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Xin L, Emir U. Editorial for "Human Brain Deuterium Metabolic Imaging at 7 T: Impact of Different [6,6'- 2H 2]Glucose Doses". J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39087605 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uzay Emir
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Ettedgui J, Yamamoto K, Blackman B, Koyasu N, Raju N, Vasalatiy O, Merkle H, Chekmenev EY, Goodson BM, Krishna MC, Swenson RE. In vivo Metabolic Sensing of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate in Mice Using a Recyclable Perfluorinated Iridium Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407349. [PMID: 38829568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Real-time visualization of metabolic processes in vivo provides crucial insights into conditions like cancer and metabolic disorders. Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), by amplifying the signal of pyruvate molecules through hyperpolarization, enables non-invasive monitoring of metabolic fluxes, aiding in understanding disease progression and treatment response. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) presents a simpler, cost-effective alternative to dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, eliminating the need for expensive equipment and complex procedures. We present the first in vivo demonstration of metabolic sensing in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model compared to healthy mice. A novel perfluorinated Iridium SABRE catalyst in a fluorinated solvent and methanol blend facilitated this breakthrough with a 1.2-fold increase in [1-13C]pyruvate SABRE hyperpolarization. The perfluorinated moiety allowed easy separation of the heavy-metal-containing catalyst from the hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate target. The perfluorinated catalyst exhibited recyclability, maintaining SABRE-SHEATH activity through subsequent hyperpolarization cycles with minimal activity loss after the initial two cycles. Remarkably, the catalyst retained activity for at least 10 cycles, with a 3.3-fold decrease in hyperpolarization potency. This proof-of-concept study encourages wider adoption of SABRE hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR for studying in vivo metabolism, aiding in diagnosing stages and monitoring treatment responses in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ettedgui
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Burchelle Blackman
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Norikazu Koyasu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
| | - Hellmut Merkle
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, United States
| | - Boyd M Goodson
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Sciences and Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, United States
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 10 Center Drive Maryland, 20814, United States
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, United States
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Chaumeil MM, Bankson JA, Brindle KM, Epstein S, Gallagher FA, Grashei M, Guglielmetti C, Kaggie JD, Keshari KR, Knecht S, Laustsen C, Schmidt AB, Vigneron D, Yen YF, Schilling F. New Horizons in Hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:222-232. [PMID: 38147265 PMCID: PMC10972948 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization techniques significantly enhance the sensitivity of magnetic resonance (MR) and thus present fascinating new directions for research and applications with in vivo MR imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S). Hyperpolarized 13C MRI/S, in particular, enables real-time non-invasive assessment of metabolic processes and holds great promise for a diverse range of clinical applications spanning fields like oncology, neurology, and cardiology, with a potential for improving early diagnosis of disease, patient stratification, and therapy response assessment. Despite its potential, technical challenges remain for achieving clinical translation. This paper provides an overview of the discussions that took place at the international workshop "New Horizons in Hyperpolarized 13C MRI," in March 2023 at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Munich, Germany. The workshop covered new developments, as well as future directions, in topics including polarization techniques (particularly focusing on parahydrogen-based methods), novel probes, considerations related to data acquisition and analysis, and emerging clinical applications in oncology and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Guglielmetti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Schmidt
- Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstr. 5a, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Daniel Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Fen Yen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sarkar D, Saha S, Krishnamoorthy J, Bhunia A. Application of singular value decomposition analysis: Insights into the complex mechanisms of amyloidogenesis. Biophys Chem 2024; 306:107157. [PMID: 38184980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Amyloidogenesis, with its multifaceted nature spanning from peptide self-assembly to membrane-mediated structural transitions, presents a significant challenge for the interdisciplinary scientific community. Here, we emphasize on how Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) can be employed to reveal hidden patterns and dominant modes of interaction that govern the complex process of amyloidogenesis. We first utilize SVD analysis on Circular Dichroism (CD) spectral datasets to identify the intermediate structural species emerging during peptide-membrane interactions and to determine binding constants more precisely than conventional methods. We investigate the monomer loss kinetics associated with peptide self-assembly using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) dataset and determine the global kinetic parameters through SVD. Furthermore, we explore the seeded growth of amyloid fibrils by analyzing a time-dependent NMR dataset, shedding light on the kinetic intricacies of this process. Our analysis uncovers two distinct states in the aggregation of Aβ40 and pinpoints key residues responsible for this seeded growth. To strengthen our findings and enhance their robustness, we validate those using simulated data, thereby highlighting the physical interpretations derived from SVD. Overall, SVD analysis offers a model-free, global kinetic perspective, enabling the selection of optimal kinetic models. This study not only contributes valuable insights into the dynamics but also highlights the versatility of SVD in unravelling complex processes of amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibakar Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sector V, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sector V, Kolkata 700 091, India
| | | | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sector V, Kolkata 700 091, India.
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Stewart NJ, Higano NS, Mukthapuram S, Willmering MM, Loew W, West M, Arnsperger A, Pratt R, Rao MR, Schulte RF, Wild JM, Woods JC. Initial feasibility and challenges of hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2420-2431. [PMID: 37526031 PMCID: PMC10629838 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The underlying functional and microstructural lung disease in neonates who are born preterm (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD) remains poorly characterized. Moreover, there is a lack of suitable techniques to reliably assess lung function in this population. Here, we report our preliminary experience with hyperpolarized 129 Xe MRI in neonates with BPD. METHODS Neonatal intensive care patients with established BPD were recruited (N = 9) and imaged at a corrected gestational age of median:40.7 (range:37.1, 44.4) wk using a 1.5T neonatal scanner. 2D 129 Xe ventilation and diffusion-weighted images and dissolved phase spectroscopy were acquired, alongside 1 H 3D radial UTE. 129 Xe images were acquired during a series of short apneic breath-holds (˜3 s). 1 H UTE images were acquired during tidal breathing. Ventilation defects were manually identified and qualitatively compared to lung structures on UTE. ADCs were calculated on a voxel-wise basis. The signal ratio of the 129 Xe red blood cell (RBC) and tissue membrane (M) resonances from spectroscopy was determined. RESULTS Spiral-based 129 Xe ventilation imaging showed good image quality and sufficient sensitivity to detect mild ventilation abnormalities in patients with BPD. 129 Xe ADC values were elevated above that expected given healthy data in older children and adults (median:0.046 [range:0.041, 0.064] cm2 s-1 ); the highest value obtained from an extremely pre-term patient. 129 Xe spectroscopy revealed a low RBC/M ratio (0.14 [0.06, 0.21]). CONCLUSION We have demonstrated initial feasibility of 129 Xe lung MRI in neonates. With further data, the technique may help guide management of infant lung diseases in the neonatal period and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Pulmonary Medicine and Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nara S Higano
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Pulmonary Medicine and Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shanmukha Mukthapuram
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- The Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew M Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Pulmonary Medicine and Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Wolfgang Loew
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael West
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Pulmonary Medicine and Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Anita Arnsperger
- Division of Respiratory Care, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald Pratt
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Madhwesha R Rao
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Jim M Wild
- POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Pulmonary Medicine and Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Dziadosz M, Rizzo R, Kyathanahally SP, Kreis R. Denoising single MR spectra by deep learning: Miracle or mirage? Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1749-1761. [PMID: 37332185 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The inherently poor SNR of MRS measurements presents a significant hurdle to its clinical application. Denoising by machine or deep learning (DL) was proposed as a remedy. It is investigated whether such denoising leads to lower estimate uncertainties or whether it essentially reduces noise in signal-free areas only. METHODS Noise removal based on supervised DL with U-nets was implemented using simulated 1 H MR spectra of human brain in two approaches: (1) via time-frequency domain spectrograms and (2) using 1D spectra as input. Quality of denoising was evaluated in three ways: (1) by an adapted fit quality score, (2) by traditional model fitting, and (3) by quantification via neural networks. RESULTS Visually appealing spectra were obtained; hinting that denoising is well-suited for MRS. However, an adapted denoising score showed that noise removal is inhomogeneous and more efficient for signal-free areas. This was confirmed by quantitative analysis of traditional fit results as well as DL quantitation following DL denoising. DL denoising, although apparently successful as judged by mean squared errors, led to substantially biased estimates in both implementations. CONCLUSION The implemented DL-based denoising techniques may be useful for display purposes, but do not help quantitative evaluations, confirming expectations based on estimation theory: Cramér Rao lower bounds defined by the original data and the appropriate fitting model cannot be circumvented in an unbiased way for single data sets, unless additional prior knowledge can be incurred in the form of parameter restrictions/relations or applicable substates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Dziadosz
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rudy Rizzo
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sreenath P Kyathanahally
- Department System Analysis, Integrated Assessment and Modelling, Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Brender JR, Assmann JC, Farthing DE, Saito K, Kishimoto S, Warrick KA, Maglakelidze N, Larus TL, Merkle H, Gress RE, Krishna MC, Buxbaum NP. In vivo deuterium magnetic resonance imaging of xenografted tumors following systemic administration of deuterated water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14699. [PMID: 37679461 PMCID: PMC10485001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo deuterated water (2H2O) labeling leads to deuterium (2H) incorporation into biomolecules of proliferating cells and provides the basis for its use in cell kinetics research. We hypothesized that rapidly proliferating cancer cells would become preferentially labeled with 2H and, therefore, could be visualized by deuterium magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) following a brief period of in vivo systemic 2H2O administration. We initiated systemic 2H2O administration in two xenograft mouse models harboring either human colorectal, HT-29, or pancreatic, MiaPaCa-2, tumors and 2H2O level of ~ 8% in total body water (TBW). Three schemas of 2H2O administration were tested: (1) starting at tumor seeding and continuing for 7 days of in vivo growth with imaging on day 7, (2) starting at tumor seeding and continuing for 14 days of in vivo growth with imaging on day 14, and (3) initiation of labeling following a week of in vivo tumor growth and continuing until imaging was performed on day 14. Deuterium chemical shift imaging of the tumor bearing limb and contralateral control was performed on either day 7 of 14 after tumor seeding, as described. After 14 days of in vivo tumor growth and 7 days of systemic labeling with 2H2O, a clear deuterium contrast was demonstrated between the xenografts and normal tissue. Labeling in the second week after tumor implantation afforded the highest contrast between neoplastic and healthy tissue in both models. Systemic labeling with 2H2O can be used to create imaging contrast between tumor and healthy issue, providing a non-radioactive method for in vivo cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julian C Assmann
