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Amato KR, Pradhan P, Mallott EK, Shirola W, Lu A. Host-gut microbiota interactions during pregnancy. Evol Med Public Health 2024; 12:7-23. [PMID: 38288320 PMCID: PMC10824165 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian pregnancy is characterized by a well-known suite of physiological changes that support fetal growth and development, thereby positively affecting both maternal and offspring fitness. However, mothers also experience trade-offs between current and future maternal reproductive success, and maternal responses to these trade-offs can result in mother-offspring fitness conflicts. Knowledge of the mechanisms through which these trade-offs operate, as well as the contexts in which they operate, is critical for understanding the evolution of reproduction. Historically, hormonal changes during pregnancy have been thought to play a pivotal role in these conflicts since they directly and indirectly influence maternal metabolism, immunity, fetal growth and other aspects of offspring development. However, recent research suggests that gut microbiota may also play an important role. Here, we create a foundation for exploring this role by constructing a mechanistic model linking changes in maternal hormones, immunity and metabolism during pregnancy to changes in the gut microbiota. We posit that marked changes in hormones alter maternal gut microbiome composition and function both directly and indirectly via impacts on the immune system. The gut microbiota then feeds back to influence maternal immunity and metabolism. We posit that these dynamics are likely to be involved in mediating maternal and offspring fitness as well as trade-offs in different aspects of maternal and offspring health and fitness during pregnancy. We also predict that the interactions we describe are likely to vary across populations in response to maternal environments. Moving forward, empirical studies that combine microbial functional data and maternal physiological data with health and fitness outcomes for both mothers and infants will allow us to test the evolutionary and fitness implications of the gestational microbiota, enriching our understanding of the ecology and evolution of reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Priyanka Pradhan
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Mallott
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Wesley Shirola
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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2
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Faas MM, Liu Y, Wekema L, Weis GA, van Loo-Bouwman CA, Silva Lagos L. The Effect of Antibiotics Treatment on the Maternal Immune Response and Gut Microbiome in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:2723. [PMID: 37375627 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota are involved in adaptations of the maternal immune response to pregnancy. We therefore hypothesized that inducing gut dysbiosis during pregnancy alters the maternal immune response. Thus, pregnant mice received antibiotics from day 9 to day 16 to disturb the maternal gut microbiome. Feces were collected before, during and after antibiotic treatment, and microbiota were measured using 16S RNA sequencing. Mice were sacrificed at day 18 of pregnancy and intestinal (Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)) and peripheral immune responses (blood and spleen) were measured using flow cytometry. Antibiotic treatment decreased fetal and placental weight. The bacterial count and the Shannon index were significantly decreased (Friedman, followed by Dunn's test, p < 0.05) and the bacterial genera abundance was significantly changed (Permanova, p < 0.05) following antibiotics treatment as compared with before treatment. Splenic Th1 cells and activated blood monocytes were increased, while Th2, Th17 and FoxP3/RoRgT double-positive cells in the PP and MLNs were decreased in pregnant antibiotics-treated mice as compared with untreated pregnant mice. In addition, intestinal dendritic cell subsets were affected by antibiotics. Correlation of immune cells with bacterial genera showed various correlations between immune cells in the PP, MLN and peripheral circulation (blood and spleen). We conclude the disturbed gut microbiota after antibiotics treatment disturbed the maternal immune response. This disturbed maternal immune response may affect fetal and placental weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanrui Liu
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieske Wekema
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela A Weis
- Yili Innovation Center Europe, Bronland 12 E-1, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Luis Silva Lagos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Gao LM, Liu GY, Wang HL, Wassie T, Wu X, Yin YL. Impact of dietary supplementation with N-carbamoyl-aspartic acid on serum metabolites and intestinal microflora of sows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:750-763. [PMID: 36054758 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-Carbamoyl-aspartic acid (NCA) is a critical precursor for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. To investigate the cumulative effects of maternal supplementation with NCA on the productive performance, serum metabolites and intestinal microbiota of sows, 40 pregnant sows (∼day 80) were assigned into two groups: (1) the control (CON) and (2) treatment (NCA, 50 g t-1 NCA). RESULTS Results showed that piglets from the NCA group had heavier birth weight than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). In addition, maternal supplementation with NCA decreased the backfat loss of sows during lactation (P < 0.05). Furthermore,16S-rRNA sequencing results revealed that maternal NCA supplementation decreased the abundance of