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Nkurikiyimfura O, Waheed A, Fang H, Yuan X, Chen L, Wang YP, Lu G, Zhan J, Yang L. Fitness difference between two synonymous mutations of Phytophthora infestans ATP6 gene. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38494489 PMCID: PMC10946160 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequence variation produced by mutation provides the ultimate source of natural selection for species adaptation. Unlike nonsynonymous mutation, synonymous mutations are generally considered to be selectively neutral but accumulating evidence suggests they also contribute to species adaptation by regulating the flow of genetic information and the development of functional traits. In this study, we analysed sequence characteristics of ATP6, a housekeeping gene from 139 Phytophthora infestans isolates, and compared the fitness components including metabolic rate, temperature sensitivity, aggressiveness, and fungicide tolerance among synonymous mutations. RESULTS We found that the housekeeping gene exhibited low genetic variation and was represented by two major synonymous mutants at similar frequency (0.496 and 0.468, respectively). The two synonymous mutants were generated by a single nucleotide substitution but differed significantly in fitness as well as temperature-mediated spatial distribution and expression. The synonymous mutant ending in AT was more common in cold regions and was more expressed at lower experimental temperature than the synonymous mutant ending in GC and vice versa. CONCLUSION Our results are consistent with the argument that synonymous mutations can modulate the adaptive evolution of species including pathogens and have important implications for sustainable disease management, especially under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswald Nkurikiyimfura
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Hanmei Fang
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoxian Yuan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
| | - Lina Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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2
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Thorogood R, Mustonen V, Aleixo A, Aphalo PJ, Asiegbu FO, Cabeza M, Cairns J, Candolin U, Cardoso P, Eronen JT, Hällfors M, Hovatta I, Juslén A, Kovalchuk A, Kulmuni J, Kuula L, Mäkipää R, Ovaskainen O, Pesonen AK, Primmer CR, Saastamoinen M, Schulman AH, Schulman L, Strona G, Vanhatalo J. Understanding and applying biological resilience, from genes to ecosystems. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2023; 2:16. [PMID: 39242840 PMCID: PMC11332022 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-023-00022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The natural world is under unprecedented and accelerating pressure. Much work on understanding resilience to local and global environmental change has, so far, focussed on ecosystems. However, understanding a system's behaviour requires knowledge of its component parts and their interactions. Here we call for increased efforts to understand 'biological resilience', or the processes that enable components across biological levels, from genes to communities, to resist or recover from perturbations. Although ecologists and evolutionary biologists have the tool-boxes to examine form and function, efforts to integrate this knowledge across biological levels and take advantage of big data (e.g. ecological and genomic) are only just beginning. We argue that combining eco-evolutionary knowledge with ecosystem-level concepts of resilience will provide the mechanistic basis necessary to improve management of human, natural and agricultural ecosystems, and outline some of the challenges in achieving an understanding of biological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Thorogood
- HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ville Mustonen
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandre Aleixo
- LUOMUS Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mar Cabeza
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HELSUS Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Cairns
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika Candolin
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- LUOMUS Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jussi T Eronen
- HELSUS Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programme in Ecosystems and Environment, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- BIOS Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Hällfors
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Syke Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Juslén
- LUOMUS Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Syke Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andriy Kovalchuk
- Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo, Finland
- Onego Bio Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Kulmuni
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liisa Kuula
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raisa Mäkipää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan H Schulman
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute for Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Schulman
- LUOMUS Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Syke Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Strona
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Jarno Vanhatalo
- Research Programme in Organismal & Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Briscoe NJ, Morris SD, Mathewson PD, Buckley LB, Jusup M, Levy O, Maclean IMD, Pincebourde S, Riddell EA, Roberts JA, Schouten R, Sears MW, Kearney MR. Mechanistic forecasts of species responses to climate change: The promise of biophysical ecology. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1451-1470. [PMID: 36515542 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A core challenge in global change biology is to predict how species will respond to future environmental change and to manage these responses. To make such predictions and management actions robust to novel futures, we need to accurately characterize how organisms experience their environments and the biological mechanisms by which they respond. All organisms are thermodynamically connected to their environments through the exchange of heat and water at fine spatial and temporal scales and this exchange can be captured with biophysical models. Although mechanistic models based on biophysical ecology have a long history of development and application, their use in global change biology remains limited despite their enormous promise and increasingly accessible software. We contend that greater understanding and training in the theory and methods of biophysical ecology is vital to expand their application. Our review shows how biophysical models can be implemented to understand and predict climate change impacts on species' behavior, phenology, survival, distribution, and abundance. It also illustrates the types of outputs that can be generated, and the data inputs required for different implementations. Examples range from simple calculations of body temperature at a particular site and time, to more complex analyses of species' distribution limits based on projected energy and water balances, accounting for behavior and phenology. We outline challenges that currently limit the widespread application of biophysical models relating to data availability, training, and the lack of common software ecosystems. We also discuss progress and future developments that could allow these models to be applied to many species across large spatial extents and timeframes. Finally, we highlight how biophysical models are uniquely suited to solve global change biology problems that involve predicting and interpreting responses to environmental variability and extremes, multiple or shifting constraints, and novel abiotic or biotic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Briscoe
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane D Morris
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul D Mathewson
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marko Jusup
- Fisheries Resources Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ofir Levy
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilya M D Maclean
- School of Biosciences, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Eric A Riddell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jessica A Roberts
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rafael Schouten
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael W Sears
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Ray Kearney
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Johannesson K, Leder EH, André C, Dupont S, Eriksson SP, Harding K, Havenhand JN, Jahnke M, Jonsson PR, Kvarnemo C, Pavia H, Rafajlović M, Rödström EM, Thorndyke M, Blomberg A. Ten years of marine evolutionary biology-Challenges and achievements of a multidisciplinary research initiative. Evol Appl 2023; 16:530-541. [PMID: 36793681 PMCID: PMC9923476 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was established in 2008 through a 10-year research grant of 8.7 m€ to a team of senior researchers. Today, CeMEB members have contributed >500 scientific publications, 30 PhD theses and have organised 75 meetings and courses, including 18 three-day meetings and four conferences. What are the footprints of CeMEB, and how will the centre continue to play a national and international role as an important node of marine evolutionary research? In this perspective article, we first look back over the 10 years of CeMEB activities and briefly survey some of the many achievements of CeMEB. We furthermore compare the initial goals, as formulated in the grant application, with what has been achieved, and discuss challenges and milestones along the way. Finally, we bring forward some general lessons that can be learnt from a research funding of this type, and we also look ahead, discussing how CeMEB's achievements and lessons can be used as a springboard to the future of marine evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johannesson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Erica H Leder
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Carl André
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden.,International Atomic Energy Agency Principality of Monaco Monaco
| | - Susanne P Eriksson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Karin Harding
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jonathan N Havenhand
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Marlene Jahnke
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eva Marie Rödström
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Michael Thorndyke
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden.,Department of Genomics Research in Ecology & Evolution in Nature (GREEN) Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) De Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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5
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Low vulnerability of the Mediterranean antipatharian Antipathella subpinnata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) to ocean warming. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Block S, Maechler M, Levine JI, Alexander JM, Pellissier L, Levine JM. Ecological lags govern the pace and outcome of plant community responses to 21st-century climate change. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2156-2166. [PMID: 36028464 PMCID: PMC9804264 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the trajectories of species assemblages in response to ongoing climate change requires quantifying the time lags in the demographic and ecological processes through which climate impacts species' abundances. Since experimental climate manipulations are typically abrupt, the observed species responses may not match their responses to gradual climate change. We addressed this problem by transplanting alpine grassland turfs to lower elevations, recording species' demographic responses to climate and competition, and using these data to parameterise community dynamics models forced by scenarios of gradual climate change. We found that shifts in community structure following an abrupt climate manipulation were not simply accelerated versions of shifts expected under gradual warming, as the former missed the transient rise of species benefiting from moderate warming. Time lags in demography and species interactions controlled the pace and trajectory of changing species' abundances under simulated 21st-century climate change, and thereby prevented immediate diversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Block
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Jacob I. Levine
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Loïc Pellissier
- Department of Environmental System ScienceInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jonathan M. Levine
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
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7
