1
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Sharma V, Sharma DP, Salwan R. Surviving the stress: Understanding the molecular basis of plant adaptations and uncovering the role of mycorrhizal association in plant abiotic stresses. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106772. [PMID: 38969183 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stresses severely impair plant growth, resulting in significant crop yield and quality loss. Among various abiotic factors, salt and drought stresses are one of the major factors that affect the nutrients and water uptake by the plants, hence ultimately various physiological aspects of the plants that compromises crop yield. Continuous efforts have been made to investigate, dissect and improve plant adaptations at the molecular level in response to drought and salinity stresses. In this context, the plant beneficial microbiome presents in the rhizosphere, endosphere, and phyllosphere, also referred as second genomes of the plant is well known for its roles in plant adaptations. Exploration of beneficial interaction of fungi with host plants known as mycorrhizal association is one such special interaction that can facilitates the host plants adaptations. Mycorrhiza assist in alleviating the salinity and drought stresses of plants via redistributing the ion imbalance through translocation to different parts of the plants, as well as triggering oxidative machinery. Mycorrhiza association also regulates the level of various plant growth regulators, osmolytes and assists in acquiring minerals that are helpful in plant's adaptation against extreme environmental stresses. The current review examines the role of various plant growth regulators and plants' antioxidative systems, followed by mycorrhizal association during drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali PB 140413, India.
| | - D P Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India
| | - Richa Salwan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, H.P 177 001, India.
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2
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Sun D, Rozmoš M, Kokkoris V, Kotianová M, Hršelová H, Bukovská P, Faghihinia M, Jansa J. Unraveling the diversity of hyphal explorative traits among Rhizophagus irregularis genotypes. MYCORRHIZA 2024:10.1007/s00572-024-01154-8. [PMID: 38829432 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Differences in functioning among various genotypes of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can determine their fitness under specific environmental conditions, although knowledge of the underlying mechanisms still is very fragmented. Here we compared seven homokaryotic isolates (genotypes) of Rhizophagus irregularis, aiming to characterize the range of intraspecific variability with respect to hyphal exploration of organic nitrogen (N) resources, and N supply to plants. To this end we established two experiments (one in vitro and one in open pots) and used 15N-chitin as the isotopically labeled organic N source. In Experiment 1 (in vitro), mycelium of all AM fungal genotypes transferred a higher amount of 15N to the plants than the passive transfer of 15N measured in the non-mycorrhizal (NM) controls. Noticeably, certain genotypes (e.g., LPA9) showed higher extraradical mycelium biomass production but not necessarily greater 15N acquisition than the others. Experiment 2 (in pots) highlighted that some of the AM fungal genotypes (e.g., MA2, STSI) exhibited higher rates of targeted hyphal exploration of chitin-enriched zones, indicative of distinct N exploration patterns from the other genotypes. Importantly, there was a high congruence of hyphal exploration patterns between the two experiments (isolate STSI always showing highest efficiency of hyphal exploration and isolate L23/1 being consistently the lowest), despite very different (micro) environmental conditions in the two experiments. This study suggests possible strategies that AM fungal genotypes employ for efficient N acquisition, and how to measure them. Implications of such traits for local mycorrhizal community assembly still need to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 14220, Praha 4, 1083, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Rozmoš
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 14220, Praha 4, 1083, Czech Republic
| | - Vasilis Kokkoris
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), De Boelelaan 1108, Amsterdam, NL-1081HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Michala Kotianová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 14220, Praha 4, 1083, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 14220, Praha 4, 1083, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bukovská
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 14220, Praha 4, 1083, Czech Republic
| | - Maede Faghihinia
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 14220, Praha 4, 1083, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 2213 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, US
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 14220, Praha 4, 1083, Czech Republic
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3
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Gholizadeh S, Nemati I, Vestergård M, Barnes CJ, Kudjordjie EN, Nicolaisen M. Harnessing root-soil-microbiota interactions for drought-resilient cereals. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127698. [PMID: 38537330 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Cereal plants form complex networks with their associated microbiome in the soil environment. A complex system including variations of numerous parameters of soil properties and host traits shapes the dynamics of cereal microbiota under drought. These multifaceted interactions can greatly affect carbon and nutrient cycling in soil and offer the potential to increase plant growth and fitness under drought conditions. Despite growing recognition of the importance of plant microbiota to agroecosystem functioning, harnessing the cereal root microbiota remains a significant challenge due to interacting and synergistic effects between root traits, soil properties, agricultural practices, and drought-related features. A better mechanistic understanding of root-soil-microbiota associations could lead to the development of novel strategies to improve cereal production under drought. In this review, we discuss the root-soil-microbiota interactions for improving the soil environment and host fitness under drought and suggest a roadmap for harnessing the benefits of these interactions for drought-resilient cereals. These methods include conservative trait-based approaches for the selection and breeding of plant genetic resources and manipulation of the soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark
| | - Iman Nemati
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mette Vestergård
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark
| | - Christopher James Barnes
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark
| | - Enoch Narh Kudjordjie
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark
| | - Mogens Nicolaisen
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, Slagelse 4200, Denmark.
