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Shi JF, Cheng MH, Zhou W, Zeng MZ, Chen Y, Yang JX, Wu H, Ye QH, Tang H, Zhang Q, Fu KY, Guo WC. Crucial roles of specialized chitinases in elytral and hindwing cuticles construction in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4437-4449. [PMID: 38656531 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is a major potato (Solanum tuberosum) pest, infesting over 16 million km2 and causing substantial economic losses. The insect cuticle forms an apical extracellular matrix (ECM) envelope covering exposed organs to direct morphogenesis and confer structural protection. While select chitinase (Cht) genes have proven essential for larval development, their potential activities directing ECM remodeling underlying adult wing maturation remain undefined. RESULTS We investigated the expression patterns and performed an oral RNA interference (RNAi) screen targeting 19 LdChts in late-instar L. decemlineata larvae. Subsequently, we assessed their effects on adult eclosion and wing characteristics. Knockdown of LdCht5, LdCht7, LdCht10, LdIDGF2, and LdIDGF4, as well as others from Group IV (LdCht15, LdCht12, LdCht17, and LdCht13) and Groups VII-X (LdCht2, LdCht11, LdCht1, and LdCht3), resulting in shrunken, misshapen elytra with reduced areal density, as well as transverse wrinkling and impaired wing-tip folding in hindwings. Scanning electron micrographs revealed eroded elytral ridges alongside thinned, ruptured hindwing veins, indicative of mechanical fragility post-LdCht suppression. Spectroscopic analysis uncovered biomolecular alterations underlying the elytral anomalies, including decreases in peaks representing chitin, proteins, and lipids. This loss of essential ECM components provides evidence for the fragility, wrinkling, and shrinkage observed in the RNAi groups. CONCLUSION Our findings elucidate the crucial role of chitinases in the turnover of chitinous cuticles on beetle wings, offering insights into RNAi-based control strategies against this invasive pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man-Hong Cheng
- Chongqing College of Humanities, Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mu-Zi Zeng
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Ye
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Ministry of Agriculture/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Urumqi, China
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Chen Y, Tang H, Zhou W, Li C, Chen YN, Zhang Q, Fu KY, Guo WC, Shi JF. Identification of chitinase genes and roles in the larval-pupal transition of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:282-295. [PMID: 37671631 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect chitinases play crucial roles in degrading chitin in the extracellular matrix, affecting insect development and molting. However, our understanding of the specific functions of various chitinases in Leptinotarsa decemlineata is limited, hindering the deployment of novel gene-targeting technologies as pest management strategies. RESULTS We identified and characterized 19 full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of chitinase genes (LdChts) in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Despite having varying domain architectures, all these chitinases contained at least one chitinase catalytic domain. Phylogenetic analysis classified the chitinase proteins into ten distinct clusters (groups I-X). Expression profiles showed the highest expression in chitin-rich tissues or during specific developmental stages from the larva-to-pupa transition. Gene-specific RNA interference (RNAi) experiments provided valuable insight into chitinase gene function. Silencing of group II LdCht10 prevented larval-larval molting, larval-prepupal, and prepupal-pupal processes. Moreover, our study revealed that LdCht5, LdCht2, LdCht11, LdCht1, and LdCht3 from groups I and VII-X were specifically essential for the transition from prepupal to pupal stage, whereas LdIDGF2 from group V was necessary for the larval-prepupal metamorphic process. The chitinase gene LdCht7 from group III and LdIDGF4 from group V were involved in both the larva-to-prepupa and the prepupa-to-pupa shift. Additionally, our findings also shed light on the exclusive expression of nine chitinase genes within group IV in the digestive system, suggesting their potential role in regulating larval body weight and larva-to-pupa transition. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the functional specialization of chitinase genes during the molting process of various stages and identify potential targets for RNAi-based management of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Yun Fu
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen-Chao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Ji-Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Li Y, Xu Y, Wu S, Wang B, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang J. Validamycin Inhibits the Synthesis and Metabolism of Trehalose and Chitin in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). INSECTS 2023; 14:671. [PMID: 37623381 PMCID: PMC10455558 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a notorious invasive pest that has raised concerns worldwide. Validamycin has been demonstrated to be a very strong inhibitor against trehalase in a variety of organisms. However, whether validamycin can inhibit trehalase activity to suppress trehalose hydrolysis and affect any other relevant physiological pathways in B. dorsalis remains unknown. In this study, the effects of validamycin injection on the synthesis and metabolism of trehalose and chitin were evaluated. The results show that validamycin injection significantly affected trehalase activity and caused trehalose accumulation. In addition, the downstream pathways of trehalose hydrolysis, including the synthesis and metabolism of chitin, were also remarkably affected as the expressions of the key genes in these pathways were significantly regulated and the chitin contents were changed accordingly. Intriguingly, the upstream trehalose synthesis was also affected by validamycin injection due to the variations in the expression levels of key genes, especially BdTPPC1. Moreover, BdTPPC1 was predicted to have a binding affinity to validamycin, and the subsequent in vitro recombinant enzyme activity assay verified the inhibitory effect of validamycin on BdTPPC1 activity for the first time. These findings collectively indicate that validamycin can be considered as a promising potential insecticide for the management of B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yonghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shunjiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Baohe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.L.); (Y.X.); (S.W.); (B.