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Trauet J, Bourgoin P, Schuldt J, Lefèvre G, Labalette M, Busnel JM, Demaret J. Studying antigen-specific T cells through a streamlined, whole blood-based extracellular approach. Cytometry A 2024; 105:288-296. [PMID: 38149360 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Techniques currently used for the study of antigen-specific T-cell responses are either poorly informative or require a heavy workload. Consequently, many perspectives associated with the broader study of such approaches remain mostly unexplored in translational research. However, these could benefit many fields including but not limited to infectious diseases, oncology, and vaccination. Herein, the main objective of this work was to develop a standardized flow cytometry-based approach that would combine ease of use together with a relevant study of antigen-specific T-cell responses so that they could be more often included in clinical research. To this extent, a streamlined approach relying on 1/ the use of whole blood instead of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 2/ solely based on the expression of extracellular activation-induced markers (AIMs), called whole blood AIM (WAIM), was developed and further compared to more conventional techniques such as enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) and flow cytometry-based intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Based on a cohort of 20 individuals receiving the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and focusing on SARS-CoV-2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV)-derived antigen T-cell-specific responses, a significant level of correlation between the three techniques was found. Based on the use of whole blood and on the expression of extracellular activation-induced markers (CD154, CD137, and CD107a), the WAIM technique appears to be very simple to implement and yet allows interesting patient stratification capabilities as the chosen combination of extracellular markers exhibited higher orthogonality than cytokines that are commonly considered in ICS (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Trauet
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Penelope Bourgoin
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - Jana Schuldt
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Lefèvre
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Labalette
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Busnel
- Global Research Organization, Beckman Coulter Life Sciences, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Demaret
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, Lille, France
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Csernalabics B, Marinescu MS, Maurer L, Kelsch L, Werner J, Baumann K, Zoldan K, Panning M, Reuken P, Bruns T, Bengsch B, Neumann-Haefelin C, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Dao Thi VL, Boettler T. Efficient formation and maintenance of humoral and CD4 T-cell immunity targeting the viral capsid in acute-resolving hepatitis E infection. J Hepatol 2024; 80:564-575. [PMID: 38154741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD4 T cells shape the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response and facilitate viral clearance in various infections. Knowledge of their phenotype, specificity and dynamics in hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is limited. HEV is enterically transmitted as a naked virus (nHEV) but acquires a host-derived quasi-envelope (eHEV) when budding from cells. While nHEV is composed of the open reading frame (ORF)-2-derived capsid, eHEV particles also contain ORF3-derived proteins. We aimed to longitudinally characterize the HEV-specific CD4 T cells targeting ORF1, 2 and 3 and antibodies against nHEV or eHEV in immunocompetent individuals with acute and resolved HEV infection. METHODS HEV-specific CD4 T cells were analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation with in silico-predicted ORF1- and ORF2-derived epitopes and overlapping peptides spanning the ORF3 region. Ex vivo multiparametric characterization of capsid-specific CD4 T cells was performed using customized MHC class II tetramers. Total and neutralizing antibodies targeting nHEV or eHEV particles were determined. RESULTS HEV-specific CD4 T-cell frequencies and antibody titers are highest in individuals with acute infection and decline in a time-dependent process with an antigen hierarchy. HEV-specific CD4 T cells strongly target the ORF2-derived capsid and ORF3-specific CD4 T cells are hardly detectable. NAbs targeting nHEV are found in high titers while eHEV particles are less efficiently neutralized. Capsid-specific CD4 T cells undergo memory formation and stepwise contraction, accompanied by dynamic phenotypical and transcriptional changes over time. CONCLUSION The viral capsid is the main target of HEV-specific CD4 T cells and antibodies in acute-resolving infection, correlating with efficient neutralization of nHEV. Capsid-specific immunity rapidly emerges followed by a stepwise contraction several years after infection. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS The interplay of CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibody responses is critical in the host defense against viral infections, yet little is known about their characteristics in hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. We conducted a longitudinal study of immunocompetent individuals with acute and resolved HEV infection to understand the characteristics of HEV-specific CD4 T cells and neutralizing antibodies targeting different viral proteins and particles. We found that HEV-specific CD4 T cells mainly target capsid-derived epitopes. This correlates with efficient neutralization of naked virions while quasi-enveloped particles are less susceptible to neutralization. As individuals with pre-existing liver disease and immunocompromised individuals are at risk for fulminant or chronic courses of HEV infection, these individuals might benefit from the development of vaccination strategies which require a detailed knowledge of the composition and longevity of HEV-specific CD4 T-cell and antibody immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Csernalabics
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mircea Stefan Marinescu
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Maurer
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Lara Kelsch
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jill Werner
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Baumann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Reuken
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Jena, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Viet Loan Dao Thi
