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Clayton BLL, Kristell JD, Allan KC, Cohn EF, Karl M, Jerome AD, Garrison E, Maeno-Hikichi Y, Sturno AM, Kerr A, Shick HE, Sepeda JA, Freundt EC, Sas AR, Segal BM, Miller RH, Tesar PJ. A phenotypic screening platform for identifying chemical modulators of astrocyte reactivity. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:656-665. [PMID: 38378993 PMCID: PMC11034956 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Disease, injury and aging induce pathological reactive astrocyte states that contribute to neurodegeneration. Modulating reactive astrocytes therefore represent an attractive therapeutic strategy. Here we describe the development of an astrocyte phenotypic screening platform for identifying chemical modulators of astrocyte reactivity. Leveraging this platform for chemical screening, we identify histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibitors as effective suppressors of pathological astrocyte reactivity. We demonstrate that HDAC3 inhibition reduces molecular and functional characteristics of reactive astrocytes in vitro. Transcriptional and chromatin mapping studies show that HDAC3 inhibition disarms pathological astrocyte gene expression and function while promoting the expression of genes associated with beneficial astrocytes. Administration of RGFP966, a small molecule HDAC3 inhibitor, blocks reactive astrocyte formation and promotes neuroprotection in vivo in mice. Collectively, these results establish a platform for discovering modulators of reactive astrocyte states, inform the mechanisms that control astrocyte reactivity and demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of modulating astrocyte reactivity for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L L Clayton
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - James D Kristell
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kevin C Allan
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erin F Cohn
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Molly Karl
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew D Jerome
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric Garrison
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yuka Maeno-Hikichi
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Annalise M Sturno
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexis Kerr
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H Elizabeth Shick
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jesse A Sepeda
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric C Freundt
- Department of Biology, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Andrew R Sas
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin M Segal
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert H Miller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Institute for Glial Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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2
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Fadoul G, Ikonomovic M, Zhang F, Yang T. The cell-specific roles of Nrf2 in acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14462. [PMID: 37715557 PMCID: PMC10916447 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke refers to the sudden loss of blood flow in a specific area of the brain. It is the fifth leading cause of mortality and the leading cause of permanent disability. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the production of several antioxidants and protective proteins and it has been investigated as a possible pharmaceutical target for reducing harmful oxidative events in brain ischemia. Each cell type exhibits different roles and behaviors in different phases post-stroke, which is comprehensive yet important to understand to optimize management strategies and goals for care for stroke patients. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the protective effects of Nrf2 in experimental ischemic stroke, emphasizing the role of Nrf2 in different cell types including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells during acute and chronic phases of stroke and providing insights on the neuroprotective role of Nrf2 on each cell type throughout the long term of stroke care. We also highlight the importance of targeting Nrf2 in clinical settings while considering a variety of important factors such as age, drug dosage, delivery route, and time of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fadoul
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Milos Ikonomovic
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and RecoveryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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3
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Endo M, Tanaka Y, Fukuoka M, Suzuki H, Minami Y. Wnt5a/Ror2 promotes Nrf2-mediated tissue protective function of astrocytes after brain injury. Glia 2024; 72:411-432. [PMID: 37904612 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, a type of glial cells, play critical roles in promoting the protection and repair of damaged tissues after brain injury. Inflammatory cytokines and growth factors can affect gene expression in astrocytes in injured brains, but signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms that regulate tissue protective functions of astrocytes are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating the function of reactive astrocytes induced in mouse models of stab wound (SW) brain injury and collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We show that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), whose expression is up-regulated in mouse brains after SW injury and ICH, acts synergistically with inflammatory cytokines to activate E2F1-mediated transcription of a gene encoding the Ror-family protein Ror2, a receptor for Wnt5a, in cultured astrocytes. We also found that subsequent activation of Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling in astrocytes results in nuclear accumulation of antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2 at least partly by increased expression of p62/Sqstm1, leading to promoted expression of several Nrf2 target genes, including heme oxygenase 1. Finally, we provide evidence demonstrating that enhanced activation of Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling in astrocytes reduces cellular damage caused by hemin, a degradation product of hemoglobin, and promotes repair of the damaged blood brain barrier after brain hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Endo
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mayo Fukuoka
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hayata Suzuki
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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4
