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Radfar S, Mahmoudi S, Moftakhari H, Meckley T, Bilskie MV, Collini R, Alizad K, Cherry JA, Moradkhani H. Nature-based solutions as buffers against coastal compound flooding: Exploring potential framework for process-based modeling of hazard mitigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173529. [PMID: 38821267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
As coastal regions face escalating risks from flooding in a changing climate, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have garnered attention as promising adaptation measures to mitigate the destructive impacts of coastal flooding. However, the challenge of compound flooding, which involves the combined effects of multiple flood drivers, demands a deeper understanding of the efficacy of NbS against this complex phenomenon. This manuscript reviews the literature on process-based modeling of NbS for mitigating compound coastal flooding and identifies knowledge gaps to enhance future research efforts. We used an automated search strategy within the SCOPUS database, followed by a screening process that ultimately resulted in 141 publications assessing the functionality of NbS against coastal flooding. Our review identified a dearth of research (9 %) investigating the performance of NbS against compound flooding scenarios. We examined the challenges and complexities involved in modeling such scenarios, including hydrologic, hydrodynamic, and ecological feedback processes by exploring the studies that used a process-based modeling framework. Key research gaps were identified, such as navigating the complex environment, managing computational costs, and addressing the shortages of experts and data. We outlined potential modeling pathways to improve NbS characterization in the compound flooding framework. Additionally, uncertainties associated with numerical modeling and steps to bridge the research-to-operation gaps were briefly discussed, highlighting the bottlenecks in operational implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Radfar
- Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.
| | - Sadaf Mahmoudi
- Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Hamed Moftakhari
- Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Trevor Meckley
- NOAA Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, MD, United States
| | - Matthew V Bilskie
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Renee Collini
- Community Resilience Center at The Water Institute, LA, United States
| | - Karim Alizad
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia A Cherry
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Hamid Moradkhani
- Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
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Bushra R, Ahmed I, Li JL, Lian Z, Li S, Ali A, Uzair B, Amin A, Ehsan M, Liu YH, Li WJ. Untapped rich microbiota of mangroves of Pakistan: diversity and community compositions. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:595-612. [PMID: 37843797 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem is the world's fourth most productive ecosystem in terms of service value and offering rich biological resources. Microorganisms play vital roles in these ecological processes, thus researching the mangroves-microbiota is crucial for a deeper comprehension of mangroves dynamics. Amplicon sequencing that targeted V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was employed to profile the microbial diversities and community compositions of 19 soil samples, which were collected from the rhizosphere of 3 plant species (i.e., Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora mucronata) in the mangrove forests of Lasbela coast, Pakistan. A total of 67 bacterial phyla were observed from three mangroves species, and these taxa were classified into 188 classes, 453 orders, 759 families, and 1327 genera. We found that Proteobacteria (34.9-38.4%) and Desulfobacteria (7.6-10.0%) were the dominant phyla followed by Chloroflexi (6.6-7.3%), Gemmatimonadota (5.4-6.8%), Bacteroidota (4.3-5.5%), Planctomycetota (4.4-4.9%) and Acidobacteriota (2.7-3.4%), Actinobacteriota (2.5-3.3%), and Crenarchaeota (2.5-3.3%). After considering the distribution of taxonomic groups, we prescribe that the distinctions in bacterial community composition and diversity are ascribed to the changes in physicochemical attributes of the soil samples (i.e., electrical conductivity (ECe), pH, total organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (P), and extractable potassium (CaCO3). The findings of this study indicated a high-level species diversity in Pakistani mangroves. The outcomes may also aid in the development of effective conservation policies for mangrove ecosystems, which have been hotspots for anthropogenic impacts in Pakistan. To our knowledge, this is the first microbial research from a Pakistani mangrove forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Bushra
- National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad 45500, Pakistan.