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4
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Slimani A, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Ben-Laouane R, Boutasknit A, Anli M, Abouraicha EF, Oufdou K, Meddich A, Baslam M. Signals and Machinery for Mycorrhizae and Cereal and Oilseed Interactions towards Improved Tolerance to Environmental Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:826. [PMID: 38592805 PMCID: PMC10975020 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for sustainable agricultural practices, there arises an urgent need for alternative solutions to mineral fertilizers and pesticides, aiming to diminish the environmental footprint of farming. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) emerge as a promising avenue, bestowing plants with heightened nutrient absorption capabilities while alleviating plant stress. Cereal and oilseed crops benefit from this association in a number of ways, including improved growth fitness, nutrient uptake, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms shaping the impact of AMF on these crops offers encouraging prospects for a more efficient use of these beneficial microorganisms to mitigate climate change-related stressors on plant functioning and productivity. An increased number of studies highlighted the boosting effect of AMF on grain and oil crops' tolerance to (a)biotic stresses while limited ones investigated the molecular aspects orchestrating the different involved mechanisms. This review gives an extensive overview of the different strategies initiated by mycorrhizal cereal and oilseed plants to manage the deleterious effects of environmental stress. We also discuss the molecular drivers and mechanistic concepts to unveil the molecular machinery triggered by AMF to alleviate the tolerance of these crops to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Slimani
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques—Mohammedia, Hassan II University, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Boutasknit
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohammed First University, Nador 62700, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anli
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Department of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Comoros, Patsy University Center, Moroni 269, Comoros
| | - El Faiza Abouraicha
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Essaouira 44000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- AgroBiosciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- GrowSmart, Seoul 03129, Republic of Korea
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5
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Benitez-Alfonso Y, Soanes BK, Zimba S, Sinanaj B, German L, Sharma V, Bohra A, Kolesnikova A, Dunn JA, Martin AC, Khashi U Rahman M, Saati-Santamaría Z, García-Fraile P, Ferreira EA, Frazão LA, Cowling WA, Siddique KHM, Pandey MK, Farooq M, Varshney RK, Chapman MA, Boesch C, Daszkowska-Golec A, Foyer CH. Enhancing climate change resilience in agricultural crops. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1246-R1261. [PMID: 38052178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change threatens global food and nutritional security through negative effects on crop growth and agricultural productivity. Many countries have adopted ambitious climate change mitigation and adaptation targets that will exacerbate the problem, as they require significant changes in current agri-food systems. In this review, we provide a roadmap for improved crop production that encompasses the effective transfer of current knowledge into plant breeding and crop management strategies that will underpin sustainable agriculture intensification and climate resilience. We identify the main problem areas and highlight outstanding questions and potential solutions that can be applied to mitigate the impacts of climate change on crop growth and productivity. Although translation of scientific advances into crop production lags far behind current scientific knowledge and technology, we consider that a holistic approach, combining disciplines in collaborative efforts, can drive better connections between research, policy, and the needs of society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth K Soanes
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sibongile Zimba
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Horticulture Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Besiana Sinanaj
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Liam German
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Vinay Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Anastasia Kolesnikova
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jessica A Dunn
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Azahara C Martin
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Muhammad Khashi U Rahman
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Zaki Saati-Santamaría
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain; Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paula García-Fraile
- Microbiology and Genetics Department, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor de la Armuña 37185, Spain
| | - Evander A Ferreira
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidivan A Frazão
- Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária 1000, 39404547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wallace A Cowling
