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Kono K, Nakajima S, Mimura K. Biomarker-oriented chemo-immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:865-872. [PMID: 38647874 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The biomarker-oriented chemo-immunotherapy is useful and promising in the development of new anticancer agents, since the responders can be enriched by selecting patients with biomarkers. Compared to colorectal and lung cancers, the development of biomarker-driven molecular-targeted therapeutics for gastric cancers has been straggled. However, several new biomarkers in gastric cancers have been discovered and clinical trials in enrichment design with certain biomarkers have been conducted. Therefore, there are currently several treatment options to treat gastric cancer patients based on individual biomarker-oriented strategies. In the present review, we describe the useful biomarkers in gastric cancer, with focusing on HER2, PD-L1, and Claudin18.2, in relation to their clinical significance and associated targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer and Regional Medical Support, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kosaku Mimura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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2
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Jin Y, Jiang J, Mao W, Bai M, Chen Q, Zhu J. Treatment strategies and molecular mechanism of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216858. [PMID: 38621460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) remodels the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and modulates the immune response to indirectly destroy tumor cells, in addition to directly killing tumor cells. RT combined with immunotherapy may significantly enhance the efficacy of RT in colorectal cancer by modulating the microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms by which RT acts as an immunomodulator to modulate the immune microenvironment remain unclear. Further, the optimal modalities of RT combined with immunotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer, such as the time point of combining RT and immunization, the fractionation pattern and dosage of radiotherapy, and other methods to improve the efficacy, are also being explored parallelly. To address these aspects, in this review, we summarized the mechanisms by which RT modulates TIME and concluded the progress of RT combined with immunization in preclinical and clinical trials. Finally, we discussed heavy ion radiation therapy and the efficacy of prediction markers and other immune combination therapies. Overall, combining RT with immunotherapy to enhance antitumor effects will have a significant clinical implication and will help to facilitate individualized treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, 31400, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Minghua Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310000, China; Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou, 310000, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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3
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Lu MM, Yang Y. Exosomal PD-L1 in cancer and other fields: recent advances and perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395332. [PMID: 38726017 PMCID: PMC11079227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 signaling is a key factor of local immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling have achieved tremendous success in clinic. However, several types of cancer are particularly refractory to the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Recently, a series of studies reported that IFN-γ can stimulate cancer cells to release exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1), which possesses the ability to suppress anticancer immune responses and is associated with anti-PD-1 response. In this review, we introduce the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling, including the so-called 'reverse signaling'. Furthermore, we summarize the immune treatments of cancers and pay more attention to immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Additionally, we review the action mechanisms and regulation of exoPD-L1. We also introduce the function of exoPD-L1 as biomarkers. Finally, we review the methods for analyzing and quantifying exoPD-L1, the therapeutic strategies targeting exoPD-L1 to enhance immunotherapy and the roles of exoPD-L1 beyond cancer. This comprehensive review delves into recent advances of exoPD-L1 and all these findings suggest that exoPD-L1 plays an important role in both cancer and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Man Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Wang R, Zhao Y. Effects of Metformin on JNK Signaling Pathway and PD-L1 Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:259-268. [PMID: 38585433 PMCID: PMC10998504 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s454960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Metformin has been shown to have the potential to inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of metformin on the expression of programmed death protein ligand 1(PD-L1) and mechanisms in TNBC. Methods Mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 was co-cultured with metformin, and the effect of metformin on cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The effect of metformin on the expression of JNK, RSK2 and CREB was detected by MAPK pathway protein chip. BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells with knockdown/overexpression of C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and administered with metformin. The weight of tumor tissue was observed at the end of the experiment. The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was observed by immunofluorescence staining and the level of INF-γwas quantitatively determined by ELISA. Results Metformin inhibited the viability of 4T1 cells and increased the phosphorylation of JNK to reduce the phosphorylation of RSK2 and CREB. Metformin and JNK knockdown reduced the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells, but there was no significant difference in the weight of tumor tissue. Metformin can reduce the level of INF-γ in tumor tissues, but JNK has no effect. Conclusion Metformin can inhibit the expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer mice and improve the tumor microenvironment, but does not reduce the size of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Cai J, Xiao L, Liu J, Wang D, Zhou Y, Liao Z, Chen G. BPIFB1, Serving as a Downstream Effector of EBV-miR-BART4, Blocks Immune Escape of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma via Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10719-3. [PMID: 38467887 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors of head and neck in the Southeast Asia. PD-L1-dependent immune escape plays a critical role involved in NPC development. BPIFB1 has previously reported to take tumor-suppressive actions on NPC cell proliferation and migration. Nonetheless, the function of BPIFB1 in immune escape remains largely elusive. Expression pattern on mRNA and protein levels of target genes in NPC patients' samples and cell lines were examined by qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. The assessment of CD8+ T-cell apoptosis and expression was determined by flow cytometry. Molecular interactions were verified using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay. BPIFB1 was downregulated in NPC tumor tissues, exhibiting a negative correlation of PD-L1. Overexpression of BPIFB1 significantly inhibited the expression of PD-L1, suppressing the apoptosis and enhancing the expression of CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, BPIFB1 was found to repress the expression of STAT1, which was identified to be an upstream activator of PD-L1. Furthermore, the EBV-encoded miR-BART4 overexpressed in NPC cells could directly target and inhibit BPIFB1. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism for the upstream and downstream pathway of BPIFB1 related with immune escape, indicating a novel approach for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaodi Cai
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The Fourth Hospital of Changsha), No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Alabiad MA, Said WMM, Saad RHF, Balata R, Mahmoud AA, Metwally EA, Shalaby AM, Samy W, Yehia AM, Yahia AIO, Alorini M, Abdelrahman DI. Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes Tumorigenicity and Worsens Hodgkin Lymphoma Prognosis by Activating JAK/STAT and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:88-100. [PMID: 38356485 PMCID: PMC10862106 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97287.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in 40% of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). During latency, EBV induces epigenetic alterations to the host genome and decreases the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of mRNA molecules and the end product of proteins for the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways, and their association with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters in patients with EBV-positive and -negative classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2017 to 2022 at the Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University Hospital (Zagazig, Egypt). Biopsy samples of 64 patients with CHL were divided into EBV-positive and EBV-negative groups. The expression levels of mRNA molecules (JAK2, STAT1, IRF-1, PD-L1, IFN-γ, NF-κB, Bcl-xL, COX-2) and the end product of proteins (PD-L1, Bcl-xL, COX-2) were determined and compared with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters. Data were analyzed using the Chi square test and Kaplan-Meier estimate. Results EBV-positive CHL patients were significantly associated with positive expression of mRNAs molecules (P<0.001) and the end product of proteins (P<0.001) for the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways, B-symptoms (P=0.022), extra-nodal involvement (P=0.017), and advanced stage of CHL (P=0.018). These patients were more susceptible to cancer progression, higher incidence of relapse (P=0.008), poor disease-free survival rate (P=0.013), poor overall survival rate (P=0.028), and higher mortality rate (P=0.015). Conclusion Through the activation of JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways, EBV-positive CHL is associated with poor clinicopathological parameters, higher incidence of disease progression, relapse, and poor overall survival. A preprint of this manuscript is available on research square (doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1857436/v1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Alabiad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Warda M. M. Said
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Rema H Faraj Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Rawda Balata
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Anany Metwally
- Hematology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Mohamed Shalaby
- Depatment of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Walaa Samy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Yehia
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amar Ibrahim Omar Yahia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kordofan, Elobeid, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Alorini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Doaa I. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Salih SS, Abdelaziz MS, Abdelhag IM, Mosad AS. Expression of programmed death-ligand 1, IRF1 and CD8 T lymphocyte infiltration in a primary subset of breast cancer patients in Sudan. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:99-105. [PMID: 37876597 PMCID: PMC10590852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the protein expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in breast cancer (BC) tissues and link this data with estrogen status, the expression of interferon regulatory factor1 (IRF-1), and CD8+T lymphocyte infiltration by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We also attempted to identify the association between PD-L1 expression, the cell proliferation index marker (Ki67), and lymph node involvement. Methods One hundred and fifty formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of breast tissue were acquired from Sudanese females via The National Public Health Laboratory. FFPE blocks were subjected to antigen/antibody detection by IHC with antibodies raised against PD-L1, IRF1, and CD8. These data were analyzed alongside data extracted from medical records relating to estrogen receptor (ER) status, Ki67 index, and lymph node (LN) status. Results IHC analysis revealed a significant association between PD-L1 and CD8 (p = 0.010). In addition, regression analysis indicated the ability of IRF1 to induce PD-L1 expression levels in IRF1-positive cases that were two-fold higher than IRF1-deficient cases (odds ratio [OR]: 2.441 p = 0.035). Analysis also suggested that PD-L1 exerts impact on cell proliferation, as reflected by the Ki67 index. An independent t test showed that higher Ki67 scores were more frequent among PD-L1-positive patients than in PD-L1-negative patients (t = 2.608 p = 0.014). There was an inverse association between PD-L1 and ER status; ER-positive tumors exhibited negative PD-L1 expression and vice versa (p = 0.04). Furthermore, we investigated the prognostic value of PD-L1 by evaluating the association between PD-L1 and LNs dispersed variably with tumor cells; there was no statistically significant relationship between these factors (p > 0.05). Conclusion The expression of PD-L1 and IRF-1, along with the infiltration of CD8, represents a potent panel of biomarkers with which to identify BC patients with the highest probabilities of achieving an excellent response to immune therapy, particularly when taking ER status into account, as ER expression levels are known to be high when immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) generate a poor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenaz S. Salih
