1
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Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Gunn BM, Kuzmina NA, Kedarinath K, Jurado-Cobena E, Zhou F, Subramani C, Hyde MA, Velazquez JV, Williamson LE, Gilchuk P, Carnahan RH, Alter G, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A. Antibodies targeting the glycan cap of Ebola virus glycoprotein are potent inducers of the complement. Commun Biol 2024; 7:871. [PMID: 39020082 PMCID: PMC11255267 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) represent an important correlate of the vaccine efficiency and infection survival. Both neutralization and some of the Fc-mediated effects are known to contribute the protection conferred by antibodies of various epitope specificities. At the same time, the role of the complement system remains unclear. Here, we compare complement activation by two groups of representative monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) interacting with the glycan cap (GC) or the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of GP. Binding of GC-specific mAbs to GP induces complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in the GP-expressing cell line via C3 deposition on GP in contrast to MPER-specific mAbs. In the mouse model of EBOV infection, depletion of the complement system leads to an impairment of protection exerted by one of the GC-specific, but not MPER-specific mAbs. Our data suggest that activation of the complement system represents an important mechanism of antiviral protection by GC antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kritika Kedarinath
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Eduardo Jurado-Cobena
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Fuchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chandru Subramani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jalene V Velazquez
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lauren E Williamson
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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2
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Kamperschroer C, Frank B, Genell C, Lebrec H, Mitchell-Ryan S, Molinier B, Newsome C, Piche MS, Weinstock D, Collinge M, Freebern W, Rubio D. Current approaches to evaluate the function of cytotoxic T-cells in non-human primates. J Immunotoxicol 2023; 20:2176952. [PMID: 36788724 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2023.2176952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) are a subset of T-cells that play a critical role in protecting against intracellular infections and cancer, and have the ability to identify and kill infected or transformed cells expressing non-self peptides associated with major histocompatibility (MHC) Class I molecules. Conversely, aberrant CTL activity can contribute to immune-related pathology under conditions of overwhelming infection or autoimmunity. Disease-modifying therapeutics can have unintended effects on CTL, and a growing number of therapeutics are intended to either suppress or enhance CTL or their functions. The susceptibility of CTL to unintended effects from common therapeutic modalities underscores the need for a better understanding of the impact that such therapies have on CTL function and the associated safety implications. While there are reliable ways of quantifying CTL, notably via flow cytometric analysis of specific CTL markers, it has been a greater challenge to implement fit-for-purpose methods measuring CTL function in the context of safety studies of therapeutics. This review focuses on methods for measuring CTL responses in the context of drug safety and pharmacology testing, with the goals of informing the reader about current approaches, evaluating their pros and cons, and providing perspectives on the utility of these approaches for safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hervé Lebrec
- Sonoma Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Malik S, Waheed Y. Tracing down the updates on Ebola virus surges: An update on anti-ebola therapeutic strategies. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:216-225. [PMID: 37662888 PMCID: PMC10474883 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) related health complications have presented a great threat to the healthcare system in the endemic regions. The outbreaks of 2013-2016 and 2018-2020 brought along a huge healthcare burden for the afected communities. Knowing the seriousness of the matter, a series of research experiments have been actively carried out to devise efective therapeutics, drugs, and vaccination protocols against the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the past decade. The purpose of this piece of literature is to shed light on vaccination protocols being clinically evaluated for EVD. A methodological approach has been adopted to gather relevant data from the latest publications. The compiled data include the molecular mechanistic insights into Ebola infection and a brief overview of diferent vaccination strategies: inactivated and DNA vaccines, virus-like particles and replicons, reverse genetic and recombinant approaches, entry, ion, and gene expression inhibitors, and some repurposed drugs. This data will help the scientific community to get a comprehensive overview of therapeutic interventions against Ebola that could be related to modifying EBOV vaccines and designing other antiviral vaccinations. Having said that, further work in modern therapeutic design is pertinent to tackle and lessen the healthcare burden expected from such outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Punjab46000, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos1401, Lebanon
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4
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Perdiguero B, Pérez P, Marcos-Villar L, Albericio G, Astorgano D, Álvarez E, Sin L, Elena Gómez C, García-Arriaza J, Esteban M. Highly attenuated poxvirus-based vaccines against emerging viral diseases. J Mol Biol 2023:168173. [PMID: 37301278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although one member of the poxvirus family, variola virus, has caused one of the most devastating human infections worldwide, smallpox, the knowledge gained over the last 30 years on the molecular, virological and immunological mechanisms of these viruses has allowed the use of members of this family as vectors for the generation of recombinant vaccines against numerous pathogens. In this review, we cover different aspects of the history and biology of poxviruses with emphasis on their application as vaccines, from first- to fourth-generation, against smallpox, monkeypox, emerging viral diseases highlighted by the World Health Organization (COVID-19, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Ebola and Marburg virus diseases, Lassa fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome, Nipah and other henipaviral diseases, Rift Valley fever and Zika), as well as against one of the most concerning prevalent virus, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the causative agent of AcquiredImmunodeficiency Syndrome. We discuss the implications in human health of the 2022 monkeypox epidemic affecting many countries, and the rapid prophylactic and therapeutic measures adopted to control virus dissemination within the human population. We also describe the preclinical and clinical evaluation of the Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara and New York vaccinia virus poxviral strains expressing heterologous antigens from the viral diseases listed above. Finally, we report different approaches to improve the immunogenicity and efficacy of poxvirus-based vaccine candidates, such as deletion of immunomodulatory genes, insertion of host-range genes and enhanced transcription of foreign genes through modified viral promoters. Some future prospects are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Marcos-Villar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Albericio
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Astorgano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Bukreyev A, Ilinykh P, Huang K, Gunn B, Kuzmina N, Gilchuk P, Alter G, Crowe J. Antiviral protection by antibodies targeting the glycan cap of Ebola virus glycoprotein requires activation of the complement system. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2765936. [PMID: 37131834 PMCID: PMC10153373 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2765936/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies to Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP) represent an important correlate of the vaccine efficiency and infection survival. Both neutralization and some of the Fc-mediated effects are known to contribute the protection conferred by antibodies of various epitope specificities. At the same time, the role of the complement system in antibody-mediated protection remains unclear. In this study, we compared complement activation by two groups of representative monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) interacting with the glycan cap (GC) or the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the viral sole glycoprotein GP. Binding of GC-specific mAbs to GP induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in the GP-expressing cell line via C3 deposition on GP in contrast to MPER-specific mAbs that did not. Moreover, treatment of cells with a glycosylation inhibitor increased the CDC activity, suggesting that N-linked glycans downregulate CDC. In the mouse model of EBOV infection, depletion of the complement system by cobra venom factor led to an impairment of protection exerted by GC-specific but not MPER-specific mAbs. Our data suggest that activation of the complement system is an essential component of antiviral protection by antibodies targeting GC of EBOV GP.
