1
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Singh K, Showalter CA, Manring HR, Haque SJ, Chakravarti A. "Oh, Dear We Are in Tribble": An Overview of the Oncogenic Functions of Tribbles 1. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1889. [PMID: 38791967 PMCID: PMC11120034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudokinases are catalytically inactive proteins in the human genome that lack the ability to transfer phosphate from ATP to their substrates. The Tribbles family of pseudokinases contains three members: Tribbles 1, 2, and 3. Tribbles 1 has recently gained importance because of its involvement in various diseases, including cancer. It acts as a scaffolding protein that brings about the degradation of its substrate proteins, such as C/EBPα/β, MLXIPL, and RAR/RXRα, among others, via the ubiquitin proteasome system. It also serves as an adapter protein, which sequesters different protein molecules and activates their downstream signaling, leading to processes, such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and lipid metabolism. It has been implicated in cancers such as AML, prostate cancer, breast cancer, CRC, HCC, and glioma, where it activates oncogenic signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK and inhibits the anti-tumor function of p53. TRIB1 also causes treatment resistance in cancers such as NSCLC, breast cancer, glioma, and promyelocytic leukemia. All these effects make TRIB1 a potential drug target. However, the lack of a catalytic domain renders TRIB1 "undruggable", but knowledge about its structure, conformational changes during substrate binding, and substrate binding sites provides an opportunity to design small-molecule inhibitors against specific TRIB1 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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2
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Soubeyrand S, Lau P, McPherson R. Regulation of TRIB1 abundance in hepatocyte models in response to proteasome inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9320. [PMID: 37291259 PMCID: PMC10250549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribbles related homolog 1 (TRIB1) contributes to lipid and glucose homeostasis by facilitating the degradation of cognate cargos by the proteasome. In view of the key metabolic role of TRIB1 and the impact of proteasome inhibition on hepatic function, we continue our exploration of TRIB1 regulation in two commonly used human hepatocyte models, transformed cell lines HuH-7 and HepG2. In both models, proteasome inhibitors potently upregulated both endogenous and recombinant TRIB1 mRNA and protein levels. Increased transcript abundance was unaffected by MAPK inhibitors while ER stress was a weaker inducer. Suppressing proteasome function via PSMB3 silencing was sufficient to increase TRIB1 mRNA expression. ATF3 was required to sustain basal TRIB1 expression and support maximal induction. Despite increasing TRIB1 protein abundance and stabilizing bulk ubiquitylation, proteasome inhibition delayed but did not prevent TRIB1 loss upon translation block. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that TRIB1 was not ubiquitylated in response to proteasome inhibition. A control bona fide proteasome substrate revealed that high doses of proteasome inhibitors resulted in incomplete proteasome inhibition. Cytoplasm retained TRIB1 was unstable, suggesting that TRIB1 lability is regulated prior to its nuclear import. N-terminal deletion and substitutions were insufficient to stabilize TRIB1. These findings identify transcriptional regulation as a prominent mechanism increasing TRIB1 abundance in transformed hepatocyte cell lines in response to proteasome inhibition and provide evidence of an inhibitor resistant proteasome activity responsible for TRIB1 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Soubeyrand
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Paulina Lau
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
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3
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Effect of TRIB1 Variant on Lipid Profile and Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:4444708. [PMID: 36714195 PMCID: PMC9842430 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4444708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates tribbles homolog 1 (Trib1) protein may be involved in lipid metabolism regulation and coronary artery disease (CAD) pathogenesis. However, whether TRIB1 gene variants affect lipid levels and CAD remains elusive, this study is aimed at clarifying the effect of TRIB1 variants on lipid profile and CAD. Methods By searching PubMed and Cochrane databases for studies published before December 18, 2022, a total of 108,831 individuals were included for the analysis. Results The outcomes of the analysis on all individuals showed that the A allele carriers of rs17321515 and rs2954029 variants had higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels than the noncarriers. Consistently, a higher CAD risk was observed in the A allele carriers. Subgroup analysis indicated that increased LDL-C, TC, and CAD risk were observed in Asian population. Conclusions Variants of TRIB1 (i.e., rs17321515 and rs2954029) may serve as causal genetic markers for dyslipidemia and CAD in Asian population.
