1
|
Saba Villarroel PM, Hamel R, Gumpangseth N, Yainoy S, Koomhin P, Missé D, Wichit S. Global seroprevalence of Zika virus in asymptomatic individuals: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011842. [PMID: 38630843 PMCID: PMC11057727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread to five of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. Given the substantial number of asymptomatic infections and clinical presentations resembling those of other arboviruses, estimating the true burden of ZIKV infections is both challenging and essential. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of seroprevalence studies of ZIKV IgG in asymptomatic population to estimate its global impact and distribution. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted extensive searches and compiled a collection of articles published from Jan/01/2000, to Jul/31/2023, from Embase, Pubmed, SciELO, and Scopus databases. The random effects model was used to pool prevalences, reported with their 95% confidence interval (CI), a tool to assess the risk of study bias in prevalence studies, and the I2 method for heterogeneity (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023442227). Eighty-four studies from 49 countries/territories, with a diversity of study designs and serological tests were included. The global seroprevalence of ZIKV was 21.0% (95%CI 16.1%-26.4%). Evidence of IgG antibodies was identified in all WHO regions, except for Europe. Seroprevalence correlated with the epidemics in the Americas (39.9%, 95%CI:30.0-49.9), and in some Western Pacific countries (15.6%, 95%CI:8.2-24.9), as well as with recent and past circulation in Southeast Asia (22.8%, 95%CI:16.5-29.7), particularly in Thailand. Additionally, sustained low circulation was observed in Africa (8.4%, 95%CI:4.8-12.9), except for Gabon (43.7%), and Burkina Faso (22.8%). Although no autochthonous transmission was identified in the Eastern Mediterranean, a seroprevalence of 16.0% was recorded. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The study highlights the high heterogeneity and gaps in the distribution of seroprevalence. The implementation of standardized protocols and the development of tests with high specificity are essential for ensuring a valid comparison between studies. Equally crucial are vector surveillance and control methods to reduce the risk of emerging and re-emerging ZIKV outbreaks, whether caused by Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus or by the Asian or African ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rodolphe Hamel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nuttamonpat Gumpangseth
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phanit Koomhin
- Center of Excellence in Innovation on Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhonsithammarat, Thailand
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Durgam L, Pagag J, Indra Neela Y, Guruprasad L. Mutational analyses, pharmacophore-based inhibitor design and in silico validation for Zika virus NS3-helicase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37712848 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus is responsible for causing Zika infections and was declared as a public health emergency of international concern in February 2016. The Zika virus NS3-helicase is a viable drug target for the design of inhibitors due to its essential role in the replication of viral genome. The viral RNA is unwound by the NS3-helicase in order to enable the reproduction of viral genome by the NS5 protein. Zika virus infections in humans are being reported for the last 15 years. We have therefore carried out amino acid mutational analyses of NS3-helicase. NS3-helicase has two crucial binding sites: the ATP and RNA binding sites. The cofactor-ATP based pharmacophore was generated for virtual screening of ZINC database using Pharmit server, that is followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations of potential hits as probable Zika virus NS3-helicase inhibitors at the cofactor binding site. The drug-like properties of the molecules were analysed and, DFT calculations were performed on the five best molecules to reveal their stability in solvent phase compared to gas phase, the HOMO and LUMO and electrostatic potential maps to analyze the electronic and geometric characteristics. These are significant findings towards the discovery of new inhibitors of Zika virus NS3-helicase, a promising drug target to treat the Zika virus infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Durgam
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jishu Pagag
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Y Indra Neela
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Delrieu M, Martinet JP, O’Connor O, Viennet E, Menkes C, Burtet-Sarramegna V, Frentiu FD, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M. Temperature and transmission of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses: A systematic review of experimental studies on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 4:100139. [PMID: 37719233 PMCID: PMC10500480 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. In recent years, modelling studies have shown that climate change strongly influences vector-borne disease transmission, particularly rising temperatures. As a result, the risk of epidemics has increased, posing a significant public health risk. This review aims to summarize all published laboratory experimental studies carried out over the years to determine the impact of temperature on the transmission of arboviruses by the mosquito vector. Given their high public health importance, we focus on dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which are transmitted by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Following PRISMA guidelines, 34 papers were included in this systematic review. Most studies found that increasing temperatures result in higher rates of infection, dissemination, and transmission of these viruses in mosquitoes, although several studies had differing findings. Overall, the studies reviewed here suggest that rising temperatures due to climate change would alter the vector competence of mosquitoes to increase epidemic risk, but that some critical research gaps remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Méryl Delrieu
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Jean-Philippe Martinet
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Olivia O’Connor
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology,
Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Christophe Menkes
- ENTROPIE, IRD, University of New Caledonia, University of La Réunion,
CNRS, Ifremer, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), University of New
Caledonia, 45 Avenue James Cook - BP R4 98 851 - Nouméa Cedex, New
Caledonia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, And Centre for Immunology and Infection
Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000,
Australia
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International
Network, URE Dengue et Arborises, Nouméa 98845, New Caledonia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chan KWK, Bifani AM, Watanabe S, Choy MM, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG. Tissue-specific expansion of Zika virus isogenic variants drive disease pathogenesis. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104570. [PMID: 37068347 PMCID: PMC10130475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Asian lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a public health emergency in 2016 causing severe neurological pathologies with no apparent historical correlate to the mild, disease-causing innocuous member of the mosquito-borne flavivirus genus that was discovered in Africa in 1947. Replication error rate of RNA viruses combined with viral protein/RNA structural plasticity can lead to evolution of virus-induced pathogenicity that is critical to identify and validate. METHODS Infection studies in cells and A129 interferon alpha/beta receptor deficient mice with ZIKV French Polynesian H/PF/2013 clinical isolate, plaque-purified isogenic clone derivatives as well as infectious cDNA clone derived wild-type and site-specific mutant viruses, were employed together with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to pin-point the contributions of specific viral variants in neurovirulence recapitulated in our ZIKV mouse model. FINDINGS NGS analysis of the low-passage inoculum virus as well as mouse serum, brain and testis derived virus, revealed specific enrichment in the mouse brain that were not found in the other tissues. Specifically, non-structural (NS) protein 2A variant at position 117 along with changes in NS1 and NS4B were uniquely associated with the mouse brain isolate. Mutational analysis of these variants in cDNA infectious clones identified the NS2A A117V as the lethal pathogenic determinant with potential epistatic contribution of NS1 and NS4B variants in ZIKV brain penetrance. INTERPRETATION Our findings confirm that viral subpopulations drive ZIKV neuropathogenicity and identify specific sequence variants that expand in the mouse brain that associates with this phenotype which can serve as predictors of severe epidemics. FUNDING Duke-NUS Khoo Post-doctoral Fellowship Award 2020 (KWKC) and National Medical Research Council of Singapore grants MOH-000524 (OFIRG) (SW) and MOH-OFIRG20nov-0002 (SGV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Amanda Makha Bifani
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Milly M Choy
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore.
