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Gradwohl G, Snipes S, Walitza S, Huber R, Gerstenberg M. Timing and cortical region matter: theta power differences between teenagers affected by Major Depression and healthy controls. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:1105-1115. [PMID: 39105815 PMCID: PMC11365826 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In adults affected by Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), most findings point to higher electroencephalographic (EEG) theta power during wake compared to healthy controls (HC) as a potential biomarker aiding the diagnostic process or subgrouping for stratified treatment. Besides these group differences, theta power is modulated by time of day, sleep/wake history, and age. Thus, we aimed at assessing if the time of recording alters theta power in teenagers affected by MDD or HC. Standardized wake EEG power was assessed with high-density EEG in 15 children and adolescents with MDD and in 15 age- and sex-matched HC in the evening and morning. Using a two-way ANOVA, group, time, and their interaction were tested. In patients, the current severity of depression was rated using the Children's Depression Rating Scale. Broadband EEG power was lower in the morning after sleep, with a significant interaction (group x time) in central regions in the 4-6 Hz range. In MDD relative to HC, theta power was decreased over occipital areas in the evening and increased over frontal areas in the morning. A higher frontal theta power was correlated with more severe depressive mood in the morning but not in the evening. This was a cross-sectional study design, including patients on antidepressant medication. In conclusion, depending on time of recording, region-specific opposite differences of theta power were found between teenagers with MDD and HC. These findings stress the importance of the time of the recording when investigating theta power's relationship to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Gradwohl
- Lev Academic Center, Department of Computer Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscicence Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscicence Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Gerstenberg
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Outpatient Services Winterthur, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Albanistrasse 24, Winterthur, 8400, Switzerland.
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Thieux M, Lioret J, Bouet R, Guyon A, Lachaux JP, Herbillon V, Franco P. Behavioral and Electrophysiological Markers of Attention Fluctuations in Children with Hypersomnolence. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5077. [PMID: 39274290 PMCID: PMC11395852 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. No device is yet available to effectively capture the attentional repercussions of hypersomnolence (HYP). The present study aimed to compare attentional performance of children with HYP, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and controls using behavioral and electrophysiological (EEG) markers, and to assess their relationship with conventional sleepiness measurements. Methods. Children with HYP underwent a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) and completed the adapted Epworth sleepiness scale (AESS). Along with age-matched children with ADHD, they were submitted to a resting EEG followed by the Bron-Lyon Attention Stability Test (BLAST). The control group only performed the BLAST. Multivariate models compared reaction time (RT), error percentage, BLAST-Intensity, BLAST-Stability, theta activity, and theta/beta ratio between groups. Correlations between these measures and conventional sleepiness measurements were conducted in children with HYP. Results. Children with HYP had lower RT and BLAST-Stability than controls but showed no significant difference in BLAST/EEG markers compared to children with ADHD. The AESS was positively correlated with the percentage of errors and negatively with BLAST-Intensity. Conclusions. Children with HYP showed impulsivity and attention fluctuations, without difference from children with ADHD for BLAST/EEG markers. The BLAST-EEG protocol could be relevant for the objective assessment of attentional fluctuations related to hypersomnolence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Thieux
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
- Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique, Service d'épileptologie Clinique, des Troubles du Sommeil et de Neurologie Fonctionnelle de l'enfant, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Lioret
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
- Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique, Service d'épileptologie Clinique, des Troubles du Sommeil et de Neurologie Fonctionnelle de l'enfant, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Romain Bouet
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Aurore Guyon
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
- Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique, Service d'épileptologie Clinique, des Troubles du Sommeil et de Neurologie Fonctionnelle de l'enfant, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Vania Herbillon
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
- Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique, Service d'épileptologie Clinique, des Troubles du Sommeil et de Neurologie Fonctionnelle de l'enfant, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Franco
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Lyon, France
- Unité de Sommeil Pédiatrique, Service d'épileptologie Clinique, des Troubles du Sommeil et de Neurologie Fonctionnelle de l'enfant, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
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Snipes S, Meier E, Accascina S, Huber R. Extended wakefulness alters the relationship between EEG oscillations and performance in a sustained attention task. J Sleep Res 2024:e14230. [PMID: 38705729 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
During drowsiness, maintaining consistent attention becomes difficult, leading to behavioural lapses. Bursts of oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) might predict such lapses, given that alpha bursts increase during inattention and theta bursts increase with time spent awake. Paradoxically, however, alpha bursts decrease with time awake and theta bursts increase during focussed attention and cognitive tasks. Therefore, we investigated to what extent theta and alpha bursts predicted performance in a sustained attention task, either when well rested (baseline, BL) or following 20 h of extended wakefulness (EW). High-density EEG was measured in 18 young adults, and the timing of bursts was related to trial outcomes (fast, slow, and lapse trials). To increase the likelihood of lapses, the task was performed under soporific conditions. Against expectations, alpha bursts were more likely before fast trials and less likely before lapses at baseline, although the effect was substantially reduced during extended wakefulness. Theta bursts showed no significant relationship to behavioural outcome either at baseline or extended wakefulness. However, following exploratory analyses, we found that large-amplitude theta and alpha bursts were more likely to be followed by lapse trials during extended wakefulness but not baseline. In summary, alpha bursts during baseline anticipated better trial outcomes, whereas large-amplitude theta and alpha bursts during extended wakefulness anticipated worse outcomes. Therefore, neither theta nor alpha bursts maintain a consistent relationship with behaviour under different levels of overall vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elias Meier
- Child Development Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Centre, University Children's Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Snipes S, Krugliakova E, Jaramillo V, Volk C, Furrer M, Studler M, LeBourgeois M, Kurth S, Jenni OG, Huber R. Wake EEG oscillation dynamics reflect both sleep need and brain maturation across childhood and adolescence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.24.581878. [PMID: 38463948 PMCID: PMC10925212 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.24.581878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
