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Drew J, Foti N, Nadkarni R, Larson E, Fox E, Kc Lee A. Using a linear dynamic system to measure functional connectivity from M/EEG. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046020. [PMID: 38936398 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5cc1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Measures of functional connectivity (FC) can elucidate which cortical regions work together in order to complete a variety of behavioral tasks. This study's primary objective was to expand a previously published model of measuring FC to include multiple subjects and several regions of interest. While FC has been more extensively investigated in vision and other sensorimotor tasks, it is not as well understood in audition. The secondary objective of this study was to investigate how auditory regions are functionally connected to other cortical regions when attention is directed to different distinct auditory stimuli.Approach.This study implements a linear dynamic system (LDS) to measure the structured time-lagged dependence across several cortical regions in order to estimate their FC during a dual-stream auditory attention task.Results.The model's output shows consistent functionally connected regions across different listening conditions, indicative of an auditory attention network that engages regardless of endogenous switching of attention or different auditory cues being attended.Significance.The LDS implemented in this study implements a multivariate autoregression to infer FC across cortical regions during an auditory attention task. This study shows how a first-order autoregressive function can reliably measure functional connectivity from M/EEG data. Additionally, the study shows how auditory regions engage with the supramodal attention network outlined in the visual attention literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Drew
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Foti
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rahul Nadkarni
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Eric Larson
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Emily Fox
- Departments of Statistics and Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Adrian Kc Lee
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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2
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Wiafe SL, Asante NO, Calhoun VD, Faghiri A. Studying time-resolved functional connectivity via communication theory: on the complementary nature of phase synchronization and sliding window Pearson correlation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598720. [PMID: 38915498 PMCID: PMC11195172 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Time-resolved functional connectivity (trFC) assesses the time-resolved coupling between brain regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This study aims to compare two techniques used to estimate trFC, to investigate their similarities and differences when applied to fMRI data. These techniques are the sliding window Pearson correlation (SWPC), an amplitude-based approach, and phase synchronization (PS), a phase-based technique. To accomplish our objective, we used resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) with 827 subjects (repetition time: 0.7s) and the Function Biomedical Informatics Research Network (fBIRN) with 311 subjects (repetition time: 2s), which included 151 schizophrenia patients and 160 controls. Our simulations reveal distinct strengths in two connectivity methods: SWPC captures high-magnitude, low-frequency connectivity, while PS detects low-magnitude, high-frequency connectivity. Stronger correlations between SWPC and PS align with pronounced fMRI oscillations. For fMRI data, higher correlations between SWPC and PS occur with matched frequencies and smaller SWPC window sizes (~30s), but larger windows (~88s) sacrifice clinically relevant information. Both methods identify a schizophrenia-associated brain network state but show different patterns: SWPC highlights low anti-correlations between visual, subcortical, auditory, and sensory-motor networks, while PS shows reduced positive synchronization among these networks. In sum, our findings underscore the complementary nature of SWPC and PS, elucidating their respective strengths and limitations without implying the superiority of one over the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sir-Lord Wiafe
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Nana O. Asante
- ETH Zürich, Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, Switzerland
- Ashesi University, 1 University Avenue Berekuso, Ghana
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Bryant AG, Aquino K, Parkes L, Fornito A, Fulcher BD. Extracting interpretable signatures of whole-brain dynamics through systematic comparison. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.573372. [PMID: 38915560 PMCID: PMC11195072 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.573372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain's complex distributed dynamics are typically quantified using a limited set of manually selected statistical properties, leaving the possibility that alternative dynamical properties may outperform those reported for a given application. Here, we address this limitation by systematically comparing diverse, interpretable features of both intra-regional activity and inter-regional functional coupling from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, demonstrating our method using case-control comparisons of four neuropsychiatric disorders. Our findings generally support the use of linear time-series analysis techniques for rs-fMRI case-control analyses, while also identifying new ways to quantify informative dynamical fMRI structures. While simple statistical representations of fMRI dynamics performed surprisingly well (e.g., properties within a single brain region), combining intra-regional properties with inter-regional coupling generally improved performance, underscoring the distributed, multifaceted changes to fMRI dynamics in neuropsychiatric disorders. The comprehensive, data-driven method introduced here enables systematic identification and interpretation of quantitative dynamical signatures of multivariate time-series data, with applicability beyond neuroimaging to diverse scientific problems involving complex time-varying systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie G. Bryant
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Aquino
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Brain Key Incorporated, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain & Mental Health, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben D. Fulcher
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Rabut C, Norman SL, Griggs WS, Russin JJ, Jann K, Christopoulos V, Liu C, Andersen RA, Shapiro MG. Functional ultrasound imaging of human brain activity through an acoustically transparent cranial window. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj3143. [PMID: 38809965 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Visualization of human brain activity is crucial for understanding normal and aberrant brain function. Currently available neural activity recording methods are highly invasive, have low sensitivity, and cannot be conducted outside of an operating room. Functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) is an emerging technique that offers sensitive, large-scale, high-resolution neural imaging; however, fUSI cannot be performed through the adult human skull. Here, we used a polymeric skull replacement material to create an acoustic window compatible with fUSI to monitor adult human brain activity in a single individual. Using an in vitro cerebrovascular phantom to mimic brain vasculature and an in vivo rodent cranial defect model, first, we evaluated the fUSI signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio through polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cranial implants of different thicknesses or a titanium mesh implant. We found that rat brain neural activity could be recorded with high sensitivity through a PMMA implant using a dedicated fUSI pulse sequence. We then designed a custom ultrasound-transparent cranial window implant for an adult patient undergoing reconstructive skull surgery after traumatic brain injury. We showed that fUSI could record brain activity in an awake human outside of the operating room. In a video game "connect the dots" task, we demonstrated mapping and decoding of task-modulated cortical activity in this individual. In a guitar-strumming task, we mapped additional task-specific cortical responses. Our proof-of-principle study shows that fUSI can be used as a high-resolution (200 μm) functional imaging modality for measuring adult human brain activity through an acoustically transparent cranial window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rabut
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sumner L Norman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Whitney S Griggs
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jonathan J Russin
- USC Neurorestoration Center and the Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kay Jann
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Charles Liu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- USC Neurorestoration Center and the Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242, USA
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- T&C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Qian S, Yang Q, Cai C, Dong J, Cai S. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Brain Activity in Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Hidden Markov Model and Dynamic Graph Theory: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:507. [PMID: 38790485 PMCID: PMC11118919 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to measure the temporal correlation of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the brain to assess the brain's intrinsic connectivity and capture dynamic changes in the brain. In this study, the hidden Markov model (HMM) and dynamic graph (DG) theory are used to study the spatial-temporal characteristics and dynamics of brain networks based on dynamic functional connectivity (DFC). By using HMM, we identified three typical brain states for ASD and healthy control (HC). Furthermore, we explored the correlation between HMM time-varying properties and clinical autism scale scores. Differences in brain topological characteristics and dynamics between ASD and HC were compared by DG analysis. The experimental results indicate that ASD is more inclined to enter a strongly connected HMM brain state, leading to the isolation of brain networks and alterations in the topological characteristics of brain networks, such as default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN), and visual network (VN). This work suggests that using different data-driven methods based on DFC to study brain network dynamics would have better information complementarity, which can provide a new direction for the extraction of neuro-biomarkers in the early diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuhui Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.Q.); (Q.Y.); (C.C.); (J.D.)
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Luo AC, Sydnor VJ, Pines A, Larsen B, Alexander-Bloch AF, Cieslak M, Covitz S, Chen AA, Esper NB, Feczko E, Franco AR, Gur RE, Gur RC, Houghton A, Hu F, Keller AS, Kiar G, Mehta K, Salum GA, Tapera T, Xu T, Zhao C, Salo T, Fair DA, Shinohara RT, Milham MP, Satterthwaite TD. Functional connectivity development along the sensorimotor-association axis enhances the cortical hierarchy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3511. [PMID: 38664387 PMCID: PMC11045762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cortical maturation has been posited to be organized along the sensorimotor-association axis, a hierarchical axis of brain organization that spans from unimodal sensorimotor cortices to transmodal association cortices. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the development of functional connectivity during childhood through adolescence conforms to the cortical hierarchy defined by the sensorimotor-association axis. We tested this pre-registered hypothesis in four large-scale, independent datasets (total n = 3355; ages 5-23 years): the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n = 1207), Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (n = 397), Human Connectome Project: Development (n = 625), and Healthy Brain Network (n = 1126). Across datasets, the development of functional connectivity systematically varied along the sensorimotor-association axis. Connectivity in sensorimotor regions increased, whereas connectivity in association cortices declined, refining and reinforcing the cortical hierarchy. These consistent and generalizable results establish that the sensorimotor-association axis of cortical organization encodes the dominant pattern of functional connectivity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C Luo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam Pines
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew A Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Eric Feczko
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Alexandre R Franco
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Audrey Houghton
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Fengling Hu
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arielle S Keller
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory Kiar
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Kahini Mehta
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tinashe Tapera
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, 10022, USA
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Roy J, Reynolds W, Panigrahy A, Ceschin R. Functional network organization is locally atypical in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.19.24306106. [PMID: 38699341 PMCID: PMC11065028 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.24306106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently experience neurodevelopmental impairments that can impact academic performance, memory, attention, and behavioral function, ultimately affecting overall quality of life. This study aims to investigate the impact of CHD on functional brain network connectivity and cognitive function. Using resting-state fMRI data, we examined several network metrics across various brain regions utilizing weighted networks and binarized networks with both absolute and proportional thresholds. Regression models were fitted to patient neurocognitive exam scores using various metrics obtained from all three methods. Our results unveil significant differences in network connectivity patterns, particularly in temporal, occipital, and subcortical regions, across both weighted and binarized networks. Furthermore, we identified distinct correlations between network metrics and cognitive performance, suggesting potential compensatory mechanisms within specific brain regions.
