition of these proteins leads to the formation of insoluble protein aggregates, which are pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases including ALS and FTD. TDP-43 and FUS are two such RNA-binding proteins that mislocalize and aggregate in patients of ALS and FTD. They have similar domain structures that provide multivalent interactions driving their phase separation in vitro and in the cellular environment. In this article, we review the factors that mediate and regulate phase separation of TDP-43 and FUS. We also review evidences that connect the phase separation property of TDP-43 and FUS to their functional roles in cells. Aberrant phase transition of TDP-43 and FUS leads to protein aggregation and disrupts their regular cell function. Therefore, restoration of functional protein phase of TDP-43 and FUS could be beneficial for neuronal cells. We discuss possible mechanisms for TDP-43 and FUS aberrant phase transition and aggregation while reviewing the methods that are currently being explored as potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate aberrant phase transition and aggregation of TDP-43 and FUS.
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Awa S, Suzuki G, Masuda-Suzukake M, Nonaka T, Saito M, Hasegawa M. Phosphorylation of endogenous α-synuclein induced by extracellular seeds initiates at the pre-synaptic region and spreads to the cell body. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1163. [PMID: 35064139 PMCID: PMC8782830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregates has been implicated in several diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and is thought to spread in a prion-like manner. Elucidating the mechanisms of prion-like transmission of α-synuclein is important for the development of therapies for these diseases, but little is known about the details. Here, we injected α-synuclein fibrils into the brains of wild-type mice and examined the early phase of the induction of phosphorylated α-synuclein accumulation. We found that phosphorylated α-synuclein appeared within a few days after the intracerebral injection. It was observed initially in presynaptic regions and subsequently extended its localization to axons and cell bodies. These results suggest that extracellular α-synuclein fibrils are taken up into the presynaptic region and seed-dependently convert the endogenous normal α-synuclein that is abundant there to an abnormal phosphorylated form, which is then transported through the axon to the cell body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Awa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genjiro Suzuki
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masami Masuda-Suzukake
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Saito
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Correlative Study in Physics and Chemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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46
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Agrawal I, Tripathi P, Biswas S. Mass Spectrometry Based Protein Biomarkers and Drug Target Discovery and Clinical Diagnosis in Age-Related Progressing Neurodegenerative Diseases. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:22-36. [PMID: 35038284 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2029475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases correspond to overly complex health disorders that are driven by intersecting pathophysiology that are often trapped in vicious cycles of degeneration and cognitive decline. The usual diagnostic route of these diseases is based on postmortem examination that involves identifying pathology that is specific to the disease in the brain. However, in such cases, accurate diagnosis of the specific disease is limited because clinical disease presentations are often complex that do not easily allow to discriminate patient's cognitive, behavioral, and functional impairment profiles. Additionally, an early identification and therapeutic intervention of these diseases is pivotal to slow the progression of neurodegeneration and extend healthy life span. Mass spectrometry-based techniques have proven to be hugely promising in biological sample analysis and discovery of biomarkers including protein and peptide biomarkers for potential drug target discovery. Recent studies on these biomarkers have demonstrated their potential for applications in early diagnostics and identifying therapeutic targets to battle against neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have presented principles of mass spectrometry (MS) and the associated workflows in analyzing and imaging biological samples for discovery of biomarkers. We have especially focused on age- related progressing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the related MS-based biomarkers developments for these diseases. Finally, we present a future perspective discussing the potential research directions ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Agrawal
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pallavi Tripathi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Shyamasri Biswas
- USA Prime Biotech LLC, 1330 NW 6th St., Suite A-2, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
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47