Cellulosilyticum, Fournierella, Anaerovibrio, and Oribacterium genera of sows during late pregnancy (P < 0.05). Similarly, on the 14th day of lactation, maternal supplementation with NCA reduced the diversity of fecal microbes of sows as evidenced by significantly lower observed species, Chao1, and Ace indexes, and decreased the abundance of Lachnospire, Faecalibacterium, and Anaerovorax genera, while enriched the abundance of Catenisphaera (P < 0.05). Untargeted metabolomics showed that a total of 48 differentially abundant biomarkers were identified, which were mainly involved in metabolic pathways of arginine/proline metabolism, phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results indicated that NCA supplementation regulated intestinal microbial composition of sows and serum differential metabolites related to arginine, proline, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and fatty acids metabolism that may contribute to regulating the backfat loss of sows, and the birth weight and diarrhea rate of piglets. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Min Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gang-Yi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Teketay Wassie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Wiscovitch-Russo R, Taal AM, Kuelbs C, Oldfield LM, Ramar M, Singh H, Fedulov AV, Gonzalez-Juarbe N. Gut and lung microbiome profiles in pregnant mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:946779. [PMID: 36578567 PMCID: PMC9791091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.946779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, microbiome research has expanded from the gastrointestinal tract to other host sites previously thought to be abacterial such as the lungs. Yet, the effects of pregnancy in the lung and gut microbiome remains unclear. Here we examined the changes in the gut and lung microbiome in mice at 14 days of gestation. Lung tissue and stool samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant female BALB/c mice, DNA was isolated, amplified, and bacterial specific V4 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Using an in-house bioinformatic pipeline we assessed the microbial composition of each organ using stool and lung tissue samples. The stool data showed that Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae were more abundant in the pregnant mice. Likewise, Lactobacillaceae were dominant in the lungs of pregnant mice. However, Streptococcaceae were dominant in the lungs of non-pregnant mice with a low microbial abundance in the pregnant mice. A permutation test showed that pregnancy significantly contributes to the variance in both the lung and stool microbiome. At the same time, we estimate that 49% of the total detected operational taxonomic units were shared between the stool and lung data. After removing common stool-associated bacteria from the lung dataset, no microbial differential abundance was detected between the pregnant and non-pregnant lung microbial community. Thus, pregnancy contributes to variance to the lung and stool microbiome but not in the unique lung microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aji Mary Taal
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Claire Kuelbs
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - MohanKumar Ramar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Alexey V. Fedulov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Demery-Poulos C, Romero R, Xu Y, Arenas-Hernandez M, Miller D, Tao L, Galaz J, Farias-Jofre M, Bhatti G, Garcia-Flores V, Seyerle M, Tarca AL, Gomez-Lopez N. Pregnancy imparts distinct systemic adaptive immune function. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13606. [PMID: 35989229 PMCID: PMC9648024 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Pregnancy represents a state of systemic immune activation that is primarily driven by alterations in circulating innate immune cells. Recent studies have suggested that cellular adaptive immune components, T cells and B cells, also undergo changes throughout gestation. However, the phenotypes and functions of such adaptive immune cells are poorly understood. Herein, we utilized high-dimensional flow cytometry and functional assays to characterize T-cell and B-cell responses in pregnant and non-pregnant women. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant (n = 20) and non-pregnant (n = 25) women were used for phenotyping of T-cell and B-cell subsets. T-cell proliferation and B-cell activation were assessed by flow cytometry after in vitro stimulation, and lymphocyte cytotoxicity was evaluated by using a cell-based assay. Statistical comparisons were performed with linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Pregnancy was associated with modestly enhanced basal activation of peripheral CD4+ T cells. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from pregnant women showed increased activation-induced proliferation; yet, a reduced proportion of these cells expressed activation markers compared to non-pregnant women. There were no differences in peripheral lymphocyte cytotoxicity between study groups. A greater proportion of B cells from pregnant women displayed memory-like and activated phenotypes, and such cells exhibited higher activation following stimulation. CONCLUSION Maternal circulating T cells and B cells display distinct responses during pregnancy. The former may reflect the unique capacity of T cells to respond to potential threats without undergoing aberrant activation, thereby preventing systemic inflammatory responses that can lead to adverse perinatal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Demery-Poulos
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Centerfor Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Tao
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farias-Jofre
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Megan Seyerle