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Don E Farthing
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keita Saito
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathrynne A Warrick
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natella Maglakelidze
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terri L Larus
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hellmut Merkle
- Laboratory for Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nataliya P Buxbaum
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Graham JWC, Jeon P, Théberge J, Palaniyappan L. Non-linear variations in glutamate dynamics during a cognitive task engagement in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 332:111640. [PMID: 37121089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of glutamate in psychosis, we employ functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy at an ultra-high magnetic field (7T) and employ fuzzy-approximate entropy (F-ApEn) and Hurst Exponent (HE) to capture time-varying nature of glutamate signaling during a cognitive task. We recruited thirty first-episode psychosis patients (FEP) with age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) and administered the Color-Word Stroop paradigm, providing 128 raw MRS time-points per subject over a period of 16 min. We then performed metabolite quantification of glutamate in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region reliably activated during the Stroop task. Symptoms/cognitive functioning was measured using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-8 score, Social and Occupational Functioning (SOFAS) score, digit symbol) coding score, and Stroop accuracy. These scores were related to the Entropy/HE data from the overall glutamate time-series. Patients with FEP had significantly higher HE compared to HC, with individuals displaying significantly higher HE having lower functional performance (SOFAS) in both HC and FEP groups. Among healthy individuals, higher HE also indicated significantly lower cognitive function through Stroop accuracy and DSST scores. F-ApEn had an inverse Pearson correlation with HE, and tracked diagnosis, cognition and function as expected, but with lower effect sizes not reaching statistical significance. We demonstrate notable diagnostic differences in the temporal course of glutamate signaling during a cognitive task in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W C Graham
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Jeon
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Minami N, Hong D, Taglang C, Batsios G, Gillespie AM, Viswanath P, Stevers N, Barger CJ, Costello JF, Ronen SM. Hyperpolarized δ-[1- 13C]gluconolactone imaging visualizes response to TERT or GABPB1 targeting therapy for glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5190. [PMID: 36997627 PMCID: PMC10063634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TERT promoter mutations are a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM). Accordingly, TERT and GABPB1, a subunit of the upstream mutant TERT promoter transcription factor GABP, are being considered as promising therapeutic targets in GBM. We recently reported that the expression of TERT or GABP1 modulates flux via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Here, we investigated whether 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of hyperpolarized (HP) δ- [1-13C]gluconolactone can serve to image the reduction in PPP flux following TERT or GABPB1 silencing. We investigated two different human GBM cell lines stably expressing shRNAs targeting TERT or GABPB1, as well as doxycycline-inducible shTERT or shGABPB1cells. MRS studies were performed on live cells and in vivo tumors, and dynamic sets of 13C MR spectra were acquired following injection of HP δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone. HP 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PG), the product of δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone via the PPP, was significantly reduced in TERT or GABPB1-silenced cells or tumors compared to controls in all our models. Furthermore, a positive correlation between TERT expression and 6PG levels was observed. Our data indicate that HP δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone, an imaging tool with translational potential, could serve to monitor TERT expression and its silencing with therapies that target either TERT or GABPB1 in mutant TERT promoter GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Minami
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Donghyun Hong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Celine Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas Stevers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Carter J Barger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Olesen JL, Ianus A, Østergaard L, Shemesh N, Jespersen SN. Tensor denoising of multidimensional MRI data. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1160-1172. [PMID: 36219475 PMCID: PMC10092037 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a denoising strategy leveraging redundancy in high-dimensional data. THEORY AND METHODS The SNR fundamentally limits the information accessible by MRI. This limitation has been addressed by a host of denoising techniques, recently including the so-called MPPCA: principal component analysis of the signal followed by automated rank estimation, exploiting the Marchenko-Pastur distribution of noise singular values. Operating on matrices comprised of data patches, this popular approach objectively identifies noise components and, ideally, allows noise to be removed without introducing artifacts such as image blurring, or nonlocal averaging. The MPPCA rank estimation, however, relies on a large number of noise singular values relative to the number of signal components to avoid such ill effects. This condition is unlikely to be met when data patches and therefore matrices are small, for example due to spatially varying noise. Here, we introduce tensor MPPCA (tMPPCA) for the purpose of denoising multidimensional data, such as from multicontrast acquisitions. Rather than combining dimensions in matrices, tMPPCA uses each dimension of the multidimensional data's inherent tensor-structure to better characterize noise, and to recursively estimate signal components. RESULTS Relative to matrix-based MPPCA, tMPPCA requires no additional assumptions, and comparing the two in a numerical phantom and a multi-TE diffusion MRI data set, tMPPCA dramatically improves denoising performance. This is particularly true for small data patches, suggesting that tMPPCA can be especially beneficial in such cases. CONCLUSIONS The MPPCA denoising technique can be extended to high-dimensional data with improved performance for smaller patch sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Olesen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andrada Ianus
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sune N Jespersen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Lam F, Peng X, Liang ZP. High-Dimensional MR Spatiospectral Imaging by Integrating Physics-Based Modeling and Data-Driven Machine Learning: Current progress and future directions. IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE 2023; 40:101-115. [PMID: 37538148 PMCID: PMC10398845 DOI: 10.1109/msp.2022.3203867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) offers a unique molecular window into the physiological and pathological processes in the human body. However, the applications of MRSI have been limited by a number of long-standing technical challenges due to high dimensionality and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Recent technological developments integrating physics-based modeling and data-driven machine learning that exploit unique physical and mathematical properties of MRSI signals have demonstrated impressive performance in addressing these challenges for rapid, high-resolution, quantitative MRSI. This paper provides a systematic review of these progresses in the context of MRSI physics and offers perspectives on promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801 USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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12
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Hong D, Kim Y, Mushti C, Minami N, Wu J, Cherukuri MK, Swenson RE, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM. Monitoring response to a clinically relevant IDH inhibitor in glioma-Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy approaches. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad143. [PMID: 38024238 PMCID: PMC10681661 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDHmut) catalyzes 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production and is considered a therapeutic target for IDHmut tumors. However, response is mostly associated with inhibition of tumor growth. Response assessment via anatomic imaging is therefore challenging. Our goal was to directly detect IDHmut inhibition using a new hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based approach to noninvasively assess α-ketoglutarate (αKG) metabolism to 2HG and glutamate. Methods We studied IDHmut-expressing normal human astrocyte (NHAIDH1mut) cells and rats with BT257 tumors, and assessed response to the IDHmut inhibitor BAY-1436032 (n ≥ 4). We developed a new 13C Echo Planar Spectroscopic Imaging sequence with an optimized RF pulse to monitor the fate of HP [1-13C]αKG and [5-12C,1-13C]αKG with a 2.5 × 2.5 × 8 mm3 spatial resolution. Results Cell studies confirmed that BAY-1436032-treatment leads to a drop in HP 2HG and an increase in HP glutamate detectable with both HP substrates. Data using HP [5-12C,1-13C]αKG also demonstrated that its conversion to 2HG is detectable without the proximal 1.1% natural abundance [5-13C]αKG signal. In vivo studies showed that glutamate is produced in normal brains but no 2HG is detectable. In tumor-bearing rats, we detected the production of both 2HG and glutamate, and BAY-1436032-treatment led to a drop in 2HG and an increase in glutamate. Using HP [5-12C,1-13C]αKG we detected metabolism with an signal-to-noise ratio of 23 for 2HG and 17 for glutamate. Conclusions Our findings point to the clinical potential of HP αKG, which recently received FDA investigational new drug approval for research, for noninvasive localized imaging of IDHmut status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Hong
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Noriaki Minami
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rolf E Swenson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Brain Tumor Research Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Chen HY, Bok RA, Cooperberg MR, Nguyen HG, Shinohara K, Westphalen AC, Wang ZJ, Ohliger MA, Gebrezgiabhier D, Carvajal L, Gordon JW, Larson PEZ, Aggarwal R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Improving multiparametric MR-transrectal ultrasound guided fusion prostate biopsies with hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate metabolic imaging: A technical development study. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2609-2620. [PMID: 35975978 PMCID: PMC9794017 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop techniques and establish a workflow using hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13 C) MRI and the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate (kPL ) biomarker to guide MR-transrectal ultrasound fusion prostate biopsies. METHODS The integrated multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) exam consisted of a 1-min hyperpolarized 13 C-pyruvate EPI acquisition added to a conventional prostate mpMRI exam. Maps of kPL values were calculated, uploaded to a picture archiving and communication system and targeting platform, and displayed as color overlays on T2 -weighted anatomic images. Abdominal radiologists identified 13 C research biopsy targets based on the general recommendation of focal lesions with kPL >0.02(s-1 ), and created a targeting report for each study. Urologists conducted transrectal ultrasound-guided MR fusion biopsies, including the standard 1 H-mpMRI targets as well as 12-14 core systematic biopsies informed by the research 13 C-kPL targets. All biopsy results were included in the final pathology report and calculated toward clinical risk. RESULTS This study demonstrated the safety and technical feasibility of integrating hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic targeting into routine 1 H-mpMRI and transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy workflows, evaluated via 5 men (median age 71 years, prostate-specific antigen 8.4 ng/mL, Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score 2) on active surveillance undergoing integrated scan and subsequent biopsies. No adverse event was reported. Median turnaround time was less than 3 days from scan to 13 C-kPL targeting, and scan-to-biopsy time was 2 weeks. Median number of 13 C targets was 1 (range: 1-2) per patient, measuring 1.0 cm (range: 0.6-1.9) in diameter, with a median kPL of 0.0319 s-1 (range: 0.0198-0.0410). CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept work demonstrated the safety and feasibility of integrating hyperpolarized 13 C MR biomarkers to the standard mpMRI workflow to guide MR-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Matthew R. Cooperberg
