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Lukhtanov VA, Dantchenko AV. Cryptic Taxa Revealed through Combined Analysis of Chromosomes and DNA Barcodes: The Polyommatus ripartii Species Complex in Armenia and NW Iran. INSECTS 2024; 15:545. [PMID: 39057277 PMCID: PMC11277131 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The detection of cryptic species in complexes that have undergone recent speciation is often difficult, since many standard nuclear markers have not yet accumulated differences between closely related taxa, and differences in mitochondrial markers can be leveled out due to mitochondrial introgressions. In these cases, the use of derived chromosomal characters such as non-ancestral chromosomal numbers and/or unusual karyotype features may be a solution to the species delimitation problem. However, non-ancestral but similar karyotypes may arise secondarily as a result of homoplastic evolution, and their interpretation as homologies may lead to incorrect taxonomic conclusions. In our study, we show that the combined use of mitochondrial DNA barcodes and karyotypes helps to solve this problem and identifies cryptic species in situations where each of these markers does not work individually. Using this approach, we show that the fauna of Armenia and adjacent Iran includes the following cryptic taxa of the Polyommatus ripartii species complex (haploid chromosome number, n in parentheses): P. ripartii paralcestis (n = 90), P. ripartii kalashiani, subsp. nov (n close to 90), P. emmeli, sp. nov. (n = 77-79), P. keleybaricus, sp. nov. (n = 86), P. demavendi belovi (n = 73-75), P. demavendi antonius, subsp. nov. (n = 71-73), P. admetus anatoliensis (n = 79) and P. eriwanensis (n = 29-34). Polyommatus admetus yeranyani is synonymized with P. admetus anatoliensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Dantchenko
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Mesas A, Aguilera VM, González CE, Giesecke R, Escribano R, Vargas CA. Molecular evidence for a new endemic species of Acartia (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the Southeast Pacific coast. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12366. [PMID: 38811606 PMCID: PMC11137159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity in marine populations is one of the consequences of the increased events of extreme environmental conditions in the oceans, which can condition the persistence of populations to future scenarios of climate change. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to explore and monitor the genetic diversity of natural populations. In the Southeast Pacific Ocean (SEPO), specifically on the coast of Chile, the presence of the copepod Acartia tonsa has been indicated solely using morphological evidence, due to the absence of genetic information. In the present work, the genetic diversity, population structure and phylogenetic position within the genus Acartia, of populations identified morphologically as A. tonsa, was evaluated by amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and nuclear marker 18 s. Our results showed that the populations identified as A. tonsa correspond to a new monophyletic group endemic to SEPO (GMYC = 1.00; PTP = 0.95). The populations showed moderate to high genetic diversity with an incipient structuring between populations and biogeographic zones. Our results suggest that despite the homogenizing effect of the Humboldt Current, isolation by distance and contrasting environmental conditions at different geographic scales have an important influence on the genetic diversity of zooplankton in the SEPO region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mesas
- Millennium Institute of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Coastal Ecosystems and Global Environmental Change Lab (ECCALab), Department of Aquatic System, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Víctor M Aguilera
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Bernardo Ossandón #877, C.P. 1781681, Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Carolina E González
- Millennium Institute of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Giesecke
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rubén Escribano
- Millennium Institute of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Natural and Oceanographic Sciences, University of Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian A Vargas
- Millennium Institute of Oceanography, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Coastal Ecosystems and Global Environmental Change Lab (ECCALab), Department of Aquatic System, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Coastal Social-Ecological Millennium Institute (SECOS), Universidad de Concepción & P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Lindsey CR, Knoll AH, Herron MD, Rosenzweig F. Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae. BMC Biol 2024; 22:79. [PMID: 38600528 PMCID: PMC11007952 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout its nearly four-billion-year history, life has undergone evolutionary transitions in which simpler subunits have become integrated to form a more complex whole. Many of these transitions opened the door to innovations that resulted in increased biodiversity and/or organismal efficiency. The evolution of multicellularity from unicellular forms represents one such transition, one that paved the way for cellular differentiation, including differentiation of male and female gametes. A useful model for studying the evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation is the volvocine algae, a clade of freshwater green algae whose members range from unicellular to colonial, from undifferentiated to completely differentiated, and whose gamete types can be isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous. To better understand how multicellularity, differentiation, and gametes evolved in this group, we used comparative genomics and fossil data to establish a geologically calibrated roadmap of when these innovations occurred. RESULTS Our ancestral-state reconstructions, show that multicellularity arose independently twice in the volvocine algae. Our chronograms indicate multicellularity evolved during the Carboniferous-Triassic periods in Goniaceae + Volvocaceae, and possibly as early as the Cretaceous in Tetrabaenaceae. Using divergence time estimates we inferred when, and in what order, specific developmental changes occurred that led to differentiated multicellularity and oogamy. We find that in the volvocine algae the temporal sequence of developmental changes leading to differentiated multicellularity is much as proposed by David Kirk, and that multicellularity is correlated with the acquisition of anisogamy and oogamy. Lastly, morphological, molecular, and divergence time data suggest the possibility of cryptic species in Tetrabaenaceae. CONCLUSIONS Large molecular datasets and robust phylogenetic methods are bringing the evolutionary history of the volvocine algae more sharply into focus. Mounting evidence suggests that extant species in this group are the result of two independent origins of multicellularity and multiple independent origins of cell differentiation. Also, the origin of the Tetrabaenaceae-Goniaceae-Volvocaceae clade may be much older than previously thought. Finally, the possibility of cryptic species in the Tetrabaenaceae provides an exciting opportunity to study the recent divergence of lineages adapted to live in very different thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ross Lindsey
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrew H Knoll
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Matthew D Herron
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Frank Rosenzweig
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Lizano AMD, Kim KM, Juinio-Meñez MA, Ravago-Gotanco R. Pseudocryptic diversity and species boundaries in the sea cucumber Stichopus cf. horrens (Echinodermata: Stichopodidae) revealed by mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4886. [PMID: 38418859 PMCID: PMC10901784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphologically cryptic and pseudo-cryptic species pose a challenge to taxonomic identification and assessments of species diversity and distributions. Such is the case for the sea cucumber Stichopus horrens, commonly confused with Stichopus monotuberculatus. Here, we used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and microsatellite markers to examine genetic diversity in Stichopus cf. horrens throughout the Philippine archipelago, to aid species identification and clarify species boundaries. Phylogenetic analysis reveals two recently diverged COI lineages (Clade A and Clade B; c. 1.35-2.54 Mya) corresponding to sequence records for specimens identified as S. monotuberculatus and S. horrens, respectively. Microsatellite markers reveal two significantly differentiated genotype clusters broadly concordant with COI lineages (Cluster 1, Cluster 2). A small proportion of individuals were identified as later-generation hybrids indicating limited contemporary gene flow between genotype clusters, thus confirming species boundaries. Morphological differences in papillae distribution and form are observed for the two species, however tack-like spicules from the dorsal papillae are not a reliable diagnostic character. An additional putative cryptic species was detected within Clade B-Cluster 2 specimens warranting further examination. We propose that these lineages revealed by COI and genotype data be referred to as Stichopus cf. horrens species complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollo Marco D Lizano
