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Uchino E, Kusumoto-Yoshida I, Kashiwadani H, Kanmura Y, Matsunaga A, Kuwaki T. Identification of hypothermia-inducing neurons in the preoptic area and activation of them by isoflurane anesthesia and central injection of adenosine. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:33. [PMID: 38867187 PMCID: PMC11167735 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hibernation and torpor are not passive responses caused by external temperature drops and fasting but are active brain functions that lower body temperature. A population of neurons in the preoptic area was recently identified as such active torpor-regulating neurons. We hypothesized that the other hypothermia-inducing maneuvers would also activate these neurons. To test our hypothesis, we first refined the previous observations, examined the brain regions explicitly activated during the falling phase of body temperature using c-Fos expression, and confirmed the preoptic area. Next, we observed long-lasting hypothermia by reactivating torpor-tagged Gq-expressing neurons using the activity tagging and DREADD systems. Finally, we found that about 40-60% of torpor-tagged neurons were activated by succeeding isoflurane anesthesia and by icv administration of an adenosine A1 agonist. Isoflurane-induced and central adenosine-induced hypothermia is, at least in part, an active process mediated by the torpor-regulating neurons in the preoptic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Uchino
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hideki Kashiwadani
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kanmura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akira Matsunaga
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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2
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Takahashi K, Yamada T, Hosaka S, Kaneko K, Asai Y, Munakata Y, Seike J, Horiuchi T, Kodama S, Izumi T, Sawada S, Hoshikawa K, Inoue J, Masamune A, Ueno Y, Imai J, Katagiri H. Inter-organ insulin-leptin signal crosstalk from the liver enhances survival during food shortages. Cell Rep 2023:112415. [PMID: 37116488 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk among organs/tissues is important for regulating systemic metabolism. Here, we demonstrate inter-organ crosstalk between hepatic insulin and hypothalamic leptin actions, which maintains survival during food shortages. In inducible liver insulin receptor knockout mice, body weight is increased with hyperphagia and decreased energy expenditure, accompanied by increased circulating leptin receptor (LepR) and decreased hypothalamic leptin actions. Additional hepatic LepR deficiency reverses these metabolic phenotypes. Thus, decreased hepatic insulin action suppresses hypothalamic leptin action with increased liver-derived soluble LepR. Human hepatic and circulating LepR levels also correlate negatively with hepatic insulin action indices. In mice, food restriction decreases hepatic insulin action and energy expenditure with increased circulating LepR. Hepatic LepR deficiency increases mortality with enhanced energy expenditure during food restriction. The liver translates metabolic cues regarding energy-deficient status, which is reflected by decreased hepatic insulin action, into soluble LepR, thereby suppressing energy dissipation and assuring survival during food shortages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Hosaka
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keizo Kaneko
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Asai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Munakata
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Junro Seike
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horiuchi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kodama
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohito Izumi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Junta Imai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Liu W, Yuan B, Tao C, Dou G. Effects of Nursing Care Using a Fast-Track Surgery Approach in 49 Patients with Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing First-Line Treatment with Radiofrequency Ablation: A Retrospective Study. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e939044. [PMID: 36823968 PMCID: PMC9972691 DOI: 10.12659/msm.939044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fast-track surgery (FTS), also known as enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), includes a coordinated perioperative approach to patient care that aims to facilitate postoperative recovery. The role of nursing care is central to the concept of FTS. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of nursing care using an FTS approach in 49 patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing first-line treatment with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was made of 49 patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent first-line treatment with radiofrequency ablation in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. The nurses have been nursing the patients in accordance with the requirements of FTS from 2021. Compared with the data of patients receiving traditional nursing, the detailed differences in postoperative recovery, pain score, complication rate, liver and kidney function, and nursing satisfaction were analyzed. RESULTS After applying the FTS nursing model, the patients had significantly shorter time to first flatus, infusion, postoperative hospital stay, and lower total