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Manish K Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Silva AMM, Feiler HP, Qi X, de Araújo VLVP, Lacerda-Júnior GV, Fernandes-Júnior PI, Cardoso EJBN. Impact of Water Shortage on Soil and Plant Attributes in the Presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from a Harsh Environment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1144. [PMID: 37317118 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in plant health due to their ability to improve tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a pool of native AMF from a harsh environment on plant performance and changes in soil attributes under different levels of drought. An experiment using maize was established, varying the soil water content to simulate severe drought (30% of the water-holding capacity [WHC]), moderate (50% of the WHC) and no drought (80% of the WHC, control treatment). Soil and plant attributes were measured (enzyme activity, microbial biomass, AMF root colonisation and plant biomass and nutrient uptake). There was a two-fold increase in plant biomass under moderate drought when compared to no drought treatment, but there was no difference in nutrient uptake. Under severe drought, there were the highest enzyme activities related to phosphorus (P) cycling and P microbial biomass, indicating higher P microbial immobilization. The increase in AMF root colonisation was observed in plants under moderate and no drought. Our findings demonstrated that the better use of the AMF inoculum varied according to drought levels, with better performance under moderate drought due to the increase in plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcos Miranda Silva
- Soil Science Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Xue Qi
- College of Grassland, Resources, and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
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7
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Allsup CM, Lankau RA, Paige KN. Herbivory and Soil Water Availability Induce Changes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Abundance and Composition. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 84:141-152. [PMID: 34432103 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We tested the prediction that abundance and composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Ipomopsis aggregata roots and soils are influenced by ungulate herbivory and drought conditions by examining the effects in a field setting over two years. We used a multi-metric approach to quantify AMF root colonization, AMF reproduction, and AMF community composition in roots and soils. We incorporated complimentary community characterization assays by morphologically identifying spores from trap cultures and the use of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting. Herbivory caused a twofold increase in spore production, an increase in AMF taxa diversity in roots, and a shift in AMF species composition in rhizosphere soils. The impact of herbivory was dependent on water availability, which differed in the two contrasting years. This study demonstrates that both soil water availability and herbivory shape arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities. The changes to mycorrhizal communities may help in understanding mycorrhizal function in changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Allsup
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Richard A Lankau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ken N Paige
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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8
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Cappelli SL, Domeignoz-Horta LA, Loaiza V, Laine AL. Plant biodiversity promotes sustainable agriculture directly and via belowground effects. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:674-687. [PMID: 35279365 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While the positive relationship between plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) is well established, the extent to which this is mediated via belowground microbial processes is poorly understood. Growing evidence suggests that plant community structure influences soil microbial diversity, which in turn promotes functions desired for sustainable agriculture. Here, we outline the 'plant-directed' and soil microbe-mediated mechanisms expected to promote positive BEF. We identify how this knowledge can be utilized in plant diversification schemes to maximize ecosystem functioning in agroecosystems, which are typically species poor and sensitive to biotic and abiotic stressors. In the face of resource overexploitation and global change, bridging the gaps between biodiversity science and agricultural practices is crucial to meet food security in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina L Cappelli
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Luiz A Domeignoz-Horta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Loaiza
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Guardiola-Márquez CE, Pacheco A, Mora-Godínez S, Schüßler A, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Senés-Guerrero C. Septoglomus species dominate the arbuscular mycorrhiza of five crop plants in an arid region of northern Mexico. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00851-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Eisenhauer N, Bonfante P, Buscot F, Cesarz S, Guerra C, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Patoine G, Rillig M, Schmid B, Verheyen K, Wirth C, Ferlian O. Biotic Interactions as Mediators of Context-Dependent Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Relationships. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e85873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity drives the maintenance and stability of ecosystem functioning as well as many of nature’s benefits to people, yet people cause substantial biodiversity change. Despite broad consensus about a positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF), the underlying mechanisms and their context-dependencies are not well understood. This proposal, submitted to the European Research Council (ERC), aims at filling this knowledge gap by providing a novel conceptual framework for integrating biotic interactions across guilds of organisms, i.e. plants and mycorrhizal fungi, to explain the ecosystem consequences of biodiversity change. The overarching hypothesis is that EF increases when more tree species associate with functionally dissimilar mycorrhizal fungi. Taking a whole-ecosystem perspective, we propose to explore the role of tree-mycorrhiza interactions in driving BEF across environmental contexts and how this relates to nutrient dynamics. Given the significant role that mycorrhizae play in soil nutrient and water uptake, BEF relationships will be investigated under normal and drought conditions. Resulting ecosystem consequences will be explored by studying main energy channels and ecosystem multifunctionality using food web energy fluxes and by assessing carbon storage. Synthesising drivers of biotic interactions will allow us to understand context-dependent BEF relationships. This interdisciplinary and integrative project spans the whole gradient from local-scale process assessments to global relationships by building on unique experimental infrastructures like the MyDiv Experiment, iDiv Ecotron and the global network TreeDivNet, to link ecological mechanisms to reforestation initiatives. This innovative combination of basic scientific research with real-world interventions links trait-based community ecology, global change research and ecosystem ecology, pioneering a new generation of BEF research and represents a significant step towards implementing BEF theory for human needs.