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6
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Malherbe DC, Domi A, Hauser MJ, Atyeo C, Fischinger S, Hyde MA, Williams JM, Alter G, Guirakhoo F, Bukreyev A. A single immunization with a modified vaccinia Ankara vectored vaccine producing Sudan virus-like particles protects from lethal infection. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:83. [PMID: 35879311 PMCID: PMC9314403 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new vectored vaccine MVA-VLP-SUDV was generated against Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) combining the advantages of the immunogenicity of a live attenuated vaccine vector (Modified Vaccinia Ankara, MVA) with the authentic conformation of virus-like particles (VLPs). The vaccine expresses minimal components to generate self-assembling VLPs in the vaccinee: the envelope glycoprotein GP and the matrix protein VP40. Guinea pigs vaccinated with one dose of MVA-VLP-SUDV generated SUDV-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses as well as Fc-mediated protective effects. These responses were boosted by a second vaccine dose. All vaccinated animals which received either one or two vaccine doses were protected from death and disease symptoms following challenge with a lethal dose of SUDV. These data demonstrate single dose protection and potency of the MVA-VLP platform for use in emergency situations to contain outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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7
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Kupke A, Volz A, Dietzel E, Freudenstein A, Schmidt J, Shams-Eldin H, Jany S, Sauerhering L, Krähling V, Gellhorn Serra M, Herden C, Eickmann M, Becker S, Sutter G. Protective CD8+ T Cell Response Induced by Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Delivering Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040533. [PMID: 35455282 PMCID: PMC9027530 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The urgent need for vaccines against Ebola virus (EBOV) was underscored by the large outbreak in West Africa (2014–2016). Since then, several promising vaccine candidates have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies. As a result, two vaccines were approved for human use in 2019/2020, of which one includes a heterologous adenovirus/Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) prime-boost regimen. Here, we tested new vaccine candidates based on the recombinant MVA vector, encoding the EBOV nucleoprotein (MVA-EBOV-NP) or glycoprotein (MVA-EBOV-GP) for their efficacy after homologous prime-boost immunization in mice. Our aim was to investigate the role of each antigen in terms of efficacy and correlates of protection. Sera of mice vaccinated with MVA-EBOV-GP were virus-neutralizing and MVA-EBOV-NP immunization readily elicited interferon-γ-producing NP-specific CD8+ T cells. While mock-vaccinated mice succumbed to EBOV infection, all vaccinated mice survived and showed drastically decreased viral loads in sera and organs. In addition, MVA-EBOV-NP vaccinated mice became susceptible to lethal EBOV infection after depletion of CD8+ T cells prior to challenge. This study highlights the potential of MVA-based vaccines to elicit humoral immune responses as well as a strong and protective CD8+ T cell response and contributes to understanding the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kupke
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Erik Dietzel
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Freudenstein
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (A.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Jörg Schmidt
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hosam Shams-Eldin
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Sylvia Jany
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (A.F.); (S.J.)
| | - Lucie Sauerhering
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Gellhorn Serra
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Markus Eickmann
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany; (A.K.); (E.D.); (J.S.); (H.S.-E.); (L.S.); (V.K.); (M.G.S.); (M.E.)
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerd Sutter
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
- Division of Virology, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (A.F.); (S.J.)
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8
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Mooij P, García-Arriaza J, Pérez P, Lázaro-Frías A, Verstrepen BE, Böszörményi KP, Mortier D, Fagrouch Z, Kiemenyi-Kayere G, Niphuis H, Acar RF, Meijer L, Stammes MA, Kondova I, Verschoor EJ, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Bruin E, Sikkema RS, Luczkowiak J, Delgado R, Montenegro D, Puentes E, Rodríguez E, Bogers WMJM, Koopman G, Esteban M. Poxvirus MVA Expressing SARS-CoV-2 S Protein Induces Robust Immunity and Protects Rhesus Macaques From SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845887. [PMID: 35371043 PMCID: PMC8966779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel safe, immunogenic, and effective vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we describe the safety, robust immunogenicity, and potent efficacy elicited in rhesus macaques by a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing a full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MVA-S). MVA-S vaccination was well tolerated and induced S and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-binding IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and several variants of concern. S-specific IFNγ, but not IL-4, -producing cells were also elicited. After SARS-CoV-2 challenge, vaccinated animals showed a significant strong reduction of virus loads in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and decreased levels in throat and nasal mucosa. Remarkably, MVA-S also protected macaques from fever and infection-induced cytokine storm. Computed tomography and histological examination of the lungs showed reduced lung pathology in MVA-S-vaccinated animals. These findings favor the use of MVA-S as a potential vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mooij
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Lázaro-Frías
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Babs E. Verstrepen
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Kinga P. Böszörményi
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Daniella Mortier
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Zahra Fagrouch
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Henk Niphuis
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Roja Fidel Acar
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Lisette Meijer
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Marieke A. Stammes
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina S. Sikkema
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Willy M. J. M. Bogers
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Bošnjak B, Odak I, Barros-Martins J, Sandrock I, Hammerschmidt SI, Permanyer M, Patzer GE, Greorgiev H, Gutierrez Jauregui R, Tscherne A, Schwarz JH, Kalodimou G, Ssebyatika G, Ciurkiewicz M, Willenzon S, Bubke A, Ristenpart J, Ritter C, Tuchel T, Meyer zu Natrup C, Shin DL, Clever S, Limpinsel L, Baumgärtner W, Krey T, Volz A, Sutter G, Förster R. Intranasal Delivery of MVA Vector Vaccine Induces Effective Pulmonary Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rodents. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772240. [PMID: 34858430 PMCID: PMC8632543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (Trms) and neutralizing IgA antibodies provide the most effective protection of the lungs from viral infections. To induce those essential components of lung immunity against SARS-CoV-2, we tested various immunization protocols involving intranasal delivery of a novel Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-SARS-2-spike vaccine candidate. We show that a single intranasal MVA-SARS-CoV-2-S application in mice strongly induced pulmonary spike-specific CD8+ T cells, albeit restricted production of neutralizing antibodies. In prime-boost protocols, intranasal booster vaccine delivery proved to be crucial for a massive expansion of systemic and lung tissue-resident spike-specific CD8+ T cells and the development of Th1 - but not Th2 - CD4+ T cells. Likewise, very high titers of IgG and IgA anti-spike antibodies were present in serum and broncho-alveolar lavages that possessed high virus neutralization capacities to all current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Importantly, the MVA-SARS-2-spike vaccine applied in intramuscular priming and intranasal boosting treatment regimen completely protected hamsters from developing SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and pathology. Together, these results identify intramuscular priming followed by respiratory tract boosting with MVA-SARS-2-S as a promising approach for the induction of local, respiratory as well as systemic immune responses suited to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berislav Bošnjak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Odak
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hristo Greorgiev
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alina Tscherne
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Hendrik Schwarz
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georgia Kalodimou
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George Ssebyatika
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Bubke
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Tamara Tuchel
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Dai-Lun Shin
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabrina Clever
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonard Limpinsel
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has substantially accelerated the demands for efficient vaccines. A wide spectrum of approaches includes live attenuated and inactivated viruses, protein subunits and peptides, viral vector-based delivery, DNA plasmids, and synthetic mRNA. Preclinical studies have demonstrated robust immune responses, reduced viral loads and protection against challenges with SARS-CoV-2 in rodents and primates. Vaccine candidates based on all delivery systems mentioned above have been subjected to clinical trials in healthy volunteers. Phase I clinical trials have demonstrated in preliminary findings good safety and tolerability. Evaluation of immune responses in a small number of individuals has demonstrated similar or superior levels of neutralizing antibodies in comparison to immunogenicity detected in COVID-19 patients. Both adenovirus- and mRNA-based vaccines have entered phase II and study protocols for phase III trials with 30,000 participants have been finalized.