An objective measure of brain maturation is highly insightful for monitoring both typical and atypical development. Slow wave activity, recorded in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), reliably indexes changes in brain plasticity with age, as well as deficits related to developmental disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unfortunately, measuring sleep EEG is resource-intensive and burdensome for participants. We therefore aimed to determine whether wake EEG could likewise index developmental changes in brain plasticity. We analyzed high-density wake EEG collected from 163 participants 3-25 years old, before and after a night of sleep. We compared two measures of oscillatory EEG activity, amplitudes and density, as well as two measures of aperiodic activity, intercepts and slopes. Furthermore, we compared these measures in patients with ADHD (8-17 y.o., N=58) to neurotypical controls. We found that wake oscillation amplitudes behaved the same as sleep slow wave activity: amplitudes decreased with age, decreased after sleep, and this overnight decrease decreased with age. Oscillation densities were also substantially age-dependent, decreasing overnight in children and increasing overnight in adolescents and adults. While both aperiodic intercepts and slopes decreased linearly with age, intercepts decreased overnight, and slopes increased overnight. Overall, our results indicate that wake oscillation amplitudes track both development and sleep need, and overnight changes in oscillation density reflect some yet-unknown shift in neural activity around puberty. No wake measure showed significant effects of ADHD, thus indicating that wake EEG measures, while easier to record, are not as sensitive as those during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Krugliakova
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Donders Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Jaramillo
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Carina Volk
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Furrer
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Studler
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Social Neuroscience and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique LeBourgeois
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Integrative Physiology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- In memoriam
| | - Salome Kurth
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Lee JS, Sato W, Son CG. Brain-regional characteristics and neuroinflammation in ME/CFS patients from neuroimaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103484. [PMID: 38016575 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating condition characterized by an elusive etiology and pathophysiology. This study aims to evaluate the pathological role of neuroinflammation in ME/CFS by conducting an exhaustive analysis of 65 observational studies. Four neuroimaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), electroencephalography (EEG), and positron emission tomography (PET), were employed to comparatively assess brain regional structure, metabolite profiles, electrical activity, and glial activity in 1529 ME/CFS patients (277 males, 1252 females) and 1715 controls (469 males, 1246 females). Clinical characteristics, including sex, age, and fatigue severity, were consistent with established epidemiological patterns. Regional alterations were most frequently identified in the cerebral cortex, with a notable focus on the frontal cortex. However, our meta-analysis data revealed a significant hypoactivity in the insular and thalamic regions, contrary to observed frequencies. These abnormalities, occurring in pivotal network hubs bridging reason and emotion, disrupt connections with the limbic system, contributing to the hallmark symptoms of ME/CFS. Furthermore, we discuss the regions where neuroinflammatory features are frequently observed and address critical neuroimaging limitations, including issues related to inter-rater reliability. This systematic review serves as a valuable guide for defining regions of interest (ROI) in future neuroimaging investigations of ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Research Center for CFS/ME, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wakiro Sato
- Department of Immunology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Research Center for CFS/ME, Daejeon Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Institute of Bioscience & Integrative Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Andrillon T, Oudiette D. What is sleep exactly? Global and local modulations of sleep oscillations all around the clock. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105465. [PMID: 37972882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Wakefulness, non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) and rapid eye-movement (REM) sleep differ from each other along three dimensions: behavioral, phenomenological, physiological. Although these dimensions often fluctuate in step, they can also dissociate. The current paradigm that views sleep as made of global NREM and REM states fail to account for these dissociations. This conundrum can be dissolved by stressing the existence and significance of the local regulation of sleep. We will review the evidence in animals and humans, healthy and pathological brains, showing different forms of local sleep and the consequences on behavior, cognition, and subjective experience. Altogether, we argue that the notion of local sleep provides a unified account for a host of phenomena: dreaming in REM and NREM sleep, NREM and REM parasomnias, intrasleep responsiveness, inattention and mind wandering in wakefulness. Yet, the physiological origins of local sleep or its putative functions remain unclear. Exploring further local sleep could provide a unique and novel perspective on how and why we sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andrillon
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm-CNRS, Paris 75013, France; Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Delphine Oudiette
- Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Université, Inserm-CNRS, Paris 75013, France
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Laguna A, Pusil S, Bazán À, Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Paltrinieri AL, Piras P, Palomares I Perera C, Pardos Véglia A, Garcia-Algar O, Orlandi S. Multi-modal analysis of infant cry types characterization: Acoustics, body language and brain signals. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107626. [PMID: 37918262 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant crying is the first attempt babies use to communicate during their initial months of life. A misunderstanding of the cry message can compromise infant care and future neurodevelopmental process. METHODS An exploratory study collecting multimodal data (i.e., crying, electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), facial expressions, and body movements) from 38 healthy full-term newborns was conducted. Cry types were defined based on different conditions (i.e., hunger, sleepiness, fussiness, need to burp, and distress). Statistical analysis, Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) techniques were used to identify relevant features for cry type classification and to evaluate a robust DL algorithm named Acoustic MultiStage Interpreter (AMSI). RESULTS Significant differences were found across cry types based on acoustics, EEG, NIRS, facial expressions, and body movements. Acoustics and body language were identified as the most relevant ML features to support the cause of crying. The DL AMSI algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 92%. CONCLUSIONS This study set a precedent for cry analysis research by highlighting the complexity of newborn cry expression and strengthening the potential use of infant cry analysis as an objective, reliable, accessible, and non-invasive tool for cry interpretation, improving the infant-parent relationship and ensuring family well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Adrián Zegarra-Valdivia
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain; Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Oscar Garcia-Algar