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11
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Xi N, Chen D, Bahn M, Wu H, Chu C, Cadotte MW, Bloor JMG. Drought soil legacy alters drivers of plant diversity-productivity relationships in oldfield systems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3368. [PMID: 35507655 PMCID: PMC9067920 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem functions are threatened by both recurrent droughts and declines in biodiversity at a global scale, but the drought dependency of diversity-productivity relationships remains poorly understood. Here, we use a two-phase mesocosm experiment with simulated drought and model oldfield communities (360 experimental mesocosms/plant communities) to examine drought-induced changes in soil microbial communities along a plant species richness gradient and to assess interactions between past drought (soil legacies) and subsequent drought on plant diversity-productivity relationships. We show that (i) drought decreases bacterial and fungal richness and modifies relationships between plant species richness and microbial groups; (ii) drought soil legacy increases net biodiversity effects, but responses of net biodiversity effects to plant species richness are unaffected; and (iii) linkages between plant species richness and complementarity/selection effects vary depending on past and subsequent drought. These results provide mechanistic insight into biodiversity-productivity relationships in a changing environment, with implications for the stability of ecosystem function under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Michael Bahn
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hangyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Juliette M. G. Bloor
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro-Sup, UREP, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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12
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Thangaraj K, Li J, Mei H, Hu S, Han R, Zhao Z, Chen X, Li X, Kamatchi Reddiar D. Mycorrhizal Colonization Enhanced Sorghum bicolor Tolerance under Soil Water Deficit Conditions by Coordination of Proline and Reduced Glutathione (GSH). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4243-4255. [PMID: 35377636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is an important limiting factor in crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant drought tolerance through antioxidant activities. However, the coordination of nonenzymatic antioxidants against drought remains unclear. Here, we investigated the AMF symbiosis in drought tolerance of Sorghum bicolor by increasing proline and reducing glutathione (GSH). Glomus mosseae inoculation increased grain yield, biochemical content, and bioactivities of millets. Under drought conditions, seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae had higher SOD, POD, CAT, PPO, proline, and GSH activities compared to noninoculated controls. Meanwhile, a lower accumulation of MDA and H2O2 was observed in the G. mosseae seedlings. Furthermore, genes attributed to nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as GST29, P5CS2, FD3, GST, and GAD, were significantly up-regulated by G. mosseae under drought conditions. In conclusion, G. mosseae inoculation enhanced the drought tolerance of S. bicolor by improving reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, including proline and GSH, that regulate ROS production and prevent oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuberan Thangaraj
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huiling Mei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shunkai Hu
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Han
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinghui Li
- Tea Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Buchenau N, van Kleunen M, Wilschut RA. Direct and legacy‐mediated drought effects on plant performance are species‐specific and depend on soil community composition. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Buchenau
- Dept of Biology, Univ. of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Univ. Taizhou China
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14
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Cheng S, Zou YN, Kuča K, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Wu QS. Elucidating the Mechanisms Underlying Enhanced Drought Tolerance in Plants Mediated by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:809473. [PMID: 35003041 PMCID: PMC8733408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.809473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are often subjected to various environmental stresses during their life cycle, among which drought stress is perhaps the most significant abiotic stress limiting plant growth and development. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, a group of beneficial soil fungi, can enhance the adaptability and tolerance of their host plants to drought stress after infecting plant roots and establishing a symbiotic association with their host plant. Therefore, AM fungi represent an eco-friendly strategy in sustainable agricultural systems. There is still a need, however, to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying AM fungi-mediated enhancement of plant drought tolerance to ensure their effective use. AM fungi establish well-developed, extraradical hyphae on root surfaces, and function in water absorption and the uptake and transfer of nutrients into host cells. Thus, they participate in the physiology of host plants through the function of specific genes encoded in their genome. AM fungi also modulate morphological adaptations and various physiological processes in host plants, that help to mitigate drought-induced injury and enhance drought tolerance. Several AM-specific host genes have been identified and reported to be responsible for conferring enhanced drought tolerance. This review provides an overview of the effect of drought stress on the diversity and activity of AM fungi, the symbiotic relationship that exists between AM fungi and host plants under drought stress conditions, elucidates the morphological, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying AM fungi-mediated enhanced drought tolerance in plants, and provides an outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ning Zou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiang-Sheng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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15
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Unger S, Habermann FM, Schenke K, Jongen M. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nutrition Determine the Outcome of Competition Between Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium subterraneum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:778861. [PMID: 35003164 PMCID: PMC8733683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may affect competitive plant interactions, which are considered a prevalent force in shaping plant communities. Aiming at understanding the role of AMF in the competition between two pasture species and its dependence on soil nutritional status, a pot experiment with mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Lolium multiflorum and Trifolium subterraneum was conducted, with manipulation of species composition (five levels), and nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)- fertilization (three levels). In the non-mycorrhizal state, interspecific competition did not play a major role. However, in the presence of AMF, Lolium was the strongest competitor, with this species being facilitated by Trifolium. While N-fertilization did not change the competitive balance, P-fertilization gave Lolium, a competitive advantage over Trifolium. The effect of AMF on the competitive outcome may be driven by differential C-P trade benefits, with Lolium modulating carbon investment in the mycorrhizal network and the arbuscule/vesicle ratio at the cost of Trifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Unger
- Department of Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Franziska M. Habermann
- Department of Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katarina Schenke
- Department of Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marjan Jongen
- MARETEC—Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Aavik T, Träger S, Zobel M, Honnay O, Van Geel M, Bueno CG, Koorem K. The joint effect of host plant genetic diversity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities on restoration success. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsipe Aavik
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Sabrina Träger
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - Maarten Van Geel
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology Biology Department University of Leuven Heverlee Belgium
| | - C. Guillermo Bueno
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Kadri Koorem
- Department of Botany Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
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17
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Aguégué RM, Assogba SA, Salami HAA, Koda AD, Agbodjato NA, Amogou O, Sina H, Salako KV, Ahoyo Adjovi NR, Dagbénonbakin G, Kakai RG, Adjanohoun A, Baba-Moussa L. Organic Fertilizer Based on Rhizophagus intraradices: Valorization in a Farming Environment for Maize in the South, Center and North of Benin. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.605610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize plays an important role in agricultural production systems in all agro-ecological zones of Benin. Despite its importance, its production faces many constraints including soil fertility. One of the ecological technologies aimed at improving agricultural production is the use of soil microorganisms including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Rhizophagus intraradices, an indigenous strain, on maize productivity in farmers' areas in the Research and Development (RD) sites of the North (Ouénou), Center (Miniffi), and South (Zouzouvou). Three maize producers were selected at each RD site, for nine maize producers. The experimental design was a randomized complete block of three treatments with three replications. The different treatments were (i) Control–farmer's practice, (ii) R. intraradices + 50% of the recommended dose of NPK and urea, and (iii) 100% of the recommended dose of NPK and urea. Soil samples from the different RD sites were taken at a depth of 0–20 cm before sowing for chemical analysis. The different growth parameters (height, crown diameter, and leaf area), grain yield, and endomycorrhizal infection of maize plants were evaluated. The results showed that the soils were moderately acidic (5.5 ≤ pH waters ≤ 6.8) and low in organic matter (0.95 ≤ 33 OM ≤ 1.17) regardless of the study area. The greater maize grain yield was recorded with application of 100% of the recommended dose of NPK and urea, and R. intraradices + 50% of the recommended dose of NPK and urea. In the RD sites at the South, Center, and North recorded with R. intraradices + 50% of recommended dose of NPK and urea, the grain yields of 1.9, 3.4, and 1.74 t/ha with an increase of 28, 38.21, and 13.21%, respectively, compared with farmer's practice. Mycorrhization frequencies in plants treated with Ri¹ N15P15K15 vary between 37.44 and 51.67% in the three zones. The results of the current study have proven the potential use of R. intraradices in sustainable intensification of maize production in Benin.