hospitalization expenses (P<0.05). Moreover, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale score was lower than that in the control group, the postoperative complications in the 2021 group were lower than those in the 2020 group, and the nursing satisfaction was also better than that of the 2020 group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nursing care using a fast-track surgery approach with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing first-line treatment with radiofrequency ablation is better than conventional nursing, and improves recovery of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxin, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yanting Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxin, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxin, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bijin Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxin, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyan Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxin, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Guangjian Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxin, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Kawashima S, Lou F, Kusumoto-Yoshida I, Hao L, Kuwaki T. Activation of the rostral nucleus accumbens shell by optogenetics induces cataplexy-like behavior in orexin neuron-ablated mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2546. [PMID: 36781929 PMCID: PMC9925750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataplexy is one of the symptoms of type 1 narcolepsy, characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone. It can be seen as a behavioral index of salience, predominantly positive emotion, since it is triggered by laughter in humans and palatable foods in mice. In our previous study using chemogenetic techniques in narcoleptic mice (orexin neuron-ablated mice), we found that the rostral nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is needed for chocolate-induced cataplexy. In this study, we investigated whether a short-lasting stimulation/inhibition of the NAc by optogenetics led to a similar result. Photo-illumination to the NAc in the channel rhodopsin-expressing mice showed a higher incidence (34.9 ± 5.1%) of cataplexy-like behavior than the control mice (17.8 ± 3.1%, P = 0.0056). Meanwhile, inactivation with archaerhodopsin did not affect incidence. The episode duration of cataplexy-like behavior was not affected by activation or inactivation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that photo-illumination activated channel rhodopsin-expressing NAc shell neurons. Thus, activation of the NAc, whether transient (light stimulation) or longer-lasting (chemical stimulation in our previous study), facilitates cataplexy-like behaviors and contributes to the induction but not maintenance in them. On the other hand, our study's result from optogenetic inhibition of the NAc (no effect) was different from chemogenetic inhibition (reduction of cataplexy-like behavior) in our previous study. We propose that the initiation of cataplexy-like behavior is facilitated by activation of the NAc, while NAc-independent mechanisms determine the termination of the behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetaka Kawashima
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fan Lou
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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5
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Yoshida M, Yamamoto K, Kuwaki T. Positive memory increases cataplexy-like behaviors in narcolepsy mice as revealed using conditioned place preference test. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:82. [PMID: 36577939 PMCID: PMC9798626 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataplexy is a loss of muscle tone that can lead to postural collapse, disturbing the daily life of narcolepsy patients; it is often triggered by positive emotions such as laughter in human patients. Narcolepsy model mice also show cataplexy, and its incidence increases in response to positive emotion-inducing stimuli such as chocolate and female courtship. Although such observation indicates a positive emotion-related nature of cataplexy in narcolepsy mice, they also show cataplexy without any apparent triggering stimulus ~ (spontaneous cataplexy). Therefore, we hypothesized that some spontaneous cataplexy in narcoleptic mice might indicate the remembering of happy moments. RESULTS To test our hypothesis, we did a conditioned place preference test on orexin/hypocretin neuron-ablated (ORX-AB) mice, one of the animal models of human narcolepsy, and counted the number of cataplexy-like behaviors. ORX-AB mice successfully remembered the chocolate-associated chamber, and the number of cataplexy-like behaviors significantly increased in the chocolate-associated chamber but not in the control chamber. In addition, ORX-AB mice remembered the aversive odor-associated chamber and avoided entering without affecting the number of cataplexy-like behaviors. Finally, similar activation of the nucleus accumbens, a positive emotion-related nucleus, was observed during both spontaneous and chocolate-induced cataplexy behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These results support our hypothesis and will promote the usefulness of a narcolepsy mice model in emotion research and serve as a basis for a better understanding of cataplexy in narcolepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Yoshida
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Koki Yamamoto
