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Miguez PA, Bash E, Musskopf ML, Tuin SA, Rivera-Concepcion A, Chapple ILC, Liu J. Control of tissue homeostasis by the extracellular matrix: Synthetic heparan sulfate as a promising therapeutic for periodontal health and bone regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:510-531. [PMID: 37614159 PMCID: PMC10891305 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are core proteins associated with carbohydrate/sugar moieties that are highly variable in disaccharide composition, which dictates their function. These carbohydrates are named glycosaminoglycans, and they can be attached to proteoglycans or found free in tissues or on cell surfaces. Glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparin/heparan sulfate have multiple functions including involvement in inflammation, immunity and connective tissue structure, and integrity. Heparan sulfate is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that is abundant in the periodontium including alveolar bone. Recent evidence supports the contention that heparan sulfate is an important player in modulating interactions between damage associated molecular patterns and inflammatory receptors expressed by various cell types. The structure of heparan sulfate is reported to dictate its function, thus, the utilization of a homogenous and structurally defined heparan sulfate polysaccharide for modulation of cell function offers therapeutic potential. Recently, a chemoenzymatic approach was developed to allow production of many structurally defined heparan sulfate carbohydrates. These oligosaccharides have been studied in various pathological inflammatory conditions to better understand their function and their potential application in promoting tissue homeostasis. We have observed that specific size and sulfation patterns can modulate inflammation and promote tissue maintenance including an anabolic effect in alveolar bone. Thus, new evidence provides a strong impetus to explore heparan sulfate as a potential novel therapeutic agent to treat periodontitis, support alveolar bone maintenance, and promote bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- PA Miguez
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E Bash
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - ML Musskopf
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - SA Tuin
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Rivera-Concepcion
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - ILC Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham’s NIHR BRC in Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham UK Iain Chapple
| | - J Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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2
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Zappia J, Tong Q, Van der Cruyssen R, Cornelis FMF, Lambert C, Pinto Coelho T, Grisart J, Kague E, Lories RJ, Muller M, Elewaut D, Hammond CL, Sanchez C, Henrotin Y. Osteomodulin downregulation is associated with osteoarthritis development. Bone Res 2023; 11:49. [PMID: 37730805 PMCID: PMC10511717 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling leading to sclerosis is a main feature of osteoarthritis (OA), and osteomodulin (OMD), a proteoglycan involved in extracellular matrix mineralization, is associated with the sclerotic phenotype. However, the functions of OMD remain poorly understood, specifically in vivo. We used Omd knockout and overexpressing male mice and mutant zebrafish to study its roles in bone and cartilage metabolism and in the development of OA. The expression of Omd is deeply correlated with bone and cartilage microarchitectures affecting the bone volume and the onset of subchondral bone sclerosis and spontaneous cartilage lesions. Mechanistically, OMD binds to RANKL and inhibits osteoclastogenesis, thus controlling the balance of bone remodeling. In conclusion, OMD is a key factor in subchondral bone sclerosis associated with OA. It participates in bone and cartilage homeostasis by acting on the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Targeting OMD may be a promising new and personalized approach for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Qiao Tong
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Renée Van der Cruyssen
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederique M F Cornelis
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cécile Lambert
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tiago Pinto Coelho
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Division of Nephrology, CHU of Liège, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rik J Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratoire d'Organogenèse et Régénération, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Artialis SA, Tour GIGA, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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Nashiry MA, Sumi SS, Alyami SA, Moni MA. Systems biology approach discovers comorbidity interaction of Parkinson's disease with psychiatric disorders utilizing brain transcriptome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1232805. [PMID: 37654790 PMCID: PMC10466791 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1232805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies found that most patients with Parkinson's disorder (PD) appear to have psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hallucination, delusion, and cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, recognizing these psychiatrically symptoms of PD patients is crucial for both symptomatic therapy and better knowledge of the pathophysiology of PD. In order to address this issue, we created a bioinformatics framework to determine the effects of PD mRNA expression on understanding its relationship with psychiatric symptoms in PD patients. We have discovered a significant overlap between the sets of differentially expressed genes from PD exposed tissue and psychiatric disordered tissues using RNA-seq datasets. We have chosen Bipolar disorder and Schizophrenia as psychiatric disorders in our study. A number of significant correlations between PD and the occurrence of psychiatric diseases were also found by gene set enrichment analysis, investigations of the protein-protein interaction network, gene regulatory network, and protein-chemical agent interaction network. We anticipate that the results of this pathogenetic study will provide crucial information for understanding the intricate relationship between PD and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asif Nashiry
- Data Analytics, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shauli Sarmin Sumi
- Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Salem A. Alyami
- Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Stuart University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