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Jiwaji Z, Hardingham GE. The consequences of neurodegenerative disease on neuron-astrocyte metabolic and redox interactions. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106255. [PMID: 37558170 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metabolic pathways relating to bioenergetic and redox homeostasis are closely linked, and deficits in these pathways are thought to occur in many neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes play important roles in both processes, and growing evidence suggests that neuron-astrocyte intercellular signalling ensures brain bioenergetic and redox homeostasis in health. Moreover, alterations to this crosstalk have been observed in the context of neurodegenerative pathology. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of how neuron-astrocyte interactions influence brain metabolism and antioxidant functions in health as well as during neurodegeneration. It is apparent that deleterious and adaptive protective responses alter brain metabolism in disease, and that knowledge of both may illuminate targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoeb Jiwaji
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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5
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Nakano-Kobayashi A, Canela A, Yoshihara T, Hagiwara M. Astrocyte-targeting therapy rescues cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation via the Nrf2 pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303809120. [PMID: 37549281 PMCID: PMC10438385 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303809120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation is induced by dysregulated glial activation, and astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells, become reactive upon neuroinflammatory cytokines released from microglia and actively contribute to neuronal loss. Therefore, blocking reactive astrocyte functions is a viable strategy to manage neurodegenerative disorders. However, factors or therapeutics directly regulating astrocyte subtypes remain unexplored. Here, we identified transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a therapeutic target in neurotoxic reactive astrocytes upon neuroinflammation. We found that the absence of Nrf2 promoted the activation of reactive astrocytes in the brain tissue samples obtained from AD model 5xFAD mice, whereas enhanced Nrf2 expression blocked the induction of reactive astrocyte gene expression by counteracting NF-κB subunit p65 recruitment. Neuroinflammatory astrocytes robustly up-regulated genes associated with type I interferon and the antigen-presenting pathway, which were suppressed by Nrf2 pathway activation. Moreover, impaired cognitive behaviors observed in AD mice were rescued upon ALGERNON2 treatment, which potentiated the Nrf2 pathway and reduced the induction of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. Thus, we highlight the potential of astrocyte-targeting therapy by promoting the Nrf2 pathway signaling for neuroinflammation-triggered neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Andres Canela
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
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6
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Hammad M, Raftari M, Cesário R, Salma R, Godoy P, Emami SN, Haghdoost S. Roles of Oxidative Stress and Nrf2 Signaling in Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Cells: A Possible General Mechanism of Resistance to Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1371. [PMID: 37507911 PMCID: PMC10376708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinating role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cellular function is undeniable. Evidence indicates that this transcription factor exerts massive regulatory functions in multiple signaling pathways concerning redox homeostasis and xenobiotics, macromolecules, and iron metabolism. Being the master regulator of antioxidant system, Nrf2 controls cellular fate, influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, resistance to therapy, and senescence processes, as well as infection disease success. Because Nrf2 is the key coordinator of cell defence mechanisms, dysregulation of its signaling has been associated with carcinogenic phenomena and infectious and age-related diseases. Deregulation of this cytoprotective system may also interfere with immune response. Oxidative burst, one of the main microbicidal mechanisms, could be impaired during the initial phagocytosis of pathogens, which could lead to the successful establishment of infection and promote susceptibility to infectious diseases. There is still a knowledge gap to fill regarding the molecular mechanisms by which Nrf2 orchestrates such complex networks involving multiple pathways. This review describes the role of Nrf2 in non-pathogenic and pathogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hammad
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mohammad Raftari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rute Cesário
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rima Salma
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Paulo Godoy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Noushin Emami
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), 14000 Caen, France
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7
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Molina-Gonzalez I, Holloway RK, Jiwaji Z, Dando O, Kent SA, Emelianova K, Lloyd AF, Forbes LH, Mahmood A, Skripuletz T, Gudi V, Febery JA, Johnson JA, Fowler JH, Kuhlmann T, Williams A, Chandran S, Stangel M, Howden AJM, Hardingham GE, Miron VE. Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3372. [PMID: 37291151 PMCID: PMC10250470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Failed regeneration of myelin around neuronal axons following central nervous system damage contributes to nerve dysfunction and clinical decline in various neurological conditions, for which there is an unmet therapeutic demand. Here, we show that interaction between glial cells - astrocytes and mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes - is a determinant of remyelination. Using in vivo/ ex vivo/ in vitro rodent models, unbiased RNA sequencing, functional manipulation, and human brain lesion analyses, we discover that astrocytes support the survival of regenerating oligodendrocytes, via downregulation of the Nrf2 pathway associated with increased astrocytic cholesterol biosynthesis pathway activation. Remyelination fails following sustained astrocytic Nrf2 activation in focally-lesioned male mice yet is restored by either cholesterol biosynthesis/efflux stimulation, or Nrf2 inhibition using the existing therapeutic Luteolin. We identify that astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates remyelination, and reveal a drug strategy for central nervous system regeneration centred on targeting this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Molina-Gonzalez
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rebecca K Holloway
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Zoeb Jiwaji
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sarah A Kent
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Wellcome Trust Translational Neuroscience PhD programme, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie Emelianova
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Amy F Lloyd
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lindsey H Forbes
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ayisha Mahmood
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Thomas Skripuletz
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - James A Febery
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Jeffrey A Johnson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Waisman Centre, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jill H Fowler
