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Delgado-Carrillo O, Martén-Rodríguez S, Ramírez-Mejía D, Novais S, Quevedo A, Ghilardi A, Sayago R, Lopezaraiza-Mikel M, Pérez-Trujillo E, Quesada M. Pollination services to crops of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and green tomato (Physalis ixocarpa) in the coastal region of Jalisco, Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301402. [PMID: 39042665 PMCID: PMC11265665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bees play a pivotal role as pollinators in crops essential for human consumption. However, the global decline in bee populations poses a significant threat to pollination services and food security worldwide. The loss and degradation of habitats due to land use change are primary factors contributing to bee declines, particularly in tropical forests facing high deforestation rates. Here, we evaluate the pollination services provided to crops of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and green tomato (Physalis ixocarpa) in three municipalities in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, a place with Tropical Dry Forest, during years 2008, and 2014 to 2017. Both crops are cultivated in the dry season, approximately during the months of November to March. We describe the composition of the pollinator community and their visitation frequency (measured through the number of visits per flower per hour), and we assess the impact of pollinators on plant reproductive success and the level of pollinator dependence for each crop species (measured through the number of flowers that developed into fruits). We also evaluate how the landscape configuration (through the percentage of forest cover and distance to the forest) influences richness and abundance of pollinators (measured as number of species and individuals of pollinators per line of 50 m), and we use the model Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) to map and value the pollination service in both crops. InVEST Crop pollination model is a simulation focuses on wild pollinators providing the pollinator ecosystem service. Our findings indicate that Apis mellifera was the primary pollinator of both crops, one of the few abundant pollinators in the study region during the dry season. In experiments where pollinators were excluded from flowers, watermelon yielded no fruits, while green tomato experienced a 65% reduction in production. In the case of green tomato, fruit set showed a positive correlation with pollinator abundance. A positive association between forest cover and total pollinator abundance was observed in green tomato in 2008, but not in watermelon. Additionally, a positive relationship was observed between the abundance of bees predicted by the InVEST model and the abundance of bees observed in green tomato flowers in 2008. In the study region, green tomato and watermelon rely on pollinators for fruit production, with honeybees (from feral and managed colonies) acting as the primary provider of pollination services for these crops. Consequently, the conservation of natural areas is crucial to provide food and nesting resources for pollinators. By doing so, we can ensure the diversity and abundance of pollinators, which in turn will help secure food security. The findings of this study underscore the critical need for the conservation of natural areas to support pollinator populations. Policymakers should prioritize the protection and restoration of habitats, particularly tropical forests, which are essential for maintaining the diversity and abundance of pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliverio Delgado-Carrillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Silvana Martén-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Diana Ramírez-Mejía
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Environmental Geography Group, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Novais
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Alexander Quevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Adrian Ghilardi
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Roberto Sayago
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Facultad de Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Tecpán de Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Martha Lopezaraiza-Mikel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Facultad de Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Tecpán de Galeana, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Erika Pérez-Trujillo
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Bashir S, Ghosh P, Lal P. Dancing with danger-how honeybees are getting affected in the web of microplastics-a review. NANOIMPACT 2024; 35:100522. [PMID: 39019436 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have negatively impacted the ecosystem dramatically over the last few decades. The environment is becoming more contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, and microplastics (MPs) as a result of the swift rise in industrialization and urbanisation. These contaminants are present everywhere in the ecosystem, affecting every living creature, from aquatic to terrestrial to aerial. Recently, the widespread of microplastics in the environment has raised serious concerns about the contamination of honey bees by these tiny particles of plastic. Honeybees are the major pollinators which contributes in the pollination of about 70% food that we consume. This review summarizes current research findings on the presence, uptake, and possible effects of microplastics on honey bees. Findings revealed the presence of microplastics in various honey bee matrices, such as honey, pollen, beeswax, and bee bodies, highlighting the potential routes of exposure for these vital pollinators. Additionally, evidence suggests that microplastics can accumulate in honey bee tissues (brain, midgut, Malpighian tubules, trachea, and haemolymph) potentially leading to adverse effects on honey bee health, behaviour, and colony dynamics. Additionally, MPs has a synergistic impact on immune system as well. Change in cuticle profile, reduction in body weight, and changes in eating frequency can regulate overall success rate of their survival. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the long-term consequences for honey bee populations and ecosystem health, which cannot unveil the ultimate degree of future threats. Future research efforts should focus on investigating the interactions between microplastics and other stressors, such as pesticides and pathogens, and assessing the broader ecological implications of honey bee contamination with microplastics. Addressing these knowledge gaps is essential for developing effective mitigation strategies to minimize the impact of microplastics on honey bee populations and safeguarding their vital role in ecosystem functioning and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir
- Department of Zoology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411
| | - Pritha Ghosh
- Department of Entomology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411.
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India, 144411
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3
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Frazier M, Muli E, Patch H. Ecology and Management of African Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera L.). ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:439-453. [PMID: 38270983 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020823-095359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In Africa, humans evolved as honey hunters of honey bee subspecies adapted to diverse geographical regions. Beekeeping today is practiced much as it was when Africans moved from honey hunting to beekeeping nearly 5,000 years ago, with beekeepers relying on seasonally available wild bees. Research suggests that populations are resilient, able to resist diseases and novel parasites. Distinct biomes, as well as environmental pressures, shaped the behavior and biology of these bees and in turn influenced how indigenous beekeeping developed. It appears that passive beekeeping practices that enabled free-living populations contributed to the overall resilience and health of the bee. There is clearly a need for research aimed at a deeper understanding of bee biology and the ecosystems from which they benefit and on which humans depend, as well as a growing realization that the management of these bees requires an indigenous approach that reflects a broader knowledge base and the economics of local communities and markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann Frazier
- Department of Entomology and Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Elliud Muli
- Department of Life Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Harland Patch
- Department of Entomology and Center for Pollinator Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA;
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4
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Abuagla MIB, Iqbal J, Raweh HSA, Alqarni AS. Olfactory Learning Behavior and Mortality of the Honey Bee Apis mellifera jemenitica in Response to Pyrethroid Insecticide (Deltamethrin). TOXICS 2023; 12:25. [PMID: 38250981 PMCID: PMC10818679 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees are constantly threatened due to the wide use of pesticides. This study presents the effects of deltamethrin on the mortality, olfactory learning, and memory formation of the native Saudi bee Apis mellifera jemenitica. Topical and oral application of realistic field and serial dilutions of deltamethrin (250, 125, 62.5, and 25 ppm) caused significant mortality at 4, 12, 24, and 48 h posttreatment. Bee mortality increased with the increasing concentration of insecticide at all tested posttreatment times. Highest mortality was observed at 24 h and 48 h after both exposure routes. Food consumption gradually decreased with increasing concentration of deltamethrin during oral exposure. The LC50 of deltamethrin was determined at 12, 24, and 48 h for topical (86.28 ppm, 36.16 ppm, and 29.19 ppm, respectively) and oral (35.77 ppm, 32.53 ppm, and 30.78 ppm, respectively) exposure. Oral exposure led to significantly higher bee mortality than topical exposure of deltamethrin at 4 h and 12 h, but both exposure routes were equally toxic to bees at 24 h and 48 h. The sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC20, and LC30) of deltamethrin significantly impaired the learning during conditioning trials, as well as the memory formation of bees at 2, 12, and 24 h after topical and oral exposure. Thus, deltamethrin inhibits learning, and bees were unable to memorize the learned task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdulaziz S. Alqarni
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (J.I.)
