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Sabapathy V, Price A, Cheru NT, Venkatadri R, Dogan M, Costlow G, Mohammad S, Sharma R. ST2 + T-Regulatory Cells in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis after Ischemic Kidney Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:00001751-990000000-00404. [PMID: 39186386 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background:
Inflammation is a major cause of kidney injury. The Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokine IL-33 is released from damaged cells and modulates the immune response through its receptor ST2 expressed on many cell types, including regulatory T-cells (Tregs). While a proinflammatory role of IL-33 has been proposed, exogenous IL-33 expanded Tregs and suppressed renal inflammation. However, the contribution of endogenous IL-33/ST2 for the role of Tregs in the resolution of kidney injury has not been investigated.
Methods:
We used murine renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and kidney organoids to delineate the role of the ST2 and amphiregulin (AREG) specifically in Treg cells using targeted deletion. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on flow-sorted Tregs from spleen and CD4 T-cells from post-ischemic kidneys respectively. The protective role of ST2-sufficient Tregs was analyzed using a novel co-culture system of syngeneic kidney organoids and Treg cells under hypoxic conditions.
Results:
Bulk RNA-sequencing of splenic and single-cell-RNA-sequencing of kidney T-cells showed that ST2+ Tregs are enriched for genes related to Treg proliferation and function. Genes for reparative factors such as AREG were also enriched in ST2+ Tregs. Treg-specific deletion of ST2 or AREG exacerbated kidney injury and fibrosis in the unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury model. In co-culture studies, WT but not ST2-deficient Tregs preserved the hypoxia-induced loss of kidney-organoid viability, which was restored by AREG supplementation.
Conclusions:
Our study identified the role of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in Tregs for resolution of kidney injury. The transcriptome of ST2+ Tregs was enriched for reparative factors including AREG. Lack of ST2 or AREG in Tregs worsened kidney injury. Tregs protected kidney organoids from hypoxia in ST2 and AREG-dependent manner. Thus Treg-based approaches could be of benefit for resolution of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Airi Price
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of International Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Nardos Tesfaye Cheru
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Immunology Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | - Murat Dogan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Transplant Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gabrielle Costlow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Nagashima R, Ishikawa H, Kuno Y, Kohda C, Eshima K, Iyoda M. Group2 innate lymphoid cells ameliorate renal fibrosis and dysfunction associated with adenine-induced CKD. Cell Immunol 2024; 401-402:104828. [PMID: 38759328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression involving primary kidney injury and kidney diseases. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) mediate type 2 immune responses irrespective of antigen presentation and play a reno-protective role in kidney injury and disease. In the present study, we observed a decrease in kidney-resident ILC2s in CKD and found that enrichment of ILC2s in the kidney ameliorates renal fibrosis. In CKD kidney, ILC2s preferentially produced IL-13 over IL-5 in response to IL-33 stimulation, regardless of ST2L expression. Moreover, GATA3 expression was decreased in ILC2s, and T-bet+ ILC1s and RORγt+ ILC3s were increased in CKD kidney. Adoptive transfer of kidney ILC2s into adenine-induced CKD model mouse improved renal function and fibrosis. Renal fibroblasts cultured with IL33-activated kidney ILC2s suppressed myofibroblast trans-differentiation through Acta2 and Fn-1 regulation. These results suggest that kidney ILC2s prevent CKD progression via improvement of renal fibrosis. Our findings also suggest that ILC2s may contribute to the development of new therapeutic agents and strategies for tissue fibroses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Immunology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kuno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chikara Kohda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biosciences, Kitasato University School of Science, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Japan
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Nagashima R, Ishikawa H, Kuno Y, Kohda C, Iyoda M. IL-33 attenuates renal fibrosis via group2 innate lymphoid cells. Cytokine 2022; 157:155963. [PMID: 35868116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway in the progression of various kidney diseases and injuries. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) induces renal fibrosis, and immune responses profoundly affect its pathogenesis. Group2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are strongly activated by interleukin (IL) -33, which is a member of IL-1 family and recognize as alarmin. ILC2s quickly produce large amounts of type 2 cytokines including IL-5 and IL-13, which are involved in inflammation, tissue homeostasis, and wound healing. However, the relationship between renal fibrosis and ILC2s has been unclear. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the ILC2/L-33 axis in renal fibrosis using a UUO model. We found that kidney ILC2s decreased in UUO-affected kidneys compared with their counterpart kidneys despite IL-33 upregulation. There was no effect of reactive oxygen species or TGF-β from reduced ILC2 caused by UUO. Pretreatment with IL-33 before UUO induced ILC2s and Tregs in kidneys and alleviated renal fibrosis. Furthermore, this protective effect was maintained even when CD4+T cells was depleted. These findings demonstrated that ILC2s play a predominant role in the suppressive function of renal fibrosis mediated by pretreatment with IL-33. In contrast, post-treatment with IL-33 after UUO increased ILC2s in kidneys but had no therapeutic effect on renal fibrosis. Our findings suggest that ILC2s have potential roles in the prevention of renal fibrosis and can serve as a therapeutic and diagnostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kuno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikara Kohda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang K, Tian C, Zhang C, Xiang M. The Controversial Role of IL-33 in Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:897356. [PMID: 35634336 PMCID: PMC9134343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.897356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, and its structure is similar to IL-18. When cells are damaged or undergo necrosis, mature form of IL-33 is secreted as a cytokine, which can activate the immune system and provide danger signals. The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway is composed of IL-33, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-33 has been reported to be strongly associated with lung cancer progression, and can exhibit opposite effects on lung cancer under different conditions. In this review, we have summarized the structure and basic functions of IL-33, its possible function in immune regulation, and its role in pulmonary fibrosis as well as in lung cancer. We have highlighted the dual regulation of IL-33 in lung cancer and proposed potential lung cancer treatment regimens, especially new immunotherapies, based on its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Science and Technology University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Xiang,
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Abstract
It has been estimated that nearly 80% of anticancer drug-treated patients receive potentially nephrotoxic drugs, while the kidneys play a central role in the excretion of anticancer drugs. Nephrotoxicity has long been a serious complication that hampers the effectiveness of cancer treatment and continues to influence both mortality and length of hospitalization among cancer patients exposed to either conventional cytotoxic agents or targeted therapies. Kidney injury arising from anticancer drugs tends to be associated with preexisting comorbidities, advanced cancer stage, and the use of concomitant non-chemotherapeutic nephrotoxic drugs. Despite the prevalence and impact of kidney injury on therapeutic outcomes, the field is sorely lacking in an understanding of the mechanisms driving cancer drug-induced renal pathophysiology, resulting in quite limited and largely ineffective management of anticancer drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Consequently, there is a clear imperative for understanding the basis for nephrotoxic manifestations of anticancer agents for the successful management of kidney injury by these drugs. This article provides an overview of current preclinical research on the nephrotoxicity of cancer treatments and highlights prospective approaches to mitigate cancer therapy-related renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dengpiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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Wang YM, Shaw K, Zhang GY, Chung EYM, Hu M, Cao Q, Wang Y, Zheng G, Wu H, Chadban SJ, McCarthy HJ, Harris DCH, Mackay F, Grey ST, Alexander SI. Interleukin-33 Exacerbates IgA Glomerulonephritis in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing B Cell Activating Factor. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:966-984. [PMID: 35387873 PMCID: PMC9063894 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine IL-33 is an activator of innate lymphoid cells 2 (ILC2s) in innate immunity and allergic inflammation. B cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a central role in B cell proliferation and differentiation, and high levels of this protein cause excess antibody production, including IgA. BAFF-transgenic mice overexpress BAFF and spontaneously develop glomerulonephritis that resembles human IgA nephropathy. METHODS We administered IL-33 or PBS to wild-type and BAFF-transgenic mice. After treating Rag1-deficient mice with IL-33, with or without anti-CD90.2 to preferentially deplete ILC2s, we isolated splenocytes, which were adoptively transferred into BAFF-transgenic mice. RESULTS BAFF-transgenic mice treated with IL-33 developed more severe kidney dysfunction and proteinuria, glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage, and glomerular deposition of IgA and C3. Compared with wild-type mice, BAFF-transgenic mice exhibited increases of CD19+ B cells in spleen and kidney and ILC2s in kidney and intestine, which were further increased by administration of IL-33. Administering IL-33 to wild-type mice had no effect on kidney function or histology, nor did it alter the number of ILC2s in spleen, kidney, or intestine. To understand the role of ILC2s, splenocytes were transferred from IL-33-treated Rag1-deficient mice into BAFF-transgenic mice. Glomerulonephritis and IgA deposition were exacerbated by transfer of IL-33-stimulated Rag1-deficient splenocytes, but not by ILC2 (anti-CD90.2)-depleted splenocytes. Wild-type mice infused with IL-33-treated Rag1-deficient splenocytes showed no change in kidney function or ILC2 numbers or distribution. CONCLUSIONS IL-33-expanded ILC2s exacerbated IgA glomerulonephritis in a mouse model. These findings indicate that IL-33 and ILC2s warrant evaluation as possible mediators of human IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karli Shaw