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohammed S. Abdelaziz
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ibtehal M. Abdelhag
- Department of Histopathology & Cytology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Altaf S. Mosad
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
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8
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Logghe T, van Zwol E, Immordino B, Van den Cruys K, Peeters M, Giovannetti E, Bogers J. Hyperthermia in Combination with Emerging Targeted and Immunotherapies as a New Approach in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38339258 PMCID: PMC10854776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in the development of novel therapies, cancer continues to stand as a prominent global cause of death. In many cases, the cornerstone of standard-of-care therapy consists of chemotherapy (CT), radiotherapy (RT), or a combination of both. Notably, hyperthermia (HT), which has been in clinical use in the last four decades, has proven to enhance the effectiveness of CT and RT, owing to its recognized potency as a sensitizer. Furthermore, HT exerts effects on all steps of the cancer-immunity cycle and exerts a significant impact on key oncogenic pathways. Most recently, there has been a noticeable expansion of cancer research related to treatment options involving immunotherapy (IT) and targeted therapy (TT), a trend also visible in the research and development pipelines of pharmaceutical companies. However, the potential results arising from the combination of these innovative therapeutic approaches with HT remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this review aims to explore the oncology pipelines of major pharmaceutical companies, with the primary objective of identifying the principal targets of forthcoming therapies that have the potential to be advantageous for patients by specifically targeting molecular pathways involved in HT. The ultimate goal of this review is to pave the way for future research initiatives and clinical trials that harness the synergy between emerging IT and TT medications when used in conjunction with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Logghe
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Eke van Zwol
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Benoît Immordino
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marc Peeters
- Department of Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bogers
- Elmedix NV, Dellingstraat 34/1, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Yu X, Zhai X, Wu J, Feng Q, Hu C, Zhu L, Zhou Q. Evolving perspectives regarding the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in gastric cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166881. [PMID: 37696462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is an increasing global health problem and is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Traditional therapies, such as radiation and chemotherapy, have made limited progress in enhancing their efficacy for advanced GC. The development of immunotherapy for advanced GC has considerably improved with a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment. Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors is a new therapeutic option that has made substantial advances in the treatment of other malignancies and is increasingly used in other clinical oncology treatments. Particularly, therapeutic antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway have been effectively used in the clinical treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed for cancer immunotherapy to enhance T cell function to restore the immune response and represent a breakthrough in the treatment of GC. This review provides an outline of the progress of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy and its expression characteristics and clinical application in advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, No. 10 Qinyun Nan Street, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Out-patient Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Affiliated Digestive Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center & Lung Cancer Center/Lung Cancer Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Alam MR, Rahman MM, Li Z. The link between intracellular calcium signaling and exosomal PD-L1 in cancer progression and immunotherapy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:321-334. [PMID: 37588227 PMCID: PMC10425812 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles containing microRNA, RNA, DNA fragments, and proteins that are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. Tumor cells release exosomes to reprogram the factors associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) causing tumor metastasis and immune escape. Emerging evidence revealed that cancer cell-derived exosomes carry immune inhibitory molecule program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) that binds with receptor program death protein 1 (PD-1) and promote tumor progression by escaping immune response. Currently, some FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies are clinically used for cancer treatment by blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. Despite notable treatment outcomes, some patients show poor drug response. Exosomal PD-L1 plays a vital role in lowering the treatment response, showing resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy through recapitulating the effect of cell surface PD-L1. To enhance therapeutic response, inhibition of exosomal PD-L1 is required. Calcium signaling is the central regulator of tumorigenesis and can regulate exosome biogenesis and secretion by modulating Rab GTPase family and membrane fusion factors. Immune checkpoints are also connected with calcium signaling and calcium channel blockers like amlodipine, nifedipine, lercanidipine, diltiazem, and verapamil were also reported to suppress cellular PD-L1 expression. Therefore, to enhance the PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy response, the reduction of exosomal PD-L1 secretion from cancer cells is in our therapeutic consideration. In this review, we proposed a therapeutic strategy by targeting calcium signaling to inhibit the expression of PD-L1-containing exosome levels that could reduce the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy resistance and increase the patient's drug response rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rakibul Alam
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6E2H7, Canada
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Minz AP, Mohapatra D, Dutta M, Sethi M, Parida D, Mohapatra AP, Mishra S, Kar S, Sasmal PK, Senapati S. Statins abrogate gemcitabine-induced PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts and cancer cells with improved therapeutic outcome. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4261-4278. [PMID: 37926727 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of chemotherapy with immunotherapy has been proposed to have better clinical outcomes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). On the other hand, chemotherapeutics is known to have certain unwanted effects on the tumor microenvironment that may mask the expected beneficial effects of immunotherapy. Here, we have investigated the effect of gemcitabine (GEM), on two immune checkpoint proteins (PD-L1 and PD-L2) expression in cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Findings of in vitro studies conducted by using in-culture activated mouse pancreatic stellate cells (mPSCs) and human PDAC patients derived CAFs demonstrated that GEM significantly induces PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in these cells. Moreover, GEM induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and production of multiple known PD-L1-inducing secretory proteins including IFN-γ in CAFs. Upregulation of PD-L1 in PSCs/CAFs upon GEM treatment caused T cell inactivation and apoptosis in vitro. Importantly, Statins suppressed GEM-induced PD-L1 expression both in CAFs and PCCs while abrogating the inactivation of T-cells caused by GEM-treated PSCs/CAFs. Finally, in an immunocompetent syngeneic orthotopic mouse pancreatic tumor model, simvastatin and GEM combination therapy significantly reduced intra-tumor PD-L1 expression and noticeably reduced the overall tumor burden and metastasis incidence. Together, the findings of this study have provided experimental evidence that illustrates potential unwanted side effects of GEM that could hamper the effectiveness of this drug as mono and/or combination therapy. At the same time the findings also suggest use of statins along with GEM will help in overcoming these shortcomings and warrant further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliva Prity Minz
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Debasish Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- CV Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Madhuri Dutta
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Manisha Sethi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Deepti Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amlan Priyadarshee Mohapatra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Swayambara Mishra
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Salona Kar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Prakash K Sasmal
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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12
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Nawas AF, Solmonson A, Gao B, DeBerardinis RJ, Minna JD, Conacci-Sorrell M, Mendelson CR. IL-1β mediates the induction of immune checkpoint regulators IDO1 and PD-L1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:331. [PMID: 37985999 PMCID: PMC10658741 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation plays a significant role in various cancers, including lung cancer, where the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is often elevated in the tumor microenvironment. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma show higher levels of serum IL-1β compared to healthy individual. Moreover, IL-1β blockade reduces the incidence and mortality of lung cancer. Our prior studies revealed that alveolar type-II cells, the precursors for lung adenocarcinoma, display an induction in the expression of the enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) during normal lung development. This induction of TDO2 coincides with an increase in IL-1β levels and is likely caused by IL-1β. Given that cancer cells can co-opt developmentally regulated pathways, we hypothesized that IL-1β may exert its pro-tumoral function by stimulating TDO2 and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), parallel enzymes involved in the conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into the immune-suppressive oncometabolite kynurenine (Kyn). Our goal was to determine whether IL-1β is a common upstream regulator of immune checkpoint regulators. METHODS To determine whether IL-1β regulates IDO1, TDO2, PD-L1, and PD-L2, we measured mRNA and protein levels in lung adenocarcinoma cells lines (A549, H1792, H1838, H2347, H2228, HCC364 and HCC827) grown in 2D or 3D and in immortalized normal lung epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT and HSAEC1-KT). To determine the importance of the NFκB pathway in mediating IL-1β -regulated cellular effects, we used siRNA to knockdown RelA/p65 in IL-1β treated cells. The levels of Trp and Kyn in the IL-1β-treated cells and media were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Upon IL-1β stimulation, lung adenocarcinoma cells exhibited significant increases in IDO1 mRNA and protein levels, a response that depended on the NFκB pathway. Interestingly, this induction was more pronounced in 3D spheroid cultures compared to monolayer cultures and was not observed in normal immortalized lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, the conversion of Trp to Kyn increased in cells exposed to IL-1β, aligning with the heightened IDO1 expression. Remarkably, IL-1β also upregulated the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2 in multiple cell lines, indicating that IL-1β triggers parallel immune-suppressive mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that lung adenocarcinoma cells, but not normal immortalized lung epithelial cells, respond to IL-1β signaling by inducing the expression of parallel immune checkpoint proteins that have the potential to promote immune evasion. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Fathima Nawas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Solmonson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Carole R Mendelson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Long S, Huang G, Ouyang M, Xiao K, Zhou H, Hou A, Li Z, Zhong Z, Zhong D, Wang Q, Xiang S, Ding X. Epigenetically modified AP-2α by DNA methyltransferase facilitates glioma immune evasion by upregulating PD-L1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:365. [PMID: 37330579 PMCID: PMC10276877 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) ensures that tumor cells escape T-cell-mediated tumor immune surveillance. However, gliomas are characteristic of the low immune response and high-resistance therapy, it is necessary to understand molecular regulatory mechanisms in glioblastoma, especially the limited regulation of PD-L1 expression. Herein, we show that low expression of AP-2α is correlated with high expression of PD-L1 in high-grade glioma tissues. AP-2α binds directly to the promoter of the CD274 gene, not only inhibits the transcriptional activity of PD-L1 but enhances endocytosis and degradation of PD-L1 proteins. Overexpression of AP-2α in gliomas enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated proliferation, effector cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity in vitro. Tfap2a could increase the cytotoxic effect of Cd8+ T cells in CT26, B16F10, and GL261 tumor-immune models, improve anti-tumor immunity, and promote the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. Finally, the EZH2/H3K27Me3/DNMT1 complex mediates the methylation modification of AP-2α gene and maintains low expression of AP-2α in gliomas. 5-Aza-dC (Decitabine) treatment combines with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy to efficiently suppress the progression of GL261 gliomas. Overall, these data support a mechanism of epigenetic modification of AP-2α that contributes to tumor immune evasion, and reactivation of AP-2α synergizes with anti-PD-1 antibodies to increase antitumor efficacy, which may be a broadly applicable strategy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Long