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, D-48129, Germany
| | - Anna Williams
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 5UU, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- United Kingdom Multiple Sclerosis Society Edinburgh Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- BARLO Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St.Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research at St.Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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8
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Li Q, Fadoul G, Ikonomovic M, Yang T, Zhang F. Sulforaphane promotes white matter plasticity and improves long-term neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke via the Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:292-303. [PMID: 36244590 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common condition following ischemic stroke. Neuronal loss and white matter injury are among the most common neuropathological characteristics in patients with PSCI. The present study tested our hypothesis that activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) reduces neuronal loss, white matter injury, and neurobehavioral deficits in a mouse model of PSCI and investigated the underlying protective mechanisms. METHODS PSCI was modeled in wildtype (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (KO), male and female mice, by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO), with intraperitoneal injections of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (Sfn) or vehicle. Long-term (35 days) sensorimotor and cognitive performances, white matter integrity, oligodendrogenesis by BrdU incorporation, and neurite sprouting using anterograde tract-tracing were evaluated up to 35 days after dMCAO. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated three days after dMCAO. In vitro, primary neuronal cultures were applied to validate the in vivo findings. RESULTS Compared to vehicle-injected controls, Sfn treatment improved long-term sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after dMCAO in WT male and female mice. Sfn-treated WT mice also had less myelin loss/axonal injury and showed evidence of Nrf2 activation. Sfn treatment failed to provide the same level of protection in Nrf2 KO mice. Mechanistically, the ability of Sfn to reduce neuronal death after ischemia in vitro and in vivo, augment axonal sprouting and enhance oligodendrogenesis after dMCAO was dependent on Nrf2 activation. CONCLUSION Our results support that Nrf2 is critical for Sfn-afforded neuroprotection after ischemic stroke. Thus, targeting Nrf2 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Fadoul
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Milos Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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9
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Xie J, Zhang Y, Li S, Wei H, Yu H, Zhou Q, Wei L, Ke D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Wang J. P301S-hTau acetylates KEAP1 to trigger synaptic toxicity via inhibiting NRF2/ARE pathway: A novel mechanism underlying hTau-induced synaptic toxicities. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1003. [PMID: 35917404 PMCID: PMC9345400 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Tau (hTau) accumulation and synapse loss are two pathological hallmarks of tauopathies. However, whether and how hTau exerts toxic effects on synapses remain elusive. METHODS Mutated hTau (P301S) was overexpressed in the N2a cell line, primary hippocampal neurons and hippocampal CA3. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to examine the protein and mRNA levels of synaptic proteins. The protein interaction was tested by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Memory and emotion status were evaluated by a series of behavioural tests. The transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay and chromosome immunoprecipitation were conducted to examine the combination of NRF2 to specific anti-oxidative response element (ARE) sequences. Neuronal morphology was analysed after Golgi staining. RESULTS Overexpressing P301S decreased the protein levels of post-synaptic density protein 93 (PSD93), PSD95 and synapsin 1 (SYN1). Simultaneously, NRF2 was decreased, whereas Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) was elevated. Further, we found that NRF2 could bind to the specific AREs of DLG2, DLG4 and SYN1 genes, which encode PSD93, PSD95 and SYN1, respectively, to promote their expression. Overexpressing NRF2 ameliorated P301S-reduced synaptic proteins and synapse. By means of acetylation at K312, P301S increased the protein level of KEAP1 via inhibiting KEAP1 degradation from ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby decreasing NRF2 and reducing synapse. Blocking the P301S-KEAP1 interaction at K312 rescued the P301S-suppressed expression of synaptic proteins and memory deficits with anxiety efficiently. CONCLUSIONS P301S-hTau could acetylate KEAP1 to trigger synaptic toxicity via inhibiting the NRF2/ARE pathway. These findings provide a novel and potential target for the therapeutic intervention of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Zhao Xie
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yao Zhang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan HospitalKey Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shi‐Hong Li
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hui‐Ling Yu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qiu‐Zhi Zhou
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lin‐Yu Wei
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
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10
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Normal and Pathological NRF2 Signalling in the Central Nervous System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081426. [PMID: 35892629 PMCID: PMC9394413 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was originally described as a master regulator of antioxidant cellular response, but in the time since, numerous important biological functions linked to cell survival, cellular detoxification, metabolism, autophagy, proteostasis, inflammation, immunity, and differentiation have been attributed to this pleiotropic transcription factor that regulates hundreds of genes. After 40 years of in-depth research and key discoveries, NRF2 is now at the center of a vast regulatory network, revealing NRF2 signalling as increasingly complex. It is widely recognized that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in human physiological and pathological processes such as ageing, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The high oxygen consumption associated with high levels of free iron and oxidizable unsaturated lipids make the brain particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. A good stability of NRF2 activity is thus crucial to maintain the redox balance and therefore brain homeostasis. In this review, we have gathered recent data about the contribution of the NRF2 pathway in the healthy brain as well as during metabolic diseases, cancer, ageing, and ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss promising therapeutic strategies and the need for better understanding of cell-type-specific functions of NRF2 in these different fields.