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Berdiaki A, Giatagana EM, Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D. The Landscape of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Impact on Cancer Pathogenesis with a Focus on Biglycan and Lumican. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3549. [PMID: 37509212 PMCID: PMC10377491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multifactorial procedure that involves changes in the cell microenvironment and specific modulations in cell functions. A tumor microenvironment contains tumor cells, non-malignant cells, blood vessels, cells of the immune system, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of nineteen proteoglycans, which are ubiquitously expressed among mammalian tissues and especially abundant in the ECM. SLRPs are divided into five canonical classes (classes I-III, containing fourteen members) and non-canonical classes (classes IV-V, including five members) based on their amino-acid structural sequence, chromosomal organization, and functional properties. Variations in both the protein core structure and glycosylation status lead to SLRP-specific interactions with cell membrane receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and structural ECM molecules. SLRPs have been implicated in the regulation of cancer growth, motility, and invasion, as well as in cancer-associated inflammation and autophagy, highlighting their crucial role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Except for the class I SLRP decorin, to which an anti-tumorigenic role has been attributed, other SLPRs' roles have not been fully clarified. This review will focus on the functions of the class I and II SLRP members biglycan and lumican, which are correlated to various aspects of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Fließer E, Lins T, Berg JL, Kolb M, Kwapiszewska G. The endothelium in lung fibrosis: a core signaling hub in disease pathogenesis? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C2-C16. [PMID: 37184232 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00097.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive chronic lung disease characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and structural destruction, associated with a severe 5-year mortality rate. The onset of the disease is thought to be triggered by chronic damage to the alveolar epithelium. Since the pulmonary endothelium is an important component of the alveolar-capillary niche, it is also affected by the initial injury. In addition to ensuring proper gas exchange, the endothelium has critical functional properties, including regulation of vascular tone, inflammatory responses, coagulation, and maintenance of vascular homeostasis and integrity. Recent single-cell analyses have shown that shifts in endothelial cell (EC) subtypes occur in PF. Furthermore, the increased vascular remodeling associated with PF leads to deteriorated outcomes for patients, underscoring the importance of the vascular bed in PF. To date, the causes and consequences of endothelial and vascular involvement in lung fibrosis are poorly understood. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the involvement of EC and the vascular system in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we will outline the current knowledge on the role of the pulmonary vasculature in PF, in terms of abnormal cellular interactions, hyperinflammation, vascular barrier disorders, and an altered basement membrane composition. Finally, we will summarize recent advances in extensive therapeutic research and discuss the significant value of novel therapies targeting the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fließer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Lins
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Lorenz Berg
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
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Gesteira TF, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Small leucine rich proteoglycans: Biology, function and their therapeutic potential in the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:521-536. [PMID: 37355022 PMCID: PMC11092928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family of proteoglycans, with 18 members that are subdivided into five classes. SLRPs are small in size and can be present in tissues as glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins, and the most studied SLRPs include decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan and fibromodulin. SLRPs specifically bind to collagen fibrils, regulating collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of tissues, and are expressed at particularly high levels in fibrous tissues, such as the cornea. However, SLRPs are also very active components of the ECM, interacting with numerous growth factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Therefore, SLRPs regulate major cellular processes and have a central role in major fundamental biological processes, such as maintaining corneal homeostasis and transparency and regulating corneal wound healing. Over the years, mutations and/or altered expression of SLRPs have been associated with various corneal diseases, such as congenital stromal corneal dystrophy and cornea plana. Recently, there has been great interest in harnessing the various functions of SLRPs for therapeutic purposes. In this comprehensive review, we describe the structural features and the related functions of SLRPs, and how these affect the therapeutic potential of SLRPs, with special emphasis on the use of SLRPs for treating ocular surface pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Synergistic effect of sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate on the bone-bonding strength of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1443. [PMID: 36697480 PMCID: PMC9876887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonation and applications of amorphous calcium phosphate are known to make polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bioactive. Sulfonation followed by precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (AN-treatment) may provide PEEK with further bone-bonding strength. Herein, we prepared a carbon-fiber-reinforced PEEK (CPEEK) with similar tensile strength to cortical bone and a CPEEK subjected to AN-treatment (CPEEK-AN). The effect of AN-treatment on the bone-bonding strength generated at the interface between the rabbit's tibia and a base material was investigated using a detaching test at two time-points (4 and 8 weeks). At 4 weeks, the strength of CPEEK-AN was significantly higher than that of CPEEK due to the direct bonding between the interfaces. Between 4 and 8 weeks, the different bone forming processes showed that, with CPEEK-AN, bone consolidation was achieved, thus improving bone-bonding strength. In contrast, with CPEEK, a new bone was absorbed mainly on the interface, leading to poor strength. These observations were supported by an in vitro study, which showed that pre-osteoblast on CPEEK-AN caused earlier maturation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix than on CPEEK. Consequently, AN-treatment, comprising a combination of two efficient treatments, generated a synergetic effect on the bonding strength of CPEEK.