- Neonatology Unit, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Department de Cirurgia I Especialitats Mèdico-quirúrgiques, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Orlandi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi"(DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Snipes S, Meier E, Meissner SN, Landolt HP, Huber R. How and when EEG reflects changes in neuronal connectivity due to time awake. iScience 2023; 26:107138. [PMID: 37534173 PMCID: PMC10391938 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Being awake means forming new memories, primarily by strengthening neuronal synapses. The increase in synaptic strength results in increasing neuronal synchronicity, which should result in higher amplitude electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations. This is observed for slow waves during sleep but has not been found for wake oscillations. We hypothesized that this was due to a limitation of spectral power analysis, which does not distinguish between changes in amplitudes from changes in number of occurrences of oscillations. By using cycle-by-cycle analysis instead, we found that theta and alpha oscillation amplitudes increase as much as 30% following 24 h of extended wake. These increases were interrupted during the wake maintenance zone (WMZ), a window just before bedtime when it is difficult to fall asleep. We found that pupil diameter increased during this window, suggesting the ascending arousal system is responsible. In conclusion, wake oscillation amplitudes reflect increased synaptic strength, except during the WMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elias Meier
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nadine Meissner
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhou L, Xu Y, Song F, Li W, Gao F, Zhu Q, Qian Z. The effect of TENS on sleep: A pilot study. Sleep Med 2023; 107:126-136. [PMID: 37167876 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is the second most common neuropsychiatric disorder, but the current treatments are not very effective. There is therefore an urgent need to develop better treatments. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may be a promising means of treating insomnia. OBJECTIVE This work aims to explore whether and how TENS modulate sleep and the effect of stimulation waveforms on sleep. METHODS Forty-five healthy subjects participated in this study. Electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded before and after four mode low-frequency (1 Hz) TENS with different waveforms, which were formed by superimposing sine waves of different high frequencies (60-210 Hz) and low frequencies (1-6 Hz). The four waveform modes are formed by combining sine waves of varying frequencies. Mode 1 (M1) consists of a combination of high frequencies (60-110 Hz) and low frequencies (1-6 Hz). Mode 2 (M2) is made up of high frequencies (60-210 Hz) and low frequencies (1-6 Hz). Mode 3 (M3) consists of high frequencies (110-160 Hz) and low frequencies (1-6 Hz), while mode 4 (M4) is composed of high frequencies (160-210 Hz) and low frequencies (1-6 Hz). For M1, M3 and M4, the high frequency portions of the stimulus waveforms account for 50%, while for M2, the high frequency portion of the waveform accounts for 65%. For each mode, the current intensities ranged from 4 mA to 7 mA, with values for each participant adjusted according to individual tolerance. During stimulation, the subjects were stimulated at the greater occipital nerve by the four mode TENS. RESULTS M1, M3, and M4 slowed down the frequency of neural activity, broadened the distribution of theta waves, and caused a decrease in activity in wakefulness-related regions and an increase in activity in sleep-related regions. However, M2 has the opposite modulation effect. CONCLUSION These results indicated that low-frequency TENS (1 Hz) may facilitate sleep in a waveform-specific manner. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of sleep modulation by TENS and the design of effective insomnia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yixuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Fanlei Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Zhiyu Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Multimodal Brain-Computer Precision Drive Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing, 210016, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210016, China.
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Hameed MQ, Hodgson N, Lee HHC, Pascual-Leone A, MacMullin PC, Jannati A, Dhamne SC, Hensch TK, Rotenberg A. N-acetylcysteine treatment mitigates loss of cortical parvalbumin-positive interneuron and perineuronal net integrity resulting from persistent oxidative stress in a rat TBI model. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4070-4084. [PMID: 36130098 PMCID: PMC10068300 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases cerebral reactive oxygen species production, which leads to continuing secondary neuronal injury after the initial insult. Cortical parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs; neurons responsible for maintaining cortical inhibitory tone) are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and are thus disproportionately affected by TBI. Systemic N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment may restore cerebral glutathione equilibrium, thus preventing post-traumatic cortical PVI loss. We therefore tested whether weeks-long post-traumatic NAC treatment mitigates cortical oxidative stress, and whether such treatment preserves PVI counts and related markers of PVI integrity and prevents pathologic electroencephalographic (EEG) changes, 3 and 6 weeks after fluid percussion injury in rats. We find that moderate TBI results in persistent oxidative stress for at least 6 weeks after injury and leads to the loss of PVIs and the perineuronal net (PNN) that surrounds them as well as of per-cell parvalbumin expression. Prolonged post-TBI NAC treatment normalizes the cortical redox state, mitigates PVI and PNN loss, and - in surviving PVIs - increases per-cell parvalbumin expression. NAC treatment also preserves normal spectral EEG measures after TBI. We cautiously conclude that weeks-long NAC treatment after TBI may be a practical and well-tolerated treatment strategy to preserve cortical inhibitory tone post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Q Hameed
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nathaniel Hodgson
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Henry H C Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Andres Pascual-Leone
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Paul C MacMullin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Ali Jannati
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sameer C Dhamne
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Neuromodulation Program, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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11
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Gossé LK, Wiesemann F, Elwell CE, Jones EJH. Habitual night waking associates with dynamics of waking cortical theta power in infancy. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22344. [PMID: 36426793 PMCID: PMC9828365 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The implications of the substantial individual differences in infant sleep for early brain development remain unclear. Here, we examined whether night sleep quality relates to daytime brain activity, operationalized through measures of EEG theta power and its dynamic modulation, which have been previously linked to later cognitive development. For this longitudinal study, 76 typically developing infants were studied (age: 4-14 months, 166 individual study visits) over the course of 6 months with one, two, three, or four lab visits. Habitual sleep was measured with a 7-day sleep diary and actigraphy, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Twenty-channel EEG was recorded while infants watched multiple rounds of videos of women singing nursery rhymes; oscillatory power in the theta band was extracted. Key metrics were average theta across stimuli and the slope of change in theta within the first novel movie. Both objective and subjective sleep assessment methods showed a relationship between more night waking and higher overall theta power and reduced dynamic modulation of theta over the course of the novel video stimuli. These results may indicate altered learning and consolidation in infants with more disrupted night sleep, which may have implications for cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa K. Gossé
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, BirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Frank Wiesemann
- Research & DevelopmentProcter & GambleSchwalbach am TaunusGermany
| | - Clare E. Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Optics Research LaboratoryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emily J. H. Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, BirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondonUK