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18
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Trogisch S, Liu X, Rutten G, Xue K, Bauhus J, Brose U, Bu W, Cesarz S, Chesters D, Connolly J, Cui X, Eisenhauer N, Guo L, Haider S, Härdtle W, Kunz M, Liu L, Ma Z, Neumann S, Sang W, Schuldt A, Tang Z, van Dam NM, von Oheimb G, Wang MQ, Wang S, Weinhold A, Wirth C, Wubet T, Xu X, Yang B, Zhang N, Zhu CD, Ma K, Wang Y, Bruelheide H. The significance of tree-tree interactions for forest ecosystem functioning. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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De Bauw P, Birindwa D, Merckx R, Boeraeve M, Munyahali W, Peeters G, Bolaji T, Honnay O. Improved genotypes and fertilizers, not fallow duration, increase cassava yields without compromising arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus richness or diversity. MYCORRHIZA 2021; 31:483-496. [PMID: 34173082 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-021-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in agroecosystems, but their role in mediating agricultural yield remains contested. Field experiments testing effects of realistic agronomic practices of intensification on AM fungus composition and yields are scarce, especially in the low-input systems of sub-Saharan Africa. A large, full-factorial field experiment was conducted in South-Kivu (DR Congo), testing effects of fallow duration (6 vs. 12 months), genotype (landrace vs. improved), and fertilizer management (control vs. five combinations omitting N, P, K, and/or secondary macro- and micronutrients) on yields of cassava, an important staple crop strongly colonized by AMF. Furthermore, we used DNA-metabarcoding to evaluate effects of these agronomic practices on the AM fungal communities on the roots. The shorter fallow duration strongly increased diversity and richness of AMF, but this did not correspond with increased yields. Cassava yield was mainly determined by genotype, being largest for the improved genotype, which coincided with a significantly higher sum of AM fungal sequences. Effects of fertilizer or genotype on community composition were minor to absent. We found no evidence that increased AMF richness and diversity enhanced cassava yields. In contrast, the use of the improved genotype and mineral fertilizers strongly benefitted yields, without compromising richness or diversity of AMF. Cassava-AMF associations in this work appear robust to fertilizer amendments and modern genotype improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan De Bauw
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium.