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4
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Smith GA, Padmanabhan A, Lau BH, Pampana A, Li L, Lee CY, Pelonero A, Nishino T, Sadagopan N, Xia VQ, Jain R, Natarajan P, Wu RS, Black BL, Srivastava D, Shokat KM, Chorba JS. Cold shock domain-containing protein E1 is a posttranscriptional regulator of the LDL receptor. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj8670. [PMID: 36103516 PMCID: PMC10174261 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj8670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) controls cellular delivery of cholesterol and clears LDL from the bloodstream, protecting against atherosclerotic heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. We therefore sought to identify regulators of the LDLR beyond the targets of current therapies and known causes of familial hypercholesterolemia. We found that cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1) enhanced hepatic LDLR messenger RNA (mRNA) decay via its 3' untranslated region and regulated atherogenic lipoproteins in vivo. Using parallel phenotypic genome-wide CRISPR interference screens in a tissue culture model, we identified 40 specific regulators of the LDLR that were not previously identified by observational human genetic studies. Among these, we demonstrated that, in HepG2 cells, CSDE1 regulated the LDLR at least as strongly as statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. In addition, we showed that hepatic gene silencing of Csde1 treated diet-induced dyslipidemia in mice to a similar degree as Pcsk9 silencing. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting CSDE1 to manipulate the posttranscriptional regulation of the LDLR mRNA for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Our approach of modeling a clinically relevant phenotype in a forward genetic screen, followed by mechanistic pharmacologic dissection and in vivo validation, may serve as a generalizable template for the identification of therapeutic targets in other human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan H Lau
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Akhil Pampana
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medicine and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Clara Y Lee
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Angelo Pelonero
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nandhini Sadagopan
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Vivian Q Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- Department of Medicine and Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Roland S Wu
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John S Chorba
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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5
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Vujkovic M, Ramdas S, Lorenz KM, Guo X, Darlay R, Cordell HJ, He J, Gindin Y, Chung C, Myers RP, Schneider CV, Park J, Lee KM, Serper M, Carr RM, Kaplan DE, Haas ME, MacLean MT, Witschey WR, Zhu X, Tcheandjieu C, Kember RL, Kranzler HR, Verma A, Giri A, Klarin DM, Sun YV, Huang J, Huffman JE, Creasy KT, Hand NJ, Liu CT, Long MT, Yao J, Budoff M, Tan J, Li X, Lin HJ, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Chang RK, Krauss RM, Vilarinho S, Brancale J, Nielsen JB, Locke AE, Jones MB, Verweij N, Baras A, Reddy KR, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Schwimmer JB, Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Ryan KA, Mitchell BD, Gill D, Wells AD, Manduchi E, Saiman Y, Mahmud N, Miller DR, Reaven PD, Phillips LS, Muralidhar S, DuVall SL, Lee JS, Assimes TL, Pyarajan S, Cho K, Edwards TL, Damrauer SM, Wilson PW, Gaziano JM, O'Donnell CJ, Khera AV, Grant SFA, Brown CD, Tsao PS, Saleheen D, Lotta LA, Bastarache L, Anstee QM, Daly AK, Meigs JB, Rotter JI, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Voight BF, Chang KM. A multiancestry genome-wide association study of unexplained chronic ALT elevation as a proxy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with histological and radiological validation. Nat Genet 2022; 54:761-771. [PMID: 35654975 PMCID: PMC10024253 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of chronic liver disease. Using a proxy NAFLD definition of chronic elevation of alanine aminotransferase (cALT) levels without other liver diseases, we performed a multiancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) including 90,408 cALT cases and 128,187 controls. Seventy-seven loci exceeded genome-wide significance, including 25 without prior NAFLD or alanine aminotransferase associations, with one additional locus identified in European American-only and two in African American-only analyses (P < 5 × 10-8). External replication in histology-defined NAFLD cohorts (7,397 cases and 56,785 controls) or radiologic imaging cohorts (n = 44,289) replicated 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (P < 6.5 × 10-4), of which 9 were new (TRIB1, PPARG, MTTP, SERPINA1, FTO, IL1RN, COBLL1, APOH and IFI30). Pleiotropy analysis showed that 61 of 77 multiancestry and all 17 replicated SNPs were jointly associated with metabolic and/or inflammatory traits, revealing a complex model of genetic architecture. Our approach integrating cALT, histology and imaging reveals new insights into genetic liability to NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kim M Lorenz
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Darlay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heather J Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Robert P Myers
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
- The Liver Company, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carolin V Schneider
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David E Kaplan
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary E Haas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew T MacLean