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11
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Gilchuk P, Murin CD, Cross RW, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Kuzmina N, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Geisbert JB, Zost SJ, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Suryadevara N, Bombardi RG, Carnahan RH, Bukreyev A, Geisbert TW, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Pan-ebolavirus protective therapy by two multifunctional human antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:5593-5607.e18. [PMID: 34715022 PMCID: PMC8716180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses cause a severe and often fatal illness with the potential for global spread. Monoclonal antibody-based treatments that have become available recently have a narrow therapeutic spectrum and are ineffective against ebolaviruses other than Ebola virus (EBOV), including medically important Bundibugyo (BDBV) and Sudan (SUDV) viruses. Here, we report the development of a therapeutic cocktail comprising two broadly neutralizing human antibodies, rEBOV-515 and rEBOV-442, that recognize non-overlapping sites on the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). Antibodies in the cocktail exhibited synergistic neutralizing activity, resisted viral escape, and possessed differing requirements for their Fc-regions for optimal in vivo activities. The cocktail protected non-human primates from ebolavirus disease caused by EBOV, BDBV, or SUDV with high therapeutic effectiveness. High-resolution structures of the cocktail antibodies in complex with GP revealed the molecular determinants for neutralization breadth and potency. This study provides advanced preclinical data to support clinical development of this cocktail for pan-ebolavirus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles D Murin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Philipp A Ilinykh
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Natalia Kuzmina
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Seth J Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel S Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Robin G Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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12
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Routhu NK, Cheedarla N, Gangadhara S, Bollimpelli VS, Boddapati AK, Shiferaw A, Rahman SA, Sahoo A, Edara VV, Lai L, Floyd K, Wang S, Fischinger S, Atyeo C, Shin SA, Gumber S, Kirejczyk S, Cohen J, Jean SM, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Stammen RL, Upadhyay AA, Pellegrini K, Montefiori D, Shi PY, Menachery VD, Alter G, Vanderford TH, Bosinger SE, Suthar MS, Amara RR. A modified vaccinia Ankara vector-based vaccine protects macaques from SARS-CoV-2 infection, immune pathology, and dysfunction in the lungs. Immunity 2021; 54:542-556.e9. [PMID: 33631118 PMCID: PMC7859620 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of vaccination approaches will likely be necessary to fully control the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Here, we show that modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing membrane-anchored pre-fusion stabilized spike (MVA/S) but not secreted S1 induced strong neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. In macaques, the MVA/S vaccination induced strong neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T cell responses, and conferred protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus replication in the lungs as early as day 2 following intranasal and intratracheal challenge. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of lung cells on day 4 after infection revealed that MVA/S vaccination also protected macaques from infection-induced inflammation and B cell abnormalities and lowered induction of interferon-stimulated genes. These results demonstrate that MVA/S vaccination induces neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T cells in the blood and lungs and is a potential vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Venkata Satish Bollimpelli
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arun K. Boddapati
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ayalnesh Shiferaw
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sheikh Abdul Rahman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anusmita Sahoo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Katharine Floyd
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sally A. Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shannon Kirejczyk
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sherrie M. Jean
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachelle L. Stammen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kathryn Pellegrini
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas H. Vanderford
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rama Rao Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
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13
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A highly attenuated vaccinia virus strain LC16m8-based vaccine for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008859. [PMID: 33534867 PMCID: PMC7886154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by a species Dabie bandavirus (formerly SFTS virus [SFTSV]) is an emerging hemorrhagic infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate. One of the best strategies for preventing SFTS is to develop a vaccine, which is expected to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. We applied a highly attenuated but still immunogenic vaccinia virus strain LC16m8 (m8) as a recombinant vaccine for SFTS. Recombinant m8s expressing SFTSV nucleoprotein (m8-N), envelope glycoprotein precursor (m8-GPC), and both N and GPC (m8-N+GPC) in the infected cells were generated. Both m8-GPC- and m8-N+GPC-infected cells were confirmed to produce SFTSV-like-particles (VLP) in vitro, and the N was incorporated in the VLP produced by the infection of cells with m8-N+GPC. Specific antibodies to SFTSV were induced in mice inoculated with each of the recombinant m8s, and the mice were fully protected from lethal challenge with SFTSV at both 103 TCID50 and 105 TCID50. In mice that had been immunized with vaccinia virus strain Lister in advance of m8-based SFTSV vaccine inoculation, protective immunity against the SFTSV challenge was also conferred. The pathological analysis revealed that mice immunized with m8-GPC or m8-N+GPC did not show any histopathological changes without any viral antigen-positive cells, whereas the control mice showed focal necrosis with inflammatory infiltration with SFTSV antigen-positive cells in tissues after SFTSV challenge. The passive serum transfer experiments revealed that sera collected from mice inoculated with m8-GPC or m8-N+GPC but not with m8-N conferred protective immunity against lethal SFTSV challenge in naïve mice. On the other hand, the depletion of CD8-positive cells in vivo did not abrogate the protective immunity conferred by m8-based SFTSV vaccines. Based on these results, the recombinant m8-GPC and m8-N+GPC were considered promising vaccine candidates for SFTS. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case-fatality rate (approximately 5% to >40%). Indigenous SFTS has been reported in China, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. Thus, the development of an effective vaccine for SFTS is urgently needed. Vaccinia virus (VAC) was previously used as a vaccine for smallpox. Unfortunately, after these strains, the so-called second generation of VAC used during the eradication campaign was associated with severe adverse events, and the third generation of VAC strains such as LC16m8 (m8) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) was established. m8 is confirmed to be highly attenuated while still maintaining immunogenicity. m8 is licensed for use in healthy people in Japan. At the present time, approximately 100,000 people have undergone vaccination with m8 without experiencing any severe postvaccine complications. At present, third-generation VAC strains are attractive for a recombinant vaccine vector, especially for viral hemorrhagic infectious diseases, such as Ebola virus disease, Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and SFTS. We investigated the practicality of an m8-based recombinant vaccine for SFTS as well as other promising recombinant VAC-based vaccines for viral hemorrhagic infectious diseases.