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Guixiang Huang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Mi Ouyang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Anyi Hou
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhe Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Dongmei Zhong
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Qinghao Wang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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14
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Kashyap D, Rele S, Bagde PH, Saini V, Chatterjee D, Jain AK, Pandey RK, Jha HC. Comprehensive insight into altered host cell-signaling cascades upon Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infections in cancer. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:262. [PMID: 37310490 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by mutagenic events that lead to disrupted cell signaling and cellular functions. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Literature suggests that pathogens, mainly Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), have been associated with the etiology of human cancer. Notably, their co-infection may lead to gastric cancer. Pathogen-mediated DNA damage could be the first and crucial step in the carcinogenesis process that modulates numerous cellular signaling pathways. Altogether, it dysregulates the metabolic pathways linked with cell growth, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Modulation in these pathways leads to abnormal growth and proliferation. Several signaling pathways such RTK, RAS/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, NFκB, JAK/STAT, HIF1α, and Wnt/β-catenin are known to be altered in cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the oncogenic roles of H. pylori, EBV, and its associated signaling cascades in various cancers. Scrutinizing these signaling pathways is crucial and may provide new insights and targets for preventing and treating H. pylori and EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Lab No. POD 1B 602, Infection Bio-Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Samiksha Rele
- Lab No. POD 1B 602, Infection Bio-Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Pranit Hemant Bagde
- Lab No. POD 1B 602, Infection Bio-Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Vaishali Saini
- Lab No. POD 1B 602, Infection Bio-Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | | | | | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Lab No. POD 1B 602, Infection Bio-Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, Indore, India.
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15
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Yi J, Tavana O, Li H, Wang D, Baer RJ, Gu W. Targeting USP2 regulation of VPRBP-mediated degradation of p53 and PD-L1 for cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1941. [PMID: 37024504 PMCID: PMC10079682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since Mdm2 (Mouse double minute 2) inhibitors show serious toxicity in clinic studies, different approaches to achieve therapeutic reactivation of p53-mediated tumor suppression in cancers need to be explored. Here, we identify the USP2 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 2)-VPRBP (viral protein R binding protein) axis as an important pathway for p53 regulation. Like Mdm2, VPRBP is a potent repressor of p53 but VPRBP stability is controlled by USP2. Interestingly, the USP2-VPRBP axis also regulates PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) expression. Strikingly, the combination of a small-molecule USP2 inhibitor and anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody leads to complete regression of the tumors expressing wild-type p53. In contrast to Mdm2, knockout of Usp2 in mice has no obvious effect in normal tissues. Moreover, no obvious toxicity is observed upon the USP2 inhibitor treatment in vivo as Mdm2-mediated regulation of p53 remains intact. Our study reveals a promising strategy for p53-based therapy by circumventing the toxicity issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Yi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Donglai Wang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Baer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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16
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Xie Y, Ding J, Gao J, Zhang J, Cen S, Zhou J. Triptolide reduces PD-L1 through the EGFR and IFN-γ/IRF1 dual signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:109993. [PMID: 36931170 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
As the principal ligand of programmed death 1 (PD-1), PD-L1 can induce the exhaustion of effector T cells and the escape of cancer cells through interacting with PD-1 in many solid malignancies. Therefore, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has become an attractive strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, at present, no small-molecule agents targeting PD1/PD-L1 pathways have been successfully used in clinical applications. Here, we first found that the natural product Triptolide could significantly reduce the PD-L1 expression on the surface of NSCLC cells. This down-regulation is related to the activity of EGFR signaling pathway. Moreover, the reduction of PD-L1 caused by Triptolide could be substantially rescued by IFN-γ. Furthermore, our findings suggest that Triptolide significantly inhibits the activity of the IFN-γ-JAK-STAT-IRF1 signaling axis, as evidenced by the noticeable reduction in both basal and phosphorylated levels of STAT3. Thus, in NSCLC cells, Triptolide reduces PD-L1 expression both through the EGFR and IFN-γ/JAK1/JAK2/STAT1/STAT3/IRF1 signaling pathways. The results provide new insights into the application of Triptolide in the immune checkpoints treatment of NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jieke Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China.
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17
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Biocondensates fuel tumor immune evasion. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:312-314. [PMID: 36894638 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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18
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Li Z, Kim H, Kim J, Park JH. EP400NL is involved in PD-L1 gene activation by forming a transcriptional coactivator complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194889. [PMID: 36328277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
EP400 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzyme that regulates DNA double-strand break repair and transcription, including cMyc-dependent gene expression. We previously showed that the N-terminal domain of EP400 increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against cancer cells. As the EP400 N-terminal-Like (EP400NL) gene resides next to the EP400 gene locus, this prompted us to investigate whether EP400NL plays a similar role in transcriptional regulation to the full-length EP400 protein. We found that EP400NL forms a human NuA4-like chromatin remodelling complex that lacks both the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase and EP400 ATPase. However, this EP400NL complex displays H2A.Z deposition activity on a chromatin template comparable to the human NuA4 complex, suggesting another associated ATPase such as BRG1 or RuvBL1/RuvBL2 catalyses the reaction. We demonstrated that the transcriptional coactivator function of EP400NL is required for serum and IFNγ-induced PD-L1 gene activation. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicates that EP400NL contributes to cMyc-responsive mitochondrial biogenesis. Taken together, our studies show that EP400NL plays a role as a transcription coactivator of PD-L1 gene regulation and provides a potential target to modulate cMyc functions in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Li
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hyoungmin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Hyeon Park
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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19
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Owaki R, Deguchi T, Konnai S, Maekawa N, Okagawa T, Hosoya K, Kim S, Sunaga T, Okumura M. Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in canine tumour cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:279-290. [PMID: 36802270 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumour cells provides an immune evasion mechanism by inducing suppression of cytotoxic T cells. Various regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression have been described in human tumours, however, little is known in canine tumours. To investigate whether inflammatory signalling is involved in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours, the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α treatment were examined in canine malignant melanoma cell lines (CMeC and LMeC) and an osteosarcoma cell line (HMPOS). The protein level of PD-L1 expression was upregulated by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation. Upon IFN-γ stimulation, all cell lines showed an increase in expression of PD-L1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3 and genes regulated by STAT activation. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of a JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib. Contrastingly, upon TNF-α stimulation, all cell lines exhibited higher gene expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene RELA and genes regulated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression of PD-L1 was upregulated in LMeC only. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. The expression level of cell surface PD-L1 induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment was reduced by oclacitinib and BAY 11-7082, respectively, indicating that upregulation of PD-L1 expression by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation is regulated via the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling pathways, respectively. These results provide insights into the role of inflammatory signalling in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Owaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Deguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sunaga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Selective Transcription Factor Blockade Reduces Human Retinal Endothelial Cell Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Leukocyte Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043304. [PMID: 36834715 PMCID: PMC9967456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukocytes and cytokine-activated retinal endothelium is an initiating step in non-infectious uveitis involving the posterior eye, mediated by cell adhesion molecules. However, because cell adhesion molecules are required for immune surveillance, therapeutic interventions would ideally be employed indirectly. Using 28 primary human retinal endothelial cell isolates, this study sought to identify transcription factor targets for reducing levels of the key retinal endothelial cell adhesion molecule, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and limiting leukocyte binding to the retinal endothelium. Five candidate transcription factors-C2CD4B, EGR3, FOSB, IRF1, and JUNB-were identified by differential expression analysis of a transcriptome generated from IL-1β- or TNF-α-stimulated human retinal endothelial cells, interpreted in the context of the published literature. Further filtering involved molecular studies: of the five candidates, C2CD4B and IRF1 consistently demonstrated extended induction in IL-1β- or TNF-α-activated retinal endothelial cells and demonstrated a significant decrease in both ICAM-1 transcript and ICAM-1 membrane-bound protein expression by cytokine-activated retinal endothelial cells following treatment with small interfering RNA. RNA interference of C2CD4B or IRF1 significantly reduced leukocyte binding in a majority of human retinal endothelial cell isolates stimulated by IL-1β or TNF-α. Our observations suggest that the transcription factors C2CD4B and IRF1 may be potential drug targets for limiting leukocyte-retinal endothelial cell interactions in non-infectious uveitis involving the posterior eye.
