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Kaur M, Fusco S, Van den Broek B, Aseervatham J, Rostami A, Iacovitti L, Grassi C, Lukomska B, Srivastava AK. Most recent advances and applications of extracellular vesicles in tackling neurological challenges. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1923-1966. [PMID: 38500405 DOI: 10.1002/med.22035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a notable increase in the global burden of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Despite advances in technology and therapeutic options, neurological and neurodegenerative disorders persist as significant challenges in treatment and cure. Recently, there has been a remarkable surge of interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication. As carriers of molecular cargo, EVs demonstrate the ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, enabling bidirectional communication. As a result, they have garnered attention as potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents, whether in their natural form or after being engineered for use in the CNS. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to EVs, encompassing various aspects such as their diverse isolation methods, characterization, handling, storage, and different routes for EV administration. Additionally, it underscores the recent advances in their potential applications in neurodegenerative disorder therapeutics. By exploring their unique capabilities, this study sheds light on the promising future of EVs in clinical research. It considers the inherent challenges and limitations of these emerging applications while incorporating the most recent updates in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bram Van den Broek
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Jefferson Stem Cell and Regenerative Neuroscience Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pignatti E, Maccaferri M, Pisciotta A, Carnevale G, Salvarani C. A comprehensive review on the role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:463-484. [PMID: 38163928 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2299729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations. Although the success of immune modulatory drug therapy is considerable, about 40% of patients do not respond to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on RA disease and on pre-clinical and clinical studies using MSCs from bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and dental pulp, to regulate the immune response. Moreover, the clinical use, safety, limitations, and future perspective of MSCs in RA are discussed. Using the PubMed database and ClincalTrials.gov, peer-reviewed full-text papers, abstracts and clinical trials were identified from 1985 through to April 2023. EXPERT OPINION MSCs demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and potential for clinical efficacy. However, it is mandatory to deepen the investigations on how MSCs affect the proinflammatory deregulated RA patients' cells. MSCs are potentially good candidates for severe RA patients not responding to conventional therapies but a long-term follow-up after stem cells treatment and standardized protocols are needed. Future research should focus on well-designed multicenter randomized clinical trials with adequate sample sizes and properly selected patients satisfying RA criteria for a valid efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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Farzaneh M, Khoshnam SE. Functional Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Ischemic Stroke Treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:2-14. [PMID: 36567297 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666221222123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a life-threatening disease and one of the leading causes of death and physical disability worldwide. Currently, no drugs on the market promote neural recovery after stroke insult, and spontaneous remodeling processes are limited to induce recovery in the ischemic regions. Therefore, promoting a cell-based therapy has been needed to elevate the endogenous recovery process. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been regarded as candidate cell sources for therapeutic purposes of ischemic stroke, and their therapeutic effects are mediated by exosomes. The microRNA cargo in these extracellular vesicles is mostly responsible for the positive effects. When it comes to the therapeutic viewpoint, MSCsderived exosomes could be a promising therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke. The aim of this review is to discuss the current knowledge around the potential of MSCs-derived exosomes in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Lee CM, Go YY, Song JJ. Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by trophoblast-conditioned medium and trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles in human middle ear epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19822. [PMID: 37963902 PMCID: PMC10645728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Otitis media is a common disease but can cause severe inner ear inflammation and hearing loss if it persists for more than two weeks. This study elucidates the inflammation-inhibiting efficacy of conditioned medium (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human trophoblast (TB) cells in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). TB-conditioned medium (TB-CM) reduced the inflammatory response and regulated mucin and epithelial sodium channel genes in LPS-induced HMEECs. The underlying mechanism of cell migration during inflammatory healing in LPS-induced HMEECs treated with TB-CM was determined by RNA-sequencing analysis. Specifically, the NF-κB pathway related to the copper metabolism MURR1 domain protein was studied and verified through siRNA. This elucidation of the anti-inflammatory effect of TB-CM and TB-derived EVs demonstrates their clinical potential to treat chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Mi Lee
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Go
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Health Care Convergence at Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Health Care Convergence at Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Z, Liang Z, Rao J, Lin F, Lin Y, Xu X, Wang C, Chen C. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles therapy in traumatic central nervous system diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2406-2412. [PMID: 37282470 PMCID: PMC10360088 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.371376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are challenges in treating traumatic central nervous system diseases, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have recently proven to be a promising non-cellular therapy. We comprehensively evaluated the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in traumatic central nervous system diseases in this meta-analysis based on preclinical studies. Our meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022327904, May 24, 2022). To fully retrieve the most relevant articles, the following databases were thoroughly searched: PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and Ovid-Embase (up to April 1, 2022). The included studies were preclinical studies of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for traumatic central nervous system diseases. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE)'s risk of bias tool was used to examine the risk of publication bias in animal studies. After screening 2347 studies, 60 studies were included in this study. A meta-analysis was conducted for spinal cord injury (n = 52) and traumatic brain injury (n = 8). The results indicated that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles treatment prominently promoted motor function recovery in spinal cord injury animals, including rat Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96-2.76, P < 0.01, I2 = 71%) and mouse Basso Mouse Scale scores (SMD = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.57-3.04, P = 0.01, I2 = 60%) compared with controls. Further, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles treatment significantly promoted neurological recovery in traumatic brain injury animals, including the modified Neurological Severity Score (SMD = -4.48, 95% CI: -6.12 to -2.84, P < 0.01, I2 = 79%) and Foot Fault Test (SMD = -3.26, 95% CI: -4.09 to -2.42, P = 0.28, I2 = 21%) compared with controls. Subgroup analyses showed that characteristics may be related to the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. For Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale scores, the efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles was higher than that of xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (allogeneic: SMD = 2.54, 95% CI: 2.05-3.02, P = 0.0116, I2 = 65.5%; xenogeneic: SMD: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.1-2.45, P = 0.0116, I2 = 74.6%). Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles separated by ultrafiltration centrifugation combined with density gradient ultracentrifugation (SMD = 3.58, 95% CI: 2.62-4.53, P < 0.0001, I2 = 31%) may be more effective than other EV isolation methods. For mouse Basso Mouse Scale scores, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles worked better than bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (placenta: SMD = 5.25, 95% CI: 2.45-8.06, P = 0.0421, I2 = 0%; bone marrow: SMD = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.23-2.41, P = 0.0421, I2 = 0%). For modified Neurological Severity Score, bone marrow-derived MSC-EVs worked better than adipose-derived MSC-EVs (bone marrow: SMD = -4.86, 95% CI: -6.66 to -3.06, P = 0.0306, I2 = 81%; adipose: SMD = -2.37, 95% CI: -3.73 to -1.01, P = 0.0306, I2 = 0%). Intravenous administration (SMD = -5.47, 95% CI: -6.98 to -3.97, P = 0.0002, I2 = 53.3%) and dose of administration equal to 100 μg (SMD = -5.47, 95% CI: -6.98 to -3.97, P < 0.0001, I2 = 53.3%) showed better results than other administration routes and doses. The heterogeneity of studies was small, and sensitivity analysis also indicated stable results. Last, the methodological quality of all trials was mostly satisfactory. In conclusion, in the treatment of traumatic central nervous system diseases, mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles may play a crucial role in promoting motor function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zeyan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yike Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiongjie Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Mohammadipoor A, Hershfield MR, Linsenbardt HR, Smith J, Mack J, Natesan S, Averitt DL, Stark TR, Sosanya NM. Biological function of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs): a review of the field. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8639-8651. [PMID: 37535245 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) theranostic potential is under intense investigation. There is a wealth of information highlighting the role that EVs and the secretome play in disease and how these are being utilized for clinical trials and novel therapeutic possibilities. However, understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of EVs remain incomplete. The challenge lies in reaching a consensus concerning standardized quality-controlled isolation, storage, and sample preparation parameters. Interest in circulating EV cargo as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is steadily growing. Though promising, various limitations need to be addressed before there can be successful, full-scale therapeutic use of approved EVs. These limitations include obtaining or manufacturing from the appropriate medium (e.g., from bodily fluid or cell culture), loading and isolating EVs, stability, and storage, standardization of processing, and determining potency. This review highlights specific topics, including circulation of abnormal EVs contribute to human disease and the theranostic potential of EVs. Theranostics is defined as a combination of the word's therapeutics and diagnostics and describes how a specific medicine or technique can function as both. Key findings include, (1) EVs and the secretome are future theranostics which will be utilized as both biomarkers for diagnosis and as therapeutics, (2) basic and translational research supports clinical trials utilizing EVs/secretome, and (3) additional investigation is required to fully unmask the theranostic potential of EVs/secretome in specific diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Mohammadipoor
- Pain and Sensory Trauma Care, Combat Research Team 5 (CRT5), US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234-4504, USA
| | - Megan R Hershfield
- Pain and Sensory Trauma Care, Combat Research Team 5 (CRT5), US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234-4504, USA
| | | | - James Smith
- Pain and Sensory Trauma Care, Combat Research Team 5 (CRT5), US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234-4504, USA
| | - James Mack
- Pain and Sensory Trauma Care, Combat Research Team 5 (CRT5), US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234-4504, USA
| | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Pain and Sensory Trauma Care, Combat Research Team 5 (CRT5), US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234-4504, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Stark
- Pain and Sensory Trauma Care, Combat Research Team 5 (CRT5), US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234-4504, USA
| | - Natasha M Sosanya
- Pain and Sensory Trauma Care, Combat Research Team 5 (CRT5), US Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR), 3698 Chambers Pass, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, 78234-4504, USA.