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11
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Alfieri A, Koudelka J, Li M, Scheffer S, Duncombe J, Caporali A, Kalaria RN, Smith C, Shah AM, Horsburgh K. Nox2 underpins microvascular inflammation and vascular contributions to cognitive decline. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1176-1191. [PMID: 35102790 PMCID: PMC9207496 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221077766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic microvascular inflammation and oxidative stress are inter-related mechanisms underpinning white matter disease and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). A proposed mediator is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2), a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. To assess the role of Nox2 in VCI, we studied a tractable model with white matter pathology and cognitive impairment induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice with genetic deletion of Nox2 (Nox2 KO) were compared to wild-type (WT) following BCAS. Sustained BCAS over 12 weeks in WT mice induced Nox2 expression, indices of microvascular inflammation and oxidative damage, along with white matter pathology culminating in a marked cognitive impairment, which were all protected by Nox2 genetic deletion. Neurovascular coupling was impaired in WT mice post-BCAS and restored in Nox2 KO mice. Increased vascular expression of chemoattractant mediators, cell-adhesion molecules and endothelial activation factors in WT mice post-BCAS were ameliorated by Nox2 deficiency. The clinical relevance was confirmed by increased vascular Nox2 and indices of microvascular inflammation in human post-mortem subjects with cerebral vascular disease. Our results support Nox2 activity as a critical determinant of VCI, whose targeting may be of therapeutic benefit in cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alfieri
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Vascular Science, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Juraj Koudelka
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mosi Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sanny Scheffer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica Duncombe
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Bouvier DS, Fixemer S, Heurtaux T, Jeannelle F, Frauenknecht KBM, Mittelbronn M. The Multifaceted Neurotoxicity of Astrocytes in Ageing and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Translational Perspective. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814889. [PMID: 35370777 PMCID: PMC8969602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy physiological context, astrocytes are multitasking cells contributing to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, defense, and immunity. In cell culture or rodent models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), numerous studies have shown that astrocytes can adopt neurotoxic phenotypes that could enhance disease progression. Chronic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, unbalanced phagocytosis, or alteration of their core physiological roles are the main manifestations of their detrimental states. However, if astrocytes are directly involved in brain deterioration by exerting neurotoxic functions in patients with NDDs is still controversial. The large spectrum of NDDs, with often overlapping pathologies, and the technical challenges associated with the study of human brain samples complexify the analysis of astrocyte involvement in specific neurodegenerative cascades. With this review, we aim to provide a translational overview about the multi-facets of astrocyte neurotoxicity ranging from in vitro findings over mouse and human cell-based studies to rodent NDDs research and finally evidence from patient-related research. We also discuss the role of ageing in astrocytes encompassing changes in physiology and response to pathologic stimuli and how this may prime detrimental responses in NDDs. To conclude, we discuss how potentially therapeutic strategies could be adopted to alleviate or reverse astrocytic toxicity and their potential to impact neurodegeneration and dementia progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Bouvier
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: David S. Bouvier,
| | - Sonja Fixemer
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Félicia Jeannelle
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Katrin B. M. Frauenknecht
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology, and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Michel Mittelbronn,
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13