- Faculty of Biosciences & Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, 1101, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Kenneth M Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, 1101, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Rachel Ravago-Gotanco
- Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, 1101, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines
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Modeel S, Negi RK, Sharma M, Dolkar P, Yadav S, Siwach S, Yadav P, Negi T. A comprehensive DNA barcoding of Indian freshwater fishes of the Indus River system, Beas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2763. [PMID: 38307873 PMCID: PMC10837433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Beas River is one of the important rivers of the Indus River system located in Himachal Pradesh, India, that harbors a diverse range of freshwater fish species. The present study employed COI gene to investigate the ichthyofaunal diversity of river Beas. Through the sequencing of 203 specimens from Beas River, we identified 43 species, belonging to 31 genera, 16 families, and 10 orders. To analyze the genetic divergence and phylogeny of identified species, 485 sequences of Indian origin were retrieved from BOLD, resulting in a dataset of 688 sequences. Our findings consistently revealed a hierarchical increase in the mean K2P genetic divergence within species (0.80%), genus (9.06%), and families (15.35%). Automated Barcode Gap discovery, Neighbour Joining, and Bayesian inference consensus tree methodologies were employed to determine the putative species and their phylogeny, successfully delimiting most of the species with only a few exceptions. The results unveiled six species exhibiting high intra-species divergence (> 2%), suggesting the presence of sibling species and falsely identified sequences on online databases. The present study established the first DNA barcoding-based inventory of freshwater fish species in the Beas River providing comprehensive insights into economically exploited endangered and vulnerable species. In order to ensure the sustainable use of aquatic resources in the Beas River, we recommend the implementation of species measures to protect biodiversity and genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonakshi Modeel
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ram Krishan Negi
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Monika Sharma
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Padma Dolkar
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sheetal Yadav
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sneha Siwach
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fish Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, North Campus, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Tarana Negi
- Department of Zoology, Govt. College Dujana, District Jhajjar, Beri, Haryana, India
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Shin CP, Allmon WD. How we study cryptic species and their biological implications: A case study from marine shelled gastropods. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10360. [PMID: 37680961 PMCID: PMC10480071 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methodological and biological considerations are intertwined when studying cryptic species. A potentially large component of modern biodiversity, the frequency of cryptic species among taxonomic groups is not well documented. The term "cryptic species" is imprecisely used in scientific literature, causing ambiguity when interpreting their evolutionary and ecological significance. This study reviews how cryptic species have been defined, discussing implications for taxonomy and biology, and explores these implications with a case study based on recently published literature on extant shelled marine gastropods. Reviewed gastropods were recorded by species. Records of cryptic gastropods were presented by authors with variable levels of confidence but were difficult to disentangle from inherent biases in the study effort. These complexities notwithstanding, most gastropod species discussed were not cryptic. To the degree that this review's sample represents extinct taxa, the results suggest that a high proportion of shelled marine gastropod species are identifiable for study in the fossil record. Much additional work is needed to provide a more adequate understanding of the relative frequency of cryptic species in shelled marine gastropods, which should start with more explicit definitions and targeted case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren P. Shin
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
- Paleontological Research InstitutionIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Warren D. Allmon
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
- Paleontological Research InstitutionIthacaNew YorkUSA
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Pyron RA, Beamer DA. Systematic revision of the Spotted and Northern Dusky Salamanders (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus conanti and D. fuscus), with six new species from the eastern United States. Zootaxa 2023; 5311:451-504. [PMID: 37518633 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5311.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Spotted and Northern Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus conanti and D. fuscus) have a long and complex taxonomic history. At least 10 other currently recognized species in the genus were either described from populations previously considered D. fuscus, described as or later considered subspecies thereof, or later considered synonyms thereof, before ultimately being recognized as distinct. Recent molecular analyses have also revealed extensive cryptic diversity within both species, which are polyphyletic assemblages of 13 distinct mitochondrial lineages with 5.7-10.3% uncorrected 'p' distances in the COI barcode locus. Based on phylogenomic data and population-clustering analyses considering admixture between lineages, 11 candidate species were circumscribed by recent authors. Those within D. conanti are also ecomorphologically variable, comprising both large, robust, keel-tailed populations, and small, gracile, round-tailed forms. Evaluating their distinctiveness based on genetic, geographic, and morphological evidence, we conclude that six of the candidates represent new species: Desmognathus anicetus sp. nov., D. bairdi sp. nov., D. campi sp. nov., D. catahoula sp. nov., D. lycos sp. nov., and D. tilleyi sp. nov. Consequently, we recognize eight total species from populations formerly associated with the nominal species D. conanti and D. fuscus, the re-delimited concepts of which also contain additional phylogeographic lineage diversity that may represent further distinct species. In addition to existing mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic, network, and clustering results, we present preliminary analyses of linear morphometrics to bolster diagnostic specificity based on phenotypic characteristics. These changes stabilize the previously paraphyletic taxonomy of species-level lineages within Desmognathus, though additional cryptic diversity may exist both within the species considered here, and elsewhere in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences; The George Washington University; Washington; DC 20052 USA; Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; Washington; DC 20560 USA.
| | - David A Beamer
- Office of Research; Economic Development and Engagement; East Carolina University; Greenville; NC 27858 USA.
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Silva TSR, Hamer MT, Guénard B. A checklist of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from Hong Kong and Macao SARs, with an illustrated identification key for species in Southeast China and Taiwan. Zootaxa 2023; 5301:501-539. [PMID: 37518547 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5301.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Species of the ant genus Nylanderia constitute some of the most common ground dwelling Formicinae in tropical and subtropical areas. The genus includes numerous species introduced into new regions, especially within urban or disturbed environments. Here, we review the Nylanderia species found within Hong Kong and Macao, which are both highly urbanized regions and of critical importance to Southern China's policy-makers and non-governmental actors concerned with the regional spread of non-native species. A total of 11 species and 2 morphospecies are recorded in Hong Kong and 6 species and 2 morphospecies are recorded in Macao. We also provide a list of new records for the genus in Hong Kong and Macao, along with taxonomic accounts for all the species recorded. Additionally, the present work provides an illustrated identification key for the species of Nylanderia occurring in Southeast Mainland China and Taiwan. We briefly discuss the possible biogeographical implications of our findings, providing additional support to the exotic status of N. bourbonica in continental Southeast Asia. Lastly, we give our perspective on the ramifications of local inaccessibility to type specimens to current taxonomic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S R Silva
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; Pok Fu Lam Road; Hong Kong SAR; China.
| | - Matthew T Hamer
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; Pok Fu Lam Road; Hong Kong SAR; China.
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; Pok Fu Lam Road; Hong Kong SAR; China.
