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da Silva FC, Martinho ACC, Ferreira HSV, Siqueira RP, Arruda VM, Guerra JFDC, de Souza MLDR, Landin ES, Rezende Júnior CDO, de Araújo TG. A Novel Compound from the Phenylsulfonylpiperazine Class: Evaluation of In Vitro Activity on Luminal Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:4471. [PMID: 39339466 PMCID: PMC11433764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, and is characterized by its histological and molecular heterogeneity. Luminal BC is an estrogen receptor-positive subtype, with varied clinical courses. Although BC patients are eligible for hormone therapy, both early and late relapses still occur, and thus there is a demand for new cytotoxic and selective treatment strategies for these patients. In the present study, inspired by the structure of phenylsulfonylpiperazine, a series of 20 derivatives were tested in bioassays against MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 BC cells to discover new hit compounds. After 48 h of treatment, 12 derivatives impaired cell viability and presented significant IC50 values against at least one of the tumor lineages. Overall, the luminal BC cell line MCF7 was more sensitive to treatments. Compound 3, (4-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenyl)(4-((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)methanone, was the most promising, with IC50 = 4.48 μM and selective index (SI) = 35.6 in MCF7 cells. Compound 3 also presented significant antimigratory and antiproliferative activities against luminal BC cells, possibly by affecting the expression of genes involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition mechanism, upregulating E-Cadherin transcripts (CDH1). Our findings suggest that phenylsulfonylpiperazine derivatives are potential candidates for the development of new therapies, especially those targeting luminal BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cardoso da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Cassiano Martinho
- Laboratory of Drug Candidate Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Marques Arruda
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Joyce Ferreira da Costa Guerra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Dos Reis de Souza
- Laboratory of Drug Candidate Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Emanuelly Silva Landin
- Laboratory of Drug Candidate Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior
- Laboratory of Drug Candidate Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaise Gonçalves de Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405-302, MG, Brazil
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Deswal B, Bagchi U, Santra MK, Garg M, Kapoor S. Inhibition of STAT3 by 2-Methoxyestradiol suppresses M2 polarization and protumoral functions of macrophages in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1129. [PMID: 39256694 PMCID: PMC11389501 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor stroma is known to be correlated with reduced overall survival. The inhibitors of TAMs are sought after for reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is well known to contribute in pro-tumoral properties of TAMs. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), a potent anticancer and antiangiogenic agent, has been in clinical trials for treatment of breast cancer. Here, we investigated the potential of 2ME2 in modulating the pro-tumoral effects of TAMs in breast cancer. METHODS THP-1-derived macrophages were polarized to macrophages with or without 2ME2. The effect of 2ME2 on macrophage surface markers and anti-inflammatory genes was determined by Western blotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, qRT‒PCR. The concentration of cytokines secreted by cells was monitored by ELISA. The effect of M2 macrophages on malignant properties of breast cancer cells was determined using colony formation, wound healing, transwell, and gelatin zymography assays. An orthotopic model of breast cancer was used to determine the effect of 2ME2 on macrophage polarization and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS First, our study found that polarization of monocytes to alternatively activated M2 macrophages is associated with the reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. At lower concentrations, 2ME2 treatment depolymerized microtubules and reduced the expression of CD206 and CD163, suggesting that it inhibits the polarization of macrophages to M2 phenotype. However, the M1 polarization was not significantly affected at these concentrations. Importantly, 2ME2 inhibited the expression of several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, including CCL18, TGF-β, IL-10, FNT, arginase, CXCL12, MMP9, and VEGF-A, and hindered the metastasis-promoting effects of M2 macrophages. Concurrently, 2ME2 treatment reduced the expression of CD163 in tumors and inhibited lung metastasis in the orthotopic breast cancer model. Mechanistically, 2ME2 treatment reduced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, an effect which was abrogated by colivelin. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents novel findings on mechanism of 2ME2 from the perspective of its effects on the polarization of the TAMs via the STAT3 signaling in breast cancer. Altogether, the data supports further clinical investigation of 2ME2 and its derivatives as therapeutic agents to modulate the tumor microenvironment and immune response in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Deswal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Urmi Bagchi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Campus Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
| | - Sonia Kapoor
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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Jia X, Zhao Y, Li Q, Lu X, Wang X, Wang H, Shi Z, Xu Y, Huang B, Huang F, Wang Y. Targeted Inhibition of p21 Promotes the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells and Impairs the Tumor-Killing Effect of the Vaccinia Virus. J Breast Cancer 2024; 27:27.e28. [PMID: 39344409 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2024.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vaccinia virus is widely used as an oncolytic agent for human cancer therapy, and several versions of vaccinia virus have demonstrated robust antitumor effects in breast cancer. Most vaccinia viruses are modified by thymidine kinase (TK) deletion. The function of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in breast cancer remains controversial. We explored the impact of p21 gene knockdown (KD) on breast cancer cells and whether p21 KD interferes with the antitumor effect of TK-negative vaccinia virus. METHODS p21 KD MDA-MB-231 and p21 KD MCF-7 cells were prepared, and cell proliferation and migration rates were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and scratch healing assays. The tumor growth of xenografts originating from p21KD MDA-MB-231 cells and control cells was compared in a mouse model. The colony formation and sphere-forming abilities of p21 KD breast cancer cells were also determined using low-melting agarose and serum-free culture. The tumor-killing effect of the vaccinia virus was determined in breast cancer cells and mouse models using an MTT assay and tumor cell xenografts. RESULTS p21 KD increased the growth and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells and promoted the cell growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in mice, while decreasing the colony formation and sphere formation abilities. Expression of TK was reduced in p21 KD MDA-MB-231 cells. Oncolytic effects of both wild-type and TK-deleted vaccinia viruses were attenuated in p21KD MDA-MB-231 cells. The tumor-killing effect of TK-deleted vaccinia virus was also weakened in xenografted mice bearing p21 KD MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION Targeted inhibition of p21 accelerates the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and impairs the tumor-killing effect of vaccinia virus, suggesting that p21 levels in cancer cells interfere with vaccinia virus oncolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaming Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Oncology Department, Zhejiang Xiaoshan HospitaI, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Oncology Department, Zhejiang Xiaoshan HospitaI, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Shi
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yipeng Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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Lawrence PT, Daniels AS, Tierney AJ, Sykes ECH, Mace CR. Ligand Shell Thickness of PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles Controls Cellular Uptake and Radiation Enhancement. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36847-36856. [PMID: 39220474 PMCID: PMC11360023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The drive to improve the safety and efficacy of radiotherapies for cancers has prompted the development of nanomaterials that can locally amplify the radiation dose at a tumor without damaging the surrounding healthy tissue. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), in particular, exhibit promising radiosensitizing properties under kilovolt X-ray exposure, although the precise mechanism behind this enhancement is not fully understood. While most studies recognize the involvement of factors such as core composition, size, shape, and ligand chemistry in the effectiveness of Au NPs for radiation-induced cancer treatment, there is a scarcity of direct assessments that connect the photophysical properties of the nanomaterial with the observed cellular or biological outcomes. Despite previous evidence of low-energy electron (LEE) emission from Au NPs and their potential to initiate biological damage, to our knowledge, no studies directly correlate the secondary LEE emission with radiation-induced cell death. In this study we assessed Au NPs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands of varying molecular weights and lengths (1, 5, and 20 kDa PEG) as potential radiosensitizers of A549 lung cancer cells using kilovolt X-ray source potentials (33-130 kVp). We assessed NP internalization using mass cytometry, radiation dose enhancement using clonogenic survival assays, and secondary LEE emission using a retarding field analyzer. Results reveal a statistically significant difference in cellular uptake and radiation dose enhancement for 5 kDa PEG-Au NPs compared to formulations using 1 and 20 kDa PEG, while analysis of secondary LEE emission spectra demonstrated that differences in the length of the PEG ligand did not cause statistically significant attenuation of secondary LEE flux. Consequently, we inferred increased cellular uptake of NPs to be the cause for the observed enhancement in radiosensitivity for 5 kDa PEGylated Au NPs. The approach used in this study establishes a more complete workflow for designing and characterizing the performance of nanomaterial radiosensitizers, allowing for quantification of secondary LEEs and cellular uptake, and ultimately correlation with localized dose enhancement that leads to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Avery S. Daniels
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Allison J. Tierney
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - E. Charles H. Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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5
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Marquez J, Dong J, Hayashi J, Serrero G. Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN) Expression Correlates With a Metastatic-like Phenotype in Epidermoid Carcinoma, Pediatric Medulloblastoma, and Mesothelioma. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30616. [PMID: 38924562 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (PTGFRN) is a transmembrane protein associated with metastatic characteristics of certain cancer types. However, it remains poorly characterized and its direct function in cancer remains unclear. The study presented here aims to further examine whether PTGFRN expression affects a cancer cell's phenotype, as well as metastatic-like characteristics. We used stable shRNA and cDNA transfections to respectively knockdown and overexpress PTGFRN in three different cancer cell lines, two of which are representative of rare and aggressive cancers (Mesothelioma and Pediatric Medulloblastoma). We then examined the characteristics of the resulting clones and showed a decrease in proliferation, migration, colony formation, and spheroid growth capabilities in cells where PTGFRN expression had been inhibited, while cells overexpressing PTGFRN showed the opposite. In addition, we showed that PTGFRN displayed direct binding to two protein partners, Integrin β1 and E. Cadherin, the latter of which is a novel direct binding partner to PTGFRN. Furthermore, silencing PTGFRN expression impacted the cellular process of autophagy, thereby providing another avenue by which PTGFRN potentially contributes to a cancer cell phenotype. Our findings demonstrate the potential role of PTGFRN in cancer metastasis and suggest PTGFRN as a future target for drug development in the treatment of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Marquez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baltimore School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Target Discovery Division, A&G Pharmaceutical Inc., Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianping Dong
- Target Discovery Division, A&G Pharmaceutical Inc., Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Jun Hayashi
- Precision Antibody Service, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Ginette Serrero
- Target Discovery Division, A&G Pharmaceutical Inc., Columbia, Maryland, USA
- Precision Antibody Service, Columbia, Maryland, USA
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6
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Huseman ED, Lo A, Fedorova O, Elia JL, Gueble SE, Lin K, Sundaram RK, Oh J, Liu J, Menges F, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Batista VS, Crawford JM, Pyle AM, Bindra RS, Herzon SB. Mechanism of Action of KL-50, a Candidate Imidazotetrazine for the Treatment of Drug-Resistant Brain Cancers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18241-18252. [PMID: 38815248 PMCID: PMC11409917 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA repair is a hallmark of cancer, and many tumors display reduced DNA repair capacities that sensitize them to genotoxins. Here, we demonstrate that the differential DNA repair capacities of healthy and transformed tissue may be exploited to obtain highly selective chemotherapies. We show that the novel N3-(2-fluoroethyl)imidazotetrazine "KL-50" is a selective toxin toward tumors that lack the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), which reverses the formation of O6-alkylguanine lesions. We establish that KL-50 generates DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) by a multistep process comprising DNA alkylation to generate an O6-(2-fluoroethyl)guanine (O6FEtG) lesion, slow unimolecular displacement of fluoride to form an N1,O6-ethanoguanine (N1,O6EtG) intermediate, and ring-opening by the adjacent cytidine. The slow rate of N1,O6EtG formation allows healthy cells expressing MGMT to reverse the initial O6FEtG lesion before it evolves to N1,O6EtG, thereby suppressing the formation of toxic DNA-MGMT cross-links and reducing the amount of DNA ICLs generated in healthy cells. In contrast, O6-(2-chloroethyl)guanine lesions produced by agents such as lomustine and the N3-(2-chloroethyl)imidazotetrazine mitozolomide rapidly evolve to N1,O6EtG, resulting in the formation of DNA-MGMT cross-links and DNA ICLs in healthy tissue. These studies suggest that careful consideration of the rates of chemical DNA modification and biochemical DNA repair may lead to the identification of other tumor-specific genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Huseman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anna Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - James L Elia