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12
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Hong M, Jang H, Bo S, Kim M, Deepa P, Park J, Sowndhararajan K, Kim S. Changes in Human Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to Agastache rugosa Essential Oil Exposure. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:238. [PMID: 35877308 PMCID: PMC9311756 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Agastache rugosa (Korean mint) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant and its aerial parts have a pleasant fragrance. A. rugosa leaves are used as an ingredient in salads and soups for enhancing the aroma and taste of foods in Korea. However, there is no report on the influence of the aroma of A. rugosa on human psychophysiological activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to the essential oil of Korean A. rugosa on human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. The essential oil of A. rugosa was isolated using steam distillation extraction and its composition was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In the EEG study, 38 healthy volunteers (19 men and 19 women) participated. The EEG readings were analyzed for 25 EEG indices from 29 electrodes placed on the scalp according to the international 10-20 system. The major component in the essential oil of A. rugosa was estragole (89.49%) followed by D-limonene (3.40%), menthone (1.80%), and pulegone (1.86%). In the EEG study, significant decreases in absolute theta (AT) and relative theta (RT) power spectra were observed during the exposure to A. rugosa essential oil when compared to that of no odor exposure. Whereas relative alpha (RA), relative slow alpha (RSA), spectral edge frequency 50% (SEF50), and spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha (ASEF) power spectra values significantly increased. These results reveal that the EEG power spectra changes incurred during the exposure to the essential oil of A. rugosa may be associated with the enhancement of freshness and concentration states of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Hong
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Hyejeong Jang
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Sela Bo
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Jiyea Park
- Bigsome Inc., 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | | | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.H.); (H.J.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (P.D.)
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13
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Sahu M, Tripathi R, Jha NK, Jha SK, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Cross talk mechanism of disturbed sleep patterns in neurological and psychological disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 140:104767. [PMID: 35811007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders continue to increase in the elderly populace, particularly those suffering from neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This not only affects the quality of life but also accelerates the progression of the disease. There are many reasons behind sleep disturbances in such patients, for instance, medication use, nocturia, obesity, environmental factors, nocturnal motor disturbances and depressive symptoms. This review focuses on the mechanism and effects of sleep dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Wherein we discuss disturbed circadian rhythm, signaling cascade and regulation of genes during sleep deprivation. Moreover, we explain the perturbation in brainwaves during disturbed sleep and the ocular perspective of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric manifestations in sleep disorders. Further, as the pharmacological approach is often futile and carries side effects, therefore, the non-pharmacological approach opens newer possibilities to treat these disorders and widens the landscape of treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET) Sharda University, UP, India.
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
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14
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Detection of alertness-related EEG signals based on decision fused BP neural network. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Avvenuti G, Bernardi G. Local sleep: A new concept in brain plasticity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:35-52. [PMID: 35034748 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, sleep and wakefulness have been considered as two global, mutually exclusive states. However, this view has been challenged by the discovery that sleep and wakefulness are actually locally regulated and that islands of these two states may often coexist in the same individual. Importantly, such a local regulation seems to be the key for many essential functions of sleep, including the maintenance of cognitive efficiency and the consolidation of new skills and memories. Indeed, local changes in sleep-related oscillations occur in brain areas that are used and involved in learning during wakefulness. In turn, these changes directly modulate experience-dependent brain adaptations and the consolidation of newly acquired memories. In line with these observations, alterations in the regional balance between wake- and sleep-like activity have been shown to accompany many pathologic conditions, including psychiatric and neurologic disorders. In the last decade, experimental research has started to shed light on the mechanisms involved in the local regulation of sleep and wakefulness. The results of this research have opened new avenues of investigation regarding the function of sleep and have revealed novel potential targets for the treatment of several pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Avvenuti
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Giulio Bernardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.
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16
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Iakovleva OV, Levin OS. [Speech and behavioral contaminations as non-epileptic automatic behavior in Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:58-63. [PMID: 34870915 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. More than two hundred years have passed since its description, but we still discover its new manifestations. Abnormal behaviors include impulse control disorders, dopamine dysregulation syndrome, psychotic disorders and others. However, two new phenomena have been recently described in patients with PD. It can manifest in the form of doing inappropriate actions which patient doesn't recognize, or pronouncing/writing unsuitable words and phrases. Patients can't remember such episodes, but find «signs» of their unconscious activity or hear about it from attestors. This article represents a review of literature on unrelated communication interlude and automatic behavior in Parkinson's disease and discusses its possible reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Iakovleva
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Levin
- Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
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17
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Giacopelli G, Tegolo D, Migliore M. The role of network connectivity on epileptiform activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20792. [PMID: 34675264 PMCID: PMC8531347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of potentially important mechanisms have been identified as key players to generate epileptiform activity, such as genetic mutations, activity-dependent alteration of synaptic functions, and functional network reorganization at the macroscopic level. Here we study how network connectivity at cellular level can affect the onset of epileptiform activity, using computational model networks with different wiring properties. The model suggests that networks connected as in real brain circuits are more resistant to generate seizure-like activity. The results suggest new experimentally testable predictions on the cellular network connectivity in epileptic individuals, and highlight the importance of using the appropriate network connectivity to investigate epileptiform activity with computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Giacopelli
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Tegolo
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Migliore
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy.