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9
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Golo R, Vergés A, Díaz-Tapia P, Cebrian E. Implications of taxonomic misidentification for future invasion predictions: Evidence from one of the most harmful invasive marine algae. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114970. [PMID: 37141800 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species have been a focus of concern in recent decades, becoming more problematic due to the cumulative impacts of climate change. Understanding the interactions among stress factors is essential to anticipate ecosystems' responses. Hereby, robust modeling frameworks must be able to identify the environmental drivers of invasion and forecast the current and future of their potential distribution. These studies are essential for the management of invasions and to be prepared for the future we are facing. Here we demonstrate that taxonomic misidentifications may lead to absolutely erroneous predictions, by using as an example one of the worst invasive species in the Mediterranean Sea (Lophocladia lallemandii), which has been misidentified for three decades and now is correctly identified. Consequently, and bearing in mind overall trends in species misidentification due to the loss of taxonomic expertise and the presence of cryptic species, among others, attempts to understand and predict species involved in invasion processes must always first consider taxonomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Golo
- Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Vergés
- Departament de Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - P Díaz-Tapia
- Coastal Biology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; Centro Nacional Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
| | - E Cebrian
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, CSIC, Accés Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Girona, Spain.
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Korshunova T, Grøtan VV, Johnson KB, Bakken T, Picton BE, Martynov A. Similar Ones Are Not Related and Vice Versa—New Dendronotus Taxa (Nudibranchia: Dendronotidae) from the North Atlantic Ocean Provide a Platform for Discussion of Global Marine Biodiversity Patterns. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
One new species of the genus Dendronotus (Nudibranchia: Dendronotidae) is described from Norway and Northern Ireland, as well as from the adjacent North Sea, and one new subspecies of Dendronotus arcticus is described from Norway by applying a combination of fine-scale morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. The present case demonstrates multilevel morphological and molecular similarities and differences considering on the one hand a grouping of three similar looking sympatric taxa (D. yrjargul, D. arcticus gartensis n. subsp. and D. keatleyae n. sp.), and on the other hand two different looking apparently allopatric subspecies (D. arcticus arcticus and D. arcticus gartensis n. subsp.). The type species of the genus, D. frondosus, which is the commonest dendronotid in Norway and the United Kingdom, consistently demonstrates substantial molecular and fine-scale morphological differences from D. keatleyae n. sp. The present study, apart from providing purely taxonomic information, also provides new data for a broad discussion of global biodiversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Torkild Bakken
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bernard E. Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood BT18 0EU, UK
- Marine Laboratory, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
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Riccardi A, Colletti A, Virgili R, Cerrano C. Diversity and behavior of sea slugs (Heterobranchia) in the rocky tide pools of Conero Riviera (western Adriatic Sea). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2095047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - A. Colletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - R. Virgili
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - C. Cerrano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Roma, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, Fano (PU), Italy
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12
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Palomares-Rius JE, Archidona-Yuste A, Clavero-Camacho I, de la Fuente JAC, Rey A, Viñegla B, Liébanas G, Cantalapiedra-Navarrete C, Castillo P. DNA Barcoding and Morphometry Reveal Further Cryptic Bio-Diversity within the Pin Nematode Genus Paratylenchus (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3385. [PMID: 36501423 PMCID: PMC9735703 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Paratylenchus species are obligate ectoparasitic nematodes on cultivated and wild herbaceous and woody plants occupying numerous soil categories. Several species may cause damage to several crops (viz. P. dianthus, P. enigmaticus, P. microdorus, P. hamatus and P. epacris on carnation, lettuce, rose and walnut, respectively). This investigation proves and emphasizes the relevance of applying integrative taxonomy for the accurate detection of Paratylenchus species in mountainous wild environments in the Malaga province, Southern Spain. This research analyzed 45 soil samples of maritimus pine and one of green heather in southern Spain and identified fourteen Paratylenchus species, two of them are described herein as new species (P. paraaonli sp. nov., P. plesiostraeleni sp. nov.), six of them were first reports for Spain (P. canchicus, P. nainianus, P. neonanus, P. salubris, Paratylenchus sp. 2 SAS, and P. wuae), and six species (P. caravaquenus, P. microdorus, P. nanus, P. neoamblycephalus, P. sheri, and P. variabilis) have been already reported in Spain. Accordingly, these data increase the biodiversity of pin nematodes in Spain comprising a total of 47 species (33.1% out of 142 total species of this genus). Phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal and mitochondrial markers (D2-D3, ITS, and partial COI) resulted in a consistent position for the newly described Paratylenchus species in this study (P. plesiostraeleni sp. nov., P. paraaonli sp. nov.). Paratylenchus plesiostraeleni sp. nov. grouped in a separated subclade as unequivocal species from the P. straeleni-complex species (including P. straeleni and P. parastraeleni), and P. paraaonli sp. nov. clustered with P. vitecus, but clearly separate from this species. This study indicates that Paratylenchus species diversity in natural environments may be higher than expected, and this study may help in accurate identifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Archidona-Yuste
- Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Centro Alameda del Obispo, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ilenia Clavero-Camacho
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - José A. Carreira de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Campus ‘Las Lagunillas’ s/n, Edificio B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana Rey
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales—CSIC, José Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamín Viñegla
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Campus ‘Las Lagunillas’ s/n, Edificio B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Gracia Liébanas
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén, Campus ‘Las Lagunillas’ s/n, Edificio B3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Castillo
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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Rogers AD, Appeltans W, Assis J, Ballance LT, Cury P, Duarte C, Favoretto F, Hynes LA, Kumagai JA, Lovelock CE, Miloslavich P, Niamir A, Obura D, O'Leary BC, Ramirez-Llodra E, Reygondeau G, Roberts C, Sadovy Y, Steeds O, Sutton T, Tittensor DP, Velarde E, Woodall L, Aburto-Oropeza O. Discovering marine biodiversity in the 21st century. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2022; 93:23-115. [PMID: 36435592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We review the current knowledge of the biodiversity of the ocean as well as the levels of decline and threat for species and habitats. The lack of understanding of the distribution of life in the ocean is identified as a significant barrier to restoring its biodiversity and health. We explore why the science of taxonomy has failed to deliver knowledge of what species are present in the ocean, how they are distributed and how they are responding to global and regional to local anthropogenic pressures. This failure prevents nations from meeting their international commitments to conserve marine biodiversity with the results that investment in taxonomy has declined in many countries. We explore a range of new technologies and approaches for discovery of marine species and their detection and monitoring. These include: imaging methods, molecular approaches, active and passive acoustics, the use of interconnected databases and citizen science. Whilst no one method is suitable for discovering or detecting all groups of organisms many are complementary and have been combined to give a more complete picture of biodiversity in marine ecosystems. We conclude that integrated approaches represent the best way forwards for accelerating species discovery, description and biodiversity assessment. Examples of integrated taxonomic approaches are identified from terrestrial ecosystems. Such integrated taxonomic approaches require the adoption of cybertaxonomy approaches and will be boosted by new autonomous sampling platforms and development of machine-speed exchange of digital information between databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway; Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Ward Appeltans
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Jorge Assis
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lisa T Ballance
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States
| | | | - Carlos Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabio Favoretto
- Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Lisa A Hynes
- Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joy A Kumagai
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Miloslavich
- Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela & Scientific Committee for Oceanic Research (SCOR), Newark, DE, United States
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Bethan C O'Leary
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom; Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Ramirez-Llodra
- REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway; Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Yale Center for Biodiversity Movement and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Callum Roberts
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Sadovy
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Oliver Steeds
- Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Sutton
- Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Dania Beach, FL, United States
| | | | - Enriqueta Velarde
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Lucy Woodall
- Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Petersen HC, Hansen BW, Knott KE, Banta GT. Species and genetic diversity relationships in benthic macroinvertebrate communities along a salinity gradient. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:125. [PMID: 36324063 PMCID: PMC9632067 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species- and genetic diversity can change in parallel, resulting in a species-genetic diversity correlation (SGDC) and raising the question if the same drivers influence both biological levels of diversity. The SGDC can be either positive or negative, depending on whether the species diversity and the genetic diversity of the measured species respond in the same or opposite way to drivers. Using a traditional species diversity approach together with ultra-conserved elements and high throughput sequencing, we evaluated the SGDCs in benthic macrofauna communities in the Baltic Sea, a geologically young brackish water sea characterised by its steep salinity gradient and low species richness. Assessing SGDCs from six focal marine invertebrate species from different taxonomic groups and with differing life histories and ecological functions on both a spatial and temporal scale gives a more comprehensive insight into the community dynamics of this young ecosystem and the extrinsic factors that might drive the SGDCs. RESULTS No significant correlations between species diversity and genetic diversity were found for any of the focal species. However, both negative and positive trends of SGDCs for the individual focal species were observed. When examining the environmental drivers, no common trends between the species were found, even when restricting the analysis to specific taxonomic classes. Additionally, there were no common environmental factors driving the diversity relationships for species sharing the same SGDC trend (positive or negative). Local population dynamics, together with the invasion history of the individual species and their unique adaptation to the distinctive environment of the Baltic Sea, are expected to be of major influence on the outcome of the SGDCs. CONCLUSIONS The present results highlight the importance of assessing SGDCs using multiple species, not just a single indicator species. This emphasises a need to pay attention to the ecology and life history of the focal species. This study also provides insight into the large differences in both patterns and drivers of genetic diversity, which is important when including genetic biodiversity in conservation plans. We conclude that the effects of environmental and biological factors and processes that affects diversity patterns at both the community and genetic levels are likely species dependent, even in an environment such as the Baltic Sea with strong environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Cecilie Petersen
- grid.11702.350000 0001 0672 1325Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Benni W. Hansen
- grid.11702.350000 0001 0672 1325Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - K. Emily Knott
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Gary T. Banta
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5238 Odense M, Denmark
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15
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Penna A, Dillon R, Bearder SK, Karlsson J, Perkin A, Pozzi L. Phylogeography and evolutionary lineage diversity in the small-eared greater galago, Otolemur garnettii (Primates: Galagidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Assessing the true lineage diversity in elusive nocturnal organisms is particularly challenging due to their subtle phenotypic variation in diagnostic traits. The cryptic small-eared greater galago (Otolemur garnettii) offers a great opportunity to test if currently recognized subspecies, suggested by discontinuities in coat colour pattern and geographic barriers, represent distinct evolutionary lineages. To answer this question, we conducted the first population-level phylogeographic study of the species, sampling wild specimens from across almost its entire latitudinal range, including the Zanzibar Archipelago. We applied five species-delimitation algorithms to investigate the genetic diversity and distribution pattern of mitochondrial DNA across the geographic range of three out of four subspecies. Our results suggest that far-northern populations of O. g. lasiotis potentially represent an independently evolving lineage, but populations assigned to O. g. garnettii from Zanzibar Island and of O. g panganiensis from mainland Tanzania do not constitute two independent lineages. A dated phylogeny suggests that this northern clade diverged from all remaining samples approximately 4 Mya. Such old divergence age is in line with the split between many galagid species. This northern lineage could potentially represent an incipient species; however, there is not yet enough evidence to support a new taxonomic status for this unique mitochondrial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Penna
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas , USA
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rosemarie Dillon
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas , USA
| | - Simon K Bearder
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Johan Karlsson
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Andrew Perkin
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Luca Pozzi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas , USA
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16
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Chou MH, Chu IH, Lau D, Huang JP. Integrative species delimitation reveals fine-scale allopatric speciation in a good-flying insect: a case study on. INVERTEBR SYST 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/is22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alpha taxonomy is fundamental for many biological fields. Delineation of the species boundary, however, can be challenging in a species complex, where different species share a similar morphology and diagnostic characters may not be available. In this context, integrative approaches that incorporate molecular and morphological data sets, and account for speciation history can be helpful to alpha taxonomy. Different approaches to species delimitation based on different assumptions are complementary and by integrating the results from multiple approaches we can generate a more reliable and objective taxonomic decision. In this study, we applied three molecular approaches to species delimitation and inferred the demographic history based on an isolation with migration model to test a morphologically based taxonomic hypothesis for the Cylindera pseudocylindriformis complex. We discuss the association between genetic divergence and microhabitat specialisation, and further corroborate that C. subtilis sp. nov. is a valid new species by integrating the results from model-based species delimitation and the genealogical divergence index. We argue that genetic endemism can occur at a small geographic scale, even in a winged insect like tiger beetles. Our results also indicated that there may still be undocumented species diversity of Taiwanese Cylindera remaining to be discovered. ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9DEC1432-365C-4872-8D06-73B95F30624F
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17
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Oliveira JJSD, Capelari M, Margaritescu S, Moncalvo JM. Disentangling Cryptic Species in the Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. and M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. Species Complexes (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2022. [DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadson José Souza de Oliveira
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301-012, São Paulo, SP (Brazil) and Coordenação de Biodiversidade (COBIO) and Divisão da Pós-graduação em Botânica (DIBOT), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazôni
| | - Marina Capelari
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301-012, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)
| | - Simona Margaritescu
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park M5S 2C6, Toronto, ON (Canada)
| | - Jean-Marc Moncalvo
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park M5S 2C6, Toronto, ON (Canada) and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, M5S 3B2, Toronto, ON (Canada)
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18
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Halasan LC, Lin HC. Integrated morphometrics reveals conservatism in the cryptic yellowstripe scad (Perciformes: Carangidae) lineages from the Tropical Western Pacific. ZOOL ANZ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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19
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Depickère S, Villacís AG, Santillán-Guayasamín S, Callapa Rafael JE, Brenière SF, Revollo Zepita S. Rhodnius (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Triatominae) genus in Bolivian Amazonia: a risk for human populations? PARASITES & VECTORS 2022; 15:307. [PMID: 36038947 PMCID: PMC9426019 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Chagas disease, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the countries of Latin America, is considered to be a particularly important public health concern in the Amazon region due to increases in the number of outbreaks of acute Chagas disease and increased local transmission in the last 20 years. However, relative to other countries, in Bolivia there is little information available on its transmission in the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to investigate the infestation of palm trees, the main habitat of Triatominae in the region, in several localities, to evaluate the danger they represent to inhabitants. Methods Triatominae were collected using live bait traps left overnight in six localities in Pando and Beni Departments, Bolivia. DNA extraction and sequencing were used to establish the Triatominae species (Cytb, 16S and 28S-D2 gene fragments), and the blood meal sources (Cytb fragment). Trypanosoma sp. infection was analyzed by sequencing gene fragments (GPX, GPI, HMCOAR, LAP, PDH and COII) or by mini-exon multiplex PCR. Results A total of 325 Rhodnius were captured (97.3% of nymphs) from the 1200 traps placed in 238 palm trees and 32 burrows/ground holes. Sequence analyses on DNA extracted from 114 insects and phylogeny analysis identified two triatomine species: Rhodnius stali (17%) and Rhodnius montenegrensis (equated to Rhodnius robustus II, 83%). These were found in palm trees of the genera Attalea (69%), Astrocaryum (13%), Copernicia (12%), Euterpe (2%) and Acrocomia (1%). The infection rate was around 30% (165 analyzed insects), with 90% of analyzed insects infected by Trypanosoma cruzi (only the TcI discrete typing unit was detected), 3% infected by Trypanosoma rangeli (first time found in Bolivian Triatominae) and 7% infected by mixed T. cruzi (TcI)-T. rangeli. Rhodnius specimens fed on Didelphidae, rodents, gecko and humans. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the epidemiological importance of Rhodnius in the Bolivian Amazon region. The huge geographical distribution of Rhodnius and their proximity to the human dwellings, high infection rate and frequent meals on the human population highlight a risk of transmission of Chagas disease in the region. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05423-3.