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Bolden CT, Skibber MA, Olson SD, Zamorano Rojas M, Milewicz S, Gill BS, Cox CS. Validation and characterization of a novel blood-brain barrier platform for investigating traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16150. [PMID: 37752338 PMCID: PMC10522590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a highly-selective physiologic barrier responsible for maintaining cerebral homeostasis. Innovative in vitro models of the BBB are needed to provide useful insights into BBB function with CNS disorders like traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is a multidimensional and highly complex pathophysiological condition that requires intrinsic models to elucidate its mechanisms. Current models either lack fluidic shear stress, or neglect hemodynamic parameters important in recapitulating the human in vivo BBB phenotype. To address these limitations in the field, we developed a fluid dynamic novel platform which closely mimics these parameters. To validate our platform, Matrigel-coated Transwells were seeded with brain microvascular endothelial cells, both with and without co-cultured primary human astrocytes and bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In this article we characterized BBB functional properties such as TEER and paracellular permeability. Our platform demonstrated physiologic relevant decreases in TEER in response to an ischemic environment, while directly measuring barrier fluid fluctuation. These recordings were followed with recovery, implying stability of the model. We also demonstrate that our dynamic platform is responsive to inflammatory and metabolic cues with resultant permeability coefficients. These results indicate that this novel dynamic platform will be a valuable tool for evaluating the recapitulating BBB function in vitro, screening potential novel therapeutics, and establishing a relevant paradigm to evaluate the pathophysiology of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Bolden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Max A Skibber
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miriam Zamorano Rojas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Milewicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brijesh S Gill
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
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Sun Z, Zhu D, Zhao H, Liu J, He P, Luan X, Hu H, Zhang X, Wei G, Xi Y. Recent advance in bioactive hydrogels for repairing spinal cord injury: material design, biofunctional regulation, and applications. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:238. [PMID: 37488557 PMCID: PMC10364437 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hydrogels show potential application in repairing spinal cord injury (SCI) due to their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties and functions. In this comprehensive review, we present recent advance in the material design, functional regulation, and SCI repair applications of bioactive hydrogels. Different from previously released reviews on hydrogels and three-dimensional scaffolds for the SCI repair, this work focuses on the strategies for material design and biologically functional regulation of hydrogels, specifically aiming to show how these significant efforts can promoting the repairing performance of SCI. We demonstrate various methods and techniques for the fabrication of bioactive hydrogels with the biological components such as DNA, proteins, peptides, biomass polysaccharides, and biopolymers to obtain unique biological properties of hydrogels, including the cell biocompatibility, self-healing, anti-bacterial activity, injectability, bio-adhesion, bio-degradation, and other multi-functions for repairing SCI. The functional regulation of bioactive hydrogels with drugs/growth factors, polymers, nanoparticles, one-dimensional materials, and two-dimensional materials for highly effective treating SCI are introduced and discussed in detail. This work shows new viewpoints and ideas on the design and synthesis of bioactive hydrogels with the state-of-the-art knowledges of materials science and nanotechnology, and will bridge the connection of materials science and biomedicine, and further inspire clinical potential of bioactive hydrogels in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Huangdao Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- The Department of Plastic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Danzhu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Huangdao Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Huangdao Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqiang Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanfen Zhang
- The Department of Plastic Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongming Xi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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El Sayed R, Shankar KM, Mankame AR, Cox CS. Innovations in cell therapy in pediatric diseases: a narrative review. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1239-1257. [PMID: 37427072 PMCID: PMC10326759 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Stem cell therapy is a regenerative medicine modality that has the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality by promoting tissue regeneration or modulating the inflammatory response. An increase in the number of clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in pediatric diseases has led to advancements in this field. Currently, multiple sources and types of stem cells have been utilized in the treatment of pediatric diseases. This review aims to inform researchers and clinicians about preclinical and clinical stem cell therapy trials in pediatric patients. We discuss the different types of stem cells and the wide spectrum of stem cell therapy trials for pediatric diseases, with an emphasis on the outcomes and advancements in the field. Methods PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched on October 28, 2022 using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "stem cell" or "stem cell therapy" with an age filter <18 years. Our search was limited to publications published between 2000 and 2022. Key Content and Findings Diverse sources of stem cells have different properties and mechanisms of action, which allow tailored application of stem cells according to the pathophysiology of the disease. Advancements in stem cell therapies for pediatric diseases have led to improvements in clinical outcomes in some pediatric diseases or in quality of life, such therapies represent a potential alternative to the current treatment modalities. Conclusions Stem cell therapy in pediatric diseases has shown promising results and outcomes. However, further studies focusing on the implementation and optimal treatment timeframe are needed. An increase in preclinical and clinical trials of stem cell therapy targeting pediatric patients is required to advance our therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan El Sayed
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karan Michael Shankar
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Atharwa Rajan Mankame
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Li X, Duan H, Wang S, Lv CX. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes reverse endometrial fibrosis by the miR-145-5p/ZEB2 axis in intrauterine adhesions. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:234-243. [PMID: 36567149 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION What is the specific mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (UCMSC-exos) in regulating endometrial repair and regeneration? DESIGN In this study, UCMSC-exos were harvested by differential ultracentrifugation from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell culture supernatant and identified with western blotting, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) at different concentrations was used to construct the intrauterine adhesions cell model. The fibrotic markers were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The effects of miR-145-5p over-expression on endometrial fibrosis were assessed. Dual luciferase assay was performed to verify the relationship between miR-145-5p and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2). RESULTS The isolated UCMSC-exos had a typical cup-shaped morphology, expressed the specific exosomal markers Alix, CD63 and TSG101, and were approximately 50-150 nm in diameter. TGFβ1 at 10 ng/ml significantly promoted endometrial fibrosis, which was reversed by 20 µg/ml UCMSC-exos. Exosomal miR-145-5p ameliorated TGFβ1-induced endometrial fibrosis. ZEB2 was inversely regulated by exosomal miR-145-5p as a direct target. CONCLUSIONS UCMSC-exos might reverse endometrial stromal cell fibrosis by regulating the miR-145-5p/ZEB2 axis, representing a potential novel strategy to promote endometrial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Hua Duan
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China.
| | - Sha Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Cheng-Xiao Lv
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
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12
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Rehman FU, Liu Y, Zheng M, Shi B. Exosomes based strategies for brain drug delivery. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121949. [PMID: 36525706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosome application has emerged as a promising nanotechnology discipline for various diseases therapeutics and diagnoses. Owing to the natural properties of efficient drug delivery, higher biocompatibility, facile traversing of physiological barriers, and subtle side effects, exosomes shorten their way to clinical translation. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound vesicles primarily involved in intercellular communication and exhibit natural blood-brain barrier (BBB) traversing ability, which enables their application as drug delivery vehicles for brain diseases treatment. Herein, we highlight recent exosome-based drug delivery endeavors for neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer therapy, summarize the obstacles and future directions in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ur Rehman
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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13
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exocytotic Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032085. [PMID: 36768406 PMCID: PMC9916886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a kind of pluripotent stem cells, have attracted much attention in orthopedic diseases, geriatric diseases, metabolic diseases, and sports functions due to their osteogenic potential, chondrogenic differentiation ability, and adipocyte differentiation. Anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, angiogenesis promotion, neurogenesis, immune regulation, and secreted growth factors, proteases, hormones, cytokines, and chemokines of MSCs have been widely studied in liver and kidney diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, many studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles of MSCs have similar functions to MSCs transplantation in all the above aspects. Here we review the research progress of MSCs and their exocrine vesicles in recent years.
