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Liu X, Song H, Chu D, Dai X, Wang F, Silvestro D. Heterogeneous selectivity and morphological evolution of marine clades during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1248-1258. [PMID: 38862784 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Morphological disparity and taxonomic diversity are distinct measures of biodiversity, typically expected to evolve synergistically. However, evidence from mass extinctions indicates that they can be decoupled, and while mass extinctions lead to a drastic loss of diversity, their impact on disparity remains unclear. Here we evaluate the dynamics of morphological disparity and extinction selectivity across the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. We developed an automated approach, termed DeepMorph, for the extraction of morphological features from fossil images using a deep learning model and applied it to a high-resolution temporal dataset encompassing 599 genera across six marine clades. Ammonoids, brachiopods and ostracods experienced a selective loss of complex and ornamented forms, while bivalves, gastropods and conodonts did not experience morphologically selective extinctions. The presence and intensity of morphological selectivity probably reflect the variations in environmental tolerance thresholds among different clades. In clades affected by selective extinctions, the intensity of diversity loss promoted the loss of morphological disparity. Conversely, under non-selective extinctions, the magnitude of diversity loss had a negligible impact on disparity. Our results highlight that the Permian-Triassic mass extinction had heterogeneous morphological selective impacts across clades, offering new insights into how mass extinctions can reshape biodiversity and ecosystem structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Haijun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Daoliang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Luijmes J, van Leeuwen T, Renema W. ForametCeTera, a novel CT scan dataset to expedite classification research of (non-)foraminifera. Sci Data 2024; 11:642. [PMID: 38886446 PMCID: PMC11183234 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03476-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces ForametCeTera, a pioneering dataset designed to address the challenges associated with automating the analysis of benthic foraminifera in sediment cores. Foraminifera are sensitive sentinels of environmental change and are a crucial component of carbonate-denominated ecosystems, such as coral reefs. Studying their prevalence and characteristics is imperative in understanding climate change. However, analysis of foraminifera contained in core samples currently requires washing, sieving and manual quantification. These methods are thus time-consuming and require trained experts. To overcome these limitations, we propose an alternative workflow utilizing 3D X-ray computational tomography (CT) for fully automated analysis, saving time and resources. Despite recent advancements in automation, a crucial lack of methods persists for segmenting and classifying individual foraminifera from 3D scans. In response, we present ForametCeTera, a diverse dataset featuring 436 3D CT scans of individual foraminifera and non-foraminiferan material following a high-throughput scanning workflow. ForametCeTera serves as a foundational resource for generating synthetic digital core samples, facilitating the development of segmentation and classification methods of entire core sample CT scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Luijmes
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marine Biodiversity Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centrum Wiskunde en Informatica, Computational Imaging Group, Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tristan van Leeuwen
- Centrum Wiskunde en Informatica, Computational Imaging Group, Science Park 123, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Mathematical Institute, Budapestlaan 6, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Renema
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Marine Biodiversity Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Siccha M, Morard R, Meilland J, Iwasaki S, Kucera M, Kimoto K. Collection of X-ray micro computed tomography images of shells of planktic foraminifera with curated taxonomy. Sci Data 2023; 10:679. [PMID: 37798341 PMCID: PMC10556072 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcite shells of planktic foraminifera (Protista, Rhizaria) constitute a large portion of deep-sea sediments. The shells are constructed by sequential addition of partly overlapping chambers with diverse shapes, resulting in complex shell architectures, which are genetically fixed and diagnostic at the species level. The characterisation of the complete architecture requires three-dimensional imaging of the shell, including the partially or entirely covered juvenile chambers. Here we provide reconstructed x-ray micro computed tomography image stacks of 179 specimens of extant planktic foraminifera collected from plankton tows, sediment traps and surface sediments. The specimens have fully resolved and curated taxonomy and represent 43 of the currently recognised 48 holoplanktic species and subspecies. The image stacks form a basis for further applications, such as the characterisation of the architectural morphospace of the extant taxa, allowing studies of species functional ecology, calcification intensity and reconstructions of phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Siccha
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, Bremen, 28359, Germany.