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, 117545, Singapore; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ngwe Tun MM, Mori D, Sabri SB, Kugan O, Shaharom SB, John J, Soe AM, Nwe KM, Dony JF, Inoue S, Morita K, Ahmed K. Serological Evidence of Zika Virus Infection in Febrile Patients and Healthy Blood Donors in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, 2017-2018. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 106:601-606. [PMID: 34814105 PMCID: PMC8832921 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Zika virus (ZIKV) seroprevalence studies have been conducted in Africa, Asia, Oceania, the Americas, and the Caribbean. However, studies on ZIKV seroprevalence are limited in Malaysia though several studies have shown that the disease is endemic in the Malaysian state of Sabah. To evaluate the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection, 818 serum samples were collected from febrile patients and healthy blood donors from the Kudat and Kota Kinabalu districts in Sabah from 2017 to 2018. They were screened for ZIKV infection by IgM and IgG ELISA, and positive ZIKV IgM samples were subjected to a 90% neutralization test for confirmation. Twenty-four (6% [95% CI 4 to 8]) confirmed and two (0.5% [95% CI 0.13 to 1.8]) probable ZIKV infections were detected among 400 febrile illness patients. Of 418 healthy blood donor samples, six (1.4% [95% CI 0.65 to 3]) were determined as confirmed ZIKV infections and six (1.4% [95% CI 0.65 to 3]) indicated probable ZIKV infection. This is the first study on the seroprevalence of ZIKV infections among patients and healthy blood donors in Sabah. Compared with previous studies in Malaysia, this study shows that the incidence of ZIKV infection has increased. It also suggests that a sero-surveillance system is essential to determine the circulation of ZIKV in Sabah, Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Leading Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Shahnaz Binti Sabri
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital II, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Omar Kugan
- Putatan District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putatan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Saliz Binti Shaharom
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital II, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jecelyn John
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aung Min Soe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Leading Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Khine Mya Nwe
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Leading Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Jiloris Frederick Dony
- Kota Kinabalu Public Health Laboratory, Sabah State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Leading Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Leading Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan;,Address correspondence to Kouichi Morita, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Leading Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan, E-mail: or Kamruddin Ahmed, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, E-mail:
| | - Kamruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;,Borneo Medical and Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;,Address correspondence to Kouichi Morita, Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine and Leading Program, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan, E-mail: or Kamruddin Ahmed, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiolle D, Moltini-Conclois I, Obame-Nkoghe J, Yangari P, Porciani A, Scheid B, Kengne P, Ayala D, Failloux AB, Paupy C. Experimental infections with Zika virus strains reveal high vector competence of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti populations from Gabon (Central Africa) for the African virus lineage. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1244-1253. [PMID: 34085899 PMCID: PMC8216262 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1939167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The two main Zika virus (ZIKV) vectors, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti (invasive and native species, respectively), are present in Gabon (Central Africa). The aim of this study was to determine the entomological ZIKV risk associated with these mosquito species in Gabon by evaluating their vector competence for an African (i.e. representative of the endemic strains circulating in sub-Saharan Africa) and two Asian (i.e. representatives of exogenous epidemic strains that could be introduced) ZIKV strains. The transmission efficiency of one Ae. aegypti and two Ae. albopictus field-collected populations from Libreville and Franceville was assayed at day 7, 14 and 21 after experimental oral infection. The two mosquito species could transmit all three ZIKV strains already at day 7 post-infection, but transmission efficiency was higher for the African strain than the non-African strains (>60% versus <14%; incubation period of 14–21 days). The two mosquito species exhibited comparable vector competence for ZIKV, although the amount of viral particles (African strain) in saliva was significantly higher in Ae. albopictus than Ae. aegypti at day 14 post-infection. These findings suggest that overall, ZIKV risk in Gabon is mainly related to virus strains that circulate endemically across sub-Saharan Africa, although the transmission of non-African strains remain possible in case of introduction. Due to its high infestation indexes and ecological/geographical ranges, this risk appears mainly associated with Ae. albopictus. Vector surveillance and control methods against this invasive mosquito must be strengthened in the region to limit the risk of future outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davy Jiolle
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe
- Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon.,Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Département de Biologie, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Patrick Yangari
- Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Angélique Porciani
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bethsabée Scheid
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Kengne
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Diego Ayala
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Ecologie des Systèmes Vectoriels, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, Montpellier University, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ou TP, Auerswald H, In S, Peng B, Pang S, Boyer S, Choeung R, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Dussart P, Duong V. Replication Variance of African and Asian Lineage Zika Virus Strains in Different Cell Lines, Mosquitoes and Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061250. [PMID: 34207488 PMCID: PMC8230095 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the epidemic in 2007, studies on vector competence for Zika virus (ZIKV) have intensified, showing that the transmission efficiency varies depending on the vector population, ZIKV strain, and dose of the infectious blood meal. In this study, we aimed to investigate the replication of African and Asian ZIKV strains in vitro and in vivo in order to reveal their phenotypic differences. In addition, we investigated the vector competence of Cambodian Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) mosquitoes (urban and rural) for these ZIKV strains. We observed a significantly higher pathogenicity of the African ZIKV strain in vitro (in mosquito and mammalian cells), and in vivo in both Ae. aegypti and mice. Both mosquito populations were competent to transmit ZIKV as early as 7 days p.i., depending on the population and the ZIKV strain. Ae. aegypti from rural habitats showed significant higher transmission and survival rates than those from urban. We observed the highest transmission efficiency for the African ZIKV isolate (93.3% 14 days p.i.) and for the Cambodian ZIKV isolate (80% 14 days p.i.). Overall, our results highlight the phenotypic differences of the ZIKV lineages and the potential risk of ZIKV transmission by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Further investigations of Cambodian mosquito species and ZIKV specific surveillance in humans is necessary in order to improve the local risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tey Putita Ou
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Borin Peng
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Senglong Pang
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia;
| | - Rithy Choeung
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- URE Dengue and Arboviruses, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Institut Pasteur International Network, Nouméa 98800, New Caledonia;
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 12156, Cambodia; (T.P.O.); (H.A.); (S.I.); (B.P.); (S.P.); (R.C.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nuñez AI, Talavera S, Birnberg L, Rivas R, Pujol N, Verdún M, Aranda C, Berdugo M, Busquets N. Evidence of Zika virus horizontal and vertical transmission in Aedes albopictus from Spain but not infectious virus in saliva of the progeny. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2236-2244. [PMID: 33008282 PMCID: PMC7594878 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1830718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus mosquitoes have been experimentally demonstrated to be a competent vector for Zika virus (ZIKV) in different countries, but there are still some gaps related to the importance of Ae. albopictus in ZIKV transmission. Recent studies on Spanish Ae. albopictus populations showed controversial results for ZIKV transmission and no studies have been performed yet to detect infectious ZIKV in saliva of progeny of infected female mosquitoes. Herein, the horizontal transmission (HT) and vertical transmission (VT) of ZIKV in field-collected Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from Spain were evaluated for ZIKV strains (African I and Asian lineages) to better estimate the risk of ZIKV transmission by Ae. albopictus. The two field-collected Ae. albopictus populations assayed were infected by all tested ZIKV strains, however differences in terms of vector competence were detected depending on strain-population combination. Moreover, a higher susceptibility to the African I lineage strain than to the Asian lineage strain was observed in both mosquito populations. On the other hand, VT was demonstrated for both ZIKV lineages, detecting the virus in both males and females of the progeny of infected females, although importantly ZIKV dissemination and transmission were not detected in the infected females from the offspring. The results of the present study demonstrate that Spanish Ae. albopictus populations could sustain virus transmission in case of ZIKV introduction, but VT would play a poor role in the ZIKV epidemiology. Overall, our results provide helpful information to health authorities to establish efficient surveillance and vector control programmes for ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Nuñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Raquel Rivas
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Núria Pujol
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.,Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Servei de Control de Mosquits, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Berdugo
- Institut de Biología evolutiva de Barcelona, Universidad Pompeu Fabra-CSIC, Dr. Aigüader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aubry F, Jacobs S, Darmuzey M, Lequime S, Delang L, Fontaine A, Jupatanakul N, Miot EF, Dabo S, Manet C, Montagutelli X, Baidaliuk A, Gámbaro F, Simon-Lorière E, Gilsoul M, Romero-Vivas CM, Cao-Lormeau VM, Jarman RG, Diagne CT, Faye O, Faye O, Sall AA, Neyts J, Nguyen L, Kaptein SJF, Lambrechts L. Recent African strains of Zika virus display higher transmissibility and fetal pathogenicity than Asian strains. Nat Commun 2021; 12:916. [PMID: 33568638 PMCID: PMC7876148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) revealed the unprecedented ability for a mosquito-borne virus to cause congenital birth defects. A puzzling aspect of ZIKV emergence is that all human outbreaks and birth defects to date have been exclusively associated with the Asian ZIKV lineage, despite a growing body of laboratory evidence pointing towards higher transmissibility and pathogenicity of the African ZIKV lineage. Whether this apparent paradox reflects the use of relatively old African ZIKV strains in most laboratory studies is unclear. Here, we experimentally compare seven low-passage ZIKV strains representing the recently circulating viral genetic diversity. We find that recent African ZIKV strains display higher transmissibility in mosquitoes and higher lethality in both adult and fetal mice than their Asian counterparts. We emphasize the high epidemic potential of African ZIKV strains and suggest that they could more easily go unnoticed by public health surveillance systems than Asian strains due to their propensity to cause fetal loss rather than birth defects. Here, the authors compare seven low passage Zika virus (ZIKV) strains representing the recently circulating viral genetic diversity of African and Asian strains and find that African ZIKV strains have higher transmissibility in mosquitoes and higher lethality in both adult and fetal mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Aubry