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Fang Z, Cheng G, He M, Lin Y. CYP27A1 deficiency promoted osteoclast differentiation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15041. [PMID: 36890868 PMCID: PMC9987298 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The elevating osteoclast differentiation can lead to an imbalance in bone homeostasis, which was responsible for bone loss and bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Multiple pathways and molecules have been involved in osteoclast formation, but the role of CYP27A1 in osteoclast differentiation has never been explored. Methods CYP27A1 deficient mice were constructed using CRISPR-Cas9 system. Osteoclast differentiation was detected by TRAP staining. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA-seq analysis and were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results The results showed that CYP27A1 knockout (KO) promoted osteoclast differentiation and bone loss. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that CYP27A1 KO led to differential expression of multiple genes, including ELANE, LY6C2, S100A9, GM20708, BGN, SPARC, and COL1A2, which were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Enrichment analysis indicated that these differential genes were significantly associated with osteogenesis-related pathways, such as PPAR signaling, IL-17 signaling, and PI3K/AKT signaling, which were confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Conclusions These results suggested that CYP27A1 was involved in osteoclast differentiation, providing a novel therapeutic target for osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangdong Cheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengting He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanliang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Liu Y, Qin ZQ, Zheng Y, Wu J, Yang G, Tan Q, Zhu G, Liu K, Mei H. New insights into pathogenesis of congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia in children using periosteum proteomics analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9374. [PMID: 35933588 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The exact etiology and pathogenesis of congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia (CPT) are not clear. Quantitative proteomics analysis plays a vital role in disease pathology research. Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics techniques were employed to identify and analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEP) in the tibia periosteum tissues of CPT patients. METHODS The samples were divided into three groups: CPT with NF1 group, CPT without NF1 group (non-NF1-CPT), and control group (patients with open tibial fracture). A fold change ≥1.5 or ≤0.66 and P-value <0.05 were used as the thresholds to screen DEPs. Subsequently, bioinformatics resources such as online tools DAVID and String were used to generate gene ontology (GO) annotation, KEGG pathways enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for these DEPs. RESULTS The results show that a total of 347 proteins were differentially expressed in NF1-CPT groups, 212 of which were upregulated and 135 were downregulated. There were more DEPs in non-NF1-CPT groups; we identified 467 DEPs, including 281 upregulated and 186 downregulated. Among them, NF1-CPT groups and non-NF1-CPT groups shared 231 DEPs, and the remaining 230 DEPs showed the same expression trend in the two disease groups, with 117 upregulated and 113 downregulated. In particular, 116 proteins were altered only in NF1-CPT groups (94 were upregulated and 22 were downregulated), whereas 236 proteins were altered only in non-NF1-CPT groups (164 were upregulated and 72 were downregulated). Finally, compared with non-NF1-CPT groups, 47 proteins changed 1.5-fold and P-value < 0.05 in NF1-CPT groups. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, we found that common DEPS in periosteum of NF1-CPT and non-NF1-CPT groups are mainly involved in cell matrix assembly, cell adhesion, AKT-PI3K signal pathway activation, and vascular agglutination, which indicate that these are the pathological characteristics of CPT. The osteogenic ability is weak, the osteoclastic ability is strong, the vascular lumen is narrow, the invasive growth and the proliferation of fibroblasts are enhanced in CPT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxi Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
| | - Zhen Qi Qin
- Medical School, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
| | - Jiangyan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
| | - Haibo Mei
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, The School of Pediatrics, Heng Yang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410007, China
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Investigation of Transcriptome Patterns in Endometrial Cancers from Obese and Lean Women. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911471. [PMID: 36232772 PMCID: PMC9569830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy in developed countries. One of the largest risk factors for endometrial cancer is obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the transcriptome of endometrial cancers from obese vs. lean women. Here we investigate the transcriptome of endometrial cancer between obese and lean postmenopausal women using rRNA-depleted RNA-Seq data from endometrial cancer tissues and matched adjacent non-cancerous endometrial tissues. Differential expression analysis identified 12,484 genes (6370 up-regulated and 6114 down-regulated) in endometrial cancer tissues from obese women, and 6219 genes (3196 up-regulated and 3023 down-regulated) in endometrial cancer tissues from lean women (adjusted p-value < 0.1). A gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the top 1000 up-regulated genes (by adjusted p-value) were enriched for growth and proliferation pathways while the top 1000 down-regulated genes were enriched for cytoskeleton restructure networks in both obese and lean endometrial cancer tissues. In this study, we also show perturbations in the expression of protein coding genes (HIST1H2BL, HIST1H3F, HIST1H2BH, HIST1H1B, TTK, PTCHD1, ASPN, PRELP, and CDH13) and the lncRNA MBNL1-AS1 in endometrial cancer tissues. Overall, this study has identified gene expression changes that are similar and also unique to endometrial cancers from obese vs. lean women. Furthermore, some of these genes may serve as prognostic biomarkers or, possibly, therapeutic targets for endometrial cancer.
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Regulation of biomineralization by proteoglycans: From mechanisms to application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Xu X, Ha P, Yen E, Li C, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Tendon Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:202-214. [PMID: 34978952 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Tendon injury possesses a high morbidity rate and is difficult to achieve a satisfying prognosis with currently available treatment strategies. Current approaches used for tendon healing always lead to the formation of fibrovascular scar tissue, which significantly compromises the biomechanics of the healed tendon. Moreover, the related functional deficiency deteriorates over time with an increased injury recurrence risk. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) link and interact with collagen fibrils to regulate tendon structure and biomechanics, which can provide a new and promising method in the field of tendon injury management. Recent Advances: The effect of SLRPs on tendon development has been extensively investigated. SLRP deficiency impairs tendon collagen fibril structure and biomechanic properties, while administration of SLRPs generally benefits tendon wound healing and regains better mechanical properties. Critical Issues: Current knowledge on the role of SLRPs in tendon development and regeneration mostly comes from uninjured knockout mice, and mainly focuses on the morphology description of collagen fibril profile and mechanical properties. Little is known about the regulatory mechanism on the molecular level. Future Directions: This article reviews the current knowledge in this highly translational topic and provides an evidence-based conclusion, thereby encouraging in-depth investigations of SLRPs in tendons and the development of SLRP-based treatments for desired tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Traumatic Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily Yen
- Arcadia High School, Arcadia, California, USA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Integration of a miniaturized DMMB assay with high-throughput screening for identifying regulators of proteoglycan metabolism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1083. [PMID: 35058478 PMCID: PMC8776954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective biosynthesis or function of proteoglycans causes pathological conditions in a variety of tissue systems. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive cartilage destruction caused by imbalanced proteoglycan synthesis and degradation. Identifying agents that regulate proteoglycan metabolism may benefit the development of OA-modifying therapeutics. High-throughput screening (HTS) of chemical libraries has paved the way for achieving this goal. However, the implementation and adaptation of HTS assays based on proteoglycan measurement remain underexploited. Using primary porcine chondrocytes as a model, we report a miniaturized dimethyl-methylene blue (DMMB) assay, which is commonly used to quantitatively evaluate sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, with an optimized detection range and reproducibility and its integration with HTS. Treatment with TGF-β1 and IL1-α, known as positive and negative proteoglycan regulators, respectively, supported the assay specificity. A pre-test of chemical screening of 960 compounds identified both stimulators (4.48%) and inhibitors (6.04%) of GAG production. Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis validated the activity of selected hits on chondroitin sulfate expression in an alginate culture system. Our findings support the implementation of this simple colorimetric assay in HTS to discover modifiers of OA or other diseases related to dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism.