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases and Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Kamperschroer C, Frank B, Genell C, Lebrec H, Mitchell-Ryan S, Molinier B, Newsome C, Piche MS, Weinstock D, Collinge M, Freebern W, Rubio D. Current approaches to evaluate the function of cytotoxic T-cells in non-human primates. J Immunotoxicol 2023; 20:2176952. [PMID: 36788724 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2023.2176952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) are a subset of T-cells that play a critical role in protecting against intracellular infections and cancer, and have the ability to identify and kill infected or transformed cells expressing non-self peptides associated with major histocompatibility (MHC) Class I molecules. Conversely, aberrant CTL activity can contribute to immune-related pathology under conditions of overwhelming infection or autoimmunity. Disease-modifying therapeutics can have unintended effects on CTL, and a growing number of therapeutics are intended to either suppress or enhance CTL or their functions. The susceptibility of CTL to unintended effects from common therapeutic modalities underscores the need for a better understanding of the impact that such therapies have on CTL function and the associated safety implications. While there are reliable ways of quantifying CTL, notably via flow cytometric analysis of specific CTL markers, it has been a greater challenge to implement fit-for-purpose methods measuring CTL function in the context of safety studies of therapeutics. This review focuses on methods for measuring CTL responses in the context of drug safety and pharmacology testing, with the goals of informing the reader about current approaches, evaluating their pros and cons, and providing perspectives on the utility of these approaches for safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hervé Lebrec
- Sonoma Biotherapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Fernández-Ruiz M, Redondo N, Parra P, Ruiz-Merlo T, Rodríguez-Goncer I, Polanco N, González E, López-Medrano F, San Juan R, Navarro D, Andrés A, Aguado JM. Comparison of intracellular cytokine staining versus an ELISA-based assay to assess CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity in high-risk kidney transplant recipients. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28733. [PMID: 37185851 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The best method for monitoring cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI) among high-risk kidney transplant (KT) recipients remains uncertain. We assessed CMV-CMI by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) by flow cytometry and a commercial interferon (IFN)-γ release assay (QuantiFERON®-CMV [QTF-CMV]) at posttransplant months 3, 4, and 5 in 53 CMV-seropositive KT recipients that had received induction therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and a 3-month course of valganciclovir prophylaxis. The discriminative capacity (areas under receiver operating characteristics curve [auROCs]) and diagnostic accuracy to predict immune protection against CMV infection from the discontinuation of prophylaxis to month 12 were compared between both methods. There was significant although moderate correlations between CMV-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cell counts enumerated by ICS and IFN-γ levels by QTF-CMV at months 3 (rho: 0.493; p = 0.005) and 4 (rho: 0.440; p = 0.077). The auROCs for CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells by ICS were nonsignificantly higher than that of QTF-CMV (0.696 and 0.733 vs. 0.678; p = 0.900 and 0.692, respectively). The optimal cut-off of ≥0.395 CMV-specific CD8+ T-cells yielded a sensitivity of 86.4%, specificity of 54.6%, positive predictive value of 79.2% and negative predictive value of 66.7% to predict protection. The corresponding estimates for QTF-CMV (IFN-γ levels ≥0.2 IU/mL) were 78.9%, 37.5%, 75.0%, and 42.9%, respectively. The enumeration of CMV-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T-cells at the time of cessation of prophylaxis performed slightly better than the QTF-CMV assay to predict immune protection in seropositive KT recipients previously treated with ATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Parra
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Ruiz-Merlo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Goncer
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Polanco
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther González
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Medrano
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael San Juan
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amado Andrés
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Corbière V, Lambert EE, Rodesch M, van Gaans-van den Brink JAM, Misiak A, Simonetti E, Van Praet A, Godefroid A, Diavatopoulos DA, van Els CACM, Mascart F. A semi high-throughput whole blood-based flow cytometry assay to detect and monitor Bordetella pertussis-specific Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101366. [PMID: 36814927 PMCID: PMC9939445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The characterization of B. pertussis (Bp) antigen-specific CD4+ T cell cytokine responses should be included in the evaluation of immunogenicity of pertussis vaccines but is often hindered by the lack of standardized robust assays. Methods To overcome this limitation, we developed a two-step assay comprising a short-term stimulation of fresh whole blood with Bp antigens and cryopreservation of the stimulated cells, followed later on by batch-wise intracellular cytokine analysis by flow cytometry. Blood samples collected from recently acellular (aP) vaccine boosted subjects with a whole-cell- or aP-primed background was incubated for 24 hrs with Pertussis toxin, Filamentous hemagglutinin or a Bp lysate (400µl per stimulation). Antigen-specific IFN-γ-, IL-4/IL-5/IL-13-, IL-17A/IL-17F- and/or IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells were quantified by flow cytometry to reveal Th1, Th2, and Th17-type responses, respectively. The frequencies of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells were also analyzed. Results We demonstrate high reproducibility of the Bp-specific whole blood intracellular staining assay. The results obtained after cryopreservation of the stimulated and fixed cells were very well correlated to those obtained without cryopreservation, an approach used in our previously published assay. Optimization resulted in high sensitivity thanks to very low non-specific backgrounds, with reliable detection of Bp antigen-specific Th1, Th2 and Th17-type CD4+ T cells, in the lowest range frequency of 0.01-0.03%. Bp antigen-specific IFN-γ+ CD8+ T lymphocytes were also detected. This test is easy to perform, analyse and interpret with the establishment of strict criteria defining Bp antigen responses. Discussion Thus, this assay appears as a promising test for evaluation of Bp antigen-specific CD4+ T cells induced by current and next generation pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleonora E Lambert
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marine Rodesch
- Department of Paediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Alicja Misiak
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elles Simonetti
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Van Praet
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Godefroid
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.,Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Françoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
