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Shang F, Liu M, Song Y, Lu X, Zhang Q, Matsui H, Liu L, Ding A, Huang X, Liu X, Cao J, Wang Z, Dai Y, Kang L, Cai X, Zhang H, Zhu T. Substantial nitrogen abatement accompanying decarbonization suppresses terrestrial carbon sinks in China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7738. [PMID: 39232004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
China faces challenges in reaching its carbon neutrality goal by the year 2060 to meet the Paris Agreement and improving air quality simultaneously. Dramatic nitrogen emission reductions will be brought by this ambitious target, yet their impact on the natural ecosystem is not clear. Here, by combining two atmospheric chemistry models and two process-based terrestrial ecosystem models constrained using nationwide measurements, we show that atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China's terrestrial land will decrease by 44-57% following two emission control scenarios including one aiming at carbon neutrality. They consequently result in a pronounced shrinkage in terrestrial net ecosystem production, by 11-20% depending on models and emission scenarios. Our results indicate that the nitrogen emission reductions accompanying decarbonization would undermine natural carbon sinks and in turn set back progress toward carbon neutrality. This unintended impact calls for great concern about the trade-offs between nitrogen management and carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxu Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingjie Lu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hitoshi Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zifa Wang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjiu Dai
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Kang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Cai
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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Liu Y, Du Y, Li Y, Li C, Zhong S, Xu Z, Wang C, Du D. Does Bidens pilosa L. Affect Carbon and Nitrogen Contents, Enzymatic Activities, and Bacterial Communities in Soil Treated with Different Forms of Nitrogen Deposition? Microorganisms 2024; 12:1624. [PMID: 39203466 PMCID: PMC11356382 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The deposition of nitrogen in soil may be influenced by the presence of different nitrogen components, which may affect the accessibility of soil nitrogen and invasive plant-soil microbe interactions. This, in turn, may alter the success of invasive plants. This study aimed to clarify the influences of the invasive plant Bidens pilosa L. on the physicochemical properties, carbon and nitrogen contents, enzymatic activities, and bacterial communities in soil in comparison to the native plant Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) Shih treated with simulated nitrogen deposition at 5 g nitrogen m-2 yr-1 in four forms (nitrate, ammonium, urea, and mixed nitrogen). Monocultural B. pilosa resulted in a notable increase in soil pH but a substantial decrease in the moisture, electrical conductivity, ammonium content, and the activities of polyphenol oxidase, β-xylosidase, FDA hydrolase, and sucrase in soil in comparison to the control. Co-cultivating B. pilosa and P. laciniata resulted in a notable increase in total soil organic carbon content in comparison to the control. Monocultural B. pilosa resulted in a notable decrease in soil bacterial alpha diversity in comparison to monocultural P. laciniata. Soil FDA hydrolase activity and soil bacterial alpha diversity, especially the indices of Shannon's diversity, Simpson's dominance, and Pielou's evenness, exhibited a notable decline under co-cultivated B. pilosa and P. laciniata treated with nitrate in comparison to those treated with ammonium, urea, and mixed nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsheng Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yizhuo Du
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yue Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhelun Xu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
- Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.L.); (C.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.X.)
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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3
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Si R, Yu Z, Ma X, Wen Z, Luo T, Xu W, Liu L, Tang A, Wang K, Zhang L, Schweiger A, Goulding K, Liu X. Decreased nitrogen deposition in Beijing over the recent decade and its implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174808. [PMID: 39019264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition has been modified significantly by human activities such as agriculture and fossil fuel combustion. Understanding the changes in Nr deposition is essential for maintaining the functionality and sustainability of ecosystems. Taking Beijing as a case study, we report long-term measurements of wet Nr deposition from 1999 to 2022 and dry Nr deposition from 2010 to 2022 and their relationship with China's air pollution control. Total Nr deposition to Beijing decreased by 34 % during 2010-2022, mainly caused by a decrease in dry N deposition by 54.27 %, from 47.86 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2010-2014 to 21.89 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in 2018-2022; reduced and oxidized N in dry deposition decreased by 29.93 % and 72.05 %, respectively. This was a result of the "Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution (APCP)" and the implementation of the "Zero Growth in Fertilizer Use by 2020" in 2015. Our ground-based measurements provide evidence to support recent achievements in air pollution control and a reference and guidance for other regions of China and other countries for abating Nr pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziyin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Aohan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Andreas Schweiger
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, Department of Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Green Agriculture Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yan F, Chen W, Wang X, Jia S, Mao J, Cao J, Chang M. Significant Increase in Ammonia Emissions in China: Considering Nonagricultural Sectors Based on Isotopic Source Apportionment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:2423-2433. [PMID: 38270134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Isotopic source apportionment results revealed that nonagricultural sectors are significant sources of ammonia (NH3) emissions, particularly in urban areas. Unfortunately, nonagricultural sources have been substantially underrepresented in the current anthropogenic NH3 emission inventories (EIs). Here, we propose a novel approach to develop a gridded EI of nonagricultural NH3 in China for 2016 using a combination of isotopic source apportionment results and the emission ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and NH3. We estimated that isotope-corrected nonagricultural NH3 emissions were 4370 Gg in China in 2016, accounting for an increase in the total NH3 emissions from 7 to 31%. As a result, compared to the original NH3 EI, the annual emissions of total NH3 increased by 35%. Thus, in comparison to the simulation driven by the original NH3 EI, the WRF-Chem model driven by the isotope-corrected NH3 EI has reduced the model biases in the surface concentrations and dry deposition flux of reduced nitrogen (NHx = gaseous NH3 + particulate NH4+) by 23 and 31%, respectively. This study may have wide-ranging implications for formulating targeted strategies for nonagricultural NH3 emissions controls, making it facilitate the achievement of simultaneously alleviating nitrogen deposition and atmospheric pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Yan
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shiguo Jia
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingying Mao
- Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Jiachen Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511443, China
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5
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Du C, Guo Q, Wu P, Yi Z, Wei R, Dong X, Zerizghi T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Estimating atmospheric nitrogen deposition within a large river basin using moss nitrogen and isotope signatures. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140617. [PMID: 37926163 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Assessing flux and primary sources of the atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition with high spatial resolution remained challenging. The epilithic moss is considered a suitable biological monitor to explore N deposition. Our study presented a detailed analysis of flux and major source contributions of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) deposition using N and δ15N signatures of epilithic moss collected densely from the Yangtze River basin. The results showed a more negative δ15N and higher N concentration of the moss in cropland and urban area than in forest and grassland of the basin. A gradient of the estimated N deposition (9.6-34.0 kg ha-1 yr-1) occurred from the Tibetan Plateau to lower reaches, with amount of NH4+ was approximately three times higher than NO3- deposition. The contribution from volatilization to NH4+ deposition (33.28 ± 8.10%) was less than the contribution from combustion (66.72 ± 8.10%), inconsistent with the traditional findings that N fertilizer and livestock waste are the principal sources of NH3 emissions. Fossil fuel was the dominant sources of NO3- deposition, accounted for 70.22 ± 18.67%. From 2006 to 2019, the source contribution of N deposition in forest remained unchanged, while NH3 volatilization and fossil fuel emitted NOx in urban areas have increased. Our findings highlighted the importance of combustion sources to N deposition in the Yangtze River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Du