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Susan E Gueble
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kingson Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Institute of Biomolecular Design & Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jinchan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fabian Menges
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa M Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jason M Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biophysical Instrumentation Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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7
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Liu C, Vorderbruggen M, Muñoz-Trujillo C, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Karpf AR. NB compounds are potent and efficacious FOXM1 inhibitors in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:94. [PMID: 38704607 PMCID: PMC11069232 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic studies implicate the oncogenic transcription factor Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) as a potential therapeutic target in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We evaluated the activity of different FOXM1 inhibitors in HGSOC cell models. RESULTS We treated HGSOC and fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells with a panel of previously reported FOXM1 inhibitors. Based on drug potency, efficacy, and selectivity, determined through cell viability assays, we focused on two compounds, NB-73 and NB-115 (NB compounds), for further investigation. NB compounds potently and selectively inhibited FOXM1 with lesser effects on other FOX family members. NB compounds decreased FOXM1 expression via targeting the FOXM1 protein by promoting its proteasome-mediated degradation, and effectively suppressed FOXM1 gene targets at both the protein and mRNA level. At the cellular level, NB compounds promoted apoptotic cell death. Importantly, while inhibition of apoptosis using a pan-caspase inhibitor rescued HGSOC cells from NB compound-induced cell death, it did not rescue FOXM1 protein degradation, supporting that FOXM1 protein loss from NB compound treatment is specific and not a general consequence of cytotoxicity. Drug washout studies indicated that FOXM1 reduction was retained for at least 72 h post-treatment, suggesting that NB compounds exhibit long-lasting effects in HGSOC cells. NB compounds effectively suppressed both two-dimensional and three-dimensional HGSOC cell colony formation at sub-micromolar concentrations. Finally, NB compounds exhibited synergistic activity with carboplatin in HGSOC cells. CONCLUSIONS NB compounds are potent, selective, and efficacious inhibitors of FOXM1 in HGSOC cells and are worthy of further investigation as HGSOC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Liu
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA
| | - Makenzie Vorderbruggen
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA
| | - Catalina Muñoz-Trujillo
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Benita S Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68918-6805, USA.
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8
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Fang Y, Fu M, Li X, Zhang B, Wan C. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli effector EspF triggers oxidative DNA lesions in intestinal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0000124. [PMID: 38415639 PMCID: PMC11003234 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00001-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Attaching/effacing (A/E) pathogens induce DNA damage and colorectal cancer by injecting effector proteins into host cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). EspF is one of the T3SS-dependent effector proteins exclusive to A/E pathogens, which include enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. The role of EspF in the induction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the phosphorylation of the repair protein SMC1 has been demonstrated previously. However, the process of damage accumulation and DSB formation has remained enigmatic, and the damage response is not well understood. Here, we first showed a compensatory increase in the mismatch repair proteins MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) and MSH6, as well as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, followed by a dramatic decrease, threatening cell survival in the presence of EspF. Flow cytometry revealed that EspF arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase to facilitate DNA repair. Subsequently, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions, a marker of oxidative damage, were assayed by ELISA and immunofluorescence, which revealed the accumulation of 8-oxoG from the cytosol to the nucleus. Furthermore, the status of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and DSBs was confirmed. We observed that EspF accelerated the course of DNA lesions, including 8-oxoG and unrepaired ssDNA, which were converted into DSBs; this was accompanied by the phosphorylation of replication protein A 32 in repair-defective cells. Collectively, these findings reveal that EspF triggers various types of oxidative DNA lesions with impairment of the DNA damage response and may result in genomic instability and cell death, offering novel insight into the tumorigenic potential of EspF.IMPORTANCEOxidative DNA lesions play causative roles in colitis-associated colon cancer. Accumulating evidence shows strong links between attaching/effacing (A/E) pathogens and colorectal cancer (CRC). EspF is one of many effector proteins exclusive to A/E pathogens with defined roles in the induction of oxidative stress, double-strand breaks (DSBs), and repair dysregulation. Here, we found that EspF promotes reactive oxygen species generation and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) lesions when the repair system is activated, contributing to sustained cell survival. However, infected cells exposed to EspF presented 8-oxoG, which results in DSBs and ssDNA accumulation when the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M phase and the repair system is defective or saturated by DNA lesions. In addition, we found that EspF could intensify the accumulation of nuclear DNA lesions through oxidative and replication stress. Overall, our work highlights the involvement of EspF in DNA lesions and DNA damage response, providing a novel avenue by which A/E pathogens may contribute to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muqing Fu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Sun M, Moquet J, Barnard S, Mancey H, Burling D, Baldwin-Cleland R, Monahan K, Latchford A, Lloyd D, Bouffler S, Badie C, Anyamene NA, Ainsbury E. In vitro study of radiosensitivity in colorectal cancer cell lines associated with Lynch syndrome. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1369201. [PMID: 38638480 PMCID: PMC11024246 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1369201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lynch syndrome patients have an inherited predisposition to cancer due to a deficiency in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes which could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer if exposed to ionizing radiation. This pilot study aims to reveal the association between MMR deficiency and radiosensitivity at both a CT relevant low dose (20 mGy) and a therapeutic higher dose (2 Gy). Methods Human colorectal cancer cell lines with (dMMR) or without MMR deficiency (pMMR) were analyzed before and after exposure to radiation using cellular and cytogenetic analyses i.e., clonogenic assay to determine cell reproductive death; sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay to detect the exchange of DNA between sister chromatids; γH2AX assay to analyze DNA damage repair; and apoptosis analysis to compare cell death response. The advantages and limitations of these assays were assessed in vitro, and their applicability and feasibility investigated for their potential to be used for further studies using clinical samples. Results Results from the clonogenic assay indicated that the pMMR cell line (HT29) was significantly more radio-resistant than the dMMR cell lines (HCT116, SW48, and LoVo) after 2 Gy X-irradiation. Both cell type and radiation dose had a significant effect on the yield of SCEs/chromosome. When the yield of SCEs/chromosome for the irradiated samples (2 Gy) was normalized against the controls, no significant difference was observed between the cell lines. For the γH2AX assay, 0, 20 mGy and 2 Gy were examined at post-exposure time points of 30 min (min), 4 and 24 h (h). Statistical analysis revealed that HT29 was only significantly more radio-resistant than the MLH1-deficient cells lines, but not the MSH2-deficient cell line. Apoptosis analysis (4 Gy) revealed that HT29 was significantly more radio-resistant than HCT116 albeit with very few apoptotic cells observed. Discussion Overall, this study showed radio-resistance of the MMR proficient cell line in some assays, but not in the others. All methods used within this study have been validated; however, due to the limitations associated with cancer cell lines, the next step will be to use these assays in clinical samples in an effort to understand the biological and mechanistic effects of radiation in Lynch patients as well as the health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Moquet
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Barnard
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Mancey
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - David Burling
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Baldwin-Cleland
- Intestinal Imaging Centre, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Monahan
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Latchford
- Lynch Syndrome Clinic, Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer, St Mark's Hospital, London North West University Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Harrow, United Kingdom
| | - David Lloyd
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Bouffler
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Badie
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola A. Anyamene
- East and North Hertfordshire National Health Service Trust, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Directorate, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Environmental Research Group Within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Khalef L, Lydia R, Filicia K, Moussa B. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays: Biochemical elements and cellular compartments. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4007. [PMID: 38593323 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays play a crucial role in drug screening and evaluating the cytotoxic effects of various chemicals. The quantification of cell viability and proliferation serves as the cornerstone for numerous in vitro assays that assess cellular responses to external factors. In the last decade, several studies have developed guidelines for defining and interpreting cell viability and cytotoxicity based on morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. As this domain continues to experience ongoing growth, revealing new mechanisms orchestrating diverse cell cytotoxicity pathways, we suggest a revised classification for multiple assays employed in evaluating cell viability and cell death. This classification is rooted in the cellular compartment and/or biochemical element involved, with a specific focus on mechanistic and essential aspects of the process. The assays are founded on diverse cell functions, encompassing metabolic activity, enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability and integrity, adenosine 5'-triphosphate content, cell adherence, reduction equivalents, dye inclusion or exclusion, constitutive protease activity, colony formation, DNA fragmentation and nuclear splitting. These assays present straightforward, reliable, sensitive, reproducible, cost-effective, and high-throughput approaches for appraising the effects of newly formulated chemotherapeutic biomolecules on the cell survival during the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefsih Khalef
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Radja Lydia
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Khettar Filicia
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Berkoud Moussa
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
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11
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Pellizzari S, Bhat V, Athwal H, Cescon DW, Allan AL, Parsyan A. PLK4 as a potential target to enhance radiosensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:24. [PMID: 38365710 PMCID: PMC10873955 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the barriers to developing more effective therapies against the most aggressive, triple-negative, breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. In our previous studies, we showed that inhibition of Polo-like Kinase 4 (PLK4) by a novel drug, CFI-400945 significantly enhances the anticancer effects of radiotherapy (RT) compared to single treatment alone. Here we further investigate the role of PLK4 in enhancing radiation effects in TNBC and explore mechanisms of PLK4 inhibition and radiation combinatorial antiproliferative effects. To assess cellular proliferation in response to treatments, we used colony formation assays in TNBC cell lines and patient-derived organoids (PDOs). Downregulation of PLK4 expression was achieved using siRNA silencing in TNBC cell lines. Immunofluorescence against centrin was used to assess the alteration of centriole amplification in response to treatments. We observed that inhibition of PLK4 by CFI-400945 or Centrinone B or its downregulation by siRNA, when combined with RT, resulted in a significant increase in antiproliferative effect in TNBC cells lines and PDOs compared to untreated or single-treated cells. Anticancer synergy was observed using a response matrix in PDOs treated with CFI-400945 and RT. We show that the overamplification of centrioles might be involved in the combined antiproliferative action of RT and PLK4 inhibition. Our data suggest that PLK4 is a promising target for enhancing the anticancer effects of RT in TNBC that, at least in part, is modulated by the overamplification of centrioles. These results support further mechanistic and translational studies of anti-PLK4 agents and RT as an anticancer combination treatment strategy.