| | - Jia-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghan Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arshia Amin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | | | - Yong-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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Heck N, Goldberg L, Andradi-Brown DA, Campbell A, Narayan S, Ahmadia GN, Lagomasino D. Global drivers of mangrove loss in protected areas. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14293. [PMID: 38766900 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite increasing efforts and investment in mangrove conservation, mangrove cover continues to decline globally. The extent to which protected area (PA) management effectively prevents mangrove loss globally across differing management objectives and governance types is not well understood. We combined remote sensing data with PA information to identify the extent and the drivers of mangrove loss across PAs with distinct governance types and protection levels based on categories developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Mangrove loss due to storms and erosion was prevalent across all governance types and most IUCN categories. However, the extent of human-driven loss differed across governance types and IUCN categories. Loss was highest in national government PAs. Private, local, shared arrangement, and subnational government agencies had low human-driven mangrove loss. Human-driven loss was highest in PAs with the highest level of restrictions on human activities (IUCN category I) due to mangrove conversion to areas for commodity production (e.g., aquaculture), whereas PAs that allowed sustainable resource use (e.g., category VI) experienced low levels of human-driven mangrove loss. Because category I PAs with high human-driven loss were primarily governed by national government agencies, conservation outcomes in highly PAs might depend not only on the level of restrictions, but also on the governance type. Mangrove loss across different governance types and IUCN categories varied regionally. Specific governance types and IUCN categories thus seemed more effective in preventing mangrove loss in certain regions. Overall, we found that natural drivers contributed to global mangrove loss across all PAs, whereas human-driven mangrove loss was lowest in PAs with subnational- to local-level governance and PAs with few restrictions on human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Heck
- Department of Coastal Studies, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liza Goldberg
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Anthony Campbell
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research II, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Siddharth Narayan
- Department of Coastal Studies, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabby N Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Lagomasino
- Department of Coastal Studies, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Giraldes BW, Boughattas S, Benslimane FM, Althani AA, Schubart CD, Huber CSR, Utz LRP, Al-Khayat JAA, Sadooni FN, Amado EM. The tale of an endemic shrimp's exceptional osmoregulation and the ancient Athalassic mangrove oasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6677. [PMID: 38509217 PMCID: PMC10954768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The hyperarid mangrove in the Middle East is characterised by the absence of rivers or freshwater inputs and is one of the most extreme settings of this ecosystem on Earth. Endemic to Qatar's hyperarid mangroves, a Palaemon shrimp is uniquely confined to a sole mangrove site in the Arabian Gulf. Within these mangrove channels, we unveiled brine groundwater sources exceeding 70 ppt salinity, contrasting the local marine standard of 42 ppt. Concurrently, a mysid species typically linked to salt pans and groundwater coexists. Stable isotopic analysis implied the existence of a predator-prey dynamic between this mysid species and the studied shrimp. Then, investigating the endemic shrimp's adaptation to extreme salinity, we conducted osmolarity experiments and phylogenetic studies. Our findings demonstrate that this shrimp transitions from hypo- to hyper-osmoregulation, tolerating salinities from 18 to 68 ppt-an unprecedented osmoregulatory capacity among caridean shrimps. This speciation pattern likely arises from the species osmolarity adaptation, as suggested for other Palaemon congeners. Phylogenetic analysis of the studied Palaemon, along with the mangrove's geological history, suggests a profound evolutionary interplay between the ecosystem and the shrimp since the Eocene. This study proposes the hyperarid mangrove enclave as an Athalassic mangrove oasis-a distinctive, isolated ecosystem within the desert landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno W Giraldes
- Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | | | - Asmaa A Althani
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Carla S R Huber
- Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Laura R P Utz
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Fadhil N Sadooni
- Environmental Science Center (ESC), Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Enelise M Amado
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas (CCBSA), Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus V João Pessoa (UEPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