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20
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Korshunova T, Martynov A. Increased information on biodiversity from the neglected part of the North Pacific contributes to the understanding of phylogeny and taxonomy of nudibranch molluscs. CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the biological diversity, involving molecular phylogenetic methods, is a fundamental task for a broad array of evolutionary, taxonomic, and ecological studies, as well as a basis for conservation. Our hydrobiological survey during an expedition in 2021 to the coastal waters of the Kuril Islands (the northwestern Pacific) revealed the undocumented diversity of the nudibranch molluscs. Two new species of the genera Zelentia and Cuthonella are described here using analysis of fine-scale morphological and molecular data. Representatives of the genus Zelentia prior to this study were known only from the North Atlantic and from the Canadian and US northeastern Pacific. In addition, two new distributional records of the previously described species Cuthonella denbei Korshunova et al., 2020 and Cuthonella soboli Martynov, 1992 are presented here for the first time. The molecular phylogenetic framework for the majority of the species of the genera Cuthonella and Zelentia, including the two new species, confirmed the taxonomic distinctness of the genus Zelentia (family Trinchesiidae) and the genus Cuthonella (family Cuthonellidae), and represents another important result of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Korshunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Vavilova Str. 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Martynov
- Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Marrón-Becerra A, Hermoso-Salazar M. Morphological comparison and description of five new species of Hyalella (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Veracruz and Mexico City. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2078241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Marrón-Becerra
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Hermoso-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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22
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Rosenberg G, Auffenberg K, Bank R, Bieler R, Bouchet P, Herbert D, Köhler F, Neubauer TA, Neubert E, Páll-Gergely B, Richling I, Schneider S. Adapting mark-recapture methods to estimating accepted species-level diversity: a case study with terrestrial Gastropoda. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13139. [PMID: 35757168 PMCID: PMC9231345 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a new method of estimating accepted species diversity by adapting mark-recapture methods to comparisons of taxonomic databases. A taxonomic database should become more complete over time, so the error bar on an estimate of its completeness and the known diversity of the taxon it treats will decrease. Independent databases can be correlated, so we use the time course of estimates comparing them to understand the effect of correlation. If a later estimate is significantly larger than an earlier one, the databases are positively correlated, if it is significantly smaller, they are negatively correlated, and if the estimate remains roughly constant, then the correlations have averaged out. We tested this method by estimating how complete MolluscaBase is for accepted names of terrestrial gastropods. Using random samples of names from an independent database, we determined whether each name led to a name accepted in MolluscaBase. A sample tested in August 2020 found that 16.7% of tested names were missing; one in July 2021 found 5.3% missing. MolluscaBase grew by almost 3,000 accepted species during this period, reaching 27,050 species. The estimates ranged from 28,409 ± 365 in 2021 to 29,063 ± 771 in 2020. All estimates had overlapping 95% confidence intervals, indicating that correlations between the databases did not cause significant problems. Uncertainty beyond sampling error added 475 ± 430 species, so our estimate for accepted terrestrial gastropods species at the end of 2021 is 28,895 ± 630 species. This estimate is more than 4,000 species higher than previous ones. The estimate does not account for ongoing flux of species into and out of synonymy, new discoveries, or changing taxonomic methods and concepts. The species naming curve for terrestrial gastropods is still far from reaching an asymptote, and combined with the additional uncertainties, this means that predicting how many more species might ultimately be recognized is presently not feasible. Our methods can be applied to estimate the total number of names of Recent mollusks (as opposed to names currently accepted), the known diversity of fossil mollusks, and known diversity in other phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Rosenberg
- Malacology Department, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States,Biodiversity, Earth and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kurt Auffenberg
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ruud Bank
- Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rüdiger Bieler
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Philippe Bouchet
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - David Herbert
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Köhler
- Malacology Department, Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Neubauer
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany,Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,SNSB - Bavarian State Collection for Paleontology and Geology, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Neubert
- Natural History Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barna Páll-Gergely
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ira Richling
- Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany
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Clarifying the taxonomy of some cryptic blennies (Blenniidae) in their native and introduced range. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9514. [PMID: 35680914 PMCID: PMC9184548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Omobranchus punctatus is native to the Indo-Pacific region and invasive in the Atlantic region, currently being considered one of the most widely distributed blenny species. However, recent molecular studies indicated that O. punctatus is a complex of species, with three divergent mtDNA lineages identified to date, stressing the need for a taxonomic revision. In this study, we used an integrative approach, combining morphological and genetic data, to shed light on the taxonomy and distribution of O. punctatus. Moreover, we provide the first genetic records of introduced populations in Brazil and discuss the introduction pattern of this species in this region. Morphological data shows that O. punctatus consists of at least five distinct and geographically restricted species: O. punctatus sensu stricto, O. dispar, O. sewalli, O. cf. kochi, and O. cf. japonicus. Species delimitation analyses performed using the mtDNA data available confirmed that O. punctatus sensu stricto, O. dispar and O. sewalli correspond to different species that started to diverge about 2.6 Mya. Furthermore, O. sewalli was identified as the invasive species colonizing Atlantic shores. The existence of historical oceanographic barriers, such as the emergence of the Sunda Shelf in the Eastern Indian Ocean during the Pleistocene, and the biological traits of these blennies are the most likely factors responsible for their genetic differentiation and subsequent speciation.