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Voet HEE, Van Colen C, Vanaverbeke J. Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152194. [PMID: 34890680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the effort towards a decarbonised future, the local effects of a proliferating offshore wind farm (OWF) industry add to and interact with the global effects of marine climate change. This study aimed to quantify potential ecophysiological effects of ocean warming and acidification and to estimate and compare the cumulative clearance potential of suspended food items by OWF epifauna under current and future climate conditions. To this end, this study combined ecophysiological responses to ocean warming and acidification of three dominant colonising species on OWF artificial hard substrates (the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, the tube-building amphipod Jassa herdmani and the plumose anemone Metridium senile). In general, mortality, respiration rate and clearance rate increased during 3- to 6-week experimental exposures across all three species, except for M. senile, who exhibited a lower clearance rate in the warmed treatments (+3 °C) and an insensitivity to lowered pH (-0.3 pH units) in terms of survival and respiration rate. Ocean warming and acidification affected growth antagonistically, with elevated temperature being beneficial for M. edulis and lowered pH being beneficial for M. senile. The seawater volume potentially cleared from suspended food particles by this AHS colonising community increased significantly, extending the affected distance around an OWF foundation by 9.2% in a future climate scenario. By using an experimental multi-stressor approach, this study thus demonstrates how ecophysiology underpins functional responses to climate change in these environments, highlighting for the first time the integrated, cascading potential effects of OWFs and climate change on the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E E Voet
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Vautierstraat 29, Brussels 1000, Belgium; Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - C Van Colen
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - J Vanaverbeke
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Vautierstraat 29, Brussels 1000, Belgium; Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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8
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Lakoba VT, Welbaum GE, Seiler JR, Barney JN. A perennial invader’s seed and rhizome differ in cold tolerance and apparent local adaptation. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.70.64614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Extreme cold plays a key role in the range boundaries of plants. Winter survival is central to their persistence, but not all structures are equally susceptible to frost kill and, therefore, limiting to distributions. Furthermore, we expect intraspecific variation in cold tolerance both within and among tissue types. In a laboratory setting, we determined freezing tolerances of two overwintering propagule types – seeds and rhizomes – of the globally invasive Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), testing apparent emergence and electrolyte leakage as a proxy for cell death. We used 18 genotypes from agricultural and non-agricultural habitats spanning the climatic extremes occupied by Johnsongrass in the US. Single node rhizome fragments had an average LT90 of -5.1 °C with no significant variation based on home climate or ecotype. Seeds frozen at -85 °C suffered a decline in germinability to 10% from 25% at 22 °C. Population origin did not affect seed response to any temperature. However, non-agricultural seeds germinated more and faster than agricultural seeds from the coldest climates, with a reversed relationship among warmest origin seeds. Regardless of ecotype, seeds from the cold/dry and wet/warm sectors of Johnsongrass’s range germinated more and faster. Drastic differences in cold tolerance between seeds and rhizome and evidence for seeds’ local adaptation to land use and climate suggest that its spread is likely limited by winter rhizome survival, as well as adaptability of germination behavior to longer winters. These findings shed light on Johnsongrass’ dispersal dynamics and help identify future avenues for mechanistically understanding its range limitation.
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9
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Yousefi S, Avand M, Yariyan P, Jahanbazi Goujani H, Costache R, Tavangar S, Tiefenbacher JP. Identification of the most suitable afforestation sites by Juniperus excels specie using machine learning models: Firuzkuh semi-arid region, Iran. ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Tremblay P, MacMillan HA, Kharouba HM. Autumn larval cold tolerance does not predict the northern range limit of a widespread butterfly species. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8332-8346. [PMID: 34188890 PMCID: PMC8216912 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is driving range shifts, and a lack of cold tolerance is hypothesized to constrain insect range expansion at poleward latitudes. However, few, if any, studies have tested this hypothesis during autumn when organisms are subjected to sporadic low-temperature exposure but may not have become cold-tolerant yet. In this study, we integrated organismal thermal tolerance measures into species distribution models for larvae of the Giant Swallowtail butterfly, Papilio cresphontes (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), living at the northern edge of its actively expanding range. Cold hardiness of field-collected larvae was determined using three common metrics of cold-induced physiological thresholds: the supercooling point, critical thermal minimum, and survival following cold exposure. P. cresphontes larvae were determined to be tolerant of chilling but generally die at temperatures below their SCP, suggesting they are chill-tolerant or modestly freeze-avoidant. Using this information, we examined the importance of low temperatures at a broad scale, by comparing species distribution models of P. cresphontes based only on environmental data derived from other sources to models that also included the cold tolerance parameters generated experimentally. Our modeling revealed that growing degree-days and precipitation best predicted the distribution of P. cresphontes, while the cold tolerance variables did not explain much variation in habitat suitability. As such, the modeling results were consistent with our experimental results: Low temperatures in autumn are unlikely to limit the distribution of P. cresphontes. Understanding the factors that limit species distributions is key to predicting how climate change will drive species range shifts.