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5
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Lyu Z, Zhou T, Sun M, Feng M, Guo W, Nie L, Song Y, Men X, Li L, Yu Y. Exploratory comparison of flower visiting behavior and pollination ability of mason bees, bumble bees, and honey bees. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1949-1956. [PMID: 37947188 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the flower visiting behaviors and pollination abilities of mason bees (Osmia excavata Alfken (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)), bumble bees (Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)), and Italian honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) in apple orchards in early spring in Jinan (located in the central region of Shandong) and Yantai (located in the Peninsula of Shandong). We compared the pollen collection patterns, flower visiting behavior, flying speed, and effects on apple pollination of the 3 types of bees. The frequencies of flower visits were significantly higher for mason bees (12.89/min in Jinan and 10.63/min in Yantai) than bumble bees and Italian honey bees in the 2 regions. The single flower residence times were significantly higher for Italian honey bees (8.22 s in Jinan and 9.43 s in Yantai), but Italian honey bees were most affected by the climate. The 3 bees differed significantly in terms of the amount of apple pollen collected and their effects on the fruit setting rate in apples (mason bees > bumble bees > Italian honey bees). The results showed that the mason bee was the most suitable pollinating species for spring apple orchards; Bumble bees were more suitable as alternative pollinators during cloudy and low temperatures; Italian honey bees were able to take advantage of their large number of worker bees in sunny and warm weather. Compared to individual bee species, a combination of 2 or 3 species of bees might be more advantageous in dealing with complex and variable weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Lyu
- Shandong Sericulture Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264002, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Shandong Sericulture Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264002, China
| | - Min Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wenxiu Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Shandong Sericulture Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264002, China
| | - Yingying Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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Gaubert J, Giovenazzo P, Derome N. Individual and social defenses in Apis mellifera: a playground to fight against synergistic stressor interactions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1172859. [PMID: 37485064 PMCID: PMC10360197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1172859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The honeybee is an important species for the agri-food and pharmaceutical industries through bee products and crop pollination services. However, honeybee health is a major concern, because beekeepers in many countries are experiencing significant colony losses. This phenomenon has been linked to the exposure of bees to multiple stresses in their environment. Indeed, several biotic and abiotic stressors interact with bees in a synergistic or antagonistic way. Synergistic stressors often act through a disruption of their defense systems (immune response or detoxification). Antagonistic interactions are most often caused by interactions between biotic stressors or disruptive activation of bee defenses. Honeybees have developed behavioral defense strategies and produce antimicrobial compounds to prevent exposure to various pathogens and chemicals. Expanding our knowledge about these processes could be used to develop strategies to shield bees from exposure. This review aims to describe current knowledge about the exposure of honeybees to multiple stresses and the defense mechanisms they have developed to protect themselves. The effect of multi-stress exposure is mainly due to a disruption of the immune response, detoxification, or an excessive defense response by the bee itself. In addition, bees have developed defenses against stressors, some behavioral, others involving the production of antimicrobials, or exploiting beneficial external factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Gaubert
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Giovenazzo, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Giovenazzo
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Derome
- Laboratoire Derome, Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire Giovenazzo, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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7
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Tierney SM, Bernauer OM, King L, Spooner-Hart R, Cook JM. Bee pollination services and the burden of biogeography. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230747. [PMID: 37312542 PMCID: PMC10265028 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Native bees augment pollination services in the Northern Hemisphere, especially cultivated apple crops, yet Southern Hemisphere contexts are poorly known. We observed the foraging behaviour of 69 354 invertebrate flower visitors in Australian orchards (two regions, 3 years) to assess the efficacy of pollination service (Peff). Native stingless bees and introduced honey bees were the most abundant visitors and most efficacious pollinators (Tetragonula Peff = 6.16; Apis Peff = 13.02), with Tetragonula becoming important service providers above 22°C. However, visits by tree-nesting stingless bees decreased with distance from native forest (less than 200 m) and their tropical/subtropical distribution precludes pollination service in other major Australian apple-producing regions. More broadly distributed native allodapine and halictine bees transferred the most pollen per-visit, but their low abundances reduce efficacies (Exoneura Peff = 0.03; Lasioglossum Peff = 0.06), resulting in a general dependence on honey bees. This reliance is a burden of biogeography, since key Northern Hemisphere pollinators of apple (Andrena, Apis, Bombus, Osmia) do not naturally occur in Australasia-where there is only 15% generic overlap with Central Asian bees sympatric with wild apple distributions (cf. Palaearctic 66% and Nearctic 46% generic overlaps). The historical biogeography of bees therefore drives an extreme dependence on one introduced species for apple pollination in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Tierney
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - Olivia M. Bernauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lachlan King
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - Robert Spooner-Hart
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia
| | - James M. Cook
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia
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8
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Lazaridi E, Bebeli PJ. Cowpea Constraints and Breeding in Europe. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1339. [PMID: 36987026 PMCID: PMC10052078 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume with a constant rate of cultivation in Southern European countries. Consumer demand for cowpea worldwide is rising due to its nutritional content, while Europe is constantly attempting to reduce the deficit in the production of pulses and invest in new, healthy food market products. Although the climatic conditions that prevail in Europe are not so harsh in terms of heat and drought as in the tropical climates where cowpea is mainly cultivated, cowpea confronts with a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and yield-limiting factors in Southern European countries. In this paper, we summarize the main constraints for cowpea cultivation in Europe and the breeding methods that have been or can be used. A special mention is made of the availability plant genetic resources (PGRs) and their potential for breeding purposes, aiming to promote more sustainable cropping systems as climatic shifts become more frequent and fiercer, and environmental degradation expands worldwide.
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9
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Alejandre EM, Scherer L, Guinée JB, Aizen MA, Albrecht M, Balzan MV, Bartomeus I, Bevk D, Burkle LA, Clough Y, Cole LJ, Delphia CM, Dicks LV, Garratt MP, Kleijn D, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Mandelik Y, Paxton RJ, Petanidou T, Potts S, Sárospataki M, Schulp CJ, Stavrinides M, Stein K, Stout JC, Szentgyörgyi H, Varnava AI, Woodcock BA, van Bodegom PM. Characterization Factors to Assess Land Use Impacts on Pollinator Abundance in Life Cycle Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3445-3454. [PMID: 36780611 PMCID: PMC9979645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While wild pollinators play a key role in global food production, their assessment is currently missing from the most commonly used environmental impact assessment method, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This is mainly due to constraints in data availability and compatibility with LCA inventories. To target this gap, relative pollinator abundance estimates were obtained with the use of a Delphi assessment, during which 25 experts, covering 16 nationalities and 45 countries of expertise, provided scores for low, typical, and high expected abundance associated with 24 land use categories. Based on these estimates, this study presents a set of globally generic characterization factors (CFs) that allows translating land use into relative impacts to wild pollinator abundance. The associated uncertainty of the CFs is presented along with an illustrative case to demonstrate the applicability in LCA studies. The CFs based on estimates that reached consensus during the Delphi assessment are recommended as readily applicable and allow key differences among land use types to be distinguished. The resulting CFs are proposed as the first step for incorporating pollinator impacts in LCA studies, exemplifying the use of expert elicitation methods as a useful tool to fill data gaps that constrain the characterization of key environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Alejandre
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Scherer
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen B. Guinée
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Grupo
de Ecología de la Polinización, INIBIOMA, Universidad
Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology
and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario V. Balzan
- Institute
of Applied Sciences, Malta College of Arts,
Science and Technology (MCAST), PLA9032 Paola, Malta
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Estación
Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Danilo Bevk
- National
Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura A. Burkle
- Department
of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre
for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
37, 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Lorna J. Cole
- Integrated Land Management, SRUC, JF Niven Building, Auchincruive
Estate, KA6 5HW AYR, U.K.
