1
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Binoy A, Kothari M, Sahadevan R, Poddar S, Kar P, Sadhukhan S. Protein S-palmitoylation is markedly inhibited by 4″-alkyl ether lipophilic derivatives of EGCG, the major green tea polyphenol: In vitro and in silico studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184264. [PMID: 38104647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a dynamic lipid-based protein post-translational modification facilitated by a family of protein acyltransferases (PATs) commonly known as DHHC-PATs or DHHCs. It is the only lipid modification that is reversible, and this very fact uniquely qualifies it for therapeutic interventions through the development of DHHC inhibitors. Herein, we report that 4″-alkyl ether lipophilic derivatives of EGCG can effectively inhibit protein S-palmitoylation in vitro. With the help of metabolic labeling followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition Click reaction, we demonstrate that 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG markedly inhibited S-palmitoylation in various mammalian cells including HEK 293T, HeLa, and MCF-7 using both in gel fluorescence as well as confocal microscopy. Further, these EGCG derivatives were able to attenuate the S-palmitoylation to the basal level in DHHC3-overexpressed cells, suggesting that they are plausibly targeting DHHCs. Confocal microscopy data qualitatively reflected spatial and temporal distribution of S-palmitoylated proteins in different sub-cellular compartments and the inhibitory effects of 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG were clearly observed in the native cellular environment. Our findings were further substantiated by in silico analysis which revealed promising binding affinity and interactions of 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG with key amino acid residues present in the hydrophobic cleft of the DHHC20 enzyme. We also demonstrated the successful inhibition of S-palmitoylation of GAPDH by 4″-C16 EGCG. Taken together, our in vitro and in silico data strongly suggest that 4″-C14 EGCG and 4″-C16 EGCG can act as potent inhibitors for S-palmitoylation and can be employed as a complementary tool to investigate S-palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Binoy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Manan Kothari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India
| | - Sayan Poddar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India; Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India; Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Kerala 678623, India.
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2
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Llinas del Torrent C, Raïch I, Gonzalez A, Casajuana-Martin N, Lillo J, Rebassa JB, Ferreiro-Vera C, Sánchez de Medina V, Franco R, Navarro G, Pardo L. The Leu/Val 6.51 Side Chain of Cannabinoid Receptors Regulates the Binding Mode of the Alkyl Chain of Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5927-5935. [PMID: 37644761 PMCID: PMC10523433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the principal psychoactive constituent of Cannabis, mediates its action by binding to two members of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family: the cannabinoid CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 (CB2R) receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the pentyl chain of THC could adopts an I-shape conformation, filling an intracellular cavity between Phe3.36 and Trp6.48 for initial agonist-induced receptor activation, in CB1R but not in CB2R. This cavity opens to the five-carbon chain of THC by the conformational change of the γ-branched, flexible, Leu6.51 side chain of CB1R, which is not feasible by the β-branched, mode rigid, Val6.51 side chain of CB2R. In agreement with our computational results, THC could not decrease the forskolin-induced cAMP levels in cells expressing mutant CB1RL6.51V receptor but could activate the mutant CB2RV6.51L receptor as efficiently as wild-type CB1R. Additionally, JWH-133, a full CB2R agonist, contains a branched dimethyl moiety in the ligand chain that bridges Phe3.36 and Val6.51 for receptor activation. In this case, the substitution of Val6.51 to Leu in CB2R makes JWH-133 unable to activate CB2RV6.51L. In conclusion, our combined computational and experimental results have shown that the amino acid at position 6.51 is a key additional player in the initial mechanism of activation of GPCRs that recognize signaling molecules derived from lipid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Llinas del Torrent
- Laboratory
of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iu Raïch
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Laboratory
of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nil Casajuana-Martin
- Laboratory
of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Department
of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Biel Rebassa
- Department
of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Franco
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro
de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona
(NeuroUB), Av Joan XXIII
27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory
of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Mohole M, Sengupta D, Chattopadhyay A. Synergistic and Competitive Lipid Interactions in the Serotonin 1A Receptor Microenvironment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3403-3415. [PMID: 36351047 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of lipids with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been shown to modulate and dictate several aspects of GPCR organization and function. Diverse lipid interaction sites have been identified from structural biology, bioinformatics, and molecular dynamics studies. For example, multiple cholesterol interaction sites have been identified in the serotonin1A receptor, along with distinct and overlapping sphingolipid interaction sites. How these lipids interact with each other and what is the resultant effect on the receptor is still not clear. In this work, we have analyzed lipid-lipid crosstalk at the receptor of the serotonin1A receptor embedded in a membrane bilayer that mimics the neuronal membrane composition by long coarse-grain simulations. Using a set of similarity coefficients, we classified lipids that bind at the receptor together as synergistic cobinding, and those that bind individually as competitive. Our results show that certain lipids interact with the serotonin1A receptor in synergy with each other. Not surprisingly, the ganglioside GM1 and cholesterol show a synergistic cobinding, along with the relatively uncommon GM1-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cholesterol-PE synergy. In contrast, certain lipid pairs such as cholesterol and sphingomyelin appear to be in competition at several sites, despite their coexistence in lipid nanodomains. In addition, we observed intralipid competition between two lipid tails, with the receptor exhibiting increased interactions with the unsaturated lipid tails. We believe our work represents an important step in understanding the diversity of GPCR-lipid interactions and exploring synergistic cobinding and competition in natural membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Mohole
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad201 002, India
| | - Durba Sengupta
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad201 002, India
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad201 002, India.,CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad500 007, India
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4