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21
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Kim B, Kim KM. Role of Exosomes and Their Potential as Biomarkers in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020469. [PMID: 36672418 PMCID: PMC9856651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm and comprising many cellular components, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, encapsulated in a lipid bilayer. Exosomes are secreted by many cell types and play important roles in intercellular communication in cancer. Viruses can hijack the exosomal pathway to regulate viral propagation, cellular immunity, and the microenvironment. Cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), one of the most common oncogenic viruses, have also been found to actively secrete exosomes, and studies on their roles in EBV-related malignancies are ongoing. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes in EBV-associated gastric cancer and their clinical applicability in diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binnari Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Center of Companion Diagnostics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2807; Fax: +82-2-3410-6396
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22
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Li W, Duan X, Chen X, Zhan M, Peng H, Meng Y, Li X, Li XY, Pang G, Dou X. Immunotherapeutic approaches in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1079515. [PMID: 36713430 PMCID: PMC9875085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first tumor virus in humans. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) accounts for approximately 60% of the 200,000 new tumor cases caused by EBV infection worldwide each year. NPC has an insidious onset and is highly malignant, with more than 70% of patients having intermediate to advanced disease at the time of initial diagnosis, and is strongly implicated in epithelial cancers as well as malignant lymphoid and natural killer/T cell lymphomas. Over 90% of patients with confirmed undifferentiated NPC are infected with EBV. In recent decades, much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of NPC and developing therapeutic approaches. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatment options for NPC; however, they have a limited efficacy in patients with locally advanced or distant metastatic tumors. Tumor immunotherapy, including vaccination, adoptive cell therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade, represents a promising therapeutic approach for NPC. Significant breakthroughs have recently been made in the application of immunotherapy for patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC (RM-NPC), indicating a broad prospect for NPC immunotherapy. Here, we review important research findings regarding immunotherapy for NPC patients and provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaobing Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Haichuan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,Department of R&D, OriCell Therapeutics Co. Ltd, Pudong, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohui Dou, ; Guofu Pang, ; Xian-Yang Li,
| | - Guofu Pang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohui Dou, ; Guofu Pang, ; Xian-Yang Li,
| | - Xiaohui Dou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,Health Management Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohui Dou, ; Guofu Pang, ; Xian-Yang Li,
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23
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Karizak AZ, Salmasi Z, Gheibihayat SM, Asadi M, Ghasemi Y, Tajbakhsh A, Savardashtaki A. Understanding the regulation of "Don't Eat-Me" signals by inflammatory signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment for more effective therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:511-529. [PMID: 36342520 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptor/ligand pair immune checkpoints are inhibitors that regulate immunity as vital "Don't Find-Me" signals to the adaptive immune system, additionally, the essential goals of anti-cancer therapy. Moreover, the immune checkpoints are involved in treatment resistance in cancer therapy. The immune checkpoints as a signal from "self" and their expression on healthy cells prevent phagocytosis. Cells (e.g., senescent and/or apoptotic cells) with low immune checkpoints, such as low CD47 and/or PD-L1, are phagocytosed, which is necessary for tissue integrity and homeostasis maintenance. In other words, cancer cells induce increased CD47 expression in the tumor microenvironment (TME), avoiding their clearance by immune cells. PD-L1 and/or CD47 expression tumors have also been employed as biomarkers to guide cure prospects. Thus, targeting innate and adaptive immune checkpoints might improve the influence of the treatments on tumor cells. However, the CD47 regulation in the TME stands intricate, so much of this process has stayed a riddle. In this line, less attention has been paid to cytokines in TME. Cytokines are significant regulators of tumor immune surveillance, and they do this by controlling the actions of the immune cell. Recently, it has been suggested that different types of cytokines at TME might cooperate with others that contribute to the regulation of CD47 and/or PD-L1. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were searched in available databases and a Web Search engine (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) using related keywords in the title, abstract, and keywords. CONCLUSION Given the significant role of pro/anti-inflammatory signaling in the TME, we discuss the present understanding of pro/anti-inflammatory signaling implications in "Don't Eat-Me" regulation signals, particularly CD47, in the pathophysiology of cancers and come up with innovative opinions for the clinical transformation and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Zare Karizak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Marzieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71362 81407, Iran. .,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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24
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Zhou H, Jing S, Liu Y, Wang X, Duan X, Xiong W, Li R, Peng Y, Ai Y, Fu D, Wang H, Zhu Y, Zeng Z, He Y, Ye Q. Identifying the key genes of Epstein-Barr virus-regulated tumour immune microenvironment of gastric carcinomas. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13373. [PMID: 36519208 PMCID: PMC9977676 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer (GC) upon infection of normal cell and induces a highly variable composition of the tumour microenvironment (TME). However, systematic bioinformatics analysis of key genes associated with EBV regulation of immune infiltration is still lacking. In the present study, the TCGA and GEO databases were recruited to analyse the association between EBV infection and the profile of immune infiltration in GC. The weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) was applied to shed light on the key gene modules associated with EBV-associated immune infiltration in GC. 204 GC tissues were used to analysed the expression of key hub genes by using the immunohistochemical method. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the association between the expression of EBV latent/lytic genes and key immune infiltration genes. Our results suggested that EBV infection changed the TME of GC mainly regulates the TIICs. The top three hub genes of blue (GBP1, IRF1, and LAP3) and brown (BIN2, ITGAL, and LILRB1) modules as representative genes were associated with EBV infection and GC immune infiltration. Furthermore, EBV-encoded LMP1 expression is account for the overexpression of GBP1 and IRF1. EBV infection significantly changes the TME of GC, and the activation of key immune genes was more dependent on the invasiveness of the whole EBV virion instead of single EBV latent/lytic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of StomatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shuili Jing
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of StomatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Institute of Biology and MedicineWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xuming Wang
- Department of PathologyGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Xingxiang Duan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of StomatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of StomatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ruohan Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of StomatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Youjian Peng
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of StomatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yilong Ai
- Foshan Hospital of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Foshan UniversityFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yaoqi Zhu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational MedicineTianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina,Department of oral and maxillofacial surgeryHospital of Taikang Tongji (Wuhan)WuhanChina
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of PathologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational MedicineTianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina,Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of StomatologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina,Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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25
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Chen L, Deng J. Role of non-coding RNA in immune microenvironment and anticancer therapy of gastric cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1703-1719. [PMID: 36329206 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains one of the cancers with the highest mortality in the world; therefore, it is very important to investigate its pathogenesis to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Recently, noncoding RNAs have become a research hotspot in the field of oncology. These RNA molecules play complex roles in the regulation of tumor cells, immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, studying their ability to regulate the gastric cancer immune microenvironment will provide us with a better perspective to understand their potential role in anticancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the regulatory effects of several common noncoding RNAs on the immune microenvironment of gastric cancer and their prospects in anticancer therapy to provide some novel insight into the identification of valuable diagnostic markers and improving the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Deng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Dorai S, Alex Anand D. Differentially Expressed Cell Cycle Genes and STAT1/3-Driven Multiple Cancer Entanglement in Psoriasis, Coupled with Other Comorbidities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233867. [PMID: 36497125 PMCID: PMC9740537 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a persistent T-cell-supported inflammatory cutaneous disorder, which is defined by a significant expansion of basal cells in the epidermis. Cell cycle and STAT genes that control cell cycle progression and viral infection have been revealed to be comorbid with the development of certain cancers and other disorders, due to their abnormal or scanty expression. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of certain cell cycle and STAT1/3 genes in psoriasis patients and to determine the types of comorbidities associated with these genes. To do so, we opted to adopt the in silico methodology, since it is a quick and easy way to discover any potential comorbidity risks that may exist in psoriasis patients. With the genes collected from early research groups, protein networks were created in this work using the NetworkAnalyst program. The crucial hub genes were identified by setting the degree parameter, and they were then used in gene ontology and pathway assessments. The transcription factors that control the hub genes were detected by exploring TRRUST, and DGIdb was probed for remedies that target transcription factors and hubs. Using the degree filter, the first protein subnetwork produced seven hub genes, including STAT3, CCNB1, STAT1, CCND1, CDC20, HSPA4, and MAD2L1. The hub genes were shown to be implicated in cell cycle pathways by the gene ontology and Reactome annotations. The former four hubs were found in signaling pathways, including prolactin, FoxO, JAK/STAT, and p53, according to the KEGG annotation. Furthermore, they enhanced several malignancies, including pancreatic cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia. Viral infections, including measles, hepatitis C, Epstein-Barr virus, and HTLV-1 and viral carcinogenesis were among the other susceptible diseases. Diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease were conjointly annotated. In total, 129 medicines were discovered in DGIdb to be effective against the transcription factors BRCA1, RELA, TP53, and MYC, as opposed to 10 medications against the hubs, STAT3 and CCND1, in tandem with 8 common medicines. The study suggests that the annotated medications should be tested in suitable psoriatic cell lines and animal models to optimize the drugs used based on the kind, severity, and related comorbidities of psoriasis. Furthermore, a personalized medicine protocol must be designed for each psoriasis patient that displays different comorbidities.