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Hao G. Nguyen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Katsuto Shinohara
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Antonio C. Westphalen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Zhen J. Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Daniel Gebrezgiabhier
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California United States
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14
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Jeon YJ, Park SE, Chang KA, Baek HM. Signal-to-Noise Ratio Enhancement of Single-Voxel In Vivo 31P and 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Mice Brain Data Using Low-Rank Denoising. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121191. [PMID: 36557229 PMCID: PMC9782548 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive technique for measuring metabolite concentration. It can be used for preclinical small animal brain studies using rodents to provide information about neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. However, data acquisition from small volumes in a limited scan time is technically challenging due to its inherently low sensitivity. To mitigate this problem, this study investigated the feasibility of a low-rank denoising method in enhancing the quality of single voxel multinuclei (31P and 1H) MRS data at 9.4 T. Performance was evaluated using in vivo MRS data from a normal mouse brain (31P and 1H) and stroke mouse model (1H) by comparison with signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs), and metabolite concentrations of a linear combination of model analysis results. In 31P MRS data, low-rank denoising resulted in improved SNRs and reduced metabolite quantification uncertainty compared with the original data. In 1H MRS data, the method also improved the SNRs, CRLBs, but it performed better for 31P MRS data with relatively simpler patterns compared to the 1H MRS data. Therefore, we suggest that the low-rank denoising method can improve spectra SNR and metabolite quantification uncertainty in single-voxel in vivo 31P and 1H MRS data, and it might be more effective for 31P MRS data. The main contribution of this study is that we demonstrated the effectiveness of the low-rank denoising method on small-volume single-voxel MRS data. We anticipate that our results will be useful for the precise quantification of low-concentration metabolites, further reducing data acquisition voxel size, and scan time in preclinical MRS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Eui Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(32)-8996678
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15
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Mosso J, Simicic D, Şimşek K, Kreis R, Cudalbu C, Jelescu IO. MP-PCA denoising for diffusion MRS data: promises and pitfalls. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119634. [PMID: 36150605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suffers from a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional MRS owing to the addition of diffusion attenuation. This technique can therefore strongly benefit from noise reduction strategies. In the present work, Marchenko-Pastur principal component analysis (MP-PCA) denoising is tested on Monte Carlo simulations and on in vivo DW-MRS data acquired at 9.4 T in rat brain and at 3 T in human brain. We provide a descriptive study of the effects observed following different MP-PCA denoising strategies (denoising the entire matrix versus using a sliding window), in terms of apparent SNR, rank selection, noise correlation within and across b-values and quantification of metabolite concentrations and fitted diffusion coefficients. MP-PCA denoising yielded an increased apparent SNR, a more accurate B0 drift correction between shots, and similar estimates of metabolite concentrations and diffusivities compared to the raw data. No spectral residuals on individual shots were observed but correlations in the noise level across shells were introduced, an effect which was mitigated using a sliding window, but which should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Mosso
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Dunja Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; LIFMET, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kadir Şimşek
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Kreis
- Magnetic Resonance Methodology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ileana O Jelescu
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Vaziri S, Autry AW, Lafontaine M, Kim Y, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Hu JY, Lupo JM, Chang SM, Clarke JL, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Bush NAO, Xu D, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Li Y. Assessment of higher-order singular value decomposition denoising methods on dynamic hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate MRI data from patients with glioma. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103155. [PMID: 36007439 PMCID: PMC9421383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time metabolic conversion of intravenously-injected hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate in the brain can be measured using dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-13C) MRI. However, voxel-wise evaluation of metabolism in patients with glioma is challenged by the limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of downstream 13C metabolites, especially within lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) denoising methods to enhance dynamic HP [1-13C]pyruvate MRI data acquired from patients with glioma. METHODS Dynamic HP-13C MRI were acquired from 14 patients with glioma. The effects of two HOSVD denoising techniques, tensor rank truncation-image enhancement (TRI) and global-local HOSVD (GL-HOSVD), on the SNR and kinetic modeling were analyzed in [1-13C]lactate data with simulated noise that matched the levels of [13C]bicarbonate signals. Both methods were then evaluated in patient data based on their ability to improve [1-13C]pyruvate, [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate SNR. The effects of denoising on voxel-wise kinetic modeling of kPL and kPB was also evaluated. The number of voxels with reliable kinetic modeling of pyruvate-to-lactate (kPL) and pyruvate-to-bicarbonate (kPB) conversion rates within regions of interest (ROIs) before and after denoising was then compared. RESULTS Both denoising methods improved metabolite SNR and regional signal coverage. In patient data, the average increase in peak dynamic metabolite SNR was 2-fold using TRI and 4-5 folds using GL-HOSVD denoising compared to acquired data. Denoising reduced kPL modeling errors from a native average of 23% to 16% (TRI) and 15% (GL-HOSVD); and kPB error from 42% to 34% (TRI) and 37% (GL-HOSVD) (values were averaged voxelwise over all datasets). In contrast-enhancing lesions, the average number of voxels demonstrating within-tolerance kPL modeling error relative to the total voxels increased from 48% in the original data to 84% (TRI) and 90% (GL-HOSVD), while the number of voxels showing within-tolerance kPB modeling error increased from 0% to 15% (TRI) and 8% (GL-HOSVD). CONCLUSION Post-processing denoising methods significantly improved the SNR of dynamic HP-13C imaging data, resulting in a greater number of voxels satisfying minimum SNR criteria and maximum kinetic modeling errors in tumor lesions. This enhancement can aid in the voxel-wise analysis of HP-13C data and thereby improve monitoring of metabolic changes in patients with glioma following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Vaziri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adam W Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marisa Lafontaine
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jasmine Y Hu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Ann Oberheim Bush
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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17
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Stamatelatou A, Scheenen TWJ, Heerschap A. Developments in proton MR spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:645-665. [PMID: 35445307 PMCID: PMC9363347 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the developments of 1H-MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) methods designed to investigate prostate cancer, covering key aspects such as specific hardware, dedicated pulse sequences for data acquisition and data processing and quantification techniques. Emphasis is given to recent advancements in MRSI methodologies, as well as future developments, which can lead to overcome difficulties associated with commonly employed MRSI approaches applied in clinical routine. This includes the replacement of standard PRESS sequences for volume selection, which we identified as inadequate for clinical applications, by sLASER sequences and implementation of 1H MRSI without water signal suppression. These may enable a new evaluation of the complementary role and significance of MRSI in prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Stamatelatou
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Hsieh CY, Sung CH, Shen YL(E, Lai YC, Lu KY, Lin G. Developing a Method to Estimate the Downstream Metabolite Signals from Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5480. [PMID: 35897987 PMCID: PMC9332172 DOI: 10.3390/s22155480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI has the advantage of allowing the study of glycolytic flow in vivo or in vitro dynamically in real-time. The apparent exchange rate constant of a metabolite dynamic signal reflects the metabolite changes of a disease. Downstream metabolites can have a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), causing apparent exchange rate constant inconsistencies. Thus, we developed a method that estimates a more accurate metabolite signal. This method utilizes a kinetic model and background noise to estimate metabolite signals. Simulations and in vitro studies with photon-irradiated and control groups were used to evaluate the procedure. Simulated and in vitro exchange rate constants estimated using our method were compared with the raw signal values. In vitro data were also compared to the Area-Under-Curve (AUC) of the cell medium in 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). In the simulations and in vitro experiments, our technique minimized metabolite signal fluctuations and maintained reliable apparent exchange rate constants. In addition, the apparent exchange rate constants of the metabolites showed differences between the irradiation and control groups after using our method. Comparing the in vitro results obtained using our method and NMR, both solutions showed consistency when uncertainty was considered, demonstrating that our method can accurately measure metabolite signals and show how glycolytic flow changes. The method enhanced the signals of the metabolites and clarified the metabolic phenotyping of tumor cells, which could benefit personalized health care and patient stratification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Hsieh
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.S.)
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Sung
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (C.-H.S.)
| | - Yi-Liang (Eric) Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Ying Lu
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Gigin Lin
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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19
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Saito Y, Yatabe H, Tamura I, Kondo Y, Ishida R, Seki T, Hiraga K, Eguchi A, Takakusagi Y, Saito K, Oshima N, Ishikita H, Yamamoto K, Krishna MC, Sando S. Structure-guided design enables development of a hyperpolarized molecular probe for the detection of aminopeptidase N activity in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj2667. [PMID: 35353577 PMCID: PMC8967239 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a cutting-edge technique that markedly enhances the detection sensitivity of molecules using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This methodology enables real-time imaging of dynamic metabolic status in vivo using MRI. To expand the targetable metabolic reactions, there is a demand for developing exogenous, i.e., artificially designed, DNP-NMR molecular probes; however, complying with the requirements of practical DNP-NMR molecular probes is challenging because of the lack of established design guidelines. Here, we report Ala-[1-13C]Gly-d2-NMe2 as a DNP-NMR molecular probe for in vivo detection of aminopeptidase N activity. We developed this probe rationally through precise structural investigation, calculation, biochemical assessment, and advanced molecular design to achieve rapid and detectable responses to enzyme activity in vivo. With the fabricated probe, we successfully detected enzymatic activity in vivo. This report presents a comprehensive approach for the development of artificially derived, practical DNP-NMR molecular probes through structure-guided molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Saito
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yatabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Iori Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Akihiro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Quantum Hyperpolarized MRI Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science (iQLS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science (iQMS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage, Chiba-city 263-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Nobu Oshima
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Corresponding author. (M.C.K.); (S.S.)