| | - Casey M. Delphia
- Montana Entomology Collection, Montana
State University, Room 50 Marsh
Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Lynn V. Dicks
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ Cambridge U.K.
- School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich
Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich U.K.
| | | | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology
and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki
- Centre
for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Alkotmány str. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Yael Mandelik
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture
Food and Environment, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, P.O.Box 12, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert J. Paxton
- Institute for Biology, Martin
Luther University
Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German
Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory
of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Simon Potts
- University
of Reading, RG6 6AR Reading, U.K.
| | - Miklós Sárospataki
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Institute
for Wildlife
Management and Nature Conservation, Hungarian
University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1., H2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catharina J.E. Schulp
- Department of Environmental Geography,
Institute for
Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menelaos Stavrinides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Cyprus
University of Technology, Arch. Kyprianos 30, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Katharina Stein
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Botany
and Botanical Garden, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Strasse 45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jane C. Stout
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02
PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi
- Department
of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian
University, ul. Gronostajowa
3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Androulla I. Varnava
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Cyprus
University of Technology, Arch. Kyprianos 30, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Ben A. Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, U.K.
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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van der Niet T, Egan PA, Schlüter PM. Evolutionarily inspired solutions to the crop pollination crisis. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:435-445. [PMID: 36737302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The global decline in insect diversity threatens pollination services, potentially impacting crop production and food security. Here, we argue that this looming pollination crisis is generally approached from an ecological standpoint, and that consideration of evolutionary principles offers a novel perspective. First, we outline that wild plant species have overcome 'pollination crises' throughout evolutionary history, and show how associated principles can be applied to crop pollination. We then highlight technological advances that can be used to adapt crop flowers for optimal pollination by local wild pollinators, especially by increasing generalization in pollination systems. Thus, synergies among fundamental evolutionary research, genetic engineering, and agro-ecological science provide a promising template for addressing a potential pollination crisis, complementing much-needed strategies focused on pollinator conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotheüs van der Niet
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, 3209, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Egan
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Philipp M Schlüter
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Long-term spatiotemporal patterns in the number of colonies and honey production in Mexico. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1017. [PMID: 36653357 PMCID: PMC9849204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey bee decline is currently one of the world's most serious environmental issues, and scientists, governments, and producers have generated interest in understanding its causes and consequences in honey production and food supply. Mexico is one of the world's top honey producers, however, the honey bee population's status has not been documented to date. Based on 32 years of data from beekeeping, we make a country-level assessment of honey bee colony trends in Mexico. We use generalized additive mixed models to measure the associations between the percent change in honey bee hives and the percent change in honey yield per hive in relation to land-use, climate, and socioeconomic conditions. Despite the fact that the average annual yield per hive increased from 1980 to 2012, we detected a significant decline in the percent change in the number of honey bee hives across the time period studied. We also found a relationship between climatic conditions and agricultural land use, with agriculture increases and high temperatures producing a decrease in the percent change in honey yield. We found a relationship between a reduction in the temperature range (the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures) and a decrease in the percent change in the number of hives, while socioeconomic factors related to poverty levels have an impact on the number of hives and honey yields. Although long-term declines in hive numbers are not correlated with poverty levels, socioeconomic factors in states with high and medium poverty levels limit the increase in honey yield per hive. These results provide evidence that land-use changes, unfavorable climatic conditions, political, and socioeconomic factors are partially responsible for the reductions in the percent change in honey bee hives in Mexico.
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Ulrich W, Batáry P, Baudry J, Beaumelle L, Bucher R, Čerevková A, de la Riva EG, Felipe‐Lucia MR, Gallé R, Kesse‐Guyot E, Rembiałkowska E, Rusch A, Stanley D, Birkhofer K. From biodiversity to health: Quantifying the impact of diverse ecosystems on human well‐being. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Ulrich
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Poland
| | - Péter Batáry
- Lendület Landscape and Conservation Ecology Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Julia Baudry
- INRAE U1125, INSERM U1153, CNAM, USPN, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center University of Paris (CRESS) Bobigny France
| | - Léa Beaumelle
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Roman Bucher
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus‐Senftenberg Cottbus Germany
| | - Andrea Čerevková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Košice Slovakia
| | - Enrique G. de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus‐Senftenberg Cottbus Germany
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of León León Spain
| | - Maria R. Felipe‐Lucia
- Department of Ecosystem Services Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Germany
| | - Róbert Gallé
- Lendület Landscape and Conservation Ecology Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse‐Guyot
- INRAE U1125, INSERM U1153, CNAM, USPN, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center University of Paris (CRESS) Bobigny France
| | - Ewa Rembiałkowska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food Warsaw University of Life Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Adrien Rusch
- INRAE Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE Villenave d'Ornon France
| | - Dara Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus‐Senftenberg Cottbus Germany
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13
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Xu YJ, Long Q, Fan XX, Ye YP, Zhang KY, Zhang JX, Zhao HD, Yao YT, Fu ZM, Chen DF, Guo R, Ji T, Lin ZG. Transcriptome-Wide Characterization of piRNAs during the Developmental Process of European Honey-Bee Larval Guts. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101879. [PMID: 36292764 PMCID: PMC9602049 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