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- grid.258333.c0000 0001 1167 1801Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
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6
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López JM, Carballeira P, Pozo J, León-Espinosa G, Muñoz A. Hypothalamic orexinergic neuron changes during the hibernation of the Syrian hamster. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:993421. [PMID: 36157325 PMCID: PMC9501701 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.993421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation in small mammals is a highly regulated process with periods of torpor involving drops in body temperature and metabolic rate, as well as a general decrease in neural activity, all of which proceed alongside complex brain adaptive changes that appear to protect the brain from extreme hypoxia and low temperatures. All these changes are rapidly reversed, with no apparent brain damage occurring, during the short periods of arousal, interspersed during torpor—characterized by transitory and partial rewarming and activity, including sleep activation, and feeding in some species. The orexins are neuropeptides synthesized in hypothalamic neurons that project to multiple brain regions and are known to participate in the regulation of a variety of processes including feeding behavior, the sleep-wake cycle, and autonomic functions such as brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Using multiple immunohistochemical techniques and quantitative analysis, we have characterized the orexinergic system in the brain of the Syrian hamster—a facultative hibernator. Our results revealed that orexinergic neurons in this species consisted of a neuronal population restricted to the lateral hypothalamic area, whereas orexinergic fibers distribute throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the brain, particularly innervating catecholaminergic and serotonergic neuronal populations. We characterized the changes of orexinergic cells in the different phases of hibernation based on the intensity of immunostaining for the neuronal activity marker C-Fos and orexin A (OXA). During torpor, we found an increase in C-Fos immunostaining intensity in orexinergic neurons, accompanied by a decrease in OXA immunostaining. These changes were accompanied by a volume reduction and a fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus (GA) as well as a decrease in the colocalization of OXA and the GA marker GM-130. Importantly, during arousal, C-Fos and OXA expression in orexinergic neurons was highest and the structural appearance and the volume of the GA along with the colocalization of OXA/GM-130 reverted to euthermic levels. We discuss the involvement of orexinergic cells in the regulation of mammalian hibernation and, in particular, the possibility that the high activation of orexinergic cells during the arousal stage guides the rewarming as well as the feeding and sleep behaviors characteristic of this phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M. López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Carballeira
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pozo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo León-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Alberto Muñoz,
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Schubert C, Schulz K, Träger S, Plath AL, Omriouate A, Rosenkranz SC, Morellini F, Friese MA, Hirnet D. Neuronal Adenosine A1 Receptor is Critical for Olfactory Function but Unable to Attenuate Olfactory Dysfunction in Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:912030. [PMID: 35846561 PMCID: PMC9279574 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.912030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as the nucleoside adenosine are important modulators of neuronal function by engaging P1 and P2 purinergic receptors. In mitral cells, signaling of the G protein-coupled P1 receptor adenosine 1 receptor (A1R) affects the olfactory sensory pathway by regulating high voltage-activated calcium channels and two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels. The inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) impairs the olfactory function and gives rise to large amounts of extracellular ATP and adenosine, which act as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, respectively. However, it is unclear whether neuronal A1R in the olfactory bulb modulates the sensory function and how this is impacted by inflammation. Here, we show that signaling via neuronal A1R is important for the physiological olfactory function, while it cannot counteract inflammation-induced hyperexcitability and olfactory deficit. Using neuron-specific A1R-deficient mice in patch-clamp recordings, we found that adenosine modulates spontaneous dendro-dendritic signaling in mitral and granule cells via A1R. Furthermore, neuronal A1R deficiency resulted in olfactory dysfunction in two separate olfactory tests. In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we detected immune cell infiltration and microglia activation in the olfactory bulb as well as hyperexcitability of mitral cells and olfactory dysfunction. However, neuron-specific A1R activity was unable to attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity in the primary olfactory bulb neurons in vitro or EAE-induced olfactory dysfunction and disease severity in vivo. Together, we demonstrate that A1R modulates the dendro-dendritic inhibition (DDI) at the site of mitral and granule cells and impacts the processing of the olfactory sensory information, while A1R activity was unable to counteract inflammation-induced hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schubert