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20
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Huang J, Lai JHC, Han X, Chen Z, Xiao P, Liu Y, Chen L, Xu J, Chan KWY. Sensitivity schemes for dynamic glucose-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to detect glucose uptake and clearance in mouse brain at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4640. [PMID: 34750891 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated three dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) MRI methods for sensitively monitoring glucose uptake and clearance in both brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at clinical field strength (3 T). By comparing three sequences, namely, Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG), on-resonance variable delay multipulse (onVDMP), and on-resonance spin-lock (onSL), a high-sensitivity DGE MRI scheme with truncated multilinear singular value decomposition (MLSVD) denoising was proposed. The CPMG method showed the highest sensitivity in detecting the parenchymal DGE signal among the three methods, while both onVDMP and onSL were more robust for CSF DGE imaging. Here, onVDMP was applied for CSF imaging, as it displayed the best stability of the DGE results in this study. The truncated MLSVD denoising method was incorporated to further improve the sensitivity. The proposed DGE MRI scheme was examined in mouse brain with 50%/25%/12.5% w/w D-glucose injections. The results showed that this combination could detect DGE signal changes from the brain parenchyma and CSF with as low as a 12.5% w/w D-glucose injection. The proposed DGE MRI schemes could sensitively detect the glucose signal change from brain parenchyma and CSF after D-glucose injection at a clinically relevant concentration, demonstrating high potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph H C Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiongqi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Mandal PK, Guha Roy R, Samkaria A, Maroon JC, Arora Y. In Vivo 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Assessing Brain Biochemistry in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1183-1201. [PMID: 35089504 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that contributes to the elucidation of brain biochemistry. 13C MRS enables the detection of specific neurochemicals and their neuroenergetic correlation with neuronal function. The synergistic outcome of 13C MRS and the infusion of 13C-labeled substrates provide an understanding of neurometabolism and the role of glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Moreover, 13C MRS provides a window into the altered flux rate of different pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the glutamate/glutamine/GABA cycle, in health and in various diseases. Notably, the metabolic flux rate of the TCA cycle often decreases in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, 13C MRS can be used to investigate several psychiatric and neurological disorders as it directly reflects the real-time production and alterations of key brain metabolites. This review aims to highlight the chronology, the technological advancements, and the applications of 13C MRS in various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India.
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yashika Arora
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Gurgaon, India
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22
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Brender JR, Saida Y, Devasahayam N, Krishna MC, Kishimoto S. Hypoxia Imaging As a Guide for Hypoxia-Modulated and Hypoxia-Activated Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:144-159. [PMID: 34428981 PMCID: PMC8856011 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Oxygen imaging techniques, which can probe the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of tumor oxygenation, could be of significant clinical utility in radiation treatment planning and in evaluating the effectiveness of hypoxia-activated prodrugs. To fulfill these goals, oxygen imaging techniques should be noninvasive, quantitative, and capable of serial imaging, as well as having sufficient temporal resolution to detect the dynamics of tumor oxygenation to distinguish regions of chronic and acute hypoxia. Recent Advances: No current technique meets all these requirements, although all have strengths in certain areas. The current status of positron emission tomography (PET)-based hypoxia imaging, oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 19F MRI, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry are reviewed along with their strengths and weaknesses for planning hypoxia-guided, intensity-modulated radiation therapy and detecting treatment response for hypoxia-targeted prodrugs. Critical Issues: Spatial and temporal resolution emerges as a major concern for these areas along with specificity and quantitative response. Although multiple oxygen imaging techniques have reached the investigative stage, clinical trials to test the therapeutic effectiveness of hypoxia imaging have been limited. Future Directions: Imaging elements of the redox environment besides oxygen by EPR and hyperpolarized MRI may have a significant impact on our understanding of the basic biology of the reactive oxygen species response and may extend treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Saida
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nallathamby Devasahayam
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Stewart NJ, Sato T, Takeda N, Hirata H, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Imaging Tissue Redox State, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:81-94. [PMID: 34218688 PMCID: PMC8792501 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-labeled redox-sensitive metabolic tracers can provide noninvasive functional imaging biomarkers, reflecting tissue redox state, oxidative stress, and inflammation, among others. The capability to use endogenous metabolites as 13C-enriched imaging tracers without structural modification makes HP 13C MRI a promising tool to evaluate redox state in patients with various diseases. Recent Advances: Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled tracers polarized by parahydrogen-induced polarization techniques, which offer a cost-effective alternative to the more widely used dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-based hyperpolarizers. Critical Issues: Although the fluxes of many metabolic pathways reflect the change in tissue redox state, they are not functionally specific. In the present review, we summarize recent challenges in the development of specific 13C metabolic tracers for biomarkers of redox state, including that for detecting reactive oxygen species. Future Directions: Applications of HP 13C metabolic MRI to evaluate redox state have only just begun to be investigated. The possibility to gain a comprehensive understanding of the correlations between tissue redox potential and metabolism under different pathological conditions by using HP 13C MRI is promoting its interest in the clinical arena, along with its noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate the extent of disease and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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24
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Guo R, Wang T, Zhang Y, Chrostek M, Low WC, Zhu XH, Liang ZP, Chen W. Machine Learning-Enabled High-Resolution Dynamic Deuterium MR Spectroscopic Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:3879-3890. [PMID: 34319872 PMCID: PMC8675063 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (DMRSI) has recently been recognized as a potentially powerful tool for noninvasive imaging of brain energy metabolism and tumor. However, the low sensitivity of DMRSI has significantly limited its utility for both research and clinical applications. This work presents a novel machine learning-based method to address this limitation. The proposed method synergistically integrates physics-based subspace modeling and data-driven deep learning for effective denoising, making high-resolution dynamic DMRSI possible. Specifically, a novel subspace model was used to represent the dynamic DMRSI signals; deep neural networks were trained to capture the low-dimensional manifolds of the spectral and temporal distributions of practical dynamic DMRSI data. The learned subspace and manifold structures were integrated via a regularization formulation to remove measurement noise. Theoretical analysis, computer simulations, and in vivo experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the denoising efficacy of the proposed method which enabled high-resolution imaging capability. The translational potential was demonstrated in tumor-bearing rats, where the Warburg effect associated with cancer metabolism and tumor heterogeneity were successfully captured. The new method may not only provide an effective tool to enhance the sensitivity of DMRSI for basic research and clinical applications but also provide a framework for denoising other spatiospectral data.