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14
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Jain S, Khaiboullina SF, Baranwal M. Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100850. [PMID: 33080902 PMCID: PMC7603231 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolaviruses, discovered in 1976, belongs to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Marburg and Lloviu viruses. They are negative-stranded RNA viruses with six known species identified to date. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of Zaire ebolavirus species and can cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), an emerging zoonotic disease that results in homeostatic imbalance and multi-organ failure. There are three EBOV outbreaks documented in the last six years resulting in significant morbidity (> 32,000 cases) and mortality (> 13,500 deaths). The potential factors contributing to the high infectivity of this virus include multiple entry mechanisms, susceptibility of the host cells, employment of multiple immune evasion mechanisms and rapid person-to-person transmission. EBOV infection leads to cytokine storm, disseminated intravascular coagulation, host T cell apoptosis as well as cell mediated and humoral immune response. In this review, a concise recap of cell types targeted by EBOV and EVD symptoms followed by detailed run-through of host innate and adaptive immune responses, virus-driven regulation and their combined effects contributing to the disease pathogenesis has been presented. At last, the vaccine and drug development initiatives as well as challenges related to the management of infection have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India;
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.F.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India;
- Correspondence: (S.F.K.); (M.B.)
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15
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Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Determine the Expression Dynamics of Ebola Virus Soluble Glycoprotein during Infection. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101535. [PMID: 33036194 PMCID: PMC7600751 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly pathogenic virus with human case fatality rates of up to 90%. EBOV uses transcriptional editing to express three different glycoproteins (GPs) from its GP gene: soluble GP (sGP), GP, and small sGP (ssGP). The molecular ratio of unedited to edited mRNA is about 70% (sGP): 25% (GP): 5% (ssGP), indicating that sGP is produced more abundantly than GP. While the presence of sGP has been confirmed in the blood during human EBOV infection, there is no report about its expression dynamics. In this study, we developed an EBOV-sGP-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two different available antibodies and tested several animal serum samples to determine the concentration of sGP. EBOV-sGP was detected in nonhuman primate serum samples as early as 4 days after EBOV infection, correlating with RT-qPCR positivity. This ELISA might be further developed into a diagnostic tool for detection of EBOV in patients. Furthermore, this study provides insights into the expression dynamics of sGP during infection, which are important to decipher the function that sGP plays during infection.
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16
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Lundstrom K. Coronavirus pandemic: treatment and future prevention. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1507-1521. [PMID: 33140657 PMCID: PMC7675013 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 leading to the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 400,000 deaths worldwide and the global economy shut down has substantially accelerated the research and development of novel and efficient COVID-19 antiviral drugs and vaccines. In the short term, antiviral and other drugs have been subjected to repurposing against COVID-19 demonstrating some success, but some excessively hasty conclusions drawn from significantly suboptimal clinical evaluations have provided false hope. On the other hand, more than 300 potential therapies and at least 150 vaccine studies are in progress at various stages of preclinical or clinical research. The aim here is to provide a timely update of the development, which, due to the intense activities, moves forward with unprecedented speed.
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17
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Malherbe DC, Domi A, Hauser MJ, Meyer M, Gunn BM, Alter G, Bukreyev A, Guirakhoo F. Modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine expressing Marburg virus-like particles protects guinea pigs from lethal Marburg virus infection. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:78. [PMID: 32922962 PMCID: PMC7468113 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new vaccine platform against Marburg virus (MARV) combining the advantages of the immunogenicity of a highly attenuated vaccine vector (Modified Vaccinia Ankara, MVA) with the authentic conformation of virus-like particles (VLPs). Our vaccine, MVA–MARV–VLP, expresses the minimal components of MARV VLPs: the envelope glycoprotein GP and the matrix protein VP40. Electron microscopy confirmed self-assembly and budding of VLPs from infected cells. Prime/boost vaccination of guinea pigs with MVA–MARV–VLP-elicited MARV-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Vaccination also induced Fc-mediated innate immune effector functions including activation of NK cells and antibody-dependent phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. Inoculation of vaccinated animals with guinea pig-adapted MARV demonstrated 100% protection against death and disease with no viremia. Therefore, our vaccine platform, expressing two antigens resulting in assembly of VLPs in the native conformation in vaccinated hosts, can be used as a potent vaccine against MARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA.,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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18
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Frederiksen LSF, Zhang Y, Foged C, Thakur A. The Long Road Toward COVID-19 Herd Immunity: Vaccine Platform Technologies and Mass Immunization Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1817. [PMID: 32793245 PMCID: PMC7385234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for effective countermeasures against the current emergence and accelerating expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Induction of herd immunity by mass vaccination has been a very successful strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, hence protecting the most vulnerable population groups unable to develop immunity, for example individuals with immunodeficiencies or a weakened immune system due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. Therefore, vaccination represents one of the most promising counter-pandemic measures to COVID-19. However, to date, no licensed vaccine exists, neither for SARS-CoV-2 nor for the closely related SARS-CoV or Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV. In addition, a few vaccine candidates have only recently entered human clinical trials, which hampers the progress in tackling COVID-19 infection. Here, we discuss potential prophylactic interventions for SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the challenges existing for vaccine development, and we review pre-clinical progress and ongoing human clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Although COVID-19 vaccine development is currently accelerated via so-called fast-track programs, vaccines may not be timely available to have an impact on the first wave of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, COVID-19 vaccines will be essential in the future for reducing morbidity and mortality and inducing herd immunity, if SARS-CoV-2 becomes established in the population like for example influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yibang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Abstract
Since its discovery in 1976, Ebola virus (EBOV) has caused numerous outbreaks of fatal hemorrhagic disease in Africa. The biggest outbreak on record is the 2013-2016 epidemic in west Africa with almost 30,000 cases and over 11,000 fatalities, devastatingly affecting Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The epidemic highlighted the need for licensed drugs or vaccines to quickly combat the disease. While at the beginning of the epidemic no licensed countermeasures were available, several experimental drugs with preclinical efficacy were accelerated into human clinical trials and used to treat patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) toward the end of the epidemic. In the same manner, vaccines with preclinical efficacy were administered primarily to known contacts of EVD patients on clinical trial protocols using a ring-vaccination strategy. In this review, we describe the pathogenesis of EBOV and summarize the current status of EBOV vaccine development and treatment of EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA;
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA;
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20