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Microbiota of the Pregnant Mouse: Characterization of the Bacterial Communities in the Oral Cavity, Lung, Intestine, and Vagina through Culture and DNA Sequencing. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0128622. [PMID: 35916526 PMCID: PMC9430855 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01286-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice are frequently used as animal models for mechanistic studies of infection and obstetrical disease, yet characterization of the murine microbiota during pregnancy is lacking. The objective of this study was to characterize the microbiotas of distinct body sites of the pregnant mouse—vagina, oral cavity, intestine, and lung—that harbor microorganisms that could potentially invade the murine amniotic cavity, thus leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The microbiotas of these body sites were characterized through anoxic, hypoxic, and oxic culture as well as through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. With the exception of the vagina, the cultured microbiotas of each body site varied by atmosphere, with the greatest diversity in the cultured microbiota appearing under anoxic conditions. Only cultures of the vagina were comprehensively representative of the microbiota observed through direct DNA sequencing of body site samples, primarily due to the predominance of two Rodentibacter strains. Identified as Rodentibacter pneumotropicus and Rodentibacter heylii, these isolates exhibited predominance patterns similar to those of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners in the human vagina. Whole-genome sequencing of these Rodentibacter strains revealed shared genomic features, including the ability to degrade glycogen, an abundant polysaccharide in the vagina. In summary, we report body site-specific microbiotas in the pregnant mouse with potential ecological parallels to those of humans. Importantly, our findings indicate that the vaginal microbiotas of pregnant mice can be readily cultured, suggesting that mock vaginal microbiotas can be tractably generated and maintained for experimental manipulation in future mechanistic studies of host vaginal-microbiome interactions. IMPORTANCE Mice are widely utilized as animal models of obstetrical complications; however, the characterization of the murine microbiota during pregnancy has been neglected. Microorganisms from the vagina, oral cavity, intestine, and lung have been found in the intra-amniotic space, where their presence threatens the progression of gestation. Here, we characterized the microbiotas of pregnant mice and established the appropriateness of culture in capturing the microbiota at each site. The high relative abundance of Rodentibacter observed in the vagina is similar to that of Lactobacillus in humans, suggesting potential ecological parallels. Importantly, we report that the vaginal microbiota of the pregnant mouse can be readily cultured under hypoxic conditions, demonstrating that mock microbial communities can be utilized to test the potential ecological parallels between microbiotas in human and murine pregnancy and to evaluate the relevance of the structure of these microbiotas for adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially intra-amniotic infection and preterm birth.
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7
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Priyadarshini M, Navarro G, Reiman DJ, Sharma A, Xu K, Lednovich K, Manzella CR, Khan MW, Garcia MS, Allard S, Wicksteed B, Chlipala GE, Szynal B, Bernabe BP, Maki PM, Gill RK, Perdew GH, Gilbert J, Dai Y, Layden BT. Gestational Insulin Resistance Is Mediated by the Gut Microbiome-Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Axis. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1675-1689.e11. [PMID: 35032499 PMCID: PMC9040389 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Normal gestation involves a reprogramming of the maternal gut microbiome (GM) that contributes to maternal metabolic changes by unclear mechanisms. This study aimed to understand the mechanistic underpinnings of the GM-maternal metabolism interaction. METHODS The GM and plasma metabolome of CD1, NIH-Swiss, and C57 mice were analyzed with the use of 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry throughout gestation. Pharmacologic and genetic knockout mouse models were used to identify the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) in pregnancy-associated insulin resistance (IR). Involvement of gestational GM was studied with the use of fecal microbial transplants (FMTs). RESULTS Significant variation in GM alpha diversity occurred throughout pregnancy. Enrichment in gut bacterial taxa was mouse strain and pregnancy time point specific, with the species enriched at gestation day 15/19 (G15/19), a point of heightened IR, being distinct from those enriched before or after pregnancy. Metabolomics revealed elevated plasma kynurenine at G15/19 in all 3 mouse strains. IDO1, the rate-limiting enzyme for kynurenine production, had increased intestinal expression at G15, which was associated with mild systemic and gut inflammation. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of IDO1 inhibited kynurenine levels and reversed pregnancy-associated IR. FMT revealed that IDO1 induction and local kynurenine level effects on IR derive from the GM in both mouse and human pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS GM changes accompanying pregnancy shift IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism toward kynurenine production, intestinal inflammation, and gestational IR, a phenotype reversed by genetic deletion or inhibition of IDO1. (Gestational Gut Microbiome-IDO1 Axis Mediates Pregnancy Insulin Resistance; EMBL-ENA ID: PRJEB45047. MetaboLights ID: MTBLS3598).