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Taus E, Hofmann C, Ibarrondo FJ, Gong LS, Hausner MA, Fulcher JA, Krogstad P, Kitchen SG, Ferbas KG, Tobin NH, Rimoin AW, Aldrovandi GM, Yang OO. Persistent memory despite rapid contraction of circulating T Cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100594. [PMID: 36860850 PMCID: PMC9968837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While antibodies raised by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have had compromised efficacy to prevent breakthrough infections due to both limited durability and spike sequence variation, the vaccines have remained highly protective against severe illness. This protection is mediated through cellular immunity, particularly CD8+ T cells, and lasts at least a few months. Although several studies have documented rapidly waning levels of vaccine-elicited antibodies, the kinetics of T cell responses have not been well defined. Methods Interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) were utilized to assess cellular immune responses (in isolated CD8+ T cells or whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs) to pooled peptides spanning spike. ELISA was performed to quantitate serum antibodies against the spike receptor binding domain (RBD). Results In two persons receiving primary vaccination, tightly serially evaluated frequencies of anti-spike CD8+ T cells using ELISpot assays revealed strikingly short-lived responses, peaking after about 10 days and becoming undetectable by about 20 days after each dose. This pattern was also observed in cross-sectional analyses of persons after the first and second doses during primary vaccination with mRNA vaccines. In contrast, cross-sectional analysis of COVID-19-recovered persons using the same assay showed persisting responses in most persons through 45 days after symptom onset. Cross-sectional analysis using IFN-γ ICS of PBMCs from persons 13 to 235 days after mRNA vaccination also demonstrated undetectable CD8+ T cells against spike soon after vaccination, and extended the observation to include CD4+ T cells. However, ICS analyses of the same PBMCs after culturing with the mRNA-1273 vaccine in vitro showed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that were readily detectable in most persons out to 235 days after vaccination. Discussion Overall, we find that detection of spike-targeted responses from mRNA vaccines using typical IFN-γ assays is remarkably transient, which may be a function of the mRNA vaccine platform and an intrinsic property of the spike protein as an immune target. However, robust memory, as demonstrated by capacity for rapid expansion of T cells responding to spike, is maintained at least several months after vaccination. This is consistent with the clinical observation of vaccine protection from severe illness lasting months. The level of such memory responsiveness required for clinical protection remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Taus
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christian Hofmann
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - F Javier Ibarrondo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laura S Gong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Hausner
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer A Fulcher
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul Krogstad
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott G Kitchen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathie G Ferbas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole H Tobin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anne W Rimoin
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Grace M Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Otto O Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Moodie Z, Dintwe O, Sawant S, Grove D, Huang Y, Janes H, Heptinstall J, Omar FL, Cohen K, De Rosa SC, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Seaton KE, Laher F, Bekker LG, Malahleha M, Innes C, Kassim S, Naicker N, Govender V, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Lazarus E, Nchabeleng M, Ward AM, Brumskine W, Dubula T, Randhawa AK, Grunenberg N, Hural J, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Jin Y, Carpp LN, Allen M, D’Souza P, Tartaglia J, DiazGranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Gilbert PB, Kublin JG, Corey L, Andersen-Nissen E, Gray GE, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ. Analysis of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702 Phase 2b-3 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa Assessing RV144 Antibody and T-Cell Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition Risk. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:246-257. [PMID: 35758878 PMCID: PMC9890908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ALVAC/gp120 + MF59 vaccines in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 702 efficacy trial did not prevent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Vaccine-matched immunological endpoints that were correlates of HIV-1 acquisition risk in RV144 were measured in HVTN 702 and evaluated as correlates of HIV-1 acquisition. METHODS Among 1893 HVTN 702 female vaccinees, 60 HIV-1-seropositive cases and 60 matched seronegative noncases were sampled. HIV-specific CD4+ T-cell and binding antibody responses were measured 2 weeks after fourth and fifth immunizations. Cox proportional hazards models assessed prespecified responses as predictors of HIV-1 acquisition. RESULTS The HVTN 702 Env-specific CD4+ T-cell response rate was significantly higher than in RV144 (63% vs 40%, P = .03) with significantly lower IgG binding antibody response rate and magnitude to 1086.C V1V2 (67% vs 100%, P < .001; Pmag < .001). Although no significant univariate associations were observed between any T-cell or binding antibody response and HIV-1 acquisition, significant interactions were observed (multiplicity-adjusted P ≤.03). Among vaccinees with high IgG A244 V1V2 binding antibody responses, vaccine-matched CD4+ T-cell endpoints associated with decreased HIV-1 acquisition (estimated hazard ratios = 0.40-0.49 per 1-SD increase in CD4+ T-cell endpoint). CONCLUSIONS HVTN 702 and RV144 had distinct immunogenicity profiles. However, both identified significant correlations (univariate or interaction) for IgG V1V2 and polyfunctional CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 acquisition. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT02968849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - One Dintwe
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Doug Grove
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jack Heptinstall
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Faatima Laher Omar
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole L Yates
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mookho Malahleha
- Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve, South Africa
- Synergy Biomed Research Institute, East London, South Africa
| | - Craig Innes
- The Aurum Institute, Klerksdorp, South Africa
| | - Sheetal Kassim
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nivashnee Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nishanta Singh
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Philip Kotze
- Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Centre, Ladysmith, South Africa
| | - Erica Lazarus
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maphoshane Nchabeleng
- Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amy M Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Thozama Dubula
- Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - April K Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Allen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia D’Souza
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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8
