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van de Wetering R, Bibi R, Biggerstaff A, Hong S, Pengelly B, Prisinzano TE, La Flamme AC, Kivell BM. Nalfurafine promotes myelination in vitro and facilitates recovery from cuprizone + rapamycin-induced demyelination in mice. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38899723 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for promoting remyelination. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of nalfurafine to promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelination in vitro, and its efficacy in an extended, cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Primary mouse (C57BL/6J) OPC-containing cultures were treated with nalfurafine (0.6-200 nM), clemastine (0.01-100 μM), T3 (30 ng/mL), or vehicle for 5 days. Using immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we found that nalfurafine treatment increased OPC differentiation, oligodendrocyte (OL) morphological complexity, and myelination of nanofibers in vitro. Adult male mice (C57BL/6J) were given a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone and administered rapamycin (10 mg/kg) once daily for 12 weeks followed by 6 weeks of treatment with nalfurafine (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg), clemastine (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. We quantified the number of OLs using immunofluorescence, gross myelination using black gold staining, and myelin thickness using electron microscopy. Cuprizone + rapamycin treatment produced extensive demyelination and was accompanied by a loss of mature OLs, which was partially reversed by therapeutic administration of nalfurafine. We also assessed these mice for functional behavioral changes in open-field, horizontal bar, and mouse motor skill sequence tests (complex wheel running). Cuprizone + rapamycin treatment resulted in hyperlocomotion, poorer horizontal bar scores, and less distance traveled on the running wheels. Partial recovery was observed on both the horizontal bar and complex running wheel tests over time, which was facilitated by nalfurafine treatment. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of nalfurafine as a remyelination-promoting therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross van de Wetering
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rabia Bibi
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andy Biggerstaff
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sheein Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bria Pengelly
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thomas E Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anne C La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bronwyn M Kivell
- School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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2
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Wang W, Ka SGS, Pan Y, Sheng Y, Huang YYS. Biointerface Fiber Technology from Electrospinning to Inflight Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38109220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Building two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) micro- and nanofibril structures with designable patterns and functionalities will offer exciting prospects for numerous applications spanning from permeable bioelectronics to tissue engineering scaffolds. This Spotlight on Applications highlights recent technological advances in fiber printing and patterning with functional materials for biointerfacing applications. We first introduce the current state of development of micro- and nanofibers with applications in biology and medical wearables. We then describe our contributions in developing a series of fiber printing techniques that enable the patterning of functional fiber architectures in three dimensions. These fiber printing techniques expand the material library and device designs, which underpin technological capabilities from enabling fundamental studies in cell migration to customizable and ecofriendly fabrication of sensors. Finally, we provide an outlook on the strategic pathways for developing the next-generation bioelectronics and "Fiber-of-Things" (FoT) using nano/micro-fibers as architectural building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley Gong Sheng Ka
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yifei Pan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FF Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Jagielska A, Radzwill K, Espinosa-Hoyos D, Yang M, Kowsari K, Farley JE, Giera S, Byrne A, Sheng G, Fang NX, Dodge JC, Pedraza CE, Van Vliet KJ. Artificial axons as a biomimetic 3D myelination platform for the discovery and validation of promyelinating compounds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19529. [PMID: 37945646 PMCID: PMC10636046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic neurodegenerative disease driven by damage to the protective myelin sheath, is currently incurable. Today, all clinically available treatments modulate the immune-mediated symptoms of the disease but they fail to stop neurodegeneration in many patients. Remyelination, the regenerative process of myelin repair by oligodendrocytes, which is considered a necessary step to protect demyelinated axons and stop neuronal death, is impaired in MS patients. One of the major obstacles to finding effective remyelinating drugs is the lack of biomimetic drug screening platforms that enable quantification of compounds' potential to stimulate 3D myelination in the physiologically relevant axon-like environment. To address this need, we built a unique myelination drug discovery platform, by expanding our previously developed technology, artificial axons (AAs), which enables 3D-printing of synthetic axon mimics with the geometry and mechanical properties closely resembling those of biological axons. This platform allows for high-throughput phenotypic myelination assay based on quantification of 3D wrapping of myelin membrane around axons in response to compounds. Here, we demonstrate quantification of 3D myelin wrapping by rat oligodendrocytes around the axon mimics in response to a small library of known pro-myelinating compounds. This assay shows pro-myelinating activity for all tested compounds consistent with the published in vitro and in vivo data, demonstrating predictive power of AA platform. We find that stimulation of myelin wrapping by these compounds is dose-dependent, providing a facile means to quantify the compounds' potency and efficacy in promoting myelin wrapping. Further, the ranking of relative efficacy among these compounds differs in this 3D axon-like environment as compared to a traditional oligodendrocyte 2D differentiation assay quantifying area of deposited myelin membrane. Together, we demonstrate that the artificial axons platform and associated phenotypic myelin wrapping assay afford direct evaluation of myelin wrapping by oligodendrocytes in response to soluble compounds in an axon-like environment, providing a predictive tool for the discovery of remyelinating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jagielska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Artificial Axon Labs, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Daniela Espinosa-Hoyos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kavin Kowsari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan E Farley
- Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Krystyn J Van Vliet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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4
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Watson LA, Meharena HS. From neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration: utilizing human stem cell models to gain insight into Down syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1198129. [PMID: 37323671 PMCID: PMC10267712 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1198129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is the most frequent aneuploidy observed in the human population and represents the most common genetic form of intellectual disability and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals with DS exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical presentation, with a number of organs implicated including the neurological, immune, musculoskeletal, cardiac, and gastrointestinal systems. Decades of DS research have illuminated our understanding of the disorder, however many of the features that limit quality of life and independence of individuals with DS, including intellectual disability and early-onset dementia, remain poorly understood. This lack of knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to neurological features of DS has caused significant roadblocks in developing effective therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life for individuals with DS. Recent technological advances in human stem cell culture methods, genome editing approaches, and single-cell transcriptomics have provided paradigm-shifting insights into complex neurological diseases such as DS. Here, we review novel neurological disease modeling approaches, how they have been used to study DS, and what questions might be addressed in the future using these innovative tools.