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27
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Onorati A, Havas AP, Lin B, Rajagopal J, Sen P, Adams PD, Dou Z. Upregulation of PD-L1 in Senescence and Aging. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0017122. [PMID: 36154662 PMCID: PMC9583718 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00171-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable form of cell cycle arrest associated with proinflammatory responses. Senescent cells can be cleared by the immune system as a part of normal tissue homeostasis. However, senescent cells can also accumulate in aged and diseased tissues, contributing to inflammation and disease progression. The mechanisms mediating the impaired immune-mediated clearance of senescent cells are poorly understood. Here, we report that senescent cells upregulate the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1, the ligand for PD-1 on immune cells, which drives immune cell inactivation. The induction of PD-L1 in senescence is dependent on the proinflammatory program. Furthermore, the secreted factors released by senescent cells are sufficient to upregulate PD-L1 in nonsenescent control cells, mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway. In addition, we show that prolongevity intervention rapamycin downregulates PD-L1 in senescent cells. Last, we found that PD-L1 is upregulated in several tissues in naturally aged mice and in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Together, our results report that senescence and aging are associated with upregulation of a major immune checkpoint molecule, PD-L1. Targeting PD-L1 may offer new therapeutic opportunities in treating senescence and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Onorati
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron P. Havas
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Payel Sen
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhixun Dou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Kinzler MN, Schulze F, Gretser S, Abedin N, Trojan J, Zeuzem S, Schnitzbauer AA, Walter D, Wild PJ, Bankov K. Expression of MUC16/CA125 Is Associated with Impaired Survival in Patients with Surgically Resected Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194703. [PMID: 36230626 PMCID: PMC9563928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC16/CA125 is associated with cancer proliferation in several tumor entities. The data on MUC16 expression in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) tissue are very limited. The aim of this study was to assess the MUC16 status and its impact on survival in CCA patients. All the patients with surgically resected CCA that were diagnosed between August 2005 and December 2021 at the University Hospital Frankfurt were retrospectively analyzed. A 7-Mucin biomarker panel was assessed by immunohistochemistry. For overall survival (OS), Kaplan−Meier curves and Cox-regression analyses were performed. Randomly selected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) were further processed for differential expression profiling. A total of 168 patients with CCA were classified as MUC16 (−) (66%, n = 111) and MUC16 (+) (34%, n = 57). Subgroup analyses revealed a median OS of 56.1 months (95% CI = 42.4−69.9 months) and 27.4 months (95% CI = 15.8−39.1 months) for MUC16 (−) and MUC16 (+), respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, MUC16 (+) (HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1−2.6, p = 0.032) was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. Prominently deregulated pathways have been identified following MUC16 expression, overrepresented in cell cycle and immune system exhaustion processes. These findings suggest including MUC16 in clinical routine diagnostics as well as studying its molecular pathways to identify further mechanistic key players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian N. Kinzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-5297
| | - Falko Schulze
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Steffen Gretser
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nada Abedin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas A. Schnitzbauer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter J. Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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29
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Sung JY, Kim JH, Kang HG, Park JW, Park SY, Park BK, Kim YN. ICSBP-induced PD-L1 enhances osteosarcoma cell growth. Front Oncol 2022; 12:918216. [PMID: 36249036 PMCID: PMC9555079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.918216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInterferon (IFN) consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) is a transcription factor induced by IFN-γ. We previously reported that ICSBP expression promotes osteosarcoma progression by enhancing transforming growth factor-β signaling. In cancer cells, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) contributes to immune escape and may also be involved in tumor progression. Because IFN-γ induces the expression of both ICSBP and PD-L1, we explored the association between ICSBP and PD-L1 expression in terms of osteosarcoma progression.MethodsThree osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos2, U2OS, and 143B) were employed. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, and protein levels were assessed by immunoblotting. PD-L1 expression was evaluated in cells overexpressing ICSBP and in ICSBP knockdown cells. The effects of PD-L1 expression on cell growth were examined by MTS assays, Incucyte analysis, soft agar assays, and three-dimensional (3D) culture. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by FACS analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V/PI, respectively. The antitumor effects of PD-L1 knockdown without or with doxorubicin treatment were evaluated in vivo in nude mice bearing ICSBP-overexpressing 143B cell xenograft. The clinical relevance of PD-L1 and ICSBP expression was evaluated immunohistochemically using a human osteosarcoma microarray and through analysis of publicly available data using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis2.ResultsICSBP overexpression upregulated PD-L1 expression in all three cell lines, whereas ICSBP knockdown decreased the PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 knockdown attenuated the cell growth and reduced colony-forming capacity in both soft agar assays and 3D culture. PD-L1 knockdown increased apoptosis and induced G2/M arrest, which was associated with decreased expression of survivin, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclin E, and cyclin D1 expression and increased the expression of p27, phosphorylated Cdc2, and phosphorylated Wee1. PD-L1 knockdown decreased the growth of tumor xenografts and increased the doxorubicin sensitivity of ICSBP-overexpressing 143B cells both in vitro and in vivo. PD-L1 was expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues, and its expression was moderately correlated with that of ICSBP in osteosarcoma patients.ConclusionICSBP regulates PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma cells, and PD-L1 knockdown combined with doxorubicin treatment could represent a strategy for controlling osteosarcoma expressing ICSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Sung
- Metastasis Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - June Hyuk Kim
- Orthopedic Oncology Clinic, Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Guy Kang
- Orthopedic Oncology Clinic, Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jong Woong Park
- Orthopedic Oncology Clinic, Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seog-Yun Park
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kiu Park
- Center for Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Nyun Kim, ; Byung-Kiu Park,
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Metastasis Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Nyun Kim, ; Byung-Kiu Park,
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30
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Shi C, Qin K, Lin A, Jiang A, Cheng Q, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P. The role of DNA damage repair (DDR) system in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:268. [PMID: 36071479 PMCID: PMC9450390 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer treatment has increased, a growing number of studies demonstrate pathways through which DNA damage repair (DDR) affects the immune system. At the same time, the varied response of patients to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has prompted the discovery of various predictive biomarkers and the study of combination therapy. Here, our investigation explores the interactions involved in combination therapy, accompanied by a review that summarizes currently identified and promising predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that are useful for classifying oncology patients. In addition, this work, which discusses immunogenicity and several components of the tumor immune microenvironment, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which higher response rates and improved efficacy of DDR inhibitors (DDRi) in combination with ICIs are achieved.
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31
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Jiang J, Ying H. Revealing the crosstalk between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:244. [PMID: 35964134 PMCID: PMC9375932 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) arises from the epithelial cells located in the nasopharynx and has a distinct geographic distribution. Chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, as its most common causative agents, can be detected in 100% of NPC types. In-depth studies of the cellular and molecular events leading to immunosuppression in NPC have revealed new therapeutic targets and diverse combinations that promise to benefit patients with highly refractory, advanced and metastatic NPC. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which NPC cells to circumvent immune surveillance and approaches being attempted to restore immunity. We integrate existing insights into anti-NPC immunity and molecular signaling pathways as well as targeting therapies in anticipation of broader applicability and effectiveness in advanced metastatic NPC.
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Liu B, Yan S, Li S, Zhang Q, Yang M, Yang L, Ma J, Li X. Correlation Study of PD-L1, CD4, CD8, and PD-1 in Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 239:154008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ni Y, Low JT, Silke J, O'Reilly LA. Digesting the Role of JAK-STAT and Cytokine Signaling in Oral and Gastric Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835997. [PMID: 35844493 PMCID: PMC9277720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When small proteins such as cytokines bind to their associated receptors on the plasma membrane, they can activate multiple internal signaling cascades allowing information from one cell to affect another. Frequently the signaling cascade leads to a change in gene expression that can affect cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) are the pivotal mechanisms employed for such communication. When deregulated, the JAK-STAT and the TNF receptor signaling pathways can induce chronic inflammatory phenotypes by promoting more cytokine production. Furthermore, these signaling pathways can promote replication, survival and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will summarize the essentials of the JAK/STAT and TNF signaling pathways and their regulation and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The consequences of dysregulation, as ascertained from founding work in haematopoietic malignancies to more recent research in solid oral-gastrointestinal cancers, will also be discussed. Finally, this review will highlight the development and future of therapeutic applications which modulate the JAK-STAT or the TNF signaling pathways in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun T Low
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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34
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Zhang WT, Zhu GL, Xu WQ, Zhang W, Wang HZ, Wang YB, Li YX. Association of PD-1/PD-L1 expression and Epstein--Barr virus infection in patients with invasive breast cancer. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:61. [PMID: 35842661 PMCID: PMC9287995 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Causative factors of breast cancer include infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological features of EBV-positive (IBC) and determine if EBV affects programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1)/PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in IBC, similar to other EBV-infected tumors with PD-L1/PD-1 expression. METHODS We collected 140 samples of IBC tissues and 25 samples of adjacent tissues. All patients were followed-up by telephone from the day of surgery to December 2020. Chromogenic in-situ hybridization was performed to evaluate EBV-encoded RNA (EBER). Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate PD-L1 and PD-1 expressions. The correlation between PD1/PDL1 expression and clinicopathological features was also analyzed. RESULTS EBER was detected in 57 of 140 (40.7%) IBC tissues and not detected in any adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). Clinicopathologic features of patients were consistent with EBV-associated IBC. EBV infection was correlated with the mass size, menopausal status, axillary lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, Ki-67 index, clinical stage, and estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expressions (all P < 0.05), but not with the histological type, invasive ductal carcinoma histological grade, or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (all P > 0.05). The positive rate of PD-1/PD-L1 expression was higher in the EBV-positive group than in the EBV-negative group (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier univariate survival analysis showed that EBV was associated with poor disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with IBC. PD-L1/PD-1 expression could predict a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS In this study, clinicopathologic characteristics of patients were consistent with EBV-infected IBC. Patients with EBV-positive breast cancer were more likely to have elevated PD-1/PDL-1 expression compared to those with EBV-negative breast cancer. This finding could serve as a basis to explore therapeutic targets, particularly immunotherapy, for patients with IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Gui-Lu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Wu-Qin Xu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ya-Bing Wang
- Breast Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, China.