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A Pentavalent Epstein-Barr Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Elicits High Titers of Neutralizing Antibodies against Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Immunized Rabbits. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020169. [PMID: 32268575 PMCID: PMC7349562 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with acute infectious mononucleosis, whereas persistent infection is associated with chronic diseases such as autoimmune diseases and various types of cancer. Indeed, approximately 2% of all new cancer cases occurring annually worldwide are EBV-associated. Currently, there is no licensed EBV prophylactic vaccine. Selection of appropriate viral protein subunits is critical for development of an effective vaccine. Although the major EBV surface glycoprotein gp350/220 (gp350) has been proposed as an important prophylactic vaccine target, attempts to develop a potent vaccine based on gp350 alone have shown limited success in the clinic. We provide data showing that five EBV glycoproteins (gp350, gB, gp42, gH, and gL) involved in viral entry and infection can successfully be incorporated on the surface of EBV-like particles (EBV-LPs). These EBV-LPs, when administered together with aluminum hydroxide and monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvants to New Zealand white rabbits, elicited EBV glycoprotein-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing viral infection in vitro in both B cells and epithelial cells, better than soluble gp350 ectodomain. Our findings suggest that a pentavalent EBV-LP formulation might be an ideal candidate for development as a safe and immunogenic EBV vaccine.
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21
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O'Donnell K, Marzi A. The Ebola virus glycoprotein and its immune responses across multiple vaccine platforms. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:267-277. [PMID: 32129120 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1738225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: For over 40 years, ebolaviruses have been responsible for sporadic outbreaks of severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates across western and central Africa. In December 2013, an unprecedented Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic began in West Africa and resulted in the largest outbreak to date. The past and current epidemics in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo has focused attention on the potential vaccine platforms developed over the past 20 years.Areas covered: This review summarizes the extraordinary progress using a variety of vaccination platforms including DNA, subunit, and several viral vector approaches, replicating and non-replicating, incorporating the primary antigen of EBOV, the glycoprotein. These vaccine constructs have shown varying degrees of protective efficacy in the 'gold-standard' nonhuman primate model for EBOV infections and were immunogenic in human clinical trials.Expert commentary: A number of these vaccine platforms have moved into phase III clinical trials over the past years and with the recent approval of the first EBOV vaccine in the European Union and the USA there is a strong potential to prevent future outbreaks/epidemics of EBOV infections on the scale of the West African epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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22
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Gilchuk P, Murin CD, Milligan JC, Cross RW, Mire CE, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Kuzmina N, Altman PX, Hui S, Gunn BM, Bryan AL, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Turner HL, Alkutkar T, Flinko R, Orlandi C, Carnahan R, Nargi R, Bombardi RG, Vodzak ME, Li S, Okoli A, Ibeawuchi M, Ohiaeri B, Lewis GK, Alter G, Bukreyev A, Saphire EO, Geisbert TW, Ward AB, Crowe JE. Analysis of a Therapeutic Antibody Cocktail Reveals Determinants for Cooperative and Broad Ebolavirus Neutralization. Immunity 2020; 52:388-403.e12. [PMID: 32023489 PMCID: PMC7111202 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Structural principles underlying the composition of protective antiviral monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails are poorly defined. Here, we exploited antibody cooperativity to develop a therapeutic mAb cocktail against Ebola virus. We systematically analyzed the antibody repertoire in human survivors and identified a pair of potently neutralizing mAbs that cooperatively bound to the ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP). High-resolution structures revealed that in a two-antibody cocktail, molecular mimicry was a major feature of mAb-GP interactions. Broadly neutralizing mAb rEBOV-520 targeted a conserved epitope on the GP base region. mAb rEBOV-548 bound to a glycan cap epitope, possessed neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector function activities, and potentiated neutralization by rEBOV-520. Remodeling of the glycan cap structures by the cocktail enabled enhanced GP binding and virus neutralization. The cocktail demonstrated resistance to virus escape and protected non-human primates (NHPs) against Ebola virus disease. These data illuminate structural principles of antibody cooperativity with implications for development of antiviral immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles D. Murin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jacob C. Milligan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Chad E. Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Natalia Kuzmina
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Pilar X. Altman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Hui
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hannah L. Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tanwee Alkutkar
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robin Flinko
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chiara Orlandi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin G. Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan E. Vodzak
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adaora Okoli
- First Consultants Medical Center, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Corresponding author
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23
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Neukirch L, Fougeroux C, Andersson AMC, Holst PJ. The potential of adenoviral vaccine vectors with altered antigen presentation capabilities. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:25-41. [PMID: 31889453 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1711054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite their appeal as vaccine vectors, adenoviral vectors are yet unable to induce protective immune responses against some weakly immunogenic antigens. Additionally, the maximum doses of adenovirus-based vaccines are limited by vector-induced toxicity, causing vector elimination and diminished immune responses against the target antigen. In order to increase immune responses to the transgene, while maintaining a moderate vector dose, new technologies for improved transgene presentation have been developed for adenoviral vaccine vectors.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of different genetic-fusion adjuvants that aim to improve antigen presentation in the context of adenoviral vector-based vaccines. The influence on both T cell and B cell responses are discussed, with a main focus on two technologies: MHC class II-associated invariant chain and virus-like-vaccines.Expert opinion: Different strategies have been tested to improve adenovirus-based vaccinations with varying degrees of success. The reviewed genetic adjuvants were designed to increase antigen processing and MHC presentation, or promote humoral immune responses with an improved conformational antigen display. While none of the introduced technologies is universally applicable, this review shall give an overview to identify potential improvements for future vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Neukirch
- Clinical Cooperation Unit "Applied Tumor Immunity", National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyrielle Fougeroux
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Carola Andersson
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,InProTher ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Kretschmer L, Flossdorf M, Mir J, Cho YL, Plambeck M, Treise I, Toska A, Heinzel S, Schiemann M, Busch DH, Buchholz VR. Differential expansion of T central memory precursor and effector subsets is regulated by division speed. Nat Commun 2020; 11:113. [PMID: 31913278 PMCID: PMC6949285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While antigen-primed T cells proliferate at speeds close to the physiologic maximum of mammalian cells, T cell memory is maintained in the absence of antigen by rare cell divisions. The transition between these distinct proliferative programs has been difficult to resolve via population-based analyses. Here, we computationally reconstruct the proliferative history of single CD8+ T cells upon vaccination and measure the division speed of emerging T cell subsets in vivo. We find that slower cycling central memory precursors, characterized by an elongated G1 phase, segregate early from the bulk of rapidly dividing effector subsets, and further slow-down their cell cycle upon premature removal of antigenic stimuli. In contrast, curtailed availability of inflammatory stimuli selectively restrains effector T cell proliferation due to reduced receptivity for interleukin-2. In line with these findings, persistence of antigenic but not inflammatory stimuli throughout clonal expansion critically determines the later size of the memory compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Kretschmer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Mir
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Yi-Li Cho
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Marten Plambeck
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Albulena Toska
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Heinzel
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.