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25
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AbuSalim JE, Yamamoto K, Miura N, Blackman B, Brender JR, Mushti C, Seki T, Camphausen KA, Swenson RE, Krishna MC, Kesarwala AH. Simple Esterification of [1- 13C]-Alpha-Ketoglutarate Enhances Membrane Permeability and Allows for Noninvasive Tracing of Glutamate and Glutamine Production. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2144-2150. [PMID: 34554724 PMCID: PMC9107957 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) is a key metabolite and signaling molecule in cancer cells, but the low permeability of α-KG limits the study of α-KG mediated effects in vivo. Recently, cell-permeable monoester and diester α-KG derivatives have been synthesized for use in vivo, but many of these derivatives are not compatible for use in hyperpolarized carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-13C-MRS). HP-13C-MRS is a powerful technique that has been used to noninvasively trace labeled metabolites in real time. Here, we show that using diethyl-[1-13C]-α-KG as a probe in HP-13C-MRS allows for noninvasive tracing of α-KG metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. AbuSalim
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Natsuko Miura
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Burchelle Blackman
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Chandrasekhar Mushti
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kevin A. Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Aparna H. Kesarwala
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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26
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Hong D, Batsios G, Viswanath P, Gillespie AM, Vaidya M, Larson PEZ, Ronen SM. Acquisition and quantification pipeline for in vivo hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1673-1687. [PMID: 34775639 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to combine a specialized acquisition method with a new quantification pipeline to accurately and efficiently probe the metabolism of hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled compounds in vivo. In this study, we tested our approach on [2-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]α-ketoglutarate data in rat orthotopic brain tumor models at 3T. METHODS We used a multiband metabolite-specific radiofrequency (RF) excitation in combination with a variable flip angle scheme to minimize substrate polarization loss and measure fast metabolic processes. We then applied spectral-temporal denoising using singular value decomposition to enhance spectral quality. This was combined with LCModel-based automatic 13 C spectral fitting and flip angle correction to separate overlapping signals and rapidly quantify the different metabolites. RESULTS Denoising improved the metabolite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by approximately 5. It also improved the accuracy of metabolite quantification as evidenced by a significant reduction of the Cramer Rao lower bounds. Furthermore, the use of the automated and user-independent LCModel-based quantification approach could be performed rapidly, with the kinetic quantification of eight metabolite peaks in a 12-spectrum array achieved in less than 1 minute. CONCLUSION The specialized acquisition method combined with denoising and a new quantification pipeline using LCModel for the first time for hyperpolarized 13 C data enhanced our ability to monitor the metabolism of [2-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]α-ketoglutarate in rat orthotopic brain tumor models in vivo. This approach could be broadly applicable to other hyperpolarized agents both preclinically and in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Hong
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manushka Vaidya
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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27
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Lee PM, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Zhu Z, Larson PE, Dwork N, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Ohliger MA, Wang ZJ, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Bok RA, Aggarwal R, Munster PN, Vigneron DB. Specialized computational methods for denoising, B 1 correction, and kinetic modeling in hyperpolarized 13 C MR EPSI studies of liver tumors. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2402-2411. [PMID: 34216051 PMCID: PMC8565779 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel post-processing pipeline for hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C MRSI that integrates tensor denoising and B 1 + correction to measure pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rates (kPL ) in patients with liver tumors. METHODS Seven HP 13 C MR scans of progressing liver tumors were acquired using a custom 13 C surface transmit/receive coil and the echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) data analysis included B0 correction, tensor rank truncation, and zero- and first-order phase corrections to recover metabolite signals that would otherwise be obscured by spectral noise as well as a correction for inhomogeneous transmit ( B 1 + ) using a B 1 + map aligned to the coil position for each patient scan. Processed HP data and corrected flip angles were analyzed with an inputless two-site exchange model to calculate kPL . RESULTS Denoising averages SNR increases of pyruvate, lactate, and alanine were 37.4-, 34.0-, and 20.1-fold, respectively, with lactate and alanine dynamics most noticeably recovered and better defined. In agreement with Monte Carlo simulations, over-flipped regions underestimated kPL and under-flipped regions overestimated kPL . B 1 + correction addressed this issue. CONCLUSION The new HP 13 C EPSI post-processing pipeline integrated tensor denoising and B 1 + correction to measure kPL in patients with liver tumors. These technical developments not only recovered metabolite signals in voxels that did not receive the prescribed flip angle, but also increased the extent and accuracy of kPL estimations throughout the tumor and adjacent regions including normal-appearing tissue and additional lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Lee
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zihan Zhu
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E.Z. Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhen J. Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela N. Munster
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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28
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Clarke WT, Chiew M. Uncertainty in denoising of MRSI using low-rank methods. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:574-588. [PMID: 34545962 PMCID: PMC7612041 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-rank denoising of MRSI data results in an apparent increase in spectral SNR. However, it is not clear if this translates to a lower uncertainty in metabolite concentrations after spectroscopic fitting. Estimation of the true uncertainty after denoising is desirable for downstream analysis in spectroscopy. In this work, the uncertainty reduction from low-rank denoising methods based on spatiotemporal separability and linear predictability in MRSI are assessed. A new method for estimating metabolite concentration uncertainty after denoising is proposed. Automatic rank threshold selection methods are also assessed in simulated low SNR regimes. METHODS Assessment of denoising methods is conducted using Monte Carlo simulation of proton MRSI data and by reproducibility of repeated in vivo acquisitions in 5 subjects. RESULTS In simulated and in vivo data, spatiotemporal based denoising is shown to reduce the concentration uncertainty, but linear prediction denoising increases uncertainty. Uncertainty estimates provided by fitting algorithms after denoising consistently underestimate actual metabolite uncertainty. However, the proposed uncertainty estimation, based on an analytical expression for entry-wise variance after denoising, is more accurate. It is also shown automated rank threshold selection using Marchenko-Pastur distribution can bias the data in low SNR conditions. An alternative soft-thresholding function is proposed. CONCLUSION Low-rank denoising methods based on spatiotemporal separability do reduce uncertainty in MRS(I) data. However, thorough assessment is needed as assessment by SNR measured from residual baseline noise is insufficient given the presence of non-uniform variance. It is also important to select the right rank thresholding method in low SNR cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Chiew
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Markovic S, Roussel T, Agemy L, Sasson K, Preise D, Scherz A, Frydman L. Deuterium MRSI characterizations of glucose metabolism in orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4569. [PMID: 34137085 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and mapping metabolism in tissues represents a major step in detecting, characterizing, treating and understanding cancers. Recently introduced deuterium metabolic imaging techniques could offer a noninvasive route for the metabolic imaging of animals and humans, based on using 2 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to detect the uptake of deuterated glucose and the fate of its metabolic products. In this study, 2 H6,6' -glucose was administered to mice cohorts that had been orthotopically implanted with two different models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), involving PAN-02 and KPC cell lines. As the tumors grew, 2 H6,6' -glucose was administered as bolii into the animals' tail veins, and 2 H MRSI images were recorded at 15.2 T. 2D phase-encoded chemical shift imaging experiments could detect a signal from this deuterated glucose immediately after the bolus injection for both the PDAC models, reaching a maximum in the animals' tumors ~ 20 min following administration, and nearly total decay after ~ 40 min. The main metabolic reporter of the cancers was the 2 H3,3' -lactate signal, which MRSI could detect and localize on the tumors when these were 5 mm or more in diameter. Lactate production time traces varied slightly with the animal and tumor model, but in general lactate peaked at times of 60 min or longer following injection, reaching concentrations that were ~ 10-fold lower than those of the initial glucose injection. This 2 H3,3' -lactate signal was only visible inside the tumors. 2 H-water could also be detected as deuterated glucose's metabolic product, increasing throughout the entire time course of the experiment from its ≈10 mM natural abundance background. This water resonance could be imaged throughout the entire abdomen of the animals, including an enhanced presence in the tumor, but also in other organs like the kidney and bladder. These results suggest that deuterium MRSI may serve as a robust, minimally invasive tool for the monitoring of metabolic activity in pancreatic tumors, capable of undergoing clinical translation and supporting decisions concerning treatment strategies. Comparisons with in vivo metabolic MRI experiments that have been carried out in other animal models are presented and their differences/similarities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Markovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tangi Roussel
- Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, Marseille, France
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dina Preise
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Simultaneous Recording of the Uptake and Conversion of Glucose and Choline in Tumors by Deuterium Metabolic Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164034. [PMID: 34439188 PMCID: PMC8394025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors increase their glucose and choline uptake to support growth. These properties are employed to detect and identify tumors in the body by imaging the uptake of radio-isotope analogs of these compounds. In this study we show that deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) (a new MRI method to image metabolites using non-radioactive labeling with deuterium) can image choline uptake in tumors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DMI can image the tumor uptake of choline and glucose (and additionally its metabolic conversion) simultaneously, in contrast to radio-isotope imaging, which only assesses the uptake of one radio-isotope labeled compound at a time. For these reasons (and also because DMI is relatively simple and can be combined with other MR methods), it is a promising modality for a more specific tumor characterization than by separate imaging of the uptake of radio-isotope labeled glucose or choline. Abstract Increased glucose and choline uptake are hallmarks of cancer. We investigated whether the uptake and conversion of [2H9]choline alone and together with that of [6,6′-2H2]glucose can be assessed in tumors via deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) after administering these compounds. Therefore, tumors with human renal carcinoma cells were grown subcutaneously in mice. Isoflurane anesthetized mice were IV infused in the MR magnet for ~20 s with ~0.2 mL solutions containing either [2H9]choline (0.05 g/kg) alone or together with [6,6′-2H2]glucose (1.3 g/kg). 2H MR was performed on a 11.7T MR system with a home-built 2H/1H coil using a 90° excitation pulse and 400 ms repetition time. 3D DMI was recorded at high resolution (2 × 2 × 2 mm) in 37 min or at low resolution (3.7 × 3.7 × 3.7 mm) in 2:24 min. Absolute tissue concentrations were calculated assuming natural deuterated water [HOD] = 13.7 mM. Within 5 min after [2H9]choline infusion, its signal appeared in tumor spectra representing a concentration increase to 0.3–1.2 mM, which then slowly decreased or remained constant over 100 min. In plasma, [2H9]choline disappeared within 15 min post-infusion, implying that its signal arises from tumor tissue and not from blood. After infusing a mixture of [2H9]choline and [6,6′-2H2]glucose, their signals were observed separately in tumor 2H spectra. Over time, the [2H9]choline signal broadened, possibly due to conversion to other choline compounds, [[6,6′-2H2]glucose] declined, [HOD] increased and a lactate signal appeared, reflecting glycolysis. Metabolic maps of 2H compounds, reconstructed from high resolution DMIs, showed their spatial tumor accumulation. As choline infusion and glucose DMI is feasible in patients, their simultaneous detection has clinical potential for tumor characterization.