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14
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Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
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15
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Bolden CT, Olson SD, Cox CS. A decade of blood-brain barrier permeability assays: Revisiting old traumatic brain injury rat data for new insights and experimental design. Microvasc Res 2023; 145:104453. [PMID: 36356686 PMCID: PMC9712264 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Increased microvascular permeability at the level of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) often leads to vasogenic brain edema following traumatic brain injury (TBI). These pathologic conditions compromise the integrity of the neurovascular unit resulting in severe brain dysfunction. To quantify this permeability and assess ionic equillibrium, preclinical researchers have relied on the use of various molecular weight permeable dyes such as Evans Blue that normally cannot enter the brain parenchyma under homeostatic conditions. Evans Blue, the most cited of the molecular weight dyes, has reported reproducibility issues because of harsh extraction processes, suboptimal detection via absorbance, and wide excitation fluorescence spectra associated with the dye. Our laboratory group transitioned to Alexa Fluor 680, a far-red dye with improved sensitivity compared to Evans Blue and thus improved reproducibility to alleviate this issue. To evaluate our reproducibility and increase the rigor of our experimental design, we retrospectively analyzed our controlled cortical impact (CCI) experiments over the past 10 years to evaluate effect size with larger samples and potential sources of variability. All of our BBB permeability experiments were performed with Male, Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 225 and 300 g. Historically, Sprague Dawleys were randomly divided into treatment groups: SHAM, CCI, and a stem cell-based treatment from years 2007-2020. The assessment of microvascular hyperpermeability were evaluated by comparing the mean at minimum threshold, area at 1 k-2 k, and intensity density obtained from Alexa Fluor 680 permeability data. Studies utilizing Evans Blue were further compared by tip depth, diameter size, and the hemisphere of injury. Statistical evaluation utilizing the G Power software analysis did not yield a significant difference in sample size comparing experimental groups for Evans Blue and Alexa Fluor 680 analyzed brain tissue. Our analysis also demonstrated a trend in that recent studies (years 2018-2020) have yielded more compact sample sizes between experimental groups in Alexa Fluor 680 analyzed rats. This retrospective study further revealed that Alexa Fluor 680 image analysis provides greater sensitivity to BBB permeability following TBI in comparison to Evans Blue. Significant differences in sample size were not detected between Evans Blue and Alexa Fluor 680; there were significant differences found throughout year to year analysis at the lower range of thresholds. SUMMARY STATEMENT: This work provides a comparative analysis of BBB permeability assay techniques after CCI model of injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris T Bolden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center for Translational Injury Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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A Comparative Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles' Local and Systemic Dose-Dependent Administration in Rat Spinal Cord Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121853. [PMID: 36552362 PMCID: PMC9775578 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological condition that causes severe disability. One of the approaches to overcoming the complications of SCI is stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy. In this research, we performed a comparative evaluation of rat spinal cord post-traumatic regeneration efficacy using different methods of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV transplantation (local vs. systemic) followed by evaluation of their minimal therapeutic dose. The results suggested that MSC-EV therapy could improve locomotor activity over 60 days after the SCI, showing a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of spinal cord motor pathways. We also established the possibility of maintaining a population of mature oligodendrocytes by MSC-EVs. It was observed that in the spinal cord injury area, intravenous transplantation of MSC-EVs showed more pronounced therapeutic effects compared to the treatment of fibrin matrix-encapsulated MSC-EVs.
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17
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Yoshizaki K, Nishida H, Tabata Y, Jo JI, Nakase I, Akiyoshi H. Controlled release of canine MSC-derived extracellular vesicles by cationized gelatin hydrogels. Regen Ther 2022; 22:1-6. [PMID: 36582604 PMCID: PMC9761439 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising form of regenerative therapy. Therapeutic application of EVs remains difficult due to the short half-life of EVs in vivo and their rapid clearance from the body. We have developed cationized gelatin hydrogels that prolong the retention of EVs to overcome this problem. Methods Canine MSCs were isolated from bone marrow. MSC-derived EVs were isolated from the culture supernatant by ultracentrifugation. Gelatin was mixed with ethylene diamine anhydrate to cationized. Distinct cross-linked cationized gelatin hydrogels were created by thermal dehydration. Hydrogels were implanted into the back subcutis of mice in order to evaluate the degradation profiles. Hydrogels with collagenase were incubated at 37 °C in vitro to quantize the release of EVs from hydrogels. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of EVs after release from the hydrogels. Results The cationized gelatin hydrogels suppressed EV release in PBS. More than 60% of immobilized EVs are not released from the hydrogels. The cationized hydrogels released EVs in a sustainable manner and prolonged the retention time of EVs depending on the intensity of cross-linking after degradation by collagenase. The expression of IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells was lower in EVs released from the hydrogels than in controls. Conclusions Our results indicate that the controlled release of EVs can be achieved by cationized gelatin hydrogels. The released EVs experimentally confirmed to be effective in reducing proinflammatory response. The cationized gelatin hydrogels appear to be useful biomaterials for releasing canine MSC-derived EVs for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Yoshizaki
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58, Rinku Oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan. Fax: +81 724-63-5476
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Corresponding author. Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. Fax: +81 75-751-4646
| | - Jun-ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Life and Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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18
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de Almeida Fuzeta M, Gonçalves PP, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Cabral JMS, Bernardes N, da Silva CL. From Promise to Reality: Bioengineering Strategies to Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110675. [PMID: 36354586 PMCID: PMC9687169 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been the focus of great attention over the last decade, considering their promising application as next-generation therapeutics. EVs have emerged as relevant mediators of intercellular communication, being associated with multiple physiological processes, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Given their natural ability to shuttle messages between cells, EVs have been explored both as inherent therapeutics in regenerative medicine and as drug delivery vehicles targeting multiple diseases. However, bioengineering strategies are required to harness the full potential of EVs for therapeutic use. For that purpose, a good understanding of EV biology, from their biogenesis to the way they are able to shuttle messages and establish interactions with recipient cells, is needed. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art on EV biology, complemented by representative examples of EVs roles in several pathophysiological processes, as well as the intrinsic therapeutic properties of EVs and paradigmatic strategies to produce and develop engineered EVs as next-generation drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro P. Gonçalves
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (C.L.d.S.)
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.B.); (C.L.d.S.)
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19
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Calderazzo S, Covert M, Alba DD, Bowley BE, Pessina MA, Rosene DL, Buller B, Medalla M, Moore TL. Neural recovery after cortical injury: Effects of MSC derived extracellular vesicles on motor circuit remodeling in rhesus monkeys. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:243-254. [PMID: 36590089 PMCID: PMC9795302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of motor circuits in the cortex and corticospinal tract are thought to underlie functional recovery after cortical injury, but the mechanisms of neural plasticity that could be therapeutic targets remain unclear. Recent work from our group have shown that systemic treatment with mesenchymal stem cell derived (MSCd) extracellular vesicles (EVs) administered after cortical damage to the primary motor cortex (M1) of rhesus monkeys resulted in a robust recovery of fine motor function and reduced chronic inflammation. Here, we used immunohistochemistry for cfos, an activity-dependent intermediate early gene, to label task-related neurons in the surviving primary motor and premotor cortices, and markers of axonal and synaptic plasticity in the spinal cord. Compared to vehicle, EV treatment was associated with a greater density of cfos+ pyramidal neurons in the deep layers of M1, greater density of cfos+ inhibitory interneurons in premotor areas, and lower density of synapses on MAP2+ lower motor neurons in the cervical spinal cord. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of EVs may reduce injury-related upper motor neuron damage and hyperexcitability, as well as aberrant compensatory re-organization in the cervical spinal cord to improve motor function.