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoff Yu Zhang
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edmund Y M Chung
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Min Hu
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huiling Wu
- Kidney Node Laboratory, The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steven J Chadban
- Kidney Node Laboratory, The Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh J McCarthy
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabienne Mackay
- QIMR, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- Transplantation Immunology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Tan XY, Jing HY, Ma YR. Interleukin-33/ Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 in Renal Fibrosis: Emerging Roles in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 12:792897. [PMID: 35046838 PMCID: PMC8761767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.792897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that affects more than 10% of the population worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel treatment strategies for CKD. Incidentally, renal fibrosis plays a central role in the progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of inflammatory pathways leads to the development of renal fibrosis. In fact, interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly discovered member of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) cytokine family, is a crucial regulator of the inflammatory process. It exerts pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) receptor, which, in turn, activates other inflammatory pathways. Although the role of this pathway in cardiac, pulmonary, and hepatic fibrotic diseases has been extensively studied, its precise role in renal fibrosis has not yet been completely elucidated. Recent studies have shown that a sustained activation of IL-33/ST2 pathway promotes the development of renal fibrosis. However, with prolonged research in this field, it is expected that the IL-33/ST2 pathway will be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for renal diseases. In addition, the IL-33/ST2 pathway seems to be a new target for the future treatment of CKD. Here, we review the mechanisms and potential applications of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in renal fibrosis; such that it can help clinicians and researchers to explore effective treatment options and develop novel medicines for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Yue Jing
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Rong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Ikewuchi CC, Ikewuchi JC, Ifeanacho MO. Restoration of plasma kidney and liver biomarkers in doxorubicin-treated Wistar rats by aqueous extracts of Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotia and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaves. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2021; 102:297-306. [PMID: 36606149 PMCID: PMC9645572 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2021.108726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of aqueous extracts of sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium and leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius to regulate plasma markers of kidney and liver function/integrity was investigated in doxorubicin-treated Wistar rats. Doxorubicin (dissolved in normal saline) was injected intraperitoneally (15 mg/kg body weight) into the rats; metformin was daily administered orally at 250 mg/kg, while the extracts were daily administered orally at doses of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg. Compared to the test control, in both the doxorubicin pre-treatment (or ameliorative) study and the extract pre-treatment (protective) studies, the extracts and metformin-treated groups had significantly lower (P < 0.05) plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, and concentrations of creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen. However, the plasma globulin, albumin, and total protein concentrations and the albumin/globulin ratio of the extract and metformin-treated groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05). The extracts prevented (in the protective study) or attenuated (in the ameliorative study) doxorubicin-induced increase in the levels of plasma markers of kidney and liver function/integrity, and afforded protection or recovery towards near-normal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Ikewuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Jude C. Ikewuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Mercy O. Ifeanacho
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Home Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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9