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors are valid therapeutic targets to treat autoimmune diseases, such as relapsing multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis. Particularly, S1PR1 is well characterized because of its nonredundant functions on T and B cells’ egress. However, the activation mechanism of S1PR1 is still poorly understood. Therefore, we determined active S1PR1–Gi complex structures bound to distinct agonists. Phosphorylated Fingolimod [(S)-FTY720-P] could modulate lymphocyte trafficking and treat multiple sclerosis. The nonlipid-like agonist CBP-307 is currently being evaluated in a global phase 2 clinical study in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Meanwhile, two binding poses of CBP-307 and the unoccupied subpocket we observed may provide opportunities to improve further the efficacy and specificity of CBP-307 targeting different S1P receptors. As a critical sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays an essential role in immune and vascular systems. There are five S1P receptors, designated as S1PR1 to S1PR5, encoded in the human genome, and their activities are governed by endogenous S1P, lipid-like S1P mimics, or nonlipid-like therapeutic molecules. Among S1PRs, S1PR1 stands out due to its nonredundant functions, such as the egress of T and B cells from the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues, making it a potential therapeutic target. However, the structural basis of S1PR1 activation and regulation by various agonists remains unclear. Here, we report four atomic resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Gi-coupled human S1PR1 complexes: bound to endogenous agonist d18:1 S1P, benchmark lipid-like S1P mimic phosphorylated Fingolimod [(S)-FTY720-P], or nonlipid-like therapeutic molecule CBP-307 in two binding modes. Our results revealed the similarities and differences of activation of S1PR1 through distinct ligands binding to the amphiphilic orthosteric pocket. We also proposed a two-step “shallow to deep” transition process of CBP-307 for S1PR1 activation. Both binding modes of CBP-307 could activate S1PR1, but from shallow to deep transition may trigger the rotation of the N-terminal helix of Gαi and further stabilize the complex by increasing the Gαi interaction with the cell membrane. We combine with extensive biochemical analysis and molecular dynamic simulations to suggest key steps of S1P binding and receptor activation. The above results decipher the common feature of the S1PR1 agonist recognition and activation mechanism and will firmly promote the development of therapeutics targeting S1PRs.
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5
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Differential activation mechanisms of lipid GPCRs by lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate. Nat Commun 2022; 13:731. [PMID: 35136060 PMCID: PMC8826421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are bioactive lipids and can signal through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The best studied lysophospholipids are lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The mechanisms of lysophospholipid recognition by an active GPCR, and the activations of lysophospholipid GPCR–G-protein complexes remain unclear. Here we report single-particle cryo-EM structures of human S1P receptor 1 (S1P1) and heterotrimeric Gi complexes formed with bound S1P or the multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment drug Siponimod, as well as human LPA receptor 1 (LPA1) and Gi complexes in the presence of LPA. Our structural and functional data provide insights into how LPA and S1P adopt different conformations to interact with their cognate GPCRs, the selectivity of the homologous lipid GPCRs for S1P versus LPA, and the different activation mechanisms of these GPCRs by LPA and S1P. Our studies also reveal specific optimization strategies to improve the MS-treating S1P1-targeting drugs. Liu et al. report structures of human sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P1) in complex with Gi and S1P or the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug Siponimod, as well as human lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 1 (LPA1) in complex with Gi and LPA, revealing distinct conformations of the lysophospholipids interacting with their cognate GPCRs.
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6
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Lone MA, Bourquin F, Hornemann T. Serine Palmitoyltransferase Subunit 3 and Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:47-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Krishna Deepak RNV, Verma RK, Hartono YD, Yew WS, Fan H. Recent Advances in Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Class A Lipid GPCRs: Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:12. [PMID: 35056070 PMCID: PMC8779880 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past decade in understanding the structural, functional, and pharmacological diversity of lipid GPCRs. From the first determination of the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin in 2000, much progress has been made in the field of GPCR structural biology. The extraordinary progress in structural biology and pharmacology of GPCRs, coupled with rapid advances in computational approaches to study receptor dynamics and receptor-ligand interactions, has broadened our comprehension of the structural and functional facets of the receptor family members and has helped usher in a modern age of structure-based drug design and development. First, we provide a primer on lipid mediators and lipid GPCRs and their role in physiology and diseases as well as their value as drug targets. Second, we summarize the current advancements in the understanding of structural features of lipid GPCRs, such as the structural variation of their extracellular domains, diversity of their orthosteric and allosteric ligand binding sites, and molecular mechanisms of ligand binding. Third, we close by collating the emerging paradigms and opportunities in targeting lipid GPCRs, including a brief discussion on current strategies, challenges, and the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. N. V. Krishna Deepak
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Yossa Dwi Hartono
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
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8
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Nagarajan S, Qian ZY, Marimuthu P, Alkayed NJ, Kaul S, Barnes AP. Mapping the Molecular Architecture Required for Lipid-Binding Pockets Using a Subset of Established and Orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3442-3452. [PMID: 34242503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) sense a wide variety of stimuli, including lipids, and transduce signals to the intracellular environment to exert various physiological responses. However, the structural features of GPCRs responsible for detecting and triggering responses to distinct lipid ligands have only recently begun to be revealed. 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) is one such lipid mediator that plays an essential role in the vascular system, displaying both vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. We recently reported multiple low-affinity 14,15-EET-binding GPCRs, but the mechanism by which these receptors sense 14,15-EET remains unclear. Here, we have taken a combined computational and experimental approach to identify and confirm critical residues and properties within the lipid-binding pocket. Furthermore, we generated mutants to engineer selected GPCR-predicted binding sites to either confer or abolish 14,15-EET-induced signaling. Our structure-function analyses indicate that hydrophobic and positively charged residues of the receptor-binding pocket are prerequisites for recognizing lipid ligands such as 14,15-EET and possibly other eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Nagarajan
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Zu Yuan Qian
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Parthiban Marimuthu
- Pharmaceutical Science Laboratory and Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health Science University Portland, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
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9