piRNAs play pivotal roles in maintaining genome stability, regulating gene expression, and modulating development and immunity. However, there are few piRNA-associated studies on honey-bees, and the regulatory role of piRNAs in the development of bee guts is largely unknown. Here, the differential expression pattern of piRNAs during the developmental process of the European honey-bee (Apis mellifera) larval guts was analyzed, followed by investigation of the regulatory network and the potential function of differentially expressed piRNAs (DEpiRNAs) in regulating gut development. A total of 843 piRNAs were identified in the larval guts of A. mellifera; among these, 764 piRNAs were shared by 4- (Am4 group), 5- (Am5 group), and 6-day-old (Am6 group) larval guts, while 11, 67, and one, respectively, were unique. The first base of piRNAs in each group had a cytosine (C) bias. Additionally, 61 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated piRNAs were identified in the “Am4 vs. Am5” comparison group, further targeting 9, 983 genes, which were involved in 50 GO terms and 142 pathways, while two up-regulated and five down-regulated piRNAs were detected in the “Am5 vs. Am6” comparison group, further targeting 1, 936 genes, which were engaged in 41 functional terms and 101 pathways. piR-ame-742536 and piR-ame-856650 in the “Am4 vs. Am5” comparison group as well as piR-ame-592661 and piR-ame-31653 in the “Am5 vs. Am6” comparison group were found to link to the highest number of targets. Further analysis indicated that targets of DEpiRNAs in these two comparison groups putatively regulate seven development-associated signaling pathways, seven immune-associated pathways, and three energy metabolism pathways. Moreover, the expression trends of five randomly selected DEpiRNAs were verified based on stem-loop RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. These results were suggestive of the overall alteration of piRNAs during the larval developmental process and demonstrated that DEpiRNAs potentially modulate development-, immune-, and energy metabolism-associated pathways by regulating the expression of corresponding genes via target binding, further affecting the development of A. mellifera larval guts. Our data offer a novel insight into the development of bee larval guts and lay a basis for clarifying the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Xu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi Long
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Fan
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ya-Ping Ye
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kai-Yao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao-Dong Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Tong Yao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Min Fu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Apitherapy Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Apitherapy Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Apitherapy Research Institute of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Ting Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Zhe-Guang Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
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14
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Pan-Genome Analysis Reveals Functional Divergences in Gut-Restricted Gilliamella and Snodgrassella. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100544. [PMID: 36290512 PMCID: PMC9598484 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilliamella and Snodgrassella, members of core gut microbiota in corbiculate bees, have high species diversity and adaptability to a wide range of hosts. In this study, we performed species taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis for Gilliamella and Snodgrassella strains that we isolated in our laboratory, in combination with published whole-genome. Functional effects of accessory and unique genes were investigated by KEGG category and pathway annotation in pan-genome analysis. Consequently, in Gilliamella, we inferred the importance of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, energy metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins in accessory or unique genes. The pathway mentioned above, plus infectious disease, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism as well as replication and repair exert a pivotal role in accessory or unique genes of Snodgrassella. Further analysis revealed the existence of functional differentiation of accessory and unique genes among Apis-derived genomes and Bombus-derived genomes. We also identified eight and four biosynthetic gene clusters in all Gilliamella and Snodgrassella genomes, respectively. Our study provides a good insight to better understand how host heterogeneity influences the bacterial speciation and affects the versatility of the genome of the gut bacteria.
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15
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Jaffar S, Ahmad S, Lu Y. Contribution of insect gut microbiota and their associated enzymes in insect physiology and biodegradation of pesticides. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979383. [PMID: 36187965 PMCID: PMC9516005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are extensively and injudiciously applied to control agriculture and household pests worldwide. Due to their high use, their toxic residues have enormously increased in the agroecosystem in the past several years. They have caused many severe threats to non-target organisms, including humans. Therefore, the complete removal of toxic compounds is gaining wide attention to protect the ecosystem and the diversity of living organisms. Several methods, such as physical, chemical and biological, are applied to degrade compounds, but as compared to other methods, biological methods are considered more efficient, fast, eco-friendly and less expensive. In particular, employing microbial species and their purified enzymes makes the degradation of toxic pollutants more accessible and converts them into non-toxic products by several metabolic pathways. The digestive tract of insects is usually known as a superior organ that provides a nutrient-rich environment to hundreds of microbial species that perform a pivotal role in various physiological and ecological functions. There is a direct relationship between pesticides and insect pests: pesticides reduce the growth of insect species and alter the phyla located in the gut microbiome. In comparison, the insect gut microbiota tries to degrade toxic compounds by changing their toxicity, increasing the production and regulation of a diverse range of enzymes. These enzymes breakdown into their derivatives, and microbial species utilize them as a sole source of carbon, sulfur and energy. The resistance of pesticides (carbamates, pyrethroids, organophosphates, organochlorines, and neonicotinoids) in insect species is developed by metabolic mechanisms, regulation of enzymes and the expression of various microbial detoxifying genes in insect guts. This review summarizes the toxic effects of agrochemicals on humans, animals, birds and beneficial arthropods. It explores the preferential role of insect gut microbial species in the degradation process and the resistance mechanism of several pesticides in insect species. Additionally, various metabolic pathways have been systematically discussed to better understand the degradation of xenobiotics by insect gut microbial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Jaffar
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyue Lu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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El-Seedi HR, Ahmed HR, El-Wahed AAA, Saeed A, Algethami AF, Attia NF, Guo Z, Musharraf SG, Khatib A, Alsharif SM, Naggar YA, Khalifa SAM, Wang K. Bee Stressors from an Immunological Perspective and Strategies to Improve Bee Health. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050199. [PMID: 35622727 PMCID: PMC9146872 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are the most prevalent insect pollinator species; they pollinate a wide range of crops. Colony collapse disorder (CCD), which is caused by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, incurs high economic/ecological loss. Despite extensive research to identify and study the various ecological stressors such as microbial infections, exposure to pesticides, loss of habitat, and improper beekeeping practices that are claimed to cause these declines, the deep understanding of the observed losses of these important insects is still missing. Honeybees have an innate immune system, which includes physical barriers and cellular and humeral responses to defend against pathogens and parasites. Exposure to various stressors may affect this system and the health of individual bees and colonies. This review summarizes and discusses the composition of the honeybee immune system and the consequences of exposure to stressors, individually or in combinations, on honeybee immune competence. In addition, we discuss the relationship between bee nutrition and immunity. Nutrition and phytochemicals were highlighted as the factors with a high impact on honeybee immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 591, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Nanjing 210024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (H.R.E.-S.); (K.W.); Tel.: +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.); +86-10-62596625 (K.W.)
| | - Hanan R. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt;
| | - Aida A. Abd El-Wahed
- Department of Bee Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12627, Egypt;
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed F. Algethami
- Al nahal al jwal Foundation Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 617, Al Jumum, Makkah 21926, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nour F. Attia
- Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards, 136, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Syed G. Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic Univetsity Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Sultan M. Alsharif
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al Madinah 887, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Shaden A. M. Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (H.R.E.-S.); (K.W.); Tel.: +46-700-43-43-43 (H.R.E.-S.); +86-10-62596625 (K.W.)