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Laferrière F, Claverol S, Bezard E, De Giorgi F, Ichas F. Similar neuronal imprint and no cross-seeded fibrils in α-synuclein aggregates from MSA and Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:10. [PMID: 35027576 PMCID: PMC8758785 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregated alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a principal constituent of Lewy bodies (LBs) and glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) observed respectively inside neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and oligodendrocytes in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Yet, the cellular origin, the pathophysiological role, and the mechanism of formation of these inclusions bodies (IBs) remain to be elucidated. It has recently been proposed that α-syn IBs eventually cause the demise of the host cell by virtue of the cumulative sequestration of partner proteins and organelles. In particular, the hypothesis of a local cross-seeding of other fibrillization-prone proteins like tau or TDP-43 has also been put forward. We submitted sarkosyl-insoluble extracts of post-mortem brain tissue from PD, MSA and control subjects to a comparative proteomic analysis to address these points. Our studies indicate that: (i) α-syn is by far the most enriched protein in PD and MSA extracts compared to controls; (ii) PD and MSA extracts share a striking overlap of their sarkosyl-insoluble proteomes, consisting of a vast majority of mitochondrial and neuronal synaptic proteins, and (iii) other fibrillization-prone protein candidates possibly cross-seeded by α-syn are neither found in PD nor MSA extracts. Thus, our results (i) support the idea that pre-assembled building blocks originating in neurons serve to the formation of GCIs in MSA, (ii) show no sign of amyloid cross-seeding in either synucleinopathy, and (iii) point to the sequestration of mitochondria and of neuronal synaptic components in both LBs and GCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Laferrière
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France. .,Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesca De Giorgi
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, U-1084, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - François Ichas
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France. .,Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France. .,INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, U-1084, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
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48
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Sahadevan S, Pérez-Berlanga M, Polymenidou M. Identification of RNA-RBP Interactions in Subcellular Compartments by CLIP-Seq. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2428:305-323. [PMID: 35171488 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1975-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linking immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq) allows the identification of RNA targets bound by a specific RNA-binding protein (RBP) in in vivo and ex vivo experimental models with high specificity. Due to the little RNA yield obtained after cross-linking, immunoprecipitation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, membrane transfer, and RNA extraction, CLIP-seq is usually performed from relatively large amounts of starting material, like cell lysates or tissue homogenates. However, RBP binding of its specific RNA targets depends on its subcellular localization, and a different set of RNAs may be bound by the same RBP within distinct subcellular sites. To uncover these RNA subsets, preparation of CLIP-seq libraries from specific subcellular compartments and comparison to CLIP-seq datasets from total lysates is necessary, yet there are currently no available protocols for this. Here we describe the adaptation of CLIP-seq to identify the specific RNA targets of an RBP (FUS) at a small subcompartment, that is, neuronal synapses, including subcompartment isolation, RBP-RNA complex enrichment, and upscaling steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Sahadevan
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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TDP-43 pathology: from noxious assembly to therapeutic removal. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 211:102229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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50
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Arseni D, Hasegawa M, Murzin AG, Kametani F, Arai M, Yoshida M, Ryskeldi-Falcon B. Structure of pathological TDP-43 filaments from ALS with FTLD. Nature 2022; 601:139-143. [PMID: 34880495 PMCID: PMC7612255 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) in neurons and glia is the defining pathological hallmark of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)1,2. It is also common in other diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. No disease-modifying therapies exist for these conditions and early diagnosis is not possible. The structures of pathological TDP-43 aggregates are unknown. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of aggregated TDP-43 in the frontal and motor cortices of an individual who had ALS with FTLD and from the frontal cortex of a second individual with the same diagnosis. An identical amyloid-like filament structure comprising a single protofilament was found in both brain regions and individuals. The ordered filament core spans residues 282-360 in the TDP-43 low-complexity domain and adopts a previously undescribed double-spiral-shaped fold, which shows no similarity to those of TDP-43 filaments formed in vitro3,4. An abundance of glycine and neutral polar residues facilitates numerous turns and restricts β-strand length, which results in an absence of β-sheet stacking that is associated with cross-β amyloid structure. An uneven distribution of residues gives rise to structurally and chemically distinct surfaces that face external densities and suggest possible ligand-binding sites. This work enhances our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of ALS and FTLD and informs the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents that target aggregated TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Arseni
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
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