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11
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Rugiu L, de Wit P, Kostian I, Jormalainen V. Climate change driven hyposalinity as a selective agent in the littoral mesoherbivore Idotea balthica. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 163:105216. [PMID: 33227618 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will include a decrease in seawater salinity in the Baltic Sea. We quantified the effects of the projected future desalination on survival of the early life stage of the littoral herbivore Idotea balthica. We collected egg-bearing Idotea from three range-margin Baltic Sea populations, we exposed half of each brood to either current (6‰) or future salinity (3.5‰). We genotyped a subsample of each brood to analyse patterns of allelic change and to identify genomic regions targeted by selection. The survival was overall reduced by hyposalinity and broods varied in response to hyposalinity implying genetic variation in tolerance, with a stronger decrease in genetic diversity in future salinity. Finally, we identified proteins with crucial roles in basic cellular functions. This study indicates that projected future northern Baltic Sea hyposalinity will not just hamper I. balthica survival, but its selective pressure may also affect genetic diversity and cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rugiu
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden.
| | - Pierre de Wit
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Iita Kostian
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Veijo Jormalainen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Finland
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12
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Vaughan IP, Gotelli NJ. Using Climatic Credits to Pay the Climatic Debt. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 36:104-112. [PMID: 33129587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms are accumulating climatic debt as they respond more slowly than expected to rising global temperatures, leading to disequilibrium of species diversity with contemporary climate. The resulting transient dynamics are complex and may cause overoptimistic biodiversity assessments. We propose a simple budget framework to integrate climatic debt with two classes of intervention: (i) climatic credits that pay some of the debt, reducing the overall biological change required to reach a new equilibrium; and (ii) options to adjust the debt repayment rate, either making a system more responsive by increasing the rate or temporarily reducing the rate to buy more time for local adaptation and credit implementation. We illustrate how this budget can be created and highlight limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Vaughan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Calleja F, Ondiviela B, Puente A, Juanes JA. Can seedlings' physiological information improve vegetation distribution predictions at local scales? Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schratzberger M, Somerfield PJ. Effects of widespread human disturbances in the marine environment suggest a new agenda for meiofauna research is needed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138435. [PMID: 32570325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The response of an ecological community to a disturbance event, and its capacity to recover, are of major interest to ecologists, especially at a time of increasing frequencies and intensities of environmental change brought about by humans. Meiofauna, a group of small-sized organisms, are an abundant and ubiquitous component of seafloor communities that respond rapidly to environmental change. We summarise the available research on the response of metazoan meiofauna to the most widespread anthropogenic disturbances in the marine environment, including bottom fishing, the introduction of invasive species and anthropogenic climate change. We show that disturbance effects on habitats interact critically with effects on resident meiofauna species. Their responses are consistent with competitive replacement, where disparate disturbance effects on competing species drive shifts in dominance and intra- and interspecific interactions. The widespread replacement of habitat-specific ecological specialists by broadly-adapted ecological generalists and opportunists results in biotic and functional homogenisation of once disparate biotas. Anthropogenic disturbances may facilitate novel interactions among meiofauna species, and between meiofauna and other benthic organisms, but the number and breadth of these interactions is likely to be limited. Knowledge about the dependence of meiofauna species on their environment and on other benthic species has been growing. Future studies will be most meaningful if this knowledge is expanded alongside understanding the potential of locally adapted species to respond to shifts in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Schratzberger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Collaborative Centre for Sustainable Use of the Seas, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul J Somerfield