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Rocha DN, Carvalho ED, Pires LR, Gardin C, Zanolla I, Szewczyk PK, Machado C, Fernandes R, Stachewicz U, Zavan B, Relvas JB, Pêgo AP. It takes two to remyelinate: A bioengineered platform to study astrocyte-oligodendrocyte crosstalk and potential therapeutic targets in remyelination. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213429. [PMID: 37148597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the myelin sheath insulating axons is the hallmark of demyelinating diseases. These pathologies often lead to irreversible neurological impairment and patient disability. No effective therapies are currently available to promote remyelination. Several elements contribute to the inadequacy of remyelination, thus understanding the intricacies of the cellular and signaling microenvironment of the remyelination niche might help us to devise better strategies to enhance remyelination. Here, using a new in vitro rapid myelinating artificial axon system based on engineered microfibres, we investigated how reactive astrocytes influence oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination ability. This artificial axon culture system enables the effective uncoupling of molecular cues from the biophysical properties of the axons, allowing the detailed study of the astrocyte-OL crosstalk. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were cultured on poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer electrospun microfibres that served as surrogate axons. This platform was then combined with a previously established tissue engineered glial scar model of astrocytes embedded in 1 % (w/v) alginate matrices, in which astrocyte reactive phenotype was acquired using meningeal fibroblast conditioned medium. OPCs were shown to adhere to uncoated engineered microfibres and differentiate into myelinating OL. Reactive astrocytes were found to significantly impair OL differentiation ability, after six and eight days in a co-culture system. Differentiation impairment was seen to be correlated with astrocytic miRNA release through exosomes. We found significantly reduction on the expression of pro-myelinating miRNAs (miR-219 and miR-338) and an increase in anti-myelinating miRNA (miR-125a-3p) content between reactive and quiescent astrocytes. Additionally, we show that OPC differentiation inhibition could be reverted by rescuing the activated astrocytic phenotype with ibuprofen, a chemical inhibitor of the small rhoGTPase RhoA. Overall, these findings show that modulating astrocytic function might be an interesting therapeutic avenue for demyelinating diseases. The use of these engineered microfibres as an artificial axon culture system will enable the screening for potential therapeutic agents that promote OL differentiation and myelination while providing valuable insight on the myelination/remyelination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva D Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana R Pires
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cláudia Machado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-343 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Smith MAA, Khot MI, Taccola S, Fry NR, Muhonen PL, Tipper JL, Jayne DG, Kay RW, Harris RA. A digitally driven manufacturing process for high resolution patterning of cell formations. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:16. [PMID: 37084116 PMCID: PMC10121500 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the engineering and validation of an enabling technology that facilitates new capabilities in in vitro cell models for high-throughput screening and tissue engineering applications. This is conducted through a computerized system that allows the design and deposition of high-fidelity microscale patterned coatings that selectively alter the chemical and topographical properties of cell culturing surfaces. Significantly, compared to alternative methods for microscale surface patterning, this is a digitally controlled and automated process thereby allowing scientists to rapidly create and explore an almost infinite range of cell culture patterns. This new capability is experimentally validated across six different cell lines demonstrating how the precise microscale deposition of these patterned coatings can influence spatiotemporal growth and movement of endothelial, fibroblast, neuronal and macrophage cells. To further demonstrate this platform, more complex patterns are then created and shown to guide the behavioral response of colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A A Smith
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Ibrahim Khot
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Silvia Taccola
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicholas R Fry
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pirkko L Muhonen
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Joanne L Tipper
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - David G Jayne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robert W Kay
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Russell A Harris
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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7
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Kim WY, Seo BW, Lee SH, Lee TG, Kwon S, Chang WS, Nam SH, Fang NX, Kim S, Cho YT. Quasi-seamless stitching for large-area micropatterned surfaces enabled by Fourier spectral analysis of moiré patterns. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2202. [PMID: 37072425 PMCID: PMC10113184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenge in preparing a flexible mold stamp using roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography is to simultaneously increase the imprintable area with a minimized perceptible seam. However, the current methods for stitching multiple small molds to fabricate large-area molds and functional surfaces typically rely on the alignment mark, which inevitably produces a clear alignment mark and stitched seam. In this study, we propose a mark-less alignment by the pattern itself method inspired by moiré technique, which uses the Fourier spectral analysis of moiré patterns formed by superposed identical patterns for alignment. This method is capable of fabricating scalable functional surfaces and imprint molds with quasi-seamless and alignment mark-free patterning. By harnessing the rotational invariance property in the Fourier transform, our approach is confirmed to be a simple and efficient method for extracting the rotational and translational offsets in overlapped periodic or nonperiodic patterns with a minimized stitched region, thereby allowing for the large-area and quasi-seamless fabrication of imprinting molds and functional surfaces, such as liquid-repellent film and micro-optical sheets, that surpass the conventional alignment and stitching limits and potentially expand their application in producing large-area metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Young Kim
- Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Bo Wook Seo
- Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Gyung Lee
- Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sin Kwon
- Department of Flexible & Printed Electronics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Nanomechatronics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Seok Kim
- Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
| | - Young Tae Cho
- Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea.
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8
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Ouyang W, Xu X, Lu W, Zhao N, Han F, Chen SC. Ultrafast 3D nanofabrication via digital holography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1716. [PMID: 36973254 PMCID: PMC10043265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a compelling demand of fabricating high-resolution complex three-dimensional (3D) structures in nanotechnology. While two-photon lithography (TPL) largely satisfies the need since its introduction, its low writing speed and high cost make it impractical for many large-scale applications. We report a digital holography-based TPL platform that realizes parallel printing with up to 2000 individually programmable laser foci to fabricate complex 3D structures with 90 nm resolution. This effectively improves the fabrication rate to 2,000,000 voxels/sec. The promising result is enabled by the polymerization kinetics under a low-repetition-rate regenerative laser amplifier, where the smallest features are defined via a single laser pulse at 1 kHz. We have fabricated large-scale metastructures and optical devices of up to centimeter-scale to validate the predicted writing speed, resolution, and cost. The results confirm our method provides an effective solution for scaling up TPL for applications beyond laboratory prototyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiayi Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Wanping Lu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Shih-Chi Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Centre for Perceptual and Interactive Intelligence, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Kong Z, Wang X. Bioprinting Technologies and Bioinks for Vascular Model Establishment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010891. [PMID: 36614332 PMCID: PMC9821327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, large diameter artery defects (diameter larger than 6 mm) can be substituted by unbiodegradable polymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. There are many problems in the construction of small diameter blood vessels (diameter between 1 and 3 mm) and microvessels (diameter less than 1 mm), especially in the establishment of complex vascular models with multi-scale branched networks. Throughout history, the vascularization strategies have been divided into three major groups, including self-generated capillaries from implantation, pre-constructed vascular channels, and three-dimensional (3D) printed cell-laden hydrogels. The first group is based on the spontaneous angiogenesis behaviour of cells in the host tissues, which also lays the foundation of capillary angiogenesis in tissue engineering scaffolds. The second group is to vascularize the polymeric vessels (or scaffolds) with endothelial cells. It is hoped that the pre-constructed vessels can be connected with the vascular networks of host tissues with rapid blood perfusion. With the development of bioprinting technologies, various fabrication methods have been achieved to build hierarchical vascular networks with high-precision 3D control. In this review, the latest advances in 3D bioprinting of vascularized tissues/organs are discussed, including new printing techniques and researches on bioinks for promoting angiogenesis, especially coaxial printing, freeform reversible embedded in suspended hydrogel printing, and acoustic assisted printing technologies, and freeform reversible embedded in suspended hydrogel (flash) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Kong
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education & Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-3190-0983
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10
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The landscape of targets and lead molecules for remyelination. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:925-933. [PMID: 35995862 PMCID: PMC9773298 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination, or the restoration of myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system, is a multi-stage repair process that remains a major need for millions of patients with multiple sclerosis and other diseases of myelin. Even into adulthood, rodents and humans can generate new myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, leading to the therapeutic hypothesis that enhancing remyelination could lessen disease burden in multiple sclerosis. Multiple labs have used phenotypic screening to identify dozens of drugs that enhance oligodendrocyte formation, and several hit molecules have now advanced to clinical evaluation. Target identification studies have revealed that a large majority of these hits share the ability to inhibit a narrow range of cholesterol pathway enzymes and thereby induce cellular accumulation of specific sterol precursors to cholesterol. This Perspective surveys the recent fruitful intersection of chemical biology and remyelination and suggests multiple approaches toward new targets and lead molecules to promote remyelination.