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Navarro G, Gonzalez A, Sánchez-Morales A, Casajuana-Martin N, Gómez-Ventura M, Cordomí A, Busqué F, Alibés R, Pardo L, Franco R. Design of Negative and Positive Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid CB 2 Receptor Derived from the Natural Product Cannabidiol. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9354-9364. [PMID: 34161090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the second most abundant of the active compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant, is of increasing interest because it is approved for human use and is neither euphorizing nor addictive. Here, we design and synthesize novel compounds taking into account that CBD is both a partial agonist, when it binds to the orthosteric site, and a negative allosteric modulator, when it binds to the allosteric site of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor. Molecular dynamic simulations and site-directed mutagenesis studies have identified the allosteric site near the receptor entrance. This knowledge has permitted to perform structure-guided design of negative and positive allosteric modulators of the CB2 receptor with potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Sánchez-Morales
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nil Casajuana-Martin
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Gómez-Ventura
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Félix Busqué
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alibés
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Muralidharan S, Shimobayashi M, Ji S, Burla B, Hall MN, Wenk MR, Torta F. A reference map of sphingolipids in murine tissues. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109250. [PMID: 34133933 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SPs) have both a structural role in the cell membranes and a signaling function that regulates many cellular processes. The enormous structural diversity and low abundance of many SPs pose a challenge for their identification and quantification. Recent advances in lipidomics, in particular liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), provide methods to detect and quantify many low-abundant SP species reliably. Here we use LC-MS to compile a "murine sphingolipid atlas," containing the qualitative and quantitative distribution of 114 SPs in 21 tissues of a widely utilized wild-type laboratory mouse strain (C57BL/6). We report tissue-specific SP fingerprints, as well as sex-specific differences in the same tissue. This is a comprehensive, quantitative sphingolipidomic map of mammalian tissues collected in a systematic fashion. It will complement other tissue compendia for interrogation into the role of SP in mammalian health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Mitsugu Shimobayashi
- Biozentrum - Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shanshan Ji
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum - Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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11
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Maeda S, Shiimura Y, Asada H, Hirata K, Luo F, Nango E, Tanaka N, Toyomoto M, Inoue A, Aoki J, Iwata S, Hagiwara M. Endogenous agonist-bound S1PR3 structure reveals determinants of G protein-subtype bias. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/24/eabf5325. [PMID: 34108205 PMCID: PMC8189593 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates numerous important physiological functions, including immune response and vascular integrity, via its cognate receptors (S1PR1 to S1PR5); however, it remains unclear how S1P activates S1PRs upon binding. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the active human S1PR3 in complex with its natural agonist S1P at 3.2-Å resolution. S1P exhibits an unbent conformation in the long tunnel, which penetrates through the receptor obliquely. Compared with the inactive S1PR1 structure, four residues surrounding the alkyl tail of S1P (the "quartet core") exhibit orchestrating rotamer changes that accommodate the moiety, thereby inducing an active conformation. In addition, we reveal that the quartet core determines G protein selectivity of S1PR3. These results offer insight into the structural basis of activation and biased signaling in G protein-coupled receptors and will help the design of biased ligands for optimized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiimura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Asada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kunio Hirata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Fangjia Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Eriko Nango
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tanaka
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masayasu Toyomoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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12
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Paradiso E, Lazzaretti C, Sperduti S, Antoniani F, Fornari G, Brigante G, Di Rocco G, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Morini D, Falbo AI, Villani MT, Nofer JR, Simoni M, Potì F, Casarini L. Sphingosine-1 phosphate induces cAMP/PKA-independent phosphorylation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111082. [PMID: 33189864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a lysosphingolipid present in the ovarian follicular fluid. The role of the lysosphingolipid in gonads of the female is widely unclear. At nanomolar concentrations, S1P binds and activates five specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as S1P1-5, modulating different signaling pathways. S1P1 and S1P3 are highly expressed in human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC), as well as in the immortalized human primary granulosa cell line hGL5. In this study, we evaluated the signaling cascade activated by S1P and its synthetic analogues in hGLC and hGL5 cells, exploring the biological relevance of S1PR-stimulation in this context. METHODS AND RESULTS hGLC and hGL5 cells were treated with a fixed dose (0.1 μM) of S1P, or by S1P1- and S1P3-specific agonists SEW2871 and CYM5541. In granulosa cells, S1P and, at a lesser extent, SEW2871 and CYM5541, potently induced CREB phosphorylation. No cAMP production was detected and pCREB activation occurred even in the presence of the PKA inhibitor H-89. Moreover, S1P-dependent CREB phosphorylation was dampened by the mitogen-activate protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil. The complete inhibition of CREB phosphorylation occurred by blocking either S1P2 or S1P3 with the specific receptor antagonists JTE-013 and TY52156, or under PLC/PI3K depletion. S1P-dependent CREB phosphorylation induced FOXO1 and the EGF-like epiregulin-encoding gene (EREG), confirming the exclusive role of gonadotropins and interleukins in this process, but did not affect steroidogenesis. However, S1P or agonists did not modulate granulosa cell viability and proliferation in our conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that S1P may induce a cAMP-independent activation of pCREB in granulosa cells, although this is not sufficient to induce intracellular steroidogenic signals and progesterone synthesis. S1P-induced FOXO1 and EREG gene expression suggests that the activation of S1P-S1PR axis may cooperate with gonadotropins in modulating follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Paradiso
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Samantha Sperduti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Antoniani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Fornari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
| | - Daria Morini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Immacolata Falbo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Villani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fertility Center, ASMN. Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Central Laboratory Facility, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; PR China, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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13