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Guadalupe Navarro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Derek J Reiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Anukriti Sharma
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland-OH, U.S.A
| | - Kai Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Kristen Lednovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Mariana Salas Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A
| | - Sarah Allard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A
| | - Barton Wicksteed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - George E Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Szynal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A.; Department of Psychology, and UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Ravinder K Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A.; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla-CA, U.S.A
| | - Yang Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UIC, Chicago-IL, U.S.A
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affair Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Yeo E, Brubaker PL, Sloboda DM. The intestine and the microbiota in maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. J Endocrinol 2022; 253:R1-R19. [PMID: 35099411 PMCID: PMC8942339 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that, beyond its role in nutrient processing and absorption, the intestine and its accompanying gut microbiome constitute a major site of immunological and endocrine regulation that mediates whole-body metabolism. Despite the growing field of host-microbe research, few studies explore what mechanisms govern this relationship in the context of pregnancy. During pregnancy, significant maternal metabolic adaptations are made to accommodate the additional energy demands of the developing fetus and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recent data suggest that the maternal gut microbiota may play a role in these adaptations, but changes to maternal gut physiology and the underlying intestinal mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we discuss selective aspects of intestinal physiology including the role of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and the role of the maternal gut microbiome in the maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy. Specifically, we discuss how bacterial components and metabolites could mediate the effects of the microbiota on host physiology, including nutrient absorption and GLP-1 secretion and action, and whether these mechanisms may change maternal insulin sensitivity and secretion during pregnancy. Finally, we discuss how these pathways could be altered in disease states during pregnancy including maternal obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Correspondence should be addressed to D M Sloboda:
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9
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Thurman CE, Klores MM, Wolfe AE, Poueymirou WT, Levee EM, Ericsson AC, Franklin CL, Reddyjarugu B. Effect of Housing Condition and Diet on the Gut Microbiota of Weanling Immunocompromised Mice. Comp Med 2021; 71:485-491. [PMID: 34782034 PMCID: PMC8718622 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota are affected by a wide variety of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In the husbandry of laboratory mice and design of experiments, controlling these factors where possible provides more reproducible results. However, the microbiome is dynamic, particularly in the weeks immediately after weaning. In this study, we characterized the baseline gastrointestinal microbiota of immunocompromised mice housed under standard conditions for our facility for 6 weeks after weaning, with housing either in an isolator or in individually ventilated cages and a common antibiotic diet (trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole). We compared these conditions to a group fed a standard diet and a group that was weaned to a standard diet then switched to antibiotic diet after 2 weeks. We found no clear effect of diet on richness and α diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, diet did affect which taxa were enriched at the end of the experiment. The change to antibiotic diet during the experiment did not convert the gastrointestinal microbiome to a state similar to mice consistently fed antibiotic diet, which may highlight the importance of the initial post-weaning period in the establishment of the gastrointestinal microbiome. We also observed a strong effect of housing type (isolator compared with individually ventilated cage) on the richness, α diversity, β diversity, and taxa enriched over the course of the experiment. Investigating whether the diet or microbiome affects a certain strain's phenotype is warranted in some cases. However, our findings do not suggest that maintaining immunocompromised mice on antibiotic feed has a clinical benefit when potential pathogens are operationally excluded, nor does it result in a more consistent or controlled microbiome in the post-weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Thurman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York; NYU-Regeneron Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine, New York, New York; Animal Science Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts;,
| | - Molly M Klores
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York;,NYU-Regeneron Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Annie E Wolfe
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Ellen M Levee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York;,NYU-Regeneron Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine,,University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, and,MU Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Craig L Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine,,University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, and,MU Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Balu Reddyjarugu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York;,NYU-Regeneron Training Program in Laboratory Animal Medicine, New York, New York