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De Rosa SC, Cohen KW, Bonaparte M, Fu B, Garg S, Gerard C, Goepfert PA, Huang Y, Larocque D, McElrath MJ, Morris D, Van der Most R, de Bruyn G, Pagnon A. Whole-blood cytokine secretion assay as a high-throughput alternative for assessing the cell-mediated immunity profile after two doses of an adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine candidate. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1360. [PMID: 35035955 PMCID: PMC8752373 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously described the Phase I-II evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein candidate vaccine, CoV2-PreS-dTM, with AF03- or AS03-adjuvant systems (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04537208). Here, we further characterise the cellular immunogenicity profile of this vaccine candidate using a whole-blood secretion assay in parallel to intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS A randomly allocated subset of 90 healthy, SARS-CoV-2-seronegative adults aged ≥ 18 years who had received (random allocation) one or two separate injections (on study day [D]1 and D22) of saline placebo or CoV2-PreS-dTM formulated with AS03 or AF03 were included. Cytokine secretion was assessed using a TruCulture® whole-blood stimulation system in combination with multiplex bead array, and intracellular cytokine profiles were evaluated on thawed PBMCs following ex vivo stimulation with recombinant S protein at pre-vaccination (D1), post-dose 1 (D22) and post-dose 2 (D36). RESULTS Both methods detected similar vaccine-induced responses after the first and second doses. We observed a Th1 bias (Th1/Th2 ratio > 1.0) for most treatment groups when analysed in whole blood, mainly characterised by increased IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α secretion. Among participants aged ≥ 50 years, the Th1/Th2 ratio was higher for those who received vaccine candidate with AS03 versus AF03 adjuvant. ICS revealed that this higher Th1/Th2 ratio resulted from higher levels of IFN-γ expression and that the vaccine induced polyfunctional CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS The whole-blood cytokine secretion assay is a high-throughput alternative for assessing the quantity and character of vaccine-induced cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Bo Fu
- BiostaticsSanofi PasteurSwiftwaterPAUSA
| | | | | | - Paul A Goepfert
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Ying Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Daryl Morris
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Guy de Bruyn
- Global Clinical DevelopmentSanofi PasteurSwiftwaterPAUSA
| | - Anke Pagnon
- Research DepartmentSanofi PasteurMarcy l’ÉtoileFrance
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9
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Jung J, Jhun BW, Jeong M, Yoon SJ, Huh HJ, Jung CW, Kim K, Park JB, Kim DJ, Huh W, Jang HR, Kim YH, Hong SN, Chung DR, Kang ES. Is the New Interferon-Gamma Releasing Assay Beneficial for the Diagnosis of Latent and Active Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections in Tertiary Care Setting? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071376. [PMID: 33805448 PMCID: PMC8036413 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) are widely used in the laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections, particularly in the latent form. We compared the performance of a newly developed IGRA, the Standard E TB-Feron ELISA (TBF) with the currently used QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus assay (QFT-Plus) for the detection of latent tuberculosis infections (LTBIs) in tertiary care settings. We also investigated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released by T cell subsets via intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and flow cytometry. A total of 335 subjects including 40 patients with active tuberculosis (ATB), 75 immunocompromised patients with LTBIs (P-LTBI), 70 health care workers with LTBIs (H-LTBI), and 150 healthy controls (HC) were studied. Overall, 168 subjects (50.1%) and 178 subjects (53.1%) displayed IGRA-positive results in the QFT-Plus and TBF, respectively. The overall concordance rate was 94.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of TBF were 88% and 95%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of QFT-Plus were 90% and 100%, respectively. Twenty discordant results (6.0%) were observed in simultaneously performed QFT-Plus and TBF. Particularly, 13 LTBI subjects previously positive QFT-Plus showed negative results in QFT-Plus performed after enrollment. In TBF, six subjects showed positive results while five were negatively concordant with QFT-plus and two were indeterminate. The overall proportion of IFN-γ releasing CD8+ T lymphocytes was significantly higher in TBF compared to those of QFT-Plus TB1 and TB2 (0.21% vs. 0.01% and 0.02%; p-value < 0.05). The recombinant protein antigens in the TBF stimulated TB-specific CD8+ T cells more efficiently. Therefore, TBF would be a useful alternative to current IGRAs such as the QFT-Plus, particularly in tertiary care settings where the immunocompromised patients are subjected to IGRA tests to differentiate MTB infection. Further strategies to analyze the implications of the discrepancies, particularly near the cutoff values between different IGRAs, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.J.); (S.J.Y.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Mijeong Jeong
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Sun Joo Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.J.); (S.J.Y.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.J.); (S.J.Y.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sunghyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.W.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sunghyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.W.J.); (K.K.)
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (D.J.K.); (W.H.); (H.R.J.)
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (D.J.K.); (W.H.); (H.R.J.)
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (D.J.K.); (W.H.); (H.R.J.)
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Sung Noh Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (Y.-H.K.); (S.N.H.)
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (J.J.); (S.J.Y.); (H.J.H.)
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute Research, Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-2703; Fax: +82-2-3410-2719
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10
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Chen JS, Grassmann JDS, Gowthaman U, Olyha SJ, Simoneau T, Berin MC, Eisenbarth SC, Williams A. Flow cytometric identification of T fh13 cells in mouse and human. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:470-483. [PMID: 32709424 PMCID: PMC7854882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction caused by cross-linking of high-affinity IgE antibodies on the surface of mast cells and basophils. Understanding the cellular mechanisms that lead to high-affinity IgE production is required to develop better therapeutics for preventing this severe reaction. A recently discovered population of T follicular helper Tfh13 cells regulates the production of high-affinity IgE in mouse models of allergy and can also be found in patients with allergies with IgE antibodies against food or aeroallergens. Here we describe optimized protocols for identifying Tfh13 cells in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | | | - Uthaman Gowthaman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Sam J Olyha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Tregony Simoneau
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Division of Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute/Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Adam Williams
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Conn; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn.