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Key Words
- CB, Calbindin
- CR, Calretinin
- CSC, Cervical Spinal Cord
- Circuit Remodeling
- Cortical Injury
- DH, Dorsal Horn
- EVs, Extracellular Vesicles
- Extracellular Vesicles
- Ischemia
- LCST, Lateral Corticospinal Tract
- M1, Primary Motor Cortex
- MAP2, Microtubule Associated Protein 2
- MSCd, Mesenchymal Stem Cell derived
- Motor Cortex
- NHP, Non-Human Primate
- PV, Parvalbumin
- Plasticity
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SYN, Synaptophysin
- Stem Cell-Based Treatments
- VH, Ventral Horn
- dPMC, dorsal Premotor Cortex
- miRNA, Micro RNA
- periM1, Perilesional Primary Motor Cortex
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Anatomy and Neurobiology Dept, BUSM, USA,Center for Systems Neuroscience, BU, USA
| | | | - Maria Medalla
- Anatomy and Neurobiology Dept, BUSM, USA,Center for Systems Neuroscience, BU, USA
| | - Tara L. Moore
- Anatomy and Neurobiology Dept, BUSM, USA,Center for Systems Neuroscience, BU, USA
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20
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Zhang E, Phan P, Zhao Z. Cellular nanovesicles for therapeutic immunomodulation: A perspective on engineering strategies and new advances. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1789-1827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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21
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WKYMVm/FPR2 Alleviates Spinal Cord Injury by Attenuating the Inflammatory Response of Microglia. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:4408099. [PMID: 35935810 PMCID: PMC9348919 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4408099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common traumatic disease of the nervous system. The pathophysiological process of SCI includes primary injury and secondary injuries. An excessive inflammatory response leads to secondary tissue damage, which in turn exacerbates cellular and organ dysfunction. Due to the irreversibility of primary injury, current research on SCI mainly focuses on secondary injury, and the inflammatory response is considered the primary target. Thus, modulating the inflammatory response has been suggested as a new strategy for the treatment of SCI. In this study, microglial cell lines, primary microglia, and a rat SCI model were used, and we found that WKYMVm/FPR2 plays an anti-inflammatory role and reduces tissue damage after SCI by suppressing the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. FPR2 was activated by WKYMVm, suppressing the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by inhibiting M1 microglial polarization. Moreover, FPR2 activation by WKYMVm could reduce structural disorders and neuronal loss in SCI rats. Overall, this study illustrated that the activation of FPR2 by WKYMVm repressed M1 microglial polarization by suppressing the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways to alleviate tissue damage and locomotor decline after SCI. These findings provide further insight into SCI and help identify novel treatment strategies.
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22
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Pinelli F, Pizzetti F, Veneruso V, Petillo E, Raghunath M, Perale G, Veglianese P, Rossi F. Biomaterial-Mediated Factor Delivery for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071673. [PMID: 35884981 PMCID: PMC9313204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an injurious process that begins with immediate physical damage to the spinal cord and associated tissues during an acute traumatic event. However, the tissue damage expands in both intensity and volume in the subsequent subacute phase. At this stage, numerous events exacerbate the pathological condition, and therein lies the main cause of post-traumatic neural degeneration, which then ends with the chronic phase. In recent years, therapeutic interventions addressing different neurodegenerative mechanisms have been proposed, but have met with limited success when translated into clinical settings. The underlying reasons for this are that the pathogenesis of SCI is a continued multifactorial disease, and the treatment of only one factor is not sufficient to curb neural degeneration and resulting paralysis. Recent advances have led to the development of biomaterials aiming to promote in situ combinatorial strategies using drugs/biomolecules to achieve a maximized multitarget approach. This review provides an overview of single and combinatorial regenerative-factor-based treatments as well as potential delivery options to treat SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Pizzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Valeria Veneruso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emilia Petillo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-02-3901-4205 (P.V.); +39-02-2399-3145 (F.R.)
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-02-3901-4205 (P.V.); +39-02-2399-3145 (F.R.)
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23
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Gao T, Huang F, Wang W, Xie Y, Wang B. Interleukin-10 genetically modified clinical-grade mesenchymal stromal cells markedly reinforced functional recovery after spinal cord injury via directing alternative activation of macrophages. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:27. [PMID: 35300585 PMCID: PMC8931978 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After spinal cord injury (SCI), dysregulated or nonresolving inflammatory processes can severely disturb neuronal homeostasis and drive neurodegeneration. Although mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have showed certain therapeutic efficacy, no MSC therapy has reached its full clinical goal. In this study, we examine interleukin-10 (IL10) genetically modified clinical-grade MSCs (IL10-MSCs) and evaluate their clinical safety, effectiveness, and therapeutic mechanism in a completely transected SCI mouse model. Methods We established stable IL10-overexpressing human umbilical-cord-derived MSCs through electric transduction and screened out clinical-grade IL10-MSCs according to the criteria of cell-based therapeutic products, which were applied to mice with completely transected SCI by repeated tail intravenous injections. Then we comprehensively investigated the motor function, histological structure, and nerve regeneration in SCI mice, and further explored the potential therapeutic mechanism after IL10-MSC treatment. Results IL10-MSC treatment markedly reinforced locomotor improvement, accompanied with decreased lesion volume, regeneration of axons, and preservation of neurons, compared with naïve unmodified MSCs. Further, IL10-MSC transplantation increased the ratio of microglia to infiltrated alternatively activated macrophages (M2), and reduced the ratio of classically activated macrophages (M1) at the injured spinal cord, meanwhile increasing the percentage of Treg and Th2 cells, and reducing the percentage of Th1 cells in the peripheral circulatory system. In addition, IL10-MSC administration could prevent apoptosis and promote neuron differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) under inflammatory conditions in vitro. Conclusions IL10-MSCs exhibited a reliable safety profile and demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in SCI compared with naïve MSCs, providing solid support for future clinical application of genetically engineered MSCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00325-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Gao
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Clinic Stem Cell Research, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes Suppress Neuronal Cell Ferroptosis Via lncGm36569/miR-5627-5p/FSP1 Axis in Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1127-1142. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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DiStefano TJ, Vaso K, Danias G, Chionuma HN, Weiser JR, Iatridis JC. Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100596. [PMID: 34297485 PMCID: PMC8783929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emergent approaches in regenerative medicine look toward the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a next-generation treatment strategy for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) because of their ability to attenuate chronic inflammation, reduce apoptosis, and stimulate proliferation in a number of tissue systems. Yet, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved EV therapeutics in the market with an indication for IVDD, which motivates this article to review the current state of the field and provide an IVD-specific framework to assess its efficacy. In this systematic review, 29 preclinical studies that investigate EVs in relation to the IVD are identified, and additionally, the regulatory approval process is reviewed in an effort to accelerate emerging EV-based therapeutics toward FDA submission and timeline-to-market. The majority of studies focus on nucleus pulposus responses to EV treatment, where the main findings show that stem cell-derived EVs can decelerate the progression of IVDD on the molecular, cellular, and organ level. The findings also highlight the importance of the EV parent cell's pathophysiological and differentiation state, which affects downstream treatment responses and therapeutic outcomes. This systematic review substantiates the use of EVs as a promising cell-free strategy to treat IVDD and enhance endogenous repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. DiStefano
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Keti Vaso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York NY, USA
| | - George Danias
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Henry N. Chionuma
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Weiser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York NY, USA
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
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26
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Markoutsa E, Mayilsamy K, Gulick D, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. Extracellular vesicles derived from inflammatory-educated stem cells reverse brain inflammation-implication of miRNAs. Mol Ther 2022; 30:816-830. [PMID: 34371179 PMCID: PMC8821927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the development of age-related diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, neuronal cell death is attributed to amyloidbeta oligomers that trigger microglial activation. Stem cells have shown promise as therapies for inflammatory diseases- because of their paracrine activity combined with their ability to respond to the inflammatory environment. However, the mechanisms underlying stem cell-promoted neurological recovery are poorly understood. To elucidate these mechanisms, we first primed stem cells with the secretome of lipopolysaccharide- or amyloidbeta-activated microglia. Then, we compared the immunomodulatory effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from primed and non-primed stem cells. Our results demonstrate that EVs from primed cells are more effective in inhibiting microglia and astrocyte activation, amyloid deposition, demyelination, memory loss and motor and anxiety-like behavioral dysfunction, compared to EVs from non-primed cells. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling revealed the upregulation of at least 19 miRNAs on primed-stem cell EVs. The miRNA targets were identified, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the overexpressed miRNAs target key genes on the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. Overall, our results demonstrate that priming mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the secretome of activated microglia results in the release of miRNAs from EVs with enhanced immune regulatory potential able to fight neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Markoutsa