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sofie Jacobs
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maïlis Darmuzey
- GIGA-Stem Cells/GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), C.H.U. Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium.,Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leen Delang
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Albin Fontaine
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Marseille, France.,IRD, SSA, AP-HM, UMR Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Natapong Jupatanakul
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.,National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Elliott F Miot
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Manet
- Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Artem Baidaliuk
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.,Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Gámbaro
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses Group, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Maxime Gilsoul
- GIGA-Stem Cells/GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), C.H.U. Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Claudia M Romero-Vivas
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Medicina, Fundación Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Cheikh T Diagne
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou A Sall
- Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Unit, Institut Pasteur Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells/GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), C.H.U. Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Suzanne J F Kaptein
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bellone R, Lequime S, Jupille H, Göertz GP, Aubry F, Mousson L, Piorkowski G, Yen PS, Gabiane G, Vazeille M, Sakuntabhai A, Pijlman GP, de Lamballerie X, Lambrechts L, Failloux AB. Experimental adaptation of dengue virus 1 to Aedes albopictus mosquitoes by in vivo selection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18404. [PMID: 33110109 PMCID: PMC7591890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In most of the world, Dengue virus (DENV) is mainly transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti while in Europe, Aedes albopictus is responsible for human DENV cases since 2010. Identifying mutations that make DENV more competent for transmission by Ae. albopictus will help to predict emergence of epidemic strains. Ten serial passages in vivo in Ae. albopictus led to select DENV-1 strains with greater infectivity for this vector in vivo and in cultured mosquito cells. These changes were mediated by multiple adaptive mutations in the virus genome, including a mutation at position 10,418 in the DENV 3′UTR within an RNA stem-loop structure involved in subgenomic flavivirus RNA production. Using reverse genetics, we showed that the 10,418 mutation alone does not confer a detectable increase in transmission efficiency in vivo. These results reveal the complex adaptive landscape of DENV transmission by mosquitoes and emphasize the role of epistasis in shaping evolutionary trajectories of DENV variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bellone
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005, Paris, France.,Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.,Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henri Jupille
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Giel P Göertz
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Aubry
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Piorkowski
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Pei-Shi Yen
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Gabiane
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anavaj Sakuntabhai
- Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gorben P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Glavinic U, Varga J, Paslaru AI, Hauri J, Torgerson P, Schaffner F, Veronesi E. Assessing the role of two populations of Aedes japonicus japonicus for Zika virus transmission under a constant and a fluctuating temperature regime. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:479. [PMID: 32948231 PMCID: PMC7501641 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the huge epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil in 2015, questions were raised to understand which mosquito species could transmit the virus. Aedes aegypti has been described as the main vector. However, other Aedes species (e.g. Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus) proven to be competent for other flaviviruses (e.g. West Nile, dengue and yellow fever), have been described as potential vectors for ZIKV under laboratory conditions. One of these, the Asian bush mosquito, Ae. japonicus, is widely distributed with high abundances in central-western Europe. In the present study, infection, dissemination and transmission rates of ZIKV (Dak84 strain) in two populations of Ae. japonicus from Switzerland (Zürich) and France (Steinbach, Haut-Rhin) were investigated under constant (27 °C) and fluctuating (14-27 °C, mean 23 °C) temperature regimes. RESULTS The two populations were each able to transmit ZIKV under both temperature regimes. Infectious virus particles were detected in the saliva of females from both populations, regardless of the incubation temperature regime, from 7 days post-exposure to infectious rabbit blood. The highest amount of plaque forming units (PFU) (400/ml) were recorded 14 days post-oral infection in the Swiss population incubated at a constant temperature. No difference in terms of infection, dissemination and transmission rate were found between mosquito populations. Temperature had no effect on infection rate but the fluctuating temperature regime resulted in higher dissemination rates compared to constant temperature, regardless of the population. Finally, transmission efficiency ranged between 7-23% and 7-10% for the constant temperature and 0-10% and 3-27% under fluctuating temperatures for the Swiss and the French populations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study confirming vector competence for ZIKV of Ae. japonicus originating from Switzerland and France at realistic summer temperatures under laboratory conditions. Considering the continuous spread of this species in the northern part of Europe and its adaptation at cooler temperatures, preventative control measures should be adopted to prevent possible ZIKV epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uros Glavinic
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmin Varga
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anca Ioana Paslaru
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jeannine Hauri
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francis Schaffner
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Francis Schaffner Consultancy, Lörracherstrasse 50, 4125, Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Eva Veronesi
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ong NH, Chua CL, Liew JWK, Wan Sulaiman WY, Chan YF, Sam IC, Vythilingam I. Vector competence of Malaysian Aedes aegypti to Zika virus and impact of sequential arbovirus infections. Acta Trop 2020; 208:105472. [PMID: 32389451 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with global impact since 2015. Although ZIKV was first isolated from Aedes aegypti in Malaysia in 1965, not much is known about the competency of Malaysian Ae. aegypti to ZIKV. To date only 9 cases of ZIKV have been reported in Malaysia despite the abundance of mosquito vectors. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to ZIKV, and the impact of sequential infections in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) followed by ZIKV. Field-caught urban Ae. aegypti were orally challenged with a Martinique strain of ZIKV, and midgut, head/thorax and saliva were collected at 3, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi). At 14 dpi, ZIKV-exposed mosquitoes had infection and dissemination rates of 59% (n=10/17) and 90% (n=9/10), respectively. Average titres of 3.9 and 4.4 log pfu infectious ZIKV were recovered in midgut and head/thorax, respectively. In sequential infection, prior exposure of Ae. aegypti to DENV did not affect the subsequent ZIKV infection in head/thorax albeit with a low sample size. In conclusion, Malaysian urban Ae. aegypti is susceptible to the contemporary Asian lineage of ZIKV. The established and continuous DENV circulation in Ae. aegypti did not suppress ZIKV emergence in Malaysia. Other factors contributing to low level of ZIKV circulation in Malaysia remain to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nyee Huey Ong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Long Chua
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and New Caledonia for Three Zika Virus Lineages. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070575. [PMID: 32708536 PMCID: PMC7399907 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused severe epidemics in South America beginning in 2015, following its spread through the Pacific. We comparatively assessed the vector competence of ten populations of Aedesaegypti and Ae. albopictus from Brazil and two of Ae.aegypti and one of Culex quinquefasciatus from New Caledonia to transmit three ZIKV isolates belonging to African, Asian and American lineages. Recently colonized mosquitoes from eight distinct sites from both countries were orally challenged with the same viral load (107 TCID50/mL) and examined after 7, 14 and 21 days. Cx. quinquefasciatus was refractory to infection with all virus strains. In contrast, although competence varied with geographical origin, Brazilian and New Caledonian Ae. aegypti could transmit the three ZIKV lineages, with a strong advantage for the African lineage (the only one reaching saliva one-week after challenge). Brazilian Ae. albopictus populations were less competent than Ae. aegypti populations. Ae. albopictus generally exhibited almost no transmission for Asian and American lineages, but was efficient in transmitting the African ZIKV. Viral surveillance and mosquito control measures must be strengthened to avoid the spread of new ZIKV lineages and minimize the transmission of viruses currently circulating.
Collapse
|
14
|
Viennet E, Frentiu FD, Williams CR, Mincham G, Jansen CC, Montgomery BL, Flower RLP, Faddy HM. Estimation of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of Zika virus in Australia: Risks to blood transfusion safety. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008438. [PMID: 32663213 PMCID: PMC7380650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks have occurred in the Americas and the Pacific involving mosquito-borne and sexual transmission. ZIKV has also emerged as a risk to global blood transfusion safety. Aedes aegypti, a mosquito well established in north and some parts of central and southern Queensland, Australia, transmits ZIKV. Aedes albopictus, another potential ZIKV vector, is a threat to mainland Australia. Since these conditions create the potential for local transmission in Australia and a possible uncertainty in the effectiveness of blood donor risk-mitigation programs, we investigated the possible impact of mosquito-borne and sexual transmission of ZIKV in Australia on local blood transfusion safety. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We estimated 'best-' and 'worst-' case scenarios of monthly reproduction number (R0) for both transmission pathways of ZIKV from 1996-2015 in 11 urban or regional population centres, by varying epidemiological and entomological estimates. We then estimated the attack rate and subsequent number of infectious people to quantify the ZIKV transfusion-transmission risk using the European Up-Front Risk Assessment Tool. For all scenarios and with both vector species R0 was lower than one for ZIKV transmission. However, a higher risk of a sustained outbreak was estimated for Cairns, Rockhampton, Thursday Island, and theoretically in Darwin during the warmest months of the year. The yearly estimation of the risk of transmitting ZIKV infection by blood transfusion remained low through the study period for all locations, with the highest potential risk estimated in Darwin. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Given the increasing demand for plasma products in Australia, the current strategy of restricting donors returning from infectious disease outbreak regions to source plasma collection provides a simple and effective risk management approach. However, if local transmission was suspected in the main urban centres of Australia, potentially facilitated by the geographic range expansion of Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus, this mitigation strategy would need urgent review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig R. Williams