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11
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Price LS, Adamow M, Attig S, Fecci P, Norberg P, Reap E, Janetzki S, McNeil LK. Gating Harmonization Guidelines for Intracellular Cytokine Staining Validated in Second International Multiconsortia Proficiency Panel Conducted by Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium (CIC/CRI). Cytometry A 2020; 99:107-116. [PMID: 33090656 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Results from the first gating proficiency panel of intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) highlighted the value of using a consensus gating approach to reduce the variability across laboratories in reported %CD8+ or %CD4+ cytokine-positive cells. Based on the data analysis from the first proficiency panel, harmonization guidelines for a consensus gating protocol were proposed. To validate the recommendations from the first panel and to examine factors that were not included in the first panel, a second ICS gating proficiency panel was organized. All participants analyzed the same set of Flow Cytometry Standard (FCS) files using their own gating protocol. An optional learning module was provided to demonstrate how to apply the previously established gating recommendations and harmonization guidelines to actual ICS data files. Eighty-three participants took part in this proficiency panel. The results from this proficiency panel confirmed the harmonization guidelines from the first panel. These recommendations addressed the (1) placement of the cytokine-positive gate, (2) identification of CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T cells, (3) placement of lymphocyte gate, (4) inclusion of dim cells, (5) gate uniformity, and (6) proper adjustment of the biexponential scaling. In addition, based on the results of this proficiency gating panel, two new recommendations were added to expand the harmonization guidelines: (1) inclusion of dump channel marker to gate all live and dump negative cells and (2) backgating to confirm the correct placement of gates across all populations. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S Price
- Bioforum, The Data Masters, CRO, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Matthew Adamow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Sebastian Attig
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department for Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Pamela Norberg
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa K McNeil
- Elicio Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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12
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Liechti T, Roederer M. OMIP-060: 30-Parameter Flow Cytometry Panel to Assess T Cell Effector Functions and Regulatory T Cells. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1129-1134. [PMID: 31334913 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We developed this comprehensive 28-color flow cytometry panel with the aim to measure a variety of T cell effector functions in combination with T cell differentiation markers (CCR7, CD27, CD28, CD45RO, CD95) in γδ T cells and CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells (Table 1). The effector functions measured in this panel include activation and co-stimulatory molecules (CD69, CD137, and CD154), cytokines (IL-2, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, TNF, and IFNγ), the chemokine IL-8, cytotoxic molecules (perforin and granzyme B), and the degranulation marker CD107a. In addition, Ki67 enables the identification and analysis of recently activated T cells. To characterize regulatory T cells (Tregs ), we included CD25, CD39, and the canonical Tregs transcription factor FoxP3. We developed and optimized this panel for cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. However, we successfully tested other types of stimulation such as staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) or a mix of immunodominant peptides (CEF peptide pool) from cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and influenza. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liechti
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
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13
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Termini JM, Magnani DM, Maxwell HS, Lauer W, Castro I, Pecotte J, Barber GN, Watkins DI, Desrosiers RC. Simian T Lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection of Papio anubis: tax Sequence Heterogeneity and T Cell Recognition. J Virol 2017; 91:e00950-17. [PMID: 28724769 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00950-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Baboons naturally infected with simian T lymphotropic virus (STLV) are a potentially useful model system for the study of vaccination against human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV). Here we expanded the number of available full-length baboon STLV-1 sequences from one to three and related the T cell responses that recognize the immunodominant Tax protein to the tax sequences present in two individual baboons. Continuously growing T cell lines were established from two baboons, animals 12141 and 12752. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of complete STLV genome sequences from these T cell lines revealed them to be closely related but distinct from each other and from the baboon STLV-1 sequence in the NCBI sequence database. Overlapping peptides corresponding to each unique Tax sequence and to the reference baboon Tax sequence were used to analyze recognition by T cells from each baboon using intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). Individual baboons expressed more gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha in response to Tax peptides corresponding to their own STLV-1 sequence than in response to Tax peptides corresponding to the reference baboon STLV-1 sequence. Thus, our analyses revealed distinct but closely related STLV-1 genome sequences in two baboons, extremely low heterogeneity of STLV sequences within each baboon, no evidence for superinfection within each baboon, and a ready ability of T cells in each baboon to recognize circulating Tax sequences. While amino acid substitutions that result in escape from CD8+ T cell recognition were not observed, premature stop codons were observed in 7% and 56% of tax sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from animals 12141 and 12752, respectively.IMPORTANCE It has been estimated that approximately 100,000 people suffer serious morbidity and 10,000 people die each year from the consequences associated with human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection. There are no antiviral drugs and no preventive vaccine. A preventive vaccine would significantly impact the global burden associated with HTLV infections. Here we provide fundamental information on the simian T lymphotropic virus (STLV) naturally transmitted in a colony of captive baboons. The limited viral sequence heterogeneity in individual baboons, the identity of the viral gene product that is the major target of cellular immune responses, the persistence of viral amino acid sequences that are the major targets of cellular immune responses, and the emergence in vivo of truncated variants in the major target of cellular immune responses all parallel what are seen with HTLV infection of humans. These results justify the use of STLV-infected baboons as a model system for vaccine development efforts.