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Pengcheng Wu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhaoqin Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Rongfei Wei
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinyuan Dong
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Teklit Zerizghi
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, PO Box 100281, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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You L, Ros GH, Chen Y, Liu X, Xu M, Zhang Y, de Vries W. Spatial variation in actual and required nitrogen use efficiency and the potential to close the gap by management practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166657. [PMID: 37659538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
To boost crop production, China uses almost a third of the world's nitrogen (N) fertilizer. However, N losses due to enhanced application of N fertilizers has led to surface water and groundwater pollution. A reduction in N losses without reducing crop yields is possible by increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which is important for the effective management of local crop production and water quality. This study used two representative agricultural counties in China (Quzhou and Qiyang) to assess if it is possible to achieve N loss thresholds in surface and groundwater by optimizing N management measures while maintaining actual crop production. We used a spatially explicit N balance model to assess the spatial variation in actual N inputs to soil and N losses to water, and in critical N losses and associated agricultural N inputs. We also used this model to calculate the spatial variation in actual NUEs and the required NUE to align actual crop production with N thresholds. We then assessed the feasibility of achieving the necessary NUE changes through optimizing agricultural N management strategies. It was found that actual N input exceeded critical N input in 95 and 83 % of the agricultural area in Quzhou and Qiyang, respectively. To meet actual crop production without exceeding N loss thresholds, the NUE needs to increase with 11 to 15 % whereas the total N input needs to be reduced by 37 %. NUE gaps can be closed by reducing N rates, enhancing organic manure recycling, and using efficiency-enhancing fertilizers, with optimal combinations being dependent on site conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luncheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Gerard H Ros
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yongliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1971 Neil Avenue, 210 Baker Systems, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wim de Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Gao Q, Zhang X, Liu L, Lu X, Wang Y. A database of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes in China from satellite monitoring. Sci Data 2023; 10:698. [PMID: 37833298 PMCID: PMC10575929 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (IN) deposition to terrestrial ecosystems has significantly increased and caused various environmental issues. China has been one of the hotspot regions for IN deposition, yet limited data exist regarding IN deposition fluxes in China at the regional scale. In this study, based on NO2 and NH3 columns acquired by satellite sensors, coupled with atmospheric chemical transport model (CTM), mixed-effects model and site observations, we constructed regional-scale IN dry and wet deposition models respectively, and finally proposed a spatially explicit database of IN deposition fluxes in China. The database includes the dry, wet and total deposition fluxes in China during 2011-2020, and the data are presented in raster form with a resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°. Overall, the database is of great importance for monitoring and simulating the trends of IN deposition over a long time series in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuehe Lu
- School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Jiaxing City Land Space Planning Research Co., LTD, Jiaxing, 314006, China
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8
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Guo Y, Tan H, Zhang L, Liu G, Zhou M, Vira J, Hess PG, Liu X, Paulot F, Liu X. Global food loss and waste embodies unrecognized harms to air quality and biodiversity hotspots. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:686-698. [PMID: 37550539 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Global food loss and waste (FLW) undermines the resilience and sustainability of food systems and is closely tied to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals on climate, resource use and food security. Here we reveal strong yet under-discussed interconnections between FLW and two other Sustainable Development Goals of Human Health and Life on Land via the nitrogen cycle. We find that eliminating global FLW in 2015 would have reduced anthropogenic NH3 emissions associated with food production by 11.4 Tg (16%), decreased local PM2.5 concentrations by up to 5 μg m-3 and PM2.5-related years of life lost by 1.5 million years, and mitigated nitrogen critical load exceedances in global biodiversity hotspots by up to 19%. Halving FLW in 2030 will reduce years of life lost by 0.5-0.8 million years and nitrogen deposition by 4.7-6.0 Tg N per year (4%) (range for socioeconomic pathways). Complementary to near-term NH3 mitigation potential via technological measures, our study emphasizes incentivizing FLW reduction efforts from air quality and ecosystem health perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Guo
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Haiyue Tan
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mi Zhou
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Julius Vira
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter G Hess
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xueying Liu
- Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Fabien Paulot
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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9
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Dong J, Li B, Li Y, Zhou R, Gan C, Zhao Y, Liu R, Yang Y, Wang T, Liao H. Atmospheric ammonia in China: Long-term spatiotemporal variation, urban-rural gradient, and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 883:163733. [PMID: 37116808 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations have increased in China. Ammonia control has become one of the next hot topics in air pollution mitigation with the increasing cost of acid gas emission reduction. In this study, using Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite observations, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution, the urban-rural gradient of the vertical column densities (VCDs) of NH3 and the contribution of influencing factors (meteorology, social, atmospheric acid gases, and NH3 emissions) in China from 2008 to 2019 using hotspot analysis, circular gradient analysis, geographical and temporal weighted regression, and some other methods. Our results showed that NH3 VCDs in China have significantly increased (31.88 %) from 2008 to 2019, with the highest occurring in North China Plain. The average NH3 VCDs in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas, and the urban-rural gap in NH3 VCDs was widening. The results of circular gradient analysis showed an overall decreasing trend in NH3 VCDs along the urban-rural gradient. We used a geographically and temporally weighted regression model to analyze the contribution of various influencing factors to NH3 VCDs: meteorology (30.13 %), social (27.40 %), atmospheric acid gases (23.20 %), and NH3 emissions (19.28 %) factors. The results showed substantial spatiotemporal differences in the influencing factors. Atmospheric acid gas was the main reason for the increase in NH3 VCDs from 2008 to 2019. A more thorough understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution, urban-rural variations, and factors influencing NH3 in China will aid in developing control strategies to reduce PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Gan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yongqi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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10