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Grants
- Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS)
- Breast Cancer Society of Canada
- Western Postdoctoral Fellowship (Western University)
- London Regional Cancer Program Catalyst Grant
- Young Investigator Startup Grant, Department of Surgery, Western University and the London Regional Cancer Program Catalyst Grant for Translational Cancer Research, Western University (London, ON)
- Cancer Research Society (CRS) and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)/Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Operating Grants 2022 Competition, Targeted Funding Opportunity
- Clinician Scientist Award, Department of Surgery, Western University, and the Academic Medical Organization of Southwestern Ontario (AMOSO) Opportunities Fund (London, ON)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Pellizzari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vasudeva Bhat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre and London Health Sciences, Centre Research Inc, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada
| | - Harjot Athwal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, M5G 2M9, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, M5G 2C1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre and London Health Sciences, Centre Research Inc, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Armen Parsyan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada.
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre and London Health Sciences, Centre Research Inc, N6A 5W9, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, St Joseph's Health Care and London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, N6A 4V2, London, ON, Canada.
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12
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Frederiksen AT, Jensen MB, Poulsen PR, Bassler N, Sørensen BS, Sitarz M. Evaluation of in vitro irradiation setup: Designed for the horizontal beamline at the Danish Centre for Particle Therapy. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:23-27. [PMID: 38349282 PMCID: PMC11332460 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.19657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiobiological experimental setups are challenged by precise sample positioning along depth dose profile, scattering conditions, and practical difficulties that must be addressed in individual designs. The aim of this study was to produce cell survival curves with several irradiation modalities, by using a setup designed at the Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT) for in vitro proton irradiations using a horizontal beam line and thereby evaluating the setups use for in vitro irradiations experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The setup is a water phantom suitable for in vitro research with multiple irradiation modalities, in particular the pencil scanning proton beam available from a horizontal experimental beamline. The phantom included a water tank of 39.0 × 17.0 × 20.5 cm. Cell survival-curves were produced using the cell line V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (V79s) in biological triplicates of clonogenic assays. Cell survival curves were produced with both a 18 MeV electron beam, 6 MV photon beam, and a Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) proton beam formed by pristine energies of 85-111 MeV where three positions were examined. RESULTS Survival curves with uncertainty areas were made for all modalities. Dosimetric uncertainty amounted to, respectively, 4%, 3% and 3% for proton, electron, and high energy photon irradiations. Cell survival fraction uncertainty was depicted as the standard deviation between replications of the experiment. CONCLUSION Cell survival curves could be produced with acceptable uncertainties using this novel water phantom and cellular laboratory workflow. The setup is useful for future in vitro irradiation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Tobias Frederiksen
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark; Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute for Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Morten Bjørn Jensen
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark; Department for Medical Physics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Rugaard Poulsen
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark
| | - Niels Bassler
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark
| | - Brita Singers Sørensen
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark; Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mateusz Sitarz
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy (DCPT), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Denmark
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13
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Guishard AR, Guishard AF, Semenova N, Kaushik V, Azad N, Iyer AKV, Yakisich JS. A Short Post-Reattachment Ultrasensitive Window of Time in Human Cancer Cells as Therapeutic Target of Prolonged Low-Dose Administration of Specific Compounds. Int J Cell Biol 2024; 2024:2699572. [PMID: 38352698 PMCID: PMC10861276 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2699572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged low-dose administration (PLDA) of several FDA-approved drugs for noncancer conditions or dietary compounds is associated with a lower incidence of specific types of cancers and with the lower formation of metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown; there is a discrepancy between the concentration of drugs needed to kill cancer cells in vitro and the actual serum levels (10 and >1000 times lower) found in patients. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that clonogenicity may be the target of PLDA. We compared the effect of nigericin (NIG) and menadione (MEN) on the human A549 and H460 lung and MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines using routine MTT and colony forming assays (CFA). The ability of both NIG and MEN to eliminate 100% of cancer cells was at least 2-10 times more potent in CFA compared to MTT assays. Our results revealed the existence of a short post-reattachment window of time when cancer cells growing at low density are more sensitive to PLDA of specific drugs likely by targeting clonogenic rather than proliferation pathways. This short ultrasensitive window of time (SUSWoT) was cell- and drug-type specific: the SUSWoT for NIG was present in H460, A549, and MDA-MB-231 cells but not evident in MCF-7 cells. Conversely, a similar SUSWoT for MEN was present in MCF-7, MDA-MD-231, and A549 cells but not evident in H460 cells. Our findings partially explain the decreased incidence of specific types of cancer by PLDA of FDA-approved drugs (or dietary compounds) for noncancer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Semenova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Vivek Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Anand K. V. Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton, VA, USA
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14
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Kairytė K, Vaickelionienė R, Grybaitė B, Anusevičius K, Mickevičius V, Petrikaitė V. The Effect of 4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl-5-oxopyrrolidines on Breast and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Colony Formation, Migration, and Growth of Tumor Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1834. [PMID: 38339112 PMCID: PMC10855844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of hydrazones, azoles, and azines bearing a 4-dimethylaminophenyl-5-oxopyrrolidine scaffold was synthesized. Their cytotoxic effect against human pancreatic carcinoma Panc-1 and triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines was established by MTT assay. Pyrrolidinone derivatives 3c and 3d, with incorporated 5-chloro and 5-methylbenzimidazole fragments; hydrazone 5k bearing a 5-nitrothien-2-yl substitution; and hydrazone 5l with a naphth-1-yl fragment in the structure significantly decreased the viability of both cancer cell lines. Compounds 3c and 5k showed the highest selectivity, especially against the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line. The EC50 values of the most active compound 5k against the MDA-MB231 cell line was 7.3 ± 0.4 μM, which were slightly higher against the Panc-1 cell line (10.2 ± 2.6 μM). Four selected pyrrolidone derivatives showed relatively high activity in a clonogenic assay. Compound 5k was the most active in both cell cultures, and it completely disturbed MDA-MB-231 cell colony growth at 1 and 2 μM and showed a strong effect on Panc-1 cell colony formation, especially at 2 μM. The compounds did not show an inhibitory effect on cell line migration by the 'wound-healing' assay. Compound 3d most efficiently inhibited the growth of Panc-1 spheroids and reduced cell viability in MDA-MB-231 spheroids. Considering these different activities in biological assays, the selected pyrrolidinone derivatives could be further tested to better understand the structure-activity relationship and their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kairytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.K.); (R.V.); (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Rita Vaickelionienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.K.); (R.V.); (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Birutė Grybaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.K.); (R.V.); (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Kazimieras Anusevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.K.); (R.V.); (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vytautas Mickevičius
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.K.); (R.V.); (B.G.); (K.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Vilma Petrikaitė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukilėlių Pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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15
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Büttner T, Maerevoet MKE, Giordano FA, Veldwijk MR, Herskind C, Ruder AM. Combining a noble gas with radiotherapy: glutamate receptor antagonist xenon may act as a radiosensitizer in glioblastoma. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:16. [PMID: 38291439 PMCID: PMC10826195 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionotropic glutamate receptors α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulate proliferation, invasion and radioresistance in glioblastoma (GB). Pharmacological targeting is difficult as many in vitro-effective agents are not suitable for in patient applications. We aimed to develop a method to test the well tolerated AMPAR- and NMDAR-antagonist xenon gas as a radiosensitizer in GB. METHODS We designed a diffusion-based system to perform the colony formation assay (CFA), the radiobiological gold standard, under xenon exposure. Stable and reproducible gas atmosphere was validated with oxygen and carbon dioxide as tracer gases. After checking for AMPAR and NMDAR expression via immunofluorescence staining we performed the CFA with the glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 as well as the non-glioblastoma derived cell line HeLa. Xenon was applied after irradiation and additionally tested in combination with NMDAR antagonist memantine. RESULTS The gas exposure system proved compatible with the CFA and resulted in a stable atmosphere of 50% xenon. Indications for the presence of glutamate receptor subunits were present in glioblastoma-derived and HeLa cells. Significantly reduced clonogenic survival by xenon was shown in U87 and U251 at irradiation doses of 4-8 Gy and 2, 6 and 8 Gy, respectively (p < 0.05). Clonogenic survival was further reduced by the addition of memantine, showing a significant effect at 2-8 Gy for both glioblastoma cell lines (p < 0.05). Xenon did not significantly reduce the surviving fraction of HeLa cells until a radiation dose of 8 Gy. CONCLUSION The developed system allows for testing of gaseous agents with CFA. As a proof of concept, we have, for the first time, unveiled indications of radiosensitizing properties of xenon gas in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Büttner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Clinic for Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marielena K E Maerevoet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlon R Veldwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arne Mathias Ruder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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16
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Lozinski M, Bowden NA, Graves MC, Fay M, Day BW, Stringer BW, Tooney PA. ATR inhibition using gartisertib enhances cell death and synergises with temozolomide and radiation in patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. Oncotarget 2024; 15:1-18. [PMID: 38227740 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma cells can restrict the DNA-damaging effects of temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT) using the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism which activates cell cycle arrest and DNA repair pathways. Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-Related protein (ATR) plays a pivotal role in the recognition of DNA damage induced by chemotherapy and radiation causing downstream DDR activation. Here, we investigated the activity of gartisertib, a potent ATR inhibitor, alone and in combination with TMZ and/or RT in 12 patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines. We showed that gartisertib alone potently reduced the cell viability of glioblastoma cell lines, where sensitivity was associated with the frequency of DDR mutations and higher expression of the G2 cell cycle pathway. ATR inhibition significantly enhanced cell death in combination with TMZ and RT and was shown to have higher synergy than TMZ+RT treatment. MGMT promoter unmethylated and TMZ+RT resistant glioblastoma cells were also more sensitive to gartisertib. Analysis of gene expression from gartisertib treated glioblastoma cells identified the upregulation of innate immune-related pathways. Overall, this study identifies ATR inhibition as a strategy to enhance the DNA-damaging ability of glioblastoma standard treatment, while providing preliminary evidence that ATR inhibition induces an innate immune gene signature that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Lozinski