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Liu KX, Everdell E, Pal S, Haas-Kogan DA, Milligan MG. Harnessing Lactate Metabolism for Radiosensitization. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672339. [PMID: 34367959 PMCID: PMC8343095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to promote cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Alterations in the lactate pathway have been characterized in diverse cancers, correlate with outcomes, and lead to many downstream effects, including decreasing oxidative stress, promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, lipid synthesis, and building chemo- or radio-resistance. Radiotherapy is a key modality of treatment for many cancers and approximately 50% of patients with cancer will receive radiation for cure or palliation; thus, overcoming radio-resistance is important for improving outcomes. Growing research suggests that important molecular controls of the lactate pathway may serve as novel therapeutic targets and in particular, radiosensitizers. In this mini-review, we will provide an overview of lactate metabolism in cancer, discuss three important contributors to lactate metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, monocarboxylate transporters, and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier), and present data that inhibition of these three pathways can lead to radiosensitization. Future research is needed to further understand critical regulators of lactate metabolism and explore clinical safety and efficacy of inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase, monocarboxylate transporters, and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier alone and in combination with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin X Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Sharmistha Pal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daphne A Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael G Milligan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Shaul D, Grieb B, Sapir G, Uppala S, Sosna J, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R. The metabolic representation of ischemia in rat brain slices: A hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance study. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4509. [PMID: 33774865 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ischemic penumbra in stroke is not clearly defined by today's available imaging tools. This study aimed to develop a model system and noninvasive biomarkers of ischemic brain tissue for an examination that might potentially be performed in humans, very quickly, in the course of stroke triage. Perfused rat brain slices were used as a model system and 31 P spectroscopy verified that the slices were able to recover from an ischemic insult of about 3.5 min of perfusion arrest. This was indicated as a return to physiological pH and adenosine triphosphate levels. Instantaneous changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities were monitored and quantified by the metabolic conversions of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate and [13 C]bicarbonate, respectively, using 13 C spectroscopy. In a control group (n = 8), hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate was administered during continuous perfusion of the slices. In the ischemia group (n = 5), the perfusion was arrested 30 s prior to administration of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and perfusion was not resumed throughout the measurement time (approximately 3.5 min). Following about 110 s of the ischemic insult, LDH activity increased by 80.4 ± 13.5% and PDH activity decreased by 47.8 ± 25.3%. In the control group, the mean LDH/PDH ratio was 16.6 ± 3.3, and in the ischemia group, the LDH/PDH ratio reached an average value of 38.7 ± 16.9. The results suggest that monitoring the activity of LDH and PDH, and their relative activities, using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate, could serve as an imaging biomarker to characterize the changes in the ischemic penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shaul
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Grieb
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I (Weissenau), Ulm University, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Gal Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sivaranjan Uppala
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Sosna
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Peters DC, Markovic S, Bao Q, Preise D, Sasson K, Agemy L, Scherz A, Frydman L. Improving deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) signal-to-noise ratio by spectroscopic multi-echo bSSFP: A pancreatic cancer investigation. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2604-2617. [PMID: 34196041 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) maps the uptake of deuterated precursors and their conversion into lactate and other markers of tumor metabolism. Even after leveraging 2 H's short T1 s, DMI's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is limited. We hypothesize that a multi-echo balanced steady-state free precession (ME-bSSFP) approach would increase SNR compared to chemical shift imaging (CSI), while achieving spectral isolation of the metabolic precursors and products. METHODS Suitably tuned 2 H ME-bSSFP (five echo times [TEs], ΔTE = 2.2 ms, repetition time [TR]/flip-angle = 12 ms/60°) was implemented at 15.2T and compared to CSI (TR/flip-angle = 95 ms/90°) regarding SNR and spectral isolation, in simulations, in deuterated phantoms and for the in vivo diagnosis of a mouse tumor model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (N = 10). RESULTS Simulations predicted an SNR increase vs. CSI of 3-5, and that the peaks of 2 H-water, 2 H6,6' -glucose, and 2 H3,3' -lactate can be well isolated by ME-bSSFP; phantoms confirmed this. In vivo, at equal spatial resolution (1.25 × 1.25 mm2 ) and scan time (10 min), 2 H6,6' -glucose's and 2 H3,3' -lactate's SNR were indeed higher for bSSFP than for CSI, three-fold for glucose (57 ± 30 vs. 19 ± 11, P < .001), doubled for water (13 ± 5 vs. 7 ± 3, P = .005). The time courses and overall localization of all metabolites agreed well, comparing CSI against ME-bSSFP. However, a clearer localization of glucose in kidneys and bladder, the detection of glucose-avid rims in certain tumors, and a heterogeneous pattern of intra-tumor lactate production could only be observed using ME-bSSFP's higher resolution. CONCLUSIONS ME-bSSFP provides greater SNR per unit time than CSI, providing for higher spatial resolution mapping of glucose uptake and lactate production in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Peters
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefan Markovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dina Preise
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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34
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Kim Y, Chen HY, Autry AW, Villanueva-Meyer J, Chang SM, Li Y, Larson PEZ, Brender JR, Krishna MC, Xu D, Vigneron DB, Gordon JW. Denoising of hyperpolarized 13 C MR images of the human brain using patch-based higher-order singular value decomposition. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2497-2511. [PMID: 34173268 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve hyperpolarized 13 C (HP-13 C) MRI by image denoising with a new approach, patch-based higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). METHODS The benefit of using a patch-based HOSVD method to denoise dynamic HP-13 C MR imaging data was investigated. Image quality and the accuracy of quantitative analyses following denoising were evaluated first using simulated data of [1-13 C]pyruvate and its metabolic product, [1-13 C]lactate, and compared the results to a global HOSVD method. The patch-based HOSVD method was then applied to healthy volunteer HP [1-13 C]pyruvate EPI studies. Voxel-wise kinetic modeling was performed on both non-denoised and denoised data to compare the number of voxels quantifiable based on SNR criteria and fitting error. RESULTS Simulation results demonstrated an 8-fold increase in the calculated SNR of [1-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]lactate with the patch-based HOSVD denoising. The voxel-wise quantification of kPL (pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate) showed a 9-fold decrease in standard errors for the fitted kPL after denoising. The patch-based denoising performed superior to the global denoising in recovering kPL information. In volunteer data sets, [1-13 C]lactate and [13 C]bicarbonate signals became distinguishable from noise across captured time points with over a 5-fold apparent SNR gain. This resulted in >3-fold increase in the number of voxels quantifiable for mapping kPB (pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion rate) and whole brain coverage for mapping kPL . CONCLUSIONS Sensitivity enhancement provided by this denoising significantly improved quantification of metabolite dynamics and could benefit future studies by improving image quality, enabling higher spatial resolution, and facilitating the extraction of metabolic information for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaewon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam W Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Javier Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Feuerecker B, Biechl P, Veltkamp C, Saur D, Eisenreich W. Metabolic Response of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells under Treatment with Dichloroacetate. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060350. [PMID: 34070873 PMCID: PMC8228235 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern oncology, the analysis and evaluation of treatment response are still challenging. Hence, we used a 13C-guided approach to study the impacts of the small molecule dichloroacetate (DCA) upon the metabolic response of pancreatic cancer cells. Two different oncogenic PI3K-driven pancreatic cancer cell lines, 9580 and 10,158, respectively, were treated with 75 mM DCA for 18 h. In the presence of [U-13C6]glucose, the effects of DCA treatment in the core carbon metabolism were analyzed in these cells using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 13C-enrichments and isotopologue profiles of key amino acids revealed considerable effects of the DCA treatment upon glucose metabolism. The DCA treatment of the two pancreatic cell lines resulted in a significantly decreased incorporation of [U-13C6]glucose into the amino acids alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, proline and serine in treated, but not in untreated, cancer cells. For both cell lines, the data indicated some activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase with increased carbon flux via the TCA cycle, but also massive inhibition of glycolytic flux and amino acid biosynthesis presumably by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTORC axis. Together, it appears worthwhile to study the early treatment response in DCA-guided or accompanied cancer therapy in more detail, since it could open new avenues for improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site München, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (W.E.)
| | - Philipp Biechl
- Bavarian NMR Center—Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Christian Veltkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (C.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; (C.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center—Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany;
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (W.E.)
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Francischello R, Geppi M, Flori A, Vasini EM, Sykora S, Menichetti L. Application of low-rank approximation using truncated singular value decomposition for noise reduction in hyperpolarized 13 C NMR spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4285. [PMID: 32125739 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization allows in vivo studies of metabolic flux using 13 C-hyperpolarized tracers by enhancing signal intensity by up to four orders of magnitude. The T1 for in vivo applications is typically in the range of 10-50 s for the different 13 C-enriched metabolic substrates; the exponential loss of polarization due to various relaxation mechanisms leads to a strong reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A common solution to the problem of low SNR is the accumulation/averaging of consecutive spectra. However, some limitations related to long delays between consecutive scans occur: in particular, following biochemical kinetics and estimate apparent enzymatic constants becomes time critical when measurement scans are repeated with the typical delay of about 3 T1 . Here we propose a method to dramatically reduce the noise, and therefore also the acquisition times, by computing, via truncated singular value decomposition, a low-rank approximation to the individual complex time-domain signals. Moreover, this approach has the additional advantage that the phase correction can be applied to the spectra already denoised, thus greatly reducing phase correction errors. We have tested the method on (1) simulated data; (2) performing dissolution of hyperpolarized 1-13 C-pyruvate in standard conditions and (3) in vivo data sets, using a porcine model injected with hyperpolarized Na-1-13 C-acetate. It was shown that the presented method reduces the noise level in all the experimental data sets, allowing the retrieval of signals from highly noisy data without any prior phase correction pre-processing. The effects of the proposed approach on the quantification of metabolic kinetics parameters have to be shown by full quantification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Francischello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Geppi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - A Flori
- Fondazione CNR/Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Bioengineering and Clinical Engineering, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - S Sykora
- Extra Byte, Castano Primo, Milan, Italy
| | - L Menichetti
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Vaeggemose M, F. Schulte R, Laustsen C. Comprehensive Literature Review of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI: The Road to Clinical Application. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040219. [PMID: 33916803 PMCID: PMC8067176 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the development of hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 metabolic MRI from the early days to the present with a focus on clinical applications. The status and upcoming challenges of translating HP carbon-13 into clinical application are reviewed, along with the complexity, technical advancements, and future directions. The road to clinical application is discussed regarding clinical needs and technological advancements, highlighting the most recent successes of metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI. Given the current state of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI, the conclusion of this review is that the workflow for hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is the limiting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaeggemose
- GE Healthcare, 2605 Brondby, Denmark;
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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38
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Feuerecker B, Biechl P, Seidl C, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Schwaiger M, Eisenreich W. Diverse metabolic response of cancer cells treated with a 213Bi-anti-EGFR-immunoconjugate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6227. [PMID: 33737524 PMCID: PMC7973706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of treatment response is among the major challenges in modern oncology. We herein used a monoclonal antibody targeting the EGF receptor (EGFR) labelled with the alpha emitter 213Bi (213Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb). EJ28Luc (bladder) and LN18 (glioma) cancer cells, both overexpressing EGFR, were incubated for 3 h with the radioimmunoconjugate. To assess the responses in the core carbon metabolism upon this treatment, these cancer cell lines were subsequently cultivated for 18 h in the presence of [U-13C6]glucose. 13C-enrichment and isotopologue profiles of key amino acids were monitored by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS), in order to monitor the impacts of the radionuclide-treatment upon glucose metabolism. In comparison to untreated controls, treatment of EJ28Luc cells with 213Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb resulted in a significantly decreased incorporation of 13C from [U-13C6]glucose into alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, proline and serine. In sharp contrast, the same amino acids did not display less 13C-enrichments during treatment of the LN18 cells. The data indicate early treatment response of the bladder cancer cells, but not of the glioma cells though cell lines were killed following 213Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb treatment. The pilot study shows that the 13C-labelling approach is a valid tool to assess the responsiveness of cancer cells upon radionuclide-treatment in considerable metabolic detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Heidelberg, partnersite München and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Philipp Biechl
- Department of Chemistry, Bavarian NMR Center-Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Christof Seidl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Bavarian NMR Center-Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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Masmudi-Martín M, Zhu L, Sanchez-Navarro M, Priego N, Casanova-Acebes M, Ruiz-Rodado V, Giralt E, Valiente M. Brain metastasis models: What should we aim to achieve better treatments? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:79-99. [PMID: 33321154 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is emerging as a unique entity in oncology based on its particular biology and, consequently, the pharmacological approaches that should be considered. We discuss the current state of modelling this specific progression of cancer and how these experimental models have been used to test multiple pharmacologic strategies over the years. In spite of pre-clinical evidences demonstrating brain metastasis vulnerabilities, many clinical trials have excluded patients with brain metastasis. Fortunately, this trend is getting to an end given the increasing importance of secondary brain tumors in the clinic and a better knowledge of the underlying biology. We discuss emerging trends and unsolved issues that will shape how we will study experimental brain metastasis in the years to come.