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Zhang Z, Deng C, Dong L, Zou T, Yang Q, Wu J, Li H. Evaluating the anthropogenic nitrogen emissions to water using a hybrid approach in a city cluster: Insights into historical evolution, attribution, and mitigation potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158500. [PMID: 36089012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions from agricultural production and food consumption in city clusters have caused water quality degradation and scarcity. In this study, anthropogenic Nr emissions to the water environment were quantitatively evaluated in the Yangtze River Delta city cluster from 2011 to 2020 using coupling nitrogen (N) flow analysis and the grey water footprint (GWF) method. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the GWF and the relative contributions of natural and human factors to the water pollution level (WPL) were analyzed. The results showed that from 2011 to 2020, the total N-related GWF decreased by 12.1 %, mainly driven by reduced fertilizer application and livestock numbers. In 2020, the primary pollution source changed from livestock to humans; however, non-point sources still dominated the GWF. The spatial clustering trend of the GWF was significant: high and low GWF were mainly concentrated in the northeast and southwest regions, respectively. From 2011 to 2020, the mean center of the GWF moved west due to the decrease and increase in the eastern and western regions, respectively, supporting the pollution haven hypothesis. The WPL ranged from 2.67 to 5.03 and fluctuated due to variations in precipitation. The relative contributions of natural and human factors to the WPL evolution were 72.9 % and 27.1 %, respectively. According to the scenario analysis, increasing the N use efficiency to 50 %, manure recycling rate to 80 %, and sewage treatment rate in urban and rural regions to 98 % and 40 %, respectively, could decrease GWF by 39.6 %. The present study establishes an open framework to evaluate anthropogenic N emissions to water, and the outcomes provide valuable references for sustainable N management in city clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqian Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chenning Deng
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Li Dong
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tiansen Zou
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Queping Yang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haisheng Li
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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11
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Tan J, Su H, Itahashi S, Tao W, Wang S, Li R, Fu H, Huang K, Fu JS, Cheng Y. Quantifying the wet deposition of reactive nitrogen over China: Synthesis of observations and models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158007. [PMID: 35970459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimation on reaction nitrogen (Nr) deposition is highly demanded for assessing the impacts on the environment and human beings. This study investigated the wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen (IN) in mainland China by measurements from over 500 sites from five observational networks/databases and ensemble results of eleven chemical transport models (CTMs). Each data source has its focus and limitations and together formed a comprehensive view over China. But the inconsistency among different sources may hinder the appropriate usage of data. Model evaluation results demonstrated the models' deficiency in simulating the wet NO3- deposition over Southeast China (40 % underestimation) and showed an overall underestimation of wet NH4+ deposition over the hotspot regions (5-60 % underestimation). A synthesis of this study and twelve reference studies was conducted to quantify the national amount of wet IN deposition. The estimations by CTMs ranged 2.4-3.9 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NOy deposition and 4-6.7 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NHx deposition, after adjusting the results with 10-19 % underestimations in wet NOy deposition and 1-40 % underestimations in wet NHx deposition. The estimations by ground observations ranged 7.1-9 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NOy deposition and 8-13.1 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NHx deposition, which were 20-275 % higher than the estimation by CTMs, but the results were strongly influenced by the abundances and representative of measurements. Studies using statistical techniques to interpolate site observations predicted 3-5.5 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NOy deposition and 3.9-7.2 Tg(N) yr-1 for wet NHx deposition. This approach benefited from high accuracy and good robustness of the statistical models, but the uncertainty in the interpolation methods could be a potential drawback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Tan
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Syuichi Itahashi
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Wei Tao
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Siwen Wang
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Joshua S Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Minerva Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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12
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Baijuan Z, Zongxing L, Qi F, Juan G, Yue Z, Baiting Z. Environmental significance of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and arid region. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136096. [PMID: 35998736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ecological effect of atmospheric N deposition has become a hot research point along with intensive human activities and global climatic change. As the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and the arid region, the Qilian Mountains are important ecological barriers and source regions of inland rivers in northwest China. However, the quantification of N deposition in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the arid region remains unclear, primarily due to the lack of in situ measurements. Hence, an observational study was conducted on the Qilian Mountains, and precipitation data were collected. Approximately 1382 samples were collected and analyzed regarding their characteristics and environmental effects of the atmospheric N wet deposition. The annual wet deposition of atmospheric N was 10.05 kg/hm2, and showed a decreasing trend from the south to the north of the Qilian Mountains. NO3--N deposition was the main form of wet deposition of atmospheric N on the Qilian Mountains, accounting for 73.83% of the DIN deposition. Additionally, altitude, meteorological factors, and ecosystem types were found to influence the wet deposition of atmospheric N. The contribution of NO3--N to the wet deposition of atmospheric N in meadows, forests, grasslands, farmlands, and towns was 48.38%, 71.55%, 77.54%, 69.61%, and 82.84%, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for the effective management and sustainable development of environmental protection in the transition zone between the TP and the arid region. The results showed that relevant policies, as well as scientific and governmental measures, could contribute to reducing N deposition effectively. However, the further mitigation measures should be proposed and strictly enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Baijuan
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Zongxing
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Feng Qi
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Gui Juan
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhang Baiting
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Unexpected response of nitrogen deposition to nitrogen oxide controls and implications for land carbon sink. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3126. [PMID: 35668096 PMCID: PMC9170707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems in China receive the world’s largest amount of reactive nitrogen (N) deposition. Recent controls on nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions in China to tackle air pollution are expected to decrease N deposition, yet the observed N deposition fluxes remain almost stagnant. Here we show that the effectiveness of NOx emission controls for reducing oxidized N (NOy = NOx + its oxidation products) deposition is unforeseen in Eastern China, with one-unit reduction in NOx emission leading to only 55‒76% reductions in NOy-N deposition, as opposed to the high effectiveness (around 100%) in both Southern China and the United States. Using an atmospheric chemical transport model, we demonstrate that this unexpected weakened response of N deposition is attributable to the enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity by NOx emissions reductions. The decline in N deposition could bear a penalty on terrestrial carbon sinks and should be taken into account when developing pathways for China’s carbon neutrality. Recent vigorous controls in anthropogenic nitrogen oxide emissions in China cannot result in proportionate decreases in regional atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity offsets those reductions of precursor emissions.