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18
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Avvenuti G, Bertelloni D, Lettieri G, Ricciardi E, Cecchetti L, Pietrini P, Bernardi G. Emotion Regulation Failures Are Preceded by Local Increases in Sleep-like Activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2021; 33:2342-2356. [PMID: 34618906 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Emotion self-regulation relies both on cognitive and behavioral strategies implemented to modulate the subjective experience and/or the behavioral expression of a given emotion. Although it is known that a network encompassing fronto-cingulate and parietal brain areas is engaged during successful emotion regulation, the functional mechanisms underlying failures in emotion suppression (ES) are still unclear. In order to investigate this issue, we analyzed video and high-density EEG recordings of 20 healthy adult participants during an ES and a free expression task performed on two consecutive days. Changes in facial expression during ES, but not free expression, were preceded by local increases in sleep-like activity (1-4 Hz) in brain areas responsible for emotional suppression, including bilateral anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, and in right middle/inferior frontal gyrus (p < .05, corrected). Moreover, shorter sleep duration the night before the ES experiment correlated with the number of behavioral errors (p = .03) and tended to be associated with higher frontal sleep-like activity during ES failures (p = .09). These results indicate that local sleep-like activity may represent the cause of ES failures in humans and may offer a functional explanation for previous observations linking lack of sleep, changes in frontal activity, and emotional dysregulation.
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19
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Ochab JK, Szwed J, Oleś K, Bereś A, Chialvo DR, Domagalik A, Fąfrowicz M, Ogińska H, Gudowska-Nowak E, Marek T, Nowak MA. Observing changes in human functioning during induced sleep deficiency and recovery periods. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255771. [PMID: 34469434 PMCID: PMC8409667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of sleep restriction seem to be common in the contemporary world. Sleep loss causes perturbations of circadian rhythmicity and degradation of waking alertness as reflected in attention, cognitive efficiency and memory. Understanding whether and how the human brain recovers from chronic sleep loss is important not only from a scientific but also from a public health perspective. In this work we report on behavioral, motor, and neurophysiological correlates of sleep loss in healthy adults in an unprecedented study conducted in natural conditions and comprising 21 consecutive days divided into periods of 4 days of regular life (a baseline), 10 days of chronic partial sleep restriction (30% reduction relative to individual sleep need) and 7 days of recovery. Throughout the whole experiment we continuously measured the spontaneous locomotor activity by means of actigraphy with 1-minute resolution. On a daily basis the subjects were undergoing EEG measurements (64-electrodes with 500 Hz sampling frequency): resting state with eyes open and closed (8 minutes long each) followed by Stroop task lasting 22 minutes. Altogether we analyzed actigraphy (distributions of rest and activity durations), behavioral measures (reaction times and accuracy from Stroop task) and EEG (amplitudes, latencies and scalp maps of event-related potentials from Stroop task and power spectra from resting states). We observed unanimous deterioration in all the measures during sleep restriction. Further results indicate that a week of recovery subsequent to prolonged periods of sleep restriction is insufficient to recover fully. Only one measure (mean reaction time in Stroop task) reverted to baseline values, while the others did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremi K. Ochab
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- M. Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Szwed
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- M. Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Oleś
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Bereś
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dante R. Chialvo
- Center for Complex Systems & Brain Sciences (CEMSC3), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aleksandra Domagalik
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Fąfrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halszka Ogińska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gudowska-Nowak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Marek
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Małopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej A. Nowak
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- M. Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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20
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Lanzone J, Ricci L, Tombini M, Boscarino M, Mecarelli O, Pulitano P, Di Lazzaro V, Assenza G. The effect of Perampanel on EEG spectral power and connectivity in patients with focal epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2176-2183. [PMID: 34284253 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quantitative Encephalography (qEEG) depicts synthetically the features of EEG signal and represents a promising tool in the assessment of neurophysiological changes brought about by Anti-Seizure Medications (ASMs). In this study we characterized qEEG alterations related to add-on therapy with Perampanel (PER). PER is the only ASM presenting a direct glutamatergic antagonism, hence the characterization of PER induced EEG changes could help to better understand its large spectrum of efficacy. METHODS We analysed standard-19 channel-EEG from 25 People with Epilepsy (PwE) both before (T0) and after (T1) the introduction of PER as add-on treatment. Normal values were obtained in 30 healthy controls (HC) matched for sex and age. EEGs were analysed using Matlab™ and the EEGlab and Brainstorm toolkits. We extracted spectral power and connectivity (Phase locking Value) of EEG signal and then compared these features between T0 and T1 and across groups (PwE, HC), we also evaluated the correlations with clinical features. RESULTS PwE showed increased theta power (p = 0.036) after the introduction of PER but no significant change of EEG connectivity. We also found that PwE have reduced beta power (p = 0.012) and increased connectivity in delta (p = 0.013) and theta (p = 0.007) range as compared to HC, but no significant change was observed between T0 and T1 in PwE. Finally, we found that PwE classified as drug responders to PER have greater alpha power both at T0 and at T1 (p = 0.024) suggesting that this parameter may predict response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS PER causes slight increase of theta activity and does not alter connectivity as assessed by standard EEG. Moreover, greater alpha power could be a good marker of response to PER therapy, and potentially ASM therapy in general. SIGNIFICANCE Our results corroborate the hypothesis that pharmaco-EEG is a viable tool to study neurophysiological changes induced by ASM. Additionally, our work highlights the role of alpha power as a marker of ASM therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Lanzone
- Rehabilitation Unit, FERB Onlus Hospital, Trescore Balneario, Italy; Deparment of Systems Medicine, Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Ricci
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Tombini
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilisa Boscarino
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Oriano Mecarelli
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pulitano
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Assenza
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
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21