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11
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Sharaf A, Roos B, Timmerman R, Kremers GJ, Bajramovic JJ, Accardo A. Two-Photon Polymerization of 2.5D and 3D Microstructures Fostering a Ramified Resting Phenotype in Primary Microglia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:926642. [PMID: 35979173 PMCID: PMC9376863 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.926642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and contribute to maintaining brain’s homeostasis. Current 2D “petri-dish” in vitro cell culturing platforms employed for microglia, are unrepresentative of the softness or topography of native brain tissue. This often contributes to changes in microglial morphology, exhibiting an amoeboid phenotype that considerably differs from the homeostatic ramified phenotype in healthy brain tissue. To overcome this problem, multi-scale engineered polymeric microenvironments are developed and tested for the first time with primary microglia derived from adult rhesus macaques. In particular, biomimetic 2.5D micro- and nano-pillar arrays (diameters = 0.29–1.06 µm), featuring low effective shear moduli (0.25–14.63 MPa), and 3D micro-cages (volume = 24 × 24 × 24 to 49 × 49 × 49 μm3) with and without micro- and nano-pillar decorations (pillar diameters = 0.24–1 µm) were fabricated using two-photon polymerization (2PP). Compared to microglia cultured on flat substrates, cells growing on the pillar arrays exhibit an increased expression of the ramified phenotype and a higher number of primary branches per ramified cell. The interaction between the cells and the micro-pillar-decorated cages enables a more homogenous 3D cell colonization compared to the undecorated ones. The results pave the way for the development of improved primary microglia in vitro models to study these cells in both healthy and diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sharaf
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Brian Roos
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Raissa Timmerman
- Alternatives Unit, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Angelo Accardo,
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12
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Carvalho E, Morais M, Ferreira H, Silva M, Guimarães S, Pêgo A. A paradigm shift: Bioengineering meets mechanobiology towards overcoming remyelination failure. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Del Giovane A, Russo M, Tirou L, Faure H, Ruat M, Balestri S, Sposato C, Basoli F, Rainer A, Kassoussi A, Traiffort E, Ragnini-Wilson A. Smoothened/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Oligodendroglial Cell Maturation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:801704. [PMID: 35082605 PMCID: PMC8784884 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.801704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of myelin is known to restore axonal conduction velocity after a demyelinating event. Remyelination failure in the central nervous system contributes to the severity and progression of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Remyelination is controlled by many signaling pathways, such as the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, as shown by the canonical activation of its key effector Smoothened (Smo), which increases the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells via the upregulation of the transcription factor Gli1. On the other hand, the inhibition of Gli1 was also found to promote the recruitment of a subset of adult neural stem cells and their subsequent differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Since Smo is also able to transduce Shh signals via various non-canonical pathways such as the blockade of Gli1, we addressed the potential of non-canonical Smo signaling to contribute to oligodendroglial cell maturation in myelinating cells using the non-canonical Smo agonist GSA-10, which downregulates Gli1. Using the Oli-neuM cell line, we show that GSA-10 promotes Gli2 upregulation, MBP and MAL/OPALIN expression via Smo/AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) signaling, and efficiently increases the number of axonal contact/ensheathment for each oligodendroglial cell. Moreover, GSA-10 promotes the recruitment and differentiation of oligodendroglial progenitors into the demyelinated corpus callosum in vivo. Altogether, our data indicate that non-canonical signaling involving Smo/AMPK modulation and Gli1 downregulation promotes oligodendroglia maturation until axon engagement. Thus, GSA-10, by activation of this signaling pathway, represents a novel potential remyelinating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Del Giovane
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Russo
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Linda Tirou
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Hélène Faure
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Martial Ruat
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sonia Balestri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Sposato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (NANOTEC), National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Elisabeth Traiffort
- INSERM, U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth Traiffort,
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14
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Kowsari K, Lee W, Yoo SS, Fang NX. Scalable visible light 3D printing and bioprinting using an organic light-emitting diode microdisplay. iScience 2021; 24:103372. [PMID: 34825139 PMCID: PMC8605192 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To address current unmet needs in terms of scalability and material biocompatibility for future photocrosslinking-based additive manufacturing technologies, emergent platform designs are in inexorable demand. In particular, a shift from the present use of cell-damaging UV light sources in light-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting methods demands new platforms. We adopted an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) microdisplay as a digital visible light modulator to create a 3D printing platform modality that offers scalability and multi-material capability while forgoing the need for UV photocrosslinking. We formulate biocompatible inks that are visible light-crosslinkable with relatively quick photoinitiation rates. We demonstrated successful attachment and rapid growth of primary human dermal fibroblast-adult (HDF-a) cells on biological substrates fabricated using the OLED platform. This platform incites new possibilities by providing a simple-yet-effective means for low-cost, high-throughput, and multi-material 3D fabrication of functional structures made of polymers, ceramic composites, and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavin Kowsari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Nicholas Xuanlai Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author
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15
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Blanchard JW, Victor MB, Tsai LH. Dissecting the complexities of Alzheimer disease with in vitro models of the human brain. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 18:25-39. [PMID: 34750588 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. It is marked by severe memory loss and cognitive decline, and currently has limited effective treatment options. Although individuals with AD have common neuropathological hallmarks, emerging data suggest that the disease has a complex polygenic aetiology, and more than 25 genetic loci have been linked to an elevated risk of AD and dementia. Nevertheless, our ability to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie genetic susceptibility to AD, and its progression and severity, remains limited. Here, we discuss ongoing efforts to leverage genomic data from patients using cellular reprogramming technologies to recapitulate complex brain systems and build in vitro discovery platforms. Much attention has already been given to methodologies to derive major brain cell types from pluripotent stem cells. We therefore focus on technologies that combine multiple cell types to recreate anatomical and physiological properties of human brain tissue in vitro. We discuss the advances in the field for modelling four domains that have come into view as key contributors to the pathogenesis of AD: the blood-brain barrier, myelination, neuroinflammation and neuronal circuits. We also highlight opportunities for the field to further interrogate the complex genetic and environmental factors of AD using in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel W Blanchard
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matheus B Victor
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Marangon D, Caporale N, Boccazzi M, Abbracchio MP, Testa G, Lecca D. Novel in vitro Experimental Approaches to Study Myelination and Remyelination in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:748849. [PMID: 34720882 PMCID: PMC8551863 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.748849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is the lipidic insulating structure enwrapping axons and allowing fast saltatory nerve conduction. In the central nervous system, myelin sheath is the result of the complex packaging of multilamellar extensions of oligodendrocyte (OL) membranes. Before reaching myelinating capabilities, OLs undergo a very precise program of differentiation and maturation that starts from OL precursor cells (OPCs). In the last 20 years, the biology of OPCs and their behavior under pathological conditions have been studied through several experimental models. When co-cultured with neurons, OPCs undergo terminal maturation and produce myelin tracts around axons, allowing to investigate myelination in response to exogenous stimuli in a very simple in vitro system. On the other hand, in vivo models more closely reproducing some of the features of human pathophysiology enabled to assess the consequences of demyelination and the molecular mechanisms of remyelination, and they are often used to validate the effect of pharmacological agents. However, they are very complex, and not suitable for large scale drug discovery screening. Recent advances in cell reprogramming, biophysics and bioengineering have allowed impressive improvements in the methodological approaches to study brain physiology and myelination. Rat and mouse OPCs can be replaced by human OPCs obtained by induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from healthy or diseased individuals, thus offering unprecedented possibilities for personalized disease modeling and treatment. OPCs and neural cells can be also artificially assembled, using 3D-printed culture chambers and biomaterial scaffolds, which allow modeling cell-to-cell interactions in a highly controlled manner. Interestingly, scaffold stiffness can be adopted to reproduce the mechanosensory properties assumed by tissues in physiological or pathological conditions. Moreover, the recent development of iPSC-derived 3D brain cultures, called organoids, has made it possible to study key aspects of embryonic brain development, such as neuronal differentiation, maturation and network formation in temporal dynamics that are inaccessible to traditional in vitro cultures. Despite the huge potential of organoids, their application to myelination studies is still in its infancy. In this review, we shall summarize the novel most relevant experimental approaches and their implications for the identification of remyelinating agents for human diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangon