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter R Witschey
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Derek M Klarin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Kate Townsend Creasy
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle T Long
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- Department of Cardiology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Lin
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ruey-Kang Chang
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Vilarinho
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Brancale
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - K Rajender Reddy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew D Wells
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yedidya Saiman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nadim Mahmud
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald R Miller
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Center for Population Health, Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Peter D Reaven
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lawrence S Phillips
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sumitra Muralidhar
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scott L DuVall
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jennifer S Lee
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter W Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | | | - Lisa Bastarache
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ann K Daly
- Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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6
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Yang Z, Macdonald-Dunlop E, Chen J, Zhai R, Li T, Richmond A, Klarić L, Pirastu N, Ning Z, Zheng C, Wang Y, Huang T, He Y, Guo H, Ying K, Gustafsson S, Prins B, Ramisch A, Dermitzakis ET, Png G, Eriksson N, Haessler J, Hu X, Zanetti D, Boutin T, Hwang SJ, Wheeler E, Pietzner M, Raffield LM, Kalnapenkis A, Peters JE, Viñuela A, Gilly A, Elmståhl S, Dedoussis G, Petrie JR, Polašek O, Folkersen L, Chen Y, Yao C, Võsa U, Pairo-Castineira E, Clohisey S, Bretherick AD, Rawlik K, Esko T, Enroth S, Johansson Å, Gyllensten U, Langenberg C, Levy D, Hayward C, Assimes TL, Kooperberg C, Manichaikul AW, Siegbahn A, Wallentin L, Lind L, Zeggini E, Schwenk JM, Butterworth AS, Michaëlsson K, Pawitan Y, Joshi PK, Baillie JK, Mälarstig A, Reiner AP, Wilson JF, Shen X. Genetic Landscape of the ACE2 Coronavirus Receptor. Circulation 2022; 145:1398-1411. [PMID: 35387486 PMCID: PMC9047645 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, enters human cells using the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein as a receptor. ACE2 is thus key to the infection and treatment of the coronavirus. ACE2 is highly expressed in the heart and respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, playing important regulatory roles in the cardiovascular and other biological systems. However, the genetic basis of the ACE2 protein levels is not well understood. METHODS We have conducted the largest genome-wide association meta-analysis of plasma ACE2 levels in >28 000 individuals of the SCALLOP Consortium (Systematic and Combined Analysis of Olink Proteins). We summarize the cross-sectional epidemiological correlates of circulating ACE2. Using the summary statistics-based high-definition likelihood method, we estimate relevant genetic correlations with cardiometabolic phenotypes, COVID-19, and other human complex traits and diseases. We perform causal inference of soluble ACE2 on vascular disease outcomes and COVID-19 severity using mendelian randomization. We also perform in silico functional analysis by integrating with other types of omics data. RESULTS We identified 10 loci, including 8 novel, capturing 30% of the heritability of the protein. We detected that plasma ACE2 was genetically correlated with vascular diseases, severe COVID-19, and a wide range of human complex diseases and medications. An X-chromosome cis-protein quantitative trait loci-based mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal effect of elevated ACE2 levels on COVID-19 severity (odds ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.10-2.42]; P=0.01), hospitalization (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.05-2.21]; P=0.03), and infection (odds ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.08-2.37]; P=0.02). Tissue- and cell type-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis revealed that the ACE2 regulatory variants were enriched for DNA methylation sites in blood immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Human plasma ACE2 shares a genetic basis with cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, and other related diseases. The genetic architecture of the ACE2 protein is mapped, providing a useful resource for further biological and clinical studies on this coronavirus receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Yang
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Erin Macdonald-Dunlop
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
| | - Jiantao Chen
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Ranran Zhai
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Ting Li
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Lucija Klarić
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Nicola Pirastu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- Human Technopole Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, Milan, Italy (N.P.)
| | - Zheng Ning
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Chenqing Zheng
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Yazhou He
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu (Y.H.)
| | - Huiming Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China (H.G.)
| | - Kejun Ying
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (K.Y.)