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gina Mincham
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cassie C. Jansen
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Queensland Department of Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brian L. Montgomery
- Metro South Public Health Unit, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L. P. Flower
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Manuel M, Missé D, Pompon J. Highly Efficient Vertical Transmission for Zika Virus in Aedes aegypti after Long Extrinsic Incubation Time. Pathogens 2020; 9:E366. [PMID: 32403319 PMCID: PMC7281418 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the Zika virus (ZIKV) 2014-2017 pandemic has subsided, there remains active transmission. Apart from horizontal transmission to humans, the main vector Aedes aegypti can transmit the virus vertically from mother to offspring. Large variation in vertical transmission (VT) efficiency between studies indicates the influence of parameters, which remain to be characterized. To determine the roles of extrinsic incubation time and gonotrophic cycle, we deployed an experimental design that quantifies ZIKV in individual progeny and larvae. We observed an early infection of ovaries that exponentially progressed. We quantified VT rate, filial infection rate, and viral load per infected larvae at 10 days post oral infection (d.p.i.) on the second gonotrophic cycle and at 17 d.p.i. on the second and third gonotrophic cycle. As compared to previous reports that studied pooled samples, we detected a relatively high VT efficiency from 1.79% at 10 d.p.i. and second gonotrophic cycle to 66% at 17 d.p.i. and second gonotrophic cycle. At 17 d.p.i., viral load largely varied and averaged around 800 genomic RNA (gRNA) copies. Longer incubation time and fewer gonotrophic cycles promoted VT. These results shed light on the mechanism of VT, how environmental conditions favor VT, and whether VT can maintain ZIKV circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menchie Manuel
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Dorothée Missé
- CNRS, IRD, MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Julien Pompon
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- CNRS, IRD, MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Winokur OC, Main BJ, Nicholson J, Barker CM. Impact of temperature on the extrinsic incubation period of Zika virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008047. [PMID: 32187187 PMCID: PMC7105136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged as a global human health threat, numerous studies have pointed to Aedes aegypti as the primary vector due to its high competence and propensity to feed on humans. The majority of vector competence studies have been conducted between 26-28°C, but arboviral extrinsic incubation periods (EIPs), and therefore transmission efficiency, are known to be affected strongly by temperature. To better understand the relationship between ZIKV EIPs and temperature, we evaluated the effect of adult mosquito exposure temperature on ZIKV infection, dissemination, and transmission in Ae. aegypti at four temperatures: 18°C, 21°C, 26°C, and 30°C. Mosquitoes were exposed to viremic mice infected with a 2015 Puerto Rican ZIKV strain, and engorged mosquitoes were sorted into the four temperatures with 80% RH and constant access to 10% sucrose. ZIKV infection, dissemination, and transmission rates were assessed via RT-qPCR from individual mosquito bodies, legs and wings, and saliva, respectively, at three to five time points per temperature from three to 31 days, based on expectations from other flavivirus EIPs. The median time from ZIKV ingestion to transmission (median EIP, EIP50) at each temperature was estimated by fitting a generalized linear mixed model for each temperature. EIP50 ranged from 5.1 days at 30°C to 24.2 days at 21°C. At 26°C, EIP50 was 9.6 days. At 18°C, only 15% transmitted by day 31 so EIP50 could not be estimated. This is among the first studies to characterize the effects of temperature on ZIKV EIP in Ae. aegypti, and the first to do so based on feeding of mosquitoes on a live, viremic host. This information is critical for modeling ZIKV transmission dynamics to understand geographic and seasonal limits of ZIKV risk; it is especially relevant for determining risk in subtropical regions with established Ae. aegypti populations and relatively high rates of return travel from the tropics (e.g. California or Florida), as these regions typically experience cooler temperature ranges than tropical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Winokur
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Graduate Group of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bradley J. Main
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jay Nicholson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Viveiros-Rosa SG, Regis EG, Santos WC. Vector competence of Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Zika virus transmission: an integrative review. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020; 44:e7. [PMID: 32025230 PMCID: PMC6996147 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify studies on the competence of Culex mosquitoes as vectors for the transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) around the globe. METHODS We performed an integrative review to identify relevant articles on specific experiments to determine whether Culex mosquitoes are vectors for ZIKV. The sources we used for our research were the Brazilian Periódicos CAPES electronic portal (MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect Journals, Nature Publishing Group, SciELO, Springer Link, and 250 other databases) and gray literature. RESULTS We identified 344 studies, of which 36 were considered for this review. In 8 studies, infection in salivary glands of Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex restuans, Culex tarsalis, and Culex coronator was detected. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most studied among those confirmed as potential ZIKV vectors, and only strains of Asian lineages (THA/2014/SV0127-14; SZ01 (2016)) and American lineages (BRPE243 (2015); PRVABC59 (2015)) can infect the salivary glands of Culex mosquitoes. The tested African strains (MR766 and DAK AR 41525) were unable to infect salivary glands. CONCLUSIONS There is still a lack of compelling evidence that indicates Culex spp. are a competent ZIKV vector, but they should remain a target for further monitoring studies, especially regarding ZIKV transmission to other species. Furthermore, studies should not be limited to studying whether their salivary glands are infected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro G. Viveiros-Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos Para Saúde, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRio de JaneiroBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos Para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Eduardo G. Regis
- Instituto Nacional da Propriedade IndustrialDivisão de BiofármacosRio de JaneiroBrasilInstituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, Divisão de Biofármacos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Wilson C. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos Para Saúde, Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRio de JaneiroBrasilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos Para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Luo XS, Imai N, Dorigatti I. Quantifying the risk of Zika virus spread in Asia during the 2015-16 epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean: A modeling study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 33:101562. [PMID: 31996323 PMCID: PMC7049897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background No large-scale Zika epidemic has been observed to date in Southeast Asia following the 2015-16 Latin American and the Caribbean epidemic. One hypothesis is Southeast Asian populations’ partial immunity to Zika. Method We estimated the two conditions for a Zika outbreak emergence in Southeast Asia: (i) the risk of Zika introduction from Latin America and the Caribbean and, (ii) the risk of autochthonous transmission under varying assumptions on population immunity. We also validated the model used to estimate the risk of introduction by comparing the estimated number of Zika seeds introduced into the United States with case counts reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Results There was good agreement between our estimates and case counts reported by the CDC. We thus applied the model to Southeast Asia and estimated that, on average, 1–10 seeds were introduced into Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. We also found increasing population immunity levels from 0 to 90% reduced probability of autochthonous transmission by 40% and increasing individual variation in transmission further reduced the outbreak probability. Conclusions Population immunity, combined with heterogeneity in transmission, can explain why no large-scale outbreak was observed in Southeast Asia during the 2015-16 epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shi Luo
- Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Natsuko Imai
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Harvim P, Zhang H, Georgescu P, Zhang L. Transmission Dynamics and Control Mechanisms of Vector-Borne Diseases with Active and Passive Movements Between Urban and Satellite Cities. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:4518-4563. [PMID: 31641984 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A metapopulation model which explicitly integrates vector-borne and sexual transmission of an epidemic disease with passive and active movements between an urban city and a satellite city is formulated and analysed. The basic reproduction number of the disease is explicitly determined as a combination of sexual and vector-borne transmission parameters. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the disease is primarily transmitted via the vector-borne mode, rather than via sexual transmission, and that sexual transmission by itself may not initiate or sustain an outbreak. Also, increasing the population movements from one city to the other leads to an increase in the basic reproduction number of the later city but a decrease in the basic reproduction number of the former city. The influence of other significant parameters is also investigated via the analysis of suitable partial rank correlation coefficients. After gauging the effects of mobility, we explore the potential effects of optimal control strategies relying upon several distinct restrictions on population movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Harvim
- Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, 213032, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Georgescu
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Iaşi, Bd. Copou 11A, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Lai Zhang
- School of Mathematical Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vector competence of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico for Zika virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16955. [PMID: 31740702 PMCID: PMC6861281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen discovered in the late 40’s in Uganda during a surveillance program for yellow fever. By 2014 the virus reached Eastern Island in the Americas, and two years later, the virus spread to almost all countries and territories of the Americas. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has been identified as the main vector of the disease, and several researchers have also studied the vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus in virus transmission. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus in order to understand their roles in the transmission of ZIKV in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. In blood feeding laboratry experiments, we found that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes showed to be a competent vector able to transmit ZIKV in this area. On the other hand, we found that F0 Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are refractory to ZIKV infection, dissemination and transmission.