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Ronglan E, Rubio AP, da Silva AO, Fan D, Gair JL, Stathatou PM, Bastidas C, Strand E, Ferrandis JDA, Gershenfeld N, Triantafyllou MS. Architected materials for artificial reefs to increase storm energy dissipation. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae101. [PMID: 38533109 PMCID: PMC10964131 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Increasing extreme weather events require a corresponding increase in coastal protection. We show that architected materials, which have macroscopic properties that differ from those of their constituent components, can increase wave energy dissipation by more than an order of magnitude over both natural and existing artificial reefs, while providing a biocompatible environment. We present a search that optimized their design through proper hydrodynamic modeling and experimental testing, validated their performance, and characterized sustainable materials for their construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvard Ronglan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alfonso Parra Rubio
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Dixia Fan
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | | | - Patritsia Maria Stathatou
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Renewable Bioproducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Carolina Bastidas
- Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Erik Strand
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jose del Aguila Ferrandis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil Gershenfeld
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Triantafyllou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Sea Grant College Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Gamalo LE, Ilham K, Jones-Engel L, Gill M, Sweet R, Aldrich B, Phiapalath P, Van Bang T, Ahmed T, Kite S, Paramasivam S, Seiha H, Zainol MZ, Nielsen DRK, Ruppert N, Fuentes A, Hansen MF. Removal from the wild endangers the once widespread long-tailed macaque. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23547. [PMID: 37667504 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2022, long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), a once ubiquitous primate species, was elevated to Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. In 2023, recognizing that the long-tailed macaque is threatened by multiple factors: (1) declining native habitats across Southeast Asia; (2) overutilization for scientific, commercial, and recreational purposes; (3) inadequate regulatory mechanisms; and (4) culling due to human-macaque conflicts, a petition for rulemaking was submitted to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to add the species to the US Endangered Species Act, the nation's most effective law to protect at risk species. The long-tailed macaque remains unprotected across much of its geographical range despite the documented continual decline of the species and related sub-species and the recent IUCN reassessment. This commentary presents a review of the factors that have contributed to the dramatic decline of this keystone species and makes a case for raising the level of protection they receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lief Erikson Gamalo
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Kurnia Ilham
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- Museum Zoology, Department of Biology, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Lisa Jones-Engel
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Mike Gill
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Technological Primates Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sweet
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Animal Management Department, East Durham College, Peterlee, UK
| | - Brooke Aldrich
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- Asia for Animals Coalition, Torpoint, UK
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, Torpoint, UK
| | - Phaivanh Phiapalath
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for South and South East Asia, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Tran Van Bang
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- Nature Conservation Management, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sarah Kite
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Action for Primates, London, UK
| | - Sharmini Paramasivam
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Hun Seiha
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Conservation International, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Muhammad Z Zainol
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Malaysia
| | | | - Nadine Ruppert
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for South and South East Asia, Gland, Switzerland
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Malaysian Primatological Society, Kulim, Malaysia
| | - Agustin Fuentes
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malene F Hansen
- The Long-Tailed Macaque Project, Broerup, Denmark
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for Human-Primate Interactions, Gland, Switzerland
- IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Section for South and South East Asia, Gland, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Behavioural Ecology Group, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Verutes GM, Yang PF, Eastman SF, Doughty CL, Adgie TE, Dietz K, Dix NG, North A, Guannel G, Chapman SK. Using vulnerability assessment to characterize coastal protection benefits provided by estuarine habitats of a dynamic intracoastal waterway. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16738. [PMID: 38390391 PMCID: PMC10883153 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of coastal ecosystems depends on their ability to gain sediment and keep pace with sea level rise. Similar to other coastal areas, Northeast Florida (United States) is experiencing rapid population growth, climate change, and shifting wetland communities. Rising seas and more severe storms, coupled with the intensification of human activities, can modify the biophysical environment, thereby increasing coastal exposure to storm-induced erosion and inundation. Using the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve as a case study, we analyzed the distribution of coastal protection services-expressly, wave attenuation and sediment control-provided by estuarine habitats inside a dynamic Intracoastal waterway. We explored six coastal variables that contribute to coastal flooding and erosion-(a) relief, (b) geomorphology, (c) estuarine habitats, (d) wind exposure, (e) boat wake energy, and (f) storm surge potential-to assess physical exposure to coastal hazards. The highest levels of coastal exposure were found in the north and south sections of the Reserve (9% and 14%, respectively) compared to only 4% in the central, with exposure in the south driven by low wetland elevation, high surge potential, and shorelines composed of less stable sandy and muddy substrate. The most vulnerable areas of the central Reserve and main channel of the Intracoastal waterway were exposed to boat wakes from larger vessels frequently traveling at medium speeds (10-20 knots) and had shoreline segments oriented towards the prevailing winds (north-northeast). To guide management for the recently expanded Reserve into vulnerable areas near the City of Saint Augustine, we evaluated six sites of concern where the current distribution of estuarine habitats (mangroves, salt marshes, and oyster beds) likely play the greatest role in natural protection. Spatially explicit outputs also identified potential elevation maintenance strategies such as living shorelines, landform modification, and mangrove establishment for providing coastal risk-reduction and other ecosystem-service co-benefits. Salt marshes and mangroves in two sites of the central section (N-312 and S-312) were found to protect more than a one-quarter of their cross-shore length (27% and 73%, respectively) from transitioning to the highest exposure category. Proposed interventions for mangrove establishment and living shorelines could help maintain elevation in these sites of concern. This work sets the stage for additional research, education, and outreach about where mangroves, salt marshes, and oyster beds are most likely to reduce risk to wetland communities in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip F. Yang
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship and Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Scott F. Eastman
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Doughty
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Therese E. Adgie
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship and Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Dietz
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Nicole G. Dix
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Allix North
- Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL, United States
| | - Gregory Guannel
- Caribbean Green Technology Center, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, United States
| | - Samantha K. Chapman
- Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship and Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States
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Sievers M, Brown CJ, McGowan J, Turschwell MP, Buelow CA, Holgate B, Pearson RM, Adame MF, Andradi-Brown DA, Arnell A, Mackey BG, Ermgassen PSEZ, Gosling J, McOwen CJ, Worthington TA, Connolly RM. Co-occurrence of biodiversity, carbon storage, coastal protection, and fish and invertebrate production to inform global mangrove conservation planning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166357. [PMID: 37595913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests support unique biodiversity and provide a suite of ecosystem services (ES) that benefit people. Decades of continual mangrove loss and degradation have necessitated global efforts to protect and restore this important ecosystem. Generating and evaluating asset maps of biodiversity and ES is an important precursor to identifying locations that can deliver conservation outcomes across varying scales, such as maximising the co-occurrence of specific ES. We bring together global datasets on mangrove-affiliated biodiversity, carbon stocks, fish and invertebrate production, and coastal protection to provide insight into potential trade-offs, synergies and opportunities from mangrove conservation. We map opportunities where high ES provision co-occurs with these areas that could be leveraged in conservation planning, and identify potential high-value opportunities for single ES that might otherwise be missed with a biodiversity focus. Hotspots of single ES, co-occurrence of multiple ES, and opportunities to simultaneously leverage biodiversity and ES occurred throughout the world. For example, efforts that focus on conserving or restoring mangroves to store carbon can be targed to deliver multiple ES benefits. Some nations, such as Vietnam, Oman, Ecuador and China, showed consistent (although not necessarily strong) correlations between ES pairs. A lack of clear or consistent spatial trends elsewhere suggests that some nations will likely benefit more from complementarity-based approaches that focus on multiple sites with high provision of different services. Individual sites within these nations, however, such as Laguna de Terminos in Mexico still provide valuable opportunities to leverage co-benefits. Ensuring that an ES focused approach is complemented by strategic spatial planning is a priority, and our analyses provide a precursor towards decisions about where and how to invest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Jennifer McGowan
- The Nature Conservancy, 4245 Fairfax Dr #100, Arlington, VA 22203, United States of America; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christina A Buelow