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14
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Yu C, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zeng H, Chen W, Chen W, Lou H, Yu W, Wu J. Effects of Strigolactone on Torreya grandis Gene Expression and Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Simulated Nitrogen Deposition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:908129. [PMID: 35720604 PMCID: PMC9201785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.908129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen enters the terrestrial ecosystem through deposition. High nitrogen levels can affect physical and chemical properties of soil and inhibit normal growth and reproduction of forest plants. Nitrogen modulates the composition of soil microorganisms. Strigolactones inhibits plant branching, promotes root growth, nutrient absorption, and promotes arbuscular fungal mycelia branching. Plants are subjected to increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the relationship between strigolactone and nitrogen deposition of plants and abundance of soil microorganisms. In the present study, the effects of strigolactone on genetic responses and soil microorganisms of Torreya grandis, under simulated nitrogen deposition were explored using high-throughput sequencing techniques. T. grandis is a subtropical economic tree species in China. A total of 4,008 differentially expressed genes were identified in additional N deposition and GR24 treatment. These genes were associated with multiple GO terms and metabolic pathways. GO enrichment analysis showed that several DEGs were associated with enrichment of the transporter activity term. Both additional nitrogen deposition and GR24 treatment modulated the content of nutrient elements. The content of K reduced in leaves after additional N deposition treatment. The content of P increased in leaves after GR24 treatment. A total of 20 families and 29 DEGs associated with transporters were identified. These transporters may be regulated by transcription factors. A total of 1,402,819 clean reads and 1,778 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generated through Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. Random forest classification revealed that Legionella, Lacunisphaera, Klebsiella, Bryobacter, and Janthinobacterium were significantly enriched in the soil in the additional N deposition group and the GR24 treatment group. Co-occurrence network analysis showed significant differences in composition of soil microbial community under different treatments. These results indicate a relationship between N deposition and strigolactones effect. The results provide new insights on the role of strigolactones in plants and composition of soil microorganisms under nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- NFGA Engineering Research Center for Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- NFGA Engineering Research Center for Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Meng F, Wang M, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Ma L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wei Z, Hou Y, Liu X, Xu W, Zhang F. Nitrogen losses from food production in the North China Plain: A case study for Quzhou. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151557. [PMID: 34762946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) management is essential for food security. The North China Plain is an important food producing region, but also a hotspot of N losses to the environment. This results in water, soil, and air pollution. In this study, we aim to quantify the relative contribution of different crops and animals to N losses, by taking the Quzhou county as a typical example in the North China Plain. We developed and applied a new version of the NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment, and Resource use (NUFER) model. Our model is based on updated information for N losses in Quzhou. Our results show that N losses to the environment from crop and animal production in Quzhou were approximately 9 kton in 2017. These high N losses can be explained by the low N use efficiency in food production because of poor N management. For crop production, wheat, maize, and vegetables contributed 80% to N losses. Ammonia emissions and N leaching have dominant shares in these N losses. Pigs and laying hens were responsible for 74% of N losses from animal production. Ammonia emissions to air and direct discharges of manure to water were the main contributors to these N losses. Effective reduction of N losses requires improving the nutrient management in crop (wheat, maize, vegetables) and animal (pigs, laying hens) production. Our work could support the Agricultural Green Development in the North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhibiao Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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16
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He S, Huang M, Zheng L, Chang M, Chen W, Xie Q, Wang X. Seasonal variation of transport pathways and potential source areas at high inorganic nitrogen wet deposition sites in southern China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:444-453. [PMID: 35459507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study attempts to identify the dominant transport pathways, potential source areas, and their seasonal variation at sites with high inorganic nitrogen (IN) wet deposition flux in southern China. This is a long-term study (2010-2017) based on continuous deposition measurements at the Guangzhou urban site (GZ) and the Dinghushan Natural Reserve site (DHS) located in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A dataset on monthly IN concentration in precipitation and wet deposition flux were provided. The average annual fluxes measured at both sites (GZ: 33.04±9.52, DHS: 20.52±10.22 kg N/(ha∙year)) were higher, while the ratios of reduced to oxidized N (GZ: 1.19±0.77, DHS: 1.25±0.84) were lower compared with the national mean level and the previous reported level throughout the PRD region. The dominant pathways were not always consistent with the highest proportional trajectory clusters. The transport pathways contributing most of deposition were identified in the north and north-northeast in the dry season and in the east-southeast, east, and south-southwest in the wet season. A weighted potential source contribution function (WPSCF) value >0.3 was determined reasonably to define the potential source area. Emission within the PRD region contributed the majority (≥95% at both sites) of the IN deposition in the wet season, while the contribution outside the region increased significantly in the dry season (GZ: 27.86%, DHS: 95.26%). Our results could help create more effective policy to control precursor emissions for IN fluxes, enabling reduction of the ecological risks due to excessive nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuidi He
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Minjuan Huang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Lianming Zheng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianqian Xie
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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17