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Liang T, Brinkman BAW. Statistically inferred neuronal connections in subsampled neural networks strongly correlate with spike train covariances. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044404. [PMID: 38755896 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Statistically inferred neuronal connections from observed spike train data are often skewed from ground truth by factors such as model mismatch, unobserved neurons, and limited data. Spike train covariances, sometimes referred to as "functional connections," are often used as a proxy for the connections between pairs of neurons, but reflect statistical relationships between neurons, not anatomical connections. Moreover, covariances are not causal: spiking activity is correlated in both the past and the future, whereas neurons respond only to synaptic inputs in the past. Connections inferred by maximum likelihood inference, however, can be constrained to be causal. However, we show in this work that the inferred connections in spontaneously active networks modeled by stochastic leaky integrate-and-fire networks strongly correlate with the covariances between neurons, and may reflect noncausal relationships, when many neurons are unobserved or when neurons are weakly coupled. This phenomenon occurs across different network structures, including random networks and balanced excitatory-inhibitory networks. We use a combination of simulations and a mean-field analysis with fluctuation corrections to elucidate the relationships between spike train covariances, inferred synaptic filters, and ground-truth connections in partially observed networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Braden A W Brinkman
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Coronel-Oliveros C, Medel V, Whitaker GA, Astudillo A, Gallagher D, Z-Rivera L, Prado P, El-Deredy W, Orio P, Weinstein A. Elevating understanding: Linking high-altitude hypoxia to brain aging through EEG functional connectivity and spectral analyses. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:275-292. [PMID: 38562297 PMCID: PMC10927308 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia triggers brain function changes reminiscent of those in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease, compromising cognition and executive functions. Our study sought to validate high-altitude hypoxia as a model for assessing brain activity disruptions akin to aging. We collected EEG data from 16 healthy volunteers during acute high-altitude hypoxia (at 4,000 masl) and at sea level, focusing on relative changes in power and aperiodic slope of the EEG spectrum due to hypoxia. Additionally, we examined functional connectivity using wPLI, and functional segregation and integration using graph theory tools. High altitude led to slower brain oscillations, that is, increased δ and reduced α power, and flattened the 1/f aperiodic slope, indicating higher electrophysiological noise, akin to healthy aging. Notably, functional integration strengthened in the θ band, exhibiting unique topographical patterns at the subnetwork level, including increased frontocentral and reduced occipitoparietal integration. Moreover, we discovered significant correlations between subjects' age, 1/f slope, θ band integration, and observed robust effects of hypoxia after adjusting for age. Our findings shed light on how reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes influence brain activity patterns resembling those in neurodegenerative disorders and aging, making high-altitude hypoxia a promising model for comprehending the brain in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Coronel-Oliveros
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vicente Medel
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Grace Alma Whitaker
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
- Chair of Acoustics and Haptics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aland Astudillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Gallagher
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Lucía Z-Rivera
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pavel Prado
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Orio
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Weinstein
- Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering (AC3E), Federico Santa María Technical University, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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10
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Testo AA, Makarewicz J, McGee E, Dumas JA. Estradiol associations with brain functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2024; 31:218-224. [PMID: 38385731 PMCID: PMC10885742 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have found that estrogens play a role in functional connectivity in the brain; however, little research has been done regarding how estradiol is associated with functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between estradiol and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. METHODS Structural and blood oxygenation level-dependent resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans of 88 cognitively healthy postmenopausal individuals were obtained along with blood samples collected the same day as the magnetic resonance imaging to assess hormone levels. We generated connectivity values in CONN toolbox version 20.b, an SPM-based software. RESULTS A regression analysis was run using estradiol level and regions of interest (ROI), including the hippocampus, parahippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and precuneus. Estradiol level was found to enhance parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left functional connectivity during ROI-to-ROI regression analysis. Estradiol enhanced functional connectivity between the parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left and the precuneus as well as the parahippocampal gyrus anterior division left and parahippocampal gyrus posterior division right. An exploratory analysis showed that years since the final menstrual period was related to enhanced connectivity between regions within the frontoparietal network. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrated the relationship between estradiol level and functional connectivity in postmenopausal women. They have implications for understanding how the functioning of the brain changes for individuals after menopause that may eventually lead to changes in cognition and behavior in older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth McGee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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11
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Chen S, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Hou Z, Yuan Y. Childhood abuse influences clinical features of major depressive disorder by modulating the functional network of the right amygdala subregions. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 93:103946. [PMID: 38330856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Childhood trauma and the amygdala play essential roles in major depressive disorder (MDD) mechanisms. However, the neurobiological mechanism among them remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the relationship among the amygdala subregion's abnormal functional connectivity (FC), clinical features, and childhood trauma in MDD. We obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 115 MDD patients and 91 well-matched healthy controls (HC). Amygdala subregions were defined according to the Human Brainnetome Atlas. The case vs. control difference in FCs was extracted. After controlling for age, sex, and education years, the mediations between the detected abnormal FCs and clinical features were analyzed, including the onset age of MDD and the Hamilton Depression Scale-24 (HAMD-24) reductive rate. Compared with HC subjects, we found, only the right amygdala subregions, namely the right medial amygdala (mAmyg.R) and the right lateral amygdala (lAmyg.R), showed a significant decrease in whole-brain FCs in MDD patients. Only childhood abuse experiences were significantly associated with amygdala subregion connectivity and clinical features in MDD patients. Additionally, The FCs between the mAmyg.R and extensive frontal, temporal, and subcortical regions mediated between the early life abuses and disease onset or treatment outcome. The findings indicate that the abnormal connectivity of the right amygdala subregions is involved in MDD's pathogenesis and clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Psychosomatics, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Foster SL, Breukelaar IA, Ekanayake K, Lewis S, Korgaonkar MS. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Amygdala and Subregions at 3 Tesla: A Scoping Review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:361-375. [PMID: 37352130 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdalae are a pair of small brain structures, each of which is composed of three main subregions and whose function is implicated in neuropsychiatric conditions. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has been utilized extensively in investigation of amygdala activation and functional connectivity (FC) with most clinical research sites now utilizing 3 Tesla (3T) MR systems. However, accurate imaging and analysis remains challenging not just due to the small size of the amygdala, but also its location deep in the temporal lobe. Selection of imaging parameters can significantly impact data quality with implications for the accuracy of study results and validity of conclusions. Wide variation exists in acquisition protocols with spatial resolution of some protocols suboptimal for accurate assessment of the amygdala as a whole, and for measuring activation and FC of the three main subregions, each of which contains multiple nuclei with specialized roles. The primary objective of this scoping review is to provide a broad overview of 3T fMRI protocols in use to image the activation and FC of the amygdala with particular reference to spatial resolution. The secondary objective is to provide context for a discussion culminating in recommendations for a standardized protocol for imaging activation of the amygdala and its subregions. As the advantages of big data and protocol harmonization in imaging become more apparent so, too, do the disadvantages of data heterogeneity. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl L Foster
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Isabella A Breukelaar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kanchana Ekanayake
- University Library, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mayuresh S Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Burke SL, Grudzien A, Li T, Abril M, Yin W, Tyrell TA, Barnes CP, Hanson K, DeKosky ST. Examining the relationship between anxiety and regional brain volumes in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center uniform, imaging, and biomarker datasets. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100201. [PMID: 38312309 PMCID: PMC10837066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety has been associated with a greater risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing research has identified structural differences in regional brain tissue in participants with anxiety, but results have been inconsistent. We sought to determine the association between anxiety and regional brain volumes, and the moderation effect of APOE ε4. Using data from participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set, with complete imaging (MRI) and biomarker data (n = 1533), multiple linear regression estimated the adjusted effect of anxiety on 30 structural MRI regions. The moderation effect of APOE ε4 on the relation between structural MRI regions and anxiety was assessed as was the moderation effect of cognitive status. False discovery rate was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. After controlling for intracranial volume, age, sex, years of education, race, Hispanic ethnicity, and cognitive status, seven MRI regions demonstrated lower volumes among participants with anxiety: total cerebrum gray matter volume, right hippocampus volume, hippocampal volume (total), right and left frontal lobe cortical gray matter volume, and right and total temporal lobe cortical gray matter volume. Findings suggest that anxiety is associated with significant atrophy in multiple brain regions, with corresponding ventricular enlargement. Future research should investigate if anxiety-related changes to brain morphology contribute to greater AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L. Burke
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St. AHC5 585, Miami 33199, FL, USA
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Adrienne Grudzien
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Marlou Abril
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Wupeng Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 S.W. 8th Street, Miami 33199, FL, USA
| | - Tahirah A. Tyrell
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Christopher P. Barnes
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100212, 2405 SW Archer Road, Gainesville 32608, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Hanson