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10
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Kalhoro DH, Kalhoro MS, Metwally E, Chughtai MI, Mazhar MU, Khan SA. Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1-10. [PMID: 33997325 PMCID: PMC8110851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been well recognized that interactions between the gut microbiota and host-metabolism have a proven effect on health. The gut lumen is known for harboring different bacterial communities. Microbial by-products and structural components, which are derived through the gut microbiota, generate a signaling response to maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota is not only involved in metabolic disorders, but also participates in the regulation of reproductive hormonal function. Bacterial phyla, which are localized in the gut, allow for the metabolization of steroid hormones through the stimulation of different enzymes. Reproductive hormones such as progesterone, estrogen and testosterone play a pivotal role in the successful completion of reproductive events. Disruption in this mechanism may lead to reproductive disorders. Environmental bacteria can affect the metabolism, and degrade steroid hormones and their relevant compounds. This behavior of the bacteria can safely be implemented to eliminate steroidal compounds from a polluted environment. In this review, we summarize the metabolism of steroid hormones on the regulation of gut microbiota and vice-versa, and also examined the significant influence this process has on various events of reproductive function. Altogether, the evidence suggests that steroid hormones and gut microbiota exert a central role in the modification of host bacterial action and impact the reproductive efficiency of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Dildar H Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Kalhoro
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Muhammad I Chughtai
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Mazhar
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad A Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan
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11
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Variation of Gut Microbiome in Free-Ranging Female Tibetan Macaques ( Macaca thibetana) across Different Reproductive States. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010039. [PMID: 33375491 PMCID: PMC7823274 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is expected to adapt to the varying energetic and nutritional pressures in females of different reproductive states. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to varying nutrient utilizing efficiency in pregnant and lactating female primates. In this study, we examined variation in the gut bacterial community composition of wild female Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) across different reproductive states (cycling, pregnancy and lactation). Fecal samples (n = 25) were collected from ten adult females harvested across different reproductive states. Gut microbial community composition and potential functions were assessed using 16 S rRNA gene sequences. We found significant changes in gut bacterial taxonomic composition, structure and their potential functions in different reproductive states of our study species. In particular, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae and Succinivibrio (Succinivibrionaceae) were overrepresented in pregnant females, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium (Bifidobacteriaceae) were overrepresented in lactating females. Furthermore, the relative abundance of predicted functional genes of several metabolic pathways related to host's energy and nutrition, such as metabolism of carbohydrates, cofactors and vitamins, glycans and other amino acids, were enriched in pregnancy and lactation. Our findings suggest that changes in the gut microbiome may play an important role in meeting the energetic needs of pregnant and lactating Tibetan macaques. Future studies of the "microbial reproductive ecology" of primates that incorporate food availability, reproductive seasonality, female reproductive physiology and gut inflammation are warranted.
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12
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Zhang Q, Zhao H, Wu D, Cao D, Ma W. A comprehensive analysis of the microbiota composition and gene expression in colorectal cancer. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:308. [PMID: 33050883 PMCID: PMC7557014 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dysregulation of gut microbiota is pivotal in colorectal carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, altered gut microbiome may affect the development of intestinal diseases through interaction with the host genes. However, the synergy between the altered gut microbiota composition and differential expression of specific genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. Thus, we integrated the data from 16S rRNA gene sequences and RNA sequences to investigate the potential relationship between genes and gut microbes in patients with CRC. RESULTS Compared with normal samples, the presence of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria increased considerably in CRC samples; conversely, the abundance of Firmicutes and Spirochaetes decreased markedly. In particular, the genera Fusobacterium, Catenibacterium, and Shewanella were only detected in tumor samples. Meanwhile, a closely interaction between Butyricimonas and Clostridium was observed in the microbiome network. Furthermore, a total of 246 (differentially expressed genes) DEGs were identified between tumor and normal tissues. Both DEGs and microbiota were involved in bile secretion and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Finally, genes like cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 (CYP3A4) and ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) enriched in these two pathways were connected with the prognosis of CRC, and CRC patients with low expression level of CYP3A4 and ABCG2 had longer survival time. CONCLUSION Identifying the complicated interaction between gut microbiota and the DEGs contributed to further understand the pathogenesis of CRC, and these findings might enable better diagnosis and treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450004, Henan, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Dedong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450004, Henan, China