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikola A Bowden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Moira C Graves
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Fay
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- GenesisCare, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Bryan W Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett W Stringer
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
- Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Bahcheli AT, Min HK, Bayati M, Zhao H, Fortuna A, Dong W, Dzneladze I, Chan J, Chen X, Guevara-Hoyer K, Dirks PB, Huang X, Reimand J. Pan-cancer ion transport signature reveals functional regulators of glioblastoma aggression. EMBO J 2024; 43:196-224. [PMID: 38177502 PMCID: PMC10897389 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels, transporters, and other ion-flux controlling proteins, collectively comprising the "ion permeome", are common drug targets, however, their roles in cancer remain understudied. Our integrative pan-cancer transcriptome analysis shows that genes encoding the ion permeome are significantly more often highly expressed in specific subsets of cancer samples, compared to pan-transcriptome expectations. To enable target selection, we identified 410 survival-associated IP genes in 33 cancer types using a machine-learning approach. Notably, GJB2 and SCN9A show prominent expression in neoplastic cells and are associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive brain cancer. GJB2 or SCN9A knockdown in patient-derived glioblastoma cells induces transcriptome-wide changes involving neuron projection and proliferation pathways, impairs cell viability and tumor sphere formation in vitro, perturbs tunneling nanotube dynamics, and extends the survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice. Thus, aberrant activation of genes encoding ion transport proteins appears as a pan-cancer feature defining tumor heterogeneity, which can be exploited for mechanistic insights and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Bahcheli
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hyun-Kee Min
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masroor Bayati
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery and Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Alexander Fortuna
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weifan Dong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irakli Dzneladze
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jade Chan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xin Chen
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Songjiang Research Institute, Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kissy Guevara-Hoyer
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cancer Immunomonitoring and Immuno-Mediated Pathologies Support Unit, Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine (IML) and Biomedical Research Foundation (IdiSCC), San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Udutha S, Taglang C, Batsios G, Gillespie AM, Tran M, Ronen SM, Ten Hoeve J, Graeber TG, Viswanath P. Telomerase reverse transcriptase induces targetable alterations in glutathione and nucleotide biosynthesis in glioblastomas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.566937. [PMID: 38014170 PMCID: PMC10680720 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.566937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is essential for glioblastoma (GBM) proliferation. Delineating metabolic vulnerabilities induced by TERT can lead to novel GBM therapies. We previously showed that TERT upregulates glutathione (GSH) pool size in GBMs. Here, we show that TERT acts via the FOXO1 transcription factor to upregulate expression of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo GSH synthesis. Inhibiting GCLC using siRNA or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) reduces synthesis of 13 C-GSH from [U- 13 C]-glutamine and inhibits clonogenicity. However, GCLC inhibition does not induce cell death, an effect that is associated with elevated [U- 13 C]-glutamine metabolism to glutamate and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Mechanistically, GCLC inhibition activates MYC and leads to compensatory upregulation of two key glutamine-utilizing enzymes i.e., glutaminase (GLS), which generates glutamate from glutamine, and CAD (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, dihydroorotatase), the enzyme that converts glutamine to the pyrimidine nucleotide precursor dihydroorotate. We then examined the therapeutic potential of inhibiting GLS and CAD in combination with GCLC. 6-diazo-5-oxy-L-norleucin (DON) is a potent inhibitor of glutamine-utilizing enzymes including GLS and CAD. The combination of BSO and DON suppresses GSH and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and is synergistically lethal in GBM cells. Importantly, in vivo stable isotope tracing indicates that combined treatment with JHU-083 (a brain-penetrant prodrug of DON) and BSO abrogates synthesis of GSH and pyrimidine nucleotides from [U- 13 C]-glutamine and induces tumor shrinkage in mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Collectively, our studies exploit a mechanistic understanding of TERT biology to identify synthetically lethal metabolic vulnerabilities in GBMs. SIGNIFICANCE Using in vivo stable isotope tracing, metabolomics, and loss-of-function studies, we demonstrate that TERT expression is associated with metabolic alterations that can be synergistically targeted for therapy in glioblastomas.
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Lu C, Sun Q, Guo Y, Han X, Zhang M, Liu J, Wang Y, Mou Y, Li Y, Song X. Construction and validation of a prognostic nine-gene signature associated with radiosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 43:100686. [PMID: 37854672 PMCID: PMC10579965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however how to predict the prognosis is not clear. Methods Here we collected 262 radiosensitivity-associated genes, screened and constructed a prognostic nine-gene risk model through univariate COX, lasso regression, stepwise regression and multivariate COX analysis for transcriptome and clinical information of HNSCC patients obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. Results The reliability and robustness of the risk model were verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, risk maps, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves analysis. Differences in immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathway enrichment between high-risk and low-risk subgroups were determined by multiple immune infiltration analyses. Meanwhile, the mutation map and the responses to immunotherapy were also differentiated by the prognostic nine-gene signature associated with radiosensitivity. These nine genes expression in HNSCC was verified in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. After that, these nine genes expression was verified to be related to radiation resistance through in-vitro cell experiments. Conclusions All results showed that the nine-gene signature associated with radiosensitivity is a potential prognostic indicator for HNSCC patients after radiotherapy and provides potential gene targets for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxian Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Yakui Mou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, China
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20
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Ibáñez-Moragues M, Fernández-Barahona I, Santacruz R, Oteo M, Luján-Rodríguez VM, Muñoz-Hernando M, Magro N, Lagares JI, Romero E, España S, Espinosa-Rodríguez A, García-Díez M, Martínez-Nouvilas V, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Udías JM, Valladolid-Onecha V, Martín-Rey MÁ, Almeida-Cordon EI, Viñals i Onsès S, Pérez JM, Fraile LM, Herranz F, Morcillo MÁ. Zinc-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Proton-Activatable Agent for Dose Range Verification in Proton Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6874. [PMID: 37836718 PMCID: PMC10574368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy allows the treatment of specific areas and avoids the surrounding tissues. However, this technique has uncertainties in terms of the distal dose fall-off. A promising approach to studying the proton range is the use of nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents that produce detectable signals. For this, we developed an iron oxide nanoparticle doped with Zn (IONP@Zn-cit) with a hydrodynamic size of 10 nm and stability in serum. Cytotoxicity, defined as half of the surveillance, was 100 μg Zn/mL in the U251 cell line. The effect on clonogenic cell death was tested after X-ray irradiation, which suggested a radioprotective effect of these nanoparticles at low concentrations (1-10 μg Zn/mL). To evaluate the production of positron emitters and prompt-gamma signals, IONP@Zn-cit was irradiated with protons, obtaining prompt-gamma signals at the lowest measured concentration (10 mg Zn/mL). Finally, 67Ga-IONP@Zn-cit showed accumulation in the liver and spleen and an accumulation in the tumor tissue of 0.95% ID/g in a mouse model of U251 cells. These results suggest the possibility of using Zn nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents to verify the range by prompt gamma detection and face the challenges of prompt gamma detection in a specific biological situation, opening different avenues to go forward in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Irene Fernández-Barahona
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Rocío Santacruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Marta Oteo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Víctor M. Luján-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - María Muñoz-Hernando
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Natalia Magro
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Juan I. Lagares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Samuel España
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Espinosa-Rodríguez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Díez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Nouvilas
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Tembleque
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Valladolid-Onecha
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Martín-Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Edilia I. Almeida-Cordon
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Animal Facility Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sílvia Viñals i Onsès
- Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
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Qian H, Baglamis S, Redeker F, Raaijman J, Hoebe RA, Sheraton VM, Vermeulen L, Krawczyk PM. High-Content and High-Throughput Clonogenic Survival Assay Using Fluorescence Barcoding. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4772. [PMID: 37835466 PMCID: PMC10571559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Clonogenic Survival Assay (CSA) is a fundamental tool employed to assess cell survival and proliferative potential in cancer research. Despite its importance, CSA faces limitations, primarily its time- and labor-intensive nature and its binary output. To overcome these limitations and enhance CSA's utility, several approaches have been developed, focusing on increasing the throughput. However, achieving both high-content and high-throughput analyses simultaneously has remained a challenge. In this paper, we introduce LeGO-CSA, an extension of the classical CSA that employs the imaging of cell nuclei barcoded with fluorescent lentiviral gene ontology markers, enabling both high-content and high-throughput analysis. To validate our approach, we contrasted it with results from a classical assay and conducted a proof-of-concept screen of small-molecule inhibitors targeting various pathways relevant to cancer treatment. Notably, our results indicate that the classical CSA may underestimate clonogenicity and unveil intriguing aspects of clonal cell growth. We demonstrate the potential of LeGO-CSA to offer a robust approach for assessing cell survival and proliferation with enhanced precision and throughput, with promising implications for accelerating drug discovery and contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of cellular behavior in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Qian
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.Q.); (R.A.H.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Selami Baglamis
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fumei Redeker
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.Q.); (R.A.H.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Julia Raaijman
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.Q.); (R.A.H.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.Q.); (R.A.H.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Vivek M. Sheraton
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Przemek M. Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.Q.); (R.A.H.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (V.M.S.); (L.V.)