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Lam BWS, Yam TYA, Chen CP, Lai MKP, Ong WY, Herr DR. The noncanonical chronicles: Emerging roles of sphingolipid structural variants. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109890. [PMID: 33359087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SPs) are structurally diverse and represent one of the most quantitatively abundant classes of lipids in mammalian cells. In addition to their structural roles, many SP species are known to be bioactive mediators of essential cellular processes. Historically, studies have focused on SP species that contain the canonical 18‑carbon, mono-unsaturated sphingoid backbone. However, increasingly sensitive analytical technologies, driven by advances in mass spectrometry, have facilitated the identification of previously under-appreciated, molecularly distinct SP species. Many of these less abundant species contain noncanonical backbones. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have identified clinical associations between these noncanonical SPs and disease, suggesting that there is functional significance to the alteration of SP backbone structure. For example, associations have been found between SP chain length and cardiovascular disease, pain, diabetes, and dementia. This review will provide an overview of the processes that are known to regulate noncanonical SP accumulation, describe the clinical correlations reported for these molecules, and review the experimental evidence for the potential functional implications of their dysregulation. It is likely that further scrutiny of noncanonical SPs may provide new insight into pathophysiological processes, serve as useful biomarkers for disease, and lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Yu Amelia Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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14
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Chua XY, Ho LTY, Xiang P, Chew WS, Lam BWS, Chen CP, Ong WY, Lai MKP, Herr DR. Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for the Involvement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:47-67. [PMID: 33180310 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphates (S1Ps) are bioactive lipids that mediate a diverse range of effects through the activation of cognate receptors, S1P1-S1P5. Scrutiny of S1P-regulated pathways over the past three decades has identified important and occasionally counteracting functions in the brain and cerebrovascular system. For example, while S1P1 and S1P3 mediate proinflammatory effects on glial cells and directly promote endothelial cell barrier integrity, S1P2 is anti-inflammatory but disrupts barrier integrity. Cumulatively, there is significant preclinical evidence implicating critical roles for this pathway in regulating processes that drive cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia, both being part of the continuum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This is supported by clinical studies that have identified correlations between alterations of S1P and cognitive deficits. We review studies which proposed and evaluated potential mechanisms by which such alterations contribute to pathological S1P signaling that leads to VCI-associated chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Notably, S1P receptors have divergent but overlapping expression patterns and demonstrate complex interactions. Therefore, the net effect produced by S1P represents the cumulative contributions of S1P receptors acting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the neural, vascular, and immune cells of the brain. Ultimately, an optimized therapeutic strategy that targets S1P signaling will have to consider these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leona T Y Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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15
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Guy AT, Ding F, Abe J, Inoue M, Hirabayashi Y, Ito Y, Kamiguchi H, Greimel P. Lysolipid Chain Length Switches Agonistic to Antagonistic G Protein-Coupled Receptor Modulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3635-3645. [PMID: 33053304 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of lysolipid-sensitive G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) depends not only on lysolipid class but also on the length and degree of saturation of their respective hydrophobic tails. Positive regulation of these signaling networks caused by the lipid chain length specificity of upstream phospholipases is firmly established. Nonagonistic lysolipid homologues, featuring incompatible lipid tails, have been suggested to indirectly modulate GPCR signaling by delaying agonist catabolism. Nonetheless, recent results seem inconsistent with this hypothesis. Utilizing a simplified lysolipid-GPCR signaling assay based on the established lysophosphatidylglucoside-GPR55 signaling axis in primary sensory neurons, we demonstrate that short-chain ligand homologues directly modulate receptor activation via a potent competitive antagonistic activity. Considering the well-documented tissue-specific concentration of lysolipid homologues, we propose that endogenous lysolipids with insufficient chain length for stable receptor activation exert an antagonistic activity, effectively representing a negative control mechanism for GPCR-associated lysolipid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Guy
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Feiqing Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Junpei Abe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Peter Greimel
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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16
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Chua XY, Chai YL, Chew WS, Chong JR, Ang HL, Xiang P, Camara K, Howell AR, Torta F, Wenk MR, Hilal S, Venketasubramanian N, Chen CP, Herr DR, Lai MKP. Immunomodulatory sphingosine-1-phosphates as plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:122. [PMID: 32998767 PMCID: PMC7528375 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been ongoing research impetus to uncover novel blood-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and related cerebrovascular disease (CEVD)-associated conditions within the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Sphingosine-1-phosphates (S1Ps) are signaling lipids which act on the S1PR family of cognate G-protein-coupled receptors and have been shown to modulate neuroinflammation, a process known to be involved in both neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the status of peripheral S1P in AD and VCI is at present unclear. METHODS We obtained baseline bloods from individuals recruited into an ongoing longitudinal cohort study who had normal cognition (N = 80); cognitive impairment, no dementia (N = 160); AD (N = 113); or VaD (N = 31), along with neuroimaging assessments of cerebrovascular diseases. Plasma samples were processed for the measurements of major S1P species: d16:1, d17:1, d18:0, and d18:1, along with pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Furthermore, in vitro effects of S1Ps on cytokine expression were also studied in an astrocytoma cell line and in rodent primary astrocytes. RESULTS Of the S1Ps species measured, only d16:1 S1P was significantly reduced in the plasma of VaD, but not AD, patients, while the d18:1 to d16:1 ratios were increased in all cognitive subgroups (CIND, AD, and VaD). Furthermore, d18:1 to d16:1 ratios correlated with levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF. In both primary astrocytes and an astroglial cell line, treatment with d16:1 or d18:1 S1P resulted in the upregulation of mRNA transcripts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with d18:1 showing a stronger effect than d16:1. Interestingly, co-treatment assays showed that the addition of d16:1 reduced the extent of d18:1-mediated gene expression, indicating that d16:1 may function to "fine-tune" the pro-inflammatory effects of d18:1. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that plasma d16:1 S1P may be useful as a diagnostic marker for VCI, while the d18:1 to d16:1 S1P ratio is an index of dysregulated S1P-mediated immunomodulation leading to chronic inflammation-associated neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
| | - Joyce R Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kaddy Camara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Amy R Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | | | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore.