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Tian H, Liu SQ, Jing WH, Hao ZH, Li YH, Lu ZH, Ding ZK, Huang SL, Xu YS, Wang HB. Imaginal disc growth factor is involved in melanin synthesis and energy metabolism in Bombyx mori. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 112:e21995. [PMID: 36575612 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 18 family, plays an important role in various physiological processes in insects. However, the detail physiological function of IDGF is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome analysis was performed on the fatbody isolated from staged control and BmIDGF mutant silkworm larvae. Transcriptional profiling revealed that the absence of BmIDGF significantly affected differentially expressed genes involved in tyrosine and purine metabolism, as well as multiple energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, galactose, starch, and sucrose metabolism. The interruption of BmIDGF caused similar and specific gene expression changes to male and female fatbody. Furthermore, a genome-scale metabolic network integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets revealed 11 pathways significantly altered at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, including amino acid, carbohydrate, uric acid metabolism pathways, insect hormone biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. In conclusion, this multiomics analysis suggests that IDGF is involved in gene-metabolism interactions, revealing its unique role in melanin synthesis and energy metabolism. This study provides new insights into the physiological function of IDGF in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tian
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Liu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hui Jing
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Hao
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Li
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Lu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Kai Ding
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Li Huang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Song Xu
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- Department of Economic Zoology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Li C, Ul Haq I, Khurshid A, Tao Y, Quandahor P, Zhou JJ, Liu CZ. Effects of abiotic stresses on the expression of chitinase-like genes in Acyrthosiphon pisum. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1024136. [PMID: 36505077 PMCID: PMC9727142 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1024136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect chitinases play a crucial part to digest chitin in the exoskeleton during the molting process. However, research on insect chitinase related to the environmental stress response is very limited. This study was the first conducted to expression analysis of chitinase- related genes in A. pisum under abiotic stresses. Here, we identified five chitinase-like proteins (ApIDGF, ApCht3, ApCht7, ApCht10 and ApENGase), and clustered them into five groups (group II, III, V, Ⅹ, and ENGase). Developmental expression analysis revealed that the five A. pisum chitinase-related genes were expressed at whole developmental stages with different relative expression patterns. When aphids were exposed to various abiotic stresses including temperature, insecticide and the stress 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), all five chitinase genes were differentially expressed in A. pisum. The results showed that insecticide such as imidacloprid down-regulated the expression of these five Cht-related genes. Analysis of temperature stress of A. pisum chitinase suggested that ApCht7 expression was high at 10°C, which demonstrates its important role in pea aphids under low temperature. Conversely, ApCht10 was more active under high temperature stress, as it was significantly up-regulated at 30°C. Besides, 20E enhanced ApCht3 and ApCht10 expression in A. pisum, but reduced ApCht7 expression. These findings provide basic information and insights for the study of the role of these genes under abiotic stress, which advances our knowledge in the management of pea aphids under multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aroosa Khurshid
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peter Quandahor