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Cao C, Yao Y, Zeng R. Lymphocytes: Versatile Participants in Acute Kidney Injury and Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729084. [PMID: 34616308 PMCID: PMC8488268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major global public health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. The progression from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) makes it a scientific problem to be solved. However, it is with lack of effective treatments. Summary: Both innate and adaptive immune systems participate in the inflammatory process during AKI, and excessive or dysregulated immune responses play a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis, which is an important hallmark of CKD. Studies on the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD have clarified that renal injury induces the production of various chemokines by renal parenchyma cells or resident immune cells, which recruits multiple-subtype lymphocytes in circulation. Some infiltrated lymphocytes exacerbate injury by proinflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and interaction with renal resident cells, which constructs the inflammatory environment and induces further injury, even death of renal parenchyma cells. Others promote tissue repair by producing protective cytokines. In this review, we outline the diversity of these lymphocytes and their mechanisms to regulate the whole pathogenic stages of AKI and CKD; discuss the chronological responses and the plasticity of lymphocytes related to AKI and CKD progression; and introduce the potential therapies targeting lymphocytes of AKI and CKD, including the interventions of chemokines, cytokines, and lymphocyte frequency regulation in vivo, adaptive transfer of ex-expanded lymphocytes, and the treatments of gut microbiota or metabolite regulations based on gut-kidney axis. Key Message: In the process of AKI and CKD, T helper (Th) cells, innate, and innate-like lymphocytes exert mainly pathogenic roles, while double-negative T (DNT) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are confirmed to be protective. Understanding the mechanisms by which lymphocytes mediate renal injury and renal fibrosis is necessary to promote the development of specific therapeutic strategies to protect from AKI and prevent the progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Nagashima R, Iyoda M. The Roles of Kidney-Resident ILC2 in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688647. [PMID: 34381446 PMCID: PMC8350317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently discovered lymphocyte population with high cytokine productive capacity. Type-2 ILCs (ILC2s) are the most studied, and they exert a rapid type-2 immune response to eliminate helminth infections. Massive and sustainable ILC2 activation induces allergic tissue inflammation, so it is important to maintain correct ILC2 activity for immune homeostasis. The ILC2-activating cytokine IL-33 is released from epithelial cells upon tissue damage, and it is upregulated in various kidney disease mouse models and in kidney disease patients. Various kidney diseases eventually lead to renal fibrosis, which is a common pathway leading to end-stage renal disease and is a chronic kidney disease symptom. The progression of renal fibrosis is affected by the innate immune system, including renal-resident ILC2s; however, the roles of ILC2s in renal fibrosis are not well understood. In this review, we summarize renal ILC2 function and characterization in various kidney diseases and highlight the known and potential contributions of ILC2s to kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Moorman CD, Sohn SJ, Phee H. Emerging Therapeutics for Immune Tolerance: Tolerogenic Vaccines, T cell Therapy, and IL-2 Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657768. [PMID: 33854514 PMCID: PMC8039385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect roughly 5-10% of the total population, with women affected more than men. The standard treatment for autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases had long been immunosuppressive agents until the advent of immunomodulatory biologic drugs, which aimed at blocking inflammatory mediators, including proinflammatory cytokines. At the frontier of these biologic drugs are TNF-α blockers. These therapies inhibit the proinflammatory action of TNF-α in common autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. TNF-α blockade quickly became the "standard of care" for these autoimmune diseases due to their effectiveness in controlling disease and decreasing patient's adverse risk profiles compared to broad-spectrum immunosuppressive agents. However, anti-TNF-α therapies have limitations, including known adverse safety risk, loss of therapeutic efficacy due to drug resistance, and lack of efficacy in numerous autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. The next wave of truly transformative therapeutics should aspire to provide a cure by selectively suppressing pathogenic autoantigen-specific immune responses while leaving the rest of the immune system intact to control infectious diseases and malignancies. In this review, we will focus on three main areas of active research in immune tolerance. First, tolerogenic vaccines aiming at robust, lasting autoantigen-specific immune tolerance. Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyewon Phee
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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12