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Jiwaji Z, Hardingham GE. Good, bad, and neglectful: Astrocyte changes in neurodegenerative disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:93-99. [PMID: 35202786 PMCID: PMC8969603 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play key roles in CNS development as well as well as neuro-supportive roles in the mature brain including ionic, bioenergetic and redox homeostasis. Astrocytes undergo rapid changes following acute CNS insults such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, but are also profoundly altered in chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. While disease-altered astrocytes are often referred to as reactive, this does not represent a single cellular state or group of states, but a shift in astrocyte properties that is determined by the type of insult as well as spatio-temporal factors. Such changes can accelerate disease progression due to astrocytes neglecting their normal homeostatic neuro-supportive roles, as well as by gaining active neuro-toxic properties. However, other aspects of astrocytic responses to chronic disease can include the induction of adaptive-protective pathways. This is particularly the case when considering antioxidant defences, which can be up-regulated in many cell types, including astrocytes, in response to stresses, sometimes in concert with the activation of detoxification and proteostasis pathways. Protective responses, whilst potentially serving to mitigate neuronal dysfunction, may ultimately fail due to being insufficiently strong, or be offset by other deleterious changes to astrocytes occurring in parallel. Nevertheless, a greater understanding of early adaptive-protective responses of astrocytes to neurodegenerative disease pathology may point to ways in which these responses may be harnessed for therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoeb Jiwaji
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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14
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Yaremenko LM, Grabovoy AN, Shepelev SE. Expression of Cytoskeletal Proteins in Neurons of the Rat Sensorimotor Cortex upon Hypoperfusion of the Brain and Sensitization by Cerebral Antigen. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-022-09917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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The Complement System in the Central Nervous System: From Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020337. [PMID: 35204837 PMCID: PMC8869249 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of the complement system to both innate and adaptive immunity through opsonization, cell lysis, and inflammatory activities are well known. In contrast, the role of complement in the central nervous system (CNS) which extends beyond immunity, is only beginning to be recognized as important to neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. In addition to protecting the brain against invasive pathogens, appropriate activation of the complement system is pivotal to the maintenance of normal brain function. Moreover, overactivation or dysregulation may cause synaptic dysfunction and promote excessive pro-inflammatory responses. Recent studies have provided insights into the various responses of complement components in different neurological diseases and the regulatory mechanisms involved in their pathophysiology, as well as a glimpse into targeting complement factors as a potential therapeutic modality. However, there remain significant knowledge gaps in the relationship between the complement system and different brain disorders. This review summarizes recent key findings regarding the role of different components of the complement system in health and pathology of the CNS and discusses the therapeutic potential of anti-complement strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions.
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16
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Grabovoy A, Yaremenko L, Shepelev S. EXPRESSION OF SYNAPTOFYSIN AND VEGF IN THE SENSOMOTOR CORTEX DURING THE CAROTID ARTERY LIGATION, THE BRAIN ANTIGEN SENSITIZATION AND THEIR COMBINATIONS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:2256-2261. [PMID: 36378705 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202209214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study changes of the expression of synaptophysin (Syn) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurons of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) to reveal after unilateral ligation of the carotid artery, sensitization with brain antigen and their combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Experimental animals - Wistar rats (260-290 g). Experimental models: mobilization of the left common carotid artery, ligation of the indicated artery, sensitization with cerebral antigen, combination of sensitization with cerebral antigen and ligation of the carotid artery. Methods: immunohistochemistry, quantitative densitometric assessment. RESULTS Results: Dyscirculatory disorders of cerebral blood supply during unilateral mobilization or ligation of the common carotid artery, sensitization with cerebral antigen lead in rats to a transient decrease in synaptophysin expression and phase changes in VEGF expression in the SMC from the lesion side. These changes occur in the absence of morphological changes in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The absence of morphological changes in the SMC in the short term (10-30 days) after minor trauma to the common carotid artery (separation from the bed and n.vagus) or its ligation is accompanied by a transient decrease in Syn expression and some increase in VEGF, which may reflect a violation of synaptic function and the general metabolic activity of neurons. Sensitization with a brain antigen, leading to an increase in the level of anti-brain antibodies and immune complexes in the blood of rats, can act as an independent damaging factor for the brain, and also potentiates and prolongs changes caused by impaired blood circulation.