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117597, Singapore.
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health Systems, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
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17
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Positron Emission Tomography in the Inflamed Cerebellum: Addressing Novel Targets among G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Immune Receptors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100925. [PMID: 32998351 PMCID: PMC7601272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes preceding clinical manifestation of brain diseases are moving increasingly into the focus of positron emission tomographic (PET) investigations. A key role in inflammation and as a target of PET imaging efforts is attributed to microglia. Cerebellar microglia, with a predominant ameboid and activated subtype, is of special interest also regarding improved and changing knowledge on functional involvement of the cerebellum in mental activities in addition to its regulatory role in motor function. The present contribution considers small molecule ligands as potential PET tools for the visualization of several receptors recognized to be overexpressed in microglia and which can potentially serve as indicators of inflammatory processes in the cerebellum. The sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), neuropeptide Y receptor 2 (NPY2) and purinoceptor Y12 (P2Y12) cannabinoid receptors and the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 as G-protein-coupled receptors and the ionotropic purinoceptor P2X7 provide structures with rather classical binding behavior, while the immune receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) might depend for instance on further accessory proteins. Improvement in differentiation between microglial functional subtypes in comparison to the presently used 18 kDa translocator protein ligands as well as of the knowledge on the role of polymorphisms are special challenges in such developments.
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18
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Navarro G, Gonzalez A, Campanacci S, Rivas-Santisteban R, Reyes-Resina I, Casajuana-Martin N, Cordomí A, Pardo L, Franco R. Experimental and computational analysis of biased agonism on full-length and a C-terminally truncated adenosine A 2A receptor. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2723-2732. [PMID: 33101610 PMCID: PMC7550916 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biased agonism, the ability of agonists to differentially activate downstream signaling pathways by stabilizing specific receptor conformations, is a key issue for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. The C-terminal domain might influence this functional selectivity of GPCRs as it engages G proteins, GPCR kinases, β-arrestins, and several other proteins. Thus, the aim of this paper is to compare the agonist-dependent selectivity for intracellular pathways in a heterologous system expressing the full-length (A2AR) and a C-tail truncated (A2AΔ40R lacking the last 40 amino acids) adenosine A2A receptor, a GPCR that is already targeted in Parkinson’s disease using a first-in-class drug. Experimental data such as ligand binding, cAMP production, β-arrestin recruitment, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and dynamic mass redistribution assays, which correspond to different aspects of signal transduction, were measured upon the action of structurally diverse compounds (the agonists adenosine, NECA, CGS-21680, PSB-0777 and LUF-5834 and the SCH-58261 antagonist) in cells expressing A2AR and A2AΔ40R. The results show that taking cAMP levels and the endogenous adenosine agonist as references, the main difference in bias was obtained with PSB-0777 and LUF-5834. The C-terminus is dispensable for both G-protein and β-arrestin recruitment and also for MAPK activation. Unrestrained molecular dynamics simulations, at the μs timescale, were used to understand the structural arrangements of the binding cavity, triggered by these chemically different agonists, facilitating G protein binding with different efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Dept. Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Campanacci
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine. School of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Dept. Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine. School of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine. School of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - Nil Casajuana-Martin
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain d Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- School of Chemistry. Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
- Corresponding author at: School of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Marciniak A, Camp SM, Garcia JGN, Polt R. In silico Docking Studies of Fingolimod and S1P 1 Agonists. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:247. [PMID: 32210822 PMCID: PMC7076195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), originally the endothelial differentiation gene 1 receptor (EDG-1), is one of five G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) S1P1–5 that bind to and are activated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). The lipid S1P is an intermediate in sphingolipid homeostasis, and S1P1 is a major medical target for immune system modulation; agonism of the receptor produces a myriad of biological responses, including endothelial cell barrier integrity, chemotaxis, lymphocyte trafficking/targeting, angiogenesis, as well as regulation of the cardiovascular system. Use of in silico docking simulations on the crystal structure of S1P1 allows for pinpointing the residues within the receptor’s active site that actively contribute to the binding of S1P, and point to how these specific interactions can be exploited to design more effective synthetic analogs to specifically target S1P1 in the presence of the closely related receptors S1P2, S1P3, S1P4, and S1P5. We examined the binding properties of the endogenous substrate as well as a selection of synthetic sphingosine-derived S1P1 modulators of S1P1 with in silico docking simulations using the software package Molecular Operating Environment® (MOE®). The modeling studies reveal the relevance of phosphorylation, i.e., the presence of a phosphate or phosphonate moiety within the substrate for successful binding to occur, and indicate which residues are responsible for S1P1 binding of the most prominent sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators, including fingolimod and its structural relatives. Furthermore, trends in steric preferences as for the binding of enantiomers to S1P1 could be observed, facilitating future design of receptor-specific substrates to precisely target the active site of S1P1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marciniak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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20
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Vutukuri R, Koch A, Trautmann S, Schreiber Y, Thomas D, Mayser F, Meyer zu Heringdorf D, Pfeilschifter J, Pfeilschifter W, Brunkhorst R. S1P d20:1, an endogenous modulator of S1P d18:1/S1P2‐dependent signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:3932-3942. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902391r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Vutukuri