| | - Raphaël Morard
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Julie Meilland
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Shinya Iwasaki
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michal Kucera
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 8, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Katsunori Kimoto
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
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4
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Chaabane S, de Garidel-Thoron T, Giraud X, Schiebel R, Beaugrand G, Brummer GJ, Casajus N, Greco M, Grigoratou M, Howa H, Jonkers L, Kucera M, Kuroyanagi A, Meilland J, Monteiro F, Mortyn G, Almogi-Labin A, Asahi H, Avnaim-Katav S, Bassinot F, Davis CV, Field DB, Hernández-Almeida I, Herut B, Hosie G, Howard W, Jentzen A, Johns DG, Keigwin L, Kitchener J, Kohfeld KE, Lessa DVO, Manno C, Marchant M, Ofstad S, Ortiz JD, Post A, Rigual-Hernandez A, Rillo MC, Robinson K, Sagawa T, Sierro F, Takahashi KT, Torfstein A, Venancio I, Yamasaki M, Ziveri P. The FORCIS database: A global census of planktonic Foraminifera from ocean waters. Sci Data 2023; 10:354. [PMID: 37270659 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Planktonic Foraminifera are unique paleo-environmental indicators through their excellent fossil record in ocean sediments. Their distribution and diversity are affected by different environmental factors including anthropogenically forced ocean and climate change. Until now, historical changes in their distribution have not been fully assessed at the global scale. Here we present the FORCIS (Foraminifera Response to Climatic Stress) database on foraminiferal species diversity and distribution in the global ocean from 1910 until 2018 including published and unpublished data. The FORCIS database includes data collected using plankton tows, continuous plankton recorder, sediment traps and plankton pump, and contains ~22,000, ~157,000, ~9,000, ~400 subsamples, respectively (one single plankton aliquot collected within a depth range, time interval, size fraction range, at a single location) from each category. Our database provides a perspective of the distribution patterns of planktonic Foraminifera in the global ocean on large spatial (regional to basin scale, and at the vertical scale), and temporal (seasonal to interdecadal) scales over the past century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chaabane
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France.
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
- Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversité (FRB-CESAB), Montpellier, France.
| | | | - Xavier Giraud
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Ralf Schiebel
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregory Beaugrand
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Wimereux, France
| | - Geert-Jan Brummer
- NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ocean Systems, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Casajus
- Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversité (FRB-CESAB), Montpellier, France
| | - Mattia Greco
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | | | - Hélène Howa
- LPG-BIAF, UMR-CNRS 6112, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Lukas Jonkers
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michal Kucera
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Julie Meilland
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fanny Monteiro
- BRIDGE, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Graham Mortyn
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, ICTA and Dept. of Geography, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hirofumi Asahi
- Fukui Prefectural Satoyama-Satoumi Research Institute, 22-12-1, Torihama, Wakasa, Mikatakaminaka, Fukui, 919-1331, Japan
| | | | - Franck Bassinot
- Laboratoire des Sciences Du Climat et de L'Environnement, Domaine Du CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Catherine V Davis
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - David B Field
- Department of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | | | - Barak Herut
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, Haifa, 31080, Israel
| | - Graham Hosie
- SCAR life Sciences. Formerly of the Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, 203 Channel Highwa, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Will Howard
- Climate Change Institute, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Anna Jentzen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - David G Johns
- The Marine Biological Association,The Laboratory, Citadel Hill Plymouth, Devon, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Lloyd Keigwin
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - John Kitchener
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water, Kingston, 7050, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Karen E Kohfeld
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- School of Environmental Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Douglas V O Lessa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica Ambiental, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, 24.020-141, Rio de Janiero, Brazil
| | - Clara Manno
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB30ET, UK
| | | | - Siri Ofstad
- Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Joseph D Ortiz
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Alexandra Post
- Geoscience Australia, GPO Box 378, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Marina C Rillo
- ICBM, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | | | - Takuya Sagawa
- Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 9201192, Japan
| | - Francisco Sierro
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Adi Torfstein
- The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
- Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, Eilat, 88103, Israel
| | - Igor Venancio
- Programa de Geociências (Geoquímica), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Earth Resource Science, Graduate school of International Resource Sciences, Akita University, 1-1 Tegata-Gakuencho, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Patrizia Ziveri