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chang-Zhong Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Diniz DFA, Romão TP, Helvécio E, de Carvalho-Leandro D, Xavier MDN, Peixoto CA, de Melo Neto OP, Melo-Santos MAVD, Ayres CFJ. A comparative analysis of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti subjected to diapause-inducing conditions reveals conserved and divergent aspects associated with diapause, as well as novel genes associated with its onset. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100047. [PMID: 36683953 PMCID: PMC9846470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are mosquito species that are distributed worldwide and transmit diverse arboviruses of medical importance, such as those causing yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika. A. albopictus embryos may remain viable for long periods in the environment due to their ability to become dormant through quiescence or diapause, a feature that contributes to their dispersion and hinders control actions. Diapause incidence can vary among natural populations of A. albopictus, but metabolic and genetic parameters associated with its induction still need to be better defined. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to diapause-inducing conditions on several biological parameters in different populations of A. albopictus (from tropical and temperate areas) and the diapause-refractory A. aegypti (tropical and subtropical populations). As expected, only the A. albopictus populations exhibited diapause, but with a lower incidence for the population from a tropical area. Exposure to diapause-inducing conditions, however, led to a sharp reduction in fecundity for both A. albopictus and A. aegypti tropical populations, with no effect on fertility (>90%). It also led to a prolonged period as pupae for the progeny of all induced groups, with a further delay for those from temperate climates. In all those induced groups, the lipid contents in eggs and adult females were higher than in the non-induced controls, with the highest values observed for both A. albopictus groups. Three genes were selected to have their expression profile investigated: cathepsin, idgf4, and pepck. Upon exposure to diapause-inducing conditions, all three genes were upregulated in the A. albopictus embryos from the tropical region, but only idgf4 was upregulated in the temperate climate embryos. This represents a new gene associated with diapause that can be used as a target to evaluate and prevent embryonic dormancy, a possible new vector control strategy for mosquito species from temperate areas, such as A. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Felipe Araujo Diniz
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatiany Patrícia Romão
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elisama Helvécio
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Danilo de Carvalho-Leandro
- Colégio de Aplicação, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Morgana do Nascimento Xavier
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Pompílio de Melo Neto
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice Varjal de Melo-Santos
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Constância Flávia Junqueira Ayres
- Entomology Department - Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Villoutreix R, de Carvalho CF, Gompert Z, Parchman TL, Feder JL, Nosil P. Testing for fitness epistasis in a transplant experiment identifies a candidate adaptive locus in Timema stick insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200508. [PMID: 35634927 PMCID: PMC9149791 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genetic basis of adaptation is a central goal of evolutionary biology. However, identifying genes and mutations affecting fitness remains challenging because a large number of traits and variants can influence fitness. Selected phenotypes can also be difficult to know a priori, complicating top-down genetic approaches for trait mapping that involve crosses or genome-wide association studies. In such cases, experimental genetic approaches, where one maps fitness directly and attempts to infer the traits involved afterwards, can be valuable. Here, we re-analyse data from a transplant experiment involving Timema stick insects, where five physically clustered single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cryptic body coloration were shown to interact to affect survival. Our analysis covers a larger genomic region than past work and revealed a locus previously not identified as associated with survival. This locus resides near a gene, Punch (Pu), involved in pteridine pigments production, implying that it could be associated with an unmeasured coloration trait. However, by combining previous and newly obtained phenotypic data, we show that this trait is not eye or body coloration. We discuss the implications of our results for the discovery of traits, genes and mutations associated with fitness in other systems, as well as for supergene evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Genetic basis of adaptation and speciation: from loci to causative mutations'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villoutreix
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier 34293, France
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey L. Feder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Patrik Nosil
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier 34293, France
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Yang X, Zhou C, Long G, Yang H, Chen C, Jin D. Characterization and functional analysis of chitinase family genes involved in nymph-adult transition of Sogatella furcifera. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:901-916. [PMID: 32536018 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase degrades chitin in the old epidermis or peritrophic matrix of insects, which ensures normal development and metamorphosis. In our previous work, we comprehensively studied the function of SfCht7 in Sogatella furcifera. However, the number and function of chitinase genes in S. furcifera remain unknown. Here, we identified 12 full-length chitinase transcripts from S. furcifera, which included nine chitinase (Cht), two imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF), and one endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) genes. Expression analysis results revealed that the expression levels of eight genes (SfCht3, SfCht5, SfCht6-1, SfCht6-2, SfCht7, SfCht8, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2) with similar transcript levels peaked prior to molting