- Information Services, Division of Research Operations & Services, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100212, 2405 SW Archer Road, Gainesville 32608, FL, USA
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute, 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Florida, USA
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14
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Cui Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Xie H. Multimodal magnetic resonance scans of patients with mild cognitive impairment. Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20230017. [PMID: 38111592 PMCID: PMC10727029 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The advancement of neuroimaging technology offers a pivotal reference for the early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a significant area of focus in contemporary cognitive function research. Structural MRI scans present visual and quantitative manifestations of alterations in brain tissue, whereas functional MRI scans depict the metabolic and functional state of brain tissues from diverse perspectives. As various magnetic resonance techniques possess both strengths and constraints, this review examines the methodologies and outcomes of multimodal magnetic resonance technology in MCI diagnosis, laying the groundwork for subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Shandong First Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Shandong First Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Radiology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shandong First Medical University, Department of Scientific Research, Ji’nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Shandong First Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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15
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Kinugawa K, Mano T, Fujimura S, Takatani T, Miyasaka T, Sugie K. Bradykinesia and rigidity modulated by functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex and globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1537-1545. [PMID: 37612469 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are currently unclear. Regional brain stimulation reported the changing of motor symptoms, but the correlation with functional connectivity (FC) in the brain network is not fully understood. Hence, our study aimed to explore the relationship between motor symptom severity and FC using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) in the "on" and "off" states of PD. In 26 patients with sporadic PD, FC was assessed using rsfMRI, and clinical severity was analyzed using the motor part of the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Part III) in the on and off states. Correlations between FC values and MDS-UPDRS Part III scores were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The correlation between FC and motor symptoms differed in the on and off states. FC between the ipsilateral precentral gyrus (PreCG) and globus pallidus (GP) correlated with the total MDS-UPDRS Part III scores and those for bradykinesia/rigidity in the off state. Lateralization analysis indicated that FC between the PreCG and GP correlated with the contralateral total MDS-UPDRS Part III scores and those for bradykinesia/rigidity in the off state. Aberrant FC in cortico-striatal circuits correlated with the severity of motor symptoms in PD. Cortico-striatal hyperconnectivity, particularly in motor pathways involving PreCG and GP, is related to motor impairments in PD. These findings may facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying motor symptoms in PD and aid in developing treatment strategies such as brain stimulation for motor impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kinugawa
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomoo Mano
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan.
| | - Shigekazu Fujimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Takatani
- Division of Central Clinical Laboratory, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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16
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Kinsey S, Kazimierczak K, Camazón PA, Chen J, Adali T, Kochunov P, Adhikari B, Ford J, van Erp TGM, Dhamala M, Calhoun VD, Iraji A. Networks extracted from nonlinear fMRI connectivity exhibit unique spatial variation and enhanced sensitivity to differences between individuals with schizophrenia and controls. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.16.566292. [PMID: 38014169 PMCID: PMC10680735 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.566292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies often estimate brain intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) from temporal relationships between hemodynamic signals using approaches such as independent component analysis (ICA). While ICNs are thought to represent functional sources that play important roles in various psychological phenomena, current approaches have been tailored to identify ICNs that mainly reflect linear statistical relationships. However, the elements comprising neural systems often exhibit remarkably complex nonlinear interactions that may be involved in cognitive operations and altered in psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods capable of effectively capturing ICNs from measures that are sensitive to nonlinear relationships. Here, we advance a novel approach to estimate ICNs from explicitly nonlinear whole-brain functional connectivity (ENL-wFC) by transforming resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data into the connectivity domain, allowing us to capture unique information from distance correlation patterns that would be missed by linear whole-brain functional connectivity (LIN-wFC) analysis. Our findings provide evidence that ICNs commonly extracted from linear (LIN) relationships are also reflected in explicitly nonlinear (ENL) connectivity patterns. ENL ICN estimates exhibit higher reliability and stability, highlighting our approach's ability to effectively quantify ICNs from rsfMRI data. Additionally, we observed a consistent spatial gradient pattern between LIN and ENL ICNs with higher ENL weight in core ICN regions, suggesting that ICN function may be subserved by nonlinear processes concentrated within network centers. We also found that a uniquely identified ENL ICN distinguished individuals with schizophrenia from healthy controls while a uniquely identified LIN ICN did not, emphasizing the valuable complementary information that can be gained by incorporating measures that are sensitive to nonlinearity in future analyses. Moreover, the ENL estimates of ICNs associated with auditory, linguistic, sensorimotor, and self-referential processes exhibit heightened sensitivity towards differentiating between individuals with schizophrenia and controls compared to LIN counterparts, demonstrating the translational value of our approach and of the ENL estimates of ICNs that are frequently reported as disrupted in schizophrenia. In summary, our findings underscore the tremendous potential of connectivity domain ICA and nonlinear information in resolving complex brain phenomena and revolutionizing the landscape of clinical FC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Kinsey
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Pablo Andrés Camazón
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tülay Adali
- Department of CSEE, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Bhim Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith Ford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mukesh Dhamala
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Yuan W, Xiang W, Si K, Yang C, Zhao L, Li J, Liu C. Multi-channel EEG-based sleep staging using brain functional connectivity and domain adaptation. Physiol Meas 2023; 44:105007. [PMID: 37827169 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ad02db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Sleep stage recognition has essential clinical value for evaluating human physical/mental condition and diagnosing sleep-related diseases. To conduct a five-class (wake, N1, N2, N3 and rapid eye movement) sleep staging task, twenty subjects with recorded six-channel electroencephalography (EEG) signals from the ISRUC-SLEEP dataset is used.Approach.Unlike the exist methods ignoring the channel coupling relationship and non-stationarity characteristics, we developed a brain functional connectivity method to provide a new insight for multi-channel analysis. Furthermore, we investigated three frequency-domain features: two functional connectivity estimations, i.e. synchronization likelihood (SL) and wavelet-based correlation (WC) among four frequency bands, and energy ratio (ER) related to six frequency bands, respectively. Then, the Gaussian support vector machine (SVM) method was used to predict the five sleep stages. The performance of the applied features is evaluated in both subject dependence experiment by ten-fold cross validation and subject independence experiment by leave-one-subject-out cross-validation, respectively.Main results.In subject dependence experiment, the results showed that the fused feature (fusion of SL, WC and ER features) contributes significant gain the performance of SVM classifier, where the mean of classification accuracy can achieve 83.97% ± 1.04%. However, in subject-independence experiment, the individual differences EEG patterns across subjects leads to inferior accuracy. Five typical domain adaptation (DA) methods were applied to reduce the discrepancy of feature distributions by selecting the optimal subspace dimension. Results showed that four DA methods can significantly improve the mean accuracy by 1.89%-5.22% compared to the baseline accuracy 57.44% in leave-one-subject-out cross-validation.Significance.Compared with traditional time-frequency and nonlinear features, brain functional connectivity features can capture the correlation between different brain regions. For the individual EEG response differences, domain adaptation methods can transform features to improve the performance of sleep staging algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Xiang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Smart Wearable and Rehabilitation Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyue Si
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Smart Wearable and Rehabilitation Devices, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
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Hormovas J, Dadario NB, Tang SJ, Nicholas P, Dhanaraj V, Young I, Doyen S, Sughrue ME. Parcellation-Based Connectivity Model of the Judgement Core. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1384. [PMID: 37763153 PMCID: PMC10532823 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Judgement is a higher-order brain function utilized in the evaluation process of problem solving. However, heterogeneity in the task methodology based on the many definitions of judgement and its expansive and nuanced applications have prevented the identification of a unified cortical model at a level of granularity necessary for clinical translation. Forty-six task-based fMRI studies were used to generate activation-likelihood estimations (ALE) across moral, social, risky, and interpersonal judgement paradigms. Cortical parcellations overlapping these ALEs were used to delineate patterns in neurocognitive network engagement for the four judgement tasks. Moral judgement involved the bilateral superior frontal gyri, right temporal gyri, and left parietal lobe. Social judgement demonstrated a left-dominant frontoparietal network with engagement of right-sided temporal limbic regions. Moral and social judgement tasks evoked mutual engagement of the bilateral DMN. Both interpersonal and risk judgement were shown to involve a right-sided frontoparietal network with accompanying engagement of the left insular cortex, converging at the right-sided CEN. Cortical activation in normophysiological judgement function followed two separable patterns involving the large-scale neurocognitive networks. Specifically, the DMN was found to subserve judgement centered around social inferences and moral cognition, while the CEN subserved tasks involving probabilistic reasoning, risk estimation, and strategic contemplation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hormovas
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Level 7 Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 125 Paterson St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Si Jie Tang
- School of Medicine, 21772 University of California Davis Medical Center, 2315 Stockton Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Peter Nicholas
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Vukshitha Dhanaraj
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Level 7 Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Isabella Young
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Stephane Doyen
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
| | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Centre for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Level 7 Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; (J.H.); (V.D.)