Collapse
|
21
|
Núñez AI, Talavera S, Aranda C, Birnberg L, Rivas R, Pujol N, Verdún M, Failloux AB, Busquets N. European Aedes caspius mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit Zika virus. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:363. [PMID: 31345269 PMCID: PMC6659212 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771) is a floodwater mosquito species widely distributed in the Western Palaearctic. As an anthropophilic species, its role as an arbovirus vector may be the key for understanding the transmission cycle of certain diseases in Europe such as Zika virus (ZIKV). Concerning vector competence for ZIKV, studies related to Ae. caspius are still scarce. ZIKV is an arbovirus that has provoked a widespread epidemic in the Pacific region (2007-2013) and in the Americas (2015-2016). ZIKV is associated with serious neurological injuries (e.g. microcephaly) and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Due to the ZIKV epidemics in the American continent, some viraemic travellers coming from endemic countries have been reported in Europe. More knowledge is therefore required to define the susceptibility of autochthonous mosquito species such as Ae. caspius for ZIKV in order to improve arbovirus surveillance and control programmes. In the present study, the vector competence of a European population of Ae. caspius was evaluated for two ZIKV lineages, the Suriname ZIKV strain (Asian lineage) and the MR766 ZIKV strain (African I lineage). Females were tested at 7, 14 and 21 days post-exposure (dpe) to infectious blood meals. An Ae. aegypti PAEA strain was used as a positive control. RESULTS Aedes caspius presented low susceptibility to ZIKV infection and the virus was only detected by RT-qPCR in body samples. Low viral loads were detected for the MR766 strain at 7 dpe and for the Suriname strain at 14 and 21 dpe. Aedes caspius was unable to produce a disseminated infection and virus transmission at any of the tested time points. Using Ae. aegypti PAEA strain, infection, dissemination and transmission rates were calculated for the Suriname ZIKV strain (Asian lineage) at each time point. For the MR766 ZIKV strain (African I lineage), while only infection rates were estimated at each time point, no dissemination or transmission were detected in either species. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study reveal that the tested Ae. caspius population has a strong midgut escape barrier that limits the dissemination or transmission of the virus. As such, it seems unlikely that European Ae. caspius mosquitoes could be involved in ZIKV transmission if ZIKV was introduced into Europe. This information may help in designing a better strategy to European surveillance and control programmes for ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Núñez
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Talavera
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Aranda
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lotty Birnberg
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Rivas
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Pujol
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Verdún
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Núria Busquets
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sever B, Altıntop MD, Özdemir A, Tabanca N, Estep AS, Becnel JJ, Bloomquist JR. Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAedes aegypti is associated with the transmission of numerous human and animal diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and more recently Zika virus. Emerging insecticide resistance has created a need to develop new mosquitocidal agents for effective control operations. A series of benzothiazole-piperidine derivatives (1-24) were investigated for their larvicidal and adulticidal effects on Ae. aegypti It was observed that compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 showed notable larvicidal activity. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 10 showed promising adulticidal activity. Based on the mosquitocidal properties of these compounds, docking studies were also carried out in the active site of the AeSCP2 enzyme to explore any insights into further in vitro enzyme studies. Docking results indicated that all these active compounds showed reasonable interactions with critical residues in the active site of this enzyme. This outcome suggested that these compounds might show their larvicidal and adulticidal effects via the inhibition of AeSCP2. According to in vitro and in silico studies, compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 stand out as candidates for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altıntop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alden S. Estep
- Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Research & Development Department, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - James J. Becnel
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Bloomquist
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Confronting data sparsity to identify potential sources of Zika virus spillover infection among primates. Epidemics 2019; 27:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
|
24
|
Gregory CJ, Oduyebo T, Brault AC, Brooks JT, Chung KW, Hills S, Kuehnert MJ, Mead P, Meaney-Delman D, Rabe I, Staples E, Petersen LR. Modes of Transmission of Zika Virus. J Infect Dis 2019; 216:S875-S883. [PMID: 29267909 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For >60 years, Zika virus (ZIKV) has been recognized as an arthropod-borne virus with Aedes species mosquitoes as the primary vector. However in the past 10 years, multiple alternative routes of ZIKV transmission have been identified. We review the available data on vector and non-vector-borne modes of transmission and interventions undertaken, to date, to reduce the risk of human infection through these routes. Although much has been learned during the outbreak in the Americas on the underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of non-vector-borne ZIKV infections, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the relative incidence of, and risk from, these modes compared to mosquito transmission. Additional research is urgently needed on the risk, pathogenesis, and effectiveness of measures to mitigate non-vector-borne ZIKV transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gregory
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Titilope Oduyebo
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aaron C Brault
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John T Brooks
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Koo-Whang Chung
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan Hills
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Kuehnert
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paul Mead
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Dana Meaney-Delman
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ingrid Rabe
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erin Staples
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyle R Petersen
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Morens DM, Fauci AS. Pandemic Zika: A Formidable Challenge to Medicine and Public Health. J Infect Dis 2019; 216:S857-S859. [PMID: 29267908 PMCID: PMC5853239 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David M Morens
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.,National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hugo LE, Stassen L, La J, Gosden E, Ekwudu O, Winterford C, Viennet E, Faddy HM, Devine GJ, Frentiu FD. Vector competence of Australian Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for an epidemic strain of Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007281. [PMID: 30946747 PMCID: PMC6467424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemics of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Pacific and the Americas have highlighted its potential as an emerging pathogen of global importance. Both Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus are known to transmit ZIKV but variable vector competence has been observed between mosquito populations from different geographical regions and different virus strains. Since Australia remains at risk of ZIKV introduction, we evaluated the vector competence of local Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for a Brazilian epidemic ZIKV strain. In addition, we evaluated the impact of daily temperature fluctuations around a mean of 28°C on ZIKV transmission and extrinsic incubation period. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mosquitoes were orally challenged with a Brazilian ZIKV strain (8.8 log CCID50/ml) and maintained at either 28°C constant or fluctuating temperature conditions. At 3, 7 and 14 days post-infection (dpi), ZIKV RNA copies were quantified in mosquito bodies, as well as wings and legs, using qRT-PCR, while virus antigen in saliva (a proxy for transmission) was detected using a cell culture ELISA. Despite high body and disseminated infection rates in both vectors, the transmission rates of ZIKV in saliva of Ae. aegypti (50-60%) were significantly higher than in Ae. albopictus (10%) at 14 dpi. Both species supported a high viral load in bodies, with no significant differences between constant and fluctuating temperature conditions. However, a significant difference in viral load in wings and legs between species was observed, with higher titres in Ae. aegypti maintained at constant temperature conditions. For ZIKV transmission to occur in Ae. aegypti, a disseminated virus load threshold of 7.59 log10 copies had to be reached. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Australian Ae. aegypti are better able to transmit a Brazilian ZIKV strain than Ae. albopictus. The results are in agreement with the global consensus that Ae. aegypti is the major vector of ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon E. Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liesel Stassen
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica La
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edward Gosden
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - O’mezie Ekwudu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histotechnology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elvina Viennet
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor J. Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, and School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Du S, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhao J, Champagne C, Tong L, Zhang R, Zhang F, Qin CF, Ma P, Chen CH, Liang G, Liu Q, Shi PY, Cazelles B, Wang P, Tian H, Cheng G. Aedes mosquitoes acquire and transmit Zika virus by breeding in contaminated aquatic environments. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1324. [PMID: 30902991 PMCID: PMC6430813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that predominantly circulates between humans and Aedes mosquitoes. Clinical studies have shown that Zika viruria in patients persists for an extended period, and results in infectious virions being excreted. Here, we demonstrate that Aedes mosquitoes are permissive to ZIKV infection when breeding in urine or sewage containing low concentrations of ZIKV. Mosquito larvae and pupae, including from field Aedes aegypti can acquire ZIKV from contaminated aquatic systems, resulting in ZIKV infection of adult females. Adult mosquitoes can transmit infectious virions to susceptible type I/II interferon receptor-deficient (ifnagr-/-) C57BL/6 (AG6) mice. Furthermore, ZIKV viruria from infected AG6 mice can causes mosquito infection during the aquatic life stages. Our studies suggest that infectious urine could be a natural ZIKV source, which is potentially transmissible to mosquitoes when breeding in an aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senyan Du
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Clara Champagne
- IBENS, UMR 8197 CNRS-ENS Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Liangqin Tong
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Institute of infectious diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tsinghua University Hospital, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Guodong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, 102206, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Bernard Cazelles
- IBENS, UMR 8197 CNRS-ENS Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005, Paris, France
- International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems (UMMISCO), IRD-Sorbone Université, Bondy, 93143, France
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Woon YL, Lim MF, Tg Abd Rashid TR, Thayan R, Chidambaram SK, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Mudin RN, Sivasampu S. Zika virus infection in Malaysia: an epidemiological, clinical and virological analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 30760239 PMCID: PMC6375198 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major outbreak of the Zika virus (ZIKV) has been reported in Brazil in 2015. Since then, it spread further to other countries in the Americas and resulted in declaration of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by World Health Organization. In 2016, Singapore reported its first minor ZIKV epidemic. Malaysia shares similar ecological environment as Brazil and Singapore which may also favor ZIKV transmission. However, no ZIKV outbreak has been reported in Malaysia to date. This study aimed to discuss all confirmed ZIKV cases captured under Malaysia ZIKV surveillance system after declaration of the PHEIC; and explore why Malaysia did not suffer a similar ZIKV outbreak as the other two countries. METHODS This was an observational study reviewing all confirmed ZIKV cases detected in Malaysia through the ZIKV clinical surveillance and Flavivirus laboratory surveillance between June 2015 and December 2017. All basic demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, clinical, laboratory and outcome data of the confirmed ZIKV cases were collected from the source documents. RESULTS Only eight out of 4043 cases tested positive for ZIKV infection during that period. The median age of infected patients was 48.6 years and majority was Chinese. Two of the subjects were pregnant. The median interval between the onset of disease and the first detection of ZIKV Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) in body fluid was 3 days. Six cases had ZIKV RNA detected in both serum and urine samples. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that isolates from the 7 cases of ZIKV infection came from two clusters, both of which were local circulating strains. CONCLUSION Despite similar ecological background characteristics, Malaysia was not as affected by the recent ZIKV outbreak compared to Brazil and Singapore. This could be related to pre-existing immunity against ZIKV in this population, which developed after the first introduction of the ZIKV in Malaysia decades ago. A serosurvey to determine the seroprevalence of ZIKV in Malaysia was carried out in 2017. The differences in circulating ZIKV strains could be another reason as to why Malaysia seemed to be protected from an outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang Woon