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,Division of Translational Medicine and Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Corresponding author: Eleni Markoutsa, Division of Translational Medicine and Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Mrsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Mrsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, USA
| | - Dannielle Gulick
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Mrsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, USA
| | - Shyam S. Mohapatra
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,Division of Translational Medicine and Center for Research and Education in Nanobio-engineering, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,College of Pharmacy Graduate Programs, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Mrsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, USA,Corresponding author: Subhra Mohapatra, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Mrsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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27
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Romanelli P, Bieler L, Heimel P, Škokić S, Jakubecova D, Kreutzer C, Zaunmair P, Smolčić T, Benedetti B, Rohde E, Gimona M, Hercher D, Dobrivojević Radmilović M, Couillard-Despres S. Enhancing Functional Recovery Through Intralesional Application of Extracellular Vesicles in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:795008. [PMID: 35046776 PMCID: PMC8762366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.795008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Local inflammation plays a pivotal role in the process of secondary damage after spinal cord injury. We recently reported that acute intravenous application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells dampens the induction of inflammatory processes following traumatic spinal cord injury. However, systemic application of EVs is associated with delayed delivery to the site of injury and the necessity for high doses to reach therapeutic levels locally. To resolve these two constraints, we injected EVs directly at the lesion site acutely after spinal cord injury. We report here that intralesional application of EVs resulted in a more robust improvement of motor recovery, assessed with the BBB score and sub-score, as compared to the intravenous delivery. Moreover, the intralesional application was more potent in reducing inflammation and scarring after spinal cord injury than intravenous administration. Hence, the development of EV-based therapy for spinal cord injury should aim at an early application of vesicles close to the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Romanelli
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Innovacell AG, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siniša Škokić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominika Jakubecova
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pia Zaunmair
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tomislav Smolčić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Benedetti
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV-TT), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV-TT), Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program "Nanovesicular Therapies", Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Dobrivojević Radmilović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Alsaadi N, Srinivasan AJ, Seshadri A, Shiel M, Neal MD, Scott MJ. The emerging therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in trauma. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:93-111. [PMID: 34533241 PMCID: PMC9169334 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0621-298r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite significant advances in treatments. Most deaths occur either very early, through massive head trauma/CNS injury or exsanguination (despite advances in transfusion medicine), or later after injury often through multiple organ failure and secondary infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to increase in the circulation after trauma and have been used to limited extent as diagnostic and prognostic markers. More intriguingly, EVs are now being investigated as both causes of pathologies post trauma, such as trauma-induced coagulopathy, and as potential treatments. In this review, we highlight what is currently known about the role and effects of EVs in various aspects of trauma, as well as exploring current literature from investigators who have begun to use EVs therapeutically to alter the physiology and pathology of traumatic insults. The potential effectiveness of using EVs therapeutically in trauma is supported by a large number of experimental studies, but there is still some way to go before we understand the complex effects of EVs in what is already a complex disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijmeh Alsaadi
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amudan J. Srinivasan
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anupamaa Seshadri
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Shiel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- Division of General and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Wang Y, Xu H, Wang J, Yi H, Song Y. Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Injury: A Mini-Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:317-327. [PMID: 35352667 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220330005937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefiting from in-depth research into stem cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are byproducts of cells and membrane-wrapped microvesicles (30-120 nm) containing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, may cast light on the research and development of therapeutics capable of improving the neurological recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) animals. However, the mechanistic modes of action for EVs in alleviating the lesion size of SCI remain to be solved, thus presenting a tremendous gap existing in translation from the laboratory to the clinic. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this minireview was to cover a wide range of basic views on EVs involved in SCI treatment, including the effects of EVs on the pathogenesis, treatment, and diagnosis of spinal cord injury. METHODS We searched databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and EMBASE) and acquired all accessible articles published in the English language within five years. Studies reporting laboratory applications of EVs in the treatment of SCI were included and screened to include studies presenting relevant molecular mechanisms. RESULTS This review first summarized the basic role of EVs in cell communication, cell death, inflammatory cascades, scar formation, neuronal regrowth, and angiogenesis after SCI, thereby providing insights into neuroprotection and consolidated theories for future clinical application of EVs. CONCLUSION EVs participate in an extremely wide range of cell activities, play a critical role in cell communication centring neurons, and are considered potential therapies and biomarkers for SCI. miRNAs are the most abundant nucleic acids shipped by EVs and effluent cytokines, and they may represent important messengers of EVs and important factors in SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hualiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hanxiao Yi
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107, YanJiang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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30
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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31
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Rozier P, Maumus M, Maria ATJ, Toupet K, Jorgensen C, Guilpain P, Noël D. Lung Fibrosis Is Improved by Extracellular Vesicles from IFNγ-Primed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Murine Systemic Sclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:2727. [PMID: 34685707 PMCID: PMC8535048 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disease for which mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapy was reported to reduce SSc-related symptoms in pre-clinical studies. Recently, extracellular vesicles released by MSCs (MSC-EVs) were shown to mediate most of their therapeutic effect. Here, we aimed at improving their efficacy by increasing the MSC-EV dose or by IFNγ-priming of MSCs. METHODS small size (ssEVs) and large size EVs (lsEVs) were recovered from murine MSCs that were pre-activated using 1 or 20 ng/mL of IFNγ. In the HOCl-induced model of SSc, mice were treated with EVs at day 21 and sacrificed at day 42. Lung and skin samples were collected for histological and molecular analyses. RESULTS increasing the dose of MSC-EVs did not add benefit to the dose previously reported to be efficient in SSc. By contrast, IFNγ pre-activation improved MSC-EVs-based treatment, essentially in the lungs. Low doses of IFNγ decreased the expression of fibrotic markers, while high doses improved remodeling and anti-inflammatory markers. IFNγ pre-activation upregulated iNos, IL1ra and Il6 in MSCs and ssEVs and the PGE2 protein in lsEVs. CONCLUSION IFNγ-pre-activation improved the therapeutic effect of MSC-EVs preferentially in the lungs of SSc mice by modulating anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rozier
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.J.M.); (K.T.); (C.J.); (P.G.)
| | - Marie Maumus
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.J.M.); (K.T.); (C.J.); (P.G.)
| | - Alexandre Thibault Jacques Maria
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.J.M.); (K.T.); (C.J.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Multi-Organic Diseases, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Toupet
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.J.M.); (K.T.); (C.J.); (P.G.)
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.J.M.); (K.T.); (C.J.); (P.G.)
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Guilpain
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.J.M.); (K.T.); (C.J.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Multi-Organic Diseases, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, 34295 Montpellier, France; (P.R.); (M.M.); (A.T.J.M.); (K.T.); (C.J.); (P.G.)