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Caporale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Boccazzi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P. Abbracchio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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17
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Sphabmixay P, Raredon MSB, Wang AJS, Lee H, Hammond PT, Fang NX, Griffith LG. High resolution stereolithography fabrication of perfusable scaffolds to enable long-term meso-scale hepatic culture for disease modeling. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34479229 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac23aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS), comprising human cell cultured in formats that capture features of the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments of native human organs under microperfusion, are promising tools for biomedical research. Here we report the development of a mesoscale physiological system (MePS) enabling the long-term 3D perfused culture of primary human hepatocytes at scales of over 106cells per MPS. A central feature of the MePS, which employs a commercially-available multiwell bioreactor for perfusion, is a novel scaffold comprising a dense network of nano- and micro-porous polymer channels, designed to provide appropriate convective and diffusive mass transfer of oxygen and other nutrients while maintaining physiological values of shear stress. The scaffold design is realized by a high resolution stereolithography fabrication process employing a novel resin. This new culture system sustains mesoscopic hepatic tissue-like cultures with greater hepatic functionality (assessed by albumin and urea synthesis, and CYP3A4 activity) and lower inflammation markers compared to comparable cultures on the commercial polystyrene scaffold. To illustrate applications to disease modeling, we established an insulin-resistant phenotype by exposing liver cells to hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic media. Future applications of the MePS include the co-culture of hepatocytes with resident immune cells and the integration with multiple organs to model complex liver-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sphabmixay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Alex J-S Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Howon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.,Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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18
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Kim S, Handler JJ, Cho YT, Barbastathis G, Fang NX. Scalable 3D printing of aperiodic cellular structures by rotational stacking of integral image formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh1200. [PMID: 34533994 PMCID: PMC8448457 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The limitation of projection microstereolithography in additive manufacturing methods is that they typically use a single-aperture imaging configuration, which restricts their ability to produce microstructures in large volumes owing to the trade-off between image resolution and image field area. Here, we propose an integral lithography based on integral image reconstruction coupled with a planar lens array. The individual microlenses maintain a high numerical aperture and are used to create digital light patterns that can expand the printable area by the number of microlenses (103 to 104), thereby allowing for the scalable stereolithographic fabrication of 3D features that surpass the resolution-to-area scaling limit. We extend the capability of integral lithography for programmable printing of deterministic nonperiodic structures through the rotational overlapping or stacking of multiple exposures with controlled angular offsets. This printing platform provides new possibilities for producing periodic and aperiodic microarchitectures spanning four orders of magnitude from micrometers to centimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jordan J. Handler
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Young Tae Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - George Barbastathis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Nicholas X. Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Sams E. Oligodendrocytes in the aging brain. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210008. [PMID: 34290887 PMCID: PMC8264650 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the human brain volume is made up of white matter: regions where axons are coated in myelin, which primarily functions to increase the conduction speed of axon potentials. White matter volume significantly decreases with age, correlating with cognitive decline. Much research in the field of non-pathological brain aging mechanisms has taken a neuron-centric approach, with relatively little attention paid to other neural cells. This review discusses white matter changes, with focus on oligodendrocyte lineage cells and their ability to produce and maintain myelin to support normal brain homoeostasis. Improved understanding of intrinsic cellular changes, general senescence mechanisms, intercellular interactions and alterations in extracellular environment which occur with aging and impact oligodendrocyte cells is paramount. This may lead to strategies to support oligodendrocytes in aging, for example by supporting myelin synthesis, protecting against oxidative stress and promoting the rejuvenation of the intrinsic regenerative potential of progenitor cells. Ultimately, this will enable the protection of white matter integrity thus protecting cognitive function into the later years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Catherine Sams
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel E1 2AT, London
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20
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Qin N, Qian ZG, Zhou C, Xia XX, Tao TH. 3D electron-beam writing at sub-15 nm resolution using spider silk as a resist. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5133. [PMID: 34446721 PMCID: PMC8390743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron beam lithography (EBL) is renowned to provide fabrication resolution in the deep nanometer scale. One major limitation of current EBL techniques is their incapability of arbitrary 3d nanofabrication. Resolution, structure integrity and functionalization are among the most important factors. Here we report all-aqueous-based, high-fidelity manufacturing of functional, arbitrary 3d nanostructures at a resolution of sub-15 nm using our developed voltage-regulated 3d EBL. Creating arbitrary 3d structures of high resolution and high strength at nanoscale is enabled by genetically engineering recombinant spider silk proteins as the resist. The ability to quantitatively define structural transitions with energetic electrons at different depths within the 3d protein matrix enables polymorphic spider silk proteins to be shaped approaching the molecular level. Furthermore, genetic or mesoscopic modification of spider silk proteins provides the opportunity to embed and stabilize physiochemical and/or biological functions within as-fabricated 3d nanostructures. Our approach empowers the rapid and flexible fabrication of heterogeneously functionalized and hierarchically structured 3d nanocomponents and nanodevices, offering opportunities in biomimetics, therapeutic devices and nanoscale robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Graduate Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- 2020 X-Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Marinval N, Chew SY. Mechanotransduction assays for neural regeneration strategies: A focus on glial cells. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:021505. [PMID: 33948526 PMCID: PMC8088332 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are mechanosensitive, and thus, engineered systems have taken a step forward to design mechanotransduction platforms in order to impart diverse mechanical stresses to cells. Mechanical strain encountered in the central nervous system can arise from diverse mechanisms, such as tissue reorganization, fluid flow, and axon growth, as well as pathological events including axon swelling or mechanical trauma. Biomechanical relevance of the in vitro mechanical testing requires to be placed in line with the physiological and mechanical changes in central nervous tissues that occur during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanotransduction signaling utilized by glial cells and the recent approaches intended to model altered microenvironment adapted to pathological context are discussed in this review. New insights in systems merging substrate's stiffness and topography should be considered for further glial mechanotransduction studies, while testing platforms for drug discoveries promise great advancements in pharmacotherapy. Potential leads and strategies for clinical outcomes are expected to be developed following the exploration of these glial mechanosensitive signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marinval
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: +65 6316 8812. Fax: +65 6794 7553
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22
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Balestri S, Del Giovane A, Sposato C, Ferrarelli M, Ragnini-Wilson A. The Current Challenges for Drug Discovery in CNS Remyelination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062891. [PMID: 33809224 PMCID: PMC8001072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelin sheath wraps around axons, allowing saltatory currents to be transmitted along neurons. Several genetic, viral, or environmental factors can damage the central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheath during life. Unless the myelin sheath is repaired, these insults will lead to neurodegeneration. Remyelination occurs spontaneously upon myelin injury in healthy individuals but can fail in several demyelination pathologies or as a consequence of aging. Thus, pharmacological intervention that promotes CNS remyelination could have a major impact on patient’s lives by delaying or even preventing neurodegeneration. Drugs promoting CNS remyelination in animal models have been identified recently, mostly as a result of repurposing phenotypical screening campaigns that used novel oligodendrocyte cellular models. Although none of these have as yet arrived in the clinic, promising candidates are on the way. Many questions remain. Among the most relevant is the question if there is a time window when remyelination drugs should be administrated and why adult remyelination fails in many neurodegenerative pathologies. Moreover, a significant challenge in the field is how to reconstitute the oligodendrocyte/axon interaction environment representative of healthy as well as disease microenvironments in drug screening campaigns, so that drugs can be screened in the most appropriate disease-relevant conditions. Here we will provide an overview of how the field of in vitro models developed over recent years and recent biological findings about how oligodendrocytes mature after reactivation of their staminal niche. These data have posed novel questions and opened new views about how the adult brain is repaired after myelin injury and we will discuss how these new findings might change future drug screening campaigns for CNS regenerative drugs.