| | - Yong-Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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35
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Numata Y, Akutsu N, Ishigami K, Koide H, Wagatsuma K, Motoya M, Sasaki S, Nakase H. Synergistic effect of IFN-γ and IL-1β on PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 30:101270. [PMID: 35573813 PMCID: PMC9095738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using anti-programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies has shown clinical efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is recognized as the first-line treatment for unresectable HCC. PD-L1 expression is affected by various cytokines produced by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment; however, there is limited information about the effects of cytokine interactions on PD-L1 expression. In this study, we examined how cytokines induce PD-L1 expression in HCC cells. Both interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) induced PD-L1 expression, and the two cytokines enhanced PD-L1 expression in combination compared to that when administered alone. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway activated by IFN-γ is the major pathway of PD-L1 expression. The increase in interferon regulatory factor 1 expression and IFN-γ receptor expression induced by IL-1β was associated with the synergistic effect of IFN-γ and IL-1β on PD-L1 expression. These findings strongly indicate that IFN-γ and IL-1β affect the mechanism underlying immune resistance in HCC cells. IFN-γ and IL-1β synergistically increase the expression of PD-L1 in HCC cells. IFN-γ enhances PD-L1 expression via STAT1 signaling. IL-1β enhances PD-L1 expression via the NF-κB and the p38 MAPK pathways. IRF-1 and IFNGR also contribute to the synergistic effect of IFN-γ and IL-1β in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noriyuki Akutsu
- Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan.
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36
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Li Y, Ji H, Gao X. A 2-Gene Signature Related to Interferon-Gamma Predicts Prognosis and Responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Blockade of Glioma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:846847. [PMID: 35492352 PMCID: PMC9051065 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.846847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGliomas represent the most common and aggressive brain malignancy. Interferon-gamma (IFNG) is a potent inducer of immune response, developing IFNG-related gene signature may promote the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.MethodsBulk tumor and single-cell mRNA-seq datasets of glioma ranging from WHO grade II to IV with corresponding demographics were included. Multiple bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms were performed to develop an IFNG-related prognostic signature and evaluate immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy response.ResultsIFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were used as concise IFNG-related gene signature based on which the IFNGR score well-characterized the IFNG response in the glioma microenvironment. Increased IFNGR score was associated with clinicopathological parameters relating to tumor malignancy and prevailing molecular pathological markers. Notably, K-M and Cox regression analysis found that the IFNGR score was an effective prognostic biomarker, and was associated with tumor relapse for a subset of patients. Notably, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 were preferentially expressed by the Mono/Macro cells in the glioma microenvironment and were significantly correlated with M2 macrophage. Thus, the IFNGR score-high group had increased expression of immune checkpoints and had the potential to predict ICB responsiveness.ConclusionIn conclusion, we have developed a concise IFNG-related gene signature of clinical significance, which may improve the current diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhe Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhe Li
| | - Hang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Dai W, Zhang J, Li S, He F, Liu Q, Gong J, Yang Z, Gong Y, Tang F, Wang Z, Xie C. Protein Arginine Methylation: An Emerging Modification in Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865964. [PMID: 35493527 PMCID: PMC9046588 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have emerged as new members of a gene expression regulator family in eukaryotes, and are associated with cancer pathogenesis and progression. Cancer immunotherapy has significantly improved cancer treatment in terms of overall survival and quality of life. Protein arginine methylation is an epigenetic modification function not only in transcription, RNA processing, and signal transduction cascades, but also in many cancer-immunity cycle processes. Arginine methylation is involved in the activation of anti-cancer immunity and the regulation of immunotherapy efficacy. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date information on regulatory molecular mechanisms and different underlying arginine methylation signaling pathways in innate and adaptive immune responses during cancer. We also outline the potential of PRMT-inhibitors as effective combinatorial treatments with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Dai
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fajian He
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zetian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Tang, ; Conghua Xie, ; Zhihao Wang, ;
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Tang, ; Conghua Xie, ; Zhihao Wang, ;
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Tang, ; Conghua Xie, ; Zhihao Wang, ;
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Kong SK, Kim BS, Lim H, Kim HJ, Kim YS. Dissection of PD-L1 promoter reveals differential transcriptional regulation of PD-L1 in VHL mutant clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:352-362. [PMID: 34789838 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is constitutively expressed by hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α). It can be induced by interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Clinical trials of metastatic ccRCCs have suggested that a canonical IFNγ signature is a better biomarker for therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) than PD-L1 expression levels in tumor cells. To understand the therapeutic response to ICIs according to PD-L1 expression levels, we analyzed transcriptional regulation of the PD-L1 promoter by HIF2α and IFNγ-inducible interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in ccRCC cells. Here, we present two ccRCC cell models showing differential PD-L1 expression levels in response to IFNγ and hypoxia. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-sequencing data revealed that PD-L1 expression correlated with JAK2 and STAT1 expression of the canonical IFNγ signature in ccRCC tissues. Upon IFNγ stimulation, PD-L1 was induced by sequential activation of JAK2/STAT1/IRF-1 signaling in both WT- and Mut- VHL ccRCC cells. IFNγ activated the IRF-1α site of the PD-L1 promoter. The IFNγ-mediated increase of PD-L1 expression in Mut-VHL cells was 4.8-fold greater than that in WT-VHL cells. Under normoxia condition, PD-L1 expression in Mut-VHL cells was significantly higher than that in WT-VHL cells due to high basal HIF2α expression. Under hypoxia condition, PD-L1 expression in WT-VHL cells was induced up to 1.8-fold through activation of hypoxia-response elements 2 and 3. In contrast, although PD-L1 in Mut-VHL cells was already highly expressed in the basal state through activation of hypoxia-response elements 2, 3, and 4, it was no longer induced by hypoxia. In conclusion, Mut-VHL ccRCC cells displayed higher PD-L1 expression due to high basal HIF2α expression and a stronger response to IFNγ stimulation than WT-VHL cells. The fact that HIF2α antagonists can potentially reduce PD-L1 expression levels should be considered in ICI combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kang Kong
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangsoon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
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Bonam SR, Chauvin C, Mathew MJ, Bayry J. IFN-γ Induces PD-L1 Expression in Primed Human Basophils. Cells 2022; 11:801. [PMID: 35269423 PMCID: PMC8909048 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a key role in maintaining immune tolerance and also in immune evasion of cancers and pathogens. Though the identity of stimuli that induce PD-L1 in various human innate cells and their function are relatively well studied, data on the basophils remain scarce. In this study, we have identified one of the factors, such as IFN-γ, that induces PD-L1 expression in human basophils. Interestingly, we found that basophil priming by IL-3 is indispensable for IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in human basophils. However, priming by other cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was dispensable. Analyses of a published microarray data set on IL-3-treated basophils indicated that IL-3 enhances IFNGR2, one of the chains of the IFNGR heterodimer complex, and CD274, thus providing a mechanistic insight into the role of IL-3 priming in IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in human basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (S.R.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Camille Chauvin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (S.R.B.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (S.R.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678623, India
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Elevated Baseline Serum PD-L1 Level May Predict Poor Outcomes from Breast Cancer in African-American and Hispanic Women. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020283. [PMID: 35053979 PMCID: PMC8779890 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 has shown clinical efficacy in treating metastatic breast cancer. We investigated the clinical significance of measuring serum PD-L1 levels in African-American and Hispanic women with breast cancer. Methods: PD-L1 levels were measured with the ELISA method from the serum samples of 244 African-Americans and Hispanics with breast cancer and 155 women without cancers. The levels of INFα2 and TNFα were measured with a Luminex multiplex assay. The protein levels of pAkt and CD44/CD24 in tumor cells were tested with immunohistochemistry analysis. Cox regression was used to assess the predicting role of serum PD-L1 for disease-free survival (DFS). Results: PD-L1 levels were significantly elevated in breast cancer cases compared to non-cancer cases. The high PD-L1 levels were associated with HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer. PD-L1 level independently predicted DFS in both African-American and Hispanic women. The evaluated PD-L1 level was found to be associated with high IFNα2 and TNFα in breast cancer patients. Conclusions: PD-L1 serum levels can predict DFS in African American and Hispanic women with breast cancer. Furthermore, a high level of PD-L1 is more likely to be associated with tumor loss PTEN and the activation of Akt or with breast cancer cells expressing CD44high/CD24low. Further validation studies are needed to determine if PD-L1 could serve as a biomarker for patient selection for anti-PD-L1 therapy and assess treatment outcomes.