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Yang Y, Zhao T, Jiao H, Wu L, Xiao C, Guo X, Jin C. Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen Deposition in Strategic Water Sources of China after COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052734. [PMID: 35270428 PMCID: PMC8910537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition (AND) may lead to water acidification and eutrophication. In the five months after December 2019, China took strict isolation and COVID-19 prevention measures, thereby causing lockdowns for approximately 1.4 billion people. The Danjiangkou Reservoir refers to the water source in the middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, where the AND has increased significantly; thus, the human activities during the COVID-19 period is a unique case to study the influence of AND to water quality. This work monitored the AND distribution around the Danjiangkou Reservoir, including agricultural, urban, traffic, yard, and forest areas. After lockdown, the DTN, DON, and Urea-N were 1.99 kg · hm−2 · month−1, 0.80 kg · hm−2 · month−1, and 0.15 kg · hm−2 · month−1, respectively. The detected values for DTN, DON, and Urea-N in the lockdown period decreased by 9.6%, 30.4%, and 28.97%, respectively, compared to 2019. The reduction in human activities is the reason for the decrease. The urban travel intensity in Nanyang city reduced from 6 to 1 during the lockdown period; the 3 million population which should normally travel out from city were in isolation at home before May. The fertilization action to wheat and orange were also delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Tongqian Zhao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Huazhe Jiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
| | - Chao Jin
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.Y.); (L.W.); (C.X.); (X.G.); (C.J.)
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Zhang Y, Jin Y, Xu J, He H, Tao Y, Yang Z, Bai Y. Effects of exogenous N and endogenous nutrients on alpine tundra litter decomposition in an area of high nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150388. [PMID: 34818765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of N deposition on the C and N cycles via altered litter decomposition rates are an important aspect of global environmental change. The Changbai Mountain region experienced a high N deposition (2.7 g·m-2·year-1 in 2015) and corresponding expansion of Deyeuxia purpurea into the alpine tundra, resulting in changes in endogenous nutrients. However, the relative contributions of the N deposition and endogenous litter nutrients to litter decompositions remain unclear. Therefore, a 5-year N addition and 2-year litter decomposition experiments were conducted. Exogenous N reduced the remaining litter mass of Rhododendron aureum at the early stage (30-240 d) by promoting soluble sugar release, and increased it at the late stage (360-720 d) by suppressing lignin release and decreasing soil microbial community and enzyme activity. A higher proportion of D. purpurea litter (representing higher N, lower lignin, and C:N ratio) decreased remaining litter mass and increased net N release. Exogenous N decreased decomposition rate from 0.32 to 0.21 and net N release from 34% to 24%, whereas litter compositions increased decomposition rates from 0.32 to 0.69 and net litter N release from 34% to 69%. Endogenous litter nutrients directly explained 62% and 40% of the litter decomposition and net N release variables, respectively, whereas exogenous N indirectly explained 12% and 9%, respectively. Thus, we infer that the reductions in C and N storage following D. purpurea expansion may offset the increases of C and N storage under N deposition and the expansion of D. purpurea has a potential long-term negative impact on the ability of tundra plants to sequester C and N in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains. These findings highlight how shifting plant expansion, through changes endogenous nutrients, can influence tundra litter decomposition and C and N storage responses to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Hongshi He
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yunyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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Zhu X, Shen J, Li Y, Liu X, Xu W, Zhou F, Wang J, Reis S, Wu J. Nitrogen emission and deposition budget in an agricultural catchment in subtropical central China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117870. [PMID: 34385131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of emissions and depositions of atmospheric reactive nitrogen species (Nrs) in a region is important to uncover the sources and sinks of atmospheric Nrs in the region. In this study, atmospheric total Nrs depositions including both wet-only and dry deposition were monitored simultaneously across major land-use types in a 105 km2 catchment called Jinjing River Catchment (JRC) in subtropical central China from 2015 to 2016. Based on activity data and emission factors for the main Nrs emission sources, ammonia (NH3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission inventories for the catchment were also compiled. The estimated total Nrs deposition in JRC was 35.9 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with approximately 49.7 % attributed to reduced compounds (NHx), and 40.5 % attributed to oxidized (NOy). The total Nrs emission rate in JRC was 80.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with 61.5 and 18.9 kg N ha-1 yr-1 from NH3 and NOx emissions, respectively. Livestock excretion and fertilization were the two main contributing emission sources for NH3, while vehicle sources contributed the bulk of NOx emissions. The net atmospheric budgets of Nrs in paddy field, forest, and tea field were +3.7, -36.1, and +23.8 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. At the catchment scale, the net atmospheric budget of Nrs was +47.7 kg N ha-1 yr-1, with +43.7 kg N ha-1 yr-1 of NHx and +4.0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 of NOy, indicating that the subtropical catchment was net sources of atmospheric Nrs. Considering that excessive atmospheric Nr emissions and deposition may cause adverse effects on the environment, effects should be conducted to mitigate the Nrs emissions from agriculture and transportation, and increasing the area of forest is good for reducing the net positive budget of atmospheric Nrs in the subtropical catchments in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK; University of Exeter Medical School, European Centre for Environment and Health, Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
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20
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Chen C, Zhang H, Yan W, Wu N, Zhang Q, He K. Aerosol water content enhancement leads to changes in the major formation mechanisms of nitrate and secondary organic aerosols in winter over the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117625. [PMID: 34186500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, severe air pollution still frequently occurs in winter despite the effective implementation of clean air actions in China. Therefore, field measurements of particle composition and gas precursors were collected from December 1, 2018 to January 15, 2019 at an urban site in a central Chinese city to investigate the existing mechanisms of pollution. The hourly averaged PM2.5 concentration during the campaign was 92.7 μg m-3, with nitrate and organic aerosol (OA) demonstrated as the principal components. Generally, NO2 oxidation in the daytime was observed as the major mechanism for nitrate generation, and aerosol water content (AWC) showed its influential role with the associated increases in the nitrogen oxidation and nitrate partitioning ratios. When AWC increased from dozens to hundreds of μg m-3 after the afternoon, nocturnal N2O5 hydrolysis was