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14
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Kwon HR, Kim JH, Woods JP, Olson LE. Skeletal stem cell fate defects caused by Pdgfrb activating mutation. Development 2021; 148:272709. [PMID: 34738614 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant PDGFRβ gain-of-function mutations in mice and humans cause a spectrum of wasting and overgrowth disorders afflicting the skeleton and other connective tissues, but the cellular origin of these disorders remains unknown. We demonstrate that skeletal stem cells (SSCs) isolated from mice with a gain-of-function D849V point mutation in PDGFRβ exhibit colony formation defects that parallel the wasting or overgrowth phenotypes of the mice. Single-cell RNA transcriptomics with SSC-derived polyclonal colonies demonstrates alterations in osteogenic and chondrogenic precursors caused by PDGFRβD849V. Mutant cells undergo poor osteogenesis in vitro with increased expression of Sox9 and other chondrogenic markers. Mice with PDGFRβD849V exhibit osteopenia. Increased STAT5 phosphorylation and overexpression of Igf1 and Socs2 in PDGFRβD849V cells suggests that overgrowth in mice involves PDGFRβD849V activating the STAT5-IGF1 axis locally in the skeleton. Our study establishes that PDGFRβD849V causes osteopenic skeletal phenotypes that are associated with intrinsic changes in SSCs, promoting chondrogenesis over osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Ryong Kwon
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jang H Kim
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - John P Woods
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Lorin E Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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15
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Disease-specific glycosaminoglycan patterns in the extracellular matrix of human lung and brain. Carbohydr Res 2021; 511:108480. [PMID: 34837849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of diseases throughout the mammalian organism is characterized by abnormal deposition of various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including the heterogeneous family of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which contribute considerably to the ECM architecture as part of the so-called proteoglycans. The GAG's unique sulfation pattern, derived from highly dynamic and specific modification processes, has a massive impact on critical mediators such as cytokines and growth factors. Due to the strong connection between the specific sulfation pattern and GAG function, slight alterations of this pattern are often associated with enormous changes at the cell as well as at the organ level. This review aims to investigate the connection between modifications of GAG sulfation patterns and the wide range of pathological conditions, mainly focusing on a range of chronic diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the respiratory tract.
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16
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Zhu J, Yang G. H 2S signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling in cardiovascular diseases: A tale of tense relationship. Nitric Oxide 2021; 116:14-26. [PMID: 34428564 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network that not only provides mechanical support but also transduces essential molecular signals in organ functions. ECM is constantly remodeled to control tissue homeostasis, responsible for cell adhesion, cell migration, cell-to-cell communication, and cell differentiation, etc. The dysregulation of ECM components contributes to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, fibrosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Aberrant ECM remodeling is initiated by various stress, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, ischemia, and mechanical stress, etc. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that exhibits a wide variety of cytoprotective and physiological functions through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Amounting research shows that H2S can attenuate aberrant ECM remodeling. In this review, we discussed the implications and mechanisms of H2S in the regulation of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular diseases, and highlighted the potential of H2S in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases through attenuating adverse ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Zhu
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
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17
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Giatagana EM, Berdiaki A, Tsatsakis A, Tzanakakis GN, Nikitovic D. Lumican in Carcinogenesis-Revisited. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091319. [PMID: 34572532 PMCID: PMC8466546 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process with the input and interactions of environmental, genetic, and metabolic factors. During cancer development, a significant remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is evident. Proteoglycans (PGs), such as lumican, are glycosylated proteins that participate in the formation of the ECM and are established biological mediators. Notably, lumican is involved in cellular processes associated with tumorigeneses, such as EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. Furthermore, lumican is expressed in various cancer tissues and is reported to have a positive or negative correlation with tumor progression. This review focuses on significant advances achieved regardingthe role of lumican in the tumor biology. Here, the effects of lumican on cancer cell growth, invasion, motility, and metastasis are discussed, as well as the repercussions on autophagy and apoptosis. Finally, in light of the available data, novel roles for lumican as a cancer prognosis marker, chemoresistance regulator, and cancer therapy target are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - George N. Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Department of Morphology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (E.-M.G.); (A.B.); (G.N.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-281-039-4557
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18
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Hua R, Jiang JX. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans in physiological and biomechanical function of bone. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100063. [PMID: 34435181 PMCID: PMC8377002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play vital roles in key signaling pathways to regulate bone homeostasis. The highly negatively charged GAGs are crucial in retaining bound water and modulating mechanical properties of bone. Age-related changes of PGs, GAGs, and bound water contribute to deterioration of bone quality during aging.