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Haymarket, NSW 2000, Australia; (P.N.); (I.Y.); (S.D.)
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19
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Li Y, Zhao M, Cao Y, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yun B, Luo L, Liu W, Zheng C. Static and dynamic resting-state brain activity patterns of table tennis players in 7-Tesla MRI. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1202932. [PMID: 37521699 PMCID: PMC10375049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1202932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Table tennis involves quick and accurate motor responses during training and competition. Multiple studies have reported considerably faster visuomotor responses and expertise-related intrinsic brain activity changes among table tennis players compared with matched controls. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we performed static and dynamic resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analyses of 20 table tennis players and 21 control subjects using 7T ultra-high field imaging. We calculated the static and dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) of the two groups. The results revealed that table tennis players exhibited decreased static ALFF in the left inferior temporal gyrus (lITG) compared with the control group. Voxel-wised static functional connectivity (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analyses using lITG as the seed region afforded complementary and overlapping results. The table tennis players exhibited decreased sFC in the right middle temporal gyrus and left inferior parietal gyrus. Conversely, they displayed increased dFC from the lITG to prefrontal cortex, particularly the left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus-medial, and left superior frontal gyrus-dorsolateral. These findings suggest that table tennis players demonstrate altered visuomotor transformation and executive function pathways. Both pathways involve the lITG, which is a vital node in the ventral visual stream. These static and dynamic analyses provide complementary and overlapping results, which may help us better understand the neural mechanisms underlying the changes in intrinsic brain activity and network organization induced by long-term table tennis skill training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Zhao
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yadan Wang
- College of Information and Electronic Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Bing Yun
- Department of Public Physical and Art Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le Luo
- Hangzhou Wuyunshan Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Sport Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chanying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Chauhan N, Choi BJ. Classification of Alzheimer's Disease Using Maximal Information Coefficient-Based Functional Connectivity with an Extreme Learning Machine. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1046. [PMID: 37508978 PMCID: PMC10377329 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive chronic illness that leads to cognitive decline and dementia. Neuroimaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and deep learning approaches offer promising avenues for AD classification. In this study, we investigate the use of fMRI-based functional connectivity (FC) measures, including the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), maximal information coefficient (MIC), and extended maximal information coefficient (eMIC), combined with extreme learning machines (ELM) for AD classification. Our findings demonstrate that employing non-linear techniques, such as MIC and eMIC, as features for classification yields accurate results. Specifically, eMIC-based features achieve a high accuracy of 94% for classifying cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals, outperforming PCC (81%) and MIC (85%). For MCI and AD classification, MIC achieves higher accuracy (81%) compared to PCC (58%) and eMIC (78%). In CN and AD classification, eMIC exhibits the best accuracy of 95% compared to MIC (90%) and PCC (87%). These results underscore the effectiveness of fMRI-based features derived from non-linear techniques in accurately differentiating AD and MCI individuals from CN individuals, emphasizing the potential of neuroimaging and machine learning methods for improving AD diagnosis and classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Chauhan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
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21
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Nemirovsky IE, Popiel NJM, Rudas J, Caius M, Naci L, Schiff ND, Owen AM, Soddu A. An implementation of integrated information theory in resting-state fMRI. Commun Biol 2023; 6:692. [PMID: 37407655 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated Information Theory was developed to explain and quantify consciousness, arguing that conscious systems consist of elements that are integrated through their causal properties. This study presents an implementation of Integrated Information Theory 3.0, the latest version of this framework, to functional MRI data. Data were acquired from 17 healthy subjects who underwent sedation with propofol, a short-acting anaesthetic. Using the PyPhi software package, we systematically analyze how Φmax, a measure of integrated information, is modulated by the sedative in different resting-state networks. We compare Φmax to other proposed measures of conscious level, including the previous version of integrated information, Granger causality, and correlation-based functional connectivity. Our results indicate that Φmax presents a variety of sedative-induced behaviours for different networks. Notably, changes to Φmax closely reflect changes to subjects' conscious level in the frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks, which are responsible for higher-order cognitive functions. In conclusion, our findings present important insight into different measures of conscious level that will be useful in future implementations to functional MRI and other forms of neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan E Nemirovsky
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Nicholas J M Popiel
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Rudas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Matthew Caius
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lorina Naci
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas D Schiff
- Feil Family Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Andrea Soddu
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
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22
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Gunawardena R, Sarrigiannis PG, Blackburn DJ, He F. Kernel-based Nonlinear Manifold Learning for EEG-based Functional Connectivity Analysis and Channel Selection with Application to Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00253-1. [PMID: 37301505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical, causal, and cross-frequency coupling analysis using the electroencephalogram (EEG) has gained significant attention for diagnosing and characterizing neurological disorders. Selecting important EEG channels is crucial for reducing computational complexity in implementing these methods and improving classification accuracy. In neuroscience, measures of (dis)similarity between EEG channels are often used as functional connectivity (FC) features, and important channels are selected via feature selection. Developing a generic measure of (dis)similarity is important for FC analysis and channel selection. In this study, learning of (dis)similarity information within the EEG is achieved using kernel-based nonlinear manifold learning. The focus is on FC changes and, thereby, EEG channel selection. Isomap and Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (Isomap-GPLVM) are employed for this purpose. The resulting kernel (dis)similarity matrix is used as a novel measure of linear and nonlinear FC between EEG channels. The analysis of EEG from healthy controls (HC) and patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) are presented as a case study. Classification results are compared with other commonly used FC measures. Our analysis shows significant differences in FC between bipolar channels of the occipital region and other regions (i.e. parietal, centro-parietal, and fronto-central) between AD and HC groups. Furthermore, our results indicate that FC changes between channels along the fronto-parietal region and the rest of the EEG are important in diagnosing AD. Our results and its relation to functional networks are consistent with those obtained from previous studies using fMRI, resting-state fMRI and EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajintha Gunawardena
- Centre for Computational Science and Mathematical Modelling, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | | | - Daniel J Blackburn
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Fei He
- Centre for Computational Science and Mathematical Modelling, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
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23
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Squires M, Tao X, Elangovan S, Gururajan R, Zhou X, Acharya UR, Li Y. Deep learning and machine learning in psychiatry: a survey of current progress in depression detection, diagnosis and treatment. Brain Inform 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 37093301 PMCID: PMC10123592 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Informatics paradigms for brain and mental health research have seen significant advances in recent years. These developments can largely be attributed to the emergence of new technologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. Data-driven methods have the potential to support mental health care by providing more precise and personalised approaches to detection, diagnosis, and treatment of depression. In particular, precision psychiatry is an emerging field that utilises advanced computational techniques to achieve a more individualised approach to mental health care. This survey provides an overview of the ways in which artificial intelligence is currently being used to support precision psychiatry. Advanced algorithms are being used to support all phases of the treatment cycle. These systems have the potential to identify individuals suffering from mental health conditions, allowing them to receive the care they need and tailor treatments to individual patients who are mostly to benefit. Additionally, unsupervised learning techniques are breaking down existing discrete diagnostic categories and highlighting the vast disease heterogeneity observed within depression diagnoses. Artificial intelligence also provides the opportunity to shift towards evidence-based treatment prescription, moving away from existing methods based on group averages. However, our analysis suggests there are several limitations currently inhibiting the progress of data-driven paradigms in care. Significantly, none of the surveyed articles demonstrate empirically improved patient outcomes over existing methods. Furthermore, greater consideration needs to be given to uncertainty quantification, model validation, constructing interdisciplinary teams of researchers, improved access to diverse data and standardised definitions within the field. Empirical validation of computer algorithms via randomised control trials which demonstrate measurable improvement to patient outcomes are the next step in progressing models to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Squires
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Xiaohui Tao
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Raj Gururajan
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
| | - Xujuan Zhou
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuefeng Li
- School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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24
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de Lange SC, Helwegen K, van den Heuvel MP. Structural and functional connectivity reconstruction with CATO - A Connectivity Analysis TOolbox. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120108. [PMID: 37059156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a Connectivity Analysis TOolbox (CATO) for the reconstruction of structural and functional brain connectivity based on diffusion weighted imaging and resting-state functional MRI data. CATO is a multimodal software package that enables researchers to run end-to-end reconstructions from MRI data to structural and functional connectome maps, customize their analyses and utilize various software packages to preprocess data. Structural and functional connectome maps can be reconstructed with respect to user-defined (sub)cortical atlases providing aligned connectivity matrices for integrative multimodal analyses. We outline the implementation and usage of the structural and functional processing pipelines in CATO. Performance was calibrated with respect to simulated diffusion weighted imaging from the ITC2015 challenge, test-retest diffusion weighted imaging data and resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project. CATO is open-source software distributed under the MIT License and available as a MATLAB toolbox and as a stand-alone application at www.dutchconnectomelab.nl/CATO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemon C de Lange