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17
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Waldeck-Weiermair M, Yadav S, Spyropoulos F, Krüger C, Pandey AK, Michel T. Dissecting in vivo and in vitro redox responses using chemogenetics. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:360-369. [PMID: 34752919 PMCID: PMC8639655 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the most abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mammalian cells. At low concentrations, H2O2 serves as a versatile cell signaling molecule that mediates vital physiological functions. Yet at higher concentrations, H2O2 can be a toxic molecule by promoting pathological oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Within normal cells, H2O2 is differentially distributed in a variety of subcellular locales. Moreover, many redox-active enzymes and their substrates are themselves differentially distributed within cells. Numerous reports have described the biological and biochemical consequences of adding exogenous H2O2 to cultured cells and tissues, but many of these observations are difficult to interpret: the effects of exogenous H2O2 do not necessarily replicate the cellular responses to endogenous H2O2. In recent years, chemogenetic approaches have been developed to dynamically regulate the abundance of H2O2 in specific subcellular locales. Chemogenetic approaches have been applied in multiple experimental systems, ranging from in vitro studies on the intracellular transport and metabolism of H2O2, all the way to in vivo studies that generate oxidative stress in specific organs in living animals. These chemogenetic approaches have exploited a yeast-derived d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) that synthesizes H2O2 only in the presence of its d-amino acid substrate. DAAO can be targeted to various subcellular locales, and can be dynamically activated by the addition or withdrawal of its d-amino acid substrate. In addition, recent advances in the development of highly sensitive genetically encoded H2O2 biosensors are providing a better understanding of both physiological and pathological oxidative pathways. This review highlights several applications of DAAO as a chemogenetic tool across a wide range of biological systems, from analyses of subcellular H2O2 metabolism in cells to the development of new disease models caused by oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fotios Spyropoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Krüger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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18
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Al-Mubarak BR, Bell KFS, Chowdhry S, Meakin PJ, Baxter PS, McKay S, Dando O, Ashford MLJ, Gazaryan I, Hayes JD, Hardingham GE. Non-canonical Keap1-independent activation of Nrf2 in astrocytes by mild oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102158. [PMID: 34626892 PMCID: PMC8512624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a stress-responsive master regulator of antioxidant, detoxification and proteostasis genes. In astrocytes, Nrf2-dependent gene expression drives cell-autonomous cytoprotection and also non-cell-autonomous protection of nearby neurons, and can ameliorate pathology in several acute and chronic neurological disorders associated with oxidative stress. However, the value of astrocytic Nrf2 as a therapeutic target depends in part on whether Nrf2 activation by disease-associated oxidative stress occludes the effect of any Nrf2-activating drug. Nrf2 activation classically involves the inhibition of interactions between Nrf2's Neh2 domain and Keap1, which directs Nrf2 degradation. Keap1 inhibition is mediated by the modification of cysteine residues on Keap1, and can be triggered by electrophilic small molecules such as tBHQ. Here we show that astrocytic Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress involves Keap1-independent non-canonical signaling. Keap1 deficiency elevates basal Nrf2 target gene expression in astrocytes and occludes the effects of tBHQ, oxidative stress still induced strong Nrf2-dependent gene expression in Keap1-deficient astrocytes. Moreover, while tBHQ prevented protein degradation mediated via Nrf2's Neh2 domain, oxidative stress did not, consistent with a Keap1-independent mechanism. Moreover the effects of oxidative stress and tBHQ on Nrf2 target gene expression are additive, not occlusive. Mechanistically, oxidative stress enhances the transactivation potential of Nrf2's Neh5 domain in a manner dependent on its Cys-191 residue. Thus, astrocytic Nrf2 activation by oxidative stress involves Keap1-independent non-canonical signaling, meaning that further Nrf2 activation by Keap1-inhibiting drugs may be a viable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer R Al-Mubarak
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Behavioral Genetics Unit, Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, P.O Box 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen F S Bell
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sudhir Chowdhry
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Paul S Baxter
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sean McKay
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, 10570, USA
| | - John D Hayes
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh Medical School, EH16 4SB, UK.
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19
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Xu R, He Q, Wang Y, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Therapeutic Potential of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:706759. [PMID: 34413726 PMCID: PMC8370253 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.706759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a heterogeneous disease caused by a variety of cerebrovascular diseases. Patients with VCI often present with slower cognitive processing speed and poor executive function, which affects their independence in daily life, thus increasing social burden. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a non-invasive and efficient intervention that triggers endogenous protective mechanisms to generate neuroprotection. Over the past decades, evidence from basic and clinical research has shown that RIC is promising for the treatment of VCI. To further our understanding of RIC and improve the management of VCI, we summarize the evidence on the therapeutic potential of RIC in relation to the risk factors and pathobiologies of VCI, including reducing the risk of recurrent stroke, decreasing high blood pressure, improving cerebral blood flow, restoring white matter integrity, protecting the neurovascular unit, attenuating oxidative stress, and inhibiting the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China
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20
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Yadav SK, Ito N, Soin D, Ito K, Dhib-Jalbut S. Dimethyl Fumarate Suppresses Demyelination and Axonal Loss through Reduction in Pro-Inflammatory Macrophage-Induced Reactive Astrocytes and Complement C3 Deposition. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040857. [PMID: 33669652 PMCID: PMC7922578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral agent for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism of DMF using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). DMF treatment decreased the proliferation of T cells and the production of IL-17A and GM-CSF. DMF treatment also decreased the development and/or infiltration of macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), and reduced the ratio of iNOS+ pro-inflammatory macrophage versus Ym1+ immunomodulatory macrophages. Furthermore, DMF treatment suppressed the deposition of complement C3 (C3) and development of reactive C3+ astrocytes. The decrease in iNOS+ macrophages, C3+astrocytes, and C3 deposition in the CNS resulted in the reduction in demyelination and axonal loss. This study suggests that the beneficial effects of DMF involve the suppression of iNOS+ pro-inflammatory macrophages, C3+ astrocytes, and deposition of C3 in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
| | - Naoko Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
| | - Devika Soin
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (S.D.-J.); Tel.: +1-732-235-5482 (K.I.); +1-732-235-7335 (S.D.-J.)