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23
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Zhang J, Xu W, Xu F, Lu W, Hu L, Zhou J, Zhang C, Jiang Z. Microfluidic droplet formation in co-flow devices fabricated by micro 3D printing. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Advances in 3D neuronal microphysiological systems: towards a functional nervous system on a chip. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:191-206. [PMID: 33438114 PMCID: PMC7802613 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPS) designed to study the complexities of the peripheral and central nervous systems have made marked improvements over the years and have allowed researchers to assess in two and three dimensions the functional interconnectivity of neuronal tissues. The recent generation of brain organoids has further propelled the field into the nascent recapitulation of structural, functional, and effective connectivities which are found within the native human nervous system. Herein, we will review advances in culture methodologies, focused especially on those of human tissues, which seek to bridge the gap from 2D cultures to hierarchical and defined 3D MPS with the end goal of developing a robust nervous system-on-a-chip platform. These advances have far-reaching implications within basic science, pharmaceutical development, and translational medicine disciplines.
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Hyung S, Lee SR, Kim J, Kim Y, Kim S, Kim HN, Jeon NL. A 3D disease and regeneration model of peripheral nervous system-on-a-chip. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd9749. [PMID: 33514550 PMCID: PMC7846159 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases involve loss of myelin sheaths and eventually lead to neurological problems. Unfortunately, the precise mechanisms remain unknown, and there are no effective therapies. To overcome these limitations, a reliable and physiologically relevant in vitro model is required. Here, we present a three-dimensional peripheral nervous system (PNS) microfluidic platform that recapitulates the full spectrum of myelination, demyelination, and remyelination using primary Schwann cells (SCs) and motor neurons (MNs). The platform enables reproducible hydrogel patterning and long-term stable coculture of MNs and SCs over 40 days in vitro based on three distinct design factors. Furthermore, the on-demand detachable substrate allows in-depth biological analysis. We demonstrated the possibility of mimicking segmental demyelination by lysophosphatidylcholine, and recovery of myelin structure by application of two drugs: benzatropine or methylcobalamin. This 3D PNS disease-on-a-chip may serve as a potential platform for understanding the pathophysiology of demyelination and screening drugs for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hyung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtaek Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suryong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies constitute a subset of genetic white matter disorders characterized by a primary lack of myelin deposition. Most patients with severe hypomyelination present in infancy or early childhood and develop severe neurological deficits, but the clinical presentation can also be mild with onset of symptoms in adolescence or adulthood. MRI can be used to visualize the process of myelination in detail, and MRI pattern recognition can provide a clinical diagnosis in many patients. Next-generation sequencing provides a definitive diagnosis in 80-90% of patients. Genes associated with hypomyelination include those that encode structural myelin proteins but also many that encode proteins involved in RNA translation and some lysosomal proteins. The precise pathomechanisms remain to be elucidated. Improved understanding of the process of myelination, the metabolic axonal support functions of myelin and the proposed contribution of myelin to CNS plasticity provide possible explanations as to why almost all patients with hypomyelination experience slow clinical decline after a long phase of stability. In this Review, we provide an overview of the hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, the advances in our understanding of myelin biology and of the genes involved in these disorders, and the insights these advances have provided into their clinical presentations and evolution.
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27
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Keating CE, Cullen DK. Mechanosensation in traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105210. [PMID: 33259894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is distinct from other neurological disorders because it is induced by a discrete event that applies extreme mechanical forces to the brain. This review describes how the brain senses, integrates, and responds to forces under both normal conditions and during injury. The response to forces is influenced by the unique mechanical properties of brain tissue, which differ by region, cell type, and sub-cellular structure. Elements such as the extracellular matrix, plasma membrane, transmembrane receptors, and cytoskeleton influence its properties. These same components also act as force-sensors, allowing neurons and glia to respond to their physical environment and maintain homeostasis. However, when applied forces become too large, as in TBI, these components may respond in an aberrant manner or structurally fail, resulting in unique pathological sequelae. This so-called "pathological mechanosensation" represents a spectrum of cellular responses, which vary depending on the overall biomechanical parameters of the injury and may be compounded by repetitive injuries. Such aberrant physical responses and/or damage to cells along with the resulting secondary injury cascades can ultimately lead to long-term cellular dysfunction and degeneration, often resulting in persistent deficits. Indeed, pathological mechanosensation not only directly initiates secondary injury cascades, but this post-physical damage environment provides the context in which these cascades unfold. Collectively, these points underscore the need to use experimental models that accurately replicate the biomechanics of TBI in humans. Understanding cellular responses in context with injury biomechanics may uncover therapeutic targets addressing various facets of trauma-specific sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Keating
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, USA
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration, and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, USA.
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28
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Nelson HN, Treichel AJ, Eggum EN, Martell MR, Kaiser AJ, Trudel AG, Gronseth JR, Maas ST, Bergen S, Hines JH. Individual neuronal subtypes control initial myelin sheath growth and stabilization. Neural Dev 2020; 15:12. [PMID: 32988384 PMCID: PMC7523326 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-020-00149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the developing central nervous system, pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes sample candidate nerve axons by extending and retracting process extensions. Some contacts stabilize, leading to the initiation of axon wrapping, nascent myelin sheath formation, concentric wrapping and sheath elongation, and sheath stabilization or pruning by oligodendrocytes. Although axonal signals influence the overall process of myelination, the precise oligodendrocyte behaviors that require signaling from axons are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether oligodendrocyte behaviors during the early events of myelination are mediated by an oligodendrocyte-intrinsic myelination program or are over-ridden by axonal factors. Methods To address this, we utilized in vivo time-lapse imaging in embryonic and larval zebrafish spinal cord during the initial hours and days of axon wrapping and myelination. Transgenic reporter lines marked individual axon subtypes or oligodendrocyte membranes. Results In the larval zebrafish spinal cord, individual axon subtypes supported distinct nascent sheath growth rates and stabilization frequencies. Oligodendrocytes ensheathed individual axon subtypes at different rates during a two-day period after initial axon wrapping. When descending reticulospinal axons were ablated, local spinal axons supported a constant ensheathment rate despite the increased ratio of oligodendrocytes to target axons. Conclusion We conclude that properties of individual axon subtypes instruct oligodendrocyte behaviors during initial stages of myelination by differentially controlling nascent sheath growth and stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin N Eggum
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA
| | | | - Amanda J Kaiser
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA
| | - Allie G Trudel
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA
| | | | - Samantha T Maas
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA
| | - Silas Bergen
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA
| | - Jacob H Hines
- Biology Department, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA.