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 2, Block B4, National Institute of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Mei Fong Lim
- Healthcare Statistics Unit, National Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 4, Block B4, National Institute of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tg Rogayah Tg Abd Rashid
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Virology Unit, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar Chidambaram
- Department of General Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Rose Nani Mudin
- Sector of Vector-Borne Disease, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Sheamini Sivasampu
- Healthcare Statistics Unit, National Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 4, Block B4, National Institute of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zika virus diagnosis: challenges and solutions. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:142-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
30
|
Diteepeng T, Khongwichit S, Paemanee A, Roytrakul S, Smith DR. Proteomic analysis of monkey kidney LLC-MK2 cells infected with a Thai strain Zika virus. Arch Virol 2019; 164:725-737. [PMID: 30612200 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has been endemic in Southeast Asian countries for several years, but the presence of the virus has not been associated with significant outbreaks of infection unlike other countries around the world where the Asian lineage ZIKV was introduced recently. However, few studies have been undertaken using the endemic virus. The Thai isolate was shown to have a similar tissue tropism to an African isolate of ZIKV, albeit that the Thai isolate infected cells at a lower level as compared to the African isolate. To further understand the pathogenesis of the Thai isolate, a 2D-gel proteomic analysis was undertaken of ZIKV infected LLC-MK2 cells. Seven proteins (superoxide dismutase [Mn], peroxiredoxin 2, ATP synthase subunit alpha, annexin A5 and annexin A1, carnitine o-palmitoyltransferase 2 and cytoskeleton-associated protein 2) were identified as differentially regulated. Of four proteins selected for validation, three (superoxide dismutase [Mn], peroxiredoxin 2, ATP synthase subunit alpha, and annexin A1) were shown to be differentially regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels. The proteins identified were primarily involved in energy production both directly, and indirectly through mediation of autophagy, as well as in the response to oxidative stress, possibly occurring as a consequence of increased energy production. This study provides further new information on the pathogenesis of ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamonwan Diteepeng
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonton Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Khongwichit
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonton Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonton Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonton Sai 4, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abreu CM, Gama L, Krasemann S, Chesnut M, Odwin-Dacosta S, Hogberg HT, Hartung T, Pamies D. Microglia Increase Inflammatory Responses in iPSC-Derived Human BrainSpheres. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2766. [PMID: 30619100 PMCID: PMC6296317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), together with 21st century cell culture methods, have the potential to better model human physiology with applications in toxicology, disease modeling, and the study of host-pathogen interactions. Several models of the human brain have been developed recently, demonstrating cell-cell interactions of multiple cell types with physiologically relevant 3D structures. Most current models, however, lack the ability to represent the inflammatory response in the brain because they do not include a microglial cell population. Microglia, the resident immunocompetent phagocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), are not only important in the inflammatory response and pathogenesis; they also function in normal brain development, strengthen neuronal connections through synaptic pruning, and are involved in oligodendrocyte and neuronal survival. Here, we have successfully introduced a population of human microglia into 3D human iPSC-derived brain spheres (BrainSpheres, BS) through co-culturing cells of the Immortalized Human Microglia – SV40 cell line with the BS model (μBS). We detected an inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and flavivirus infection, which was only elicited in the model when microglial cells were present. A concentration of 20 ng/mL of LPS increased gene expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and IL-1β, with maximum expression at 6–12 h post-exposure. Increased expression of the IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) genes was observed in μBS following infection with Zika and Dengue Virus, suggesting a stronger inflammatory response in the model when microglia were present than when only astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and neuronal populations were represented. Microglia innately develop within cerebral organoids (Nature communications)1, our findings suggest that the μBS model is more physiologically relevant and has potential applications in infectious disease and host-pathogen interactions research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Monteiro Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Megan Chesnut
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shelly Odwin-Dacosta
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Helena T Hogberg
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.,CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Pamies
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Differential transmission of Asian and African Zika virus lineages by Aedes aegypti from New Caledonia. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:159. [PMID: 30254274 PMCID: PMC6156223 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. ZIKV is divided into two phylogenetic lineages, African and Asian. In the Asian lineage, Pacific and American clades have been linked to the recent worldwide outbreak of ZIKV. The aim of this study was to measure the vector competence of Aedes aegypti for seven ZIKV strains belonging to both lineages. We demonstrate that Ae. aegypti from New Caledonia (NC), South Pacific region, is a low-competence vector for Asian ZIKV (<10% transmission efficiency). No significant differences were observed in vector competence with respect to the sampling date and collection site of Asian ZIKV strains used (2014 and 2015 for New Caledonia, Pacific clade, and 2016 for French Guiana, American clade). The ability of the New Caledonian Ae. aegypti to transmit ZIKV is significantly greater for the earlier viral isolates belonging to the African lineage (>37% transmission efficiency after 9 days post-infection) compared to recent ZIKV isolates from African (10% transmission efficiency) and Asian lineages (<10% transmission efficiency). The results of this study demonstrate that Ae. aegypti from NC can become infected and replicate different ZIKV strains belonging to all lineages. Our data emphasize the importance of studying the interaction between vectors and their arboviruses according to each local geographic context. This approach will improve our understanding of arbovirus transmission to prevent their emergence and improve health surveillance.
Collapse
|
33
|
Estimating the effects of variation in viremia on mosquito susceptibility, infectiousness, and R0 of Zika in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006733. [PMID: 30133450 PMCID: PMC6122838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Like most viral infections, ZIKV viremia varies over several orders of magnitude, with unknown consequences for transmission. To determine the effect of viral concentration on ZIKV transmission risk, we exposed field-derived Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to four doses (103, 104, 105, 106 PFU/mL) representative of potential variation in the field. We demonstrate that increasing ZIKV dose in the blood-meal significantly increases the probability of mosquitoes becoming infected, and consequently disseminating virus and becoming infectious. Additionally, we observed significant interactions between dose and days post-infection on dissemination and overall transmission efficiency, suggesting that variation in ZIKV dose affects the rates of midgut escape and salivary gland invasion. We did not find significant effects of dose on mosquito mortality. We also demonstrate that detecting virus using RT-qPCR approaches rather than plaque assays potentially over-estimates key transmission parameters, including the time at which mosquitoes become infectious and viral burden. Finally, using these data to parameterize an R0 model, we showed that increasing viremia from 104 to 106 PFU/mL increased relative R0 3.8-fold, demonstrating that variation in viremia substantially affects transmission risk. The number of people at risk for contracting Zika virus (ZIKV) is difficult to estimate accurately because most infected hosts are asymptomatic and the relationship between variation in host viremia and transmission to local mosquitoes is unclear. Controlling ZIKV transmission remains a major challenge due to lack of basic information on transmission mechanisms and gaps in mechanistic models. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of variation in viral concentration that current modeling efforts ignore, which will enhance our ability to predict the number of people at risk for arbovirus infection, overall disease transmission, and the efficacy of current and future intervention strategies. We demonstrated that increased concentration of ZIKV in the blood significantly increases the probability and the rate at which mosquitoes become infectious, which increases the risk of ZIKV transmission.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vasileva Wand NI, Bonney LC, Watson RJ, Graham V, Hewson R. Point-of-care diagnostic assay for the detection of Zika virus using the recombinase polymerase amplification method. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1012-1026. [PMID: 29897329 PMCID: PMC6171711 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden and explosive expansion of Zika virus (ZIKV) from the African continent through Oceania and culminating in the outbreak in South America has highlighted the importance of new rapid point-of-care diagnostic tools for the control and prevention of transmission. ZIKV infection has devastating consequences, such as neurological congenital malformations in infants born to infected mothers and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Additionally, its potential for transmission through vector bites, as well as from person to person through blood transfusions and sexual contact, are important considerations for prompt diagnosis. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), an isothermal method, was developed as an alternative field-applicable assay to PCR. Here we report the development of a novel ZIKV real-time reverse transcriptase RPA (RT-RPA) assay capable of detecting a range of different ZIKV strains from a variety of geographical locations. The ZIKV RT-RPA was shown to be highly sensitive, being capable of detecting as few as five copies of target nucleic acid per reaction, and suitable for use with a battery-operated portable device. The ZIKV RT-RPA demonstrated 100 % specificity and 83 % sensitivity in clinical samples. Furthermore, we determined that the ZIKV RT-RPA is a versatile assay that can be applied to crude samples, such as saliva and serum, and can be used as a vector surveillance tool on crude mosquito homogenates. Therefore, the developed ZIKV RT-RPA is a useful diagnostic tool that can be transferred to a resource-limited location, eliminating the need for a specialized and sophisticated laboratory environment and highly trained staff.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadina I. Vasileva Wand
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Laura C. Bonney
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Robert J. Watson
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Victoria Graham
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Microbiology Services Division, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Did Zika Virus Mutate to Cause Severe Outbreaks? Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:877-885. [PMID: 29903417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has challenged the assumed knowledge regarding the pathobiology of flaviviruses. Despite causing sporadic and mild disease in the 50 years since its discovery, Zika virus has now caused multiple outbreaks in dozens of countries worldwide. Moreover, the disease severity in recent outbreaks, with neurological disease in adult and devastating congenital malformations in fetuses, was not previously seen. One hypothesis is that the virus has acquired mutations that have increased its virulence. Indeed, mutations in other arboviruses, such as West Nile virus (WNV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), have enhanced outbreaks. This possibility, as well as alternative hypotheses, are explored here.