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (N.I.); (D.S.)
- Department of Neurology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (S.D.-J.); Tel.: +1-732-235-5482 (K.I.); +1-732-235-7335 (S.D.-J.)
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21
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Zhou Y, Fan R, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Liu X. Infliximab Can Improve Traumatic Brain Injury by Suppressing the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2803-2811. [PMID: 33501626 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has both high morbidity and mortality rates and can negatively influence physical and mental health, while also causing extreme burden to both individual and society. Hitherto, there is no effective treatment for TBI because of the complexity of the brain anatomy and physiology. Currently, management strategies mainly focus on controlling inflammation after TBI. Tumor necrotizing factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation post-TBI. TNF-α acts as the initiator of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways, and its activation can trigger a series of inflammatory reactions. Infliximab is a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody that reduces inflammation. Herein, we review the latest findings pertaining to the role of TNF-α and infliximab in TBI. We seek to present a comprehensive clinical application prospect of infliximab in TBI and, thus, discuss potential strategies of infliximab in treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Ruihua Fan
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Benson O A Botchway
- Institute of Neuroscience, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Shaoxing City, China.
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22
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Gatto N, Dos Santos Souza C, Shaw AC, Bell SM, Myszczynska MA, Powers S, Meyer K, Castelli LM, Karyka E, Mortiboys H, Azzouz M, Hautbergue GM, Márkus NM, Shaw PJ, Ferraiuolo L. Directly converted astrocytes retain the ageing features of the donor fibroblasts and elucidate the astrocytic contribution to human CNS health and disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13281. [PMID: 33314575 PMCID: PMC7811849 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are highly specialised cells, responsible for CNS homeostasis and neuronal activity. Lack of human in vitro systems able to recapitulate the functional changes affecting astrocytes during ageing represents a major limitation to studying mechanisms and potential therapies aiming to preserve neuronal health. Here, we show that induced astrocytes from fibroblasts donors in their childhood or adulthood display age‐related transcriptional differences and functionally diverge in a spectrum of age‐associated features, such as altered nuclear compartmentalisation, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling properties, oxidative stress response and DNA damage response. Remarkably, we also show an age‐related differential response of induced neural progenitor cells derived astrocytes (iNPC‐As) in their ability to support neurons in co‐culture upon pro‐inflammatory stimuli. These results show that iNPC‐As are a renewable, readily available resource of human glia that retain the age‐related features of the donor fibroblasts, making them a unique and valuable model to interrogate human astrocyte function over time in human CNS health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Gatto
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Allan C. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Simon M. Bell
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Monika A. Myszczynska
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Samantha Powers
- The Research institute Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus OH USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research institute Nationwide Children’s Hospital Columbus OH USA
| | - Lydia M. Castelli
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Evangelia Karyka
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Guillaume M. Hautbergue
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Nóra M. Márkus
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Laura Ferraiuolo
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN) University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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23
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Sigfridsson E, Marangoni M, Hardingham GE, Horsburgh K, Fowler JH. Deficiency of Nrf2 exacerbates white matter damage and microglia/macrophage levels in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:367. [PMID: 33261626 PMCID: PMC7709339 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes damage to the brain's white matter underpinning vascular cognitive impairment. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been proposed as key pathophysiological mechanisms of which the transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator. We hypothesised that white matter pathology, microgliosis, blood-brain barrier breakdown and behavioural deficits induced by chronic hypoperfusion would be exacerbated in mice deficient in the transcription factor Nrf2. METHODS Mice deficient in Nrf2 (male heterozygote or homozygous for Nrf2 knockout) or wild-type littermates on a C57Bl6/J background underwent bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or sham surgery and survived for a further 6 weeks. White matter pathology was assessed with MAG immunohistochemistry as a marker of altered axon-glial integrity; alterations to astrocytes and microglia/macrophages were assessed with GFAP and Iba1 immunohistochemistry, and blood-brain barrier breakdown was assessed with IgG immunohistochemistry. Behavioural alterations were assessed using 8-arm radial arm maze, and alterations to Nrf2-related and inflammatory-related genes were assessed with qRT-PCR. RESULTS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced white matter pathology, elevated microglial/macrophage levels and blood-brain barrier breakdown in white matter tracts that were increased in Nrf2+/- mice and further exacerbated by the complete absence of Nrf2. Chronic hypoperfusion induced white matter astrogliosis and induced an impairment in behaviour assessed with radial arm maze; however, these measures were not affected by Nrf2 deficiency. Although Nrf2-related antioxidant gene expression was not altered by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, there was evidence for elevated pro-inflammatory related gene expression following chronic hypoperfusion that was not affected by Nrf2 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the absence of Nrf2 exacerbates white matter pathology and microgliosis following cerebral hypoperfusion but does not affect behavioural impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sigfridsson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Martina Marangoni