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Cao XZ, Zhang BQ, Wang CF, Yin JN, Haider W, Said G, Wei MY, Lu L. A Terphenyllin Derivative CHNQD-00824 from the Marine Compound Library Induced DNA Damage as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:512. [PMID: 37888447 PMCID: PMC10608154 DOI: 10.3390/md21100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of drug resistance and the consequential high morbidity and mortality rates, there is an urgent need to screen and identify new agents for the effective treatment of cancer. Terphenyls-a group of aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of a linear 1,4-diaryl-substituted benzene core-has exhibited a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we discovered a terphenyllin derivative-CHNQD-00824-derived from the marine compound library as a potential anticancer agent. The cytotoxic activities of the CHNQD-00824 compound were evaluated against 13 different cell lines with IC50 values from 0.16 to 7.64 μM. Further study showed that CHNQD-00824 inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, possibly by inducing DNA damage. Acridine orange staining demonstrated that CHNQD-00824 promoted apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Notably, the anti-cancer effectiveness was verified in a doxycin hydrochloride (DOX)-induced liver-specific enlargement model in zebrafish. With Solafinib as a positive control, CHNQD-00824 markedly suppressed tumor growth at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μM, further highlighting its potential as an effective anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Cui-Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun-Na Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Waqas Haider
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gulab Said
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi, Swabi 23430, Pakistan
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-Z.C.); (B.-Q.Z.); (C.-F.W.); (J.-N.Y.); (W.H.); (G.S.); (M.-Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266003, China
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23
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Kawabe N, Matsuoka K, Komeda K, Muraki N, Takaba M, Togami Y, Ito Y, Yamada M, Sunaga N, Girard L, Minna JD, Cai L, Xie Y, Tanaka I, Morise M, Sato M. Silencing of GRHL2 induces epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cell lines with different effects on proliferation and clonogenic growth. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:391. [PMID: 37600329 PMCID: PMC10433723 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is a transcription factor that suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It has been previously shown that GRHL2 can confer both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles in human cancers, including breast, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. However, its role in lung cancer remains elusive. In the present study, a meta-analysis of multiple gene expression datasets with clinical data revealed that GRHL2 expression was increased in lung cancer compared with that in the normal tissues. Copy number analysis of GRHL2, performed using datasets of whole exome sequencing involving 151 lung cancer cell lines, revealed frequent amplifications, suggesting that the increased GRHL2 expression may have resulted from gene amplification. A survival meta-analysis of GRHL2 using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset showed no association of GRHL2 expression with overall survival. GRHL2 expression was found to be associated with EMT status in lung cancer in TCGA dataset and lung cancer cell lines. GRHL2 knockdown induced partial EMT in the hTERT/Cdk4-immortalized normal lung epithelial cell line HBEC4KT without affecting proliferation measured by CCK-8 assays. In addition, GRHL2 silencing caused three lung cancer cell lines, H1975, H2009 and H441, to undergo partial EMT. However, the proliferative effects differed significantly. GRHL2 silencing promoted proliferation but not colony formation in H1975 cells whilst suppressing colony formation without affecting proliferation in H2009 cells, but it did not affect proliferation in H441 cells. These results suggest cell type-dependent effects of GRHL2 knockdown. Downstream, GRHL2 silencing enhanced the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, assessed by western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies, in HBEC4KT, H1975 and H2009 cell lines but not in the H441 cell line. By contrast, transient GRHL2 overexpression did not affect A549 cell proliferation, which lack detectable endogenous expression of the GRHL2 protein. However, GRHL2 overexpression did suppress E-cadherin expression in A549 cells. These results suggested that GRHL2 does not only function as a tumor suppressor of EMT but can also behave as an oncogene depending on the lung cancer cell-type context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kawabe
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsuoka
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Kazuki Komeda
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nao Muraki
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Miho Takaba
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yasuha Togami
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Yumeno Ito
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yamada
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230-8593, USA
| | - John D. Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230-8593, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230-8593, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230-8593, USA
| | - Ichidai Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morise
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Division of Host Defense Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
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24
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Yuan SSF, Wang YM, Chan LP, Hung AC, Nguyen HDH, Chen YK, Hu SCS, Lo S, Wang YY. IL-1RA promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma malignancy through mitochondrial metabolism-mediated EGFR/JNK/SOX2 pathway. J Transl Med 2023; 21:473. [PMID: 37461111 PMCID: PMC10351194 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), a member of the IL-1 family, has diverse roles in cancer development. However, the role of IL-1RA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in particular the underlying mechanisms, remains to be elucidated. METHODS Tumor tissues from OSCC patients were assessed for protein expression by immunohistochemistry. Patient survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. Impact of differential IL-1RA expression on cultured OSCC cell lines was assessed in vitro by clonogenic survival, tumorsphere formation, soft agar colony formation, and transwell cell migration and invasion assays. Oxygen consumption rate was measured by Seahorse analyzer or multi-mode plate reader. PCR array was applied to screen human cancer stem cell-related genes, proteome array for phosphorylation status of kinases, and Western blot for protein expression in cultured cells. In vivo tumor growth was investigated by orthotopic xenograft in mice, and protein expression in xenograft tumors assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Clinical analysis revealed that elevated IL-1RA expression in OSCC tumor tissues was associated with increased tumor size and cancer stage, and reduced survival in the patient group receiving adjuvant radiotherapy compared to the patient group without adjuvant radiotherapy. In vitro data supported these observations, showing that overexpression of IL-1RA increased OSCC cell growth, migration/invasion abilities, and resistance to ionizing radiation, whereas knockdown of IL-1RA had largely the opposite effects. Additionally, we identified that EGFR/JNK activation and SOX2 expression were modulated by differential IL-1RA expression downstream of mitochondrial metabolism, with application of mitochondrial complex inhibitors suppressing these pathways. Furthermore, in vivo data revealed that treatment with cisplatin or metformin-a mitochondrial complex inhibitor and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes-reduced IL-1RA-associated xenograft tumor growth as well as EGFR/JNK activation and SOX2 expression. This inhibitory effect was further augmented by combination treatment with cisplatin and metformin. CONCLUSIONS The current study suggests that IL-1RA promoted OSCC malignancy through mitochondrial metabolism-mediated EGFR/JNK activation and SOX2 expression. Inhibition of this mitochondrial metabolic pathway may present a potential therapeutic strategy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1St Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Amos C Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hieu D H Nguyen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1St Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Kwan Chen
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1St Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Steven Lo
- Canniesburn Regional Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1St Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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25
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Mirzayans R, Murray D. Intratumor Heterogeneity and Treatment Resistance of Solid Tumors with a Focus on Polyploid/Senescent Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11534. [PMID: 37511291 PMCID: PMC10380821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Single cell biology has revealed that solid tumors and tumor-derived cell lines typically contain subpopulations of cancer cells that are readily distinguishable from the bulk of cancer cells by virtue of their enormous size. Such cells with a highly enlarged nucleus, multiple nuclei, and/or multiple micronuclei are often referred to as polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), and may exhibit features of senescence. PGCCs may enter a dormant phase (active sleep) after they are formed, but a subset remain viable, secrete growth promoting factors, and can give rise to therapy resistant and tumor repopulating progeny. Here we will briefly discuss the prevalence and prognostic value of PGCCs across different cancer types, the current understanding of the mechanisms of their formation and fate, and possible reasons why these tumor repopulating "monsters" continue to be ignored in most cancer therapy-related preclinical studies. In addition to PGCCs, other subpopulations of cancer cells within a solid tumor (such as oncogenic caspase 3-activated cancer cells and drug-tolerant persister cancer cells) can also contribute to therapy resistance and pose major challenges to the delivery of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - David Murray
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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26
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Mandl GA, Vettier F, Tessitore G, Maurizio SL, Bietar K, Stochaj U, Capobianco JA. Combining Pr 3+-Doped Nanoradiosensitizers and Endogenous Protoporphyrin IX for X-ray-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37267436 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive type of brain cancer with high recurrence rates due to the presence of radioresistant cells remaining after tumor resection. Here, we report the development of an X-ray-mediated photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) system using NaLuF4:25% Pr3+ radioluminescent nanoparticles in conjunction with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), an endogenous photosensitizer that accumulates selectively in cancer cells. Conveniently, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the prodrug that is administered for PDT, is the only drug approved for fluorescence-guided resection of glioblastoma, enabling dual detection and treatment of malignant cells. NaLuF4:Pr3+ nanoparticles were synthesized and spectroscopically evaluated at a range of Pr3+ concentrations. This generated radioluminescent nanoparticles with strong emissions from the 1S0 excited state of Pr3+, which overlaps with the Soret band of PPIX to perform photodynamic therapy. The spectral overlap between the nanoparticles and PPIX improved treatment outcomes for U251 cells, which were used as a model for the thin tumor margin. In addition to sensitizing PPIX to induce X-PDT, our nanoparticles exhibit strong radiosensitizing properties through a radiation dose-enhancement effect. We evaluate the effects of the nanoparticles alone and in combination with PPIX on viability, death, stress, senescence, and proliferation. Collectively, our results demonstrate this as a strong proof of concept for nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Freesia Vettier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tessitore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Steven L Maurizio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kais Bietar
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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27
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Gomes GB, Zubieta CS, Guilhermi JDS, Toffoli-Kadri MC, Beatriz A, Rafique J, Parisotto EB, Saba S, Perdomo RT. Selenylated Imidazo [1,2- a]pyridine Induces Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in 2D and 3D Models of Colon Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:814. [PMID: 37375763 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer incidence rates are increasing annually, a scenario aggravated by genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote drug resistance. Recent studies showed that novel synthetic selenium compounds are more efficient and less toxic than conventional drugs, demonstrating biocompatibility and pro-oxidant effects on tumor cells. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of MRK-107, an imidazo [1,2- a]pyridine derivative, in 2D and 3D cell culture models of colon cancer (Caco-2 and HT-29). Sulforhodamine B results revealed a GI50 of 2.4 µM for Caco-2, 1.1 µM for HT-29, and 22.19 µM for NIH/3T3 in 2D cultures after 48 h of treatment. Cell recovery, migration, clonogenic, and Ki-67 results corroborated that MRK-107 inhibits cell proliferation and prevents cell regeneration and metastatic transition by selectively reducing migratory and clonogenic capacity; non-tumor cells (NIH/3T3) re-established proliferation in less than 18 h. The oxidative stress markers DCFH-DA and TBARS revealed increased ROS generation and oxidative damage. Caspases-3/7 are activated and induce apoptosis as the main mode of cell death in both cell models, as assessed by annexin V-FITC and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. MRK-107 is a selective, redox-active compound with pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic properties and the capacity to activate antiproliferative pathways, showing promise in anticancer drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Bicudo Gomes
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia Stutz Zubieta
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Cristina Toffoli-Kadri
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Transformation of Organic Molecules (SINTMOL), Institute of Chemistry (INQUI), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Transformation of Organic Molecules (SINTMOL), Institute of Chemistry (INQUI), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Trentin Perdomo
- Postgraduate Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
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28