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology‐Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME‐TMP) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Franziska Mayser
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer zu Heringdorf
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Waltraud Pfeilschifter
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Robert Brunkhorst
- Department of Neurology University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
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21
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Activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 attenuates chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Wang W, Xiang P, Chew WS, Torta F, Bandla A, Lopez V, Seow WL, Lam BWS, Chang JK, Wong P, Chayaburakul K, Ong WY, Wenk MR, Sundar R, Herr DR. Activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 attenuates chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1143-1152. [PMID: 31882542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based therapeutics are used to manage many forms of cancer, but frequently result in peripheral neuropathy. Currently, the only option available to attenuate chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is to limit or discontinue this treatment. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid-based signaling molecule involved in neuroinflammatory processes by interacting with its five cognate receptors: S1P1-5 In this study, using a combination of drug pharmacodynamic analysis in human study participants, disease modeling in rodents, and cell-based assays, we examined whether S1P signaling may represent a potential target in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. To this end, we first investigated the effects of platinum-based drugs on plasma S1P levels in human cancer patients. Our analysis revealed that oxaliplatin treatment specifically increases one S1P species, d16:1 S1P, in these patients. Although d16:1 S1P is an S1P2 agonist, it has lower potency than the most abundant S1P species (d18:1 S1P). Therefore, as d16:1 S1P concentration increases, it is likely to disproportionately activate proinflammatory S1P1 signaling, shifting the balance away from S1P2 We further show that a selective S1P2 agonist, CYM-5478, reduces allodynia in a rat model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy and attenuates the associated inflammatory processes in the dorsal root ganglia, likely by activating stress-response proteins, including ATF3 and HO-1. Cumulatively, the findings of our study suggest that the development of a specific S1P2 agonist may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the management of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Aishwarya Bandla
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Violeta Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Wei Lun Seow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Jing Kai Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Peiyan Wong
- Neuroscience Phenotyping Core, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | | | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Raghav Sundar
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077 .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228 .,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
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23
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González-Gil I, Zian D, Vázquez-Villa H, Hernández-Torres G, Martínez RF, Khiar-Fernández N, Rivera R, Kihara Y, Devesa I, Mathivanan S, Del Valle CR, Zambrana-Infantes E, Puigdomenech M, Cincilla G, Sanchez-Martinez M, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Ferrer-Montiel AV, Chun J, López-Vales R, López-Rodríguez ML, Ortega-Gutiérrez S. A Novel Agonist of the Type 1 Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor (LPA 1), UCM-05194, Shows Efficacy in Neuropathic Pain Amelioration. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2372-2390. [PMID: 31790581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex chronic pain state with a prevalence of almost 10% in the general population. Pharmacological options for NP are limited and weakly effective, so there is a need to develop more efficacious NP attenuating drugs. Activation of the type 1 lysophosphatidic acid (LPA1) receptor is a crucial factor in the initiation of NP. Hence, it is conceivable that a functional antagonism strategy could lead to NP mitigation. Here we describe a new series of LPA1 agonists among which derivative (S)-17 (UCM-05194) stands out as the most potent and selective LPA1 receptor agonist described so far (Emax = 118%, EC50 = 0.24 μM, KD = 19.6 nM; inactive at autotaxin and LPA2-6 receptors). This compound induces characteristic LPA1-mediated cellular effects and prompts the internalization of the receptor leading to its functional inactivation in primary sensory neurons and to an efficacious attenuation of the pain perception in an in vivo model of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-Gil
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Debora Zian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Vázquez-Villa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Hernández-Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Fernando Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Khiar-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Isabel Devesa
- IDiBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, E-03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Rosell Del Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Puigdomenech
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Cincilla
- Molomics, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri i Reixac 4-8, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipidic mediator in mammals that functions either as a second messenger or as a ligand. In the latter case, it is transported by its HDL-associated apoM carrier and circulated in blood where it binds to specific S1P receptors on cell membranes and induces downstream reactions. Although S1P signaling pathways are essential for many biological processes, they are poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, the solved crystal structures of the S1P1 receptor were used to evaluate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to generate greater detailed molecular insights into the mechanism of S1P signaling. The MD simulations provided observations at the coarse-grained and atomic levels indicating that S1P may access the receptor binding pocket directly from solvents. Lifting of the bulky N-terminal cap region of the receptor precedes initial S1P binding. Glu1213.29 guides S1P penetration, and together with Arg2927.34 is responsible for the stabilization of S1P in the binding pocket, which is consistent with experimental predictions. The complete binding of S1P is followed by receptor activation, wherein Trp2696.48 moves toward the transmembrane helix (TM) 7, resulting in the formation of an enhanced hydrogen bond network in the lower region of TM7. The distance between TM3 and TM6 is subsequently increased, resulting in the opening of the intracellular binding pocket that enables G protein binding. Further analysis of the force distribution network in the receptor yielded a detailed molecular understanding of the signal transmission network that is activated upon agonist binding.