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA (K.Y.)
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Bram Prins
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
| | - Anna Ramisch
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
| | - Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
| | - Grace Png
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), School of Medicine, Germany (G.P.)
| | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (X.H., A.W.M.)
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
| | - Maik Pietzner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Germany (M.P., C.L.)
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (L.M.R.)
| | - Anette Kalnapenkis
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K.)
| | - James E. Peters
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, UK (J.E.P.)
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Switzerland (A. Ramisch, E.T.D., A.V.)
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK (A.V.)
| | - Arthur Gilly
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK (A.G., E.Z.)
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden (S. Elmståhl)
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece (G.D.)
| | - John R. Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK (J. Petrie)
| | - Ozren Polašek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Croatia (O.P.)
- Algebra University College, Ilica, Zagreb, Croatia (O.P.)
| | | | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | - Sara Clohisey
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | - Andrew D. Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
| | | | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia (A.K., U.V., T.E.)
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala Universitet, Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden (S. Enroth, A.J., U.G.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK (E.W., M.P., C.L.)
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin, Germany (M.P., C.L.)
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, MA (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (S.-J.H., C.Y., D.L.)
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, CA (D.Z., T.L.A.)
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - Ani W. Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (X.H., A.W.M.)
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (A.S., S.G., L.W., L.L.)
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany (G.P., A.G., E.Z.)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK (A.G., E.Z.)
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Germany (E.Z.)
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden (J.M.S.)
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge (B.P., J.E.P., A.S.B.)
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, UK (A.S.B.)
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, UK (A.S.B.)
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden (K.M.)
| | - Yudi Pawitan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
| | - J. Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, UK (E.P.-C., S.C., K.R., J.K.B.)
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK (J.K.B.)
| | - Anders Mälarstig
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Stockholm, Sweden (A.M.)
| | - Alexander P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K., A.P.R.)
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, UK (A. Richmond, L.K., T.B., E.P.-C., A.D.B., C.H., J.F.W.)
| | - Xia Shen
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., Z.N., C.Z., Y.W., X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (X.S.)
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, China (Z.Y., J.C., R.Z., T.L., X.S.)
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK (E.M.-D., N.P., Y.H., P.K.J., J.F.W., X.S.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.N., T.H., Y.C., Y.P., A.M., X.S.)
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7
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It refers to a range of liver conditions affecting people who drink little or no alcohol. NAFLD comprises non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more aggressive form of NAFLD. NASH is featured by steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and various degrees of fibrosis. Although much progress has been made over the past decades, the pathogenic mechanism of NAFLD remains to be fully elucidated. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a nuclear hormone receptor that is highly expressed in hepatocytes. Hepatic HNF4α expression is markedly reduced in NAFLD patients and mouse models of NASH. HNF4α has been shown to regulate bile acid, lipid, glucose, and drug metabolism. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD with a focus on the regulation of HNF4α and the role of hepatic HNF4α in NAFLD. Several lines of evidence have shown that hepatic HNF4α plays a key role in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. Recent data suggest that hepatic HNF4α may be a promising target for treatment of NAFLD.