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Wang J, Gu Y, Yan X, Zhang J, Wang J, Ding Y. USP38 inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration via downregulating HMX3 ubiquitylation. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1169-1181. [PMID: 36204976 PMCID: PMC10193867 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2042776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that H6 Family Homeobox 3 (HMX3) plays a crucial role in nervous system regulation. However, the regulatory mechanism of HMX3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has seldom been studied. Herein, HMX3 was significantly downregulated in CRC, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR and WB analysis on clinical samples and a panel of cell lines. Besides, it was found that the expression of HMX3 was negatively correlated with survival of CRC patients. The functional analyses (EdU staining, CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell, and wound scratch assays) showed that CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were significantly suppressed by HMX3 overexpression, while enhanced by HMX3 knockdown. Moreover, in vivo experiment revealed HMX3 overexpression could also suppress tumor growth. Combining bioinformatics and WB analysis, we preliminarily uncovered that HMX3 was involved in apoptosis and KRAS signaling pathways. Mechanistically, Ubiquitin-specific protease 38 (USP38) was identified as a novel post-translational regulator of HMX3, which could directly interact with HMX3 to stabilize its protein expression via deubiquitination. Furthermore, the role of USP38 silencing in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells was blocked by HMX3 overexpression. In conclusion, our findings suggested that USP38/HMX3 axis is a novel promising therapeutic candidate for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an People’s Hospital of Hongze District, Huai ‘An City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongxing Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an People’s Hospital of Hongze District, Huai ‘An City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueqin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an People’s Hospital of Hongze District, Huai ‘An City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an People’s Hospital of Hongze District, Huai ‘An City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an People’s Hospital of Hongze District, Huai ‘An City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Huai’an People’s Hospital of Hongze District, Huai ‘An City, Jiangsu Province, China
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29
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Ho TLF, Lee MY, Goh HC, Ng GYN, Lee JJH, Kannan S, Lim YT, Zhao T, Lim EKH, Phua CZJ, Lee YF, Lim RYX, Ng PJH, Yuan J, Chan DKH, Lieske B, Chong CS, Lee KC, Lum J, Cheong WK, Yeoh KG, Tan KK, Sobota RM, Verma CS, Lane DP, Tam WL, Venkitaraman AR. Domain-specific p53 mutants activate EGFR by distinct mechanisms exposing tissue-independent therapeutic vulnerabilities. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1726. [PMID: 36977662 PMCID: PMC10050071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mis-sense mutations affecting TP53 promote carcinogenesis both by inactivating tumor suppression, and by conferring pro-carcinogenic activities. We report here that p53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) and transactivation domain (TAD) mis-sense mutants unexpectedly activate pro-carcinogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling via distinct, previously unrecognized molecular mechanisms. DBD- and TAD-specific TP53 mutants exhibited different cellular localization and induced distinct gene expression profiles. In multiple tissues, EGFR is stabilized by TAD and DBD mutants in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments respectively. TAD mutants promote EGFR-mediated signaling by enhancing EGFR interaction with AKT via DDX31 in the cytosol. Conversely, DBD mutants maintain EGFR activity in the nucleus, by blocking EGFR interaction with the phosphatase SHP1, triggering c-Myc and Cyclin D1 upregulation. Our findings suggest that p53 mutants carrying gain-of-function, mis-sense mutations affecting two different domains form new protein complexes that promote carcinogenesis by enhancing EGFR signaling via distinctive mechanisms, exposing clinically relevant therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lai Fong Ho
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Yin Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Chin Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jane Jia Hui Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ting Lim
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- SingMass - National Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- SingMass - National Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edwin Kok Hao Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Zi Jin Phua
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Fei Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Yi Xuan Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Perry Jun Hao Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ju Yuan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dedrick Kok Hong Chan
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bettina Lieske
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Seng Chong
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuok Chung Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Lum
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Kit Cheong
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ker Kan Tan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- SingMass - National Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chandra S Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David P Lane
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashok R Venkitaraman
- Disease Intervention Technology Lab (DITL), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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30
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Schnöller LE, Piehlmaier D, Weber P, Brix N, Fleischmann DF, Nieto AE, Selmansberger M, Heider T, Hess J, Niyazi M, Belka C, Lauber K, Unger K, Orth M. Systematic in vitro analysis of therapy resistance in glioblastoma cell lines by integration of clonogenic survival data with multi-level molecular data. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:51. [PMID: 36906590 PMCID: PMC10007763 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive basic scientific, translational, and clinical efforts in the last decades, glioblastoma remains a devastating disease with a highly dismal prognosis. Apart from the implementation of temozolomide into the clinical routine, novel treatment approaches have largely failed, emphasizing the need for systematic examination of glioblastoma therapy resistance in order to identify major drivers and thus, potential vulnerabilities for therapeutic intervention. Recently, we provided proof-of-concept for the systematic identification of combined modality radiochemotherapy treatment vulnerabilities via integration of clonogenic survival data upon radio(chemo)therapy with low-density transcriptomic profiling data in a panel of established human glioblastoma cell lines. Here, we expand this approach to multiple molecular levels, including genomic copy number, spectral karyotyping, DNA methylation, and transcriptome data. Correlation of transcriptome data with inherent therapy resistance on the single gene level yielded several candidates that were so far underappreciated in this context and for which clinically approved drugs are readily available, such as the androgen receptor (AR). Gene set enrichment analyses confirmed these results, and identified additional gene sets, including reactive oxygen species detoxification, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) signaling, and ferroptosis/autophagy-related regulatory circuits to be associated with inherent therapy resistance in glioblastoma cells. To identify pharmacologically accessible genes within those gene sets, leading edge analyses were performed yielding candidates with functions in thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin metabolism, glutathione synthesis, chaperoning of proteins, prolyl hydroxylation, proteasome function, and DNA synthesis/repair. Our study thus confirms previously nominated targets for mechanism-based multi-modal glioblastoma therapy, provides proof-of-concept for this workflow of multi-level data integration, and identifies novel candidates for which pharmacological inhibitors are readily available and whose targeting in combination with radio(chemo)therapy deserves further examination. In addition, our study also reveals that the presented workflow requires mRNA expression data, rather than genomic copy number or DNA methylation data, since no stringent correlation between these data levels could be observed. Finally, the data sets generated in the present study, including functional and multi-level molecular data of commonly used glioblastoma cell lines, represent a valuable toolbox for other researchers in the field of glioblastoma therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Emanuel Schnöller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Piehlmaier
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Felix Fleischmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Edward Nieto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Selmansberger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Heider
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BKFZ), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BKFZ), Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics (ZYTO), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Use of 3D Spheroid Models for the Assessment of RT Response in Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043763. [PMID: 36835181 PMCID: PMC9963786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a key player in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC). The RT response, however, is variable and influenced by multiple tumoral and tumor microenvironmental factors, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and hypoxia. To investigate the biological mechanisms behind these variable responses, preclinical models are crucial. Up till now, 2D clonogenic and in vivo assays have remained the gold standard, although the popularity of 3D models is rising. In this study, we investigate the use of 3D spheroid models as a preclinical tool for radiobiological research by comparing the RT response of two HPV-positive and two HPV-negative HNC spheroid models to the RT response of their corresponding 2D and in vivo models. We demonstrate that HPV-positive spheroids keep their higher intrinsic radiosensitivity when compared to HPV-negative spheroids. A good correlation is found in the RT response between HPV-positive SCC154 and HPV-negative CAL27 spheroids and their respective xenografts. In addition, 3D spheroids are able to capture the heterogeneity of RT responses within HPV-positive and HPV-negative models. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential use of 3D spheroids in the study of the mechanisms underlying these RT responses in a spatial manner by whole-mount Ki-67 and pimonidazole staining. Overall, our results show that 3D spheroids are a promising model to assess the RT response in HNC.
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32
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Serrano-Mendioroz I, Garate-Soraluze E, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME. A simple method to assess clonogenic survival of irradiated cancer cells. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 174:127-136. [PMID: 36710046 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The clonogenic assay is an in vitro method based on the ability of a single cell to proliferate indefinitely into a colony. This assay is the gold standard method to analyze cell viability and quantify reproductive cell survival fraction after treatment with ionizing radiation and other cytotoxic agents in vitro. After the cytotoxic effect, only some cells retain their ability to grow from one cell and form colonies. The colony is defined to consist of at least 50 cells. The radiosensitivity of each cell line may vary. Thus, characterizing cell sensitivity following radiation is crucial to choose the optimum radiotherapy dose. Here, we describe a method to test the in vitro capability of cell lines to form colonies following radiation treatment. This assay allows to analyze the efficacy of specific treatments on the cell reproductivity of cell lines With some adaptations, this protocol can be essentially applied to analyze the cell proliferation rate after different doses of irradiation on many different cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irantzu Serrano-Mendioroz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eneko Garate-Soraluze
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Esperanza Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Departments of Radiation Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona Spain.
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33
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Gehre S, Meyer F, Sengedorj A, Grottker F, Reichardt CM, Alomo J, Borgmann K, Frey B, Fietkau R, Rückert M, Gaipl US. Clonogenicity-based radioresistance determines the expression of immune suppressive immune checkpoint molecules after hypofractionated irradiation of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:981239. [PMID: 37152024 PMCID: PMC10157086 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.981239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a subset of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) benefits from a combination of radio- (RT) and immunotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of radioresistance and brain metastasizing potential on the immunological phenotype of TNBC cells following hypofractionated RT by analyzing cell death, immune checkpoint molecule (ICM) expression and activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer tumor cells were used as model system. Apoptosis was the dominant cell death form of brain metastasizing tumor cells, while Hsp70 release was generally significantly increased following RT and went along with necrosis induction. The ICMs PD-L1, PD-L2, HVEM, ICOS-L, CD137-L and OX40-L were found on the tumor cell surfaces and were significantly upregulated by RT with 5 x 5.2 Gy. Strikingly, the expression of immune suppressive ICMs was significantly higher on radioresistant clones compared to their respective non-radioresistant ones. Although hypofractionated RT led to significant cell death induction and release of Hsp70 in all tumor cell lines, human monocyte-derived DCs were not activated after co-incubation with RT-treated tumor cells. We conclude that radioresistance is a potent driver of immune suppressive ICM expression on the surface of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. This mechanism is generally known to predominantly influence the effector phase, rather than the priming phase, of anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gehre
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Azzaya Sengedorj
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fridolin Grottker
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clara M. Reichardt
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jannik Alomo
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Experimental Radiooncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Udo S. Gaipl,
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34
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Elevated ITGA2 expression promotes collagen type I-induced clonogenic growth of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22429. [PMID: 36575207 PMCID: PMC9794692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) arises along the peripheral bile ducts and is often accompanied by a tumor microenvironment (TME) high in extracellular matrices (ECMs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether an ECM-rich TME favors iCCA progression. We identified ITGA2, which encodes collagen-binding integrin α2, to be differentially-expressed in iCCA tumors compared with adjacent normal tissues. Elevated ITGA2 is also positively-correlated with its ligand, collagen type I. Increased ITGA2 expression and its role in collagen type I binding was validated in vitro using four iCCA cell lines, compared with a non-cancerous, cholangiocyte cell line. Robust interaction of iCCA cells with collagen type I was abolished by either ITGA2 depletion or integrin α2β1-selective inhibitor treatment. In a phenotypic study, collagen type I significantly enhances clonogenic growth of HuCCA-1 and HuCCT-1 cells by three and sixfold, respectively. Inhibition of integrin α2 expression or its activity significantly blocks collagen type I-induced colony growth in both cell lines. Taken together, our data provide mechanistic evidence that collagen type I promotes growth of iCCA colonies through integrin α2 suggesting that the collagen type I-integrin α2 axis could be a promising target for cancer prevention and a therapeutic opportunity for this cancer.