demonstrated as the overriding mechanism and provoked extreme contamination of nitrates. Five sources of organic aerosols (OAs) were identified: hydrocarbon-like OAs (HOAs, 16.5%), coal combustion OAs (CCOAs, 19.2%), biomass burning OAs (BBOAs, 9.9%), semi-volatile oxygenated OAs (SV-OOAs, 29.4%), and low-volatile oxygenated OAs (LV-OOAs, 25.0%). SV-OOAs and LV-OOAs were identified as gasSOAs and aqSOAs according to their sensitivities to the atmospheric oxidation capacity and AWC. In addition, aqueous-phase processing was found to be the dominant pathway for SOA formation when the AWC concentration was higher than 80 μg m-3. As an influential factor for nitrate and SOA formation, AWC could be greatly affected by RH and the concentrations of inorganic species. Sulfate, which was mainly contributed by anthropogenic emissions, was demonstrated to be a significant factor for active aqueous phase reactions, although SO2 has been dramatically reduced in recent years. Above all, this study revealed the significant role of AWC in current pollution episode in winter, and will assist in establishing future measures for pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Chen
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haixu Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Weijia Yan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nana Wu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kebin He
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Zhang X, Ren C, Gu B, Chen D. Uncertainty of nitrogen budget in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117216. [PMID: 33965801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy of the nitrogen (N) budget is of great importance for evidence-based decision-making to address both food security and environmental protection challenges. This study attempts to advance understanding of uncertainties in China's N budget using the Coupled Human And Natural Systems (CHANS) model and Monte Carlo simulation from 1980 to 2018. Results show that the spatial and temporal variations in agricultural and industrial activities and insufficient knowledge on N cycling parameterization are the two dominant causes of uncertainties in the N budget in China. Uncertainties of N inputs generally are <10%, while they are <30% for N outputs and >30% for N accumulations. Uncertainty of nitrogen oxides emission is more sensitive to energy consumption due to the large contributions from industry and transportation. While the uncertainty of ammonia emission is predominantly affected by agricultural activity. Combining surface measurements, satellite observations, and atmospheric simulation models enables cross-check of N fluxes in multiple systems and reduces uncertainties of N budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Chenchen Ren
- Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baojing Gu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Deli Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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22
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Huang H, Song W, Liu XY. Significant contributions of combustion-related NH 3 and non-fossil fuel NO x to elevation of nitrogen deposition in southwestern China over past five decades. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4392-4402. [PMID: 34089542 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emissions and deposition have been increasing over past decades. However, spatiotemporal variations of N deposition levels and major sources remain unclear in many regions, which hinders making strategies of emission mitigation and evaluating effects of elevated N deposition. By investigating moss N contents and δ15 N values in southwestern (SW) China in 1954-1964, 1970-1994, and 2005-2015, we reconstructed fluxes and source contributions of atmospheric ammonium ( NH 4 + ) and nitrate ( NO 3 - ) deposition and evaluated their historical changes. For urban and non-urban sites, averaged moss N contents did not differ between 1954-1964 and 1970-1994 (1.2%-1.3%) but increased distinctly in 2005-2015 (1.6%-2.3%), and averaged moss δ15 N values decreased from +0.4‰ to +3.3‰ in 1954-1964 to -1.9‰ to -0.7‰ in 1974-1990, and to -4.8‰ to -3.6‰ in 2005-2015. Based on quantitative estimations, N deposition levels from the 1950s to the 2000s did not change in the earlier 20 years but were elevated substantially in the later 30 years. Moreover, the elevation of NH 4 + deposition (by 12.2 kg-N/ha/year at urban sites and 4.6 kg-N/ha/year at non-urban sties) was higher than that of NO 3 - deposition (by 6.0 and 2.9 kg-N/ha/year, respectively) in the later 30 years. This caused a shifted dominance from NO 3 - to NH 4 + in N deposition. Based on isotope source apportionments, contributions of combustion-related NH3 sources (vehicle exhausts, coal combustion, and biomass burning) to the elevation of NH 4 + deposition were two times higher than volatilization NH3 sources (wastes and fertilizers) in the later 30 years. Meanwhile, non-fossil fuel NOx sources (biomass burning, microbial N cycles) contributed generally more than fossil fuel NOx sources (vehicle exhausts and coal combustion) to the elevation of NO 3 - deposition. These results revealed significant contributions of combustion-related NH3 and non-fossil fuel NOx emissions to the historical elevation of N deposition in SW China, which is useful for emission mitigation and ecological effect evaluation of atmospheric N loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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23
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang M, Wang K, Meng F, Liu L, Zhao Y, Ma L, Zhu Q, Xu W, Zhang F. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A review of quantification methods and its spatial pattern derived from the global monitoring networks. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112180. [PMID: 33865187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a vital component of the global N cycle. Excessive N deposition on the Earth's surface has adverse impacts on ecosystems and humans. Quantification of atmospheric N deposition is indispensable for assessing and addressing N deposition-induced environmental issues. In the present review, we firstly summarized the current methods applied to quantify N deposition (wet, dry, and total N deposition), their advantages and major limitations. Secondly, we illustrated the long-term N deposition monitoring networks worldwide and the results attained via such long-term monitoring. Results show that China faces heavier N deposition than the United States, European countries, and other countries in East Asia. Next, we proposed a framework for estimating the atmospheric wet and dry N deposition using a combined method of surface monitoring, modeling, and satellite remote sensing. Finally, we put forth the critical research challenges and future directions of the atmospheric N deposition. CAPSULE: A review of quantification methods and the global data on nitrogen deposition and a systematic framework was proposed for quantifying nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fanlei Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Qichao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract