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Disease Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU, 34295 Montpellier, France
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32
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Wu J, Piao Y, Liu Q, Yang X. Platelet-rich plasma-derived extracellular vesicles: A superior alternative in regenerative medicine? Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13123. [PMID: 34609779 PMCID: PMC8666280 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), due to its promising therapeutic properties, has been used in regenerative medicine for more than 30 years and numerous encouraging outcomes have been obtained. Currently, by benefiting from new insights into PRP mechanisms and the excellent performance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the field of tissue repair and regeneration, studies have found that a large number of EVs released from activated platelets also participate in the regulation of tissue repair. A growing number of preclinical studies are exploring the functions of PRP-derived EVs (PRP-EVs), especially in tissue regeneration. Here, we summarize the latest progress in PRP-EVs as a superior alternative cell-free therapeutic strategy in regenerative medicine, clarify their underlying molecular mechanisms, and discuss the advantages and limitations of the upcoming clinical applications. This review highlights the potential of PRP-EVs to replace the application of PRP or even become a superior alternative in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingxin Piao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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33
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Hovhannisyan L, Czechowska E, Gutowska-Owsiak D. The Role of Non-Immune Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702381. [PMID: 34489951 PMCID: PMC8417238 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and especially exosomes, have been shown to mediate information exchange between distant cells; this process directly affects the biological characteristics and functionality of the recipient cell. As such, EVs significantly contribute to the shaping of immune responses in both physiology and disease states. While vesicles secreted by immune cells are often implicated in the allergic process, growing evidence indicates that EVs from non-immune cells, produced in the stroma or epithelia of the organs directly affected by inflammation may also play a significant role. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of allergy to which those EVs contribute, with a particular focus on small EVs (sEVs). Finally, we also give a clinical perspective regarding the utilization of the EV-mediated communication route for the benefit of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Hovhannisyan
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of in vitro Studies, Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Czechowska
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Danuta Gutowska-Owsiak
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Jia Y, Lu T, Chen Q, Pu X, Ji L, Yang J, Luo C. Exosomes secreted from sonic hedgehog-modified bone mesenchymal stem cells facilitate the repair of rat spinal cord injuries. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2297-2306. [PMID: 33821317 PMCID: PMC8270837 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can cause a loss of neurons and associated sensory and motor functionality below the injured site. No approaches to treating SCIs in humans have been developed to date. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that hold promise as a potential therapeutic modality when treating such injuries. The present study was thus designed to determine whether sonic hedgehog (Shh)-overexpressing bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosomes were protective in the context of SCIs. METHODS Exosomes were extracted from control or Shh lentivirus-transduced BMSCs, yielding respective BMSC-Exo and BMSC-Shh-Exo preparations which were intravenously injected into SCI model rats. Shh expression in spinal cord tissues in these animals was then assessed via immunohistochemical staining, while Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores were utilized to measure high limb motor function. Neuronal damage and regeneration within the spinal cord were additionally evaluated via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), Nissl, hematoxylin and eosin, and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS Both BMSC-Exo and BMSC-Shh-Exo preparations significantly increased Shh expression in the spinal cord of SCI model rats and improved BBB scores in these treated animals, while also increasing the frequencies of Nissl- and NeuN-positive neurons are reducing the numbers of apoptotic and GFAP-positive neurons. While both treatments yielded some degree of benefit to treated animals relative to untreated controls, BMSC-Shh-Exos were more beneficial than were control BMSC-Exos. CONCLUSIONS Shh-overexpressing BMSC-derived exosomes represent an effective treatment that can facilitate SCI repair in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province Osteological Hospital, 123 Shachong South Street, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Tingsheng Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province Osteological Hospital, 123 Shachong South Street, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiling Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province Osteological Hospital, 123 Shachong South Street, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xingwei Pu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province Osteological Hospital, 123 Shachong South Street, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Linsong Ji
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province Osteological Hospital, 123 Shachong South Street, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jianwen Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province Osteological Hospital, 123 Shachong South Street, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunshan Luo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guizhou Province Osteological Hospital, 123 Shachong South Street, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou Province, China.
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Guo S, Redenski I, Levenberg S. Spinal Cord Repair: From Cells and Tissue Engineering to Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081872. [PMID: 34440641 PMCID: PMC8394921 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition, often leading to severe motor, sensory, or autonomic nervous dysfunction. As the holy grail of regenerative medicine, promoting spinal cord tissue regeneration and functional recovery are the fundamental goals. Yet, effective regeneration of injured spinal cord tissues and promotion of functional recovery remain unmet clinical challenges, largely due to the complex pathophysiology of the condition. The transplantation of various cells, either alone or in combination with three-dimensional matrices, has been intensively investigated in preclinical SCI models and clinical trials, holding translational promise. More recently, a new paradigm shift has emerged from cell therapy towards extracellular vesicles as an exciting "cell-free" therapeutic modality. The current review recapitulates recent advances, challenges, and future perspectives of cell-based spinal cord tissue engineering and regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (S.L.)
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Shao M, Jin M, Xu S, Zheng C, Zhu W, Ma X, Lv F. Exosomes from Long Noncoding RNA-Gm37494-ADSCs Repair Spinal Cord Injury via Shifting Microglial M1/M2 Polarization. Inflammation 2021; 43:1536-1547. [PMID: 32307615 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to severe motor and sensory dysfunction, causing high mortality and disability rates. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (ADSCs), especially hypoxia-pretreated ADSCs, represent an effective therapy for SCI by promoting the secretion of exosomes (Exos). Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes secreted by ADSCs under hypoxia (HExos) and explored potential target molecules. We utilized nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, qRT-PCR, and western blotting to analyze differences between HExos and Exos groups. The expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was examined by high-throughput sequencing. The therapeutic effects of different Exos treatments were compared in vitro and in an SCI model in vivo. The interaction between lncRNAs, microRNAs, and mRNA was examined by luciferase reporter experiments. We employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence to measure inflammatory factor expression and microglial polarization. The results showed that HExos was more effective than Exos for repairing SCI by suppressing inflammatory factor expression, promoting functional recovery, and shifting microglia from M1 to M2 polarization. High-throughput sequencing showed that LncGm37494 expression was significantly higher in HExos than Exos, and its upregulation promoted microglial M1/M2 polarization by inhibiting miR-130b-3p and promoting PPARγ expression, as shown by luciferase reporter experiments. Exos from lncGm37494 overexpressing ADSCs showed a similar therapeutic effect than HExos. The results indicated that HExos repair SCI by delivering lncGm37494, advising that lncGm3749 functions importantly in microenvironmental regulation and shows possibility for SCI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chaojun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feizhou Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Khalatbary AR. Stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell free therapy against spinal cord injury. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101559. [PMID: 34052745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that stem cell therapy has beneficial effects on spinal cord injury. It was subsequently established that these beneficial effects may be mediated through release of paracrine factors, a kind of extracellular vesicle known as exosomes. Stem cell-secreted nano-sized exosomes have shown great potential to reduce apoptosis and inflammation, enhance angiogenesis, and improve functional behavioral recovery following spinal cord injury. This review summarizes current knowledge about the influence of exosomes derived from stem cells on spinal cord protection and regeneration with their molecular mechanisms after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano- to micro- sized vesicles released from cells, have garnered attention in recent years for their role in intercellular communication. Specifically, EVs from various cell sources including stem cells, have shown to have an exacerbatory or therapeutic effect in the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory environments through their interaction with immune recipient cells. This review aims to the coalescence information surrounding EVs derived from various sources and their interaction with microglia in neutral, anti, and pro- inflammatory environments. Overall, in homeostatic environments, EVs from many CNS lineages have been shown to have specific interactions with recipient microglia. In complex inflammatory environments, such as the tumor micro-environment (TME), EVs have been shown to further influence immune dampening through transition of microglia to a more M2-like phenotype. While not advantageous in the TME, this effect can be harnessed therapeutically in proinflammatory neurological conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's. EVs derived from various stem cell and non-stem cell derived sources were found to attenuate proinflammatory responses in microglia in in vitro and in vivo models of these conditions. EVs loaded with anti-inflammatory therapeutics furthered this anti-inflammatory effect on recipient microglia. Graphical Abstract Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from multiple cells types modulate microglial polarization. Cartoon depicting common ways microglia are activated through inflammatory and disease processes. EVs, derived from stem and non-stem sources, have been shown to attenuate proinflammatory responses in in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Spellicy
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 425 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- University System of Georgia MD/PhD Program, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, 425 River Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Aruna Bio Inc, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Ma T, Wu J, Mu J, Gao J. Biomaterials reinforced MSCs transplantation for spinal cord injury repair. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 17:4-19. [PMID: 35261642 PMCID: PMC8888140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanism, spinal cord injury (SCI) has become one of the most intractable central nervous system (CNS) diseases to therapy. Stem cell transplantation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) particularly, appeals to more and more attention along with the encouraging therapeutic results for the functional regeneration of SCI. However, traditional cell transplantation strategies have some limitations, including the unsatisfying survival rate of MSCs and their random diffusion from the injection site to ambient tissues. The application of biomaterials in tissue engineering provides a new horizon. Biomaterials can not only confine MSCs in the injured lesions with higher cell viability, but also promote their therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the strategies and advantages of biomaterials reinforced MSCs transplantation to treat SCI in recent years, which are clarified in the light of various therapeutic effects in pathophysiological aspects of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiafu Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding author.