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Koen Helwegen
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
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25
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Prado P, Moguilner S, Mejía JA, Sainz-Ballesteros A, Otero M, Birba A, Santamaria-Garcia H, Legaz A, Fittipaldi S, Cruzat J, Tagliazucchi E, Parra M, Herzog R, Ibáñez A. Source space connectomics of neurodegeneration: One-metric approach does not fit all. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106047. [PMID: 36841423 PMCID: PMC11170467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain functional connectivity in dementia has been assessed with dissimilar EEG connectivity metrics and estimation procedures, thereby increasing results' heterogeneity. In this scenario, joint analyses integrating information from different metrics may allow for a more comprehensive characterization of brain functional interactions in different dementia subtypes. To test this hypothesis, resting-state electroencephalogram (rsEEG) was recorded in individuals with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and healthy controls (HCs). Whole-brain functional connectivity was estimated in the EEG source space using 101 different types of functional connectivity, capturing linear and nonlinear interactions in both time and frequency-domains. Multivariate machine learning and progressive feature elimination was run to discriminate AD from HCs, and bvFTD from HCs, based on joint analyses of i) EEG frequency bands, ii) complementary frequency-domain metrics (e.g., instantaneous, lagged, and total connectivity), and iii) time-domain metrics with different linearity assumption (e.g., Pearson correlation coefficient and mutual information). <10% of all possible connections were responsible for the differences between patients and controls, and atypical connectivity was never captured by >1/4 of all possible connectivity measures. Joint analyses revealed patterns of hypoconnectivity (patientsHCs) in both groups was mainly identified in frontotemporal regions. These atypicalities were differently captured by frequency- and time-domain connectivity metrics, in a bandwidth-specific fashion. The multi-metric representation of source space whole-brain functional connectivity evidenced the inadequacy of single-metric approaches, and resulted in a valid alternative for the selection problem in EEG connectivity. These joint analyses reveal patterns of brain functional interdependence that are overlooked with single metrics approaches, contributing to a more reliable and interpretable description of atypical functional connectivity in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Prado
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jhony A Mejía
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mónica Otero
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro BASAL Ciencia & Vida, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustina Birba
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
- PhD Neuroscience Program, Physiology and Psychiatry Departments, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Memory and Cognition Center Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agustina Legaz
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josephine Cruzat
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA -CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rubén Herzog
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Fundación para el Estudio de la Conciencia Humana (EcoH), Chile
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; PhD Neuroscience Program, Physiology and Psychiatry Departments, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Memory and Cognition Center Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia; Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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26
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Holz NE, Berhe O, Sacu S, Schwarz E, Tesarz J, Heim CM, Tost H. Early Social Adversity, Altered Brain Functional Connectivity, and Mental Health. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:430-441. [PMID: 36581495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Early adverse environmental exposures during brain development are widespread risk factors for the onset of severe mental disorders and strong and consistent predictors of stress-related mental and physical illness and reduced life expectancy. Current evidence suggests that early negative experiences alter plasticity processes during developmentally sensitive time windows and affect the regular functional interaction of cortical and subcortical neural networks. This, in turn, may promote a maladapted development with negative consequences on the mental and physical health of exposed individuals. In this review, we discuss the role of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based functional connectivity phenotypes as potential biomarker candidates for the consequences of early environmental exposures-including but not limited to-childhood maltreatment. We take an expanded concept of developmentally relevant adverse experiences from infancy over childhood to adolescence as our starting point and focus our review of functional connectivity studies on a selected subset of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based phenotypes, including connectivity in the limbic and within the frontoparietal as well as default mode networks, for which we believe there is sufficient converging evidence for a more detailed discussion in a developmental context. Furthermore, we address specific methodological challenges and current knowledge gaps that complicate the interpretation of early stress effects on functional connectivity and deserve particular attention in future studies. Finally, we highlight the forthcoming prospects and challenges of this research area with regard to establishing functional connectivity measures as validated biomarkers for brain developmental processes and individual risk stratification and as target phenotypes for mechanism-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie E Holz
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oksana Berhe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seda Sacu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonas Tesarz
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine M Heim
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany; College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Heike Tost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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27
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Functional connectivity based brain signatures of behavioral regulation in children with ADHD, DCD, and ADHD-DCD. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:85-94. [PMID: 34937602 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral regulation problems have been associated with daily-life and mental health challenges in children with neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Here, we investigated transdiagnostic brain signatures associated with behavioral regulation. Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 115 children (31 typically developing (TD), 35 ADHD, 21 DCD, 28 ADHD-DCD) aged 7-17 years. Behavioral regulation was measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and was found to differ between children with ADHD (i.e., children with ADHD and ADHD-DCD) and without ADHD (i.e., TD children and children with DCD). Functional connectivity (FC) maps were computed for 10 regions of interest and FC maps were tested for correlations with behavioral regulation scores. Across the entire sample, greater behavioral regulation problems were associated with stronger negative FC within prefrontal pathways and visual reward pathways, as well as with weaker positive FC in frontostriatal reward pathways. These findings significantly increase our knowledge on FC in children with and without ADHD and highlight the potential of FC as brain-based signatures of behavioral regulation across children with differing neurodevelopmental conditions.
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28
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Tanglay O, Dadario NB, Chong EHN, Tang SJ, Young IM, Sughrue ME. Graph Theory Measures and Their Application to Neurosurgical Eloquence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:556. [PMID: 36672504 PMCID: PMC9857081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving patient safety and preserving eloquent brain are crucial in neurosurgery. Since there is significant clinical variability in post-operative lesions suffered by patients who undergo surgery in the same areas deemed compensable, there is an unknown degree of inter-individual variability in brain 'eloquence'. Advances in connectomic mapping efforts through diffusion tractography allow for utilization of non-invasive imaging and statistical modeling to graphically represent the brain. Extending the definition of brain eloquence to graph theory measures of hubness and centrality may help to improve our understanding of individual variability in brain eloquence and lesion responses. While functional deficits cannot be immediately determined intra-operatively, there has been potential shown by emerging technologies in mapping of hub nodes as an add-on to existing surgical navigation modalities to improve individual surgical outcomes. This review aims to outline and review current research surrounding novel graph theoretical concepts of hubness, centrality, and eloquence and specifically its relevance to brain mapping for pre-operative planning and intra-operative navigation in neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tanglay
- UNSW School of Clinical Medicine, Faulty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 125 Paterson St, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. N. Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Si Jie Tang
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Isabella M. Young
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Michael E. Sughrue
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Level 10/580 George Street, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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29
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Williams D. Basal ganglia functional connectivity network analysis does not support the 'noisy signal' hypothesis of Parkinson's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad123. [PMID: 37124947 PMCID: PMC10139445 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'noisy signal' hypothesis of basal ganglia dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) suggests that major motor symptoms of the disorder are caused by the development of abnormal basal ganglia activity patterns resulting in the propagation of 'noisy' signals to target systems. While such abnormal activity patterns might be useful biomarkers for the development of therapeutic interventions, correlation between specific changes in activity and PD symptoms has been inconsistently demonstrated, and raises questions concerning the accuracy of the hypothesis. Here, we tested this hypothesis by considering three nodes of the basal ganglia network, the subthalamus, globus pallidus interna, and cortex during self-paced and cued movements in patients with PD. Interactions between these regions were analyzed using measures that assess both linear and non-linear relationships. Marked changes in the network are observed with dopamine state. Specifically, we detected functional disconnection of the basal ganglia from the cortex and higher network variability in untreated PD, but various patterns of directed functional connectivity with lower network variability in treated PD. When we examine the system output, significant correlation is observed between variability in the cortico-basal ganglia network and muscle activity variability but only in the treated state. Rather than supporting a role of the basal ganglia in the transmission of noisy signals in patients with PD, these findings suggest that cortico-basal ganglia network interactions by fault or design, in the treated Parkinsonian state, are actually associated with improved cortical network output variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Williams
- Correspondence to: Dr David Williams. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Tawam, Next to Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, PO Box 15551, United Arab Emirates. E-mail:
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30