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Venkatadri R, Sabapathy V, Dogan M, Sharma R, Mohammad S, Via CS, Sharma R. Hybrid cytokine IL233 renders protection in murine acute graft vs host disease (aGVHD). Cell Immunol 2021; 364:104345. [PMID: 33831754 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we generated IL233, a hybrid cytokine composed of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-33, with better therapeutic potential than either cytokine in multiple inflammatory diseases, in part through promoting T-regulatory cells (Tregs). Here we test the potential of IL233 pretreatment in a murine model of excessive Th1 activation, the parent-into-F1 model of acute GVHD (aGVHD). Five days of IL233 pretreatment of the recipients blocked or delayed the aGVHD-linked loss of B cells as seen in either the peripheral blood (day-11) or lymph nodes (day-14). IL233 pretreatment also prevented the expansion of donor CD8 T-cells in blood and LN at day-14 and significantly reduced day-14 serum IFNγ and TNFα compared to saline treated GVHD mice although, the level of Tregs did not statistically differ between saline and IL233-treated mice. Overall, the current study provides support for the use of IL233 as a therapeutic option in excessive Th1/CD8-driven conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Murat Dogan
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rohan Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Charles S Via
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Since their relatively recent discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been shown to be tissue-resident lymphocytes that are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and pathogen response. However, ILC dysregulation contributes to a diverse spectrum of human diseases, spanning virtually every organ system. ILCs rapidly respond to environmental cues by altering their own phenotype and function as well as influencing the behavior of other local tissue-resident cells. With a growing understanding of ILC biology, investigators continue to elucidate mechanisms that expand our ability to phenotype, isolate, target, and expand ILCs ex vivo. With mounting preclinical data and clinical correlates, the role of ILCs in both disease pathogenesis and resolution is evident, justifying ILC manipulation for clinical benefit. This Review will highlight areas of ongoing translational research and critical questions for future study that will enable us to harness the full therapeutic potential of these captivating cells.
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14
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Hussain MA, Abogresha NM, AbdelKader G, Hassan R, Abdelaziz EZ, Greish SM. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Crocin Ameliorate Doxorubicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8841726. [PMID: 33628387 PMCID: PMC7899759 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8841726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a drug that belongs to the anthracycline antibiotics. Nephrotoxicity is one of the serious side effects of doxorubicin treatment. Crocin, which is one of the most bioactive components of saffron, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. The current study was aimed at investigating the possible protective effects of crocin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this effect. The study included four groups, six rats in each group: normal control, crocin control, doxorubicin, and crocin/doxorubicin. Doxorubicin and crocin/doxorubicin groups received intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin (3.5 mg/kg twice weekly for 3 weeks). Rats in the crocin control group and the crocin/doxorubicin group were treated with intraperitoneal injections of crocin (100 mg/kg body weight per day) for 3 weeks. Biomarkers of kidney function and oxidative stress as well as the abundance of mRNA for nuclear factor-κβ and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated. In addition, the abundance of cyclooxygenase 2 and tumor necrosis factor α immunoreactivity was evaluated. Crocin treatment had renoprotective effects manifested by significant improvement in kidney function as well as a reduction in the abundance of biomarkers of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, crocin has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by serving as an antioxidant and attenuating the expression of NF-κB, iNOS, COX2, and TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Hussain
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Abogresha
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ghada AbdelKader
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ranya Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman Z. Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sahar M. Greish
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Badr University in Egypt (BUC), Egypt
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15
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Abstract
Renal inflammation, induced by autoantigen recognition or toxic drugs, leads to renal tissue injury and decline in kidney function. Recent studies have demonstrated the crucial role for regulatory T cells in suppressing pathogenic adaptive but also innate immune responses in the inflamed kidney. However, there is also evidence for other immune cell populations with immunosuppressive function in renal inflammation. This review summarizes mechanisms of immune cell regulation in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis and acute and chronic nephrotoxicity.