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Dabrowska S, Andrzejewska A, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Immunomodulatory and Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles: Therapeutic Outlook for Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 11:591065. [PMID: 33613514 PMCID: PMC7893976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic, multipotent stem cells derived from mesoderm, which can be easily isolated from many sources such as bone marrow, umbilical cord or adipose tissue. MSCs provide support for hematopoietic stem cells and have an ability to differentiate into multiple cell lines. Moreover, they have proangiogenic, protective and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs have the capacity to modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, which accompany many diseases, by inhibiting pro-inflammatory reactions and stimulating anti-inflammatory activity. Recent findings revealed that the positive effect of MSCs is at least partly associated with the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are small membrane structures, containing proteins, lipids and nuclei acids, which take part in intra-cellular communication. Many studies indicate that EVs contain protective and pro-regenerative properties and can modulate an immune response that is activated in various diseases such as CNS diseases, myocardial infarction, liver injury, lung diseases, ulcerative colitis or kidney injury. Thus, EVs have similar functions as their cells of origin and since they do not carry the risk of cell transplantation, such as tumor formation or small vessel blockage, they can be considered a potential therapeutic tool for cell-free therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dabrowska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw, Poland.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Center for Advanced Imaging Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
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Muhammad SA. Are extracellular vesicles new hope in clinical drug delivery for neurological disorders? Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104955. [PMID: 33412233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) for intercellular communication. EVs are natural nanovesicles that are surrounded by lipid bilayer for delivery of assorted cargoes for therapeutic purposes. In addition to their therapeutic roles, these vesicles are potential drug delivery systems. Exosomes are the most studied EVs as the delivery carriers that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) because of their nanosize. BBB is a diffusion barrier that is selective for small molecules to transit from blood to the brain. This barrier has been an obstacle for the delivery of drugs to the brain for the treatment of neurological disorders (NDs). For efficient drug delivery, synthetic vesicles such as liposomes have been employed as carriers for delivery of therapeutic molecules in clinical practice. However, these delivery systems are not without drawbacks. Among the limitations of these drug carriers include recognition by the body as foreign particles that encounter multiple defence systems that could recognize, neutralize and eliminate them. EVs are natural vesicles that may circumvent the body defence system to remain in systemic circulation for a long time. This unique property made them excellent drug delivery vehicles for clinical application. Here I discuss the progress, challenges and future directions of EVs (especially exosomes) as vehicles for targeted delivery of drug and at the same time deliver their cargoes for regenerative purposes in NDs. Recent developments in bioengineering and microfluidic technologies, which hold promise for clinical-grade production of EVs as drug delivery systems for NDs are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
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Zhang L, Zhuang X, Kotitalo P, Keller T, Krzyczmonik A, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O, Forsback S, Grönroos TJ, Han C, López-Picón FR, Xia H. Intravenous transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells reduces neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury via interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1147-1161. [PMID: 33391526 PMCID: PMC7738890 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation has emerged as a promising therapy for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. In the present study, we explored the possible mechanisms of OECs transplantation underlying neuroinflammation modulation. Methods: Spinal cord inflammation after intravenous OEC transplantation was detected in vivo and ex vivo by translocator protein PET tracer [18F]F-DPA. To track transplanted cells, OECs were transduced with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and HSV1-39tk using lentiviral vector and were monitored by fluorescence imaging and [18F]FHBG study. Protein microarray analysis and ELISA studies were employed to analyze differential proteins in the injured spinal cord after OEC transplantation. The anti-inflammation function of the upregulated protein was also proved by in vitro gene knocking down experiments and OECs/microglia co-culture experiment. Results: The inflammation in the spinal cord was decreased after OEC intravenous transplantation. The HSV1-39tk-eGFP-transduced OECs showed no accumulation in major organs and were found at the injury site. After OEC transplantation, in the spinal cord tissues, the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was highly upregulated while many chemokines, including pro-inflammatory chemokines IL-1α, IL-1β were downregulated. In vitro studies confirmed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus triggered OECs to secrete IL-1Ra. OECs significantly suppressed LPS-stimulated microglial activity, whereas IL-1Ra gene knockdown significantly reduced their ability to modulate microglial activity. Conclusion: The OECs that reached the lesion site were activated by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated microglia in the lesion site and secreted IL-1Ra to reduce neuroinflammation. Intravenous transplantation of OECs has high therapeutic effectiveness for the treatment of SCI via the secretion of IL-1Ra to reduce neuroinflammation.
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Dubey SK, Alexander A, Sivaram M, Agrawal M, Singhvi G, Sharma S, Dayaramani R. Uncovering the Diversification of Tissue Engineering on the Emergent Areas of Stem Cells, Nanotechnology and Biomaterials. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:187-201. [PMID: 31957615 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200103124821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Damaged or disabled tissue is life-threatening due to the lack of proper treatment. Many conventional transplantation methods like autograft, iso-graft and allograft are in existence for ages, but they are not sufficient to treat all types of tissue or organ damages. Stem cells, with their unique capabilities like self-renewal and differentiate into various cell types, can be a potential strategy for tissue regeneration. However, the challenges like reproducibility, uncontrolled propagation and differentiation, isolation of specific kinds of cell and tumorigenic nature made these stem cells away from clinical application. Today, various types of stem cells like embryonic, fetal or gestational tissue, mesenchymal and induced-pluripotent stem cells are under investigation for their clinical application. Tissue engineering helps in configuring the stem cells to develop into a desired viable tissue, to use them clinically as a substitute for the conventional method. The use of stem cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is being studied to replace the stem cells, which decreases the immunological complications associated with the direct administration of stem cells. Tissue engineering also investigates various biomaterials to use clinically, either to replace the bones or as a scaffold to support the growth of stemcells/ tissue. Depending upon the need, there are various biomaterials like bio-ceramics, natural and synthetic biodegradable polymers to support replacement or regeneration of tissue. Like the other fields of science, tissue engineering is also incorporating the nanotechnology to develop nano-scaffolds to provide and support the growth of stem cells with an environment mimicking the Extracellular matrix (ECM) of the desired tissue. Tissue engineering is also used in the modulation of the immune system by using patient-specific Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and by modifying the physical features of scaffolds that may provoke the immune system. This review describes the use of various stem cells, biomaterials and the impact of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER GUWAHATI), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup-781125, Guwahati (Assam), India
| | - Munnangi Sivaram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka- Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banastahli Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
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Mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes: a modern approach in translational medicine. J Transl Med 2020; 18:449. [PMID: 33246476 PMCID: PMC7691969 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in regenerative medicine for over a few decades by virtue of their differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be favorably cultured and manipulated. Recent investigations implied that the pleiotropic effects of MSCs is not associated to their ability of differentiation, but rather is mediated by the secretion of soluble paracrine factors. Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, are one of these paracrine mediators. Exosomes transfer functional cargos like miRNA and mRNA molecules, peptides, proteins, cytokines and lipids from MSCs to the recipient cells. Exosomes participate in intercellular communication events and contribute to the healing of injured or diseased tissues and organs. Studies reported that exosomes alone are responsible for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in numerous experimental models. Therefore, MSC-derived exosomes can be manipulated and applied to establish a novel cell-free therapeutic approach for treatment of a variety of diseases including heart, kidney, liver, immune and neurological diseases, and cutaneous wound healing. In comparison with their donor cells, MSC-derived exosomes offer more stable entities and diminished safety risks regarding the administration of live cells, e.g. microvasculature occlusion risk. This review discusses the exosome isolation methods invented and utilized in the clinical setting thus far and presents a summary of current information on MSC exosomes in translational medicine.
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Rhea EM, Logsdon AF, Banks WA, Erickson ME. Intranasal Delivery: Effects on the Neuroimmune Axes and Treatment of Neuroinflammation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111120. [PMID: 33233734 PMCID: PMC7699866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the pre-clinical and clinical work performed to use intranasal delivery of various compounds from growth factors to stem cells to reduce neuroimmune interactions. We introduce the concept of intranasal (IN) delivery and the variations of this delivery method based on the model used (i.e., rodents, non-human primates, and humans). We summarize the literature available on IN delivery of growth factors, vitamins and metabolites, cytokines, immunosuppressants, exosomes, and lastly stem cells. We focus on the improvement of neuroimmune interactions, such as the activation of resident central nervous system (CNS) immune cells, expression or release of cytokines, and detrimental effects of signaling processes. We highlight common diseases that are linked to dysregulations in neuroimmune interactions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-206-764-2938
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michelle E. Erickson
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; (A.F.L.); (W.A.B.); (M.E.E.)