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, ICTA and Dept. of Geography, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Ziveri P, Gray WR, Anglada-Ortiz G, Manno C, Grelaud M, Incarbona A, Rae JWB, Subhas AV, Pallacks S, White A, Adkins JF, Berelson W. Pelagic calcium carbonate production and shallow dissolution in the North Pacific Ocean. Nat Commun 2023; 14:805. [PMID: 36808154 PMCID: PMC9941586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Planktonic calcifying organisms play a key role in regulating ocean carbonate chemistry and atmospheric CO2. Surprisingly, references to the absolute and relative contribution of these organisms to calcium carbonate production are lacking. Here we report quantification of pelagic calcium carbonate production in the North Pacific, providing new insights on the contribution of the three main planktonic calcifying groups. Our results show that coccolithophores dominate the living calcium carbonate (CaCO3) standing stock, with coccolithophore calcite comprising ~90% of total CaCO3 production, and pteropods and foraminifera playing a secondary role. We show that pelagic CaCO3 production is higher than the sinking flux of CaCO3 at 150 and 200 m at ocean stations ALOHA and PAPA, implying that a large portion of pelagic calcium carbonate is remineralised within the photic zone; this extensive shallow dissolution explains the apparent discrepancy between previous estimates of CaCO3 production derived from satellite observations/biogeochemical modeling versus estimates from shallow sediment traps. We suggest future changes in the CaCO3 cycle and its impact on atmospheric CO2 will largely depend on how the poorly-understood processes that determine whether CaCO3 is remineralised in the photic zone or exported to depth respond to anthropogenic warming and acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ziveri
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, BABVE Department, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - William Robert Gray
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. .,University of St Andrews, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
| | - Griselda Anglada-Ortiz
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10919.300000000122595234Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate (CAGE), Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Clara Manno
- grid.8682.40000000094781573British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environmental Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Grelaud
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Incarbona
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Palermo, Italy
| | - James William Buchanan Rae
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626University of St Andrews, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Adam V. Subhas
- grid.56466.370000 0004 0504 7510Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Sven Pallacks
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelicque White
- grid.410445.00000 0001 2188 0957School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
| | - Jess F. Adkins
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Department of Geology and Planetary Sciences, Linde Center for Global Environmental Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - William Berelson
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853University of Southern California, Department of Earth Sciences, Los Angeles, CA USA
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6
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Bednaršek N, Carter BR, McCabe RM, Feely RA, Howard E, Chavez FP, Elliott M, Fisher JL, Jahncke J, Siegrist Z. Pelagic calcifiers face increased mortality and habitat loss with warming and ocean acidification. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2674. [PMID: 35584131 PMCID: PMC9786838 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global change is impacting the oceans in an unprecedented way, and multiple lines of evidence suggest that species distributions are changing in space and time. There is increasing evidence that multiple environmental stressors act together to constrain species habitat more than expected from warming alone. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study of how temperature and aragonite saturation state act together to limit Limacina helicina, globally distributed pteropods that are ecologically important pelagic calcifiers and an indicator species for ocean change. We co-validated three different approaches to evaluate the impact of ocean warming and acidification (OWA) on the survival and distribution of this species in the California Current Ecosystem. First, we used colocated physical, chemical, and biological data from three large-scale west coast cruises and regional time series; second, we conducted multifactorial experimental incubations to evaluate how OWA impacts pteropod survival; and third, we validated the relationships we found against global distributions of pteropods and carbonate chemistry. OWA experimental work revealed mortality increases under OWA, while regional habitat suitability indices and global distributions of L. helicina suggest that a multi-stressor framework is essential for understanding pteropod distributions. In California Current Ecosystem habitats, where pteropods are living close to their thermal maximum already, additional warming and acidification through unabated fossil fuel emissions (RCP 8.5) are expected to dramatically reduce habitat suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bednaršek
- Marine Biological StationNational Institute for BiologyLjubljanaSlovenia
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources StudiesOregon State UniversityNewportOregonUSA
| | - Brendan R. Carter
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem StudiesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratorySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ryan M. McCabe
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem StudiesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental LaboratorySeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Richard A. Feely
- Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem StudiesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Evan Howard