| | - Dayong Cao
- Department of Burns, The First People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450004, Henan, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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13
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Park JC, Im SH. Of men in mice: the development and application of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model for microbiome therapeutics. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1383-1396. [PMID: 32908211 PMCID: PMC8080820 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence points to the critical role of the gut microbiota in physiology and disease. The administration of live microbes as a therapeutic modality is increasingly being considered. However, key questions such as how to identify candidate microorganisms and which preclinical models are relevant to recapitulate human microbiota remain largely unanswered. The establishment of a humanized gnotobiotic mouse model through the fecal microbiota transplantation of human feces into germ-free mice provides an innovative and powerful tool to mimic the human microbial system. However, numerous considerations are required in designing such a model, as various elements, ranging from the factors pertaining to human donors to the mouse genetic background, affect how microbes colonize the gut. Thus, it is critical to match the murine context to that of human donors to provide a continuous and faithful progression of human flora in mice. This is of even greater importance when the need for accuracy and reproducibility across global research groups are taken into account. Here, we review the key factors that affect the formulation of a humanized mouse model representative of the human gut flora and propose several approaches as to how researchers can effectively design such models for clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chulhoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,ImmunoBiome Inc. POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Mallott EK, Borries C, Koenig A, Amato KR, Lu A. Reproductive hormones mediate changes in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation in Phayre's leaf monkeys. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9961. [PMID: 32561791 PMCID: PMC7305161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in multiple host species have shown that gut microbial diversity and composition change during pregnancy and lactation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these shifts are not well understood. Here, we use longitudinal data from wild Phayre's leaf monkeys to test the hypothesis that fluctuations in reproductive hormone concentrations contribute to gut microbial shifts during pregnancy. We described the microbial taxonomic composition of 91 fecal samples from 15 females (n = 16 cycling, n = 36 pregnant, n = 39 lactating) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and assessed whether the resulting data were better explained by overall reproductive stage or by fecal estrogen (fE) and progesterone (fP) concentrations. Our results indicate that while overall reproductive stage affected gut microbiome composition, the observed patterns were driven by reproductive hormones. Females had lower gut microbial diversity during pregnancy and fP concentrations were negatively correlated with diversity. Additionally, fP concentrations predicted both unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances, while reproductive state only predicted unweighted UniFrac distances. Seasonality (rainfall and periods of phytoprogestin consumption) additionally influenced gut microbial diversity and composition. Our results indicate that reproductive hormones, specifically progestagens, contribute to the shifts in the gut microbiome during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carola Borries
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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15
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Trevelline BK, MacLeod KJ, Langkilde T, Kohl KD. Gestation alters the gut microbiota of an oviparous lizard. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5519851. [PMID: 31210275 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian pregnancy can alter the diversity, membership and structure of the maternal gut microbiota, but it is unclear whether this phenomenon occurs in vertebrates with different reproductive strategies. We conducted 16S rRNA bacterial inventories to investigate whether oviparous lizards exhibit shifts in gut microbiota similar to those observed in mammals. Using wild-caught eastern fence lizards from Alabama, USA, we collected and extracted fecal DNA from gravid and non-gravid individuals over 54 days in captivity. We predicted that, like mammals, the alpha diversity of lizard gut microbiota would decrease over gestation, and that inter-individual variation in community composition would increase. Indeed, we found that individuals in late-gestation harbored lower gut bacterial richness compared to non-gravid females. Lizard gut microbial communities of late-gestational females exhibited higher pairwise distances for both community membership and community structure compared to earlier gestation stages, indicating a higher degree of inter-individual variation as gestation progressed. Additionally, we found that the relative abundance and prevalence of the candidate phylum Melainabacteria tended to decrease over the course of gestation. While the consequences of these specific alterations are unknown, our results suggest that a general restructuring of gut microbial communities over gestation may be widespread across vertebrate reproductive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Trevelline
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Kirsty J MacLeod