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16
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Ikewuchi CC, Ifeanacho MO, Ikewuchi JC. Moderation of doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats by aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens. Porto Biomed J 2021; 6:e129. [PMID: 33884325 PMCID: PMC8055491 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major draw-back of doxorubicin's use in chemotherapy is its toxicity on various organs including the kidneys. This study investigated the potential protective role of aqueous leaf-extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Tridax procumbens against nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. METHODS To this end, their impact on plasma biomarkers of kidney function, as well as renal lipid profile, biomarkers of oxidative stress, electrolyte profile and activities of renal ATPases was monitored in doxorubicin treated rats. Metformin (250 mg/kg body weight, orally) and the extracts (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, orally) were daily administered for 14 days; while nephrotoxicity was induced with doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, intra-peritioneally), once on the 12th day of study. RESULTS The plasma concentrations of creatinine, and urea; as well as the renal malondialdehyde, cholesterol, calcium and sodium concentrations in the Test control, were significantly (P < .05) higher than those of all the other groups. However, the renal concentrations of ascorbic acid, chloride, magnesium and potassium, and the renal activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase superoxide dismutase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Na+,K+-ATPase in the Test control were significantly (P < .05) lower than those of all the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with the extracts and metformin boosted endogenous antioxidants, and prevented doxorubicin-induced renal damage, as indicated by the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced renal oxidative stress, as well as the attenuation of doxorubicin-induced adverse alterations in renal cholesterol, ATPases and electrolyte balance, and plasma biomarkers of kidney function, and keeping them at near-normal values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercy O Ifeanacho
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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17
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Wang R, Wang Y, Harris DCH, Cao Q. Innate lymphoid cells in kidney diseases. Kidney Int 2020; 99:1077-1087. [PMID: 33387602 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that innate immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, contribute to pathogenesis and protection in various kidney diseases. The understanding of innate immunity has been advanced recently by the discovery of a new group of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. ILCs lack adaptive antigen receptors, yet can be triggered by various pathogens and rapidly provide an abundant source of immunomodulatory cytokines to exert immediate immune reactions and direct subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. ILCs play critical roles in immunity, tissue homeostasis, and pathological inflammation. In this review, we highlight the biological function of ILC subpopulations in the normal kidney, and their important roles in acute and chronic kidney diseases, thus demonstrating the emerging importance of ILC-regulated immunity in this special organ and providing insights for future research directions and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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18
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Sabapathy V, Venkatadri R, Dogan M, Sharma R. The Yin and Yang of Alarmins in Regulation of Acute Kidney Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:441. [PMID: 32974364 PMCID: PMC7472534 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical burden affecting 20 to 50% of hospitalized and intensive care patients. Irrespective of the initiating factors, the immune system plays a major role in amplifying the disease pathogenesis with certain immune cells contributing to renal damage, whereas others offer protection and facilitate recovery. Alarmins are small molecules and proteins that include granulysins, high-mobility group box 1 protein, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-16, IL-33, heat shock proteins, the Ca++ binding S100 proteins, adenosine triphosphate, and uric acid. Alarmins are mostly intracellular molecules, and their release to the extracellular milieu signals cellular stress or damage, generally leading to the recruitment of the cells of the immune system. Early studies indicated a pro-inflammatory role for the alarmins by contributing to immune-system dysregulation and worsening of AKI. However, recent developments demonstrate anti-inflammatory mechanisms of certain alarmins or alarmin-sensing receptors, which may participate in the prevention, resolution, and repair of AKI. This dual function of alarmins is intriguing and has confounded the role of alarmins in AKI. In this study, we review the contribution of various alarmins to the pathogenesis of AKI in experimental and clinical studies. We also analyze the approaches for the therapeutic utilization of alarmins for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rahul Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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19
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Sharma R. Harnessing Endogenous T-Regulatory Cells in Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:626-628. [PMID: 32659767 DOI: 10.1159/000508503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 20-50% of hospitalized and intensive care patients, with a sizable proportion progressing to ESRD or death (https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/AcuteKidneyInjury). Since inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of AKI, studies on T-regulatory cells (Tregs), which suppress inflammation are important. Here, we highlight advances that utilize Tregs for intervention in AKI and were presented at the 25th International Conference on Advances in Critical Care Nephrology and UAB/UCSD O'Brien Center AKI & CRRT 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA,
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20
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Zhao TX, Newland SA, Mallat Z. 2019 ATVB Plenary Lecture: Interleukin-2 Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: The Potential to Regulate Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:853-864. [PMID: 32078364 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells represent 2 subsets of immune cells, which have been shown in preclinical models to be important in atherosclerosis and myocardial repair. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in immune homeostasis and tolerance via their interactions with effector T cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages. They also utilize and secrete inhibitory cytokines, including interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β, to regulate or suppress pathogenic immune responses. Type-2 innate lymphoid cells have an important role in type-2 immune responses and tissue repair through secreting interleukins 5 and 13, as well as a variety of biological mediators and growth factors. Intriguingly, interleukin-2 has emerged as a common cytokine, which can be harnessed to upregulate both cell types, and also has important translational consequences as clinical trials are ongoing for its use in cardiovascular disease. Here, we briefly review the biology of these regulatory immune cell types, discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence for their functions in cardiovascular disease, examine the prospects for clinical translation and current ongoing trials, and finally, postulate how overlap in the mechanisms of upregulation may be leveraged in future treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian X Zhao
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
| | - Stephen A Newland
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (T.X.Z., S.A.N., Z.M.)