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Gonzalez-Gomez R, Ibañez A, Moguilner S. Multiclass characterization of frontotemporal dementia variants via multimodal brain network computational inference. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:322-350. [PMID: 37333999 PMCID: PMC10270711 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterizing a particular neurodegenerative condition against others possible diseases remains a challenge along clinical, biomarker, and neuroscientific levels. This is the particular case of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) variants, where their specific characterization requires high levels of expertise and multidisciplinary teams to subtly distinguish among similar physiopathological processes. Here, we used a computational approach of multimodal brain networks to address simultaneous multiclass classification of 298 subjects (one group against all others), including five FTD variants: behavioral variant FTD, corticobasal syndrome, nonfluent variant primary progressive aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy, and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, with healthy controls. Fourteen machine learning classifiers were trained with functional and structural connectivity metrics calculated through different methods. Due to the large number of variables, dimensionality was reduced, employing statistical comparisons and progressive elimination to assess feature stability under nested cross-validation. The machine learning performance was measured through the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, reaching 0.81 on average, with a standard deviation of 0.09. Furthermore, the contributions of demographic and cognitive data were also assessed via multifeatured classifiers. An accurate simultaneous multiclass classification of each FTD variant against other variants and controls was obtained based on the selection of an optimum set of features. The classifiers incorporating the brain's network and cognitive assessment increased performance metrics. Multimodal classifiers evidenced specific variants' compromise, across modalities and methods through feature importance analysis. If replicated and validated, this approach may help to support clinical decision tools aimed to detect specific affectations in the context of overlapping diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Gonzalez-Gomez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andres, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Motlaghian SM, Belger A, Bustillo JR, Ford JM, Iraji A, Lim K, Mathalon DH, Mueller BA, O'Leary D, Pearlson G, Potkin SG, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Calhoun VD. Nonlinear functional network connectivity in resting functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4556-4566. [PMID: 35762454 PMCID: PMC9491296 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we focus on explicitly nonlinear relationships in functional networks. We introduce a technique using normalized mutual information (NMI) that calculates the nonlinear relationship between different brain regions. We demonstrate our proposed approach using simulated data and then apply it to a dataset previously studied by Damaraju et al. This resting-state fMRI data included 151 schizophrenia patients and 163 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We first decomposed these data using group independent component analysis (ICA) and yielded 47 functionally relevant intrinsic connectivity networks. Our analysis showed a modularized nonlinear relationship among brain functional networks that was particularly noticeable in the sensory and visual cortex. Interestingly, the modularity appears both meaningful and distinct from that revealed by the linear approach. Group analysis identified significant differences in explicitly nonlinear functional network connectivity (FNC) between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, particularly in the visual cortex, with controls showing more nonlinearity (i.e., higher normalized mutual information between time courses with linear relationships removed) in most cases. Certain domains, including subcortical and auditory, showed relatively less nonlinear FNC (i.e., lower normalized mutual information), whereas links between the visual and other domains showed evidence of substantial nonlinear and modular properties. Overall, these results suggest that quantifying nonlinear dependencies of functional connectivity may provide a complementary and potentially important tool for studying brain function by exposing relevant variation that is typically ignored. Beyond this, we propose a method that captures both linear and nonlinear effects in a "boosted" approach. This method increases the sensitivity to group differences compared to the standard linear approach, at the cost of being unable to separate linear and nonlinear effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Motlaghian
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State, Georgia Tech, EmoryAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State, Georgia Tech, EmoryAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kelvin Lim
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel O'Leary
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurobiologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri‐institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS)Georgia State, Georgia Tech, EmoryAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Palmer WC, Park SM, Levendovszky SR. Brain state transition analysis using ultra-fast fMRI differentiates MCI from cognitively normal controls. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:975305. [PMID: 36248645 PMCID: PMC9555083 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.975305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Conventional resting-state fMRI studies indicate that many cortical and subcortical regions have altered function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the nature of this alteration has remained unclear. Ultrafast fMRIs with sub-second acquisition times have the potential to improve signal contrast and enable advanced analyses to understand temporal interactions between brain regions as opposed to spatial interactions. In this work, we leverage such fast fMRI acquisitions from Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative to understand temporal differences in the interactions between resting-state networks in 55 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 50 cognitively normal healthy controls. Methods We used a sliding window approach followed by k-means clustering. At each window, we computed connectivity i.e., correlations within and across the regions of the default mode, salience, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal network. Visual and somatosensory networks were excluded due to their lack of association with AD. Using the Davies-Bouldin index, we identified clusters of windows with distinct connectivity patterns, also referred to as brain states. The fMRI time courses were converted into time courses depicting brain state transition. From these state time course, we calculated the dwell time for each state i.e., how long a participant spent in each state. We determined how likely a participant transitioned between brain states. Both metrics were compared between MCI participants and controls using a false discovery rate correction of multiple comparisons at a threshold of. 0.05. Results We identified 8 distinct brain states representing connectivity within and between the resting state networks. We identified three transitions that were different between controls and MCI, all involving transitions in connectivity between frontoparietal, dorsal attention, and default mode networks (p<0.04). Conclusion We show that ultra-fast fMRI paired with dynamic functional connectivity analysis allows us to capture temporal transitions between brain states. Most changes were associated with transitions between the frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks connectivity and their interaction with the default mode network. Although future work needs to validate these findings, the brain networks identified in our work are known to interact with each other and play an important role in cognitive function and memory impairment in AD.
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Reduced functional connectivity supports statistical learning of temporally distributed regularities. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119459. [PMID: 35820582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical learning is a powerful ability that extracts regularities from our environment and makes predictions about future events. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we aimed to probe how a wide range of brain areas are intertwined to support statistical learning, characterising its architecture in the whole-brain functional connectivity (FC). Participants performed a statistical learning task of temporally distributed regularities. We used refined behavioural learning scores to associate individuals' learning performances with the FC changed by statistical learning. As a result, the learning performance was mediated by the activation strength in the lateral occipital cortex, angular gyrus, precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, and superior frontal gyrus. Through a group independent component analysis, activations of the superior frontal network showed the largest correlation with the statistical learning performances. Seed-to-voxel whole-brain and seed-to-ROI FC analyses revealed that the FC between the superior frontal gyrus and the salience, language, and dorsal attention networks were reduced during statistical learning. We suggest that the weakened functional connections between the superior frontal gyrus and brain regions involved in top-down control processes serve a pivotal role in statistical learning, supporting better processing of novel information such as the extraction of new patterns from the environment.
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Veldhuizen MG, Cecchetto C, Fjaeldstad AW, Farruggia MC, Hartig R, Nakamura Y, Pellegrino R, Yeung AWK, Fischmeister FPS. Future Directions for Chemosensory Connectomes: Best Practices and Specific Challenges. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:885304. [PMID: 35707745 PMCID: PMC9190244 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.885304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological chemosensory stimuli almost always evoke responses in more than one sensory system. Moreover, any sensory processing takes place along a hierarchy of brain regions. So far, the field of chemosensory neuroimaging is dominated by studies that examine the role of brain regions in isolation. However, to completely understand neural processing of chemosensation, we must also examine interactions between regions. In general, the use of connectivity methods has increased in the neuroimaging field, providing important insights to physical sensory processing, such as vision, audition, and touch. A similar trend has been observed in chemosensory neuroimaging, however, these established techniques have largely not been rigorously applied to imaging studies on the chemical senses, leaving network insights overlooked. In this article, we first highlight some recent work in chemosensory connectomics and we summarize different connectomics techniques. Then, we outline specific challenges for chemosensory connectome neuroimaging studies. Finally, we review best practices from the general connectomics and neuroimaging fields. We recommend future studies to develop or use the following methods we perceive as key to improve chemosensory connectomics: (1) optimized study designs, (2) reporting guidelines, (3) consensus on brain parcellations, (4) consortium research, and (5) data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Veldhuizen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alexander W. Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Michael C. Farruggia
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Renée Hartig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany,Functional and Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Andy W. K. Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister,
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35
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Multivariate Gaussian Copula Mutual Information to Estimate Functional Connectivity with Less Random Architecture. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24050631. [PMID: 35626516 PMCID: PMC9141633 DOI: 10.3390/e24050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of a brain region’s interaction is an important field in neuroscience. Most studies use the Pearson correlation to find the interaction between the regions. According to the experimental evidence, there is a nonlinear dependence between the activities of different brain regions that is ignored by Pearson correlation as a linear measure. Typically, the average activity of each region is used as input because it is a univariate measure. This dimensional reduction, i.e., averaging, leads to a loss of spatial information across voxels within the region. In this study, we propose using an information-theoretic measure, multivariate mutual information (mvMI), as a nonlinear dependence to find the interaction between regions. This measure, which has been recently proposed, simplifies the mutual information calculation complexity using the Gaussian copula. Using simulated data, we show that the using this measure overcomes the mentioned limitations. Additionally using the real resting-state fMRI data, we compare the level of significance and randomness of graphs constructed using different methods. Our results indicate that the proposed method estimates the functional connectivity more significantly and leads to a smaller number of random connections than the common measure, Pearson correlation. Moreover, we find that the similarity of the estimated functional networks of the individuals is higher when the proposed method is used.