To feed an increasingly affluent population, reactive nitrogen (Nr) inputs to China’s lands and waters have substantially increased over the past century. Today, China’s Nr emissions account for over one third of global total emissions, leading to serious environmental pollution and health damages. Quantifying the spatial variability of Nr inputs is crucial for the identification of intervention points to mitigate Nr pollution, which, however, is not well known. Here, we present a database describing Nr inputs to China for the year 2017 with a 1 km × 1 km resolution, considering land use and Nr sources, compiled by using the CHANS model. Results show that the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin and the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Plain are hotspots of Nr inputs, where per hectare Nr input is an order of magnitude higher than that in other regions. Cropland and surface water bodies receive much higher Nr inputs than other land use types. This unique database will provide basic data for research on environmental health and global change modelling. Measurement(s) | reactive nitrogen species | Technology Type(s) | computational modeling technique | Factor Type(s) | land use • geographic location • reactive nitrogen source | Sample Characteristic - Location | China |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12971939
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25
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Wen Z, Xu W, Li Q, Han M, Tang A, Zhang Y, Luo X, Shen J, Wang W, Li K, Pan Y, Zhang L, Li W, Collett JL, Zhong B, Wang X, Goulding K, Zhang F, Liu X. Changes of nitrogen deposition in China from 1980 to 2018. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106022. [PMID: 32795750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
China has experienced a dramatic change in atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions over the past four decades. However, it remains unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition has responded to increases and/or decreases in Nr emissions. This study quantitatively assesses temporal and spatial variations in measurements of bulk and calculated dry N deposition in China from 1980 to 2018. A long-term database (1980-2018) shows that bulk N deposition peaked in around 2000, and had declined by 45% by 2016-2018. Recent bulk and dry N deposition (based on monitoring from 2011 to 2018) decreased from 2011 to 2018, with current average values of 19.4 ± 0.8 and 20.6 ± 0.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Oxidized N deposition, especially dry deposition, decreased after 2010 due to NOx emission controls. In contrast, reduced N deposition was approximately constant, with reductions in bulk NH4+-N deposition offset by a continuous increase in dry NH3 deposition. Elevated NH3 concentrations were found at nationwide monitoring sites even at urban sites, suggesting a strong influence of both agricultural and non-agricultural sources. Current emission controls are reducing Nr emissions and deposition but further mitigation measures are needed, especially of NH3, built on broader regional emission control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengjuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaosheng Luo
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China
| | - Kaihui Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Fujian Institute of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Jeffery Lee Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Buqing Zhong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- The Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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26
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Chen S, Cheng M, Guo Z, Xu W, Du X, Li Y. Enhanced atmospheric ammonia (NH 3) pollution in China from 2008 to 2016: Evidence from a combination of observations and emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114421. [PMID: 32244123 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increase of gaseous ammonia (NH3) concentration in the atmosphere significantly impacts the regional air quality, human health, and the nitrogen cycle of ecosystems. This study aims to verify the reanalyzed product of IASI NH3 (the ANNI-NH3-v2.1R-I, hereafter referred to as IASI_NH3_R) and to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of atmospheric NH3 during 2008-2016 and its underlying influencing factors. Our results show a good agreement between spatial pattern and temporal (annual and monthly) trend of the satellite-derived surface NH3 concentrations and the measured near-ground NH3 measurements over different land covers in Eastern China, suggesting the IASI_NH3_R product can be used to investigate spatial and temporal trends of atmospheric NH3 concentration. The annual mean NH3 column concentrations peaked in the North China Plain (averaged 12 × 1015 mol cm-2 yr-1) and showed a significant increasing trend at a rate of 0.6 × 1015 mol cm-2 yr-1 during the entire period, which can be ascribed to densely populated, intensive agricultural activities and substantial reduction of SO2 and NO2 emissions since 2011. The NH3 column concentrations show a slight increase in winter in most regions of China, probably due to less precipitation amount and increased uncertainty for lower NH3 columns and the thermal contrast (TC). A large seasonal variation of NH3 column concentrations was observed, with the highest values in summer and the lowest in autumn. Such seasonal variation is mainly affected by seasonal differences in NH3 emissions and meteorological conditions. Our results suggest that the current control measures effectively decreased SO2 and NO2 pollution but are not yet apparent in the mitigation of atmospheric NH3 pollution, which also merits more attention considering that no effective measures are being implemented for NH3 emission control at a regional or national scale in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Miaomiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Division of Remote Sensing Data Application, National Satellite Meteorological Centre, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaohui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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27
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Chang M, Cao J, Ma M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen W, Fan Q, Liao W, Jia S, Wang X. Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to different ecosystems across eastern China: A comparison of three community models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137548. [PMID: 32325577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of nitrogen ecosystem loads mostly use the method of sampling observation combined with numerical model to estimate the spatial distribution pattern of nitrogen dry deposition flux. The selection of models is important which directly affects the reliability of the deposition flux results. In this study, the performance of three widely used models (WRF-Chem, EMEP, CMAQ) are compared. The dry deposition fluxes of typical active nitrogen components over eastern China showed uncertainties by a factor of 0.5 ~ 2 between the oxidized nitrogen (OXN) results of the three models and the observation network while the reduced nitrogen (RDN) simulation results are underestimated by a quarter of the observation reports. These three models show different results on four typical ecosystems: simulation of EMEP got the highest for OXN dry deposition flux on each ecosystem (urban 14.94 ± 4.92kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1, cropland/grassland 5.53 ± 5.11kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1, forest 4.75 ± 4.32kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1, water bodies 1.48 ± 1.53kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1); WRF-Chem has the highest value of RDN on the urban (8.91 ± 6.44kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1) and water bodies (1.01 ± 1.44kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1) while EMEP is highest in cropland/grassland (3.42 ± 3.43kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1) and forest (2.34 ± 1.94kgN ⋅ ha-1 ⋅ yr-1). CMAQ is in medium range for both OXN and RDN simulations on each ecosystem. Compare with the critical loads, CMAQ generates more exceeded critical load areas than WRF-Chem and EMEP on cropland/grassland and forests ecosystem. For water bodies, WRF-chem and CMAQ showed higher exceeding critical load areas than EMEP. In summary, EMEP generally underestimates while the CMAQ and WRF-Chem model would overestimate the impacts on the ecosystems. So, policy implementation needs special attention accounting the difference of simulation effect with different models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Cao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingrui Ma