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Ruiz-Rodado V, Brender JR, Cherukuri MK, Gilbert MR, Larion M. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the study of cns malignancies. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 122:23-41. [PMID: 33632416 PMCID: PMC7910526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive research, brain tumors are amongst the malignancies with the worst prognosis; therefore, a prompt diagnosis and thoughtful assessment of the disease is required. The resistance of brain tumors to most forms of conventional therapy has led researchers to explore the underlying biology in search of new vulnerabilities and biomarkers. The unique metabolism of brain tumors represents one potential vulnerability and the basis for a system of classification. Profiling this aberrant metabolism requires a method to accurately measure and report differences in metabolite concentrations. Magnetic resonance-based techniques provide a framework for examining tumor tissue and the evolution of disease. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis of biofluids collected from patients suffering from brain cancer can provide biological information about disease status. In particular, urine and plasma can serve to monitor the evolution of disease through the changes observed in the metabolic profiles. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid can be utilized as a direct reporter of cerebral activity since it carries the chemicals exchanged with the brain tissue and the tumor mass. Metabolic reprogramming has recently been included as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Accordingly, the metabolic rewiring experienced by these tumors to sustain rapid growth and proliferation can also serve as a potential therapeutic target. The combination of 13C tracing approaches with the utilization of different NMR spectral modalities has allowed investigations of the upregulation of glycolysis in the aggressive forms of brain tumors, including glioblastomas, and the discovery of the utilization of acetate as an alternative cellular fuel in brain metastasis and gliomas. One of the major contributions of magnetic resonance to the assessment of brain tumors has been the non-invasive determination of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in tumors harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). The mutational status of this enzyme already serves as a key feature in the clinical classification of brain neoplasia in routine clinical practice and pilot studies have established the use of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for monitoring disease progression and treatment response in IDH mutant gliomas. However, the development of bespoke methods for 2HG detection by MRS has been required, and this has prevented the wider implementation of MRS methodology into the clinic. One of the main challenges for improving the management of the disease is to obtain an accurate insight into the response to treatment, so that the patient can be promptly diverted into a new therapy if resistant or maintained on the original therapy if responsive. The implementation of 13C hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has allowed detection of changes in tumor metabolism associated with a treatment, and as such has been revealed as a remarkable tool for monitoring response to therapeutic strategies. In summary, the application of magnetic resonance-based methodologies to the diagnosis and management of brain tumor patients, in addition to its utilization in the investigation of its tumor-associated metabolic rewiring, is helping to unravel the biological basis of malignancies of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ruiz-Rodado
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States.
| | - Jeffery R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Murali K Cherukuri
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mioara Larion
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, United States.
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Assmann JC, Farthing DE, Saito K, Maglakelidze N, Oliver B, Warrick KA, Sourbier C, Ricketts CJ, Meyer TJ, Pavletic SZ, Linehan WM, Krishna MC, Gress RE, Buxbaum NP. Glycolytic metabolism of pathogenic T cells enables early detection of GVHD by 13C-MRI. Blood 2021; 137:126-137. [PMID: 32785680 PMCID: PMC7808015 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a prominent barrier to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Definitive diagnosis of GVHD is invasive, and biopsies of involved tissues pose a high risk of bleeding and infection. T cells are central to GVHD pathogenesis, and our previous studies in a chronic GVHD mouse model showed that alloreactive CD4+ T cells traffic to the target organs ahead of overt symptoms. Because increased glycolysis is an early feature of T-cell activation, we hypothesized that in vivo metabolic imaging of glycolysis would allow noninvasive detection of liver GVHD as activated CD4+ T cells traffic into the organ. Indeed, hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging detected high rates of conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the liver ahead of animals becoming symptomatic, but not during subsequent overt chronic GVHD. Concomitantly, CD4+ T effector memory cells, the predominant pathogenic CD4+ T-cell subset, were confirmed to be highly glycolytic by transcriptomic, protein, metabolite, and ex vivo metabolic activity analyses. Preliminary data from single-cell sequencing of circulating T cells in patients undergoing AHSCT also suggested that increased glycolysis may be a feature of incipient acute GVHD. Metabolic imaging is being increasingly used in the clinic and may be useful in the post-AHSCT setting for noninvasive early detection of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Don E Farthing
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch and
| | - Keita Saito
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Carole Sourbier
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Thomas J Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and
| | - Steven Z Pavletic
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunotherapy Branch and
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Reed GD, Korn NJ, Laustsen C, von Morze C. Analysis Methods for Hyperpolarized Carbon ( 13C) MRI of the Kidney. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:697-710. [PMID: 33476032 PMCID: PMC9703216 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C MR is a novel medical imaging modality with substantially different signal dynamics as compared to conventional 1H MR, thus requiring new methods for processing the data in order to access and quantify the embedded metabolic and functional information. Here we describe step-by-step analysis protocols for functional renal hyperpolarized 13C imaging. These methods are useful for investigating renal blood flow and function as well as metabolic status of rodents in vivo under various experimental physiological conditions.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalie J Korn
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Chen HY, Autry AW, Brender JR, Kishimoto S, Krishna MC, Vareth M, Bok RA, Reed GD, Carvajal L, Gordon JW, van Criekinge M, Korenchan DE, Chen AP, Xu D, Li Y, Chang SM, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB. Tensor image enhancement and optimal multichannel receiver combination analyses for human hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:3351-3365. [PMID: 32501614 PMCID: PMC7718428 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the initiation of human hyperpolarized 13 C (HP-13 C) trials at multiple sites and the development of improved acquisition methods, there is an imminent need to maximally extract diagnostic information to facilitate clinical interpretation. This study aims to improve human HP-13 C MR spectroscopic imaging through means of Tensor Rank truncation-Image enhancement (TRI) and optimal receiver combination (ORC). METHODS A data-driven processing framework for dynamic HP 13 C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) was developed. Using patient data sets acquired with both multichannel arrays and single-element receivers from the brain, abdomen, and pelvis, we examined the theory and application of TRI, as well as 2 ORC techniques: whitened singular value decomposition (WSVD) and first-point phasing. Optimal conditions for TRI were derived based on bias-variance trade-off. RESULTS TRI and ORC techniques together provided a 63-fold mean apparent signal-to-noise ratio (aSNR) gain for receiver arrays and a 31-fold gain for single-element configurations, which particularly improved quantification of the lower-SNR-[13 C]bicarbonate and [1-13 C]alanine signals that were otherwise not detectable in many cases. Substantial SNR enhancements were observed for data sets that were acquired even with suboptimal experimental conditions, including delayed (114 s) injection (8× aSNR gain solely by TRI), or from challenging anatomy or geometry, as in the case of a pediatric patient with brainstem tumor (597× using combined TRI and WSVD). Improved correlation between elevated pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, biopsy-confirmed cancer, and mp-MRI lesions demonstrated that TRI recovered quantitative diagnostic information. CONCLUSION Overall, this combined approach was effective across imaging targets and receiver configurations and could greatly benefit ongoing and future HP 13 C MRI research through major aSNR improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam W. Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Brender
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Murali C. Krishna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryam Vareth
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David E. Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan M. Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Chen L, Cao S, Koehler RC, van Zijl PCM, Xu J. High-sensitivity CEST mapping using a spatiotemporal correlation-enhanced method. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:3342-3350. [PMID: 32597519 PMCID: PMC7722217 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To obtain high-sensitivity CEST maps by exploiting the spatiotemporal correlation between CEST images. METHODS A postprocessing method accomplished by multilinear singular value decomposition (MLSVD) was used to enhance the CEST SNR by exploiting the correlation between the Z-spectrum for each voxel and the low-rank property of the overall CEST data. The performance of this method was evaluated using CrCEST in ischemic mouse brain at 11.7 tesla. Then, MLSVD CEST was applied to obtain Cr, amide, and amine CEST maps of the ischemic mouse brain to demonstrate its general applications. RESULTS Complex-valued Gaussian noise was added to CEST k-space data to mimic a low SNR situation. MLSVD CEST analysis was able to suppress the noise, recover the degraded CEST peak, and provide better CrCEST quality compared to the smoothing and singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising methods. High-resolution Cr, amide, and amine CEST maps of an ischemic stroke using MLSVD CEST suggest that CrCEST is also a sensitive pH mapping method, and a wide range of pH changes can be detected by combing CrCEST with amine CEST at high magnetic fields. CONCLUSION MLSVD CEST provides a simple and efficient way to improve the SNR of CEST images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding Author: Lin Chen, Ph.D., Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205,