- Paris-Descartes Université, Inserm U970, France (Z.M.)
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21
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Emerging Roles of Interleukin-33-responsive Kidney Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041544. [PMID: 32102434 PMCID: PMC7073188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-33 triggers pleiotropic immune functions in multiple types of immune cells, which express the IL-33 receptor, ST2. Recent studies have revealed the potential applications of IL-33 for treating acute kidney injury in preclinical animal models. However, IL-33 and IL-33-responding immune cells are reported to exhibit both detrimental and beneficial roles. The IL-33-mediated immunomodulatory functions have been investigated using loss-of-function approaches, such as IL33-deficient mice, IL-33 antagonists, or administration of exogenous IL-33 recombinant protein. This review will discuss the key findings on IL-33-mediated activation of kidney resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and summarize the current understanding of the differential functions of endogenous IL-33 and exogenous IL-33 and their potential implications in treating acute kidney injury.
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22
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do Valle Duraes F, Lafont A, Beibel M, Martin K, Darribat K, Cuttat R, Waldt A, Naumann U, Wieczorek G, Gaulis S, Pfister S, Mertz KD, Li J, Roma G, Warncke M. Immune cell landscaping reveals a protective role for regulatory T cells during kidney injury and fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:130651. [PMID: 32051345 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney diseases are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although the underlying mechanisms determining the transition from acute to chronic injury are not completely understood, immune-mediated processes are critical in renal injury. We have performed a comparison of 2 mouse models leading to either kidney regeneration or fibrosis. Using global gene expression profiling we could identify immune-related pathways accounting for the majority of the observed transcriptional changes during fibrosis. Unbiased examination of the immune cell composition, using single-cell RNA sequencing, revealed major changes in tissue-resident macrophages and T cells. Following injury, there was a marked increase in tissue-resident IL-33R+ and IL-2Ra+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Expansion of this population before injury protected the kidney from injury and fibrosis. Transcriptional profiling of Tregs showed a differential upregulation of regenerative and proangiogenic pathways during regeneration, whereas in the fibrotic environment they expressed markers of hyperactivation and fibrosis. Our data point to a hitherto underappreciated plasticity in Treg function within the same tissue, dictated by environmental cues. Overall, we provide a detailed cellular and molecular characterization of the immunological changes during kidney injury, regeneration, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armelle Lafont
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kea Martin
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katy Darribat
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Waldt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Swann Gaulis
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Pfister
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Jianping Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Warncke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Sabapathy V, Stremska ME, Mohammad S, Corey RL, Sharma PR, Sharma R. Novel Immunomodulatory Cytokine Regulates Inflammation, Diabetes, and Obesity to Protect From Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:572. [PMID: 31191312 PMCID: PMC6540785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-linked (type 2) diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) has become the largest contributor to morbidity and mortality in the modern world. Recent evidences suggest that inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DN and T-regulatory cells (Treg) are protective. We developed a novel cytokine (named IL233) bearing IL-2 and IL-33 activities in a single molecule and demonstrated that IL233 promotes Treg and T-helper (Th) 2 immune responses to protect mice from inflammatory acute kidney injury. Here, we investigated whether through a similar enhancement of Treg and inhibition of inflammation, IL233 protects from T2DN in a genetically obese mouse model, when administered either early or late after the onset of diabetes. In the older mice with obesity and microalbuminuria, IL233 treatment reduced hyperglycemia, plasma glycated proteins, and albuminuria. Interestingly, IL233 administered before the onset of microalbuminuria not only strongly inhibited the progression of T2DN and reversed diabetes as indicated by lowering of blood glucose, normalization of glucose tolerance and insulin levels in islets, but surprisingly, also attenuated weight gain and adipogenicity despite comparable food intake. Histological examination of kidneys showed that saline control mice had severe inflammation, glomerular hypertrophy, and mesangial expansion, which were all attenuated in the IL233 treated mice. The protection correlated with greater accumulation of Tregs, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), alternately activated macrophages and eosinophils in the adipose tissue, along with a skewing toward T-helper 2 responses. Thus, the novel IL233 cytokine bears therapeutic potential as it protects genetically obese mice from T2DN by regulating multiple contributors to pathogenesis. Short Description: A novel bifunctional cytokine IL233, bearing IL-2 and IL-33 activities reverses inflammation and protects from type-2 diabetic nephropathy through promoting T-regulatory cells and type 2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Marta E. Stremska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Saleh Mohammad