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8
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Quiroz-Figueroa K, Vitali C, Conlon DM, Millar JS, Tobias JW, Bauer RC, Hand NJ, Rader DJ. TRIB1 regulates LDL metabolism through CEBPα-mediated effects on the LDL receptor in hepatocytes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146775. [PMID: 34779419 DOI: 10.1172/jci146775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants near the TRIB1 gene are highly significantly associated with plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease. While TRIB1 is likely causal of these associations, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we sought to investigate how TRIB1 influences low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in mice. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Trib1 (Trib1Δhep) in mice increased plasma cholesterol and apoB and slowed the catabolism of LDL-apoB due to decreased levels of LDL receptor (LDLR) mRNA and protein. Simultaneous deletion of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα) with TRIB1 eliminated the effects of TRIB1 on hepatic LDLR regulation and LDL catabolism. Using RNA-seq, we found that activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) was highly upregulated in the livers of Trib1Δhep but not Trib1Δhep CebpaΔhep mice. ATF3 has been shown to directly bind to the CEBPα protein, and to repress the expression of LDLR by binding its promoter. Blunting the increase of ATF3 in Trib1Δhep mice reduced the levels of plasma cholesterol and partially attenuated the effects on LDLR. Based on these data, we conclude that deletion of Trib1 leads to a posttranslational increase in CEBPα, which increases ATF3 levels, thereby contributing to the downregulation of LDLR and increased plasma LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Donna M Conlon
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - John S Millar
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Robert C Bauer
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine.,Department of Genetics.,Department of Pediatrics, and.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Mayoral-Varo V, Jiménez L, Link W. The Critical Role of TRIB2 in Cancer and Therapy Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112701. [PMID: 34070799 PMCID: PMC8198994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Tribbles proteins are members of CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. They are evolutionary conserved pseudokinases found in most tissues of eukaryotic organisms. This ubiquitously expressed protein family is characterized by containing a catalytically deficient kinase domain which lacks amino acid residues required for the productive interaction with ATP and metal ions. Tribbles proteins exert their biological functions mainly through direct interaction with MAPKK and AKT proteins, therefore regulating important pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Due to the role of MAPKK and AKT signalling in the context of cancer development, Tribbles proteins have been recently considered as biomarkers of cancer progression. Furthermore, as the atypical pseudokinase domain retains a binding platform for substrates, Tribbles targeting provides an attractive opportunity for drug development. Abstract The Tribbles pseudokinases family consists of TRIB1, TRIB2, TRIB3 and STK40 and, although evolutionarily conserved, they have distinctive characteristics. Tribbles members are expressed in a context and cell compartment-dependent manner. For example, TRIB1 and TRIB2 have potent oncogenic activities in vertebrate cells. Since the identification of Tribbles proteins as modulators of multiple signalling pathways, recent studies have linked their expression with several pathologies, including cancer. Tribbles proteins act as protein adaptors involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system, as they bridge the gap between substrates and E3 ligases. Between TRIB family members, TRIB2 is the most ancestral member of the family. TRIB2 is involved in protein homeostasis regulation of C/EBPα, β-catenin and TCF4. On the other hand, TRIB2 interacts with MAPKK, AKT and NFkB proteins, involved in cell survival, proliferation and immune response. Here, we review the characteristic features of TRIB2 structure and signalling and its role in many cancer subtypes with an emphasis on TRIB2 function in therapy resistance in melanoma, leukemia and glioblastoma. The strong evidence between TRIB2 expression and chemoresistance provides an attractive opportunity for targeting TRIB2.
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10
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Nimer N, Choucair I, Wang Z, Nemet I, Li L, Gukasyan J, Weeks TL, Alkhouri N, Zein N, Tang WHW, Fischbach MA, Brown JM, Allayee H, Dasarathy S, Gogonea V, Hazen SL. Bile acids profile, histopathological indices and genetic variants for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression. Metabolism 2021; 116:154457. [PMID: 33275980 PMCID: PMC7856026 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolomic studies suggest plasma levels of bile acids (BAs) are elevated amongst subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared to healthy controls. However, it remains unclear whether or not specific BAs are associated with the clinically relevant transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver (i.e. simple steatosis) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or enhanced progression of hepatic fibrosis, or genetic determinants of NAFLD/NASH. METHODS Among sequential subjects (n=102) undergoing diagnostic liver biopsy, we examined the associations of a broad panel of BAs with distinct histopathological features of NAFLD, the presence of NASH, and their associations with genetic variants linked to NAFLD and NASH. RESULTS Plasma BA alterations were observed through the entire spectrum of NAFLD, with several glycine conjugated forms of the BAs demonstrating significant associations with higher grades of inflammation and fibrosis. Plasma 7-Keto-DCA levels showed the strongest associations with advanced stages of hepatic fibrosis [odds ratio(95% confidence interval)], 4.2(1.2-16.4), NASH 24.5(4.1-473), and ballooning 18.7(4.8-91.9). Plasma 7-Keto-LCA levels were associated with NASH 9.4(1.5-185) and ballooning 5.9(1.4-28.8). Genetic variants at several NAFLD/NASH loci were nominally associated with increased levels of 7-Keto- and glycine-conjugated forms of BAs, and the NAFLD risk allele at the TRIB1 locus showed strong tendency toward increased plasma levels of GCA (p=0.02) and GUDCA (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Circulating bile acid levels are associated with histopathological and genetic determinants of the transition from simple hepatic steatosis into NASH. Further studies exploring the potential involvement of bile acid metabolism in the development and/or progression of distinct histopathological features of NASH are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Nimer
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Ibrahim Choucair
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Janet Gukasyan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Taylor L Weeks
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naim Alkhouri
- Texas Liver Institute and University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78215, USA
| | - Nizar Zein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
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11
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Abbey D, Elwyn S, Hand NJ, Musunuru K, Rader DJ. Self-Organizing Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Hepatocyte 3D Organoids Inform the Biology of the Pleiotropic TRIB1 Gene. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1316-1331. [PMID: 32923835 PMCID: PMC7471428 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishment of a physiologically relevant human hepatocyte‐like cell system for in vitro translational research has been hampered by the limited availability of cell models that accurately reflect human biology and the pathophysiology of human disease. Here we report a robust, reproducible, and scalable protocol for the generation of hepatic organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using short exposure to nonengineered matrices. These hepatic organoids follow defined stages of hepatic development and express higher levels of early (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A [HNF4A], prospero‐related homeobox 1 [PROX1]) and mature hepatic and metabolic markers (albumin, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 [ASGR1], CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α [C/EBPα]) than two‐dimensional (2D) hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) at day 20 of differentiation. We used this model to explore the biology of the pleiotropic TRIB1 (Tribbles‐1) gene associated with a number of metabolic traits, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and plasma lipids. We used genome editing to delete the TRIB1 gene in hiPSCs and compared TRIB1‐deleted iPSC‐HLCs to isogenic iPSC‐HLCs under both 2D culture and three‐dimensional (3D) organoid conditions. Under conventional 2D culture conditions, TRIB1‐deficient HLCs showed maturation defects, with decreased expression of late‐stage hepatic and lipogenesis markers. In contrast, when cultured as 3D hepatic organoids, the differentiation defects were rescued, and a clear lipid‐related phenotype was noted in the TRIB1‐deficient induced pluripotent stem cell HLCs. Conclusion: This work supports the potential of genome‐edited hiPSC‐derived hepatic 3D organoids in exploring human hepatocyte biology, including the functional interrogation of genes identified through human genetic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Abbey
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Susannah Elwyn
- Department of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Department of Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA.,Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
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12
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Soubeyrand S, Nikpay M, Lau P, Turner A, Hoang HD, Alain T, McPherson R. CARMAL Is a Long Non-coding RNA Locus That Regulates MFGE8 Expression. Front Genet 2020; 11:631. [PMID: 32625236 PMCID: PMC7311772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) most of them located in non-protein coding regions of the genome. One such locus is the CAD Associated Region between MFGE8 and ABHD2 (CARMA), a ∼18 kb haplotype that was recently shown to regulate vicinal protein coding genes. Here, we further investigate the region by examining a long non-coding RNA gene locus (CARMAL/RP11-326A19.4/AC013565) abutting the CARMA region. Expression-genotype correlation analyses of public databases indicate that CARMAL levels are influenced by CAD associated variants suggesting that it might have cardioprotective functions. We found CARMAL to be stably expressed at relatively low levels and enriched in the cytosol. CARMAL function was investigated by several gene targeting approaches in HEK293T: inactive CRISPR fusion proteins, antisense, overexpression and inactivation by CRISPR-mediated knock-out. Modest increases in CARMAL (3–4×) obtained via CRISPRa using distinct single-guided RNAs did not result in consistent transcriptome effects. By contrast, CARMAL deletion or reduced CARMAL expression via CRISPRi increased MFGE8 levels, suggesting that CARMAL is contributing to reduce MFGE8 expression under basal conditions. While future investigations are required to clarify the mechanism(s) by which CARMAL acts on MFGE8, integrative bioinformatic analyses of the transcriptome of CARMAL deleted cells suggest that this locus may also be involved in leucine metabolism, splicing, transcriptional regulation and Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Soubeyrand