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schulz
- Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Träger
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Plath
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Asina Omriouate
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sina C. Rosenkranz
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Manuel A. Friese,
| | - Daniela Hirnet
- Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Daniela Hirnet,
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Ambler M, Hitrec T, Pickering A. Turn it off and on again: characteristics and control of torpor. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:313. [PMID: 35087956 PMCID: PMC8764563 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17379.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Torpor is a hypothermic, hypoactive, hypometabolic state entered into by a wide range of animals in response to environmental challenge. This review summarises the current understanding of torpor. We start by describing the characteristics of the wide-ranging physiological adaptations associated with torpor. Next follows a discussion of thermoregulation, control of food intake and energy expenditure, and the interactions of sleep and thermoregulation, with particular emphasis on how those processes pertain to torpor. We move on to review the evidence for the systems that control torpor entry, including both the efferent circulating factors that signal the need for torpor, and the central processes that orchestrate it. Finally, we consider how the putative circuits responsible for torpor induction integrate with the established understanding of thermoregulation under non-torpid conditions and highlight important areas of uncertainty for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ambler
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Timna Hitrec
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Anthony Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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9
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Linehan V, Hirasawa M. Short-term fasting induces alternate activation of orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons in rats. Neuroscience 2022; 491:156-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Yu X, Yan H, Li W. Recent advances in neuropeptide-related omics and gene editing: Spotlight on NPY and somatostatin and their roles in growth and food intake of fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1023842. [PMID: 36267563 PMCID: PMC9576932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1023842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding and growth are two closely related and important physiological processes in living organisms. Studies in mammals have provided us with a series of characterizations of neuropeptides and their receptors as well as their roles in appetite control and growth. The central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the regulation of appetite. Based on their role in the regulation of feeding, neuropeptides can be classified as orexigenic peptide and anorexigenic peptide. To date, the regulation mechanism of neuropeptide on feeding and growth has been explored mainly from mammalian models, however, as a lower and diverse vertebrate, little is known in fish regarding the knowledge of regulatory roles of neuropeptides and their receptors. In recent years, the development of omics and gene editing technology has accelerated the speed and depth of research on neuropeptides and their receptors. These powerful techniques and tools allow a more precise and comprehensive perspective to explore the functional mechanisms of neuropeptides. This paper reviews the recent advance of omics and gene editing technologies in neuropeptides and receptors and their progresses in the regulation of feeding and growth of fish. The purpose of this review is to contribute to a comparative understanding of the functional mechanisms of neuropeptides in non-mammalians, especially fish.
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11
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Ambler M, Hitrec T, Pickering A. Turn it off and on again: characteristics and control of torpor. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:313. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17379.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Torpor is a hypothermic, hypoactive, hypometabolic state entered into by a wide range of animals in response to environmental challenge. This review summarises the current understanding of torpor. We start by describing the characteristics of the wide-ranging physiological adaptations associated with torpor. Next follows a discussion of thermoregulation, control of food intake and energy expenditure, and the interactions of sleep and thermoregulation, with particular emphasis on how those processes pertain to torpor. We move on to take a critical view of the evidence for the systems that control torpor entry, including both the efferent circulating factors that signal the need for torpor, and the central processes that orchestrate it. Finally, we consider how the putative circuits responsible for torpor induction integrate with the established understanding of thermoregulation under non-torpid conditions and highlight important areas of uncertainty for future studies.