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17
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Carneiro LS, Martinez LC, Oliveira AHD, Cossolin JFS, Resende MTCSD, Gonçalves WG, Medeiros-Santana L, Serrão JE. Acute oral exposure to imidacloprid induces apoptosis and autophagy in the midgut of honey bee Apis mellifera workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152847. [PMID: 34995599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee Apis mellifera is an important pollinator that increases the yield and quality of crops. In recent years, honey bee populations have declined in some parts of the world, which has been associated with several causes, including pesticides used in agriculture. Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic insecticides widely used in the world with systemic action mode contaminating nectar and pollen that may be consumed by bees. This study evaluated the side effects of imidacloprid in the midgut of A. mellifera after acute oral exposure. Toxicity, histopathology, cytotoxicity, and expression of autophagy-related gene atg1 were evaluated in honey bee workers orally exposed to imidacloprid. The estimated imidacloprid LC50 was 1.44 mg L-1. The midgut epithelium of bees fed on imidacloprid LC50 has the occurrence of cytoplasm vacuoles, enlarged intercellular spaces, disorganization of the striated border, and nuclear pyknosis, with an organ injury index that increases with time exposure. The midgut digestive cells of treated bees have apical protrusions, damaged mitochondria, and autophagosomes that were characterized for content with organelle debris and high expression of atg1. These features indicate the occurrence of high cell death in the midgut of workers exposed to imidacloprid, which may affect the digestibility the physiology of the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenise Silva Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Martinez
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wagner Gonzanga Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luanda Medeiros-Santana
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - campus Rio Paranaíba, Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais 38810-00, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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Layek U, Das A, Karmakar P. Supplemental Stingless Bee Pollination in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.): An Assessment of Impacts on Native Pollinators and Crop Yield. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.820264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield of many crops benefits from pollinating insects; thus, recently reported declines in pollinator abundance and diversity are concerning for global food production. The pollinator dependency and amount of yield enhancement may vary according to crop species and geographical location. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is an important spice crop cultivated in Indian states. However, comprehensive knowledge about pollination demand and yield enhancement potential of managed bees is still unknown. Here, we conducted a replicated study in two successive years (2020 and 2021) in West Bengal by combining pollinator surveys, pollinator-exclusion experiments, and field manipulation on fennel, which quantifies the impacts of supplemental stingless bees (Tetragonula iridipennis) pollination on native pollinators and crop yield. The crop species attracted many insect species belonging to diverse groups. Among those, important native pollinators (based on “approximate pollination value”) were Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, Apis florea, and Oxybelus furculatus in open condition (i.e., without field manipulation and in the absence of managed bees). We derived the coefficient of pollination deficit (D) from the fruit set percentages in open and manual cross-pollination treatments. The obtained value (D = 0.18) implies that the crop species have pollen transfer limitations, resulting in retardation of crop yield. From field manipulation with managed stingless bee colonies, the abundance of visitors (especially stingless bee foragers) on fennel increased (without altering the foraging activity of other native pollinators), thereby fruit set and crop yield increased by about 14.89 and 19.31%, respectively. Native managed stingless bees had no negative impacts on other native unmanaged species and can be promoted as complementary and short-term means of boosting yields and improving agricultural sustainability.
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Krutmuang P, Rajula J, Pittarate S, Chatima C, Thungrabeab M. The inhibitory action of plant extracts on the mycelial growth of Ascosphaera apis the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in Honey bee. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:713-719. [PMID: 35433272 PMCID: PMC9006850 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascosphaera apis is a fungal pathogen, which causes chalkbrood disease in bees and is threatening beekeeping worldwide. The demand for organic honey for export has lately heightened hence the biological control is the option. This study aimed at the in vitro evaluation of the potency of plant extracts against chalkbrood disease for the possibility of being employed as a biological control strategy. The results showed that the combination of plant extracts from cinnamon with spearmint, cinnamon with lemongrass, cinnamon with geranium, and cinnamon with palmarosa at a concentration of 25% and 12.5% inhibited mycelial growth of A. apis by 100%. This demonstrated the potentiality of combining different plant extracts in controlling this disease. In addition, oregano caused inhibition of up to 100% singly. Conclusively, cinnamon in combination with several extracts has a great potential in curbing this disease while oregano offers an amazing remedy and hence the best formulations should be generated for the beekeeper to utilize.
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20
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Timberlake TP, Cirtwill AR, Baral SC, Bhusal DR, Devkota K, Harris‐Fry HA, Kortsch S, Myers SS, Roslin T, Saville NM, Smith MR, Strona G, Memmott J. A network approach for managing ecosystem services and improving food and nutrition security on smallholder farms. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Daya R. Bhusal
- Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Kedar Devkota
- Faculty of Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry University Chitwan Nepal
| | - Helen A. Harris‐Fry
- Department of Population Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK
| | - Susanne Kortsch
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Samuel S. Myers
- Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Matthew R. Smith
- Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Giovanni Strona
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
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21
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Development and genetic analysis of conspicuous purple coloured corolla lip flower with multicapsules genotype in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Overview of Bee Pollination and Its Economic Value for Crop Production. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080688. [PMID: 34442255 PMCID: PMC8396518 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a rising demand for food security in the face of threats posed by a growing human population. Bees as an insect play a crucial role in crop pollination alongside other animal pollinators such as bats, birds, beetles, moths, hoverflies, wasps, thrips, and butterflies and other vectors such as wind and water. Bees contribute to the global food supply via pollinating a wide range of crops, including fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, legumes, etc. The economic benefit of bees to food production per year was reported including the cash crops, i.e., coffee, cocoa, almond and soybean, compared to self-pollination. Bee pollination improves the quality and quantity of fruits, nuts, and oils. Bee colonies are faced with many challenges that influence their growth, reproduction, and sustainability, particularly climate change, pesticides, land use, and management strength, so it is important to highlight these factors for the sake of gainful pollination. Abstract Pollination plays a significant role in the agriculture sector and serves as a basic pillar for crop production. Plants depend on vectors to move pollen, which can include water, wind, and animal pollinators like bats, moths, hoverflies, birds, bees, butterflies, wasps, thrips, and beetles. Cultivated plants are typically pollinated by animals. Animal-based pollination contributes to 30% of global food production, and bee-pollinated crops contribute to approximately one-third of the total human dietary supply. Bees are considered significant pollinators due to their effectiveness and wide availability. Bee pollination provides excellent value to crop quality and quantity, improving global economic and dietary outcomes. This review highlights the role played by bee pollination, which influences the economy, and enlists the different types of bees and other insects associated with pollination.
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Agroecological Strategies to Safeguard Insect Pollinators in Biodiversity Hotspots: Chile as a Case Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Industrial agriculture (IA) has been recognized among the main drivers of biodiversity loss, climate change, and native pollinator decline. Here we summarize the known negative effects of IA on pollinator biodiversity and illustrate these problems by considering the case of Chile, a “world biodiversity hotspot” (WBH) where food exports account for a considerable share of the economy in this country. Most of Chile’s WBH area is currently being replaced by IA at a fast pace, threatening local biodiversity. We present an agroecological strategy for sustainable food production and pollinator conservation in food-producing WBHs. In this we recognize native pollinators as internal inputs that cannot be replaced by IA technological packages and support the development of agroecological and biodiversity restorative practices to protect biodiversity. We suggest four fundamental pillars for food production change based on: (1) sharing the land, restoring and protecting; (2) ecological intensification; (3) localized knowledge, research, and technological development; and (4) territorial planning and implementation of socio-agroecological policies. This approach does not need modification of native pollination services that sustain the world with food and basic subsistence goods, but a paradigm change where the interdependency of nature and human wellbeing must be recognized for ensuring the world’s food security and sovereignty.