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA.,Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Tracy Langkilde
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Kevin D Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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16
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Shrestha N, Sleep SL, Cuffe JSM, Holland OJ, McAinch AJ, Dekker Nitert M, Hryciw DH. Pregnancy and diet-related changes in the maternal gut microbiota following exposure to an elevated linoleic acid diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E276-E285. [PMID: 31846371 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00265.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intakes of linoleic acid (LA) have increased, including in women of reproductive age. Changes in maternal gut microbiome have been implicated in the metabolic adaptions that occur during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate whether consumption of a diet with elevated LA altered fecal microbiome diversity before and during pregnancy. Female Wistar-Kyoto rats consumed a high-LA diet (HLA: 6.21% of energy) or a low-LA diet (LLA: 1.44% of energy) for 10 wk before mating and during pregnancy. DNA was isolated from fecal samples before pregnancy [embryonic day 0 (E0)], or during pregnancy at E10 and E20. The microbiome composition was assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing. At E0, the beta-diversity of LLA and HLA groups differed with HLA rats having significantly lower abundance of the genera Akkermansia, Peptococcus, Sutterella, and Xo2d06 but higher abundance of Butyricimonas and Coprococcus. Over gestation, in LLA but not HLA rats, there was a reduction in alpha-diversity and an increase in beta-diversity. In the LLA group, the abundance of Akkermansia, Blautia, rc4.4, and Streptococcus decreased over gestation, whereas Coprococcus increased. In the HLA group; only the abundance of Butyricimonas decreased. At E20, there were no differences in alpha- and beta-diversity, and the abundance of Roseburia was significantly increased in the HLA group. In conclusion, consumption of a HLA diet alters gut microbiota composition, as does pregnancy in rats consuming a LLA diet. In pregnancy, consumption of a HLA diet does not alter gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simone L Sleep
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - James S M Cuffe
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olivia J Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Faas MM, Liu Y, Borghuis T, van Loo-Bouwman CA, Harmsen H, de Vos P. Microbiota Induced Changes in the Immune Response in Pregnant Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2976. [PMID: 31998293 PMCID: PMC6962187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with adaptations of the immune response and with changes in the gutmicrobiota. We hypothesized the gut microbiota are involved in inducing (part of) the immunological adaptations during pregnancy. To test this hypothesis, we collected feces from pregnant conventional mice before and during pregnancy (days 7, 14, and 18) and microbiota were measured using 16S RNA sequencing. At day 18, mice were sacrificed and splenic (various Th cell populations) and blood immune cells (monocyte subsets) were measured by flow cytometry. The data were compared with splenic and blood immune cell populations from pregnant (day 18) germfree mice and non-pregnant conventional and germfree mice. Finally, the abundances of the individual gut bacteria in the microbiota of each conventional pregnant mouse were correlated to the parameters of the immune response of the same mouse. The microbiota of conventional mice were significantly different at the end of pregnancy (day 18) as compared with pre-pregnancy (Permanova, p < 0.05). The Shannon index was decreased and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was increased (Friedman followed by Dunn's test, p < 0.05), while abundances of various species (such as Allobaculum stercoricanis, Barnesiella intestihominis, and Roseburia faecis) were significantly different at day 18 compared with pre-pregnancy. In pregnant conventional mice, the percentage of Th1 cells was decreased, while the percentages of Treg cells and Th2 cells were or tended to be increased vs. non-pregnant mice. In germfree mice, only the percentage of Th1 cells was decreased in pregnant vs. non-pregnant mice, with no effect of pregnancy on Treg and Th2 cells. The percentages of monocyte subsets were affected by pregnancy similarly in conventional and germfree mice. However, the activation status of monocytes (expression of CD80 and MHCII) was affected by pregnancy mainly in conventional mice, and not in germfree mice. Correlation (Spearman's coefficient) of pregnancy affected microbiota with pregnancy affected immune cells, i.e., immune cells that were only affected differently in conventional mice and germfree mice, showed 4 clusters of bacteria and 4 clusters of immune cells, some of these clusters were correlated with each other. For instance, the microbiota in cluster 1 and 2 (in which there were various short chain fatty acid producing microbiota) are positively correlated with immune cells in cluster B, containing Treg cells and Th2 cells. Microbiota and immune cells are affected by pregnancy in mice. The different immunological adaptations to pregnancy between conventional and germfree mice, such as the increase in Treg and tendency to an increase in Th2 cells in conventional pregnant mice only, may suggest that the microbiota may play a role in adapting the maternal immune response to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke M Faas
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuanrui Liu
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Theo Borghuis
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Hermie Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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18
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Progesterone Increases Bifidobacterium Relative Abundance during Late Pregnancy. Cell Rep 2019; 27:730-736.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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