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35
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Bühler M, Fahrländer J, Sauter A, Becker M, Wistorf E, Steinfath M, Stolz A. GPER1 links estrogens to centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability in human colon cells. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 6:6/1/e202201499. [PMID: 36384894 PMCID: PMC9670797 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the alternate G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression is unclear, not least because of conflicting clinical and experimental evidence for pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities. Here, we show that low concentrations of the estrogenic GPER1 ligands, 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, and diethylstilbestrol cause the generation of lagging chromosomes in normal colon and CRC cell lines, which manifest in whole chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. Mechanistically, (xeno)estrogens triggered centrosome amplification by inducing centriole overduplication that leads to transient multipolar mitotic spindles, chromosome alignment defects, and mitotic laggards. Remarkably, we could demonstrate a significant role of estrogen-activated GPER1 in centrosome amplification and increased karyotype variability. Indeed, both gene-specific knockdown and inhibition of GPER1 effectively restored normal centrosome numbers and karyotype stability in cells exposed to 17β-estradiol, bisphenol A, or diethylstilbestrol. Thus, our results reveal a novel link between estrogen-activated GPER1 and the induction of key CRC-prone lesions, supporting a pivotal role of the alternate estrogen receptor in colon neoplastic transformation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ailine Stolz
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
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36
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A novel BH3 mimetic Bcl-2 inhibitor promotes autophagic cell death and reduces in vivo Glioblastoma tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:433. [PMID: 36309485 PMCID: PMC9617882 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family proteins play central roles in the regulation of cell death in glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant type of brain tumor. Despite the advances in GBM treatment, there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches. Here, we report a novel 4-thiazolidinone derivative BH3 mimetic, BAU-243 that binds to Bcl-2 with a high affinity. BAU-243 effectively reduced overall GBM cell proliferation including a subpopulation of cancer-initiating cells in contrast to the selective Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199. While ABT-199 successfully induces apoptosis in high BCL2-expressing neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells, BAU-243 triggered autophagic cell death rather than apoptosis in GBM A172 cells, indicated by the upregulation of BECN1, ATG5, and MAP1LC3B expression. Lc3b-II, a potent autophagy marker, was significantly upregulated following BAU-243 treatment. Moreover, BAU-243 significantly reduced tumor growth in vivo in orthotopic brain tumor models when compared to the vehicle group, and ABT-199 treated animals. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of action of BAU-243, we performed computational modeling simulations that were consistent with in vitro results. Our results indicate that BAU-243 activates autophagic cell death by disrupting the Beclin 1:Bcl-2 complex and may serve as a potential small molecule for treating GBM.
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37
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Upregulation of PARG in prostate cancer cells suppresses their malignant behavior and downregulates tumor-promoting genes. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113504. [PMID: 36076593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of nuclear proteins through the addition of poly(ADP-ribose) (pADPr) moieties is upregulated in many metastatic cancers, where the high levels of pADPr have often been associated with poor cancer prognosis. Although the inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) have been utilized as potent anti-cancer agents, their efficacy in clinical trials varied among patient groups and has often been unpredictable. Such outcome cannot be interpreted solely by the inability to keep PARP-driven DNA repair in check. The focus of studies on PARP-driven tumorigenesis have recently been shifted toward PARP-dependent regulation of transcription. Here we utilized the controlled overexpression of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), a sole pADPr-degrading enzyme, to investigate pADPr-dependent gene regulation in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. We demonstrated that PARG upregulation reduces pADPr levels and inhibits the expression of genes in key tumor-promoted pathways, including TNFα/NF-kB, IL6/STAT3, MYC, and KRAS signaling, the genes involved in inflammation response, especially chemokines, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition. The observed effect of PARG on transcription was consistent across all tested prostate cancer cell lines and correlates with PARG-induced reduction of clonogenic potential of PC-3 cells in vitro and a significant growth inhibition of PC-3-derived tumors in nude mice in vivo.
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38
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Tirinato L, Onesto V, Garcia-Calderon D, Pagliari F, Spadea MF, Seco J, Gentile F. Human lung-cancer-cell radioresistance investigated through 2D network topology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12980. [PMID: 35902618 PMCID: PMC9334295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is now considered to be a main component of cancer therapy, alongside surgery, chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy. In RT, cancer tissues are exposed to ionizing radiation causing the death of malignant cells and favoring cancer regression. However, the efficiency of RT may be hampered by cell-radioresistance (RR)—that is a feature of tumor cells of withstanding RT. To improve the RT performance, it is decisive developing methods that can help to quantify cell sensitivity to radiation. In acknowledgment of the fact that none of the existing methods to assess RR are based on cell graphs topology, in this work we have examined how 2D cell networks, within a single colony, from different human lung cancer lines (H460, A549 and Calu-1) behave in response to doses of ionizing radiation ranging from 0 to 8 Gy. We measured the structure of resulting cell-graphs using well-assessed networks-analysis metrics, such as the clustering coefficient (cc), the characteristic path length (cpl), and the small world coefficient (SW). Findings of the work illustrate that the clustering characteristics of cell-networks show a marked sensitivity to the dose and cell line. Higher-than-one values of SW coefficient, clue of a discontinuous and inhomogeneous cell spatial layout, are associated to elevated levels of radiation and to a lower radio-resistance of the treated cell line. Results of the work suggest that topology could be used as a quantitative parameter to assess the cell radio-resistance and measure the performance of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tirinato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniel Garcia-Calderon
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Pagliari
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Francesca Spadea
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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39
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Photothermal effect of albumin-modified gold nanorods diminished neuroblastoma cancer stem cells dynamic growth by modulating autophagy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11774. [PMID: 35821262 PMCID: PMC9276769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the photothermal effect of gold nanorods (GNRs) on human neuroblastoma CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) via autophagic cell death. GNRs were synthesized using Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), covered with bovine serum albumin (BSA). CD133+ CSCs were enriched from human neuroblastoma using the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique. Cells were incubated with GNRs coated with BSA and exposed to 808-nm near-infrared laser irradiation for 8 min to yield low (43 °C), medium (46 °C), and high (49 °C) temperatures. After 24 h, the survival rate and the percent of apoptotic and necrotic CSCs were measured using MTT assay and flow cytometry. The expression of different autophagy-related genes was measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis. Protein levels of P62 and LC3 were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The viability of CSC was reduced in GNR-exposed cells compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At higher temperatures (49 °C), the percent of apoptotic CSCs, but not necrotic cells, increased compared to the lower temperatures. Levels of intracellular LC3 and P62 were reduced and increased respectively when the temperature increased to 49 °C (p < 0.05). These effects were non-significant at low and medium temperatures (43 and 46 °C) related to the control CSCs (p > 0.05). The clonogenic capacity of CSC was also inhibited after photothermal therapy (p < 0.05). Despite these changes, no statistically significant differences were found in terms of CSC colony number at different temperatures regardless of the presence or absence of HCQ. Based on the data, the combination of photothermal therapy with HCQ at 49 °C can significantly abort the CSC clonogenic capacity compared to the control-matched group without HCQ (p < 0.0001). PCR array showed photothermal modulation of CSCs led to alteration of autophagy-related genes and promotion of co-regulator of apoptosis and autophagy signaling pathways. Factors related to autophagic vacuole formation and intracellular transport were significantly induced at a temperature of 49 °C (p < 0.05). We also note the expression of common genes belonging to autophagy and apoptosis signaling pathways at higher temperatures. Data showed tumoricidal effects of laser-irradiated GNRs by the alteration of autophagic response and apoptosis.
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Fujiike AY, Lee CYAL, Rodrigues FST, Oliveira LCB, Barbosa-Dekker AM, Dekker RFH, Cólus IMS, Serpeloni JM. Anticancer effects of carboxymethylated (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucan (botryosphaeran) on multicellular tumor spheroids of MCF-7 cells as a model of breast cancer. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:521-537. [PMID: 35255775 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2048153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide among the female population. The fungal exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran is a (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucan with limited solubility in water that can be promoted through carboxymethylation. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine in-vitro anticancer effects of carboxymethylated-botryosphaeran (CM-BOT) on breast cancer MCF-7 cells cultivated in multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). CM-BOT (≥ 600 µ/ml) decreased the viability (resazurin assay) of MCF-7 grown in monolayers after 24 hr incubation. Although CM-BOT did not markedly alter viability of MCTS in the resazurin assay after 24, 48 or 72 hr, CM-BOT ≥ 600 µg/ml produced cell-death by apoptosis after 72 hr utilizing the triple staining assay and labeling dead cells with propidium iodide, which can also be visualized on the architecture of MCTS. CM-BOT (1000 µg/ml) inhibited cell proliferation, which resulted in MCTSs with smaller diameters than controls. CM-BOT at all concentrations examined decreased the ability of MCF-7 to form colonies and to migrate in the extracellular matrix. This is the first report using MCTS-architecture to study anti-tumor effects of β-glucans. Our findings are important in the search for compounds for use in breast cancer therapy, or as adjuvants in reducing the adverse effects of mammary tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Y Fujiike
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Oncogenética - Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Celina Y A L Lee
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Oncogenética - Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S T Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Larissa C B Oliveira
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Oncogenética - Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Aneli M Barbosa-Dekker
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24A, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Robert F H Dekker
- Beta-Glucan Produtos Farmoquímicos EIRELI, Lote 24, Bloco Zircônia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ilce M S Cólus
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Oncogenética - Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Serpeloni
- Laboratório de Mutagênese e Oncogenética - Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Markov AV, Ilyina AA, Salomatina OV, Sen’kova AV, Okhina AA, Rogachev AD, Salakhutdinov NF, Zenkova MA. Novel Soloxolone Amides as Potent Anti-Glioblastoma Candidates: Design, Synthesis, In Silico Analysis and Biological Activities In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050603. [PMID: 35631429 PMCID: PMC9145754 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of natural or semisynthetic triterpenoids with amines can be explored as a promising strategy for improving their pharmacological properties. Here, we report the design and synthesis of 11 novel amide derivatives of soloxolone methyl (SM), a cyano enone-bearing derivative of 18βH-glycyrrhetinic acid. Analysis of their bioactivities in vitro and in silico revealed their high toxicity against a panel of tumor cells (average IC50(24 h) = 3.7 µM) and showed that the formation of amide moieties at the C-30 position of soloxolone did not enhance the cytotoxicity of derivatives toward tumor cells compared to SM, though it can impart an ability to pass across the blood–brain barrier. Further HPLC–MS/MS and mechanistic studies verified significant brain accumulation of hit compound 12 (soloxolone tryptamide) in a murine model and showed its high anti-glioblastoma potential. It was found that 12 induced ROS-dependent and autophagy-independent death of U87 and U118 glioblastoma cells via mitochondrial apoptosis and effectively blocked their clonogenicity, motility and capacity to form vessel-like structures. Further in vivo study demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 12 at a dosage of 20 mg/kg effectively inhibited the growth of U87 glioblastoma in a mouse xenograft model, reducing the proliferative potential of the tumor and leading to a depletion of collagen content and normalization of blood vessels in tumor tissue. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that 12 can be considered as a promising leading compound for drug development in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-61
| | - Anna A. Ilyina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Oksana V. Salomatina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Alina A. Okhina
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Artem D. Rogachev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.O.); (A.D.R.)