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Chakravorty S, Afzali B, Kazemian M. EBV-associated diseases: Current therapeutics and emerging technologies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059133. [PMID: 36389670 PMCID: PMC9647127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV is a prevalent virus, infecting >90% of the world's population. This is an oncogenic virus that causes ~200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. It is, in addition, a significant contributor to the burden of autoimmune diseases. Thus, EBV represents a significant public health burden. Upon infection, EBV remains dormant in host cells for long periods of time. However, the presence or episodic reactivation of the virus increases the risk of transforming healthy cells to malignant cells that routinely escape host immune surveillance or of producing pathogenic autoantibodies. Cancers caused by EBV display distinct molecular behaviors compared to those of the same tissue type that are not caused by EBV, presenting opportunities for targeted treatments. Despite some encouraging results from exploration of vaccines, antiviral agents and immune- and cell-based treatments, the efficacy and safety of most therapeutics remain unclear. Here, we provide an up-to-date review focusing on underlying immune and environmental mechanisms, current therapeutics and vaccines, animal models and emerging technologies to study EBV-associated diseases that may help provide insights for the development of novel effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Chakravorty
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN, United States
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Ji H, Ba Y, Ma S, Hou K, Mi S, Gao X, Jin J, Gong Q, Liu T, Wang F, Liu Z, Li S, Du J, Hu S. Construction of Interferon-Gamma-Related Gene Signature to Characterize the Immune-Inflamed Phenotype of Glioblastoma and Predict Prognosis, Efficacy of Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729359. [PMID: 34566988 PMCID: PMC8461254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) has profound impacts on tumor-immune interaction and is of great clinical significance for multiple cancers. Exploring the role of IFNG in glioblastoma (GBM) may optimize the current treatment paradigm of this disease. Here, multi-dimensional data of 429 GBM samples were collected. Various bioinformatics algorithms were employed to establish a gene signature that characterizes immunological features, genomic alterations, and clinical characteristics associated with the IFNG response. In this way, a novel IFNG-related gene signature (IFNGrGS, including TGFBI, IL4I1, ACP5, and LUM) has been constructed and validated. Samples with increased IFNGrGS scores were characterized by increased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and exuberant innate immune responses, while the activated adaptive immune response may be frustrated by multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms. Notably, the IFNG pathway as well as its antagonistic pathways including IL4, IL10, TGF-beta, and VEGF converged on the expression of immune checkpoints. Besides, gene mutations involved in the microenvironment were associated with the IFNGrGS-based stratification, where the heterogeneous prognostic significance of EGFR mutation may be related to the different degrees of IFNG response. Moreover, the IFNGrGS score had solid prognostic value and the potential to screen ICB and radiotherapy sensitive populations. Collectively, our study provided insights into the role of IFNG on the GBM immune microenvironment and offered feasible information for optimizing the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yixu Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kuiyuan Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Mi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University (DAQING), Daqing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianyang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoshan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Luna-Yolba R, Marmoiton J, Gigo V, Marechal X, Boet E, Sahal A, Alet N, Abramovich I, Gottlieb E, Visentin V, Paillasse MR, Sarry JE. Disrupting Mitochondrial Electron Transfer Chain Complex I Decreases Immune Checkpoints in Murine and Human Acute Myeloid Leukemic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3499. [PMID: 34298712 PMCID: PMC8306173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism is crucial for leukemic stem cell (LSC) function and drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mitochondrial metabolism also affects the immune system and therefore the anti-tumor response. The modulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS) has emerged as a promising approach to improve the therapy outcome for AML patients. However, the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on the immune compartment in the context of AML is yet to be explored. Immune checkpoints such as ectonucleotidase CD39 and programmed dead ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been reported to be expressed in AML and linked to chemo-resistance and a poor prognosis. In the present study, we first demonstrated that a novel selective electron transfer chain complex (ETC) I inhibitor, EVT-701, decreased the OxPHOS metabolism of murine and human cytarabine (AraC)-resistant leukemic cell lines. Furthermore, we showed that while AraC induced an immune response regulation by increasing CD39 expression and by reinforcing the interferon-γ/PD-L1 axis, EVT-701 reduced CD39 and PD-L1 expression in vitro in a panel of both murine and human AML cell lines, especially upon AraC treatment. Altogether, this work uncovers a non-canonical function of ETCI in controlling CD39 and PD-L1 immune checkpoints, thereby improving the anti-tumor response in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Luna-Yolba
- EVOTEC, Campus Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France; (R.L.-Y.); (J.M.); (V.G.); (X.M.); (N.A.); (V.V.)
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, 31100 Toulouse, France; (E.B.); (A.S.)
- LabEx Toucan, 31100 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Marmoiton
- EVOTEC, Campus Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France; (R.L.-Y.); (J.M.); (V.G.); (X.M.); (N.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Véronique Gigo
- EVOTEC, Campus Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France; (R.L.-Y.); (J.M.); (V.G.); (X.M.); (N.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Xavier Marechal
- EVOTEC, Campus Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France; (R.L.-Y.); (J.M.); (V.G.); (X.M.); (N.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Emeline Boet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, 31100 Toulouse, France; (E.B.); (A.S.)
- LabEx Toucan, 31100 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Ambrine Sahal
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, 31100 Toulouse, France; (E.B.); (A.S.)
- LabEx Toucan, 31100 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Alet
- EVOTEC, Campus Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France; (R.L.-Y.); (J.M.); (V.G.); (X.M.); (N.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.A.); (E.G.)
| | - Virgile Visentin
- EVOTEC, Campus Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France; (R.L.-Y.); (J.M.); (V.G.); (X.M.); (N.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Michael R. Paillasse
- EVOTEC, Campus Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France; (R.L.-Y.); (J.M.); (V.G.); (X.M.); (N.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, 31100 Toulouse, France; (E.B.); (A.S.)