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12
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Piñol RA, Mogul AS, Hadley CK, Saha A, Li C, Škop V, Province HS, Xiao C, Gavrilova O, Krashes MJ, Reitman ML. Preoptic BRS3 neurons increase body temperature and heart rate via multiple pathways. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1389-1403.e6. [PMID: 34038711 PMCID: PMC8266747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The preoptic area (POA) is a key brain region for regulation of body temperature (Tb), dictating thermogenic, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses that control Tb. Previously characterized POA neuronal populations all reduced Tb when activated. Using mice, we now identify POA neurons expressing bombesin-like receptor 3 (POABRS3) as a population whose activation increased Tb; inversely, acute inhibition of these neurons reduced Tb. POABRS3 neurons that project to either the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus or the dorsomedial hypothalamus increased Tb, heart rate, and blood pressure via the sympathetic nervous system. Long-term inactivation of POABRS3 neurons caused increased Tb variability, overshooting both increases and decreases in Tb set point, with RNA expression profiles suggesting multiple types of POABRS3 neurons. Thus, POABRS3 neuronal populations regulate Tb and heart rate, contribute to cold defense, and fine-tune feedback control of Tb. These findings advance understanding of homeothermy, a defining feature of mammalian biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Piñol
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Allison S Mogul
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colleen K Hadley
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Atreyi Saha
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haley S Province
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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13
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Yamashita A, Moriya S, Nishi R, Kaminosono J, Yamanaka A, Kuwaki T. Aversive emotion rapidly activates orexin neurons and increases heart rate in freely moving mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:104. [PMID: 34193206 PMCID: PMC8247171 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The perifornical area of the hypothalamus has been known as the center for the defense response, or fight-or-flight response, which is characterized by a concomitant rise in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory frequency. It is well established that orexin neurons, which are located in this region, play a critical role in this response. In this study, we further examined this role by recording orexin neuronal activity and heart rate in freely moving mice using an original dual-channel fiber photometry system in vivo. Analysis of orexin neuron activity in relation to autonomic responses to aversive stimuli revealed a rapid increase in neuronal activity just prior to changes in heart rate. In addition, we examined whether orexin neurons would be activated by a conditioned neutral sound that was previously associated with aversive stimulus. We show that the memory of the aversive stimulus activated orexin neurons and increased heart rate. Our data suggest that orexin neurons are a key component linking aversive emotions to autonomic defense response. Our data also suggest that targeting orexin neurons may enable treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with chronic stress and traumatic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shunpei Moriya
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ryusei Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Jun Kaminosono
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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14
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Kuwaki T. Orexin (hypocretin) participates in central autonomic regulation during fight-or-flight response. Peptides 2021; 139:170530. [PMID: 33741478 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our daily life does not only involve a calm resting state but is rather full of perturbations that induce active states such as moving, eating, and communicating. During such active conditions, cardiorespiratory regulation should be adjusted according to bodily demand, which differs from that during the resting state, by modulating or resetting the operating point. To explore neural mechanisms in the state-dependent adjustment of central autonomic regulation, my research group has recently focused on the fight-or-flight response because the stressor induces not only cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes but also autonomic changes. In this brief review, I will summarize our discovery using orexin knockout mice and orexin neuron-ablated mice for the possible contribution of orexin, a hypothalamic neuropeptide, to the state-dependent adjustment of the central autonomic regulation. In addition, I will introduce some recent discovery using optogenetic manipulation of the orexin and related systems. The diversity of synaptic control of the cardiovascular and respiratory neurons appears necessary for animals to adapt themselves to ever-changing life circumstances and behavioral states. The orexin system is likely to function as one of the essential modulators for coordinating the circuits controlling autonomic functions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
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15
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Lu J, Chen L, Song Z, Das M, Chen J. Hypothermia Effectively Treats Tumors with Temperature-Sensitive p53 Mutations. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3905-3915. [PMID: 33687951 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is frequently inactivated by mutations in cancer. Most p53 mutations are located in the DNA-binding domain, causing local disruption of DNA-binding surface or global misfolding. Rescuing the structural defect of mutant p53 is an attractive therapeutic strategy, but its potential remains unproven due to a lack of drugs capable of efficiently rescuing misfolded p53. Although mutant p53 in tumors is inactive at 37°C, approximately 15% are temperature sensitive (ts) and regain DNA-binding activity at 32°C to 34°C (ts mutants). This temperature is achievable using a therapeutic hypothermia procedure established for resuscitated cardiac arrest patients. To test whether hypothermia can be used to target tumors with ts p53 mutations, the core temperature of tumor-bearing mice was lowered to 32°C using the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclohexyladenoxine that suppresses brain-regulated thermogenesis. Hypothermia treatment (32 hours at 32°C × 5 cycles) activated endogenous ts mutant p53 in xenograft tumors and inhibited tumor growth in a p53-dependent fashion. Tumor regression and durable remission in a ts p53 lymphoma model was achieved by combining hypothermia with chemotherapy. The results raise the possibility of treating tumors expressing ts p53 mutations with hypothermia. SIGNIFICANCE: Pharmacologic inhibition of brain-regulated thermogenesis and induction of 32°C whole-body hypothermia specifically targets tumors with temperature-sensitive p53 mutations, rescuing p53 transcriptional activity and inducing tumor regression.See related commentary by Hu and Feng, p. 3762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Lu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zheng Song
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mousumi Das
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.