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
- Present address: Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giles E. Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Jill H. Fowler
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
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24
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Nakano-Kobayashi A, Fukumoto A, Morizane A, Nguyen DT, Le TM, Hashida K, Hosoya T, Takahashi R, Takahashi J, Hori O, Hagiwara M. Therapeutics potentiating microglial p21-Nrf2 axis can rescue neurodegeneration caused by neuroinflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/46/eabc1428. [PMID: 33188020 PMCID: PMC7673758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by progressive neuronal loss, and there is no complete treatment available yet. Neuroinflammation is a common feature across neurodegenerative disorders and implicated in the progression of neurodegeneration. Dysregulated activation of microglia causes neuroinflammation and has been highlighted as a treatment target in therapeutic strategies. Here, we identified novel therapeutic candidate ALGERNON2 (altered generation of neurons 2) and demonstrate that ALGERNON2 suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and rescued neurodegeneration in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease model. ALGERNON2 stabilized cyclinD1/p21 complex, leading to up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which contributes to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory responses. Notably, ALGERNON2 enhanced neuronal survival in other neuroinflammatory conditions such as the transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons into murine brains. In conclusion, we present that the microglial potentiation of the p21-Nrf2 pathway can contribute to neuronal survival and provide novel therapeutic potential for neuroinflammation-triggered neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakano-Kobayashi
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - A Fukumoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Morizane
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - D T Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T M Le
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - K Hashida
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - O Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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25
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Rana AK, Sharma S, Singh D. Differential activation of Gsk-3β in the cortex and the hippocampus induces cognitive and behavioural impairments in middle-aged ovariectomized rat. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2020; 4:100019. [PMID: 35755628 PMCID: PMC9216607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (Gsk-3β) aberration act as a crucial pathogenic factor in several neurological conditions. However its role in menopause associated behavioural impairments is still not unclear. The present study was designed to understand the role of Gsk-3β in the progression of neurobehavioural impairments in middle-aged ovariectomized (ovx) rats. The animals showed a significant impairment in spatial and recognition memory, along with anxiety and depression-like behaviour following 22 weeks of ovx. The genomic expression of ERα, ERβ, Nrf2, HO-1, TNFα, and IL-6 was altered in both the cortex and the hippocampus of ovx rats. Protein expression of p-Gsk-3β(Ser9) was significantly downregulated in the cortex after ovx. However, the hippocampus showed a surprisingly opposite trend in the levels of p-Gsk-3β(Ser9) as that of the cortex. Differential activation of Gsk-3β and its downstream proteins such as β-catenin and p-mTOR were also altered following ovx. The study concluded that differential activation of Gsk-3β, along with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the cortex and the hippocampus, leads to the induction of cognitive and behaviour impairments in ovx rats. Cognitive and behaviour impairment was displayed by rats after ovariectomy (ovx). Estrogen receptors differentially expressed in the cortex and the hippocampus region of ovx rats. Differential activation of Gsk-3β was observed in the cortex and the hippocampus after ovx. Expression of β-catenin and p-mTOR also altered in both the regions of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author. Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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26
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Yang T, Zhang F. Targeting Transcription Factor Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2) for the Intervention of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:97-116. [PMID: 33054394 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is an age-related, mild to severe mental disability due to a broad panel of cerebrovascular disorders. Its pathobiology involves neurovascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter damage, microRNAs, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota alterations, etc. Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is the master regulator of redox status and controls the transcription of a panel of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory genes. By interacting with NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Nrf2 also fine-tunes the cellular oxidative and inflammatory balance. Aging is associated with Nrf2 dysfunction, and increasing evidence has proved the role of Nrf2 in mitigating the VCID process. Based on VCID pathobiologies and Nrf2 studies from VCID and other brain diseases, we point out several hypothetical Nrf2 targets for VCID management, including restoration of endothelial function and neurovascular coupling, preservation of blood-brain barrier integrity, reduction of amyloidopathy, promoting white matter integrity, and mitigating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Collectively, the Nrf2 pathway could be a promising direction for future VCID research. Targeting Nrf2 would shed light on VCID managing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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27
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Wang G, He X, Zhu G, Li D, Shi J, Zhang F. Ellagic acid supports neuron by regulating astroglia Nrf2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:738-743. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Fu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dai‐Di Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education Zunyi Medical University Zunyi Guizhou People's Republic of China
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