Proteoglycans (PGs) contain long unbranched glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to core proteins. In the bone extracellular matrix, PGs represent a class of non-collagenous proteins, and have high affinity to minerals and collagen. Considering the highly negatively charged character of GAGs and their interfibrillar positioning interconnecting with collagen fibrils, PGs and GAGs play pivotal roles in maintaining hydrostatic and osmotic pressure in the matrix. In this review, we will discuss the role of PGs, especially the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, in regulating the bioactivity of multiple cytokines and growth factors, and the bone turnover process. In addition, we focus on the coupling effects of PGs and GAGs in the hydration status of bone extracellular matrix, thus modulating bone biomechanical properties under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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19
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Deng X, Li Y, Guo C, Zhao Z, Yuan G. Novel roles of Tsukushi in signaling pathways and multiple disease processes. Biofactors 2021; 47:512-521. [PMID: 33759220 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tsukushi (TSK), a newly identified hepatokine, is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) family. TSK was originally isolated and identified in the lens of the chicken. Preliminary research on TSK has focused on its role in various physiological processes such as growth and development, wound healing, and cartilage formation. In recent years, the role of TSK in regulating cell signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and differentiation has been studied. In addition, the research has gradually expanded to the fields of glycolipid metabolism and energy balance. This article briefly reviews the role of TSK in the physiological and pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Appunni S, Rubens M, Ramamoorthy V, Anand V, Khandelwal M, Sharma A. Biglycan: an emerging small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) marker and its clinicopathological significance. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3935-3950. [PMID: 34181183 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the structural organization of tissue and delivery of external cues to the cell. Biglycan, a class I small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP), is a key component of the ECM that participates in scaffolding the collagen fibrils and mediates cell signaling. Dysregulation of biglycan expression can result in wide range of clinical conditions such as metabolic disorder, inflammatory disorder, musculoskeletal defects and malignancies. In this review, we aim to update our current understanding regarding the link between altered expression of biglycan and different clinicopathological states. Biglycan interacts with toll like receptors (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 on the immune cells which initiates inflammation and aggravates inflammatory disorders. ECM unbound soluble biglycan acts as a DAMP (danger associated molecular pattern) resulting in sterile inflammation. Dysregulation of biglycan expression is also observed in inflammatory metabolic conditions such as atherosclerosis and obesity. In cancer, high-biglycan expression facilitates tumor growth, invasion and metastasis which is associated with poor clinical outcome. As a pivotal structural component of the ECM, biglycan strengthens the musculoskeletal system and its absence is associated with musculoskeletal defects. Thus, SLRP biglycan is a potential marker which is significantly altered in different clinicopathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Appunni
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
- Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | | | | | | | - Madhuram Khandelwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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21
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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22
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Influence of microcurrent on the modulation of remodelling genes in a wound healing assay. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1233-1241. [PMID: 33475929 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The literature has shown the beneficial effects of microcurrent (MC) therapy on tissue repair. We investigated if the application of MC at 10 μA/90 s could modulate the expression of remodeling genes transforming growth factor beta (Tgfb), connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1), tenascin C (Tnc), Fibronectin (Fn1), Scleraxis (Scx), Fibromodulin (Fmod) and tenomodulin in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in a wound healing assay. The cell migration was analyzed between days 0 and 4 in both fibroblasts (F) and fibroblasts + MC (F+MC) groups. On the 4th day, cell viability and gene expression were also analyzed after daily MC application. Higher expression of Ctgf and lower expression of Tnc and Fmod, respectively, were observed in the F+MC group in relation to F group (p < 0.05), and no difference was observed between the groups for the genes Tgfb, Fn1 and Scx. In cell migration, a higher number of cells in the scratch region was observed in group F+MC (p < 0.05) compared to group F on the 4th day, and the cell viability assay showed no difference between the groups. In conclusion, MC therapy at an intensity/time of 10 μA/90 s with 4 daily applications did not affect cell viability, stimulated fibroblasts migration with the involvement of Ctgf, and reduced the Tnc and Fmod expression.
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23
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Zeng-Brouwers J, Pandey S, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Communications via the Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycans: Molecular Specificity in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:887-906. [PMID: 32623933 PMCID: PMC7708667 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420930303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a highly regulated biological response of the immune system that is triggered by assaulting pathogens or endogenous alarmins. It is now well established that some soluble extracellular matrix constituents, such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), can act as danger signals and trigger aseptic inflammation by interacting with innate immune receptors. SLRP inflammatory signaling cascade goes far beyond its canonical function. By choosing specific innate immune receptors, coreceptors, and adaptor molecules, SLRPs promote a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby determining disease resolution or chronification. Moreover, by orchestrating signaling through various receptors, SLRPs fine-tune inflammation and, despite their structural homology, regulate inflammatory processes in a molecule-specific manner. Hence, the overarching theme of this review is to highlight the molecular and functional specificity of biglycan-, decorin-, lumican-, and fibromodulin-mediated signaling in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sony Pandey
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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24