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16
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Sexual excitation induces courtship ultrasonic vocalizations and cataplexy-like behavior in orexin neuron-ablated male mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:165. [PMID: 33547399 PMCID: PMC7864915 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataplexy is triggered by laughter in humans and palatable food in mice. To further evaluate mice’s cataplexy, we examined courtship behavior in orexin neuron-ablated mice (ORX-AB), one of the animal models of narcolepsy/cataplexy. Wild-type female mice were placed into the home cage of male ORX-AB and cataplexy-like behavior was observed along with ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), also known as the “love song”. ORX-AB with a female encounter showed cataplexy-like behavior both during the dark and light periods, whereas ORX-AB with chocolate predominantly showed it during the dark period. During the light period observation, more than 85% of cataplexy-like bouts were preceded by USVs. A strong positive correlation was observed between the number of USVs and cataplexy-like bouts. Cataplexy-like behavior in narcoleptic mice is a good behavioral measure to study the brain mechanisms behind positive emotion because they can be induced by different kinds of positive stimuli, including chocolate and female courtship. Kuwaki and Kanno examine courtship behavior in orexin neuron-ablated mice (ORX-AB), which are a model of narcolepsy/cataplexy. They find that ORX-AB mice showed cataplexy-like behavior during both dark and light periods in response to a female encounter, however this behavior was predominantly present during dark periods when exposed to chocolate. Studying cataplexy-like behavior in narcoleptic mice is useful for understanding mechanisms behind positive emotions, such as those associated with chocolate and courtship.
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17
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Lo Martire V, Berteotti C, Bastianini S, Alvente S, Valli A, Cerri M, Amici R, Silvani A, Swoap SJ, Zoccoli G. The physiological signature of daily torpor is not orexin dependent. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:493-507. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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18
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Adenosine-Related Mechanisms in Non-Adenosine Receptor Drugs. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040956. [PMID: 32295065 PMCID: PMC7226956 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ligands directly target adenosine receptors (ARs). Here we review the effects of noncanonical AR drugs on adenosinergic signaling. Non-AR mechanisms include raising adenosine levels by inhibiting adenosine transport (e.g., ticagrelor, ethanol, and cannabidiol), affecting intracellular metabolic pathways (e.g., methotrexate, nicotinamide riboside, salicylate, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside), or undetermined means (e.g., acupuncture). However, other compounds bind ARs in addition to their canonical ‘on-target’ activity (e.g., mefloquine). The strength of experimental support for an adenosine-related role in a drug’s effects varies widely. AR knockout mice are the ‘gold standard’ method for investigating an AR role, but few drugs have been tested on these mice. Given the interest in AR modulation for treatment of cancer, CNS, immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal conditions, it is informative to consider AR and non-AR adenosinergic effects of approved drugs and conventional treatments.