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Hou F, Zhang L, Qin B, Gaggioni G, Liu X, Vandewalle G. Changes in EEG permutation entropy in the evening and in the transition from wake to sleep. Sleep 2021; 44:5959865. [PMID: 33159205 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the complexity of the EEG signal during prolonged wakefulness and during sleep is gaining interest as an additional mean to characterize the mechanisms associated with sleep and wakefulness regulation. Here, we characterized how EEG complexity, as indexed by Multiscale Permutation Entropy (MSPE), changed progressively in the evening prior to light off and during the transition from wakefulness to sleep. We further explored whether MSPE was able to discriminate between wakefulness and sleep around sleep onset and whether MSPE changes were correlated with spectral measures of the EEG related to sleep need during concomitant wakefulness (theta power-Ptheta: 4-8 Hz). To address these questions, we took advantage of large datasets of several hundred of ambulatory EEG recordings of individual of both sexes aged 25-101 years. Results show that MSPE significantly decreases before light off (i.e. before sleep time) and in the transition from wakefulness to sleep onset. Furthermore, MSPE allows for an excellent discrimination between pre-sleep wakefulness and early sleep. Finally, we show that MSPE is correlated with concomitant Ptheta. Yet, the direction of the latter correlation changed from before light-off to the transition to sleep. Given the association between EEG complexity and consciousness, MSPE may track efficiently putative changes in consciousness preceding sleep onset. An MSPE stands as a comprehensive measure that is not limited to a given frequency band and reflects a progressive change brain state associated with sleep and wakefulness regulation. It may be an effective mean to detect when the brain is in a state close to sleep onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Hou
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baokun Qin
- School of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Giulia Gaggioni
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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22
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Neikrug AB, Mander BA, Radom-Aizik S, Chen IY, Stehli A, Lui KK, Chappel-Farley MG, Dave A, Benca RM. Aerobic fitness and the sleeping brain of adolescents-a pilot study. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 2:zpab005. [PMID: 33981996 PMCID: PMC8101484 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Aerobic fitness (AF) and sleep are major determinants of health in adolescents and impact neurocognitive and psychological development. However, little is known about the interactions between AF and sleep during the developmental transition experienced across adolescence. This study aimed to consider the relationships between AF and habitual sleep patterns and sleep neurophysiology in healthy adolescents. METHODS Subjects (mean age = 14.6 ± 2.3 years old, range 11-17, 11 females) were evaluated for AF (peak VO2 assessed by ramp-type progressive cycle ergometry in the laboratory), habitual sleep duration and efficiency (7-14 days actigraphy), and topographic patterns of spectral power in slow wave, theta, and sleep spindle frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep using overnight polysomnography (PSG) with high-density electroencephalography (hdEEG, 128 channels). RESULTS Significant relationships were observed between peak VO2 and habitual bedtime (r = -0.650, p = .009) and wake-up time (r = -0.603, p = .017), with greater fitness associated with going to bed and waking up earlier. Peak VO2 significantly predicted slow oscillations (0.5-1 Hz, p = .018) and theta activity (4.5-7.5 Hz, p = .002) over anterior frontal and central derivations (p < .001 and p = .001, respectively) after adjusting for sex and pubertal development stage. Similar associations were detected for fast sleep spindle activity (13-16 Hz, p = .006), which was greater over temporo-parietal derivations. CONCLUSIONS Greater AF was associated with a more mature pattern of topographically-specific features of sleep EEG known to support neuroplasticity and cognitive processes and which are dependent on prefrontal cortex and hippocampal function in adolescents and adults. AF was also correlated with a smaller behavioral sleep phase delay commonly seen during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel B Neikrug
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Ivy Y Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Annamarie Stehli
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Kitty K Lui
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Abhishek Dave
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Ruth M Benca
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
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23
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Gorgoni M, D’Atri A, Scarpelli S, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. The electroencephalographic features of the sleep onset process and their experimental manipulation with sleep deprivation and transcranial electrical stimulation protocols. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:25-37. [PMID: 32343983 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Timofeev I, Schoch SF, LeBourgeois MK, Huber R, Riedner BA, Kurth S. Spatio-temporal properties of sleep slow waves and implications for development. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 15:172-182. [PMID: 32455180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective sleep quality can be measured by electroencephalography (EEG), a non-invasive technique to quantify electrical activity generated by the brain. With EEG, sleep depth is measured by appearance and an increase in slow wave activity (scalp-SWA). EEG slow waves (scalp-SW) are the manifestation of underlying synchronous membrane potential transitions between silent (DOWN) and active (UP) states. This bistable periodic rhythm is defined as slow oscillation (SO). During its "silent state" cortical neurons are hyperpolarized and appear inactive, while during its "active state" cortical neurons are depolarized, fire spikes and exhibit continuous synaptic activity, excitatory and inhibitory. In adults, data from high-density EEG revealed that scalp-SW propagate across the cortical mantle in complex patterns. However, scalp-SW propagation undergoes modifications across development. We present novel data from children, indicating that scalp-SW originate centro-parietally, and emerge more frontally by adolescence. Based on the concept that SO and SW could actively modify neuronal connectivity, we discuss whether they fulfill a key purpose in brain development by actively conveying modifications of the maturing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Timofeev
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah F Schoch
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Sleep and Development Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Salome Kurth
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, CH.,Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH
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25
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Simor P, van Der Wijk G, Gombos F, Kovács I. The paradox of rapid eye movement sleep in the light of oscillatory activity and cortical synchronization during phasic and tonic microstates. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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26
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D'Ambrosio S, Castelnovo A, Guglielmi O, Nobili L, Sarasso S, Garbarino S. Sleepiness as a Local Phenomenon. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1086. [PMID: 31680822 PMCID: PMC6813205 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep occupies a third of our life and is a primary need for all animal species studied so far. Nonetheless, chronic sleep restriction is a growing source of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Sleep loss is associated with the subjective feeling of sleepiness and with decreased performance, as well as with detrimental effects on general health, cognition, and emotions. The ideas that small brain areas can be asleep while the rest of the brain is awake and that local sleep may account for at least some of the cognitive and behavioral manifestations of sleepiness are making their way into the scientific community. We herein clarify the different ways sleep can intrude into wakefulness, summarize recent scientific advances in the field, and offer some hypotheses that help framing sleepiness as a local phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha D'Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Castelnovo
- Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital (EOC) of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ottavia Guglielmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Sarasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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27
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Posada-Quintero HF, Reljin N, Bolkhovsky JB, Orjuela-Cañón AD, Chon KH. Brain Activity Correlates With Cognitive Performance Deterioration During Sleep Deprivation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1001. [PMID: 31607847 PMCID: PMC6761229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the correlation between oscillatory brain activity and performance in healthy subjects performing the error awareness task (EAT) every 2 h, for 24 h. In the EAT, subjects were shown on a screen the names of colors and were asked to press a key if the name of the color and the color it was shown in matched, and the screen was not a duplicate of the one before (“Go” trials). In the event of a duplicate screen (“Repeat No-Go” trial) or a color mismatch (“Stroop No-Go” trial), the subjects were asked to withhold from pressing the key. We assessed subjects’ (N = 10) response inhibition by measuring accuracy of the “Stroop No-Go” (SNGacc) and “Repeat No-Go” trials (RNGacc). We assessed their reactivity by measuring reaction time in the “Go” trials (GRT). Simultaneously, nine electroencephalographic (EEG) channels were recorded (Fp2, F7, F8, O1, Oz, Pz, O2, T7, and T8). The correlation between reactivity and response inhibition measures to brain activity was tested using quantitative measures of brain activity based on the relative power of gamma, beta, alpha, theta, and delta waves. In general, response inhibition and reactivity reached a steady level between 6 and 16 h of sleep deprivation, which was followed by sustained impairment after 18 h. Channels F7 and Fp2 had the highest correlation to the indices of performance. Measures of response inhibition (RNGacc and SNGacc) were correlated to the alpha and theta waves’ power for most of the channels, especially in the F7 channel (r = 0.82 and 0.84, respectively). The reactivity (GRT) exhibited the highest correlation to the power of gamma waves in channel Fp2 (0.76). We conclude that quantitative measures of EEG provide information that can help us to better understand changes in subjects’ performance and could be used as an indicator to prevent the adverse consequences of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Posada-Quintero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Natasa Reljin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jeffrey B Bolkhovsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Alvaro D Orjuela-Cañón
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica, Electrónica y Biomédica, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ki H Chon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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28
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The neurophysiological basis of excessive daytime sleepiness: suggestions of an altered state of consciousness. Sleep Breath 2019; 24:15-23. [PMID: 31140116 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by difficulty staying awake during daytime, though additional features may be present. EDS is a significant problem for clinical and non-clinical populations, being associated with a range of negative outcomes that also represent a burden for society. Extreme EDS is associated with sleep disorders, most notably the central hypersomnias such as narcolepsy, Kleine-Levin syndrome, and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). Although investigation of these conditions indicates that EDS results from diminished sleep quality, the underlying cause for this impairment remains uncertain. One possibility could be that previous research has been too narrow in scope with insufficient attention paid to non-sleep-related aspects. Here, we offer a broader perspective in which findings concerning the impact of EDS on cortical functioning are interpreted in relation to current understanding about the neural basis of consciousness. Alterations in the spatial distribution of cortical activity, in particular reduced connectivity of frontal cortex, suggest that EDS is associated with an altered state of consciousness.
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29
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Petit G, Cebolla AM, Fattinger S, Petieau M, Summerer L, Cheron G, Huber R. Local sleep-like events during wakefulness and their relationship to decreased alertness in astronauts on ISS. NPJ Microgravity 2019; 5:10. [PMID: 31069253 PMCID: PMC6497715 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-019-0069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate sleep quantity and quality is required to maintain vigilance, cognitive and learning processes. A decrease of sleep quantity preflight and on the International Space Station (ISS) has been reported. Recent counter-measures have been implemented to better regulate sleep opportunities on ISS. In our study, astronauts were allocated enough time for sleep the night before the recordings. However, for proper sleep recovery, the quality of sleep is also critical. Unfortunately, data on sleep quality have yet to be acquired from the ISS. Here, we investigate sleep pressure markers during wakefulness in five astronauts throughout their 6-month space mission by the mean of electroencephalographic recordings. We show a global increase of theta oscillations (5–7 Hz) on the ISS compared to on Earth before the mission. We also show that local sleep-like events, another marker of sleep pressure, are more global in space (p < 0.001). By analysing the performances of the astronauts during a docking simulation, we found that local sleep-like events are more global when reaction times are slower (R2 = 0.03, p = 0.006) and there is an increase of reaction times above 244 ms after 2 months in space (p = 0.012). Our analyses provide first evidence for increased sleep pressure in space and raise awareness on possible impacts on visuomotor performances in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Petit
- 1Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands.,2Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Maria Cebolla
- 3Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Fattinger
- 2Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Petieau
- 3Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leopold Summerer
- 1Advanced Concepts Team, European Space Agency, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Cheron
- 3Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Brussels, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reto Huber