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Majid Nikpay
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paulina Lau
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Huy-Dung Hoang
- Children Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Children Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genomic loci in humans that are significantly associated with plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and coronary artery disease. Although some loci contain genes with known regulatory roles in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, the majority were being implicated for the first time. The 8q24 locus, containing the gene TRIB1 ( Tribbles-1), is the only novel GWAS locus that associates with all 4 plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease, an observation that has spurred immense interest in this locus. Subsequent in vivo loss and gain of function studies confirmed that Trib1 plays a role in hepatic lipid metabolism, validating the initial genetic observation. Yet, many challenges remain in discerning the nature of the association between the TRIB1 locus and cardiometabolic phenotypes. Is TRIB1 the causal gene at the 8q24 locus and what is the functional consequence of the associated noncoding variation? Is the relationship between TRIB1 and the transcription factor C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) the primary molecular mechanism governing the genetic association or could it be an as yet unknown function for this interesting pseudokinase? Is hepatic TRIB1 the sole regulator of lipid metabolism or could extrahepatic TRIB1 play a role as well? The following review summarizes key findings related to these questions and highlights both the challenges and excitement in pursuing translational research of a novel gene in the post-GWAS era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita S Jadhav
- From the Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York
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14
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Richmond L, Keeshan K. Pseudokinases: a tribble-edged sword. FEBS J 2019; 287:4170-4182. [PMID: 31621188 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of the Tribbles family of pseudokinases (TRIB1, TRIB2 and TRIB3) reveal these proteins as potentially valuable biomarkers of disease diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and clinical strategy. In their role as signalling mediators and scaffolding proteins, TRIBs lead to changes in protein stability and activity, which impact on diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle and cell death. We review the role of TRIB proteins as promising therapeutic targets, with an emphasis on their role in cancer, and as biomarkers, with potential application across diverse pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Richmond
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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15
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Singh AB, Liu J. Berberine decreases plasma triglyceride levels and upregulates hepatic TRIB1 in LDLR wild type mice and in LDLR deficient mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15641. [PMID: 31666640 PMCID: PMC6821852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIB1 is a GWAS locus associated with plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) levels. In mice, liver-specific overexpression of TRIB1 lowers plasma lipid levels. Berberine (BBR) is a natural lipid lowering drug that reduces plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and TG in hyperlipidemic patients and in mice by mechanisms involving upregulation of hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR). Here, we demonstrated that BBR treatment reduced plasma LDL-C, TC and TG in LDLR wildtype (WT) mice fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet and it only lowered TG in LDLR WT mice fed a normal chow diet. In hypercholesterolemic LDLR deficient mice (Ldlr-/-), BBR treatment reduced plasma TG levels by 51% compared to the vehicle control without affecting plasma cholesterol levels. Hepatic gene expression analysis revealed that Trib1 mRNA levels were significantly elevated by BBR treatment in all three mouse models and increases of Trib1 mRNA expression were associated with reduced expression of lipogenic genes including Cebpa, Acc1 and Scd1. In vitro studies further demonstrate that BBR induces TRIB1 mRNA expression by a transcriptional mechanism via ERK signaling pathway. These new findings warrant future in vivo studies to determine the causal role of Trib1 in BBR-mediated TG lowering independent of LDLR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Bahadur Singh
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, 94304, USA
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, 94304, USA.