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Hua R, Ni Q, Eliason TD, Han Y, Gu S, Nicolella DP, Wang X, Jiang JX. Biglycan and chondroitin sulfate play pivotal roles in bone toughness via retaining bound water in bone mineral matrix. Matrix Biol 2020; 94:95-109. [PMID: 33002580 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent in vitro evidence shows that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) in bone matrix may functionally be involved in the tissue-level toughness of bone. In this study, we showed the effect of biglycan (Bgn), a small leucine-rich proteoglycan enriched in extracellular matrix of bone and the associated GAG subtype, chondroitin sulfate (CS), on the toughness of bone in vivo, using wild-type (WT) and Bgn deficient mice. The amount of total GAGs and CS in the mineralized compartment of Bgn KO mouse bone matrix decreased significantly, associated with the reduction of the toughness of bone, in comparison with those of WT mice. However, such differences between WT and Bgn KO mice diminished once the bound water was removed from bone matrix. In addition, CS was identified as the major subtype in bone matrix. We then supplemented CS to both WT and Bgn KO mice to test whether supplemental GAGs could improve the tissue-level toughness of bone. After intradermal administration of CS, the toughness of WT bone was greatly improved, with the GAGs and bound water amount in the bone matrix increased, while such improvement was not observed in Bgn KO mice or with supplementation of dermatan sulfate (DS). Moreover, CS supplemented WT mice exhibited higher bone mineral density and reduced osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, Bgn KO bone did not show such differences irrespective of the intradermal administration of CS. In summary, the results of this study suggest that Bgn and CS in bone matrix play a pivotal role in imparting the toughness to bone most likely via retaining bound water in bone matrix. Moreover, supplementation of CS improves the toughness of bone in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Qingwen Ni
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, USA
| | - Travis D Eliason
- Department of Materials Engineering, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yan Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sumin Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel P Nicolella
- Department of Materials Engineering, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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25
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Kram V, Jani P, Kilts TM, Li L, Chu EY, Young MF. OPG-Fc treatment partially rescues low bone mass phenotype in mature Bgn/Fmod deficient mice but is deleterious to the young mouse skeleton. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107627. [PMID: 32950603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biglycan (Bgn) and Fibromodulin (Fmod) are small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) which are abundant in the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of mineralized tissues. We have previously generated a Bgn/Fmod double knock-out (DKO) mouse model and found it has a 3-fold increase in osteoclastogenesis compared with Wild type (WT) controls, resulting in a markedly low bone mass (LBM) phenotype. To try and rescue/repair the LBM phenotype of Bgn/Fmod DKO mice by suppressing osteoclast formation and activity, 3- and 26-week-old Bgn/Fmod DKO mice and age/gender matched WT controls were treated with OPG-Fc for 6 weeks after which bone parameters were evaluated using DEXA, micro-computed tomography (μCT) and serum biomarkers analyses. In the appendicular skeleton, OPG-Fc treatment improved some morphometric and geometric parameters in both the trabecular and cortical compartments in Bgn/Fmod DKO female and male mice, especially in the repair module. For many of the skeletal parameters analyzed, the Bgn/Fmod DKO mice were more responsive to the treatment than their WT controls. In addition, we found that OPG-Fc treatment was not able to prevent or ameliorate the formation of ectopic ossification, which are common lesions seen in aged joints and are one of the phenotypical hallmarks of our Bgn/Fmod DKO model. Analysis of skull bones, specifically the occipital bone, showed the treatment recovered some parameters of LBM phenotype in the craniofacial skeleton, more so in the younger rescue module. Using OPG-Fc as treatment alleviated, yet did not completely restore, the severe osteopenia and mineralized tissue structural abnormalities that Bgn/Fmod DKO mice suffer from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardit Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Priyam Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Tina M Kilts
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Li Li
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Marian F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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26
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Pham HT, Kram V, Dar QA, Komori T, Ji Y, Mohassel P, Rooney J, Li L, Kilts TM, Bonnemann C, Lamande S, Young MF. Collagen VIα2 chain deficiency causes trabecular bone loss by potentially promoting osteoclast differentiation through enhanced TNFα signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13749. [PMID: 32792616 PMCID: PMC7426410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type VI collagen is well known for its role in muscular disorders, however its function in bone is still not well understood. To examine its role in bone we analyzed femoral and vertebral bone mass by micro-computed tomography analysis, which showed lower bone volume/total volume and trabecular number in Col6α2-KO mice compared with WT. Dynamic histomorphometry showed no differences in trabecular bone formation between WT and Col6α2-KO mice based on the mineral appositional rate, bone formation rate, and mineralizing perimeter. Femoral sections were assessed for the abundance of Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase-positive osteoclasts, which revealed that mutant mice had more osteoclasts compared with WT mice, indicating that the primary effect of Col6a2 deficiency is on osteoclastogenesis. When bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from WT and Col6α2-KO mice were treated with rmTNFα protein, the Col6α2-KO cells expressed higher levels of TNFα mRNA compared with WT cells. This was accompanied by higher levels of p-p65, a down-stream target of TNFα, suggesting that BMSCs from Col6α2-KO mice are highly sensitive to TNFα signaling. Taken together, our data imply that Col6a2 deficiency causes trabecular bone loss by enhancing osteoclast differentiation through enhanced TNFα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai T Pham
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vardit Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qurratul-Ain Dar
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Taishi Komori
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Youngmi Ji
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stoke, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jachinta Rooney
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stoke, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Li
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tina M Kilts
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carsten Bonnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenic Disorders of Childhood Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stoke, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shireen Lamande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marian F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 30 Room 5A509, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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27
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Kram V, Shainer R, Jani P, Meester JAN, Loeys B, Young MF. Biglycan in the Skeleton. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:747-762. [PMID: 32623936 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420937371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including Biglycan, have key roles in many organ and tissue systems. The goal of this article is to review the function of Biglycan and other related SLRPs in mineralizing tissues of the skeleton. The review is divided into sections that include Biglycan's role in structural biology, signaling, craniofacial and long bone homeostasis, remodeled skeletal tissues, and in human genetics. While many cell types in the skeleton are now known to be affected by Biglycan, there are still unanswered questions about its mechanism of action(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardit Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Reut Shainer
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Priyam Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josephina A N Meester
- Laboratory of Cardiogenetics, Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Loeys