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Massaro C, Sgueglia G, Frattolillo V, Baglio SR, Altucci L, Dell’Aversana C. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Nucleic Acid Delivery: Current Advances and Future Perspectives in Cancer Therapeutic Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100980. [PMID: 33081417 PMCID: PMC7589909 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are sophisticated and sensitive messengers released by cells to communicate with and influence distant and neighboring cells via selective transfer of bioactive content, including protein lipids and nucleic acids. EVs have therefore attracted broad interest as new and refined potential therapeutic systems in many diseases, including cancer, due to their low immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and elevated bioavailability. They might serve as safe and effective vehicles for the transport of therapeutic molecules to specific tissues and cells. In this review, we focus on EVs as a vehicle for gene therapy in cancer. We describe recent developments in EV engineering to achieve efficient intracellular delivery of cancer therapeutics and avoid off-target effects, to provide an overview of the potential applications of EV-mediated gene therapy and the most promising biomedical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Giulia Sgueglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Victoria Frattolillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
| | - S. Rubina Baglio
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-5667569 (L.A.); +39-081-5667564 (C.D.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (G.S.); (V.F.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (C.D.); Tel.: +39-081-5667569 (L.A.); +39-081-5667564 (C.D.)
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47
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Vafaei-Nezhad S, Pour Hassan M, Noroozian M, Aliaghaei A, Shirazi Tehrani A, Abbaszadeh HA, Khoshsirat S. A Review of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges And Safety. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:363-368. [PMID: 33425285 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Damage to the spinal cord is a central nervous system disorder that results in direct damage to neural cells (axons, cell bodies) and glia, followed by autonomic, motor and sensory impairments. Inflammatory response after this injury can contribute to secondary tissue damage that leads to further behavioral and functional disorders. Inflammation is a complex process, which occurs after an injury. If this progressive process is not well controlled can lead to additional damage to the spinal cord which is preventing neural improvement and regeneration and, which ultimately will not provide good clinical consequences. Inflammation in the injured spinal cord is a physiological response that causes the death of glial and neuronal cells. The reduction of the initial inflammatory process after damage to the spinal cord is one of the important therapeutic strategies. It has been proposed that low-level laser (LLL) therapy, as a noninvasive manner, can modulate inflammatory processes, which leads to a significant improvement in neurological symptoms after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A comprehensive review was performed on SCI, the etiologies, and treatment methods using the keywords spinal cord injury, low-level laser, and inflammation in valid medical databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Elsevier (76 articles). Among the collected papers, articles that were most relevant to the purposes of the study were selected and studied. Results: LLL therapy was able to reduce inflammation and also attenuate neuronal damage after spinal cord damage. Conclusion: The present study illustrates that LLL therapy has positive effects on improving functional recovery and regulating the inflammatory function in the SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Vafaei-Nezhad
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Pour Hassan
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Noroozian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Shirazi Tehrani
- Faculty of Paramedical Science, Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Khoshsirat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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48
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Guy R, Offen D. Promising Opportunities for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1320. [PMID: 32942544 PMCID: PMC7564210 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease refers to any pathological condition in which there is a progressive decline in neuronal function resulting from brain atrophy. Despite the immense efforts invested over recent decades in developing treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, effective therapy for these conditions is still an unmet need. One of the promising options for promoting brain recovery and regeneration is mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. The therapeutic effect of MSCs is thought to be mediated by their secretome, and specifically, by their exosomes. Research shows that MSC-derived exosomes retain some of the characteristics of their parent MSCs, such as immune system modulation, regulation of neurite outgrowth, promotion of angiogenesis, and the ability to repair damaged tissue. Here, we summarize the functional outcomes observed in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases following MSC-derived exosome treatment. We will examine the proposed mechanisms of action through which MSC-derived exosomes mediate their therapeutic effects and review advanced studies that attempt to enhance the improvement achieved using MSC-derived exosome treatment, with a view towards future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Offen
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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49
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Losurdo M, Pedrazzoli M, D'Agostino C, Elia CA, Massenzio F, Lonati E, Mauri M, Rizzi L, Molteni L, Bresciani E, Dander E, D'Amico G, Bulbarelli A, Torsello A, Matteoli M, Buffelli M, Coco S. Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in a 3xTg model of Alzheimer's disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1068-1084. [PMID: 32496649 PMCID: PMC7445021 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of neuroinflammation in favoring and accelerating the pathogenic process in Alzheimer's disease (AD) increased the need to target the cerebral innate immune cells as a potential therapeutic strategy to slow down the disease progression. In this scenario, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have risen considerable interest thanks to their immunomodulatory properties, which have been largely ascribed to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely exosomes and microvesicles. Indeed, the beneficial effects of MSC-EVs in regulating the inflammatory response have been reported in different AD mouse models, upon chronic intravenous or intracerebroventricular administration. In this study, we use the triple-transgenic 3xTg mice showing for the first time that the intranasal route of administration of EVs, derived from cytokine-preconditioned MSCs, was able to induce immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in AD. MSC-EVs reached the brain, where they dampened the activation of microglia cells and increased dendritic spine density. MSC-EVs polarized in vitro murine primary microglia toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype suggesting that the neuroprotective effects observed in transgenic mice could result from a positive modulation of the inflammatory status. The possibility to administer MSC-EVs through a noninvasive route and the demonstration of their anti-inflammatory efficacy might accelerate the chance of a translational exploitation of MSC-EVs in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Losurdo
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Matteo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | | | - Chiara A. Elia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCSRozzano (MI)Italy
- CNR, Institute of NeuroscienceMilanoItaly
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Elena Lonati
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Mario Mauri
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Laura Rizzi
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Laura Molteni
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Elena Bresciani
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Erica Dander
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric DepartmentUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca, Fondazione MBBMMonzaItaly
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Pediatric DepartmentUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca, Fondazione MBBMMonzaItaly
| | - Alessandra Bulbarelli
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
- NeuroMI‐Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilano (MI)Italy
| | - Antonio Torsello
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro CenterHumanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCSRozzano (MI)Italy
- Department of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas UniversityPieve Emanuele (MI)Italy
| | - Mario Buffelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Silvia Coco
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
- NeuroMI‐Milan Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilano (MI)Italy
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50
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Tieu A, Lalu MM, Slobodian M, Gnyra C, Fergusson DA, Montroy J, Burger D, Stewart DJ, Allan DS. An Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Preclinical Use. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9728-9743. [PMID: 32697573 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can reduce inflammation, promote healing, and improve organ function, thereby providing a potential "cell-free" therapy. Prior to clinical translation, it is critical to synthesize existing evidence on preclinical methods and efficacy. To address these issues, we used gold standard systematic review methodology to consolidate information from all published animal studies investigating MSC-EVs as an intervention. A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase identified 206 studies. Data were extracted in duplicate for methodology, experimental design, interventional traits, modifications, and outcomes. MSC-EVs were used to treat a variety of diseases and demonstrated benefits in 97% of studies. Adverse effects were reported in only three studies, two demonstrating tumor growth. A quarter of articles modified EVs to enhance efficacy, with 72% leading to markedly improved outcomes as compared to unmodified EVs. However, several key methodological concerns were evident. Only 60% of studies used nomenclature consistent with the size definitions of EVs. Ultracentrifugation (70%) and isolation kits (23%) were the most common isolation techniques with noted differences in yield and purity. EVs were inconsistently dosed by protein (68%) or particle concentration (16%). Two-thirds of studies administered xenogeneic EVs, suggesting immunocompatibility. Less than 25% of studies assessed EV biodistribution. Approaches for determining size, protein markers, and morphology were highly heterogeneous, with only 12 and 4 studies meeting the MISEV 2014 and 2018 recommendations, respectively. Knowledge gaps identified from this systematic review highlight important opportunities to improve preclinical design and methodology in the rapidly growing field of EV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Tieu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Manoj M Lalu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L6
| | | | | | | | | | - Dylan Burger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, K1H 8L1
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