- Department of GeosciencesPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | - Jennifer L. Fisher
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources StudiesOregon State UniversityNewportOregonUSA
| | - Jaime Jahncke
- Point Blue Conservation SciencePetalumaCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Isotopic filtering reveals high sensitivity of planktic calcifiers to Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum warming and acidification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115561119. [PMID: 35193977 PMCID: PMC8892336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115561119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification driven by anthropogenic carbon emissions pose an existential threat to marine calcifying communities. A similar perturbation to global carbon cycling and ocean chemistry occurred ∼56 Ma during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), but microfossil records of the marine biotic response are distorted by sediment mixing. Here, we use the carbon isotope excursion marking the PETM to distinguish planktic foraminifer shells calcified during the PETM from those calcified prior to the event and then isotopically filter anachronous specimens from the PETM microfossil assemblages. We find that nearly one-half of foraminifer shells in a deep-sea PETM record from the central Pacific (Ocean Drilling Program Site 865) are reworked contaminants. Contrary to previous interpretations, corrected assemblages reveal a transient but significant decrease in tropical planktic foraminifer diversity at this open-ocean site during the PETM. The decrease in local diversity was caused by extirpation of shallow- and deep-dwelling taxa as they underwent extratropical migrations in response to heat stress, with one prominent lineage showing signs of impaired calcification possibly due to ocean acidification. An absence of subbotinids in the corrected assemblages suggests that ocean deoxygenation may have rendered thermocline depths uninhabitable for some deeper-dwelling taxa. Latitudinal range shifts provided a rapid-response survival mechanism for tropical planktic foraminifers during the PETM, but the rapidity of ocean warming and acidification projected for the coming centuries will likely strain the adaptability of these resilient calcifiers.
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8
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Grigoratou M, Monteiro FM, Wilson JD, Ridgwell A, Schmidt DN. Exploring the impact of climate change on the global distribution of non-spinose planktonic foraminifera using a trait-based ecosystem model. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1063-1076. [PMID: 34706138 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Planktonic foraminifera are one of the primary calcifiers in the modern ocean, contributing 23%-56% of total global pelagic carbonate production. However, a mechanistic understanding of how physiology and environmental conditions control their abundance and distribution is lacking, hindering the projection of the impact of future climate change. This understanding is important, not only for ecosystem dynamics, but also for marine carbon cycling because of foraminifera's key role in carbonate production. Here we present and apply a global trait-based ecosystem model of non-spinose planktonic foraminifera ('ForamEcoGEnIE') to assess their ecology and global distribution under future climate change. ForamEcoGEnIE considers the traits of calcium carbonate production, shell size, and foraging. It captures the main characteristic of biogeographical patterns of non-spinose species - with maximum biomass concentrations found in mid- to high-latitude waters and upwelling areas. The model also reproduces the magnitude of global carbonate production relatively well, although the foraminifera standing stock is systematically overestimated. In response to future scenarios of rising atmospheric CO2 (RCP6 and RCP8.5), on a regional scale, the modelled foraminifera biomass and export flux increases in the subpolar regions of the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean while it decreases everywhere else. In the absence of adaptation, the biomass decline in the low-latitude South Pacific suggests extirpation. The model projects a global average loss in non-spinose foraminifera biomass between 8% (RCP6) and 11% (RCP8.5) by 2050 and between 14% and 18% by 2100 as a response to ocean warming and associated changes in primary production and ecological dynamics. Global calcium carbonate flux associated with non-spinose foraminifera declines by 13%-18% by 2100. That decline can slow down the ocean carbonate pump and create short-term positive feedback on rising atmospheric pCO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grigoratou
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fanny M Monteiro
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jamie D Wilson
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andy Ridgwell
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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9
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Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversity. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:145-154. [PMID: 34969991 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sampling biases in the fossil record distort estimates of past biodiversity. However, these biases not only reflect the geological and spatial aspects of the fossil record, but also the historical and current collation of fossil data. We demonstrate how the legacy of colonialism and socioeconomic factors, such as wealth, education and political stability, impact the global distribution of fossil data over the past 30 years. We find that a global power imbalance persists in palaeontology, with researchers in high- or upper-middle-income countries holding a monopoly over palaeontological knowledge production by contributing to 97% of fossil data. As a result, some countries or regions tend to be better sampled than others, ultimately leading to heterogeneous spatial sampling across the globe. This illustrates how efforts to mitigate sampling biases to obtain a truly representative view of past biodiversity are not disconnected from the aim of diversifying and decolonizing our discipline.