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Corey
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Poonam R. Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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24
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IL233, an IL-2-IL-33 hybrid cytokine induces prolonged remission of mouse lupus nephritis by targeting Treg cells as a single therapeutic agent. J Autoimmun 2019; 102:133-141. [PMID: 31103267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lupus glomerulonephritis (GN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune complex-deposition, complement activation and glomerular inflammation. In lupus-prone NZM2328 mice, the occurrence of lupus GN was accompanied by a decrease in Treg cells and an increase in proinflammatory cytokine-producing T cells. Because IL-33 in addition to IL-2 has been shown to be important for Treg cell proliferation and ST2 (IL-33 receptor) positive Treg cells are more potent in suppressor activity, a hybrid cytokine with active domains of IL-2 and IL-33 was generated to target the ST2+ Treg cells as a therapeutic agent to treat lupus GN. Three mouse models were used: spontaneous and Ad-IFNα- accelerated lupus GN in NZM2328 and the lymphoproliferative autoimmune GN in MRL/lpr mice. Daily injections of IL233 for 5 days prevented Ad-IFNα-induced lupus GN and induced remission of spontaneous lupus GN. The remission was permanent in that no relapses were detected. The remission was accompanied by persistent elevation of Treg cells in the renal lymph nodes. IL233 is more potent than IL-2 and IL-33 either singly or in combination in the treatment of lupus GN. The results of this study support the thesis that IL233 should be considered as a novel agent for treating lupus GN.
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25
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Cameron GJM, Cautivo KM, Loering S, Jiang SH, Deshpande AV, Foster PS, McKenzie ANJ, Molofsky AB, Hansbro PM, Starkey MR. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Redundant in Experimental Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2019; 10:826. [PMID: 31057549 PMCID: PMC6477147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be fatal and is a well-defined risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are innate producers of type-2 cytokines and are critical regulators of homeostasis in peripheral organs. However, our knowledge of their function in the kidney is relatively limited. Recent evidence suggests that increasing ILC2 numbers by systemic administration of recombinant interleukin (IL)-25 or IL-33 protects against renal injury. Whilst ILC2s can be induced to protect against ischemic- or chemical-induced AKI, the impact of ILC2 deficiency or depletion on the severity of renal injury is unknown. Firstly, the phenotype and location of ILC2s in the kidney was assessed under homeostatic conditions. Kidney ILC2s constitutively expressed high levels of IL-5 and were located in close proximity to the renal vasculature. To test the functional role of ILC2s in the kidney, an experimental model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) was used and the severity of injury was assessed in wild-type, ILC2-reduced, ILC2-deficient, and ILC2-depleted mice. Surprisingly, there were no differences in histopathology, collagen deposition or mRNA expression of injury-associated (Lcn2), inflammatory (Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Tnf) or extracellular matrix (Col1a1, Fn1) factors following IRI in the absence of ILC2s. These data suggest the absence of ILC2s does not alter the severity of renal injury, suggesting possible redundancy. Therefore, other mechanisms of type 2-mediated immune cell activation likely compensate in the absence of ILC2s. Hence, a loss of ILC2s is unlikely to increase susceptibility to, or severity of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy J M Cameron
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Svenja Loering
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon H Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australia National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Aniruddh V Deshpande
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,The John Hunter Children's Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Centre for inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Priority Research Centre's GrowUpWell and Healthy Lungs, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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