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Current Progress and Future Prospects of Agriculture Technology: Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The agricultural industry is getting more data-centric and requires precise, more advanced data and technologies than before, despite being familiar with agricultural processes. The agriculture industry is being advanced by various information and advanced communication technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). The rapid emergence of these advanced technologies has restructured almost all other industries, as well as advanced agriculture, which has shifted the industry from a statistical approach to a quantitative one. This radical change has shaken existing farming techniques and produced the latest prospects in a series of challenges. This comprehensive review article enlightens the potential of the IoT in the advancement of agriculture and the challenges faced when combining these advanced technologies with conventional agricultural systems. A brief analysis of these advanced technologies with sensors is presented in advanced agricultural applications. Numerous sensors that can be implemented for specific agricultural practices require best management practices (e.g., land preparation, irrigation systems, insect, and disease management). This review includes the integration of all suitable techniques, from sowing to harvesting, packaging, transportation, and advanced technologies available for farmers throughout the cropping system. Besides, this review article highlights the utilization of other tools such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for crop monitoring and other beneficiary measures, such as optimizing crop yields. In addition, advanced programs based on the IoT are also discussed. Finally, based on our comprehensive review, we identified advanced prospects regarding the IoT, which are essential tools for sustainable agriculture.
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Karunakaran R, Yermiyahu U, Dag A, Sperling O. Phosphorus fertilization induces nectar secretion for honeybee visitation and cross-pollination of almond trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3307-3319. [PMID: 33571995 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise phosphorus (P) application requires a mechanistic understanding of mineral effects on crop biology and physiology. Photosynthate assimilation, metabolism, and transport require phosphorylation, and we postulated that P is critical for the bloom and fruit-set of almond trees that rely on stored carbohydrate reserves. Hence, we studied the growth, physiology and carbohydrate dynamics in 2-year-old almond trees irrigated with P concentrations between 1 mg l-1 and 20 mg l-1. Almond trees attained maximal photosynthesis, transpiration, and growth by 6 mg P l-1 irrigation. Nevertheless, almond trees continued to extract P in 10 mg P l-1 and 15 mg P l-1 irrigations, which corresponded to larger yields. We attributed the augmented productivity to increased fruit-set (59% between 6 mg P l-1 and 15 mg P l-1), caused by more frequent (29%) honeybee visits. High P improved pollinator visitation by enabling almond trees to utilize more of their starch reserves for nectar secretion (which increased by ~140% between 6 mg P l-1 and 15 mg P l-1). This work elucidates the benefits of P fertilization to plant-pollinator mutualism, critical to almond productivity, and reveals novel indices for optimal P application in almond orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Karunakaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Research Center, Israel
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Research Center, Israel
| | - Arnon Dag
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Research Center, Israel
| | - Or Sperling
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Gilat Research Center, Israel
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Luo QH, Gao J, Guo Y, Liu C, Ma YZ, Zhou ZY, Dai PL, Hou CS, Wu YY, Diao QY. Effects of a commercially formulated glyphosate solutions at recommended concentrations on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) behaviours. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2115. [PMID: 33483522 PMCID: PMC7822899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, the active ingredient of the most widely used commercial herbicide formulation, is extensively used and produced in China. Previous studies have reported sublethal effects of glyphosate on honeybees. However, the effects of commercially formulated glyphosate (CFG) at the recommended concentration (RC) on the chronic toxicity of honeybees, especially on their behaviours, remain unknown. In this study, a series of behavioural experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CFG on honeybees. The results showed that there was a significant decline in water responsiveness at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC after 3 h of exposure to CFG for 11 days. The CFG significantly reduced sucrose responsiveness at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. In addition, CFG significantly affected olfactory learning ability at 1/2 × , 1 × , and 2 × the RC and negatively affected memory ability at 1/2 × and 1 × the RC. The climbing ability of honeybees also significantly decreased at 1/2 × , 1 × and 2 × the RC. Our findings indicated that, after they were chronically exposed to CFG at the RC, honeybees exhibited behavioural changes. These results provide a theoretical basis for regulating field applications of CFG, which is necessary for establishing an early warning and notification system and for protecting honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Bureau of Landscape and Forestry, Mi Yun District, Beijing, 101500, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Bureau of Landscape and Forestry, Mi Yun District, Beijing, 101500, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Ma
- Bureau of Landscape and Forestry, Mi Yun District, Beijing, 101500, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhou
- Bureau of Landscape and Forestry, Mi Yun District, Beijing, 101500, China
| | - Ping-Li Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Qing-Yun Diao
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Patel V, Pauli N, Biggs E, Barbour L, Boruff B. Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development. AMBIO 2021; 50:49-59. [PMID: 32314266 PMCID: PMC7708548 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in global bee populations are threatening the pollination benefits to both the planet and people. Whilst the contribution of bee pollination in promoting sustainable development goals through food security and biodiversity is widely acknowledged, a range of other benefits provided by bees has yet to be fully recognised. We explore the contributions of bees towards achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our insights suggest that bees potentially contribute towards 15 of the 17 SDGs and a minimum of 30 SDG targets. We identify common themes in which bees play an essential role, and suggest that improved understanding of bee contributions to sustainable development is crucial for ensuring viable bee systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidushi Patel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products, 128, Yanchep Beach Rd, Yanchep, WA 6035 Australia
| | - Natasha Pauli
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Eloise Biggs
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Liz Barbour
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products, 128, Yanchep Beach Rd, Yanchep, WA 6035 Australia
| | - Bryan Boruff
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products, 128, Yanchep Beach Rd, Yanchep, WA 6035 Australia
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
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Alaniz AJ, Carvajal MA, Vergara PM. Giants are coming? Predicting the potential spread and impacts of the giant Asian hornet (Vespa mandarinia, Hymenoptera:Vespidae) in the USA. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:104-112. [PMID: 32841491 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Biological invasions are a global concern in agriculture, food production and biodiversity. Among the invasive species, some hornets are known to have serious effects on honey bees, as found during the invasion of Vespa velutina in Europe. The recent findings of Vespa mandarinia individuals in Washington state in the west coast of the USA have raised alarm in the whole country. Here we estimate the potential spread of V. mandarinia in the USA, analyzing its potential impacts on honey bee colonies, economic losses in the honey bee industry and bee-pollinated croplands. RESULTS We found that V. mandarinia could colonize Washington and Oregon states in the west coast and a significant proportion of the east coast. If this species spread across the country, it could threaten 95 216 ± 5551 honey bee colonies, threatening an estimated income of US$11.9 and 101.8 million for hive derived products and bee-pollinated crops production, respectively, while colonizing 60 837.8 km2 of bee-pollinated croplands. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that V. mandarinia will have serious effects in the USA, raising the need for prompt monitoring actions and planning at different administrative levels to avoid its potential spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Alaniz
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Ecogeografía, Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geográfica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario A Carvajal
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Ecogeografía, Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo M Vergara
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Piovesan B, Padilha AC, Morais MC, Botton M, Grützmacher AD, Zotti MJ. Effects of insecticides used in strawberries on stingless bees Melipona quadrifasciata and Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Hymenoptera: Apidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42472-42480. [PMID: 32705562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides is considered one of the most important threats to pollinators, especially since they are widely used in agriculture for pest control. In the last years, several studies have reported severe secondary effects on various bee species, including exotic and native bees. In this study, lethal (mortality) and sublethal (locomotor activity) effects of insecticides and acaricides used in strawberries in Brazil (abamectin, novaluron, spinetoram, and thiamethoxam) were evaluated on the native stingless bees Melipona quadrifasciata and Tetragonisca fiebrigi. The results showed that the effects varied significantly according to the pesticide, type of exposure (oral or topical), and bee species. Through oral exposure, M. quadrifasciata was more susceptible to all insecticides except for abamectin, while in topical exposure, T. fiebrigi was more sensitive. Thiamethoxam followed by spinetoram and abamectin were the most lethal, regardless of species or exposure route; novaluron was not harmful at the highest tested dose. The locomotor activity of bees was altered in the presence of sublethal doses (LC10 and LC50) of all insecticides. Spinetoram and abamectin can be as much as toxic as thiamethoxam against M. quadrifasciata and T. fiebrigi in laboratory experiments. These findings should be confirmed in field experiments to define possibilities to combine pest control and pollinator management. In crops like strawberries, the selectivity of native pollinators should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Piovesan