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom
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De Wit P, Jonsson PR, Pereyra RT, Panova M, André C, Johannesson K. Spatial genetic structure in a crustacean herbivore highlights the need for local considerations in Baltic Sea biodiversity management. Evol Appl 2020; 13:974-990. [PMID: 32431747 PMCID: PMC7232771 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating species' eco-evolutionary responses to human-caused disturbances remains a challenge in marine management efforts. A prerequisite is knowledge of geographic structure and scale of genetic diversity and connectivity-the so-called seascape genetic patterns. The Baltic Sea is an excellent model system for studies linking seascape genetics with effects of anthropogenic stress. However, seascape genetic patterns in this area are only described for a few species and are completely unknown for invertebrate herbivores, which constitute a critical part of the ecosystem. This information is crucial for sustainable management, particularly under future scenarios of rapid environmental change. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure among 31 locations throughout the Baltic Sea, of which 45% were located in marine protected areas, in one of the most important herbivores of this region, the isopod crustacean Idotea balthica, using an array of 33,774 genome-wide SNP markers derived from 2b-RAD sequencing. In addition, we generate a biophysical connectivity matrix for I. balthica from a combination of oceanographic current models and estimated life history traits. We find population structure on scales of hundreds of kilometers across the Baltic Sea, where genomic patterns in most cases closely match biophysical connectivity, indicating passive transport with oceanographic currents as an important mean of dispersal in this species. We also find a reduced genetic diversity in terms of heterozygosity along the main salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea, suggesting periods of low population size. Our results provide crucial information for the management of a key ecosystem species under expected changes in temperature and salinity following global climate change in a marine coastal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre De Wit
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
| | - Per R. Jonsson
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
- Environmental and Marine BiologyÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFinland
| | | | - Marina Panova
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
| | - Carl André
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgTjärnöSweden
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Begam MM, Chowdhury R, Sutradhar T, Mukherjee C, Chatterjee K, Basak SK, Ray K. Forecasting mangrove ecosystem degradation utilizing quantifiable eco-physiological resilience -A study from Indian Sundarbans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6683. [PMID: 32317761 PMCID: PMC7174328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sundarbans mangrove forest, the world's largest continuous mangrove forests expanding across India and Bangladesh, in recent times, is immensely threatened by degradation stress due to natural stressors and anthropogenic disturbances. The degradation across the 19 mangrove forests in Indian Sundarbans was evaluated by eight environmental criteria typical to mangrove ecosystem. In an attempt to find competent predictors for mangrove ecosystem degradation, key eco-physiological resilience trait complex specific for mangroves from 4922 individuals for physiological analyses with gene expression and 603 individuals for leaf tissue distributions from 16 mangroves and 15 associate species was assessed along the degradation gradient. The degradation data was apparently categorized into four and CDFA discriminates 97% of the eco-physiological resilience data into corresponding four groups. Predictive Bayesian regression models and mixed effects models indicate osmolyte accumulation and thickness of water storage tissue as primary predictors of each of the degradation criteria that appraise the degradation status of mangrove ecosystem. RDA analyses well represented response variables of degradation explained by explanatory resilience variables. We hypothesize that with the help of our predictive models the policy makers could trace even the cryptic process of mangrove degradation and save the respective forests in time by proposing appropriate action plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Momtaj Begam
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Rajojit Chowdhury
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Tapan Sutradhar
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Chandan Mukherjee
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Kiranmoy Chatterjee
- Department of Statistics, Bidhannagar College, Salt Lake City, Sector 1, Block EB, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Basak
- Sarat Centenary College, Dhaniakhali, Hooghly, 712302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Krishna Ray
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata, 700126, India.