- 2Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.,4Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Bernardi G, Betta M, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P, Tononi G, Siclari F. Regional Delta Waves In Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2686-2697. [PMID: 30737310 PMCID: PMC6445986 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2298-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the EEG slow wave of sleep is typically considered to be a hallmark of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, recent work in mice has shown that slow waves can also occur in REM sleep. Here, we investigated the presence and cortical distribution of negative delta (1-4 Hz) waves in human REM sleep by analyzing high-density EEG sleep recordings obtained in 28 healthy subjects. We identified two clusters of delta waves with distinctive properties: (1) a frontal-central cluster characterized by ∼2.5-3.0 Hz, relatively large, notched delta waves (so-called "sawtooth waves") that tended to occur in bursts, were associated with increased gamma activity and rapid eye movements (EMs), and upon source modeling displayed an occipital-temporal and a frontal-central component and (2) a medial-occipital cluster characterized by more isolated, slower (<2 Hz), and smaller waves that were not associated with rapid EMs, displayed a negative correlation with gamma activity, and were also found in NREM sleep. Therefore, delta waves are an integral part of REM sleep in humans and the two identified subtypes (sawtooth and medial-occipital slow waves) may reflect distinct generation mechanisms and functional roles. Sawtooth waves, which are exclusive to REM sleep, share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves described in animals and may represent the human equivalent or a closely related event, whereas medial-occipital slow waves appear similar to NREM sleep slow waves.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The EEG slow wave is typically considered a hallmark of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but recent work in mice has shown that it can also occur in REM sleep. By analyzing high-density EEG recordings collected in healthy adult individuals, we show that REM sleep is characterized by prominent delta waves also in humans. In particular, we identified two distinctive clusters of delta waves with different properties: a frontal-central cluster characterized by faster, activating "sawtooth waves" that share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital waves described in animals and a medial-occipital cluster containing slow waves that are more similar to NREM sleep slow waves. These findings indicate that REM sleep is a spatially and temporally heterogeneous state and may contribute to explaining its known functional and phenomenological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bernardi
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Monica Betta
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Emiliano Ricciardi
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies, IT-55100 Lucca, Italy, and
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Francesca Siclari
- Center for Investigation and Research on Sleep, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland,
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31
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Gorgoni M, Bartolacci C, D’Atri A, Scarpelli S, Marzano C, Moroni F, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. The Spatiotemporal Pattern of the Human Electroencephalogram at Sleep Onset After a Period of Prolonged Wakefulness. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:312. [PMID: 31001079 PMCID: PMC6456684 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the sleep onset (SO) process, the human electroencephalogram (EEG) is characterized by an orchestrated pattern of spatiotemporal changes. Sleep deprivation (SD) strongly affects both wake and sleep EEG, but a description of the topographical EEG power spectra and oscillatory activity during the wake-sleep transition after a period of prolonged wakefulness is still missing. The increased homeostatic sleep pressure should induce an earlier onset of sleep-related EEG oscillations. The aim of the present study was to assess the spatiotemporal EEG pattern at SO following SD. A dataset of a previous study was analyzed. We assessed the spatiotemporal EEG changes (19 cortical derivations) during the SO (5 min before vs. 5 min after the first epoch of Stage 2) of a recovery night after 40 h of SD in 39 healthy subjects, analyzing the EEG power spectra (fast Fourier transform) and the oscillatory activity [better oscillation (BOSC) detection method]. The spatiotemporal pattern of the EEG power spectra mostly confirmed the changes previously observed during the wake-sleep transition at baseline. The comparison between baseline and recovery showed a wide increase of the post- vs. pre-SO ratio during the recovery night in the frequency bins ≤10 Hz. We found a predominant alpha oscillatory rhythm in the pre-SO period, while after SO the theta oscillatory activity was prevalent. The oscillatory peaks showed a generalized increase in all frequency bands from delta to sigma with different predominance, while beta activity increased only in the fronto-central midline derivations. Overall, the analysis of the EEG power replicated the topographical pattern observed during a baseline night of sleep but with a stronger intensity of the SO-induced changes in the frequencies ≤10 Hz, and the detection of the rhythmic activity showed the rise of several oscillations at SO after SD that was not observed during the wake-sleep transition at baseline (e.g., alpha and frontal theta in correspondence of their frequency peaks). Beyond confirming the local nature of the EEG pattern at SO, our results show that SD has an impact on the spatiotemporal modulation of cortical activity during the falling-asleep process, inducing the earlier emergence of sleep-related EEG oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aurora D’Atri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Moroni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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33
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Hou F, Yu Z, Peng CK, Yang A, Wu C, Ma Y. Complexity of Wake Electroencephalography Correlates With Slow Wave Activity After Sleep Onset. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:809. [PMID: 30483046 PMCID: PMC6243118 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep electroencephalography (EEG) provides an opportunity to study sleep scientifically, whose chaotic, dynamic, complex, and dissipative nature implies that non-linear approaches could uncover some mechanism of sleep. Based on well-established complexity theories, one hypothesis in sleep medicine is that lower complexity of brain waves at pre-sleep state can facilitate sleep initiation and further improve sleep quality. However, this has never been studied with solid data. In this study, EEG collected from healthy subjects was used to investigate the association between pre-sleep EEG complexity and sleep quality. Multiscale entropy analysis (MSE) was applied to pre-sleep EEG signals recorded immediately after light-off (while subjects were awake) for measuring the complexities of brain dynamics by a proposed index, CI1−30. Slow wave activity (SWA) in sleep, which is commonly used as an indicator of sleep depth or sleep intensity, was quantified based on two methods, traditional Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). The associations between wake EEG complexity, sleep latency, and SWA in sleep were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that lower complexity before sleep onset is associated with decreased sleep latency, indicating a potential facilitating role of reduced pre-sleep complexity in the wake-sleep transition. In addition, the proposed EEMD-based method revealed an association between wake complexity and quantified SWA in the beginning of sleep (90 min after sleep onset). Complexity metric could thus be considered as a potential indicator for sleep interventions, and further studies are encouraged to examine the application of EEG complexity before sleep onset in populations with difficulty in sleep initiation. Further studies may also examine the mechanisms of the causal relationships between pre-sleep brain complexity and SWA, or conduct comparisons between normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhinan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chung-Kang Peng
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albert Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chunyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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34
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How do children fall asleep? A high-density EEG study of slow waves in the transition from wake to sleep. Neuroimage 2018; 178:23-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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