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Aline Costa Padilha
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Chagas Morais
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Botton
- Laboratory of Entomology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 515, Bento Gonçalves, 95701-008, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson Dionei Grützmacher
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Moisés João Zotti
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Elisante F, Ndakidemi P, Arnold SEJ, Belmain SR, Gurr GM, Darbyshire I, Xie G, Stevenson PC. Insect pollination is important in a smallholder bean farming system. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10102. [PMID: 33150065 PMCID: PMC7583606 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many low-income countries, particularly so in East Africa. While this crop is autogamous, it is frequently visited by pollinating insects that could improve yields. However, the value of pollination services to common beans (Kariasii) yield is not known. Methods We carried out pollinator-exclusion experiments to determine the contribution of insect pollinators to bean yields. We also carried out a fluorescent-dye experiment to evaluate the role of field margins as refuge for flower-visitors. Results Significantly higher yields, based on pods per plant and seeds per pod, were recorded from open-pollinated and hand-pollinated flowers compared to plants from which pollinators had been excluded indicating that flower visitors contribute significantly to bean yields. Similarly, open and hand-pollinated plants recorded the highest mean seed weight. Extrapolation of yield data to field scale indicated a potential increase per hectare from 681 kg in self-pollinated beans to 1,478 kg in open-pollinated beans indicating that flower visitors contributed significantly to crop yield of beans. Our marking study indicated that flower-visiting insects including bees, flies and lepidopterans moved from the field margin flowers into the bean crop. Overall, these results show that insect pollinators are important for optimising bean yields and an important food security consideration on smallholder farms. Field margin vegetation also provides habitat for flower-visiting insects that pollinate beans. Hence, non-crop habitats merit further research focusing on establishing which field margin species are most important and their capacity to support other ecosystem services such as natural pest regulation or even pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filemon Elisante
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Ndakidemi
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Sarah E J Arnold
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R Belmain
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia
| | - Iain Darbyshire
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Gang Xie
- Quantitative Consulting Unit, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip C Stevenson
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
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A Native Bee, Melissodes tepaneca (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Benefits Cotton Production. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080487. [PMID: 32752142 PMCID: PMC7469215 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cotton agroecosystem is one of the most intensely managed, economically and culturally important cropping systems worldwide. Native pollinators are essential in providing pollination services to a diverse array of crops, including those which have the ability to self-pollinate. Cotton, which is autogamous, can potentially benefit from insect-mediated pollination services provided by native bees within the agroecosystem. Examined through two replicated experiments over two years, we hypothesized that native bees facilitated cross-pollination, which resulted in increased lint of harvested bolls produced by flowers exposed to bees and overall lint weight yield of the plant. Cotton bolls from flowers that were caged and exposed to bees, flowers that were hand-crossed, and bolls from flowers on uncaged plants exposed to pollinators had higher pre-gin weights and post-gin weights than bolls from flowers of caged plants excluded from pollinators. When cotton plants were caged with the local native bee Melissodes tepaneca, seed cotton weight was 0.8 g higher on average in 2018 and 1.18 g higher on average in 2019 than when cotton plants were excluded from bees. Cotton production gains from flowers exposed to M. tepaneca were similar when measuring lint and seed separately. Cotton flowers exposed over two weeks around the middle of the blooming period resulted in an overall yield gain of 12% to 15% on a whole plant basis and up to 24% from bolls produced from flowers exposed directly to M. tepaneca. This information complements cotton-mediated conservation benefits provided to native pollinators by substantiating native bee-mediated pollination services provided to the cotton agroecosystem.
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Native Pollinators (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Cotton Grown in the Gulf South, United States. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Native bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) were sampled using bee bowls in two states to determine biodiversity in commercial cotton fields of the southern United States. In both states, native bee communities found in cotton fields were dominated by generalist pollinators in the genera Agapostemon, Augochloropsis, Halictus, and Lasioglossum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), and Melissodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Melissodes tepaneca (Cresson) was the most abundant species found in cotton fields in both states. Some species collected are known specialists on other plant taxa, suggesting they may be tourist species. Here we provide a baseline species list of native bees found in cotton. Ordination indicated separation between the communities found in the two states when pooled by genus, but these differences were not significant. While cotton is grown in highly managed and disturbed landscapes, our data suggest that a community of common generalist native pollinators persists. Many of these species are also found in other cropping systems across North America.
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Sawe T, Nielsen A, Totland Ø, Macrice S, Eldegard K. Inadequate pollination services limit watermelon yields in northern Tanzania. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gagic V, Marcora A, Howie L. Additive and interactive effects of pollination and biological pest control on crop yield. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Scopece G, Frachon L, Cozzolino S. Do native and invasive herbivores have an effect on Brassica rapa pollination? PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:927-934. [PMID: 30884071 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic (e.g. pollination) and antagonistic (e.g. herbivory) plant-insect interactions shape levels of plant fitness and can have interactive effects. By using experimental plots of Brassica rapa plants infested with generalist (Mamestra brassicae) and specialised (Pieris brassicae) native herbivores and with a generalist invasive (Spodoptera littoralis) herbivore, we estimated both pollen movement among treatments and the visiting behaviour of honeybees versus other wild pollinators. Overall, we found that herbivory has weak effects on plant pollen export, either in terms of inter-treatment movements or of dispersion distance. Plants infested with the native specialised herbivore tend to export less pollen to other plants with the same treatment. Other wild pollinators preferentially visit non-infested plants that differ from those of honeybees, which showed no preferences. Honeybees and other wild pollinators also showed different behaviours on plants infested with different herbivores, with the former tending to avoid revisiting the same treatment and the latter showing no avoidance behaviour. When taking into account the whole pollinator community, i.e. the interactive effects of honeybees and other wild pollinators, we found an increased avoidance of plants infested by the native specialised herbivore and a decreased avoidance of plants infested by the invasive herbivore. Taken together, our results suggest that herbivory may have an effect on B. rapa pollination, but this effect depends on the relative abundance of honeybees and other wild pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scopece
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario MSA, Naples, Italy
| | - L Frachon
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario MSA, Naples, Italy
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Cozzolino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario MSA, Naples, Italy
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What Do Romanian Farmers Think about the Effects of Pesticides? Perceptions and Willingness to Pay for Bio-Pesticides. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11133628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Farmers’ knowledge and perception of risks associated with pesticides are core issues in adopting sustainable behavior related to pesticides. This study aimed to find out if Romanian farmers’ perceptions regarding the effects of conventional pesticides on pests, health, and the environment can predict farmers’ willingness to replace conventional pesticides with bio ones and to pay a higher price for the latter. This is the first investigation of Romanian farmers’ perceptions regarding pesticides, thus providing information useful both from the market and environmental protection perspectives. Binary logistic regression was performed to test the relationship between the perceived effect of pesticides, on the one side, and willingness to change conventional with bio-pesticides and willingness to pay for bio-pesticides, on the other side. It was found that the efficiency of conventional pesticides on combating pests and their effects on a farmer’s health can predict farmer willingness to replace conventional approaches with bio-pesticides. Conclusions disclose entry points for interventions aimed at improving communication and information strategies at the country level for raising awareness of the adverse effects of pesticide products, both at the food consumer and farmer levels.