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25
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Li Y, Cui Y, Zhu Y, Li W, Li S, Fang J, Xiao P, Han J, Yao W, Sun L, Jin N, Li X. Deletion of multiple genes induces virulence reduction of vaccinia virus Tiantan strain. Virus Res 2019; 276:197807. [PMID: 31707001 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to knock out two non-essential gene fragments (TC7L-TK2L and TJ2R) related to virulence, immunomodulation, and host range in the vaccinia virus Tian Tan strain (VTT), and combining with double-label screening and exogenous screening marker knockout techniques to construct attenuated strains with multiple gene deletions(rVTT-TC-TJ). The shuttle plasmids pSK-TC and pSK-TJ were constructed by designing 2 pairs of recombinant arms, combined with poxvirus early and late complex strong promoter pE/L and exogenous screening marker enhanced green fluorescent protein(EGFP). The results showed that knocking out the two gene fragments does not affect the replication ability of the virus and displays a good genetic stability. Furthermore, a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that although virulence of rVTT-TC-TJ is attenuated significantly, high immunogenicity was maintained. These results support the potential development of rVTT-TC-TJ as a safe viral vector or vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Yingli Cui
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China; Gynecology Oncology Department, Norman Bethune First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, PR China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Xiao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China; Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Wei Yao
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Offices Administration, Central Military Commission, Beijing 100082, PR China
| | - Lili Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China; Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; Jiang su Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun 130122, PR China; Jiang su Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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26
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Suschak JJ, Schmaljohn CS. Vaccines against Ebola virus and Marburg virus: recent advances and promising candidates. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2359-2377. [PMID: 31589088 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1651140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The filoviruses Ebola virus and Marburg virus are among the most dangerous pathogens in the world. Both viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever, with case fatality rates of up to 90%. Historically, filovirus outbreaks had been relatively small, with only a few hundred cases reported. However, the recent West African Ebola virus outbreak underscored the threat that filoviruses pose. The three year-long outbreak resulted in 28,646 Ebola virus infections and 11,323 deaths. The lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed vaccines and antiviral drugs hindered early efforts to contain the outbreak. In response, the global scientific community has spurred the advanced development of many filovirus vaccine candidates. Novel vaccine platforms, such as viral vectors and DNA vaccines, have emerged, leading to the investigation of candidate vaccines that have demonstrated protective efficacy in small animal and nonhuman primate studies. Here, we will discuss several of these vaccine platforms with a particular focus on approaches that have advanced into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Suschak
- Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- Headquarters Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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27
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Salvato MS, Domi A, Guzmán-Cardozo C, Medina-Moreno S, Zapata JC, Hsu H, McCurley N, Basu R, Hauser M, Hellerstein M, Guirakhoo F. A Single Dose of Modified Vaccinia Ankara Expressing Lassa Virus-like Particles Protects Mice from Lethal Intra-cerebral Virus Challenge. Pathogens 2019; 8:E133. [PMID: 31466243 PMCID: PMC6789566 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever surpasses Ebola, Marburg, and all other hemorrhagic fevers except Dengue in its public health impact. Caused by Lassa virus (LASV), the disease is a scourge on populations in endemic areas of West Africa, where reported incidence is higher. Here, we report construction, characterization, and preclinical efficacy of a novel recombinant vaccine candidate GEO-LM01. Constructed in the Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector, GEO-LM01 expresses the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) and zinc-binding matrix protein (Z) from the prototype Josiah strain lineage IV. When expressed together, GP and Z form Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) in cell culture. Immunogenicity and efficacy of GEO-LM01 was tested in a mouse challenge model. A single intramuscular dose of GEO-LM01 protected 100% of CBA/J mice challenged with a lethal dose of ML29, a Mopeia/Lassa reassortant virus, delivered directly into the brain. In contrast, all control animals died within one week. The vaccine induced low levels of antibodies but Lassa-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. This is the first report showing that a single dose of a replication-deficient MVA vector can confer full protection against a lethal challenge with ML29 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Zapata
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Haoting Hsu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nathanael McCurley
- Office of Technology Licensing and Commercialization, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Rahul Basu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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28
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Xie L, Zai J, Yi K, Li Y. Intranasal immunization with recombinant Vaccinia virus Tiantan harboring Zaire Ebola virus gp elicited systemic and mucosal neutralizing antibody in mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:3335-3342. [PMID: 31076161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating literature revealed that human mucosa was likely one of the important routes for EBOV attachment and further infection. Therefore inducing effective mucosal immune responses play key role in preventing the virus infection. Vaccinia virus Tiantan strain (VV) was a remarkably attenuated poxvirus, which has been broadly exploited as a multifunctional vector during the development of genetically recombinant vaccine and cancer therapeutic agent. In this study, we generated a recombinant VV harboring EBOV gp (VV-Egp) that was used to immunize mice, followed by assessing immune responses, particularly the mucosal immune responses to EBOV GP. A stable and further attenuated VV-Egp, in which the VV ha gene was replaced with the EBOV gp, was generated. In BALB/c mouse model, intranasal immunization with VV-Egp elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses, including high level of neutralizing serum IgG and IgA against EBOV, and a large amount of GP-specific IFN-γ secreting lymphocytes. More importantly, EBOV GP-specific neutralizing secreted IgA (sIgA) in nasal wash and both sIgA and IgG in vaginal wash were induced. In summary, immunization with a safe and stable recombinant VV carrying a single EBOV gp conferred robust systemic immune response and mucosal neutralizing antibodies, indicating that the recombinant virus could be utilized as a viral vector for plug-and-play universal platform in mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Xie
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Junjie Zai
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Kai Yi
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430400, China.