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29
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Ong W, Marinval N, Lin J, Nai MH, Chong YS, Pinese C, Sajikumar S, Lim CT, Ffrench-Constant C, Bechler ME, Chew SY. Biomimicking Fiber Platform with Tunable Stiffness to Study Mechanotransduction Reveals Stiffness Enhances Oligodendrocyte Differentiation but Impedes Myelination through YAP-Dependent Regulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003656. [PMID: 32790058 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A key hallmark of many diseases, especially those in the central nervous system (CNS), is the change in tissue stiffness due to inflammation and scarring. However, how such changes in microenvironment affect the regenerative process remains poorly understood. Here, a biomimicking fiber platform that provides independent variation of fiber structural and intrinsic stiffness is reported. To demonstrate the functionality of these constructs as a mechanotransduction study platform, these substrates are utilized as artificial axons and the effects of axon structural versus intrinsic stiffness on CNS myelination are independently analyzed. While studies have shown that substrate stiffness affects oligodendrocyte differentiation, the effects of mechanical stiffness on the final functional state of oligodendrocyte (i.e., myelination) has not been shown prior to this. Here, it is demonstrated that a stiff mechanical microenvironment impedes oligodendrocyte myelination, independently and distinctively from oligodendrocyte differentiation. Yes-associated protein is identified to be involved in influencing oligodendrocyte myelination through mechanotransduction. The opposing effects on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination provide important implications for current work screening for promyelinating drugs, since these efforts have focused mainly on promoting oligodendrocyte differentiation. Thus, the platform may have considerable utility as part of a drug discovery program in identifying molecules that promote both differentiation and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Ong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies (Health Tech NTU), Interdisciplinary Disciplinary School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637533, Singapore
| | - Nicolas Marinval
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Junquan Lin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Mui Hoon Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yee-Song Chong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Coline Pinese
- Max Mousseron Institute of Biomolecules (IBMM), UMR CNRS 5247, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, F-34093, France
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC-Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Marie E Bechler
- MRC-Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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30
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Espinosa-Hoyos D, Burstein SR, Cha J, Jain T, Nijsure M, Jagielska A, Fossati V, Van Vliet KJ. Mechanosensitivity of Human Oligodendrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:222. [PMID: 32848617 PMCID: PMC7420028 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes produce and repair myelin, which is critical for the integrity and function of the central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocyte and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) biology is modulated in vitro by mechanical cues within the magnitudes observed in vivo. In some cases, these cues are sufficient to accelerate or inhibit terminal differentiation of murine oligodendrocyte progenitors. However, our understanding of oligodendrocyte lineage mechanobiology has been restricted primarily to animal models to date, due to the inaccessibility and challenges of human oligodendrocyte cell culture. Here, we probe the mechanosensitivity of human oligodendrocyte lineage cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We target phenotypically distinct stages of the human oligodendrocyte lineage and quantify the effect of substratum stiffness on cell migration and differentiation, within the range documented in vivo. We find that human oligodendrocyte lineage cells exhibit mechanosensitive migration and differentiation. Further, we identify two patterns of human donor line-dependent mechanosensitive differentiation. Our findings illustrate the variation among human oligodendrocyte responses, otherwise not captured by animal models, that are important for translational research. Moreover, these findings highlight the importance of studying glia under conditions that better approximate in vivo mechanical cues. Despite significant progress in human oligodendrocyte derivation methodology, the extended duration, low yield, and low selectivity of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte protocols significantly limit the scale-up and implementation of these cells and protocols for in vivo and in vitro applications. We propose that mechanical modulation, in combination with traditional soluble and insoluble factors, provides a key avenue to address these challenges in cell production and in vitro analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Espinosa-Hoyos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Suzanne R. Burstein
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jaaram Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tanya Jain
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madhura Nijsure
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna Jagielska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) CREATE, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Valentina Fossati
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Krystyn J. Van Vliet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) CREATE, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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31
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Hall CM, Moeendarbary E, Sheridan GK. Mechanobiology of the brain in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:3851-3878. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M. Hall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London London UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences University of Brighton Brighton UK
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London London UK
- Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA
| | - Graham K. Sheridan
- School of Life Sciences Queens Medical Centre University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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32
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Prendergast ME, Burdick JA. Recent Advances in Enabling Technologies in 3D Printing for Precision Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902516. [PMID: 31512289 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in areas such as data analytics, genomics, and imaging have revealed individual patient complexities and exposed the inherent limitations of generic therapies for patient treatment. These observations have also fueled the development of precision medicine approaches, where therapies are tailored for the individual rather than the broad patient population. 3D printing is a field that intersects with precision medicine through the design of precision implants with patient-directed shapes, structures, and materials or for the development of patient-specific in vitro models that can be used for screening precision therapeutics. Toward their success, advances in 3D printing and biofabrication technologies are needed with enhanced resolution, complexity, reproducibility, and speed and that encompass a broad range of cells and materials. The overall goal of this progress report is to highlight recent advances in 3D printing technologies that are helping to enable advances important in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Prendergast
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
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33
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Weems AC, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Arno MC, Dove AP. 3D Printing for the Clinic: Examining Contemporary Polymeric Biomaterials and Their Clinical Utility. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1037-1059. [PMID: 32058702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The advent of additive manufacturing offered the potential to revolutionize clinical medicine, particularly with patient-specific implants across a range of tissue types. However, to date, there are very few examples of polymers being used for additive processes in clinical settings. The state of the art with regards to 3D printable polymeric materials being exploited to produce novel clinically relevant implants is discussed here. We focus on the recent advances in the development of implantable, polymeric medical devices and tissue scaffolds without diverging extensively into bioprinting. By introducing the major 3D printing techniques along with current advancements in biomaterials, we hope to provide insight into how these fields may continue to advance while simultaneously reviewing the ongoing work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Weems
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | | | - Maria C Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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34
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Haring AP, Thompson EG, Hernandez RD, Laheri S, Harrigan ME, Lear T, Sontheimer H, Johnson BN. 3D Printed Multiplexed Competitive Migration Assays with Spatially Programmable Release Sources. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e1900225. [PMID: 32293127 PMCID: PMC7687855 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, a 3D printed multiplexed competitive migration assay is reported for characterizing a chemotactic response in the presence of multiple spatially distributed chemoattractants. The utility of the assay is demonstrated by examining the chemotactic response of human glioblastoma cells to spatially opposing chemotactic gradients of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bradykinin (BK). Competitive migration assays involving spatially opposing gradients of EGF and BK that are optimized in the absence of the second chemoattractant show that 46% more glioblastoma cells migrate toward EGF sources. The migration velocities of human glioblastoma cells toward EGF and BK sources are reduced by 7.6 ± 2.2% and 11.6 ± 6.3% relative to those found in the absence of the spatially opposing chemoattractant. This work provides new insight to the chemotactic response associated with glioblastoma-vasculature interactions and a versatile, user-friendly platform for characterizing the chemotactic response of cells in the presence of multiple spatially distributed chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Haring
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Emily G Thompson
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Raymundo D Hernandez
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Sahil Laheri
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Megan E Harrigan
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Taylor Lear
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer Center, Carillion Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Blake N Johnson
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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35