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10
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Dong S, Lei Y, Bi H, Xu K, Li T, Jian Z. Biological Response of Planktic Foraminifera to Decline in Seawater pH. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010098. [PMID: 35053097 PMCID: PMC8773009 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the way in which a decline in ocean pH can affect calcareous organisms could enhance our ability to predict the impacts of the potential decline in seawater pH on marine ecosystems, and could help to reconstruct the paleoceanographic events over a geological time scale. Planktic foraminifera are among the most important biological proxies for these studies; however, the existing research on planktic foraminifera is almost exclusively based on their geochemical indices, without the inclusion of information on their biological development. Through a series of on-board experiments in the western tropical Pacific (134°33′54″ E, 12°32′47″ N), the present study showed that the symbiont-bearing calcifier Trilobatus sacculifer—a planktic foraminifer—responded rapidly to a decline in seawater pH, including losing symbionts, bleaching, etc. Several indices were established to quantify the relationships between these biological parameters and seawater pH, which could be used to reconstruct the paleoceanographic seawater pH. We further postulated that the loss of symbionts in planktic foraminifera acts as an adaptive response to the stress of low pH. Our results indicate that an ongoing decline in seawater pH may hinder the growth and calcification of planktic foraminifera by altering their biological processes. A reduction in carbonate deposition and predation could have profound effects on the carbon cycle and energy flow in the marine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Dong
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.D.); (K.X.)
| | - Yanli Lei
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.D.); (K.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Z.J.)
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomon, MD 20688, USA;
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (S.D.); (K.X.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhimin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Z.J.)
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11
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Adaptive ecological niche migration does not negate extinction susceptibility. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15411. [PMID: 34326356 PMCID: PMC8322071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extinction rates in the modern world are currently at their highest in 66 million years and are likely to increase with projections of future climate change. Our knowledge of modern-day extinction risk is largely limited to decadal-centennial terrestrial records, while data from the marine realm is typically applied to high-order (> 1 million year) timescales. At present, it is unclear whether fossil organisms with common ancestry and ecological niche exhibit consistent indicators of ecological stress prior to extinction. The marine microfossil record, specifically that of the planktonic foraminifera, allows for high-resolution analyses of large numbers of fossil individuals with incredibly well-established ecological and phylogenetic history. Here, analysis of the isochronous extinction of two members of the planktonic foraminiferal genus Dentoglobigerina shows disruptive selection differentially compounded by permanent ecological niche migration, “pre-extinction gigantism”, and photosymbiont bleaching prior to extinction. Despite shared ecological and phylogenetic affinity, and timing of extinction, the marked discrepancies observed within the pre-extinction phenotypic responses are species-specific. These behaviours may provide insights into the nature of evolution and extinction in the open ocean and can potentially assist in the recognition and understanding of marine extinction risk in response to global climate change.