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.I.); (O.V.S.); (A.V.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Aldinucci D. Current and Emerging Approaches to Study Microenvironmental Interactions and Drug Activity in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102427. [PMID: 35626032 PMCID: PMC9139207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumor progression and treatment response, making its evaluation critical for determining prognosis, treatment strategies and predicting an increase in drug toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to utilize more complex systems to study the cHL-TME and its interplay with tumor cells. To evaluate new anticancer drugs and to find the mechanisms of drug resistance, this review summarizes emerging approaches for the analysis of the TME composition and to identify the state of the disease; the in vitro techniques used to determine the mechanisms involved in the building of an immunosuppressive and protective TME; new 3-dimensional (3D) models, the heterospheroids (HS), developed to mimic TME interactions. Here, we describe the present and likely future clinical applications indicated by the results of these studies and propose a classification for the in vitro culture methods used to study TME interactions in cHL. Abstract Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by a few tumor cells surrounded by a protective and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) composed by a wide variety of noncancerous cells that are an active part of the disease. Therefore, new techniques to study the cHL-TME and new therapeutic strategies targeting specifically tumor cells, reactivating the antitumor immunity, counteracting the protective effects of the TME, were developed. Here, we describe new methods used to study the cell composition, the phenotype, and the spatial distribution of Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells and of noncancerous cells in tumor tissues. Moreover, we propose a classification, with increasing complexity, of the in vitro functional studies used to clarify the interactions leading not only to HRS cell survival, growth and drug resistance, but also to the immunosuppressive tumor education of monocytes, T lymphocytes and fibroblasts. This classification also includes new 3-dimensional (3D) models, obtained by cultivating HRS cells in extracellular matrix scaffolds or in sponge scaffolds, under non-adherent conditions with noncancerous cells to form heterospheroids (HS), implanted in developing chick eggs (ovo model). We report results obtained with these approaches and their applications in clinical setting.
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Tiwari DK, Hannen R, Unger K, Kohl S, Heß J, Lauber K, Subtil FSB, Dikomey E, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Schötz U. IL1 Pathway in HPV-Negative HNSCC Cells Is an Indicator of Radioresistance After Photon and Carbon Ion Irradiation Without Functional Involvement. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878675. [PMID: 35530351 PMCID: PMC9072779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of locally advanced HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with photon radiation is the standard of care but shows only moderate success. Alterations in response toward DNA DSB repair, apoptosis, and senescence are underlying determinants of radioresistance in the tumor cells. Recently, senescence and the associated secretory phenotype (SASP) came into the focus of research and raised the need to identify the tumor-promoting molecular mechanisms of the SASP. The aim of this project was to unravel more of this process and to understand the impact of the IL1 pathway, which plays a major role in SASP. The studies were performed for photon and 12C-ion irradiation, which strongly vary in their effect on radioresistance. Materials and Methods A panel of five HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines was treated with photon and 12C-ion irradiation and examined for clonogenic survival, DNA DSB repair, and senescence. SASP and IL1 gene expressions were determined by RNA sequencing and activation of the IL1 pathway by ELISA. A functional impact of IL1A and IL1B was examined by specific siRNA knockdown. Results Cell killing and residual DSBs were higher after 12C-ion than after photon irradiation. 12C-ion induced more senescence with a significant correlation with cell survival. The impact on radioresistance appears to be less than after photon irradiation. The expression of SASP-related genes and the IL1 pathway are strongly induced by both types of irradiation and correlate with radioresistance and senescence, especially IL1A and IL1B which exhibit excellent associations. Surprisingly, knockdown of IL1A and IL1B revealed that the IL1 pathway is functionally not involved in radioresistance, DSB repair, or induction of senescence. Conclusions IL1A and IL1B are excellent indicators of cellular radioresistance and senescence in HNSCC cells without functional involvement in these processes. Clearly more research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of senescence and SASP and its impact on radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Hannen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sibylla Kohl
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Heß
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group “Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ekkehard Dikomey
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Schötz
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrike Schötz,
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Schnöller LE, Albrecht V, Brix N, Nieto AE, Fleischmann DF, Niyazi M, Hess J, Belka C, Unger K, Lauber K, Orth M. Integrative analysis of therapy resistance and transcriptomic profiling data in glioblastoma cells identifies sensitization vulnerabilities for combined modality radiochemotherapy. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:79. [PMID: 35440003 PMCID: PMC9020080 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inherent resistance to radio/chemotherapy is one of the major reasons for early recurrence, treatment failure, and dismal prognosis of glioblastoma. Thus, the identification of resistance driving regulators as prognostic and/or predictive markers as well as potential vulnerabilities for combined modality treatment approaches is of pivotal importance. Methods We performed an integrative analysis of treatment resistance and DNA damage response regulator expression in a panel of human glioblastoma cell lines. mRNA expression levels of 38 DNA damage response regulators were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Inherent resistance to radiotherapy (single-shot and fractionated mode) and/or temozolomide treatment was assessed by clonogenic survival assays. Resistance scores were extracted by dimensionality reduction and subjected to correlation analyses with the mRNA expression data. Top-hit candidates with positive correlation coefficients were validated by pharmacological inhibition in clonogenic survival assays and DNA repair analyses via residual γH2AX/53BP1-foci staining. Results Inherent resistance to single-shot and similarly also to fractionated radiotherapy showed strong positive correlations with mRNA expression levels of known vulnerabilities of GBM, including PARP1, NBN, and BLM, as well as ATR and LIG4—two so far underestimated targets. Inhibition of ATR by AZD-6738 resulted in robust and dose-dependent radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells, whereas LIG4 inhibition by L189 had no noticeable impact. Resistance against temozolomide showed strong positive correlation with mRNA expression levels of MGMT as to be expected. Interestingly, it also correlated with mRNA expression levels of ATM, suggesting a potential role of ATM in the context of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells. ATM inhibition exhibited slight sensitization effects towards temozolomide treatment in MGMT low expressing glioblastoma cells, thus encouraging further characterization. Conclusions Here, we describe a systematic approach integrating clonogenic survival data with mRNA expression data of DNA damage response regulators in human glioblastoma cell lines to identify markers of inherent therapy resistance and potential vulnerabilities for targeted sensitization. Our results provide proof-of-concept for the feasibility of this approach, including its limitations. We consider this strategy to be adaptable to other cancer entities as well as other molecular data qualities, and its upscaling potential in terms of model systems and observational data levels deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Emanuel Schnöller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Albrecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Edward Nieto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Felix Fleischmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer' Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Orth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
FLASH radiotherapy is a novel technique that has been shown in numerous preclinical in vivo studies to have the potential to be the next important improvement in cancer treatment. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for the selective FLASH sparing effect of normal tissues are not yet known. An optimal translation of FLASH radiotherapy into the clinic would require a good understanding of the specific beam parameters that induces a FLASH effect, environmental conditions affecting the response, and the radiobiological mechanisms involved. Even though the FLASH effect has generally been considered as an in vivo effect, studies finding these answers would be difficult and ethically challenging to carry out solely in animals. Hence, suitable in vitro studies aimed towards finding these answers are needed. In this review, we describe and summarise several in vitro assays that have been used or could be used to finally elucidate the mechanisms behind the FLASH effect.
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Gravina GL, Colapietro A, Mancini A, Rossetti A, Martellucci S, Ventura L, Di Franco M, Marampon F, Mattei V, Biordi LA, Otterlei M, Festuccia C. ATX-101, a Peptide Targeting PCNA, Has Antitumor Efficacy Alone or in Combination with Radiotherapy in Murine Models of Human Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:289. [PMID: 35053455 PMCID: PMC8773508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation requires the orchestrated actions of a myriad of proteins regulating DNA replication, DNA repair and damage tolerance, and cell cycle. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a master regulator which interacts with multiple proteins functioning in these processes, and this makes PCNA an attractive target in anticancer therapies. Here, we show that a cell-penetrating peptide containing the AlkB homolog 2 PCNA-interacting motif (APIM), ATX-101, has antitumor activity in a panel of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines and patient-derived glioma-initiating cells (GICs). Their sensitivity to ATX-101 was not related to cellular levels of PCNA, or p53, PTEN, or MGMT status. However, ATX-101 reduced Akt/mTOR and DNA-PKcs signaling, and a correlation between high Akt activation and sensitivity for ATX-101 was found. ATX-101 increased the levels of γH2AX, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis when combined with radiotherapy (RT). In line with the in vitro results, ATX-101 strongly reduced tumor growth in two subcutaneous xenografts and two orthotopic GBM models, both as a single agent and in combination with RT. The ability of ATX-101 to sensitize cells to RT is promising for further development of this compound for use in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandra Rossetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy;
| | - Luca Ventura
- Division of Pathology, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.V.); (M.D.F.)
| | - Martina Di Franco
- Division of Pathology, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (L.V.); (M.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Biomedicine and Advanced Technologies Rieti Center, Sabina Universitas, 02100 Rieti, Italy;
| | - Leda Assunta Biordi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Medical Oncology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Marit Otterlei
- APIM Therapeutics A/S, N-7100 Rissa, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (A.R.)
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