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Erokhin KS, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Revealing interactions of layered polymeric materials at solid-liquid interface for building solvent compatibility charts for 3D printing applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20177. [PMID: 31882642 PMCID: PMC6934857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor stability of 3D printed plastic objects in a number of solvents limits several important applications in engineering, chemistry and biology. Due to layered type of assembling, 3D-printed surfaces possess rather different properties as compared to bulk surfaces made by other methods. Here we study fundamental interactions at the solid-liquid interface and evaluate polymeric materials towards advanced additive manufacturing. A simple and universal stability test was developed for 3D printed parts and applied to a variety of thermoplastics. Specific modes of resistance/destruction were described for different plastics and their compatibility to a representative scope of solvents (aqueous and organic) was evaluated. Classification and characterization of destruction modes for a wide range of conditions (including geometry and 3D printing parameters) were carried out. Key factors of tolerance to solvent media were investigated by electron microscopy. We show that the overall stability and the mode of destruction depend on chemical properties of the polymer and the nature of interactions at the solid-liquid interface. Importantly, stability also depends on the layered microstructure of the sample, which is defined by 3D printing parameters. Developed solvent compatibility charts for a wide range of polymeric materials (ABS, PLA, PLA-Cu, PETG, SBS, Ceramo, HIPS, Primalloy, Photoresin, Nylon, Nylon-C, POM, PE, PP) and solvents represent an important benchmark for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill S Erokhin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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36
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Makhija EP, Espinosa-Hoyos D, Jagielska A, Van Vliet KJ. Mechanical regulation of oligodendrocyte biology. Neurosci Lett 2019; 717:134673. [PMID: 31838017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OL) are a subset of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord. The CNS environment is defined by complex biochemical and biophysical cues during development and response to injury or disease. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in understanding some of the key biophysical factors in the CNS that modulate OL biology, including their key role in myelination of neurons. Taken together, those studies offer translational implications for remyelination therapies, pharmacological research, identification of novel drug targets, and improvements in methods to generate human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and OLs from donor stem cells in vitro. This review summarizes current knowledge of how various physical and mechanical cues affect OL biology and its implications for disease, therapeutic approaches, and generation of human OPCs and OLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta P Makhija
- BioSystems & Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART) CREATE, Singapore 138602; Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART) CREATE, 138602, Singapore
| | - Daniela Espinosa-Hoyos
- BioSystems & Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART) CREATE, Singapore 138602; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Anna Jagielska
- BioSystems & Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART) CREATE, Singapore 138602; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
| | - Krystyn J Van Vliet
- BioSystems & Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART) CREATE, Singapore 138602; Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART) CREATE, 138602, Singapore; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
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37
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Thomason EJ, Escalante M, Osterhout DJ, Fuss B. The oligodendrocyte growth cone and its actin cytoskeleton: A fundamental element for progenitor cell migration and CNS myelination. Glia 2019; 68:1329-1346. [PMID: 31696982 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the oligodendrocyte (OLG) lineage engage in highly motile behaviors that are crucial for effective central nervous system (CNS) myelination. These behaviors include the guided migration of OLG progenitor cells (OPCs), the surveying of local environments by cellular processes extending from differentiating and pre-myelinating OLGs, and during the process of active myelin wrapping, the forward movement of the leading edge of the myelin sheath's inner tongue along the axon. Almost all of these motile behaviors are driven by actin cytoskeletal dynamics initiated within a lamellipodial structure that is located at the tip of cellular OLG/OPC processes and is structurally as well as functionally similar to the neuronal growth cone. Accordingly, coordinated stoichiometries of actin filament (F-actin) assembly and disassembly at these OLG/OPC growth cones have been implicated in directing process outgrowth and guidance, and the initiation of myelination. Nonetheless, the functional importance of the OLG/OPC growth cone still remains to be fully understood, and, as a unique aspect of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, F-actin depolymerization and disassembly start to predominate at the transition from myelination initiation to myelin wrapping. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about OLG/OPC growth cones, and it proposes a model in which actin cytoskeletal dynamics in OLG/OPC growth cones are a main driver for morphological transformations and motile behaviors. Remarkably, these activities, at least at the later stages of OLG maturation, may be regulated independently from the transcriptional gene expression changes typically associated with CNS myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Thomason
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Miguel Escalante
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Donna J Osterhout
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Qian F, Zhu C, Knipe JM, Ruelas S, Stolaroff JK, DeOtte JR, Duoss EB, Spadaccini CM, Henard CA, Guarnieri MT, Baker SE. Direct Writing of Tunable Living Inks for Bioprocess Intensification. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5829-5835. [PMID: 30702295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Critical to the success of three-dimensional (3D) printing of living materials with high performance is the development of new ink materials and 3D geometries that favor long-term cell functionality. Here we report the use of freeze-dried live cells as the solid filler to enable a new living material system for direct ink writing of catalytically active microorganisms with tunable densities and various self-supporting porous 3D geometries. Baker's yeast was used as an exemplary live whole-cell biocatalyst, and the printed structures displayed high resolution, large scale, high catalytic activity and long-term viability. An unprecedented high cell loading was achieved, and cell inks showed unique thixotropic behavior. In the presence of glucose, printed bioscaffolds exhibited increased ethanol production compared to bulk counterparts due largely to improved mass transfer through engineered porous structures. The new living materials developed in this work could serve as a versatile platform for process intensification of an array of bioconversion processes utilizing diverse microbial biocatalysts for production of high-value products or bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua R DeOtte
- University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | | | | | - Calvin A Henard
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
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Nocita E, Del Giovane A, Tiberi M, Boccuni L, Fiorelli D, Sposato C, Romano E, Basoli F, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Traversa E, Ragnini-Wilson A. EGFR/ErbB Inhibition Promotes OPC Maturation up to Axon Engagement by Co-Regulating PIP2 and MBP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080844. [PMID: 31390799 PMCID: PMC6721729 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination in the adult brain relies on the reactivation of the Neuronal Precursor Cell (NPC) niche and differentiation into Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells (OPCs) as well as on OPC maturation into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). These two distinct phases in OL development are defined by transcriptional and morphological changes. How this differentiation program is controlled remains unclear. We used two drugs that stimulate myelin basic protein (MBP) expression (Clobetasol and Gefitinib) alone or combined with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or Retinoid X Receptor gamma (RXRγ) gene silencing to decode the receptor signaling required for OPC differentiation in myelinating OLs. Electrospun polystyrene (PS) microfibers were used as synthetic axons to study drug efficacy on fiber engagement. We show that EGFR inhibition per se stimulates MBP expression and increases Clobetasol efficacy in OPC differentiation. Consistent with this, Clobetasol and Gefitinib co-treatment, by co-regulating RXRγ, MBP and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) levels, maximizes synthetic axon engagement. Conversely, RXRγ gene silencing reduces the ability of the drugs to promote MBP expression. This work provides a view of how EGFR/ErbB inhibition controls OPC differentiation and indicates the combination of Clobetasol and Gefitinib as a potent remyelination-enhancing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Nocita
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Del Giovane
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Tiberi
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Boccuni
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Fiorelli
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Sposato
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Romano
- Advanced Microscopy Center, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Traversa
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Antonella Ragnini-Wilson
- NeurotechIT Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
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40
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Unal DB, Caliari SR, Lampe KJ. Engineering biomaterial microenvironments to promote myelination in the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:159-174. [PMID: 31306690 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Promoting remyelination and/or minimizing demyelination are key therapeutic strategies under investigation for diseases and injuries like multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury, stroke, and virus-induced encephalopathy. Myelination is essential for efficacious neuronal signaling. This myelination process is originated by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Resident OPCs are capable of both proliferation and differentiation, and also migration to demyelinated injury sites. OPCs can then engage with these unmyelinated or demyelinated axons and differentiate into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes (OLs). However this process is frequently incomplete and often does not occur at all. Biomaterial strategies can now be used to guide OPC and OL development with the goal of regenerating healthy myelin sheaths in formerly damaged CNS tissue. Growth and neurotrophic factors delivered from such materials can promote proliferation of OPCs or differentiation into OLs. While cell transplantation techniques have been used to replace damaged cells in wound sites, they have also resulted in poor transplant cell viability, uncontrollable differentiation, and poor integration into the host. Biomaterial scaffolds made from extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics that are naturally or synthetically derived can improve transplanted cell survival, support both transplanted and endogenous cell populations, and direct their fate. In particular, stiffness and degradability of these scaffolds are two parameters that can influence the fate of OPCs and OLs. The future outlook for biomaterials research includes 3D in vitro models of myelination / remyelination / demyelination to better mimic and study these processes. These models should provide simple relationships of myelination to microenvironmental biophysical and biochemical properties to inform improved therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz B Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Kyle J Lampe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States.