| | - Damas Birindwa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roel Merckx
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division Soil and Water Management, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 20-3001, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Margaux Boeraeve
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wivine Munyahali
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gerrit Peeters
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thanni Bolaji
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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van ’t Padje A, Bonfante P, Ciampi LT, Kiers ET. Quantifying Nutrient Trade in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Under Extreme Weather Events Using Quantum-Dot Tagged Phosphorus. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.613119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the current trends in climate change, extreme weather events are expected to increase in strength and frequency. Such events can impact species survival and species interactions. One of the most ubiquitous symbioses on earth is the nutrient exchange partnership between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their host plants. While past work has shown that mycorrhizal fungi can help alleviate stress, it is unknown how phosphorus uptake by plants to fungi is affected by extreme weather events, such as flooding and heat waves. To test this response, we grewMedicago truncatulahost plants with or without mycorrhizal fungi and then exposed them to extreme weather treatments: increasing soil temperature by 12°C, or by flooding the plant roots for 7 days. We measured plant and fungal performance, and quantified phosphorus (P) uptake before and after extreme weather treatments using a technique in which we tagged apatite, a form of rock phosphorus, with fluorescing quantum-dots (QDs) nanoparticles. We then measured fluorescence in root and shoot tissue at harvest. We found that plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were affected by soil flooding, with plant survival, fungal colonization and QD-apatite uptake decreasing under flooded conditions. We did not see these negative effects in the heat treatment. While the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affected plant biomass allocation, leading to an increase in shoot biomass, the symbiosis did not increase plant survival, total biomass or QD uptake in either treatment. More generally, we found host tissue contained roughly 80% more QD-apatite from the pre-treatment compared to the post-treatment nutrient injection. Future studies should focus on various plant-fungal combinations to create databases on which predictive models to extreme weather events can be constructed.
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21
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Unraveling the AM fungal community for understanding its ecosystem resilience to changed climate in agroecosystems. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Crawford KM, Hawkes CV. Soil precipitation legacies influence intraspecific plant-soil feedback. Ecology 2020; 101:e03142. [PMID: 32813278 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Feedbacks between plants and soil microbial communities can play an important role in structuring plant communities. However, little is known about how soil legacies caused by environmental disturbances such as drought and extreme precipitation events may affect plant-soil feedback or whether plant-soil feedback operates within species as it does between species. If soil legacies alter plant-soil feedback among genotypes within a plant species, then soil legacies may alter the diversity within plant populations. We conducted a fully factorial pairwise plant-soil feedback experiment to test how precipitation legacies influenced intraspecific plant-soil feedbacks among three genotypes of a dominant grass species, Panicum virgatum. Panicum virgatum experienced negative intraspecific plant-soil feedback, i.e., genotypes generally performed worse on soil from the same genotype than different genotypes. Soil precipitation legacies reversed the rank order of the strength of negative feedback among the genotypes. Feedback is often positively correlated with plant relative abundance. Therefore, our results suggest that soil precipitation legacies may alter the genotypic composition of P. virgatum populations, favoring genotypes that develop less negative feedback. Changes in intraspecific diversity will likely further affect community structure and ecosystem functioning, and may constrain the ability of populations to respond to future changes in climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri M Crawford
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Christine V Hawkes
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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23
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Kaur S, Suseela V. Unraveling Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Induced Changes in Plant Primary and Secondary Metabolome. Metabolites 2020; 10:E335. [PMID: 32824704 PMCID: PMC7464697 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is among the most ubiquitous plant mutualists that enhance plant growth and yield by facilitating the uptake of phosphorus and water. The countless interactions that occur in the rhizosphere between plants and its AMF symbionts are mediated through the plant and fungal metabolites that ensure partner recognition, colonization, and establishment of the symbiotic association. The colonization and establishment of AMF reprogram the metabolic pathways of plants, resulting in changes in the primary and secondary metabolites, which is the focus of this review. During initial colonization, plant-AMF interaction is facilitated through the regulation of signaling and carotenoid pathways. After the establishment, the AMF symbiotic association influences the primary metabolism of the plant, thus facilitating the sharing of photosynthates with the AMF. The carbon supply to AMF leads to the transport of a significant amount of sugars to the roots, and also alters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Apart from the nutrient exchange, the AMF imparts abiotic stress tolerance in host plants by increasing the abundance of several primary metabolites. Although AMF initially suppresses the defense response of the host, it later primes the host for better defense against biotic and abiotic stresses by reprogramming the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Additionally, the influence of AMF on signaling pathways translates to enhanced phytochemical content through the upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway, which improves the quality of the plant products. These phytometabolome changes induced by plant-AMF interaction depends on the identity of both plant and AMF species, which could contribute to the differential outcome of this symbiotic association. A better understanding of the phytochemical landscape shaped by plant-AMF interactions would enable us to harness this symbiotic association to enhance plant performance, particularly under non-optimal growing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidya Suseela