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Salvador X, Fernández-Vilert R, Moles J. Sea slug night fever: 39 new records of elusive heterobranchs in the western Mediterranean (Mollusca: Gastropoda). J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Salvador
- Catalan Opisthobranch Research Group (GROC), Pontós, Spain
- EMBIMOS, Department of Physical & Technological Oceanography (CSIC), Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Fernández-Vilert
- Catalan Opisthobranch Research Group (GROC), Pontós, Spain
- IRBio, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Moles
- Catalan Opisthobranch Research Group (GROC), Pontós, Spain
- IRBio, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Paz‐Sedano S, Martín Álvarez JF, Gosliner TM, Pola M. Reassessing North Eastern Atlantic‐Mediterranean species of
Trapania
(Mollusca, Nudibranchia). ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Paz‐Sedano
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Terrence M. Gosliner
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco California USA
| | - Marta Pola
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM) Madrid Spain
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Juszkiewicz DJ, White NE, Stolarski J, Benzoni F, Arrigoni R, Baird AH, Hoeksema BW, Wilson NG, Bunce M, Richards ZT. Full Title: Phylogeography of recent Plesiastrea (Scleractinia: Plesiastreidae) based on an integrated taxonomic approach. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 172:107469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Martinsson S, Malmberg K, Bakken T, Korshunova T, Martynov A, Lundin K. Species delimitation and phylogeny of
Doto
(Nudibranchia: Dotidae) from the Northeast Atlantic, with a discussion on food specialization. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svante Martinsson
- Systematics and Biodiversity Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Torkild Bakken
- NTNU University Museum Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | | | | | - Kennet Lundin
- Gothenburg Natural History Museum Gothenburg Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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28
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Lienhard A, Krisper G. Hidden biodiversity in microarthropods (Acari, Oribatida, Eremaeoidea, Caleremaeus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23123. [PMID: 34848782 PMCID: PMC8632897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A challenge for taxonomists all over the world and across all taxonomic groups is recognizing and delimiting species, and cryptic species are even more challenging. However, an accurate identification is fundamental for all biological studies from ecology to conversation biology. We used a multidisciplinary approach including genetics as well as morphological and ecological data to assess if an easily recognizable, widely distributed and euryoecious mite taxon represents one and the same species. According to phylogenetic (based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes) and species delimitation analyses, five distinct putative species were detected and supported by high genetic distances. These genetic lineages correlate well with ecological data, and each species could be associated to its own (micro)habitat. Subsequently, slight morphological differences were found and provide additional evidence that five different species occur in Central and Southern Europe. The minuteness and the characteristic habitus of Caleremaeus monilipes tempted to neglect potential higher species diversity. This problem might concern several other "well-known" euryoecious microarthropods. Five new species of the genus Caleremaeus are described, namely Caleremaeus mentobellus sp. nov., C. lignophilus sp. nov., C. alpinus sp. nov., C. elevatus sp. nov., and C. hispanicus sp. nov. Additionally, a morphological evaluation of C. monilipes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lienhard
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Günther Krisper
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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29
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Goulding TC, Khalil M, Tan SH, Cumming RA, Dayrat B. Global diversification and evolutionary history of onchidiid slugs (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 168:107360. [PMID: 34793980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many marine species are specialized to specific parts of a habitat. In a mangrove forest, for instance, species may be restricted to the mud surface, the roots and trunks of mangrove trees, or rotting logs, which can be regarded as distinct microhabitats. Shifts to new microhabitats may be an important driver of sympatric speciation. However, the evolutionary history of these shifts is still poorly understood in most groups of marine organisms, because it requires a well-supported phylogeny with relatively complete taxon sampling. Onchidiid slugs are an ideal case study for the evolutionary history of habitat and microhabitat shifts because onchidiid species are specialized to different tidal zones and microhabitats in mangrove forests and rocky shores, and the taxonomy of the family in the Indo-West Pacific has been recently revised in a series of monographs. Here, DNA sequences for onchidiid species from the North and East Pacific, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic are used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Onchidella species, and are combined with new data for Indo-West Pacific species to reconstruct a global phylogeny of the family. The phylogenetic relationships of onchidiid slugs are reconstructed based on three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, 16S) and three nuclear markers (28S, ITS2, H3) and nearly complete taxon sampling (all 13 genera and 62 of the 67 species). The highly-supported phylogeny presented here suggests that ancestral onchidiids most likely lived in the rocky intertidal, and that a lineage restricted to the tropical Indo-West Pacific colonized new habitats, including mudflats, mangrove forests, and high-elevation rainforests. Many onchidiid species in the Indo-West Pacific diverged during the Miocene, around the same time that a high diversity of mangrove plants appears in the fossil record, while divergence among Onchidella species occurred earlier, likely beginning in the Eocene. It is demonstrated that ecological specialization to microhabitats underlies the divergence between onchidiid genera, as well as the diversification through sympatric speciation in the genera Wallaconchis and Platevindex. The geographic distributions of onchidiid species also indicate that allopatric speciation played a key role in the diversification of several genera, especially Onchidella and Peronia. The evolutionary history of several morphological traits (penial gland, rectal gland, dorsal eyes, intestinal loops) is examined in relation to habitat and microhabitat evolutionary transitions and that the rectal gland of onchidiids is an adaptation to high intertidal and terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia C Goulding
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Munawar Khalil
- Department of Marine Science, Universitas Malikussaleh, Reuleut Main Campus, Kecamatan Muara Batu, North Aceh, Aceh 24355, Indonesia
| | - Shau Hwai Tan
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden Penang, Malaysia; Marine Science Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca A Cumming
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Benoît Dayrat
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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30
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Korshunova TA, Driessen FMF, Picton BE, Martynov AV. The multilevel organismal diversity approach deciphers difficult to distinguish nudibranch species complex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18323. [PMID: 34526521 PMCID: PMC8443629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species identification is a key procedure for broad-scoped ecological, phylogeographic and evolutionary studies. However, to perform a taxonomic study in the molecular era is a complicated task that has many pitfalls. In the present study we use particular examples of common but difficult to distinguish European species within the genus of Polycera (Nudibranchia, Mollusca) to discuss the general issues of the "cryptic species" problem that has broad biological and interdisciplinary importance and can significantly impede ecological, evolutionary, and other biodiversity-related research. The largest dataset of molecular and morphological information for European nudibranchs ever applied encompasses a wide geographical area and shapes a robust framework in this study. Four species are recognized in the species complex, including a new one. It is shown that a lack of appropriate taxonomic analysis led recently to considerable errors in species identity assessment of this complex. Chromatic polymorphism for each species is mapped in a periodic-like framework and combined with statistical analysis of the diagnostic features that considerably facilitates identification of particular species in the complex for biologists and practitioners. The present study evidently shows that "cryptic" and "non-cryptic" components are present within the same species. Therefore, this species complex is well suited for the exploring and testing of general biological problems. One of the main conclusions of this study is that division of biological diversity into "cryptic" and "non-cryptic" components is counterproductive. We propose that the central biological phenomenon of a species can instead be universally designated as multilevel organismal diversity thereby provide a practical set of methods for its investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Korshunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova Str., 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Floor M F Driessen
- Bureau Waardenburg BV, Aquatic Ecology, Varkensmarkt 9, 4101 CK, Culemborg, The Netherlands.,Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard E Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, BT18 0EU, UK.,Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alexander V Martynov
- Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009, Moscow, Russia.