- Laboratory of Cardiogenetics, Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marian F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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28
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Li S, He T, Wu D, Zhang L, Chen R, Liu B, Yuan J, Tickner J, Qin A, Xu J, Rong L. Conditional Knockout of PKC-δ in Osteoclasts Favors Bone Mass Accrual in Males Due to Decreased Osteoclast Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:450. [PMID: 32582715 PMCID: PMC7295979 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C delta (PKC-δ) functions as an important regulator in bone metabolism. However, the precise involvement of PKC-δ in the regulation of osteoclasts remains elusive. We generated an osteoclast specific PKC-δ knockout mouse strain to investigate the function of PKC-δ in osteoclast biology. Bone phenotype was investigated using microcomputed tomography. Osteoclast and osteoblast parameters were assessed using bone histomorphometry, and analysis of osteoclast formation and function with osteoclastogensis and hydroxyapatite resorption assays. The molecular mechanisms by which PKC-δ regulated osteoclast function were dissected by Western Blotting, TUNEL assay, transfection and transcriptome sequencing. We found that ablation of PKC-δ in osteoclasts resulted in an increase in trabecular and cortical bone volume in male mice, however, the bone mass phenotype was not observed in female mice. This was accompanied by decreased osteoclast number and surface, and Cathepsin-K protein levels in vivo, as well as decreased osteoclast formation and resorption in vitro in a male-specific manner. PKC-δ regulated androgen receptor transcription by binding to its promoter, moreover, PKC-δ conditional knockout did not increase osteoclast apoptosis but increased MAPK signaling and enhanced androgen receptor transcription and expression, finally leding to significant alterations in gene expression and signaling changes related to extracellular matrix proteins specifically in male mice. In conclusion, PKC-δ plays an important role in osteoclast formation and function in a male-specific manner. Our work reveals a previously unknown target for treatment of gender-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfu Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianwei He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Depeng Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Lin X, Patil S, Gao YG, Qian A. The Bone Extracellular Matrix in Bone Formation and Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:757. [PMID: 32528290 PMCID: PMC7264100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration repairs bone tissue lost due to trauma, fractures, and tumors, or absent due to congenital disorders. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate dynamic bio-environment with precisely regulated mechanical and biochemical properties. In bone, ECMs are involved in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and responses to growth factors, differentiation, and ultimately, the functional characteristics of the mature bone. Bone ECM can induce the production of new bone by osteoblast-lineage cells, such as MSCs, osteoblasts, and osteocytes and the absorption of bone by osteoclasts. With the rapid development of bone regenerative medicine, the osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic potential of ECM-based scaffolds has attracted increasing attention. ECM-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering can be divided into two types, that is, ECM-modified biomaterial scaffold and decellularized ECM scaffold. Tissue engineering strategies that utilize the functional ECM are superior at guiding the formation of specific tissues at the implantation site. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of various types of bone ECMs in bone tissue and their regulation roles in the behaviors of osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclasts. We also summarize the application of bone ECM in bone repair and regeneration. A better understanding of the role of bone ECM in guiding cellular behavior and tissue function is essential for its future applications in bone repair and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Guang Gao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Pang X, Dong N, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Skin Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1649. [PMID: 32063855 PMCID: PMC6997777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds is a complex and well-coordinated process requiring cooperation among multiple cells from different lineages and delicately orchestrated signaling transduction of a diversity of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site. Most skin wound healing in adults is imperfect, characterized by scar formation which results in significant functional and psychological sequelae. Thus, the reconstruction of the damaged skin to its original state is of concern to doctors and scientists. Beyond the traditional treatments such as corticosteroid injection and radiation therapy, several growth factors or cytokines-based anti-scarring products are being or have been tested in clinical trials to optimize skin wound healing. Unfortunately, all have been unsatisfactory to date. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the ECM not only functions as the structural component of the tissue but also actively modulates signal transduction and regulates cellular behaviors, and thus, ECM should be considered as an alternative target for wound management pharmacotherapy. Of particular interest are small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), a group of the ECM, which exist in a wide range of connecting tissues, including the skin. This manuscript summarizes the most current knowledge of SLRPs regarding their spatial-temporal expression in the skin, as well as lessons learned from the genetically modified animal models simulating human skin pathologies. In this review, particular focus is given on the diverse roles of SLRP in skin wound healing, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, pro-migration, pro-contraction, and orchestrate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal transduction, since cumulative investigations have indicated their therapeutic potential on reducing scar formation in cutaneous wounds. By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the potential application of SLRPs in cutaneous wound healing management which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals to benefit the patients suffering from skin wounds and their sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nuo Dong
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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31
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Zappia J, Joiret M, Sanchez C, Lambert C, Geris L, Muller M, Henrotin Y. From Translation to Protein Degradation as Mechanisms for Regulating Biological Functions: A Review on the SLRP Family in Skeletal Tissues. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010080. [PMID: 31947880 PMCID: PMC7023458 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix can trigger cellular responses through its composition and structure. Major extracellular matrix components are the proteoglycans, which are composed of a core protein associated with glycosaminoglycans, among which the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family. This review highlights how the codon usage pattern can be used to modulate cellular response and discusses the biological impact of post-translational events on SLRPs, including the substitution of glycosaminoglycan moieties, glycosylation, and degradation. These modifications are listed, and their impacts on the biological activities and structural properties of SLRPs are described. We narrowed the topic to skeletal tissues undergoing dynamic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Zappia
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Marc Joiret
- Biomechanics Research Unit, B34 GIGA-R, In Silico Medicine, Liège University, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.J.); (L.G.)