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19
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Su J, Li Z, Yamashita A, Kusumoto-Yoshida I, Isomichi T, Hao L, Kuwaki T. Involvement of the Nucleus Accumbens in Chocolate-induced Cataplexy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4958. [PMID: 32188934 PMCID: PMC7080740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Happiness is key for both mental and physical well-being. To further understand the brain mechanisms involved, we utilized the cataplexy that occurs in narcoleptic animal models as a quantitative behavioral measure because it is triggered by actions associated with happiness, such as laughter in humans and palatable foods in mice. Here we report that the rostral part of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell is strongly activated during the beginning of chocolate-induced cataplexy in orexin neuron-ablated mice. We made a local lesion in the NAc using ibotenic acid and observed the animals' behavior. The number of cataplexy bouts was negatively correlated to the lesion size. We also examined the hedonic response to palatable food by measuring the number of tongue protrusions in response to presentation of honey, which was also found to be negatively correlated to the lesion size. Next, we used clozapine N-oxide to either activate or inactivate the NAc through viral DREADD expression. As expected, the number of cataplexy bouts increased with activation and decreased with inactivation, and saline control injections showed no changes. Hedonic response in the DREADD experiment varied and showed both increases and decreases across mice. These results demonstrated that the rostral part of the NAc plays a crucial role in triggering cataplexy and hedonic orofacial movements. Since the NAc is also implicated in motivated behavior, we propose that the NAc is one of the key brain structures involved in happiness and is a driving force for positive emotion-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Su
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ikue Kusumoto-Yoshida
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuto Isomichi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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20
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Moriya S, Yamashita A, Masukawa D, Kambe Y, Sakaguchi J, Setoyama H, Yamanaka A, Kuwaki T. Involvement of supralemniscal nucleus (B9) 5-HT neuronal system in nociceptive processing: a fiber photometry study. Mol Brain 2020; 13:14. [PMID: 32005128 PMCID: PMC6993514 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-0553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociception is important perception that has harmful influence on daily life of humans. As to main pain management system, some descending pathways are called descending antinociceptive systems (DAS). As main pathways of DAS, it is well known that dorsal raphe (B6/B7) - rostral ventromedial medulla (B3) - spinal dorsal horn includes serotonergic system. However, possible role of supralemniscal (B9) serotonin (5-HT) cell group in pain management is still open question. In this study, we measured activities of B9 5-HT neuronal cell bodies and B9 5-HT neuron-derived axons located in the locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), which are also main players of pain management, using fiber photometry system. We introduced the G-CaMP6 in B9 5-HT neurons using transgenic mice carrying a tetracycline-controlled transactivator transgene (tTA) under the control of a tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) promoter and site-specific injection of adeno associated virus (AAV-TetO(3G)-G-CaMP6). After confirmation of specific expression of G-CaMP6 in the target population, G-CaMP6 fluorescence intensity in B9 group and LC/VTA groups was measured in awake mice exposed to acute tail pinch and heat stimuli. G-CaMP6 fluorescence intensity rapidly increased by both stimuli in all groups, but not significantly reacted by nonnociceptive control stimuli. The present results clearly indicate that acute nociceptive stimuli cause a rapid increase in the activities of B9-LC/B9-VTA 5-HTergic pathways, suggesting that B9 5-HT neurons play important roles in nociceptive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Moriya
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Daiki Masukawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yuki Kambe
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Junichi Sakaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Honami Setoyama
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544 Japan
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21
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Moriya S, Yamashita A, Nishi R, Ikoma Y, Yamanaka A, Kuwaki T. Acute nociceptive stimuli rapidly induce the activity of serotonin and noradrenalin neurons in the brain stem of awake mice. IBRO Rep 2019; 7:1-9. [PMID: 31194165 PMCID: PMC6554543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociception is an important type of perception that has major influence on daily human life. There are some descending pathways related to pain management and modulation, which are collectively known as the descending antinociceptive system (DAS). Noradrenalin (NA) in the locus coeruleus (LC) and serotonin (5-HT) in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are components of the DAS. Most 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) have ascending projections rather than descending projections, and they project to the thalamus that modulates nociception. Both the DAS and the DR are believed to be involved in pain-emotion symptoms. In this study, we utilized a fiber photometry system to specifically examine the activity of LC NA neurons and RVM/DR 5-HT neurons using mice carrying tetracycline-controlled transactivator transgene (tTA) under the control of either a dopamine β-hydroxylase promoter or a tryptophan hydroxylase-2 promoter and site-specific infection of an adeno-associated virus carrying a TetO G-CaMP6 gene. After confirmation of specific expression of G-CaMP6 in the target populations, changes in green fluorescent signal intensity were recorded in awake mice upon exposure to acute nociceptive stimulation consisting of a pinch and application of heat (55 °C) to the tail. Both stimuli resulted in rapid and transient (<15 s) increases in the activity of LC NA neurons and RVM/DR 5-HT neurons while the control stimuli did not induce any changes. The present results clearly indicate that acute nociceptive stimuli increase the activity of LC NA neurons and RVM/DR 5 H T neurons and suggest a possible therapeutic target for pain treatment.