of each nymph and were highly expressed in the integument. Based on RNA interference (RNAi), description of the functions of each chitinase gene indicated that the silencing of SfCht5, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2 led to molting defects and lethality. RNAi inhibited the expressions of SfCht5, SfCht7, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2, which led to downregulated expressions of chitin synthase 1 (SfCHS1, SfCHS1a, and SfCHS1b) and four chitin deacetylase genes (SfCDA1, SfCDA2, SfCDA3, and SfCDA4), and caused a change in the expression level of two trehalase genes (TRE1 and TRE2). Furthermore, silencing of SfCht7 induced a significant decrease in the expression levels of three wing development-related genes (SfWG, SfDpp, and SfHh). In conclusion, SfCht5, SfCht7, SfCht10, and SfIDGF2 play vital roles in nymph-adult transition and are involved in the regulation of chitin metabolism, and SfCht7 is also involved in wing development; therefore, these genes are potential targets for control of S. furcifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibin Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cao Zhou
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guiyun Long
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang, China
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9
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Ahmad S, Jamil M, Fahim M, Zhang S, Ullah F, Lyu B, Luo Y. RNAi-Mediated Knockdown of Imaginal Disc Growth Factors (IDGFs) Genes Causes Developmental Malformation and Mortality in Melon Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Front Genet 2021; 12:691382. [PMID: 34290744 PMCID: PMC8287652 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.691382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the first successful use of oral feeding dsRNA technique for functional characterization of imaginal disc growth factors (IDGFs) genes (IDGF1, IDGF3_1, IDGF4_0, IDGF4_1, and IDGF6) in melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Phylogenetic and domain analysis indicates that these genes had high similarity with other Tephritidae fruit flies homolog and contain only one conserved domain among these five genes, which is glyco-18 domain (glyco-hydro-18 domain). Gene expression analysis at different developmental stages revealed that these genes were expressed at larval, pupal, and adult stages. To understand their role in different developmental stages, larvae were fed dsRNA-corresponding to each of the five IDGFs, in an artificial diet. RNAi-mediated knockdown of IDGF1 shows no phenotypic effects but caused mortality (10.4%), while IDGF4_0 caused malformed pharate at the adult stage where insects failed to shed their old cuticle and remained attached with their body, highest mortality (49.2%) was recorded compared to dsRNA-green fluorescent protein (GFP) or DEPC. Silencing of IDGF3_1 and IDGF4_1 cause lethal phenotype in larvae, (17.2%) and (40%) mortality was indexed in Z. cucurbitae. IDGF6 was mainly expressed in pupae and adult stages, and its silencing caused a malformation in adult wings. The developmental defects such as malformation in wings, larval–larval lethality, pupal–adult malformation, and small body size show that IDGFs are key developmental genes in the melon fly. Our results provide a baseline for the melon fly management and understanding of IDGFs specific functions in Z. cucurbitae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakil Ahmad
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Momana Jamil
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Muhammad Fahim
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqian Lyu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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10
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Peng Z, Ren J, Su Q, Zeng Y, Tian L, Wang S, Wu Q, Liang P, Xie W, Zhang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Chitinase-Like Gene Family in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:254. [PMID: 33802990 PMCID: PMC8002649 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are of great importance in chitin degradation and remodeling in insects. However, the genome-wide distribution of chitinase-like gene family in Bemsia tabaci, a destructive pest worldwide, is still elusive. With the help of bioinformatics, we annotated 14 genes that encode putative chitinase-like proteins, including ten chitinases (Cht), three imaginal disk growth factors (IDGF), and one endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) in the genome of the whitefly, B. tabaci. These genes were phylogenetically grouped into eight clades, among which 13 genes were classified in the glycoside hydrolase family 18 groups and one in the ENGase group. Afterwards, developmental expression analysis suggested that BtCht10, BtCht5, and BtCht7 were highly expressed in nymphal stages and exhibit similar expression patterns, implying their underlying role in nymph ecdysis. Notably, nymphs exhibited a lower rate of survival when challenged by dsRNA targeting these three genes via a nanomaterial-promoted RNAi method. In addition, silencing of BtCht10 significantly resulted in a longer duration of development compared to control nymphs. These results indicate a key role of BtCht10, BtCht5, and BtCht7 in B. tabaci nymph molting. Our research depicts the differences of chitinase-like family genes in structure and function and identified potential targets for RNAi-based whitefly management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Peng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jun Ren
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Qi Su
- Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;
| | - Yang Zeng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Lixia Tian
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.P.); (J.R.); (Y.Z.); (L.T.); (S.W.); (Q.W.); (W.X.)