Collapse
|
36
|
Main BJ, Nicholson J, Winokur OC, Steiner C, Riemersma KK, Stuart J, Takeshita R, Krasnec M, Barker CM, Coffey LL. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006524. [PMID: 29927940 PMCID: PMC6013020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged since 2013 as a significant global human health threat following outbreaks in the Pacific Islands and rapid spread throughout South and Central America. Severe congenital and neurological sequelae have been linked to ZIKV infections. Assessing the ability of common mosquito species to transmit ZIKV and characterizing variation in mosquito transmission of different ZIKV strains is important for estimating regional outbreak potential and for prioritizing local mosquito control strategies for Aedes and Culex species. In this study, we evaluated the laboratory vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex tarsalis that originated in areas of California where ZIKV cases in travelers since 2015 were frequent. We compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates by measuring ZIKV RNA levels in cohorts of mosquitoes that ingested blood meals from type I interferon-deficient mice infected with either a Puerto Rican ZIKV strain from 2015 (PR15), a Brazilian ZIKV strain from 2015 (BR15), or an ancestral Asian-lineage Malaysian ZIKV strain from 1966 (MA66). With PR15, Cx. quinquefasciatus was refractory to infection (0%, N = 42) and Cx. tarsalis was infected at 4% (N = 46). No ZIKV RNA was detected in saliva from either Culex species 14 or 21 days post feeding (dpf). In contrast, Ae. aegypti developed infection rates of 85% (PR15; N = 46), 90% (BR15; N = 20), and 81% (MA66; N = 85) 14 or 15 dpf. Although MA66-infected Ae. aegypti showed higher levels of ZIKV RNA in mosquito bodies and legs, transmission rates were not significantly different across virus strains (P = 0.13, Fisher's exact test). To confirm infectivity and measure the transmitted ZIKV dose, we enumerated infectious ZIKV in Ae. aegypti saliva using Vero cell plaque assays. The expectorated plaque forming units PFU varied by viral strain: MA66-infected expectorated 13±4 PFU (mean±SE, N = 13) compared to 29±6 PFU for PR15-infected (N = 13) and 35±8 PFU for BR15-infected (N = 6; ANOVA, df = 2, F = 3.8, P = 0.035). These laboratory vector competence results support an emerging consensus that Cx. tarsalis and Cx. quinquefasciatus are not vectors of ZIKV. These results also indicate that Ae. aegypti from California are efficient laboratory vectors of ancestral and contemporary Asian lineage ZIKV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Main
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jay Nicholson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Olivia C. Winokur
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Cody Steiner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kasen K. Riemersma
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jackson Stuart
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ryan Takeshita
- Abt Associates Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michelle Krasnec
- Abt Associates Inc., Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alfonso-Parra C, Avila FW. Molecular Responses to the Zika Virus in Mosquitoes. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020049. [PMID: 29751526 PMCID: PMC6027243 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV), originally discovered in 1947, did not become a major concern until the virus swept across the Pacific and into the Americas in the last decade, bringing with it news of neurological complications and birth defects in ZIKV affected areas. This prompted researchers to dissect the molecular interactions between ZIKV and the mosquito vector in an attempt to better understand not only the changes that occur upon infection, but to also identify molecules that may potentially enhance or suppress a mosquito’s ability to become infected and/or transmit the virus. Here, we review what is currently known regarding ZIKV-mosquito molecular interactions, focusing on ZIKV infection of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, the primary species implicated in transmitting ZIKV during the recent outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Alfonso-Parra
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
- Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical, Carerra 43A # 52 sur-99, Sabaneta 055450, Colombia.
| | - Frank W Avila
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 #53-108, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vissoci JRN, Rocha TAH, da Silva NC, de Sousa Queiroz RC, Thomaz EBAF, Amaral PVM, Lein A, Branco MDRFC, Aquino J, Rodrigues ZMR, da Silva AAM, Staton C. Zika virus infection and microcephaly: Evidence regarding geospatial associations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006392. [PMID: 29694351 PMCID: PMC5937996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic ceased to be a public health emergency by the end of 2016, studies to improve knowledge about this emerging disease are still needed, especially those investigating a causal relationship between ZIKV in pregnant women and microcephaly in neonates. However, there are still many challenges in describing the relationship between ZIKV and microcephaly. The few studies focusing on the epidemiological profile of ZIKV and its changes over time are largely limited to systematic reviews of case reports and dispersal mapping of ZIKV spread over time without quantitative methods to analyze patterns and their covariates. Since Brazil has been at the epicenter of the ZIKV epidemic, this study examines the geospatial association between ZIKV and microcephaly in Brazil. Methods Our study is categorized as a retrospective, ecological study based on secondary databases. Data were obtained from January to December 2016, from the following data sources: Brazilian System for Epidemiological Surveillance, Disease Notification System, System for Specialized Management Support, and Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data were aggregated by municipality. Incidence rates were estimated per 100,000 inhabitants. Analyses consisted of mapping the aggregated incidence rates of ZIKV and microcephaly, followed by a Getis-Ord-Gi spatial cluster analysis and a Bivariate Local Moran’s I analysis. Results The incidence of ZIKV cases is changing the virus’s spatial pattern, shifting from Brazil’s Northeast region to the Midwest and North regions. The number of municipalities in clusters of microcephaly incidence is also shifting from the Northeast region to the Midwest and North, after a time lag is considered. Our findings suggest an increase in microcephaly incidence in the Midwest and North regions, associated with high levels of ZIKV infection months before. Conclusion The greatest burden of microcephaly shifted from the Northeast to other Brazilian regions at the beginning of 2016. Brazil’s Midwest region experienced an increase in microcephaly incidence associated with ZIKV incidence. This finding highlights an association between an increase in ZIKV infection with a rise in microcephaly cases after approximately three months. The increasing evidence of a relationship between ZIKV in pregnant women and fetal congenital ZIKV syndrome with microcephaly has been reported in the literature over the last two years. Our findings suggest a spatial dependency between the diseases. Therefore, using the spatial pattern of ZIKV incidence to better understand risk areas for microcephaly may help the design of surveillance policies. Brazil had a large epidemic of ZIKV, leading to several important studies of the ZIKV outbreak and its association with microcephaly. This study used a geospatial analysis approach to examine the association between ZIKV and microcephaly in Brazilian regions. It was possible to highlight a spatial association between ZIKV and microcephaly considering a time lag between diseases. Brazilian regions with the highest incidences of microcephaly were the regions where the highest incidence of ZIKV occurred months before. This finding can help the organization and planning of health services to offer better screening actions dedicated to pregnant women in high-risk areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, School of Economics, Center of post-graduate and Research in Administration, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Núbia Cristina da Silva
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Faculty of Economics, Observatory of Human Resources in Health, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Vasconcelos Maia Amaral
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Centre for Development and Regional Planning, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lein
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - José Aquino
- Federal University of Maranhão, Department of Geosciences, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Catherine Staton
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hall-Mendelin S, Pyke AT, Moore PR, Ritchie SA, Moore FAJ, van den Hurk AF. Characterization of a Western Pacific Zika Virus Strain in Australian Aedes aegypti. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:317-322. [PMID: 29694294 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a globally emerging arbovirus responsible for widespread epidemics in the western Pacific, the Americas, and Asia. The virus predominately circulates in urban transmission cycles between Aedes aegypti and humans. Australia is considered at risk to outbreaks of ZIKV due to the presence of A. aegypti populations in northern areas of the state of Queensland. Furthermore, close proximity to epidemic regions has led to almost 50% of imported cases reported since 2012 originating in the Pacific region. We conducted the first vector competence experiments with A. aegypti from three Australian populations for a western Pacific strain of ZIKV. When exposed to bloodmeals containing between 105 and 108 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50/mL of virus, infection, dissemination, and transmission, rates were <10%. In comparison to using frozen virus stock, exposing mosquitoes to freshly cultured virus also did not increase infection or transmission rates. It was only when bloodmeal titers exceeded 108 TCID50/mL that infection rates approached 50% and transmission rates increased to >20%. However, this concentration of virus is considerably higher than levels previously reported in blood samples from viremic humans. The Australian A. aegypti tested appear to express a midgut barrier to ZIKV infection, as 50% of mosquitoes that became infected developed a disseminated infection, and 50% of those mosquitoes transmitted the virus. Overall, these results suggest that while Australian A. aegypti strains are able to transmit the western Pacific ZIKV strain, they are relatively inefficient vectors of the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Alyssa T Pyke
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Peter R Moore
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Scott A Ritchie
- 2 College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Cairns, Australia
| | - Frederick A J Moore
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Andrew F van den Hurk
- 1 Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services , Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Arai E, Ishii K, Ishii H, Sagawa S, Makiyama N, Mizutani T, Omatsu T, Katayama Y, Kunimi Y, Inoue MN, Nakai M. An ascovirus isolated from Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) transmitted by the generalist endoparasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis (Braconidae: Hymenoptera). J Gen Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Arai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ishii
- Biostatistics Center, University of Kurume, 67, Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ishii
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shiori Sagawa
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Nao Makiyama
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kunimi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Maki N. Inoue
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that can cause congenital disease and requires development of an effective long-term preventative strategy. A replicative ZIKV vaccine with properties similar to the yellow fever 17D (YF17D) live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) would be advantageous, as a single dose of YF17D produces lifelong immunity. However, a replicative ZIKV vaccine must also be safe from causing persistent organ infections. Here we report an approach to ZIKV LAV development. We identify a ZIKV variant that produces small plaques due to interferon (IFN)-restricted viral propagation and displays attenuated infection of endothelial cells. We show that these properties collectively reduce the risk of organ infections and vertical transmission in a mouse model but remain sufficiently immunogenic to prevent wild-type ZIKV infection. Our findings suggest a strategy for the development of a safe but efficacious ZIKV LAV.