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Key Words
- 5-HT, serotonin
- AAV, adeno associated virus
- CaM, calmodulin
- DAS, descending antinociceptive system
- DBH, Dopamine beta hydroxylase
- DR, dorsal raphe
- Dorsal raphe (DR)
- Fiber photometry
- G-CaMP6
- LC, locus coeruleus
- Locus coeruleus (LC)
- NA, noradrenalin
- PAG, periaqueductal gray
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PFA, paraformaldehyde
- PMT, photomultiplier tube
- RVM, rostral ventromedial medulla
- Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- SNRI, serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor
- TPH, tryptophan hydroxylase
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Moriya
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ryusei Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikoma
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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22
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Silvani A, Cerri M, Zoccoli G, Swoap SJ. Is Adenosine Action Common Ground for NREM Sleep, Torpor, and Other Hypometabolic States? Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:182-196. [PMID: 29616880 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review compares two states that lower energy expenditure: non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and torpor. Knowledge on mechanisms common to these states, and particularly on the role of adenosine in NREM sleep, may ultimately open the possibility of inducing a synthetic torpor-like state in humans for medical applications and long-term space travel. To achieve this goal, it will be important, in perspective, to extend the study to other hypometabolic states, which, unlike torpor, can also be experienced by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Silvani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Bologna , Italy
| | - Giovanna Zoccoli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Steven J Swoap
- Department of Biology, Williams College , Williamstown, Massachusetts
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23
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Moriya S, Yamashita A, Kawashima S, Nishi R, Yamanaka A, Kuwaki T. Acute Aversive Stimuli Rapidly Increase the Activity of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons in Awake Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 386:16-23. [PMID: 29958943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is one of the origins of the brain dopaminergic system and is involved in regulating various physiological functions such as pain processing and motivation. In this study, we utilized a fiber photometry system to specifically investigate the activity of dopamine neurons in the VTA using dopamine transporter promoter-driven Cre recombinase-expressing mice and site-specific infection of adeno-associated virus carrying the FLEX G-CaMP6 gene. As expected, expression of G-CaMP6 was restricted to VTA dopamine neurons. We recorded G-CaMP6 green fluorescent signal, which reflected dopaminergic neuronal activity, in awake mice exposed to tail pinch, ultrasonic sound, predator odor, and a male intruder mouse. These stimuli resulted in a rapid and short-lasting increase in the activity of VTA dopamine neurons while the control stimuli of a gentle tail touch and appearance of empty box did not induce any changes. In addition, fluorescence intensity was not changed by any of these stimuli in the control animals expressing hrGFP instead of G-CaMP6 in VTA dopamine neurons. Our data clearly show that acute aversive stimuli rapidly increase the activity of VTA dopamine neurons and thus suggest a salience-processing role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Moriya
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Kawashima
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ryusei Nishi
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuwaki
- Department of Physiology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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