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Almeida F, Rodrigues ML, Coelho C. The Still Underestimated Problem of Fungal Diseases Worldwide. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:214. [PMID: 30809213 PMCID: PMC6379264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, fungal diseases caused estimated over 1.6 million deaths annually and over one billion people suffer from severe fungal diseases (Brown et al., 2012; Anonymous, 2017b). Public health surveillance of fungal diseases is generally not compulsory, suggesting that most estimates are conservative (Casadevall, 2017; Anonymous, 2017a). Fungal disease can also damage plants and crops, causing major losses in agricultural activities and food production (Savary et al., 2012). Animal pathogenic fungi are threatening bats, amphibians and reptiles with extinction (Casadevall, 2017). It is estimated that fungi are the highest threat for animal-host and plant-host species, representing the major cause (approximately 65%) of pathogen-driven host loss (Fisher et al., 2012). In this complex scenario, it is now clear that the global warming and accompanying climate changes have resulted in increased incidence of many fungal diseases (Garcia-Solache and Casadevall, 2010). On the basis of all these factors, concerns on the occurrence of a pandemic of fungal origin in a near future have been raised (Casadevall, 2017). In this context, to stop forgetting and underestimating fungal diseases is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Coelho
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Jaffe BD, Lois AN, Guédot C. Effect of Fungicide on Pollen Foraging by Honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Cranberry Differs by Fungicide Type. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:499-503. [PMID: 30462261 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) play a major role in the pollination of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon; Ericaceae). However, fungicide applications during cranberry bloom may affect bees foraging behavior. This research reports the amount of cranberry and noncranberry pollen brought back to hives immediately before and after two types of fungicide applications. The amount of cranberry pollen decreased while the amount of noncranberry pollen increased following a fungicide application. However, this relationship differed depending on the type of fungicide applied. Understanding how different fungicides specifically impact bee behavior is essential to minimizing bee exposure to potentially harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Jaffe
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Entomology, WI
| | - A N Lois
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Entomology, WI
| | - C Guédot
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Entomology, WI
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Income Vulnerability of West African Farming Households to Losses in Pollination Services: A Case Study from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10114253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) in West African countries is developing rapidly in response to population growth and changing consumer preferences. Furthermore, UPA offers opportunities to secure income and social integration for the urban poor. However, little is known about household (HH) income security effects of the ongoing shift in UPA land use from crops that do not rely on insect pollinators for fruit development (e.g., sorghum and millet) to pollinator-dependent crops. In our study we developed a Household Vulnerability Index (HVI) for 224 HHs along a rural–urban gradient of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The HVI indicates to which degree total HH revenue could be affected by a decline in insect pollinators. HH specific relative reduction of agricultural revenue ranged from 0 to −0.83, a reduction in HHs’ revenue of up to 83%, depending on the crops’ level of pollinator dependency. Half of the studied HHs (n = 108) showed an HVI of 0 and remained unaffected by a decline in pollinators. Nevertheless, mean HVI was highest for urban HHs; making these HHs most vulnerable for loss of pollination services. As in urban areas changes in insect-mediated pollination services are expected, the development of resilient UPA systems must consider “pollinator-friendly” landscape management.
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Stein K, Stenchly K, Coulibaly D, Pauly A, Dimobe K, Steffan‐Dewenter I, Konaté S, Goetze D, Porembski S, Linsenmair KE. Impact of human disturbance on bee pollinator communities in savanna and agricultural sites in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:6827-6838. [PMID: 30038778 PMCID: PMC6053565 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
All over the world, pollinators are threatened by land-use change involving degradation of seminatural habitats or conversion into agricultural land. Such disturbance often leads to lowered pollinator abundance and/or diversity, which might reduce crop yield in adjacent agricultural areas. For West Africa, changes in bee communities across disturbance gradients from savanna to agricultural land are mainly unknown. In this study, we monitored for the impact of human disturbance on bee communities in savanna and crop fields. We chose three savanna areas of varying disturbance intensity (low, medium, and high) in the South Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso, based on land-use/land cover data via Landsat images, and selected nearby cotton and sesame fields. During 21 months covering two rainy and two dry seasons in 2014 and 2015, we captured bees using pan traps. Spatial and temporal patterns of bee species abundance, richness, evenness and community structure were assessed. In total, 35,469 bee specimens were caught on 12 savanna sites and 22 fields, comprising 97 species of 32 genera. Bee abundance was highest at intermediate disturbance in the rainy season. Species richness and evenness did not differ significantly. Bee communities at medium and highly disturbed savanna sites comprised only subsets of those at low disturbed sites. An across-habitat spillover of bees (mostly abundant social bee species) from savanna into crop fields was observed during the rainy season when crops are mass-flowering, whereas most savanna plants are not in bloom. Despite disturbance intensification, our findings suggest that wild bee communities can persist in anthropogenic landscapes and that some species even benefitted disproportionally. West African areas of crop production such as for cotton and sesame may serve as important food resources for bee species in times when resources in the savanna are scarce and receive at the same time considerable pollination service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stein
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
- Department of Botany and Botanical GardenInstitute of Biological SciencesUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Kathrin Stenchly
- Faculty of Organic Agricultural SciencesUniversität KasselKasselGermany
| | - Drissa Coulibaly
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la NatureUnité de Recherche en Ecologie et BiodiversitéUniversité Nangui AbrogouaAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Alain Pauly
- Department of EntomologyRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural SciencesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Kangbeni Dimobe
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie VégétalesUFR/SVTUniversité Ouaga1 Pr Joseph Ki‐ZerboOuagadougouBurkina Faso
| | - Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Souleymane Konaté
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la NatureUnité de Recherche en Ecologie et BiodiversitéUniversité Nangui AbrogouaAbidjanCôte d'Ivoire
| | - Dethardt Goetze
- Department of Botany and Botanical GardenInstitute of Biological SciencesUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Stefan Porembski
- Department of Botany and Botanical GardenInstitute of Biological SciencesUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - K. Eduard Linsenmair
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenterUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
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