Collapse
|
42
|
An overview of mosquito vectors of Zika virus. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:646-660. [PMID: 29481868 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mosquito-borne arbovirus Zika virus (ZIKV, Flavivirus, Flaviviridae), has caused an outbreak impressive by its magnitude and rapid spread. First detected in Uganda in Africa in 1947, from where it spread to Asia in the 1960s, it emerged in 2007 on the Yap Island in Micronesia and hit most islands in the Pacific region in 2013. Subsequently, ZIKV was detected in the Caribbean, and Central and South America in 2015, and reached North America in 2016. Although ZIKV infections are in general asymptomatic or causing mild self-limiting illness, severe symptoms have been described including neurological disorders and microcephaly in newborns. To face such an alarming health situation, WHO has declared Zika as an emerging global health threat. This review summarizes the literature on the main vectors of ZIKV (sylvatic and urban) across all the five continents with special focus on vector competence studies.
Collapse
|
43
|
Viral and Antibody Kinetics, and Mosquito Infectivity of an Imported Case of Zika Fever Due to Asian Genotype (American Strain) in Singapore. Viruses 2018; 10:v10010044. [PMID: 29346272 PMCID: PMC5795457 DOI: 10.3390/v10010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a Singaporean who acquired Zika virus (ZIKV) during a visit to Cuba. The infection was confirmed using molecular and serological methods. This report highlights potential drawbacks of using IgG serology for diagnosis of flavivirus infections in endemic regions. The low viremia detected during the early phase of this case resulted in low mosquito infectivity rates, suggesting the possibility of ZIKV transmission prior to clinical onset. The report also emphasizes the challenges of public health interventions for Zika fever and the importance of sustaining a low vector population to reduce the risk of arbovirus transmission in vulnerable regions.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yeh SC, Pompon J. Flaviviruses Produce a Subgenomic Flaviviral RNA That Enhances Mosquito Transmission. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 37:154-159. [PMID: 29251994 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFVs) are a global public health burden. MBFVs have several unique 3'UTR structures that inhibit the host RNA decay machinery to produce subgenomic flaviviral RNAs (sfRNAs). Number of sfRNA species and their relative quantities are dependent on the 3'UTR tertiary structures and can vary between tissues. Two recent in vivo studies demonstrated that sfRNA enhances mosquito transmission, resulting in increased infection rate of saliva. Transmission efficiency is determined by the immune response. First evidence points to sfRNA interference with the Toll and RNAi immune pathways. However, a more complex picture that includes flexibility in sfRNA production and interaction with immune-related proteins remains to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chia Yeh
- 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julien Pompon
- 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School , Singapore, Singapore .,2 MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Willard KA, Demakovsky L, Tesla B, Goodfellow FT, Stice SL, Murdock CC, Brindley MA. Zika Virus Exhibits Lineage-Specific Phenotypes in Cell Culture, in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes, and in an Embryo Model. Viruses 2017; 9:v9120383. [PMID: 29258204 PMCID: PMC5744157 DOI: 10.3390/v9120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has quietly circulated in Africa and Southeast Asia for the past 65 years. However, the recent ZIKV epidemic in the Americas propelled this mosquito-borne virus to the forefront of flavivirus research. Based on historical evidence, ZIKV infections in Africa were sporadic and caused mild symptoms such as fever, skin rash, and general malaise. In contrast, recent Asian-lineage ZIKV infections in the Pacific Islands and the Americas are linked to birth defects and neurological disorders. The aim of this study is to compare replication, pathogenicity, and transmission efficiency of two historic and two contemporary ZIKV isolates in cell culture, the mosquito host, and an embryo model to determine if genetic variation between the African and Asian lineages results in phenotypic differences. While all tested isolates replicated at similar rates in Vero cells, the African isolates displayed more rapid viral replication in the mosquito C6/36 cell line, yet they exhibited poor infection rates in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes compared to the contemporary Asian-lineage isolates. All isolates could infect chicken embryos; however, infection with African isolates resulted in higher embryo mortality than infection with Asian-lineage isolates. These results suggest that genetic variation between ZIKV isolates can significantly alter experimental outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Willard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Leah Demakovsky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Blanka Tesla
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Forrest T Goodfellow
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Steven L Stice
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Courtney C Murdock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Tropical Emerging and Global Diseases, Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Riverbasin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Melinda A Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Population Health, Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Epelboin Y, Talaga S, Epelboin L, Dusfour I. Zika virus: An updated review of competent or naturally infected mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005933. [PMID: 29145400 PMCID: PMC5690600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that recently caused outbreaks in the Americas. Over the past 60 years, this virus has been observed circulating among African, Asian, and Pacific Island populations, but little attention has been paid by the scientific community until the discovery that large-scale urban ZIKV outbreaks were associated with neurological complications such as microcephaly and several other neurological malformations in fetuses and newborns. This paper is a systematic review intended to list all mosquito species studied for ZIKV infection or for their vector competence. We discuss whether studies on ZIKV vectors have brought enough evidence to formally exclude other mosquitoes than Aedes species (and particularly Aedes aegypti) to be ZIKV vectors. From 1952 to August 15, 2017, ZIKV has been studied in 53 mosquito species, including 6 Anopheles, 26 Aedes, 11 Culex, 2 Lutzia, 3 Coquillettidia, 2 Mansonia, 2 Eretmapodites, and 1 Uranotaenia. Among those, ZIKV was isolated from 16 different Aedes species. The only species other than Aedes genus for which ZIKV was isolated were Anopheles coustani, Anopheles gambiae, Culex perfuscus, and Mansonia uniformis. Vector competence assays were performed on 22 different mosquito species, including 13 Aedes, 7 Culex, and 2 Anopheles species with, as a result, the discovery that A. aegypti and Aedes albopictus were competent for ZIKV, as well as some other Aedes species, and that there was a controversy surrounding Culex quinquefasciatus competence. Although Culex, Anopheles, and most of Aedes species were generally observed to be refractory to ZIKV infection, other potential vectors transmitting ZIKV should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanouk Epelboin
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Stanislas Talaga
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Ecosystèmes amazoniens et pathologie tropicale (EPAT), EA 3593, Université de Guyane–Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Isabelle Dusfour
- Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc, Vector Control and Adaptation Unit, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
van den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Jansen CC, Higgs S. Zika virus and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes: a tenuous link. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:1014-1016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
48
|
Siraj AS, Perkins TA. Assessing the population at risk of Zika virus in Asia - is the emergency really over? BMJ Glob Health 2017; 2:e000309. [PMID: 29082009 PMCID: PMC5656141 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
On November 18, 2016, the WHO ended its designation of the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). At the same time, ZIKV transmission continues in Asia, with the number of Asian countries reporting Zika cases increasing over the last 2 years. Applying a method that combines epidemiological theory with data on epidemic size and drivers of transmission, we characterised the population at risk of ZIKV infection from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in 15 countries in Asia. Projections made under the assumption of no pre-existing immunity suggest that up to 785 (range: 730-992) million people in Asia would be at risk of ZIKV infection under that scenario. Assuming that 20% of ZIKV infections are symptomatic, this implies an upper limit of 146-198 million for the population at risk of a clinical episode of Zika. Due to limited information about pre-existing immunity to ZIKV in the region, we were unable to make specific numerical projections under a more realistic assumption about pre-existing immunity. Even so, combining numerical projections under an assumption of no pre-existing immunity together with theoretical insights about the extent to which pre-existing immunity may lower epidemic size, our results suggest that the population at risk of ZIKV infection in Asia could be even larger than in the Americas. As a result, we conclude that the WHO's removal of the PHEIC designation should not be interpreted as an indication that the threat posed by ZIKV has subsided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir S Siraj
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences & Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in Asia from mosquitoes from Malaysia in 1966. However, the incidence of Zika and Zika-related neurological complications in Asia is not well known. The few studies of Zika in Asia have been inconsistent in pointing to likely transmission levels, with some studies suggesting substantial transmission and others not. Interpretation of existing epidemiological and public health data from Asia is constrained by the non-specific symptomatology of Zika, the high proportion of subclinical ZIKV infections, relatively low viremia, and the lack of accurate serological assays. Here, we update the status of Zika cases from countries in Asia, and highlight some key knowledge gaps. In particular, accurate determinations of the incidence of Zika-related congenital Zika syndrome should be a priority for Zika research in Asia. Additional information will be critical to make informed strategies for the prevention and control of this global public health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sl Ki Lim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - In Kyu Yoon
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|