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25
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Targeting GPCRs Activated by Fatty Acid-Derived Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:915-929. [PMID: 31377146 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most intensively studied drug targets, because of their diversity, cell-specific expression, and druggable sites accessible at the cell surface. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that targeting GPCRs activated by fatty acid-derived lipids may have potential to improve glucose homeostasis and reduce complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Despite the discontinued development of fasiglifam (TAK-875), the first FFA1 agonist to reach late-stage clinical trials, lipid-sensing receptors remain a viable target, albeit with a need for further characterization of their binding mode, intracellular signaling, and toxicity. Herein, we analyze general discovery trends, various signaling pathways, as well as possible challenges following activation of GPCRs that have been validated clinically to control blood glucose levels.
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26
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Díaz Ó, Dalton JAR, Giraldo J. Revealing the Mechanism of Agonist-Mediated Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) Activation and Phospholipid-Mediated Allosteric Modulation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5638-5654. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Díaz
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - James A. R. Dalton
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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27
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Muller MP, Jiang T, Sun C, Lihan M, Pant S, Mahinthichaichan P, Trifan A, Tajkhorshid E. Characterization of Lipid-Protein Interactions and Lipid-Mediated Modulation of Membrane Protein Function through Molecular Simulation. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6086-6161. [PMID: 30978005 PMCID: PMC6506392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cellular membrane constitutes one of the most fundamental compartments of a living cell, where key processes such as selective transport of material and exchange of information between the cell and its environment are mediated by proteins that are closely associated with the membrane. The heterogeneity of lipid composition of biological membranes and the effect of lipid molecules on the structure, dynamics, and function of membrane proteins are now widely recognized. Characterization of these functionally important lipid-protein interactions with experimental techniques is however still prohibitively challenging. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations offer a powerful complementary approach with sufficient temporal and spatial resolutions to gain atomic-level structural information and energetics on lipid-protein interactions. In this review, we aim to provide a broad survey of MD simulations focusing on exploring lipid-protein interactions and characterizing lipid-modulated protein structure and dynamics that have been successful in providing novel insight into the mechanism of membrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P. Muller
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- College of Medicine
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Chang Sun
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Muyun Lihan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shashank Pant
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Paween Mahinthichaichan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anda Trifan
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Biochemistry
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology
- College of Medicine
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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28
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Manna M, Nieminen T, Vattulainen I. Understanding the Role of Lipids in Signaling Through Atomistic and Multiscale Simulations of Cell Membranes. Annu Rev Biophys 2019; 48:421-439. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118-115553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling controls essentially all cellular processes. While it is often assumed that proteins are the key architects coordinating cell signaling, recent studies have shown more and more clearly that lipids are also involved in signaling processes in a number of ways. Lipids do, for instance, act as messengers, modulate membrane receptor conformation and dynamics, and control membrane receptor partitioning. Further, through structural modifications such as oxidation, the functions of lipids as part of signaling processes can be modified. In this context, in this article we discuss the understanding recently revealed by atomistic and coarse-grained computer simulations of nanoscale processes and underlying physicochemical principles related to lipids’ functions in cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutusi Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Optical control of sphingosine-1-phosphate formation and function. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:623-631. [PMID: 31036923 PMCID: PMC7428055 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) plays important roles as a signaling lipid in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. S1P signals via a family of G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1–5) and intracellular targets. Here, we report on photoswitchable analogs of S1P and its precursor sphingosine, respectively termed PhotoS1P and PhotoSph. PhotoS1P enables optical control of S1P1–3, shown through electrophysiology and Ca2+ mobilization assays. We evaluated PhotoS1Pin vivo, where it reversibly controlled S1P3-dependent pain hypersensitivity in mice. The hypersensitivity induced by PhotoS1P is comparable to that induced by S1P. PhotoS1P is uniquely suited for the study of S1P biology in cultured cells and in vivo because it exhibits prolonged metabolic stability compared to the rapidly metabolized S1P. Using lipid mass spectrometry analysis, we constructed a metabolic map of PhotoS1P and PhotoSph. The formation of these photoswitchable lipids was found to be light-dependent, providing a novel approach to optically probe sphingolipid biology.