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Chea LS, Wyatt LS, Gangadhara S, Moss B, Amara RR. Novel Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vector Expressing Anti-apoptotic Gene B13R Delays Apoptosis and Enhances Humoral Responses. J Virol 2019; 93:e01648-18. [PMID: 30541829 PMCID: PMC6384055 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01648-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), an attenuated poxvirus, has been developed as a potential vaccine vector for use against cancer and multiple infectious diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). MVA is highly immunogenic and elicits strong cellular and humoral responses in preclinical models and humans. However, there is potential to further enhance the immunogenicity of MVA, as MVA-infected cells undergo rapid apoptosis, leading to faster clearance of recombinant antigens and potentially blunting a greater response. Here, we generated MVA-B13R by replacing the fragmented 181R/182R genes of MVA with a functional anti-apoptotic gene, B13R, and confirmed its anti-apoptotic function against chemically induced apoptosis in vitro In addition, MVA-B13R showed a significant delay in induction of apoptosis in muscle cells derived from mice and humans, as well as in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD141+ DCs from rhesus macaques, compared to the induction of apoptosis in MVA-infected cells. MVA-B13R expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag and Pol and HIV envelope (SHIV) (MVA-B13R/SHIV) produced higher levels of envelope in the supernatants than MVA/SHIV-infected DF-1 cells in vitro Immunization of BALB/c mice showed induction of higher levels of envelope-specific antibody-secreting cells and memory B cells, higher IgG antibody titers, and better persistence of antibody titers with MVA-B13R/SHIV than with MVA/SHIV. Gene set enrichment analysis of draining lymph node cells from day 1 after immunization showed negative enrichment for interferon responses in MVA-B13R/SHIV-immunized mice compared to the responses in MVA/SHIV-immunized mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that restoring B13R functionality in MVA significantly delays MVA-induced apoptosis in muscle and antigen-presenting cells in vitro and augments vaccine-induced humoral immunity in mice.IMPORTANCE MVA is an attractive viral vector for vaccine development due to its safety and immunogenicity in multiple species and humans even under conditions of immunodeficiency. Here, to further improve the immunogenicity of MVA, we developed a novel vector, MVA-B13R, by replacing the fragmented anti-apoptotic genes 181R/182R with a functional version derived from vaccinia virus, B13R Our results show that MVA-B13R significantly delays apoptosis in antigen-presenting cells and muscle cells in vitro and augments vaccine-induced humoral immunity in mice, leading to the development of a novel vector for vaccine development against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette S Chea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Linda S Wyatt
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Chisholm CF, Kang TJ, Dong M, Lewis K, Namekar M, Lehrer AT, Randolph TW. Thermostable Ebola virus vaccine formulations lyophilized in the presence of aluminum hydroxide. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:213-220. [PMID: 30703544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
No United States Food and Drug Administration-licensed vaccines protective against Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are currently available. EBOV vaccine candidates currently in development, as well as most currently licensed vaccines in general, require transport and storage under a continuous cold chain in order to prevent potential decreases in product efficacy. Cold chain requirements are particularly difficult to maintain in developing countries. To improve thermostability and reduce costly cold chain requirements, a subunit protein vaccine against EBOV was formulated as a glassy solid using lyophilization. Formulations of the key antigen, Ebola glycoprotein (EBOV-GP), adjuvanted with microparticulate aluminum hydroxide were prepared in liquid and lyophilized forms, and the vaccines were incubated at 40 °C for 12 weeks. Aggregation and degradation of EBOV-GP were observed in liquid formulations during the 12-week incubation period, whereas changes were minimal in lyophilized formulations. Antibody responses against EBOV-GP following three intramuscular immunizations in BALB/c mice were used to determine vaccine immunogenicity. EBOV-GP formulations were equally immunogenic in liquid and lyophilized forms. After lyophilization and reconstitution, adjuvanted vaccine formulations produced anti-EBOV-GP IgG antibody responses in mice similar to those generated against corresponding adjuvanted liquid vaccine formulations. More importantly, antibody responses in mice injected with reconstituted lyophilized vaccine formulations that had been incubated at 40 °C for 12 weeks prior to injection indicated that vaccine immunogenicity was fully retained after high-temperature storage, showing promise for future vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Fleagle Chisholm
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Taek Jin Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Miao Dong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Kasey Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Madhuri Namekar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Axel T Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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Perdomo-Celis F, Salvato MS, Medina-Moreno S, Zapata JC. T-Cell Response to Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E11. [PMID: 30678246 PMCID: PMC6466054 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are a group of clinically similar diseases that can be caused by enveloped RNA viruses primarily from the families Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Hantaviridae, and Flaviviridae. Clinically, this group of diseases has in common fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and other associated symptoms that can progress to vascular leakage, bleeding and multi-organ failure. Most of these viruses are zoonotic causing asymptomatic infections in the primary host, but in human beings, the infection can be lethal. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the T-cell response is needed for protection against VHF, but can also cause damage to the host, and play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Here, we present a review of the T-cell immune responses to VHF and insights into the possible ways to improve counter-measures for these viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Perdomo-Celis
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sandra Medina-Moreno
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Juan C Zapata
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Prow NA, Jimenez Martinez R, Hayball JD, Howley PM, Suhrbier A. Poxvirus-based vector systems and the potential for multi-valent and multi-pathogen vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:925-934. [PMID: 30300041 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1522255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increasing number of vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, the pressure to generate multi-valent and multi-pathogen vaccines grows. Combining individual established vaccines to generate single-shot formulations represents an established path, with significant ensuing public health and cost benefits. Poxvirus-based vector systems have the capacity for large recombinant payloads and have been widely used as platforms for the development of recombinant vaccines encoding multiple antigens, with considerable clinical trials activity and a number of registered and licensed products. AREAS COVERED Herein we discuss design strategies, production processes, safety issues, regulatory hurdles and clinical trial activities, as well as pertinent new technologies such as systems vaccinology and needle-free delivery. Literature searches used PubMed, Google Scholar and clinical trials registries, with a focus on the recombinant vaccinia-based systems, Modified Vaccinia Ankara and the recently developed Sementis Copenhagen Vector. EXPERT COMMENTARY Vaccinia-based platforms show considerable promise for the development of multi-valent and multi-pathogen vaccines, especially with recent developments in vector technologies and manufacturing processes. New methodologies for defining immune correlates and human challenge models may also facilitate bringing such vaccines to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Prow
- a Inflammation Biology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,b Inflammation Biology , Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Rocio Jimenez Martinez
- a Inflammation Biology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - John D Hayball
- c Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Paul M Howley