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Comparing and synthesizing quantitative distribution models and qualitative vulnerability assessments to project marine species distributions under climate change. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231595. [PMID: 32298349 PMCID: PMC7161985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution shifts are a widely reported biological consequence of climate-driven warming across marine ecosystems, creating ecological and social challenges. To meet these challenges and inform management decisions, we need accurate projections of species distributions. Quantitative species distribution models (SDMs) are routinely used to make these projections, while qualitative climate change vulnerability assessments are becoming more common. We constructed SDMs, compared SDM projections to expectations from a qualitative expert climate change vulnerability assessment, and developed a novel approach for combining the two methods to project the distribution and relative biomass of 49 marine species in the Northeast Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem under a “business as usual” climate change scenario. A forecasting experiment using SDMs highlighted their ability to capture relative biomass patterns fairly well (mean Pearson’s correlation coefficient between predicted and observed biomass = 0.24, range = 0–0.6) and pointed to areas needing improvement, including reducing prediction error and better capturing fine-scale spatial variability. SDM projections suggest the region will undergo considerable biological changes, especially in the Gulf of Maine, where commercially-important groundfish and traditional forage species are expected to decline as coastal fish species and warmer-water forage species historically found in the southern New England/Mid-Atlantic Bight area increase. The SDM projections only occasionally aligned with vulnerability assessment expectations, with agreement more common for species with adult mobility and population growth rates that showed low sensitivity to climate change. Although our blended approach tried to build from the strengths of each method, it had no noticeable improvement in predictive ability over SDMs. This work rigorously evaluates the predictive ability of SDMs, quantifies expected species distribution shifts under future climate conditions, and tests a new approach for integrating SDMs and vulnerability assessments to help address the complex challenges arising from climate-driven species distribution shifts.
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Nilsen EB, Bowler DE, Linnell JDC. Exploratory and confirmatory research in the open science era. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana E. Bowler
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
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Barboza FR, Kotta J, Weinberger F, Jormalainen V, Kraufvelin P, Molis M, Schubert H, Pavia H, Nylund GM, Kautsky L, Schagerström E, Rickert E, Saha M, Fredriksen S, Martin G, Torn K, Ruuskanen A, Wahl M. Geographic variation in fitness-related traits of the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus along the Baltic Sea-North Sea salinity gradient. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9225-9238. [PMID: 31463018 PMCID: PMC6706220 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of the ongoing global intensification and diversification of human pressures, the study of variation patterns of biological traits along environmental gradients can provide relevant information on the performance of species under shifting conditions. The pronounced salinity gradient, co-occurrence of multiple stressors, and accelerated rates of change make the Baltic Sea and its transition to North Sea a suitable region for this type of study. Focusing on the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus, one of the main foundation species on hard-bottoms of the Baltic Sea, we analyzed the phenotypic variation among populations occurring along 2,000 km of coasts subjected to salinities from 4 to >30 and a variety of other stressors. Morphological and biochemical traits, including palatability for grazers, were recorded at 20 stations along the Baltic Sea and four stations in the North Sea. We evaluated in a common modeling framework the relative contribution of multiple environmental drivers to the observed trait patterns. Salinity was the main and, in some cases, the only environmental driver of the geographic trait variation in F. vesiculosus. The decrease in salinity from North Sea to Baltic Sea stations was accompanied by a decline in thallus size, photosynthetic pigments, and energy storage compounds, and affected the interaction of the alga with herbivores and epibiota. For some traits, drivers that vary locally such as wave exposure, light availability or nutrient enrichment were also important. The strong genetic population structure in this macroalgae might play a role in the generation and maintenance of phenotypic patterns across geographic scales. In light of our results, the desalination process projected for the Baltic Sea could have detrimental impacts on F. vesiculosus in areas close to its tolerance limit, affecting ecosystem functions such as habitat formation, primary production, and food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine InstituteUniversity of TartuTallinnEstonia
| | | | | | - Patrik Kraufvelin
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal ResearchSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesÖregrundSweden
| | - Markus Molis
- Alfred‐Wegener‐InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | | | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Göran M. Nylund
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | - Lena Kautsky
- Baltic Sea CentreStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ellen Schagerström
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Plant SciencesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Esther Rickert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
| | - Mahasweta Saha
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
- Marine Ecology and BiodiversityPlymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
| | | | - Georg Martin
- Estonian Marine InstituteUniversity of TartuTallinnEstonia
| | - Kaire Torn
- Estonian Marine InstituteUniversity of TartuTallinnEstonia
| | | | - Martin Wahl
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
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