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41
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Gill E, Willis S, Gerigk M, Cohen P, Zhang D, Li X, Huang YYS. Fabrication of Designable and Suspended Microfibers via Low-Voltage 3D Micropatterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19679-19690. [PMID: 31081331 PMCID: PMC6613729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Building two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fibrous structures in the micro- and nanoscale will offer exciting prospects for numerous applications spanning from sensors to energy storage and tissue engineering scaffolds. Electrospinning is a well-suited technique for drawing micro- to nanoscale fibers, but current methods of building electrospun fibers in 3D are restrictive in terms of printed height, design of macroscopic fiber networks, and choice of polymer. Here, we combine low-voltage electrospinning and additive manufacturing as a method to pattern layers of suspended mesofibers. Layers of fibers are suspended between 3D-printed supports in situ in multiple fiber layers and designable orientations. We examine the key working parameters to attain a threshold for fiber suspension, use those behavioral observations to establish a "fiber suspension indicator", and demonstrate its utility through design of intricate suspended fiber architectures. Individual fibers produced by this method approach the micrometer/submicrometer scale, while the overall suspended 3D fiber architecture can span over a centimeter in height. We demonstrate an application of suspended fiber architectures in 3D cell culture, utilizing patterned fiber topography to guide the assembly of suspended high-cellular-density structures. The solution-based fiber suspension patterning process we report offers a unique competence in patterning soft polymers, including extracellular matrix-like materials, in a high resolution and aspect ratio. The platform could thus offer new design and manufacturing capabilities of devices and functional products by incorporating functional fibrous elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth
L. Gill
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.
- The
Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, U.K.
| | - Samuel Willis
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.
| | - Magda Gerigk
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.
- The
Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, U.K.
| | - Paul Cohen
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.
- The
Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, U.K.
| | - Xia Li
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, U.K.
- The
Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, 11 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FF, U.K.
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42
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Cho AN, Jin Y, Kim S, Kumar S, Shin H, Kang HC, Cho SW. Aligned Brain Extracellular Matrix Promotes Differentiation and Myelination of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15344-15353. [PMID: 30974942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myelination by oligodendrocytes (OLs) is a key developmental milestone in terms of the functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelination caused by defects in OLs is a hallmark of several CNS disorders. Although a potential therapeutic strategy involves treatment with the myelin-forming cells, there is no readily available source of these cells. OLs can be differentiated from pluripotent stem cells; however, there is a lack of efficient culture systems that generate functional OLs. Here, we demonstrate biomimetic approaches to promote OL differentiation from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and to enhance the maturation and myelination capabilities of iPSC-derived OL (iPSC-OL). Functionalization of culture substrates using the brain extracellular matrix (BEM) derived from decellularized human brain tissue enhanced the differentiation of iPSCs into myelin-expressing OLs. Co-culture of iPSC-OL with induced neuronal (iN) cells on BEM substrates, which closely mimics the in vivo brain microenvironment for myelinated neurons, not only enhanced myelination of iPSC-OL but also improved electrophysiological function of iN cells. BEM-functionalized aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds further promoted the maturation of iPSC-OLs, enhanced the production of myelin sheath-like structures by the iPSC-OL, and enhanced the neurogenesis of iN cells. Thus, the biomimetic strategy presented here can generate functional OLs from stem cells and facilitate myelination by providing brain-specific biochemical, biophysical, and structural signals. Our system comprising stem cells and brain tissue from human sources could help in the establishment of human demyelination disease models and the development of regenerative cell therapy for myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sajeesh Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Center for Nanomedicine , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
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43
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Kula B, Chen T, Kukley M. Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non‐synaptic? Glia 2019; 67:2071-2091. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kula
- Group of Neuron Glia InteractionUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Graduate Training Centre for NeuroscienceUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Ting‐Jiun Chen
- Center for Neuroscience ResearchChildren's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center Washington District of Columbia
| | - Maria Kukley
- Group of Neuron Glia InteractionUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Research Institute for OphthalmologyUniversity Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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44
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Xu YKT, Chitsaz D, Brown RA, Cui QL, Dabarno MA, Antel JP, Kennedy TE. Deep learning for high-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte ensheathment at single-cell resolution. Commun Biol 2019; 2:116. [PMID: 30937398 PMCID: PMC6435748 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte myelination is a challenge that, if addressed, would facilitate the development of therapeutics to promote myelin protection and repair. Here, we established a high-throughput method to assess oligodendrocyte ensheathment in-vitro, combining nanofiber culture devices and automated imaging with a heuristic approach that informed the development of a deep learning analytic algorithm. The heuristic approach was developed by modeling general characteristics of oligodendrocyte ensheathments, while the deep learning neural network employed a UNet architecture and a single-cell training method to associate ensheathed segments with individual oligodendrocytes. Reliable extraction of multiple morphological parameters from individual cells, without heuristic approximations, allowed the UNet to match the accuracy of expert-human measurements. The capacity of this technology to perform multi-parametric analyses at the level of individual cells, while reducing manual labor and eliminating human variability, permits the detection of nuanced cellular differences to accelerate the discovery of new insights into oligodendrocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang T. Xu
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Daryan Chitsaz
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Robert A. Brown
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Qiao Ling Cui
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Matthew A. Dabarno
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
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45
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Merolli A, Mao Y, Voronin G, Steele JAM, Murthy NS, Kohn J. A method to deliver patterned electrical impulses to Schwann cells cultured on an artificial axon. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1052-1059. [PMID: 30762018 PMCID: PMC6404504 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Information from the brain travels back and forth along peripheral nerves in the form of electrical impulses generated by neurons and these impulses have repetitive patterns. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves receive molecular signals from axons to coordinate the process of myelination. There is evidence, however, that non-molecular signals play an important role in myelination in the form of patterned electrical impulses generated by neuronal activity. The role of patterned electrical impulses has been investigated in the literature using co-cultures of neurons and myelinating cells. The co-culturing method, however, prevents the uncoupling of the direct effect of patterned electrical impulses on myelinating cells from the indirect effect mediated by neurons. To uncouple these effects and focus on the direct response of Schwann cells, we developed an in vitro model where an electroconductive carbon fiber acts as an artificial axon. The fiber provides only the biophysical characteristics of an axon but does not contribute any molecular signaling. In our “suspended wire model”, the carbon fiber is suspended in a liquid media supported by a 3D printed scaffold. Patterned electrical impulses are generated by an Arduino 101 microcontroller. In this study, we describe the technology needed to set-up and eventually replicate this model. We also report on our initial in vitro tests where we were able to document the adherence and ensheath of human Schwann cells to the carbon fiber in the presence of patterned electrical impulses (hSCs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA; ScienCell fulfills the ethic requirements, including donor’s consent). This technology will likely make feasible to investigate the response of Schwann cells to patterned electrical impulses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Merolli
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yong Mao
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory Voronin
- In Vivo Research Services, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joseph A M Steele
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - N Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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46
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Vasquez HG, Zocchi G. Analog control with two Artificial Axons. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2018; 14:016017. [PMID: 30523907 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aaf123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The artificial axon is a recently introduced synthetic assembly of supported lipid bilayers and voltage gated ion channels, displaying the basic electrophysiology of nerve cells. Here we demonstrate the use of two artificial axons as control elements to achieve a simple task. Namely, we steer a remote control car towards a light source, using the sensory input dependent firing rate of the axons as the control signal for turning left or right. We present the result in the form of the analysis of a movie of the car approaching the light source. In general terms, with this work we pursue a constructivist approach to exploring the nexus between machine language at the nerve cell level and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector G Vasquez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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47
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BUILDING THE FUTURE FROM 3D BLUEPRINTS. Biotechniques 2018; 64:96-99. [PMID: 29570440 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2017-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printed biomaterials are increasingly used in cell cultures and drug screens. Given the ease of creating artificial tissues, will this technique revolutionize biomedicine and organ implants in the future?
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