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12
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Ofstad S, Zamelczyk K, Kimoto K, Chierici M, Fransson A, Rasmussen TL. Shell density of planktonic foraminifera and pteropod species Limacina helicina in the Barents Sea: Relation to ontogeny and water chemistry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249178. [PMID: 33909623 PMCID: PMC8081242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktonic calcifiers, the foraminiferal species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Turborotalita quinqueloba, and the thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina from plankton tows and surface sediments from the northern Barents Sea were studied to assess how shell density varies with depth habitat and ontogenetic processes. The shells were measured using X-ray microcomputed tomography (XMCT) scanning and compared to the physical and chemical properties of the water column including the carbonate chemistry and calcium carbonate saturation of calcite and aragonite. Both living L. helicina and N. pachyderma increased in shell density from the surface to 300 m water depth. Turborotalita quinqueloba increased in shell density to 150-200 m water depth. Deeper than 150 m, T. quinqueloba experienced a loss of density due to internal dissolution, possibly related to gametogenesis. The shell density of recently settled (dead) specimens of planktonic foraminifera from surface sediment samples was compared to the living fauna and showed a large range of dissolution states. This dissolution was not apparent from shell-surface texture, especially for N. pachyderma, which tended to be both thicker and denser than T. quinqueloba. Dissolution lowered the shell density while the thickness of the shell remained intact. Limacina helicina also increase in shell size with water depth and thicken the shell apex with growth. This study demonstrates that the living fauna in this specific area from the Barents Sea did not suffer from dissolution effects. Dissolution occurred after death and after settling on the sea floor. The study also shows that biomonitoring is important for the understanding of the natural variability in shell density of calcifying zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Ofstad
- CAGE–Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katarzyna Zamelczyk
- CAGE–Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katsunori Kimoto
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tine Lander Rasmussen
- CAGE–Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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13
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The daily resolved temperature dependence and structure of planktonic foraminifera blooms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17456. [PMID: 33060710 PMCID: PMC7562931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Planktonic foraminifera (PF) life cycles are highly sensitive to marine conditions, which are evolving rapidly due to anthropogenic climate change. Even though PF shells in the sedimentary record serve as prominent proxies of past ocean conditions, very little is still known about their life cycles, particularly in oligotrophic environments. Here, we present a full annual record of PF fluxes (> 63 µm) from the oligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, sampled at daily timescales during 2015–2016 using an automated time-series sediment trap. These results are coupled with daily surface chlorophyll-a concentrations, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), particulate organic carbon and bulk fluxes, together with monthly resolved vertical profiles of chlorophyll-a, temperatures and nutrient concentrations. The annual cycle of PF fluxes is controlled by SST changes that drive water column mixing and changes in food availability. PF species flux patterns and succession dynamics vary throughout the year, displaying large variability on previously undocumented daily-weekly timescales, and are not synchronized with lunar periodicity. On daily timescales, spring blooms show a complex structure and interplay between SSTs, chlorophyll-a surface concentrations and PF fluxes. These events deliver about a third of the total annual PF flux over a period of several weeks.
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14
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Zarkogiannis SD, Fernandez V, Greaves M, Mortyn PG, Kontakiotis G, Antonarakou A. X-ray tomographic data of planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides from the Eastern Tropical Atlantic across Termination II. GIGABYTE 2020; 2020:gigabyte5. [PMID: 36824589 PMCID: PMC9632000 DOI: 10.46471/gigabyte.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased planktonic foraminifera shell weights were recorded during the course of Termination II at a tropical site off the shore of the Mauritanian coast. In order to investigate these increased shell mass values, a series of physicochemical analyses were performed, including X-ray computed tomography (CT). The data are given here. Furthermore, the relevant CT setup, scanning, reconstruction, and visualization methods are explained and the acquired datasets are given, together with 3D volumes and models of the scanned specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios D. Zarkogiannis
- Faculty of Geology & Geoenvironment, Department of Historical Geology-Paleontology, School of Earth Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | - Mervyn Greaves
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P. Graham Mortyn
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain,Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Kontakiotis
- Faculty of Geology & Geoenvironment, Department of Historical Geology-Paleontology, School of Earth Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Assimina Antonarakou
- Faculty of Geology & Geoenvironment, Department of Historical Geology-Paleontology, School of Earth Sciences, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
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15
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Evidence of Stable Foraminifera Biomineralization during the Last Two Climate Cycles in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Planktonic foraminiferal biomineralization intensity, reflected by the weight of their shell calcite mass, affects global carbonate deposition and is known to follow climatic cycles by being increased during glacial stages and decreased during interglacial stages. Here, we measure the dissolution state and the mass of the shells of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides from a Tropical Eastern North Atlantic site over the last two glacial–interglacial climatic transitions, and we report no major changes in plankton calcite production with the atmospheric pCO2 variations. We attribute this consistency in foraminifera calcification to the climatic and hydrological stability of the tropical regions. However, we recorded increased shell masses midway through the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II). In order to elucidate the cause of the increased shell weights, we performed δ18O, Mg/Ca, and μCT measurements on the same shells from a number of samples surrounding this event. Compared with the lighter ones, we find that the foraminifera of increased weight are internally contaminated by sediment infilling and that their shell masses respond to local surface seawater density changes.
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