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Sezer I, Pizzagalli DA, Sacchet MD. Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity and mindfulness in clinical and non-clinical contexts: A review and synthesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104583. [PMID: 35202647 PMCID: PMC9083081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review synthesizes relations between mindfulness and resting-state fMRI functional connectivity of brain networks. Mindfulness is characterized by present-moment awareness and experiential acceptance, and relies on attention control, self-awareness, and emotion regulation. We integrate studies of functional connectivity and (1) trait mindfulness and (2) mindfulness meditation interventions. Mindfulness is related to functional connectivity in the default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and salience (SN) networks. Specifically, mindfulness-mediated functional connectivity changes include (1) increased connectivity between posterior cingulate cortex (DMN) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (FPN), which may relate to attention control; (2) decreased connectivity between cuneus and SN, which may relate to self-awareness; (3) increased connectivity between rostral anterior cingulate cortex region and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMN) and decreased connectivity between rostral anterior cingulate cortex region and amygdala region, both of which may relate to emotion regulation; and lastly, (4) increased connectivity between dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (SN) and anterior insula (SN) which may relate to pain relief. While further study of mindfulness is needed, neural signatures of mindfulness are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Sezer
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA; Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University/CNRS/INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
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Yang FN, Hassanzadeh-Behbahani S, Kumar P, Moore DJ, Ellis RJ, Jiang X. The impacts of HIV infection, age, and education on functional brain networks in adults with HIV. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:265-273. [PMID: 35044643 PMCID: PMC9584140 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain highly prevalent in people with HIV (PWH). Studies suggested that certain sociodemographic factors are associated with the risk of HAND in PWH. Here we investigated the impact of HIV infection and demographics on functional brain networks. One run of 8.5 min resting state functional MRI (fMRI) data was collected from 101 PWH (41-70 years old) and 40 demographically comparable controls. Functional connectivity (FC) was calculated using average wavelet coherence. The impact of demographic factors on FCs was investigated using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Wavelet coherence analysis revealed a reduced within-network connectivity in the dorsal somatomotor network (dSMN), along with a reduced between-network connectivity between dSMN and medial temporal lobe (MTL) in PWH (compared to controls). Across all participants, CCA revealed that older age and HIV infection had negative impacts on network connectivity measures (mainly reduced within- and between-network FCs), whereas education had an opposite effect. In addition, being female at birth or a member of a minority ethnic/racial group was also associated with network disruptions. Our data suggested that advanced age and HIV infection are risk factors for functional brain network disruptions, whereas higher educational attainment was linked to better preserved functional network connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | | | - Princy Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xiong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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Philips RT, Torrisi SJ, Gorka AX, Grillon C, Ernst M. Dynamic Time Warping Identifies Functionally Distinct fMRI Resting State Cortical Networks Specific to VTA and SNc: A Proof of Concept. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:1142-1151. [PMID: 34448816 PMCID: PMC9077269 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) is determined by similarity between functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals from distinct brain regions. However, traditional FC analyses ignore temporal phase differences. Here, we addressed this limitation, using dynamic time warping (DTW) within a machine-learning framework, to study cortical FC patterns of 2 spatially adjacent but functionally distinct subcortical regions, namely Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (SNc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). We evaluate: 1) the influence of pair of brain regions considered, 2) the influence of warping window sizes, 3) the classification efficacy of DTW, and 4) the uniqueness of features identified. Whole brain 7 Tesla resting state fMRI scans from 81 healthy participants were used. FC between 2 subcortical regions of interests (ROIs) and 360 cortical parcels were computed using: 1) Pearson correlations (PCs), 2) dynamic time-warped PCs (DTW-PC). The separability of SNc-cortical and VTA-cortical network was validated on 40 participants and tested on the remaining 41, using a support vector machine (SVM). The SVM separated the SNc-cortical versus VTA-cortical network with 74.39 and 97.56% test accuracy using PC and DTW-PC, respectively. SVM-recursive feature elimination yielded 20 DTW-PC features that most strongly contributed to the separation of the networks and revealed novel VTA versus SNc preferential connections (P < 0.05, Bonferroni-Holm corrected).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Philips
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Salvatore J Torrisi
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adam X Gorka
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christian Grillon
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Tang H, Guo L, Fu X, Qu B, Thompson PM, Huang H, Zhan L. HIERARCHICAL BRAIN EMBEDDING USING EXPLAINABLE GRAPH LEARNING. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 2022:10.1109/isbi52829.2022.9761543. [PMID: 36687764 PMCID: PMC9851647 DOI: 10.1109/isbi52829.2022.9761543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain networks have been extensively studied in neuroscience, to better understand human behavior, and to identify and characterize distributed brain abnormalities in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Several deep graph learning models have been proposed for brain network analysis, yet most current models lack interpretability, which makes it hard to gain any heuristic biological insights into the results. In this paper, we propose a new explainable graph learning model, named hierarchical brain embedding (HBE), to extract brain network representations based on the network community structure, yielding interpretable hierarchical patterns. We apply our new method to predict aggressivity, rule-breaking, and other standardized behavioral scores from functional brain networks derived using ICA from 1,000 young healthy subjects scanned by the Human Connectome Project. Our results show that the proposed HBE outperforms several state-of-the-art graph learning methods in predicting behavioral measures, and demonstrates similar hierarchical brain network patterns associated with clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoteng Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xiyao Fu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Paul M. Thompson
- Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, USA
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Liang Zhan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Corresponding Author
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Cao J, Zhao Y, Shan X, Wei H, Guo Y, Chen L, Erkoyuncu JA, Sarrigiannis PG. Brain functional and effective connectivity based on electroencephalography recordings: A review. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:860-879. [PMID: 34668603 PMCID: PMC8720201 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity and effective connectivity of the human brain, representing statistical dependence and directed information flow between cortical regions, significantly contribute to the study of the intrinsic brain network and its functional mechanism. Many recent studies on electroencephalography (EEG) have been focusing on modeling and estimating brain connectivity due to increasing evidence that it can help better understand various brain neurological conditions. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive updated review on studies of EEG-based brain connectivity, particularly on visualization options and associated machine learning applications, aiming to translate those techniques into useful clinical tools. This article reviews EEG-based functional and effective connectivity studies undertaken over the last few years, in terms of estimation, visualization, and applications associated with machine learning classifiers. Methods are explored and discussed from various dimensions, such as either linear or nonlinear, parametric or nonparametric, time-based, and frequency-based or time-frequency-based. Then it is followed by a novel review of brain connectivity visualization methods, grouped by Heat Map, data statistics, and Head Map, aiming to explore the variation of connectivity across different brain regions. Finally, the current challenges of related research and a roadmap for future related research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- School of Aerospace, Transport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfield
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Aerospace, Transport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfield
| | - Xiaocai Shan
- School of Aerospace, Transport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfield
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hua‐liang Wei
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Yuzhu Guo
- School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liangyu Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Prado P, Birba A, Cruzat J, Santamaría-García H, Parra M, Moguilner S, Tagliazucchi E, Ibáñez A. Dementia ConnEEGtome: Towards multicentric harmonization of EEG connectivity in neurodegeneration. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 172:24-38. [PMID: 34968581 PMCID: PMC9887537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The proposal to use brain connectivity as a biomarker for dementia phenotyping can be potentiated by conducting large-scale multicentric studies using high-density electroencephalography (hd- EEG). Nevertheless, several barriers preclude the development of a systematic "ConnEEGtome" in dementia research. Here we review critical sources of variability in EEG connectivity studies, and provide general guidelines for multicentric protocol harmonization. We describe how results can be impacted by the choice for data acquisition, and signal processing workflows. The implementation of a particular processing pipeline is conditional upon assumptions made by researchers about the nature of EEG. Due to these assumptions, EEG connectivity metrics are typically applicable to restricted scenarios, e.g., to a particular neurocognitive disorder. "Ground truths" for the choice of processing workflow and connectivity analysis are impractical. Consequently, efforts should be directed to harmonizing experimental procedures, data acquisition, and the first steps of the preprocessing pipeline. Conducting multiple analyses of the same data and a proper integration of the results need to be considered in additional processing steps. Furthermore, instead of using a single connectivity measure, using a composite metric combining different connectivity measures brings a powerful strategy to scale up the replicability of multicentric EEG connectivity studies. These composite metrics can boost the predictive strength of diagnostic tools for dementia. Moreover, the implementation of multi-feature machine learning classification systems that include EEG-based connectivity analyses may help to exploit the potential of multicentric studies combining clinical-cognitive, molecular, genetics, and neuroimaging data towards a multi-dimensional characterization of the dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Prado
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Agustina Birba
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Cruzat
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Hernando Santamaría-García
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Medical School, Physiology and Psychiatry Departments, Memory and Cognition Center Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mario Parra
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Moguilner
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), California, USA,Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile,Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Fisica de Buenos Aires (IFIBA -CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile,Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), California, USA,Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland,Corresponding author at: Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile., (A. Ibáñez)
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42