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14
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Moncunill G, De Rosa SC, Ayestaran A, Nhabomba AJ, Mpina M, Cohen KW, Jairoce C, Rutishauser T, Campo JJ, Harezlak J, Sanz H, Díez-Padrisa N, Williams NA, Morris D, Aponte JJ, Valim C, Daubenberger C, Dobaño C, McElrath MJ. RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine Induces Memory and Polyfunctional T Cell Responses in a Pediatric African Phase III Trial. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1008. [PMID: 28878775 PMCID: PMC5572329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive assessment of cellular responses to the RTS,S/AS01E vaccine is needed to understand potential correlates and ultimately mechanisms of protection against malaria disease. Cellular responses recognizing the RTS,S/AS01E-containing circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were assessed before and 1 month after primary vaccination by intracellular cytokine staining and 16-color flow cytometry in 105 RTS,S/AS01-vaccinated and 74 rabies-vaccinated participants (controls) in a pediatric phase III trial in Africa. RTS,S/AS01E-vaccinated children had significantly higher frequencies of CSP- and HBsAg-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-2, TNF-α, and CD40L and HBsAg-specific CD4+ T producing IFN-γ and IL-17 than baseline and the control group. Vaccine-induced responses were identified in both central and effector memory (EM) compartments. EM CD4+ T cells expressing IL-4 and IL-21 were detected recognizing both vaccine antigens. Consistently higher response rates to both antigens in RTS,S/AS01E-vaccinated than comparator-vaccinated children were observed. RTS,S/AS01E induced polyfunctional CSP- and HBsAg-specific CD4+ T cells, with a greater degree of polyfunctionality in HBsAg responses. In conclusion, RTS,S/AS01E vaccine induces T cells of higher functional heterogeneity and polyfunctionality than previously characterized. Responses detected in memory CD4+ T cell compartments may provide correlates of RTS,S/AS01-induced immunity and duration of protection in future correlates of immunity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique,*Correspondence: Gemma Moncunill,
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aintzane Ayestaran
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maximillian Mpina
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tobias Rutishauser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph J. Campo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Héctor Sanz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Díez-Padrisa
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nana Aba Williams
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daryl Morris
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John J. Aponte
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chen School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Janes HE, Cohen KW, Frahm N, De Rosa SC, Sanchez B, Hural J, Magaret CA, Karuna S, Bentley C, Gottardo R, Finak G, Grove D, Shen M, Graham BS, Koup RA, Mulligan MJ, Koblin B, Buchbinder SP, Keefer MC, Adams E, Anude C, Corey L, Sobieszczyk M, Hammer SM, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ. Higher T-Cell Responses Induced by DNA/rAd5 HIV-1 Preventive Vaccine Are Associated With Lower HIV-1 Infection Risk in an Efficacy Trial. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1376-1385. [PMID: 28199679 PMCID: PMC5853653 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is important to identify vaccine-induced immune responses that predict the preventative efficacy of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccine. We assessed T-cell response markers as correlates of risk in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 505 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial. Methods 2504 participants were randomized to DNA/rAd5 vaccine or placebo, administered at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 24. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained at week 26 from all 25 primary endpoint vaccine cases and 125 matched vaccine controls, and stimulated with vaccine-insert-matched peptides. Primary variables were total HIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell magnitude and Env-specific CD4+ polyfunctionality. Four secondary variables were also assessed. Immune responses were evaluated as predictors of HIV-1 infection among vaccinees using Cox proportional hazards models. Machine learning analyses identified immune response combinations best predicting HIV-1 infection. Results We observed an unexpectedly strong inverse correlation between Env-specific CD8+ immune response magnitude and HIV-1 infection risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.18 per SD increment; P = .04) and between Env-specific CD8+ polyfunctionality and infection risk (HR = 0.34 per SD increment; P < .01). Conclusions Further research is needed to determine if these immune responses are predictors of vaccine efficacy or markers of natural resistance to HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Kristen W Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Brittany Sanchez
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Craig A Magaret
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Shelly Karuna
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Carter Bentley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Douglas Grove
- The Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mingchao Shen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Beryl Koblin
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, New York Blood Center, New York
| | - Susan P Buchbinder
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Michael C Keefer
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York
| | - Elizabeth Adams
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and
| | - Chuka Anude
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - Magdalena Sobieszczyk
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
| | - Scott M Hammer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
| | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and
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16
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Lin L, Frelinger J, Jiang W, Finak G, Seshadri C, Bart PA, Pantaleo G, McElrath J, DeRosa S, Gottardo R. Identification and visualization of multidimensional antigen-specific T-cell populations in polychromatic cytometry data. Cytometry A 2015; 87:675-82. [PMID: 25908275 PMCID: PMC4482785 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An important aspect of immune monitoring for vaccine development, clinical trials, and research is the detection, measurement, and comparison of antigen-specific T-cells from subject samples under different conditions. Antigen-specific T-cells compose a very small fraction of total T-cells. Developments in cytometry technology over the past five years have enabled the measurement of single-cells in a multivariate and high-throughput manner. This growth in both dimensionality and quantity of data continues to pose a challenge for effective identification and visualization of rare cell subsets, such as antigen-specific T-cells. Dimension reduction and feature extraction play pivotal role in both identifying and visualizing cell populations of interest in large, multi-dimensional cytometry datasets. However, the automated identification and visualization of rare, high-dimensional cell subsets remains challenging. Here we demonstrate how a systematic and integrated approach combining targeted feature extraction with dimension reduction can be used to identify and visualize biological differences in rare, antigen-specific cell populations. By using OpenCyto to perform semi-automated gating and features extraction of flow cytometry data, followed by dimensionality reduction with t-SNE we are able to identify polyfunctional subpopulations of antigen-specific T-cells and visualize treatment-specific differences between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jacob Frelinger