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30
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Changes in the Canine Plasma Lipidome after Short- and Long-Term Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6015. [PMID: 30979907 PMCID: PMC6461633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulators of metabolic control in mammals and their aberrant function has been linked to several pathologies. GCs are widely used in human and veterinary clinical practice as potent anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents. Dyslipidaemia is a frequently observed consequence of GC treatment, typified by increased lipolysis, lipid mobilization, liponeogenesis, and adipogenesis. Dogs with excess GC show hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the risk of developing atherosclerotic lesions is low as compared to humans. This study aimed to examine alterations in the canine plasma lipidome in a model of experimentally induced short-term and long-term GC excess. Both treatments led to significant plasma lipidome alterations, which were more pronounced after long-term excess steroid exposure. In particular, monohexosylceramides, phosphatidylinositols, ether phosphatidylcholines, acyl phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols and sphingosine 1-phosphates showed significant changes. The present study highlights the hitherto unknown effects of GCs on lipid metabolism, which will be important in the further elucidation of the role and function of GCs as drugs and in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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31
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Llinas Del Torrent C, Casajuana-Martin N, Pardo L, Tresadern G, Pérez-Benito L. Mechanisms Underlying Allosteric Molecular Switches of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2456-2466. [PMID: 30811196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor is a class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is implicated in several CNS disorders making it a popular drug discovery target. Years of research have revealed allosteric mGlu5 ligands showing an unexpected complete switch in functional activity despite only small changes in their chemical structure, resulting in positive allosteric modulators (PAM) or negative allosteric modulators (NAM) for the same scaffold. Up to now, the origins of this effect are not understood, causing difficulties in a drug discovery context. In this work, experimental data was gathered and analyzed alongside docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations for three sets of PAM and NAM pairs. The results consistently show the role of specific interactions formed between ligand substituents and amino acid side chains that block or promote local movements associated with receptor activation. The work provides an explanation for how such small structural changes lead to remarkable differences in functional activity. While this work can greatly help drug discovery programs avoid these switches, it also provides valuable insight into the mechanisms of class C GPCR allosteric activation. Furthermore, the approach shows the value of applying MD to understand functional activity in drug design programs, even for such close structural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Llinas Del Torrent
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Nil Casajuana-Martin
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Gary Tresadern
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
| | - Laura Pérez-Benito
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional Unitat de Bioestadistica, Facultat de Medicina , Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain.,Computational Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development , Janssen Pharmaceutica N. V. , Turnhoutseweg 30 , B-2340 Beerse , Belgium
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32
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Blaho VA, Chun J. 'Crystal' Clear? Lysophospholipid Receptor Structure Insights and Controversies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:953-966. [PMID: 30343728 PMCID: PMC6201317 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs), particularly sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), are bioactive lipid modulators of cellular homeostasis and pathology. The discovery and characterization of five S1P- and six LPA-specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), S1P1-5 and LPA1-6, have expanded their known involvement in all mammalian physiological systems. Resolution of the S1P1, LPA1, and LPA6 crystal structures has fueled the growing interest in these receptors and their ligands as targets for pharmacological manipulation. In this review, we have attempted to provide an integrated overview of the three crystallized LPL GPCRs with biochemical and physiological structure-function data. Finally, we provide a novel discussion of how chaperones for LPLs may be considered when extrapolating crystallographic and computational data toward understanding actual biological interactions and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Blaho
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Degenerative Diseases Program, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Degenerative Diseases Program, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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33
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Lysophospholipid Signaling in the Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10070227. [PMID: 29987226 PMCID: PMC6071084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the important cancer hallmarks, metabolism reprogramming, including lipid metabolism alterations, occurs in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). It plays an important role in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. Lipids, and several lysophospholipids in particular, are elevated in the blood, ascites, and/or epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues, making them not only useful biomarkers, but also potential therapeutic targets. While the roles and signaling of these lipids in tumor cells are extensively studied, there is a significant gap in our understanding of their regulations and functions in the context of the microenvironment. This review focuses on the recent study development in several oncolipids, including lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate, with emphasis on TME in ovarian cancer.
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Saleh N, Kleinau G, Heyder N, Clark T, Hildebrand PW, Scheerer P. Binding, Thermodynamics, and Selectivity of a Non-peptide Antagonist to the Melanocortin-4 Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:560. [PMID: 29910730 PMCID: PMC5992272 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a potential drug target for treatment of obesity, anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction. Crystal structures for MC4R are not yet available, which has hindered successful structure-based drug design. Using microsecond-scale molecular-dynamics simulations, we have investigated selective binding of the non-peptide antagonist MCL0129 to a homology model of human MC4R (hMC4R). This approach revealed that, at the end of a multi-step binding process, MCL0129 spontaneously adopts a binding mode in which it blocks the agonistic-binding site. This binding mode was confirmed in subsequent metadynamics simulations, which gave an affinity for human hMC4R that matches the experimentally determined value. Extending our simulations of MCL0129 binding to hMC1R and hMC3R, we find that receptor subtype selectivity for hMC4R depends on few amino acids located in various structural elements of the receptor. These insights may support rational drug design targeting the melanocortin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureldin Saleh
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Computational Modelling and Dynamics of Molecular Complexes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heyder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Computational Modelling and Dynamics of Molecular Complexes, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.,Group Protein X-ray Crystallography and Signal Transduction, Berlin, Germany
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Izquierdo C, Gómez-Tamayo JC, Nebel JC, Pardo L, Gonzalez A. Identifying human diamine sensors for death related putrescine and cadaverine molecules. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005945. [PMID: 29324768 PMCID: PMC5783396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pungent chemical compounds originating from decaying tissue are strong drivers of animal behavior. Two of the best-characterized death smell components are putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD), foul-smelling molecules produced by decarboxylation of amino acids during decomposition. These volatile polyamines act as ‘necromones’, triggering avoidance or attractive responses, which are fundamental for the survival of a wide range of species. The few studies that have attempted to identify the cognate receptors for these molecules have suggested the involvement of the seven-helix trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), localized in the olfactory epithelium. However, very little is known about the precise chemosensory receptors that sense these compounds in the majority of organisms and the molecular basis of their interactions. In this work, we have used computational strategies to characterize the binding between PUT and CAD with the TAAR6 and TAAR8 human receptors. Sequence analysis, homology modeling, docking and molecular dynamics studies suggest a tandem of negatively charged aspartates in the binding pocket of these receptors which are likely to be involved in the recognition of these small biogenic diamines. The distinctive dead smell comes largely from molecules like cadaverine and putrescine that are produced during decomposition of organic tissues. These volatile compounds act as powerful chemical signals important for the survival of a wide range of species. Previous studies have identified the trace amine-associated receptor 13c (or TAAR13c) in zebrafish as the cognate receptor of cadaverine in bony fishes. In this work, we employed computational strategies to disclose the human TAAR6 and TAAR8 receptors as sensors of the putrescine and cadaverine molecules. Our results indicate that several negatively charged residues in the ligand binding pocket of these receptors constitute the molecular basis for recognition of these necromones in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Izquierdo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José C. Gómez-Tamayo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jean-Christophe Nebel
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Pardo
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Laboratori de Medicina Computacional, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- * E-mail:
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