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31
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Sousa-Paula LCD, Pessoa FAC, Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F. Beyond taxonomy: species complexes in New World phlebotomine sand flies. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:267-283. [PMID: 33480064 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A species complex (= species group, species series) is an assemblage of species, which are related morphologically and phylogenetically. Recent research has revealed several arthropod vector species that were believed to be a single nominal species actually representing a group of closely related species, which are sometimes morphologically indistinguishable at one or more developmental stages. In some instances, differences in terms of vector competence, capacity, or both have been recorded. It highlights the importance of detecting and studying species complexes to improve our understanding of pathogen transmission patterns, which may be vectored more or less efficiently by different species within the complex. Considering more than 540 species, about one-third of the phlebotomine sand flies in the New World present males and/or females morphologically indistinguishable to one or more species. Remarkably, several of these species may act in transmission of pathogenic agents. In this article, we review recent research on species complexes in phlebotomine sand flies from the Americas. Possible practical implications of recently acquired knowledge and future research needs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C de Sousa-Paula
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - F A C Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Leônidas e Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - D Otranto
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - F Dantas-Torres
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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32
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Feliciano K, Malaquias MAE, Stout C, Brenzinger B, Gosliner TM, Valdés Á. Molecular and morphological analyses reveal pseudocryptic diversity in Micromelo undatus (Bruguière, 1792) (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Aplustridae). SYST BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2021.1939458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Manuel António E. Malaquias
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PB7800, Bergen, N-5020, Norway
| | - Carla Stout
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Bastian Brenzinger
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstraße 21, München, 81247, Germany
| | - Terrence M. Gosliner
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA
| | - Ángel Valdés
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, USA
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33
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A taxonomist's nightmare - Cryptic diversity in Caribbean intertidal arthropods (Arachnida, Acari, Oribatida). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107240. [PMID: 34197900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There has been a long controversy about what defines a species and how to delimitate them which resulted in the existence of more than two dozen different species concepts. Recent research on so-called "cryptic species" heated up this debate as some scientists argue that these cryptic species are only a result of incompatible species concepts. While this may be true, we should keep in mind that all concepts are nothing more than human constructs and that the phenomenon of high phenotypic similarity despite reproductive isolation is real. To investigate and understand this phenomenon it is important to classify and name cryptic species as it allows to communicate them with other fields of science that use Linnaean binomials. To provide a common framework for the description of cryptic species, we propose a possible protocol of how to formally name and describe these taxa in practice. The most important point of this protocol is to explain which species concept was used to delimitate the cryptic taxon. As a model, we present the case of the allegedly widespread Caribbean intertidal mite Thalassozetes barbara, which in fact consists of seven phenotypically very similar but genetically distinct species. All species are island or short-range endemics with poor dispersal abilities that have evolved in geographic isolation. Stabilizing selection caused by the extreme conditions of the intertidal environment is suggested to be responsible for the morphological stasis of this cryptic species complex.
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34
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Long-term stasis in acariform mites provides evidence for morphologically stable evolution: Molecular vs. morphological differentiation in Linopodes (Acariformes; Prostigmata). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107237. [PMID: 34147656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular species delimitation, usually by COI DNA barcoding, shows that cryptic speciation is a common phenomenon observed in most animal phyla. Cryptic species have frequently been observed among all major taxa of mites. The mites of the eupodoid genus Linopodes are cosmopolitan in distribution and are most often found in soil-related habitats. Currently, the genus consists of 22 morphologically similar species, which, in practice, are indistinguishable on the basis of their morphological features. The diagnostic issue of the Linopodes species may be caused by the poor delineation of the species, which need taxonomic revision, or the low morphological variability among cryptic species. In this paper, we present the results of molecular species delimitation carried out using sampled Linopodes populations and the level of morphological inter/intraspecific variation within defined groups. We compared COI, 18S and 28S sequence data together with morphological characters. The molecular delimitation revealed seven well-defined species of Linopodes based on DNA sequences. A well-supported phylogenetic tree revealed the same seven species, while morphological analysis showed negligible phenotypic differentiation among the species revealed. We demonstrate that mites can undergo changes in their DNA accompanied by morphological stasis lasting at least 80 MY.
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35
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Davis HR, Das I, Leaché AD, Karin BR, Brennan IG, Jackman TR, Nashriq I, Onn Chan K, Bauer AM. Genetically diverse yet morphologically conserved: Hidden diversity revealed among Bornean geckos (Gekkonidae:
Cyrtodactylus
). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R. Davis
- Department of Biology Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Department of Biology Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship Villanova University Villanova PA USA
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Adam D. Leaché
- Department of Biology Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Benjamin R. Karin
- Department of Integrative Biology Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Ian G. Brennan
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Todd R. Jackman
- Department of Biology Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship Villanova University Villanova PA USA
| | - Izneil Nashriq
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Kin Onn Chan
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship Villanova University Villanova PA USA
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36
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Zimmermann BL, Buzatto I, Santos S, Giri F, Teixeira de Mello F, Crandall KA, Pérez‐Losada M, Bartholomei‐Santos ML. Entangled Aeglidae (Decapoda, Anomura): Additional evidence for cryptic species. ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L. Zimmermann
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul Ibirubá Brazil
| | - Ivanice Buzatto
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Sandro Santos
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Federico Giri
- Laboratorio de Macrocrustáceos Instituto Nacional de Limnología Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Franco Teixeira de Mello
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental Centro Universitario Regional Este (CURE) Universidad de la República Maldonado Uruguay
| | - Keith A. Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute George Washington University Washington DC USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology US National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
| | - Marcos Pérez‐Losada
- Computational Biology Institute George Washington University Washington DC USA
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology US National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
- CIBIO‐InBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Vairão Portugal
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37
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Baumann J. Patterns of intraspecific morphological variability in soil mites reflect their dispersal ability. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 83:241-255. [PMID: 33492556 PMCID: PMC7851010 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to disperse is one of the most important factors influencing the biogeography of species and speciation processes. Highly mobile species have been shown to lack geographic population structures, whereas less mobile species show genetically strongly subdivided populations which are expected to also display at least subtle phenotypic differences. Geometric morphometric methods (GMM) were now used to analyze morphological differences between European populations of a presumed non-phoretic, little mobile mite species in comparison to a highly mobile, phoretic species. The non-phoretic species Scutacarus carinthiacus showed a phenotypic population structure, whereas the phoretic species S. acarorum displayed homogeneity. These different patterns most probably can be explained by different levels of gene flow due to different dispersal abilities of the two species. GMM proved to be a sensitive tool that is especially recommendable for the analysis of (old) museum material and/or specimens in microscopic slides, which are not suitable for molecular genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baumann
- Institute of Biology, Department of Biodiversity and Evolution, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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38
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39
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Alves PV, Chambrier A, Luque JL, Scholz T. Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden cestode diversity in
Pimelodus
catfishes in the Neotropics. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe V. Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Alain Chambrier
- Department of Invertebrates Natural History Museum Geneva Switzerland
| | - José L. Luque
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brazil