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Julie McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steve DeRosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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17
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Abstract
In recent years, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged to be a great alternative to DNA-based vaccines due to the safety of not inserting into host genome. However, mRNA molecules are single-stranded nucleic acids that are vulnerable under RNase existing in human skin and tissues. In this study, a self-assembled cationic nanomicelles based on polyethyleneimine-stearic acid (PSA) copolymer were developed to delivery HIV-1 gag encoding mRNA to dendritic cells and BALB/c mice. We evaluated the transfection efficiency and cell uptake efficiency of naked EGFP mRNA, PSA, PEI-2k and PEI-25k nanoparticles format on DC2.4 cell lines. Immune responses after sub-cutaneous administration of gag mRNA to BALB/c mice were notably induced by PSA as compared with naked gag mRNA. We found the PSA/mRNA nanomicelles were potent systems that can effectively deliver mRNA and induce antigen-specific immune response, stimulating various new vaccine strategies using mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education , West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Man Li
- a Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education , West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education , West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gong
- a Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education , West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education , West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
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18
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Zelba H, Weide B, Martens A, Bailur JK, Garbe C, Pawelec G. The prognostic impact of specific CD4 T-cell responses is critically dependent on the target antigen in melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e955683. [PMID: 26097797 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.955683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma-associated antigens Melan-A and NY-ESO-1 stimulate different T-cell responses in late-stage melanoma patients. Either CD4+ or CD8+ T-cell reactivity against NY-ESO-1 was associated with better prognosis, but for Melan-A, only CD8+ but not CD4+ T-cell responses were associated with longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Zelba
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology; Department of Immunology; University of Tübingen ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Division of Dermatooncology; Department of Dermatology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Division of Dermatooncology; Department of Dermatology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II; Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology; Tübingen University Medical Center ; Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Li H, Margolick JB, Bream JH, Nilles TL, Langan S, Bui HT, Sylwester AW, Picker LJ, Leng SX. Heterogeneity of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to cytomegalovirus in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:400-4. [PMID: 24532602 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of T-cell immunity to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) primarily reflect anti-CMV pp65 or immediate early antigen 1 (IE-1) activity. We assessed responses of T cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and HIV-infected men to peptide pools spanning 19 CMV open reading frames selected because they previously correlated with total CMV-specific T-cell responses in healthy donors. Cells producing cytokines in response to pp65 or IE-1 together composed <12% and <40% of the total CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to CMV, respectively. These proportions were generally similar regardless of HIV serostatus. Thus, analyses of total CMV-specific T-cell responses should extend beyond pp65 and IE-1 regardless of HIV serostatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Li
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph B Margolick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jay H Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tricia L Nilles
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susan Langan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanhvy T Bui
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew W Sylwester
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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20
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Harenberg A, Begue S, Mamessier A, Gimenez-Fourage S, Ching Seah C, Wei Liang A, Li Ng J, Yun Toh X, Archuleta S, Wilder-Smith A, Shek LP, Wartel-Tram A, Bouckenooghe A, Lang J, Crevat D, Caillet C, Guy B. Persistence of Th1/Tc1 responses one year after tetravalent dengue vaccination in adults and adolescents in Singapore. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2317-25. [PMID: 23839107 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the cell mediated immunity (CMI) induced by the investigational CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine (TDV), we developed a whole-blood, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assay and a multiplex assay, each requiring 3 mL of blood. We assessed CMI before and 28 d after a first and third injection of CYD-TDV and one year after the third injection in a subset of 80 adolescents and adults enrolled in a phase II trial in Singapore (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT NCT00880893). CD4/IFNγ/TNFα responses specific to dengue NS3 were detected before vaccination. Vaccination induced YF-17D-NS3-specific CD8/IFNγ responses, without significant TNFα, and a CYD-specific Th1/Tc1 cellular response in all participants, which was characterized by predominant IFNγ secretion compared with TNFα, associated with low level IL-13 secretion in multiplex analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) supernatants after restimulation with each the CYD vaccine viruses. Responses were directed mainly against CYD-4 after the first vaccination, and were more balanced against all four serotypes after the third vaccination. The same qualitative profile was observed one year after the third vaccination, with approximately 2-fold lower NS3-specific responses, and 3-fold lower serotype-specific cellular responses. These findings confirm previous observations regarding both the nature and specificity of cellular responses induced by CYD-TDV, and for the first time demonstrate the persistence of cellular responses after one year. We also established the feasibility of analyzing CMI with small blood samples, allowing such analysis to be considered for pediatric trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Harenberg
- Research & Development; Sanofi pasteur; Marcy l'Etoile, France
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21