- d Inflammation Biology , Sementis Ltd , Berwick , Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- a Inflammation Biology , QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia.,b Inflammation Biology , Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , Brisbane , Australia
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Abstract
The West African Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic has fast-tracked countermeasures for this rare, emerging zoonotic pathogen. Until 2013-2014, most EBOV vaccine candidates were stalled between the preclinical and clinical milestones on the path to licensure, because of funding problems, lack of interest from pharmaceutical companies, and competing priorities in public health. The unprecedented and devastating epidemic propelled vaccine candidates toward clinical trials that were initiated near the end of the active response to the outbreak. Those trials did not have a major impact on the epidemic but provided invaluable data on vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and, to a limited degree, even efficacy in humans. There are plenty of lessons to learn from these trials, some of which are addressed in this review. Better preparation is essential to executing an effective response to EBOV in the future; yet, the first indications of waning interest are already noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA;
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba 93E 0J9, Canada
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA;
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Gilchuk P, Kuzmina N, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Gunn BM, Bryan A, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Turner HL, Fusco ML, Bramble MS, Hoff NA, Binshtein E, Kose N, Flyak AI, Flinko R, Orlandi C, Carnahan R, Parrish EH, Sevy AM, Bombardi RG, Singh PK, Mukadi P, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ohi MD, Saphire EO, Lewis GK, Alter G, Ward AB, Rimoin AW, Bukreyev A, Crowe JE. Multifunctional Pan-ebolavirus Antibody Recognizes a Site of Broad Vulnerability on the Ebolavirus Glycoprotein. Immunity 2018; 49:363-374.e10. [PMID: 30029854 PMCID: PMC6104738 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses cause severe disease in humans, and identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are effective against multiple ebolaviruses are important for therapeutics development. Here we describe a distinct class of broadly neutralizing human mAbs with protective capacity against three ebolaviruses infectious for humans: Ebola (EBOV), Sudan (SUDV), and Bundibugyo (BDBV) viruses. We isolated mAbs from human survivors of ebolavirus disease and identified a potent mAb, EBOV-520, which bound to an epitope in the glycoprotein (GP) base region. EBOV-520 efficiently neutralized EBOV, BDBV, and SUDV and also showed protective capacity in relevant animal models of these infections. EBOV-520 mediated protection principally by direct virus neutralization and exhibited multifunctional properties. This study identified a potent naturally occurring mAb and defined key features of the human antibody response that may contribute to broad protection. This multifunctional mAb and related clones are promising candidates for development as broadly protective pan-ebolavirus therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Natalia Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aubrey Bryan
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Hannah L. Turner
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marnie L. Fusco
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew S. Bramble
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Department of Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Nicole A. Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew I. Flyak
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin Flinko
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Chiara Orlandi
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica H. Parrish
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexander M. Sevy
- Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robin G. Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Prashant K. Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick Mukadi
- Institut Nationale de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Melanie D. Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - George K. Lewis
- Division of Vaccine Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne W. Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, USA,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Corresponding author
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Corresponding author
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35
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Robinson HL, Marzi A. Ebola virus - prospects for a novel virus-like-particle-expressing modified vaccinia Ankara-based vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:769-771. [PMID: 30092691 PMCID: PMC9491071 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1510775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Marzi
- b Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Hamilton , MT , USA
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Dhama K, Karthik K, Khandia R, Chakraborty S, Munjal A, Latheef SK, Kumar D, Ramakrishnan MA, Malik YS, Singh R, Malik SVS, Singh RK, Chaicumpa W. Advances in Designing and Developing Vaccines, Drugs, and Therapies to Counter Ebola Virus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1803. [PMID: 30147687 PMCID: PMC6095993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the family Filoviridae, is responsible for causing Ebola virus disease (EVD) (formerly named Ebola hemorrhagic fever). This is a severe, often fatal illness with mortality rates varying from 50 to 90% in humans. Although the virus and associated disease has been recognized since 1976, it was only when the recent outbreak of EBOV in 2014-2016 highlighted the danger and global impact of this virus, necessitating the need for coming up with the effective vaccines and drugs to counter its pandemic threat. Albeit no commercial vaccine is available so far against EBOV, a few vaccine candidates are under evaluation and clinical trials to assess their prophylactic efficacy. These include recombinant viral vector (recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector, chimpanzee adenovirus type 3-vector, and modified vaccinia Ankara virus), Ebola virus-like particles, virus-like replicon particles, DNA, and plant-based vaccines. Due to improvement in the field of genomics and proteomics, epitope-targeted vaccines have gained top priority. Correspondingly, several therapies have also been developed, including immunoglobulins against specific viral structures small cell-penetrating antibody fragments that target intracellular EBOV proteins. Small interfering RNAs and oligomer-mediated inhibition have also been verified for EVD treatment. Other treatment options include viral entry inhibitors, transfusion of convalescent blood/serum, neutralizing antibodies, and gene expression inhibitors. Repurposed drugs, which have proven safety profiles, can be adapted after high-throughput screening for efficacy and potency for EVD treatment. Herbal and other natural products are also being explored for EVD treatment. Further studies to better understand the pathogenesis and antigenic structures of the virus can help in developing an effective vaccine and identifying appropriate antiviral targets. This review presents the recent advances in designing and developing vaccines, drugs, and therapies to counter the EBOV threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Satya Veer Singh Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine SIriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics and vaccines to treat or prevent disease caused by filoviruses, such as Ebola and Marburg viruses, depends on the availability of animal models that faithfully recapitulate clinical hallmarks of disease as it is observed in humans. In particular, small animal models (such as mice and guinea pigs) are historically and frequently used for the primary evaluation of antiviral countermeasures, prior to testing in nonhuman primates, which represent the gold-standard filovirus animal model. In the past several years, however, the filovirus field has witnessed the continued refinement of the mouse and guinea pig models of disease, as well as the introduction of the hamster and ferret models. We now have small animal models for most human-pathogenic filoviruses, many of which are susceptible to wild type virus and demonstrate key features of disease, including robust virus replication, coagulopathy, and immune system dysfunction. Although none of these small animal model systems perfectly recapitulates Ebola virus disease or Marburg virus disease on its own, collectively they offer a nearly complete set of tools in which to carry out the preclinical development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Banadyga
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Gary Wong
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, 29 Bulan Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, China, 518000
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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