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic České Budějovice Czech Republic
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40
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Marchán DF, Fernández R, Domínguez J, Díaz Cosín DJ, Novo M. Genome-informed integrative taxonomic description of three cryptic species in the earthworm genus Carpetania (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae). SYST BIODIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2020.1730474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernández Marchán
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, E-36310, Spain
| | - Rosa Fernández
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat, Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-,49, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, E-36310, Spain
| | - Darío J. Díaz Cosín
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Novo
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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41
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Korshunova T, Malmberg K, Prkić J, Petani A, Fletcher K, Lundin K, Martynov A. Fine-scale species delimitation: speciation in process and periodic patterns in nudibranch diversity. Zookeys 2020; 917:15-50. [PMID: 32206016 PMCID: PMC7076062 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.917.47444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the nudibranch genus Amphorina as a model, ongoing speciation is demonstrated, as well as how periodic-like patterns in colouration can be included in an integrated method of fine-scale species delimitation. By combining several methods, including BPP analysis and the study of molecular, morphological, and ecological data from a large number of specimens within a broad geographic range from northern Europe to the Mediterranean, five species are recognised within the genus Amphorina, reviewed here for the first time. Two new species from the southwestern coast of Sweden are described, A. viriola sp. nov. and A. andra sp. nov. Evidence is provided of a recent speciation process between the two closely related, yet separate, species which inhabit the same geographic localities but demonstrate strict water depth differentiation, with one species inhabiting the shallow brackish top layer above the halocline and the other species inhabiting the underlying saltier water. The results presented here are of relevance for currently debated issues such as conservation in relation to speciation, fine species delimitation, and integration of molecular, morphological and ecological information in biodiversity studies. The periodic approach to biological taxonomy has considerable practical potential for various organismal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Korshunova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS Moscow Russia.,Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009 Moscow, Russia Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Klas Malmberg
- Aquatilis, Nostravägen 11, S-41743, Gothenburg, Sweden Aquatilis Gothenburgh Sweden
| | - Jakov Prkić
- Getaldiceva 11, C 21000 Split, Croatia Unaffiliated Split Croatia
| | - Alen Petani
- Put Kotlara 6, C 23000 Zadar, Croatia Unaffiliated Zadar Croatia
| | - Karin Fletcher
- Port Orchard, Washington, 98366, USA Unaffiliated Port Orchard United States of America
| | - Kennet Lundin
- Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Box 7283, SE-40235, Gothenburg, Sweden Gothenburg Natural History Museum Gothenburg Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Box 461, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Alexander Martynov
- Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str. 6, 125009 Moscow, Russia Moscow State University Moscow Russia
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42
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Korshunova T, Fletcher K, Picton B, Lundin K, Kashio S, Sanamyan N, Sanamyan K, Padula V, Schrödl M, Martynov A. The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dorids are one of the largest nudibranch groups, encompassing more than 2000 species. One of the crucial problems with tracing the evolution of dorids is the relationship between cryptobranch dorids (gill cavity present) and phanerobranch dorids (gill cavity absent). Integrative morphological and molecular studies of the enigmatic Japanese dorid species of the cryptobranch genus Cadlina, C. japonica and ‘C.’ sagamiensis, which were collected by the Emperor of Japan (Shōwa era), are presented here for the first time. It is shown that while C. japonica does belong to the Cadlina clade, another Japanese species ‘C.’ sagamiensis is not part of the cryptobranch dorids of the family Cadlinidae, but is related to both the phanerobranch dorid family, Hexabranchidae, and to the cryptobranch family Cadlinellidae stat. nov. A new genus, Showajidaia gen. nov., and new family, Showajidaiidae fam. nov., are proposed for ‘C.’ sagamiensis, and four new species of the genus Cadlina are described based on a dorid-wide molecular phylogenetic analysis, which is the first substantial update of the dorid family system since 2010. Integration of phylogenetic data with an ontogenetic model of dorid evolution suggests that cryptobranch organization can be most reliably assessed as the ancestral state for the majority of dorids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernard Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Cultra, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Kennet Lundin
- Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sho Kashio
- Natural History Museum, Kishiwada City, Sakaimachi, Kishiwada, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Nadezhda Sanamyan
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Karen Sanamyan
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Vinicius Padula
- National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michael Schrödl
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstr. 21, München, and Biozentrum and GeoBioCenter LMU Munich, Germany
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Wang A, Conti-Jerpe IE, Richards JL, Baker DM. Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade. Zookeys 2020; 909:1-24. [PMID: 32089632 PMCID: PMC7015969 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.909.35278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phestillasubodiosussp. nov. (Nudibranchia: Trinchesiidae) is a novel species that feeds on corals in the genus Montipora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) which are economically important in the aquarium industry. Nuclear-encoded H3, 28SC1-C2, and mitochondrial-encoded COI and 16S markers were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), morphological data, and feeding specialization all support the designation of Phestillasubodiosussp. nov. as a distinct species. Although new to science, Phestillasubodiosussp. nov. had been extensively reported by aquarium hobbyists as a prolific pest over the past two decades. The species fell into a well-studied genus, which could facilitate research into its control in reef aquaria. Our phylogenetic analysis also revealed Tenelliachaetopterana formed a well-supported clade with Phestilla. Based upon a literature review, its original morphological description, and our phylogenetic hypothesis, we reclassified this species as Phestillachaetopteranacomb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wang
- Chinese International School, Hau Yuen Path, Braemar Hill, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Inga Elizabeth Conti-Jerpe
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - David Michael Baker
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR
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Cerca J, Meyer C, Purschke G, Struck TH. Delimitation of cryptic species drastically reduces the geographical ranges of marine interstitial ghost-worms (Stygocapitella; Annelida, Sedentaria). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 143:106663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martynov A, Lundin K, Picton B, Fletcher K, Malmberg K, Korshunova T. Multiple paedomorphic lineages of soft-substrate burrowing invertebrates: parallels in the origin of Xenocratena and Xenoturbella. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227173. [PMID: 31940379 PMCID: PMC6961895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Paedomorphosis is an important evolutionary force. It has previously been suggested that a soft-substrate sediment-dwelling (infaunal) environment facilitates paedomorphic evolution in marine invertebrates. However, until recently this proposal was never rigorously tested with robust phylogeny and broad taxon selection. Here, for the first time, we present a molecular phylogeny for a majority of the 21 families of one of the largest nudibranch subgroups (Aeolidacea) and show that the externally highly simplified vermiform nudibranch family, Pseudovermidae, with clearly defined paedomorphic traits and inhabiting a soft-substrata environment, is a sister group to the complex nudibranch family, Cumanotidae. We also report the rediscovery of one of the most enigmatic nudibranchs-Xenocratena suecica-on the Swedish and Norwegian coasts 70 years after it was first found. Xenocratena was described from the same location and environment in the Swedish Gullmar fjord as one of the most enigmatic vermiform organisms, Xenoturbella bocki, which represents either an original simple bilaterian body plan or secondary simplification of a more complex organisation. Our results show that Xenocratena suecica reveals an onset of parallel paedomorphic evolution so we have proposed the new family, Xenocratenidae fam. n., to accommodate the molecular and morphological disparities we discovered. The paedomorphic origin of another aeolidacean family, Embletoniidae, is also demonstrated for the first time. Thus, by presenting three independent lineages from non-closely related aeolidacean families, Xenocratenidae fam. n., Cumanotidae and Embletoniidae, we confirm with phylogenetic data that a soft-substrata burrowing-related environment strongly favours paedomorphic evolution. We suggest criteria to distinguish ancestral and derived characters in the context of modifications of ontogenetic cycles. Applying an evolutionary model of the soft substrate-driven multiple paedomorphic origin of several families of nudibranch molluscs we propose that it is plausible to extend this model to other marine invertebrates and suggest that the ancestral organisation of the enigmatic metazoan, Xenoturbella, might correspond to the larval part of a complex ancestral bilaterian ontogenetic cycle with sedentary/semi-sedentary adult stages and planula-like larval stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kennet Lundin
- Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernard Picton
- National Museums Northern Ireland, Holywood, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Fletcher
- Milltech Marine, Port Orchard, Washington, United States of America
| | - Klas Malmberg
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Aquatilis, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Korshunova
- Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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