- LabEx Toucan, 31100 Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, 31100 Toulouse, France
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Liang CL, Jiang H, Feng W, Liu H, Han L, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zheng F, Lu CJ, Dai Z. Total Glucosides of Paeony Ameliorate Pristane-Induced Lupus Nephritis by Inducing PD-1 ligands + Macrophages via Activating IL-4/STAT6/PD-L2 Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683249. [PMID: 34290705 PMCID: PMC8288191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, a major subset of innate immune cells, are main infiltrating cells in the kidney in lupus nephritis. Macrophages with different phenotypes exert diverse or even opposite effects on the development of lupus nephritis. Substantial evidence has shown that macrophage M2 polarization is beneficial to individuals with chronic kidney disease. Further, it has been reported that PD-1 ligands (PD-Ls) contribute to M2 polarization of macrophages and their immunosuppressive effects. Total glucosides of paeony (TGP), originally extracted from Radix Paeoniae Alba, has been approved in China to treat some autoimmune diseases. Here, we investigated the potentially therapeutic effects of TGP on lupus nephritis in a pristane-induced murine model and explored the molecular mechanisms regulating macrophage phenotypes. We found that TGP treatment significantly improved renal function by decreasing the urinary protein and serum creatinine, reducing serum anti-ds-DNA level and ameliorating renal immunopathology. TGP increased the frequency of splenic and peritoneal F4/80+CD11b+CD206+ M2-like macrophages with no any significant effect on F4/80+CD11b+CD86+ M1-like macrophages. Immunofluorescence double-stainings of the renal tissue showed that TGP treatment increased the frequency of F4/80+Arg1+ subset while decreasing the percentage of F4/80+iNOS+ subset. Importantly, TGP treatment increased the percentage of both F4/80+CD11b+PD-L1+ and F4/80+CD11b+PD-L2+ subsets in spleen and peritoneal lavage fluid as well as the kidney. Furthermore, TGP augmented the expressions of CD206, PD-L2 and phosphorylated STAT6 in IL-4-treated Raw264.7 macrophages in vitro while its effects on PD-L2 were abolished by pretreatment of the cells with an inhibitor of STAT6, AS1517499. However, TGP treatment did not affect the expressions of STAT1 and PD-L1 in Raw264.7 macrophages treated with LPS/IFN-γ in vitro, indicating a possibly indirect effect of TGP on PD-L1 expression on macrophages in vivo. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrated that TGP may be a potent drug to treat lupus nephritis by inducing F4/80+CD11b+CD206+ and F4/80+CD11b+PD-L2+ macrophages through IL-4/STAT6/PD-L2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Gaozhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Maoming, China
| | - Wenxuan Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Lu
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Miliotis C, Slack FJ. miR-105-5p regulates PD-L1 expression and tumor immunogenicity in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:115-126. [PMID: 34098061 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies targeting the interaction between Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have recently been approved for the treatment of multiple cancer types, including gastric cancer. However, not all patients respond to these therapies, while some eventually acquire resistance. A partial predictive biomarker for positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is PD-L1 expression, which has been shown to be under strict post-transcriptional control in cancer. By fractionating the PD-L1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) into multiple overlapping fragments, we identified a small 100-nucleotide-long cis-acting region as being necessary and sufficient for post-transcriptional repression of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. In parallel, we performed a correlation analysis between PD-L1 expression and all host miRNAs in stomach cancer patient samples. A single miRNA, miR-105-5p, was predicted to bind to the identified cis-acting 3'UTR region and to negatively correlate with PD-L1 expression. Overexpression of miR-105-5p in gastric cancer cell lines resulted in decreased expression of PD-L1, both at the total protein and surface expression levels, and induced CD8+ T cell activation in co-culture assays. Finally, we show that expression of miR-105-5p in gastric cancer is partly controlled by DNA methylation of a cancer- and germline-specific promoter of its host gene, GABRA3. Dysregulation of miR-105-5p is observed in many cancer types and this study shows the importance of this miRNA in controlling the immunogenicity of cancer cells, thus highlighting it as a potential biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and target for combinatorial immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Miliotis
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ozawa N, Yokobori T, Osone K, Katayama C, Suga K, Komine C, Shibasaki Y, Shiraishi T, Okada T, Kato R, Ogawa H, Sano A, Sakai M, Sohda M, Ojima H, Miyazaki T, Motegi Y, Ide M, Yao T, Kuwano H, Shirabe K, Saeki H. PD-L1 upregulation is associated with activation of the DNA double-strand break repair pathway in patients with colitic cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13077. [PMID: 34158547 PMCID: PMC8219733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a DNA damage-associated chronic inflammatory disease; the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway participates in UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer carcinogenesis. The DSB/interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway can induce PD-L1 expression transcriptionally. However, the association of PD-L1/DSB/IRF-1 with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC), and UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer, remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the significance of the PD-L1/DSB repair pathway using samples from 17 SCRC and 12 UC patients with rare UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer cases by immunohistochemical analysis. We compared PD-L1 expression between patients with SCRC and UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer and determined the association between PD-L1 and the CD8+ T-cell/DSB/IRF-1 axis in UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer. PD-L1 expression in UC and UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer was higher than in normal mucosa or SCRC, and in CD8-positive T lymphocytes in UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer than in SCRC. Moreover, PD-L1 upregulation was associated with γH2AX (DSB marker) and IRF-1 upregulation in UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer. IRF-1 upregulation was associated with γH2AX upregulation in UC-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer but not in SCRC. Multicolour immunofluorescence staining validated γH2AX/IRF-1/PD-L1 co-expression in colitic cancer tissue sections. Thus, immune cell-induced inflammation might activate the DSB/IRF-1 axis, potentially serving as the primary regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression in UC-associated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Osone
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chika Katayama
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Suga
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chika Komine
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibasaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiraishi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuhisa Okada
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ojima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gunma Prefectural Cancer Center, Ohta, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoko Motegi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Munenori Ide
- Department of Pathology Diagnosis, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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47
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Ahn B, Chae YS, Lee SK, Kim M, Kim HS, Moon JW, Park SH. Identification of novel DNA hypermethylation of the adenylate kinase 5 promoter in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12626. [PMID: 34135408 PMCID: PMC8209216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) belongs to the adenylate kinase family that catalyses reversible phosphate transfer between adenine nucleotides, and it is related to various energetic signalling mechanisms. However, the role of AK5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. In this study, AK5 was significantly hypermethylated in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001) and normal tissues (P = 0.0015). Although the difference in mRNA expression was not statistically significant in all of them, the selected 49 cases of CRC tissues with AK5 hypermethylation with the cut off value of 40% showed a significant inverse correlation with mRNA expression (P = 0.0003). DNA methylation of AK5 promoter significantly decreased and AK5 expression recovered by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in CRC cell lines. In addition, AK5 promoter activity significantly decreased due to DNA methyltransferase, and it increased due to 5-aza. Moreover, AK5 regulated the phosphorylated AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation and inhibited the cell migration and cell invasion in CRC cell lines. Furthermore, low AK5 expression is associated with poor differentiation (P = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the AK5 promoter is frequently hypermethylated and induced methylation-mediated gene down-regulation. AK5 expression regulates AMPK/mTOR signalling and may be closely related to metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Seok Chae
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Journal, Springer Nature, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moa Kim
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wook Moon
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,BK21Plus Medical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Park
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Zhao Y, Cao Y, Chen Y, Wu L, Hang H, Jiang C, Zhou X. B2M gene expression shapes the immune landscape of lung adenocarcinoma and determines the response to immunotherapy. Immunology 2021; 164:507-523. [PMID: 34115389 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the B2M gene is associated with tumour immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy. However, genetic alterations of the B2M gene are rare. We performed an integrative analysis of the mutational and transcriptional profiles of large cohorts of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and found that epigenetic downregulation of B2M is common. B2M-low tumours exhibit a suppressive immune microenvironment characterized by reduced infiltration of immune cells of various lineages; in B2M-high tumours, more T and natural killer cells are present, but their activities are constrained by immune checkpoint molecules, indicating the diverse mechanisms of immune evasion. High levels of B2M mRNA, but not PD-L1, are correlated with an enhanced response to PD-1-based immunotherapy, suggesting its value for immunotherapy response prediction in solid tumours. Notably, a high tumour mutation burden (TMB) is associated with low B2M expression, which may explain the poor predictive value of the TMB in some situations. In syngeneic mouse models, genetic ablation of B2M in tumour cells causes resistance to PD-1-based immunotherapy, and B2M knockdown also diminishes the therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, forced expression of B2M in tumour models improves the response to immunotherapy, suggesting that B2M levels have significant impacts on treatment outcomes. Finally, we provide insight into the roles of transcription factors and KRAS mutations in B2M expression and the anticancer immune response. In conclusion, genetic and epigenetic regulation of B2M fundamentally shapes the NSCLC immune microenvironment and may determine the response to checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuejiao Cao
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hua Hang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chenxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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49
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Petersen SH, Kua LF, Nakajima S, Yong WP, Kono K. Chemoradiation induces upregulation of immunogenic cell death-related molecules together with increased expression of PD-L1 and galectin-9 in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12264. [PMID: 34112882 PMCID: PMC8192931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery alone or combined with chemo- and/or radiation therapy remains the primary treatment for gastric cancer (GC) to date and immunotherapeutic tools such as monoclonal antibodies are only slowly being implemented. This is partly due to the fact that the immune microenvironment in GC during chemoradiation and other treatment modalities is still poorly understood. 7 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines were tested for their response to chemoradiation using 5-FU in combination with X-ray irradiation. We conducted flow cytometric analysis to determine the cells’ ability to undergo immunogenic cell death (ICD) and their expression of the two immunosuppressive proteins programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and galectin-9 (Gal-9). We evaluated the overall immunogenicity of two cell lines (MKN7, MKN74) in co-culture experiments with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs). Chemoradiation induces distinct responses in different GC cell lines. We observe ICD in vitro in all tested GC cell lines in the form of calreticulin (CRT) translocation to the plasma membrane. As a resistance mechanism, these cells also upregulated Gal-9 and PD-L1. Mo-DC maturation experiments showed that GCs provoked the maturation of Mo-DCs after chemoradiation in vitro. The addition of α-PD-L1 blocking antibody further enhanced the immunogenicity of these cells while improving DC viability. Blocking Tim-3, as the main receptor for Gal-9, had no such effect. Our findings suggest that the benefits of chemoradiation can substantially depend on tumor subtype and these benefits can be offset by induced immune evasion in GC. Combination treatment using checkpoint inhibitors could potentially lead to enhanced immune responses and yield better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Petersen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - L F Kua
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - S Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Progressive DOHaD Research, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima city, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - W P Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - K Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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Zhang T, Zheng S, Liu Y, Li X, Wu J, Sun Y, Liu G. DNA damage response and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in ovarian cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103112. [PMID: 33838550 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance, relapse and metastasis. In recent years, immunotherapy has been applied in numerous cancers clinically. However, the effect of immunotherapy monotherapy in ovarian cancer is limited. DNA damage response (DDR) is an essential factor affecting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Defective DNA repair may lead to carcinogenesis and tumor genomic instability, but on the other hand, it may also portend particular vulnerability of tumors and can be used as biomarkers for immunotherapy patient selection. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway mediates tumor immune escape, which may be a promising target for immunotherapy. Therefore, further understanding of the mechanism of PD-L1 expression after DDR may help guide the development of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. In this review, we present the DNA damage repair pathway and summarize how DNA damage repair affects the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer cells. And then we look for biomarkers that affect efficacy or prognosis. Finally, we review the progress of PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy in combination with other therapies that may affect the DDR pathway in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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