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16
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Klimanova EA, Sidorenko SV, Smolyaninova LV, Kapilevich LV, Gusakova SV, Lopina OD, Orlov SN. Ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients in rodent cells: Physiological and pathophysiological implications. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:107-149. [PMID: 31196602 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of [Na+]i/[K+]i-ratio is considered as one of the major signals triggering transcriptomic changes in various cells types. In this study, we identified ubiquitous and cell type-specific [Formula: see text] -sensitive genes by comparative analysis of transcriptomic changes in ouabain-treated rat aorta smooth muscle cells and rat aorta endothelial cells (RASMC and RAEC, respectively), rat cerebellar granule cells (RCGC), and mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Exposure of the cells to ouabain increased intracellular Na+ content by ~14, 8, 7, and 6-fold and resulted in appearance of 7577, 2698, 2120, and 1146 differentially expressed transcripts in RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. Eighty-three genes were found as the intersection of the four sets of identified transcripts corresponding to each cell type and are classified as ubiquitous. Among the 10 top upregulated ubiquitous transcripts are the following: Dusp6, Plk3, Trib1, Ccl7, Mafk, Atf3, Ptgs2, Cxcl1, Spry4, and Coq10b. Unique transcripts whose expression is cell-specific include 4897, 1523, 789, and 494 transcripts for RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively. The role of gene expression and signal pathways induced by dissipation of transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations in the development of various diseases is discussed with special attention to cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta A Klimanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Sidorenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa V Smolyaninova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga D Lopina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N Orlov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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17
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Tian J, Marino R, Johnson C, Locker J. Binding of Drug-Activated CAR/Nr1i3 Alters Metabolic Regulation in the Liver. iScience 2018; 9:209-228. [PMID: 30396153 PMCID: PMC6222290 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR/Nr1i3) regulates detoxification of drugs and other xenobiotics by the liver. Binding of these compounds, activating ligands, causes CAR to translocate to the nucleus and stimulate genes of detoxification. However, CAR activation also changes metabolism and induces rapid liver growth. To explain this gene regulation, we characterized the genome-wide early binding of CAR; its binding partner, RXRα; and the acetylation that they induced on H4K5. CAR-linked genes showed either stimulation or inhibition and regulated lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism, as well as detoxification. Stimulation of expression increased, but inhibition did not decrease, H4K5Ac. Transcriptional inhibition occurred when CAR bound with HNF4α, PPARα, or FXR on the same enhancers. Functional competition among these bound nuclear receptors normally coordinates transcriptional resources as metabolism shifts. However, binding of drug-activated CAR to the same enhancers adds a new competitor that constitutively alters the normal balance of metabolic gene regulation. CAR activation stimulates a massive liver transcriptional response Target genes control drug detoxification, general metabolism, and liver growth CAR stimulates genes through coactivation and histone acetylation CAR inhibits genes when it shares their enhancers with other nuclear receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rebecca Marino
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Carla Johnson
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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18
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Moya L, Lai J, Hoffman A, Srinivasan S, Panchadsaram J, Chambers S, Clements JA, Batra J. Association Analysis of a Microsatellite Repeat in the TRIB1 Gene With Prostate Cancer Risk, Aggressiveness and Survival. Front Genet 2018; 9:428. [PMID: 30337939 PMCID: PMC6180282 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 1.1 million men worldwide diagnosed with prostate cancer yearly, effective and more specific biomarkers for early diagnosis could lead to better patient outcome. As such, novel genetic markers are sought for this purpose. The tribbles homologue 1 gene (TRIB1) has recently shown to have a role in prostate tumorigenesis and data-mining of prostate cancer expression data confirmed clinical significance of TRIB1 in prostate cancer. For the first time, a polymorphic microsatellite in this gene was studied for its potential association with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness. Genomic DNA was extracted from a cohort of 1,152 prostate cancer patients and 1,196 cancer-free controls and the TTTTG-TRIB1 microsatellite was genotyped. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using the non-parametric t-test and two-way ANOVA. Association of the TTTTG-TRIB1 microsatellite and prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness were analyzed by binary logistic regression and confirmed by bootstrapping. Total and prostate cancer mortality was analyzed using the Kaplan Meier test. Genotype and allele correlation with TRIB1 mRNA levels was analyzed using the non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To predict the effect that the TTTTG-TRIB1 polymorphisms had on the mRNA structure, the in silico RNA folding predictor tool, mfold, was used. By analyzing the publicly available data, we confirmed a significant over-expression of TRIB1 in prostate cancer compared to other cancer types, and an over-expression in prostate cancerous tissue compared to adjacent benign. Three alleles (three-five repeats) were observed for TTTTG-TRIB1. The three-repeat allele was associated with prostate cancer risk at the allele (OR = 1.16; P = 0.044) and genotypic levels (OR = 1.70; P = 0.006) and this association was age-independent. The four-repeat allele was inversely associated with prosatet cancer risk (OR = 0.57; P < 0.0001). TRIB1 expression was upregulated in tumors when compared to adjacent cancer-free tissue but was not allele specific. In silico analysis suggested that the TTTTG-TRIB1 alleles may alter TRIB1 mRNA structure. In summary, the three-repeat allele was significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, suggesting a biomarker potential for this microsatellite to predict prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the functional role of this microsatellite in regulating TRIB1 expression, perhaps by affecting the TRIB1 mRNA structure and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Moya
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John Lai
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea Hoffman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janaththani Panchadsaram
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith A. Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Cancer Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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