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimou Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Liao
- Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguo Jia
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kong L, Tang X, Zhu J, Wang Z, Pan Y, Wu H, Wu L, Wu Q, He Y, Tian S, Xie Y, Liu Z, Sui W, Han L, Carmichael G. Improved Inversion of Monthly Ammonia Emissions in China Based on the Chinese Ammonia Monitoring Network and Ensemble Kalman Filter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12529-12538. [PMID: 31576752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emission inventories are an essential input in chemical transport models and are helpful for policy-makers to refine mitigation strategies. However, current estimates of Chinese NH3 emissions still have large uncertainties. In this study, an improved inversion estimation of NH3 emissions in China has been made using an ensemble Kalman filter and the Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System. By first assimilating the surface NH3 observations from the Ammonia Monitoring Network in China at a high resolution of 15 km, our inversion results have provided new insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of Chinese NH3 emissions. More enhanced NH3 emission hotspots, likely associated with industrial or agricultural sources, were captured in northwest China, where the a posteriori NH3 emissions were more than twice the a priori emissions. Monthly variations of NH3 emissions were optimized in different regions of China and exhibited a more distinct seasonality, with the emissions in summer being twice those in winter. The inversion results were well-validated by several independent datasets that traced gaseous NH3 and related atmospheric processes. These findings highlighted that the improved inversion estimation can be used to advance our understanding of NH3 emissions in China and their environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Climate and Environment Sciences (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Climate and Environment Sciences (ICCES), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zifa Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021 , China
| | - Yuepeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huangjian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qizhong Wu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Yuexin He
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shili Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yuzhu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zirui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenxuan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Lina Han
- Chengdu University of Information Technology , Chengdu 610225 , China
| | - Greg Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
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Wang W, Xu W, Collett JL, Liu D, Zheng A, Dore AJ, Liu X. Chemical compositions of fog and precipitation at Sejila Mountain in the southeast Tibetan Plateau, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:560-568. [PMID: 31330348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical compositions of fog and rain water were measured between July 2017 and September 2018 at Sejila Mountain, southeast Tibet, where fog events frequently occurred in original fir forests at altitude 3950 m. Fog water samples were collected using a Caltech Active Strand Cloud Collector (CASCC), and rain samples were collected using a precipitation gauge. Differences were observed between fog water and rain composition for most analyzed ions. Ion abundance in fog water was Ca2+ > Cl- > Na+ > SO42- > Mg2+ > NH4+ >K+ > NO3- whereas an order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Cl- > Mg2+ > SO42- > NO3- > K+ > NH4+ was observed for rain water. All ion concentrations were higher in fog water than in rain water. Additionally, Ca2+ was the dominant cation in both fog and rain samples, accounting for more than half of all measured cations. NH4+ and SO42- concentrations were notable for being higher in fog than rain water when compared with other ions. For trace elements, Al, As, Mn and Se were the most abundant elements in fog water; only Al and As were detected in rain water. Seventy-two hour back-trajectory analysis showed that air masses during fog and/or rain events mainly came from the south of Sejila Mountain. Spearman correlation analysis and source contribution calculations indicated that both marine and terrestrial sources contributed to the observed ion concentrations. Considering the higher concentrations of NH4+ and higher ratio of NH4+/NO3- measured in fog than in rain, we suggest that quantification of fog nitrogen deposition and its ecological effect in this area should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Tibet, Ministry of Education, Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet, 860000, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jeffrey L Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Duanyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Aihua Zheng
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Anthony J Dore
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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30
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A database of atmospheric nitrogen concentration and deposition from the nationwide monitoring network in China. Sci Data 2019; 6:51. [PMID: 31073123 PMCID: PMC6509345 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has increased substantially across China since 1980; however, data for N deposition fluxes since the 2000s has been very limited. Understanding and mitigating the impacts of N deposition requires long-term quantification of dry as well as wet deposition of key reactive nitrogen (Nr) species. Here we present a dataset for inorganic N concentrations and deposition for the period 2010-2015 in China, compiled from the nationwide deposition monitoring network. The dataset comprises information from 32 monitoring sites on concentrations and bulk deposition (wet plus part of dry deposition) fluxes of NH4+-N and NO3--N, air concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of the major Nr species NH3, NO2, HNO3, and particulate NH4+ and NO3-. This unique database is available inter alia to advance understanding of the spatial patterns of inorganic N concentrations and deposition in China and its associated effects, constrain primary Nr (e.g., NH3, NOx) emission inventories, and validate outputs of atmospheric chemistry and transport models.
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