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Chaves DG, Velloso-Rodrigues C, Oliveira CA, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Santoro MM, Martins-Filho OA. A shift towards a T cell cytokine deficiency along with an anti-inflammatory/regulatory microenvironment may enable the synthesis of anti-FVIII inhibitors in haemophilia A patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:425-37. [PMID: 20846164 PMCID: PMC3026546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical relevance of anti-factor VIII (FVIII) antibodies (anti-FVIII inhibitors) impairing haemostatic activity of haemophilia A (HA) patients, the immunological mechanisms underlying their production are unknown. Aiming to understand more clearly the immune response in patients with [HAα-FVIII(+)] and without [HAα-FVIII(-)] anti-FVIII inhibitors, we have characterized the cytokine pattern of peripheral blood leucocytes, using an in vitro stimulation of whole blood samples with plasma-derived (pFVIII) or recombinant FVIII (rFVIII). The results highlighted decreased levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α(+) neutrophils with higher interleukin (IL)-5/TNF-α ratio in HAα-FVIII(+). All HA samples displayed decreased levels of IL-10(+) monocytes when compared to the blood donor (BD) samples. HAα-FVIII(+) showed lower levels of TNF-α(+) monocytes and increased IL-10/TNF-α ratio. Analysis of adaptive immunity revealed increased levels of interferon (IFN)-γ(+) , TNF-α(+) and IL-4(+) T-cells, from both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, in HAα-FVIII(-) when compared to BD. Moreover, increased frequency of IL-10(+) B cells and higher levels of α-FVIII IgG1 were observed in HAα-FVIII(-). Basal levels of cytokine(+) B-cells, similar to BD, and higher levels of α-FVIII IgG4 are major features in HAα-FVIII(+). The global cytokine profile demonstrated a major anti-inflammatory/regulatory pattern in HAα-FVIII(+), confirmed by the in vitro stimuli with pFVIII or rFVIII. The polarized anti-inflammatory/regulatory immune response in HAα-FVIII(+) and the mixed pattern with a bias towards an inflammatory cytokine profile, modulated by IL-4 in HAα-FVIII(-), may be the key element to drive the development of distinct subclasses of anti-FVIII antibodies. These finding have implications for the design of safe and effective therapeutic protocols to control inhibitors synthesis in HA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Chaves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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22
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Jin B, Wang RY, Qiu Q, Sugauchi F, Grandinetti T, Alter HJ, Shih JWK. Induction of potent cellular immune response in mice by hepatitis C virus NS3 protein with double-stranded RNA. Immunology 2007; 122:15-27. [PMID: 17451465 PMCID: PMC2265985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA is produced during virus replication and, together with the viral antigen, is responsible for inducing host antivirus immunity. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein-3 (NS3) has been implicated in the immune evasion of HCV, and is one of the prime targets for inducing immunity against HCV infection. Mice were immunized with recombinant NS3 protein (rNS3) and poly (I:C) emulsified in Montanide ISA 720 (M720). Cytokine production was assayed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and CD4(+) IFN-gamma(+) T helper (Th) cells or CD8(+) IFN-gamma(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Anti-NS3 titre and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG1 levels were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Administration of rNS3 formulated in poly (I:C) and M720 induced anti-NS3 titres with a predominantly IgG2a isotype comparable to those induced by rNS3 in CpG-ODN and M720. The cytokine profiles showed that this formulation induced a Th1-biased immune response with several-fold more interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells than interleukin-4-producing cells. In contrast, rNS3 in M720 induced a Th2-biased immune response. The frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells induced by rNS3 in poly (I:C) and M720 was significantly higher than that induced by rNS3, rNS3 in M720, or rNS3 in poly (I:C), and was comparable to that induced by rNS3 in CpG-ODN with M720. The antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune response persisted for up to 7 months after immunization. In conclusion, poly (I:C) with rNS3 in M720 can elicit a strong and persistent Th1-biased immune response and a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response through cross-priming in mice. This study highlighted a promising formulation for inducing an efficient cellular immune response against HCV that has potential for HCV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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23
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Goulder PJ, Tang Y, Brander C, Betts MR, Altfeld M, Annamalai K, Trocha A, He S, Rosenberg ES, Ogg G, O'Callaghan CA, Kalams SA, McKinney RE, Mayer K, Koup RA, Pelton SI, Burchett SK, McIntosh K, Walker BD. Functionally inert HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not play a major role in chronically infected adults and children. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1819-32. [PMID: 11120778 PMCID: PMC2213508 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.12.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2000] [Accepted: 07/24/2000] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly sensitive quantitation of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells using major histocompatibility complex-peptide tetramer assays has revealed higher levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in acute and chronic virus infections than were recognized previously. However, studies in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection have shown that tetramer assays may include measurement of a substantial number of tetramer-binding cells that are functionally inert. Such phenotypically silent CTLs, which lack cytolytic function and do not produce interferon (IFN)-gamma, have been hypothesized to explain the persistence of virus in the face of a quantitatively large immune response, particularly when CD4 help is impaired. In this study, we examined the role of functionally inert CTLs in chronic HIV infection. Subjects studied included children and adults (n = 42) whose viral loads ranged from <50 to >100,000 RNA copies/ml plasma. Tetramer assays were compared with three functional assays: enzyme-linked immunospot (Elispot), intracellular cytokine staining, and precursor frequency (limiting dilution assay [LDA]) cytotoxicity assays. Strong positive associations were observed between cell numbers derived by the Elispot and the tetramer assay (r = 0.90). An even stronger association between tetramer-derived numbers and intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-gamma was present (r = 0.97). The majority (median 76%) of tetramer-binding cells were consistently detectable via intracellular IFN-gamma cytokine staining. Furthermore, modifications to the LDA, using a low input cell number into each well, enabled LDAs to reach equivalence with the other methods of CTL enumeration. These data together show that functionally inert CTLs do not play a significant role in chronic pediatric or adult HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Goulder
- Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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