| | - Suyi Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raymond C. Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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von Morze C, Engelbach JA, Blazey T, Quirk JD, Reed GD, Ippolito JE, Garbow JR. Comparison of hyperpolarized 13 C and non-hyperpolarized deuterium MRI approaches for imaging cerebral glucose metabolism at 4.7 T. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1795-1804. [PMID: 33247884 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to directly compare two isotopic metabolic imaging approaches, hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C MRI and deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI), for imaging specific closely related segments of cerebral glucose metabolism at 4.7 T. METHODS Comparative HP-13 C and DMI neuroimaging experiments were conducted consecutively in normal rats during the same scanning session. Localized conversions of [1-13 C]pyruvate and [6,6-2 H2 ]glucose to their respective downstream metabolic products were measured by spectroscopic imaging, using an identical 2D-CSI sequence with parameters optimized for the respective experiments. To facilitate direct comparison, a pair of substantially equivalent 2.5-cm double-tuned X/1 H RF surface coils was developed. For improved results, multidimensional low-rank reconstruction was applied to denoise the raw DMI data. RESULTS Localized conversion of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate, and [6,6-2 H2 ]glucose to [3,3-2 H2 ]lactate and Glx-d (glutamate and glutamine), was detected in rat brain by spectroscopic imaging at 4.7 T. The SNR and spatial resolution of HP-13 C MRI was superior to DMI but limited to a short time window, whereas the lengthy DMI acquisition yielded maps of not only lactate, but also Glx production, albeit with relatively poor spectral discrimination between metabolites at this field strength. Across the individual rats, there was an apparent inverse correlation between cerebral production of HP [1-13 C]lactate and Glx-d, along with a trend toward increased [3,3-2 H2 ]lactate. CONCLUSION The HP-13 C MRI and DMI methods are both feasible at 4.7 T and have significant potential for metabolic imaging of specific segments of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Engelbach
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James D Quirk
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Brender JR, Kishimoto S, Eaton GR, Eaton SS, Saida Y, Mitchell J, Krishna MC. Trehalose as an alternative to glycerol as a glassing agent for in vivo DNP MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:42-48. [PMID: 32697878 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), the solution needs to form a glass to attain significant levels of polarization in reasonable time periods. Molecules that do not form glasses by themselves are often mixed with glass forming excipients. Although glassing agents are often essential in DNP studies, they have the potential to perturb the metabolic measurements that are being studied. Glycerol, the glassing agent of choice for in vivo DNP studies, is effective in reducing ice crystal formation during freezing, but is rapidly metabolized, potentially altering the redox and adenosine triphosphate balance of the system. METHODS DNP buildup curves of 13 C urea and alanine with OX063 in the presence of trehalose, glycerol, and other polyol excipients were measured as a function of concentration. T1 and Tm relaxation times for OX063 in the presence of trehalose were measured by EPR. RESULTS Approximately 15-20 wt% trehalose gives a glass that polarizes samples more rapidly than the commonly used 60%-wt formulation of glycerol and yields similar polarization levels within clinically relevant timeframes. CONCLUSIONS Trehalose may be an attractive biologically inert alternative to glycerol for situations where there may be concerns about glycerol's glucogenic potential and possible alteration of the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Yu Saida
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Nishimura K, Kouno H, Kawashima Y, Orihashi K, Fujiwara S, Tateishi K, Uesaka T, Kimizuka N, Yanai N. Materials chemistry of triplet dynamic nuclear polarization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7217-7232. [PMID: 32495753 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization with photo-excited triplet electrons (triplet-DNP) has the potential to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a moderate temperature. While many efforts have been devoted to achieving a large nuclear polarization based on triplet-DNP, the application of triplet-DNP has been limited to nuclear physics experiments. The recent introduction of materials chemistry into the field of triplet-DNP has achieved air-stable and water-soluble polarizing agents as well as the hyperpolarization of nanomaterials with a large surface area such as nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and nanocrystal dispersion in water. This Feature Article overviews the recently-emerged materials chemistry of triplet-DNP that paves new paths towards unprecedented biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hironori Kouno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kana Orihashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Saiya Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Tateishi
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uesaka
- Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and PRESTO, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Le Page LM, Guglielmetti C, Taglang C, Chaumeil MM. Imaging Brain Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:343-354. [PMID: 32353337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant metabolism is a key factor in many neurological disorders. The ability to measure such metabolic impairment could lead to improved detection of disease progression, and development and monitoring of new therapeutic approaches. Hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a developing imaging technique that enables non-invasive measurement of enzymatic activity in real time in living organisms. Primarily applied in the fields of cancer and cardiac disease so far, this metabolic imaging method has recently been used to investigate neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the preclinical research developments in this emerging field, and discuss future prospects for this exciting technology, which has the potential to change the clinical paradigm for patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M Le Page
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Guglielmetti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Celine Taglang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Kreis F, Wright AJ, Hesse F, Fala M, Hu DE, Brindle KM. Measuring Tumor Glycolytic Flux in Vivo by Using Fast Deuterium MRI. Radiology 2020; 294:289-296. [PMID: 31821119 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019191242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor cells frequently show high rates of aerobic glycolysis, which provides the glycolytic intermediates needed for the increased biosynthetic demands of rapid cell growth and proliferation. Existing clinical methods (fluorodeoxyglucose PET and carbon 13 MRI and spectroscopy) do not allow quantitative images of glycolytic flux. Purpose To evaluate the use of deuterium (hydrogen 2 [2H]) MR spectroscopic imaging for quantitative mapping of tumor glycolytic flux and to assess response to chemotherapy. Materials and Methods A fast three-dimensional 2H MR spectroscopic imaging pulse sequence, with a time resolution of 10 minutes, was used to image glycolytic flux in a murine tumor model after bolus injection of D-[6,6'-2H2]glucose before and 48 hours after treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent. Tumor lactate labeling, expressed as the lactate-to-water and lactate-to-glucose signal ratios, was also assessed in localized 2H MR spectra. Statistical significance was tested with a one-sided paired t test. Results 2H MR spectroscopic imaging showed heterogeneity in glycolytic flux across the tumor and an early decrease in flux following treatment with a chemotherapeutic drug. Spectroscopy measurements on five animals showed a decrease in the lactate-to-water signal ratio, from 0.33 ± 0.10 to 0.089 ± 0.039 (P = .005), and in the lactate-to-glucose ratio, from 0.27 ± 0.12 to 0.12 ± 0.06 (P = .04), following drug treatment. Conclusion Rapidly acquired deuterium (hydrogen 2) MR spectroscopic images can provide quantitative and spatially resolved measurements of glycolytic flux in tumors that can be used to assess treatment response. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Ouwerkerk in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kreis
- From the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (F.K., A.J.W., F.H., M.F., E.H., K.M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.B.), University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Alan J Wright
- From the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (F.K., A.J.W., F.H., M.F., E.H., K.M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.B.), University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Friederike Hesse
- From the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (F.K., A.J.W., F.H., M.F., E.H., K.M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.B.), University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Maria Fala
- From the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (F.K., A.J.W., F.H., M.F., E.H., K.M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.B.), University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - De-En Hu
- From the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (F.K., A.J.W., F.H., M.F., E.H., K.M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.B.), University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- From the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (F.K., A.J.W., F.H., M.F., E.H., K.M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (K.M.B.), University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
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50
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Rich LJ, Bagga P, Wilson NE, Schnall MD, Detre JA, Haris M, Reddy R. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2H-to- 1H exchange quantifies the dynamics of cellular metabolism in vivo. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:335-342. [PMID: 31988460 PMCID: PMC7071956 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative mapping of the in vivo dynamics of cellular metabolism via non-invasive imaging contributes to the understanding of the initiation and progression of diseases associated with dysregulated metabolic processes. Current methods for imaging cellular metabolism are limited by low sensitivities, by costs, or by the use of specialized hardware. Here, we introduce a method that captures the turnover of cellular metabolites by quantifying signal reductions in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) resulting from the replacement of 1H with 2H. The method, which we termed quantitative exchanged-label turnover MRS, only requires deuterium-labelled glucose and standard MRI scanners, and with a single acquisition provides steady-state information and metabolic rates for several metabolites. We used the method to monitor glutamate, glutamine, γ-aminobutyric acid and lactate in the brains of normal and glioma-bearing rats following the administration of 2H2-labelled glucose and 2H3-labelled acetate. Quantitative exchanged-label turnover MRS should broaden the applications of routine 1H MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Rich
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neil E Wilson
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell D Schnall
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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