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Cécile Lambert
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, B34 GIGA-R, In Silico Medicine, Liège University, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.J.); (L.G.)
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA-Research, Liège University, Avenue de l’Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
- Physical therapy and Rehabilitation department, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, B-6900 Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
- Artialis SA, GIGA Tower, Level 3, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-3665937
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32
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Abstract
Purpose: Biglycan is a proteoglycan of the small leucine-rich repeat family. It is present in all connective tissues and plays key structural and signaling roles. This review aimed to compile available evidence in the characteristics and distribution of biglycan and its glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms in connective tissues with a specific focus on the contribution to homeostasis of bone and changes of biglycan structure with aging.Methods: The Pubmed database was searched and included the terms "biglycan", "proteoglycans", "glycosaminoglycans", "bone", "osteoblast", "osteocyte", "osteoclast", "aging", "inflammation", "cartilage". Abstracts were appraised and a series of original articles and reviews studied to generate this narrative review.Results: Based on the search, biglycan significantly affects bone development and homeostasis and can be significantly changed by the aging process in several connective tissues, which in turn affects the behavior of tissue and cell responses in aged networks. Further, as the understanding of the various forms of biglycan in vivo is expanded and the function of its components in vitro is dissected, this proteoglycan can potentially serve as a therapeutic or biomarker molecule to detect tissue destruction.Conclusions: Biglycan is a key player in skeletal bone homeostasis, and overall, there is more evidence on the role of biglycan in development and less in the adult physiological or diseased young and aged systems. Further understanding of its conformation, degradation peptides and post-translational modifications will be required to understand the role of biglycan in bone maintenance and to support the development of treatments for age-related bone dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Miguez
- Adams School of Dentistry, Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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33
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Ren X, Zhou Q, Foulad D, Dewey MJ, Bischoff D, Miller TA, Yamaguchi DT, Harley BAC, Lee JC. Nanoparticulate mineralized collagen glycosaminoglycan materials directly and indirectly inhibit osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:823-834. [PMID: 30803152 DOI: 10.1002/term.2834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to direct cell fate has generated the potential for developing a materials-only strategy for tissue regeneration. Previously, we described a nanoparticulate mineralized collagen glycosaminoglycan (MC-GAG) material that efficiently induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and calvarial bone healing without exogenous growth factors or progenitor cell expansion. In this work, we evaluated the interactions between MC-GAG and primary human osteoclasts (hOCs). In the absence of hMSCs, mineralized Col-GAG materials directly inhibited hOC viability, proliferation, and resorption in contrast to nonmineralized Col-GAG, which demonstrated a modest inhibition of resorptive activity only. Cocultures containing differentiating hMSCs with hOCs demonstrated increased hOC-mediated resorption only on Col-GAG while MC-GAG cocultures continued to inhibit resorption. Unlike Col-GAG, hMSCs on MC-GAG expressed increased amounts of osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein, the major endogenous osteoclast inhibitor. Interestingly, OPG expression was found to be antagonized by small mothers against decapentaplegic1/5 (Smad1/5) phosphorylation, an obligate pathway for osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on MC-GAG, and potentiated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Collectively, these results suggested that the MC-GAG material both directly inhibited the osteoclast viability, proliferation, and resorptive activity as well as induced hMSCs to secrete osteoprotegerin, an antiosteoclastogenic factor, via a signalling pathway distinct from osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ren
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Qi Zhou
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Foulad
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marley J Dewey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - David Bischoff
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy A Miller
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dean T Yamaguchi
- Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Justine C Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Research Service, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, Los Angeles, California
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Yu X, Liu H, Liu S, Chen X, Zhao X, Du Y, Li S. Periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 gets involved in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:180-189. [PMID: 30298589 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 (PLAP-1) is an important regulator of osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells and plays important role in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues. But the role of PLAP-1 in periodontitis is poorly understood. Expressions of PLAP-1 in experimental periodontitis are observed to elucidate whether PLAP-1 gets involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 6/group): Ligation group and Control group. PLAP-1 expression in experimental periodontitis was assessed by immunohistochemistry and collagen fibers in periodontal ligament were observed using picrosirius red staining. Expressions of PLAP-1 and CD68 in periodontitis were colocalized by double-labelled immunofluorescence. To further examine the relationship between PLAP-1 and osteoclastogenesis in experimental periodontitis, acute periodontal inflammatory infiltration and alveolar bone destruction were induced by administering ligated rats with 10 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; ligation + TNF-α group, n = 6). Alveolar bone loss was observed by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), and osteoclasts were identified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining (TRAP). Expressions of PLAP-1 in TNF-α stimulated human periodontal ligament cells were also detected at 24 and 48 hours by western blotting. RESULTS PLAP-1 expression levels in periodontal ligament cells and collagen fibers were lower in the ligation group,compared with the control group. Similarly, TNF-α decreased PLAP-1 expression in human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. Degradation or destruction of collagen fibers accompanied the reduced PLAP-1 expression in the periodontal ligament in the ligation group. Colocalization of PLAP-1 and CD68 revealed the positive relationship between PLAP-1 and CD68+ infiltrating cells in periodontitis. More PLAP-1-positive inflammatory cells were found in the ligation + TNF-α group, compared with the ligation + saline group. CONCLUSION PLAP-1-positive inflammatory cells are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. An increase in PLAP-1-positive inflammatory cell number contributes periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijiao Yu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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