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11
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Gao Y, Liu YC, Jia SZ, Liang YT, Tang Y, Xu YS, Kawasaki H, Wang HB. Imaginal disc growth factor maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008980. [PMID: 32986708 PMCID: PMC7544146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex stripes and patterns of insects play key roles in behavior and ecology. However, the fine-scale regulation mechanisms underlying pigment formation and morphological divergence remain largely unelucidated. Here we demonstrated that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori. Moreover, our knockout experiments showed that IDGF is suggested to impact the expression levels of the ecdysone inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further control the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that BmIDGF significantly affected critical metabolites involved in phenylalanine, beta-alanine, purine, and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Our findings highlighted not only the universal function of IDGF to the maintenance of normal cuticle structure but also an underexplored space in the gene function affecting melanin formation. Therefore, this study furthers our understanding of insect pigment metabolism and melanin pattern polymorphisms. The diverse stripe patterns of animals are usually used for warning or camouflage. However, the actual mechanisms underlying diverse stripe pattern formation remains largely unknown. This study provides direct evidence that imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF) maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation. Our exhaustive knockout experiments reveal that BmIDGF is involved in the melanin pigmentation of Bombyx mori. We demonstrate that IDGF impacts the expression levels of the 20E-inducible transcription factor E75A and pleiotropic factors apt-like and Toll8/spz3, to further affect the melanin metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolome of BmIDGF gene deletion connects metabolism to gene function. Thus, this study shed light on not only the unique function of IDGF but also the molecular mechanism of spot pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Cai Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Ze Jia
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ting Liang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Song Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hideki Kawasaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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12
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Liu SH, Xia YD, Zhang Q, Li W, Li RY, Liu Y, Chen EH, Dou W, Stelinski LL, Wang JJ. Potential targets for controlling Bactrocera dorsalis using cuticle- and hormone-related genes revealed by a developmental transcriptome analysis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2127-2143. [PMID: 31951094 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is an important agricultural pest and has developed resistance to many insecticides. To investigate vital genes participating in metamorphosis for development of additional control strategies, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis covering ten developmental stages of B. dorsalis was performed. RESULTS There were 2132, 952, 1062, 2301 and 1333 differentially expressed genes identified during hatching, 1st-instar larval molting, 2nd-instar larval molting, pupariation and emergence, respectively. Further expression analyses indicated that genes in hormone- (20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone) and cuticle- (chitin and cuticle protein) related pathways were essential for metamorphosis in B. dorsalis. Among chitinase (Cht) genes, BdCht-5, -8 and -10 were differentially expressed during larval-larval, larval-pupal and pupal-adult moltings. However, BdCht7 was differentially expressed during egg-larval and larval-larval moltings. Knockdown of BdCht7 at the 1st-instar larval stage disrupted normal development of larvae and was lethal to B. dorsalis. Among cuticle protein (CP) genes, 15 genes (BdCPLCG-1, BdCPLCP-2, BdCPAP1-B2, BdRR1-21, BdRR1-31, BdRR2-15, BdRR2-26, BdRR2-30, BdRR2-32, BdTweedle-9, BdTweedle-24, BdRR2-10, BdCPAP3-C1, BdRR1-34 and BdRR1-41) were differentially expressed during four of five types of moltings. Among hormone-relative genes, BdJHBP-4, -9 and -13 were differentially expressed during all five types of moltings, whereas BdJHBP-5, -12 and BdHR4 were differentially expressed during four of five types of moltings. CONCLUSION This study reveals critical genes involved in development and metamorphosis of B. dorsaslis, and BdCht7 is dispensable for larval survival. It also provides comprehensive transcriptome information for finding more molecular targets to control this pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Huo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Dan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Run-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Zhao Y, Li Z, Gu X, Su Y, Liu L. Imaginal Disc Growth Factor 6 (Idgf6) Is Involved in Larval and Adult Wing Development in Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Front Genet 2020; 11:451. [PMID: 32435262 PMCID: PMC7218075 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, imaginal disk growth factors (IDGFs), an important component of the glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) family of chitinases, have been reported to be associated with the maintenance of the cuticle and molting. However, there is little knowledge of their function. In this study, imaginal disk growth factor 6 (Idgf6), which is an Idgf, was first identified and cloned from the guava fruit fly Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), one of the most serious pest insects in South China and surrounding Southeast Asian countries. This gene encodes IDGF6 protein with a conserved domain similar to ChiA chitinases, the glycoside hydrolase 18 (GH18) family of chitinases, according to NCBI BLAST. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that all Idgf6s were highly conserved among similar species. Subsequent temporal expression profiling revealed that Idgf6 was highly expressed in both the late-pupal and mid-adult stages, suggesting that this gene plays a predominant role in pupal and adult development. Furthermore, RNA interference experiments against Idgf6 in B. correcta, which led to the specific decrease in Idgf6 expression, resulted in larval death as well as adult wing malformation. The direct effects of Idgf6 silencing on B. correcta indicated its important role in development, and Idgf6 might be further exploited as a novel insecticide target in the context of pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Gu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Wang Y, Gao B, Zhang G, Qi X, Cao S, Akami M, Huang Y, Niu C. Mutation of Bdpaired induces embryo lethality in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:944-951. [PMID: 31461218 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pair-rule genes were identified and named for their role in segmentation in animal embryos. Paired, a homolog of mammalian PAX3, acts as one of several pair-rule genes and is key in defining the boundaries of future parasegments and segments during insect embryogenesis. RESULTS We cloned the paired gene from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, and then applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to investigate its physiological function in the embryonic stage of this pest. We identified one transcript for a paired homolog in B. dorsalis, which encodes a protein containing a Paired Box domain and a Homeobox domain. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the paired gene is highly conserved and the gene was highly expressed at the 12-14 h-old embryonic stage. Knock-out of Bdpaired led to lack of segment boundaries, cuticular deficiency, and embryonic lethality. Sequence analysis of the CRISPR/Cas9 mutants exhibited different insertion and deletions in the Bdpaired locus. In addition, the relative expression of Wingless (Wg) and Abdominal A (Abd-A) genes were significantly down-regulated in the Bdpaired mutant embryos. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Bdpaired gene is critical for the embryonic development of B. dorsalis, and could be a novel molecular target for genetic-based pest management practices to combat this serious invasive pest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingli Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guijian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mazarin Akami
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai, China
| | - Changying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Zurovcova M, Benes V, Zurovec M, Kucerova L. Expansion of Imaginal Disc Growth Factor Gene Family in Diptera Reflects the Evolution of Novel Functions. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100365. [PMID: 31635152 PMCID: PMC6835396 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaginal disc growth factors (IDGFs) are a small protein family found in insects. They are related to chitinases and implicated in multiple functions, including cell growth stimulation, antimicrobial activity, insect hemolymph clotting, and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. A number of new IDGFs have been found in several insect species and their detailed phylogenetic analysis provides a good basis for further functional studies. To achieve this goal, we sequenced Idgf cDNAs from several lepidopteran and trichopteran species and supplemented our data with sequences retrieved from public databases. A comparison of Idgf genes in different species showed that Diptera typically contain several Idgf paralogs with a simple exon-intron structure (2–3 exons), whereas lepidopteran Idgfs appear as a single copy per genome and contain a higher number of exons (around 9). Our results show that, while lepidopteran Idgfs, having single orthologs, are characterized by low divergence and stronger purifying selection over most of the molecule, the duplicated Idgf genes in Diptera, Idgf1 and Idgf4, exhibit signs of positive selection. This characterization of IDGF evolution provides, to our knowledge, the first information on the changes that formed these important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zurovcova
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Benes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Core Facilities and Services, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michal Zurovec
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 1760, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Kucerova
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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