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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24
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Domokos E, Bíró-Janka B, Bálint J, Molnár K, Fazakas C, Jakab-Farkas L, Domokos J, Albert C, Mara G, Balog A. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Influences Artemisia annua Plant Parameters and Artemisinin Content under Different Soil Types and Cultivation Methods. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E899. [PMID: 32549234 PMCID: PMC7356791 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua has been used efficiently in malaria treatment since 2005. In this study, the variations in plant parameters (plant biomass, glandular trichome density, essential oil total chemical content, artemisinin production, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity) were tested under different soil types (Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and sterile peat) and cultivation conditions (potted plants in semi-open field, and open field experiments) for plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rizophagus irregularis. Under semi-open field conditions, the AMF colonization of A. annua plant roots varied, and presented the highest percentage in Luvisol and sterile peat. The increase in the root colonization rate positively influenced some plant parameters (biomass, glandular trichome density, artemisinin concentration, essential oil quantity and composition), but no effects on PPO enzyme activity were detected. AMF fungus R. irregularis significantly increased the artemisinin content and essential oil yield of plants cultivated in Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and in peat. These soil types can offer appropriate conditions for A. annua cultivation and artemisinin production even on a smaller scale. Under open field conditions, low (about 5%) AMF colonization was observed. No differences in artemisin contents were detected, but essential oil yield significantly increased compared to control plants. AMF treatment increased beta-farnesene and germacrene D concentrations in Artemisia plants in the open field experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Domokos
- Department of Horticulture, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.-J.); (J.B.); (K.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Béla Bíró-Janka
- Department of Horticulture, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.-J.); (J.B.); (K.M.); (C.F.)
| | - János Bálint
- Department of Horticulture, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.-J.); (J.B.); (K.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Katalin Molnár
- Department of Horticulture, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.-J.); (J.B.); (K.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Csaba Fazakas
- Department of Horticulture, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.-J.); (J.B.); (K.M.); (C.F.)
| | - László Jakab-Farkas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - József Domokos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Csilla Albert
- Department of Food Science, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Piaţa Libertăţii 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc, Romania;
| | - Gyöngyvér Mara
- Department of Bioengineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Piaţa Libertăţii 1, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc, Romania;
| | - Adalbert Balog
- Department of Horticulture, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Sighisoarei Street 1/C, 540485 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.-J.); (J.B.); (K.M.); (C.F.)
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Li F, Chen X, Yu X, Chen M, Lu W, Wu Y, Xiong F. Novel insights into the effect of drought stress on the development of root and caryopsis in barley. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8469. [PMID: 32030325 PMCID: PMC6996498 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a common natural disaster in barley production, which restricts the growth and development of barley roots and caryopses seriously, thereby decreasing yield and debasing grain quality. However, mechanisms for how drought stress affects barley caryopses and roots development under drought stress are unclear. In this paper, Suluomai1 was treated with drought from flowering to caryopses mature stage. The morphological and structural changes in roots growth and caryopses development of barley were investigated. Drought stress increased root/shoot ratio and eventually led to the 20.16% reduction of ear weight and 7.75% reduction of 1,000-grain weight by affecting the biomass accumulation of roots and caryopses. The barley roots under drought had more lateral roots while the vessel number and volume of roots decreased. Meanwhile, drought stress accelerated the maturation of caryopses, resulting in a decrease in the accumulation of starch but a significant increase of protein accumulation in barley endosperm. There was a significantly positive correlation (0.76) between the area of root vessel and the relative area of protein in endosperm cells under normal condition and drought increased the correlation coefficient (0.81). Transcriptome analysis indicated that drought induced differential expressions of genes in caryopses were mainly involved in encoding storage proteins and protein synthesis pathways. In general, drought caused changes in the morphology and structure of barley roots, and the roots conveyed stress signals to caryopses, inducing differential expression of genes related to protein biosynthesis, ultimately leading to the increase in the accumulation of endosperm protein. The results not only deepen the study on drought mechanism of barley, but also provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding, high-yield cultivation and quality improvement in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fali Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education/College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education/College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xurun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education/College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingxin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education/College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education/College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education/College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education/College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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