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Miranda M, Campo CG, Birba A, Neely A, Hernandez FDT, Faure E, Costa GR, Ibáñez A, García A. An action-concept processing advantage in a patient with a double motor cortex. Brain Cogn 2022; 156:105831. [PMID: 34922210 PMCID: PMC9944406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with atrophy in motor brain regions exhibit selective deficits in processing action-related meanings, suggesting a link between movement conceptualization and the amount of regional tissue. Here we examine such a relation in a unique opposite model: a rare patient with a double cortex (due to subcortical band heterotopia) in primary/supplementary motor regions, and no double cortex in multimodal semantic regions. We measured behavioral performance in action- and object-concept processing as well and resting-state functional connectivity. Both dimensions involved comparisons with healthy controls. Results revealed preserved accuracy in action and object categories for the patient. However, unlike controls, the patient exhibited faster performance for action than object concepts, a difference that was uninfluenced by general cognitive abilities. Moreover, this pattern was accompanied by heightened functional connectivity between the bilateral primary motor cortices. This suggests that a functionally active double motor cortex may entail action-processing advantages. Our findings offer new constraints for models of action semantics and motor-region function at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Miranda
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional (INCyT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Gonzalez Campo
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Birba
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Neely
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Evelyng Faure
- Department of Radiology, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile,Advanced Epilepsy Center, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Rojas Costa
- Department of Radiology, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile,Advanced Epilepsy Center, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile,Health Innovation Center, Clínica las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina,Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina,Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adolfo García
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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43
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Smith JL, Trofimova A, Ahluwalia V, Casado Garrido JJ, Hurtado J, Frank R, Hodge A, Gore RK, Allen JW. The "vestibular neuromatrix": A proposed, expanded vestibular network from graph theory in post-concussive vestibular dysfunction. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1501-1518. [PMID: 34862683 PMCID: PMC8886666 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent clinical and neuroimaging evidence suggests that higher vestibular function is subserved by a distributed network including visuospatial, cognitive-affective, proprioceptive, and integrative brain regions. Clinical vestibular syndromes may perturb this network, resulting in deficits across a variety of functional domains. Here, we leverage structural and functional neuroimaging to characterize this extended network in healthy control participants and patients with post-concussive vestibular dysfunction (PCVD). Then, 27 healthy control subjects (15 females) and 18 patients with subacute PCVD (12 female) were selected for participation. Eighty-two regions of interest (network nodes) were identified based on previous publications, group-wise differences in BOLD signal amplitude and connectivity, and multivariate pattern analysis on affective tests. Group-specific "core" networks, as well as a "consensus" network comprised of connections common to all participants, were then generated based on probabilistic tractography and functional connectivity between the 82 nodes and subjected to analyses of node centrality and community structure. Whereas the consensus network was comprised of affective, integrative, and vestibular nodes, PCVD participants exhibited diminished integration and centrality among vestibular and affective nodes and increased centrality of visual, supplementary motor, and frontal and cingulate eye field nodes. Clinical outcomes, derived from dynamic posturography, were associated with approximately 62% of all connections but best predicted by amygdalar, prefrontal, and cingulate connectivity. No group-wise differences in diffusion metrics or tractography were noted. These findings indicate that cognitive, affective, and proprioceptive substrates contribute to vestibular processing and performance and highlight the need to consider these domains during clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anna Trofimova
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vishwadeep Ahluwalia
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Advanced Brain Imaging, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jose J Casado Garrido
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Russell K Gore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Shepherd Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason W Allen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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44
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Volpi T, Silvestri E, Corbetta M, Bertoldo A. Assessing different approaches to estimate single-subject metabolic connectivity from dynamic [ 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography data. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:3259-3262. [PMID: 34891936 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic connectivity is conventionally calculated in terms of correlation of static positron emission tomography (PET) measurements across subjects. There is increasing interest in deriving metabolic connectivity at the single-subject level from dynamic PET data, in a similar way to functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, the strong multicollinearity among region-wise PET time-activity curves (TACs), their non-Gaussian distribution, and the choice of the best strategy for TAC standardization before metabolic connectivity estimation, are non-trivial methodological issues to be tackled.In this work we test four different approaches to estimate sparse inverse covariance matrices, as well as three similarity-based methods to derive adjacency matrices. These approaches, combined with three different TAC standardization strategies, are employed to quantify metabolic connectivity from dynamic [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET data in four healthy subjects.
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45
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Alyan E, Saad NM, Kamel N, Rahman MA. Workplace design-related stress effects on prefrontal cortex connectivity and neurovascular coupling. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 96:103497. [PMID: 34139374 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of workstation type on the neural and vascular networks of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) underlying the cognitive activity involved during mental stress. Workstation design has been reported to affect the physical and mental health of employees. However, while the functional effects of ergonomic workstations have been documented, there is little research on the influence of workstation design on the executive function of the brain. In this study, 23 healthy volunteers in ergonomic and non-ergonomic workstations completed the Montreal imaging stress task, while their brain activity was recorded using the synchronized measurement of electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed desynchronization in alpha rhythms and oxygenated hemoglobin, as well as decreased functional connectivity in the PFC networks at the non-ergonomic workstations. Additionally, a significant increase in salivary alpha-amylase activity was observed in all participants at the non-ergonomic workstations, confirming the presence of induced stress. These findings suggest that workstation design can significantly impact cognitive functioning and human capabilities at work. Therefore, the use of functional neuroimaging in workplace design can provide critical information on the causes of workplace-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Alyan
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Naufal M Saad
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Abdul Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450, Perak, Malaysia
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46
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Risk BB, Gaynanova I. Simultaneous non-Gaussian component analysis (SING) for data integration in neuroimaging. Ann Appl Stat 2021. [DOI: 10.1214/21-aoas1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B. Risk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University
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47
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Mousavian M, Chen J, Traylor Z, Greening S. Depression detection from sMRI and rs-fMRI images using machine learning. J Intell Inf Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10844-021-00653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Jafari Z, Perani D, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Bilingual experience and intrinsic functional connectivity in adults, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1505:8-22. [PMID: 34309857 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade marked the beginning of the use of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) imaging in bilingualism studies. This paper intends to review the latest evidence of changes in RSFC in language and cognitive control networks in bilinguals during adulthood, aging, and early Alzheimer's disease, which can add to our understanding of brain functional reshaping in the context of second language (L2) acquisition. Because of high variability in bilingual experience, recent studies mostly focus on the role of the main aspects of bilingual experience (age of acquisition (AoA), language proficiency, and language usage) on intrinsic functional connectivity (FC). Existing evidence accounts for stronger FC in simultaneous rather than sequential bilinguals in language and control networks, and the modulation of the AoA impact by language proficiency and usage. Studies on older bilingual adults show stronger FC in language and frontoparietal networks and preserved FC in posterior brain regions, which can protect the brain against cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes. Altered RSFC in language and control networks subsequent to L2 training programs also is associated with improved global cognition in older adults. This review ends with a brief discussion of potential confounding factors in bilingualism research and conclusions and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jafari
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniela Perani
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Bryan E Kolb
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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49
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Eken A. Assessment of flourishing levels of individuals by using resting-state fNIRS with different functional connectivity measures. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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50
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Gao S, Xia X, Scheinost D, Mishne G. Smooth graph learning for functional connectivity estimation. Neuroimage 2021; 239:118289. [PMID: 34171497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) estimated from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals is important in understanding neural representation and information processing in cortical networks. However, due to a lack of "ground truth" FC pattern, the reliability and robustness of FC estimates are usually examined in downstream FC analysis tasks, such as performing participant's identification (also known as "fingerprinting"). In this paper, we propose to learn FC via a smooth graph learning framework. In particular, we treat each time frame of the fMRI time series as a graph signal on an underlying functional brain graph, and estimate the smooth graph functional connectivity (SGFC) by learning the weighted graph adjacency matrix based on graph signal smoothness assumption. We demonstrate that our approach gives rise to a natural and sparse graph representation of FC from which reliable graph measures can be extracted. Reliability of SGFC is evaluated in the context of fingerprinting and compared to correlation FC (CFC). SGFC achieves higher fingerprinting accuracy across several different experiment settings; the improvement is even more significant when a shorter fMRI scanning length is used for FC estimation. In addition to being reliable, we also validate the cognitive relevance of SGFC by using it to predict fluid intelligence. Finally, in evaluating topological measures of the sparse graph, SGFC reveals a more small-world and modular structure compared to CFC. Together, our results suggest that the smooth graph learning framework produces a naturally sparse, reliable, and cognitive-relevant representation of functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 06520, United States
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, 92093, United States
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 06520, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 06510, United States; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, 06520, United States; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 06510, United States
| | - Gal Mishne
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, 92093, United States; Halicioğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, 92093, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, 92093, United States.
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