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Briana Holgate
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Maria F Adame
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | | | - Andy Arnell
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan G Mackey
- Griffith Climate Action Beacon, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philine S E Zu Ermgassen
- Changing Oceans Group, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, James Hutton Rd, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Gosling
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J McOwen
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Worthington
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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9
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Samanta S, Hazra S, French JR, Nicholls RJ, Mondal PP. Exploratory modelling of the impacts of sea-level rise on the Sundarbans mangrove forest, West Bengal, India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166624. [PMID: 37643706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we conduct exploratory simulations of the possible evolution of the Indian Sundarbans mangroves to 2100 under a range of future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios, considering the effects of both inundation and shoreline erosion. The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) is used to simulate habitat transitions due to inundation and these outputs are combined with an empirical model of SLR-driven shoreline erosion. A set of plausible climate-induced SLR scenarios are considered, together with delta subsidence and constrained vertical sediment accretion. Significant mangrove decline is found in all cases: the greater the rise in sea level the greater the losses. By the end of the century, the Indian Sundarbans mangroves could lose between 42 % and 80 % of their current area if current management is continued. Managed realignment could offset these losses but at the expense of productive land and the migration of the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Samanta
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sugata Hazra
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Jon R French
- Coastal and Estuarine Research Unit, UCL Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Robert J Nicholls
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Partho P Mondal
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, 188 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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10
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Amaral C, Poulter B, Lagomasino D, Fatoyinbo T, Taillie P, Lizcano G, Canty S, Silveira JAH, Teutli-Hernández C, Cifuentes-Jara M, Charles SP, Moreno CS, González-Trujillo JD, Roman-Cuesta RM. Drivers of mangrove vulnerability and resilience to tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic Basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165413. [PMID: 37429480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The North Atlantic Basin (NAB) has seen an increase in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones since the 1980s, with record-breaking seasons in 2017 and 2020. However, little is known about how coastal ecosystems, particularly mangroves in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, respond to these new "climate normals" at regional and subregional scales. Wind speed, rainfall, pre-cyclone forest height, and hydro-geomorphology are known to influence mangrove damage and recovery following cyclones in the NAB. However, previous studies have focused on local-scale responses and individual cyclonic events. Here, we analyze 25 years (1996-2020) of mangrove vulnerability (damage after a cyclone) and 24 years (1996-2019) of short-term resilience (recovery after damage) for the NAB and subregions, using multi-annual, remote sensing-derived databases. We used machine learning to characterize the influence of 22 potential variables on mangrove responses, including human development and long-term climate trends. Our results document variability in the rates and drivers of mangrove vulnerability and resilience, highlighting hotspots of cyclone impacts, mangrove damage, and loss of resilience. Cyclone characteristics mainly drove vulnerability at the regional level. In contrast, resilience was driven by site-specific conditions, including long-term climate trends, pre-cyclone forest structure, soil organic carbon stock, and coastal development (i.e., proximity to human infrastructure). Coastal development is associated with both vulnerability and resilience at the subregional level. Further, we highlight that loss of resilience occurs mostly in areas experiencing long-term drought across the NAB. The impacts of increasing cyclone activity on mangroves and their coastal protection service must be framed in the context of compound climate change effects and continued coastal development. Our work offers descriptive and spatial information to support the restoration and adaptive management of NAB mangroves, which need adequate health, structure, and density to protect coasts and serve as Nature-based Solutions against climate change and extreme weather events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Amaral
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Department of Forest Engineering, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States.
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
| | - David Lagomasino
- East Carolina University, Department of Coastal Studies, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, United States
| | - Temilola Fatoyinbo
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States
| | - Paul Taillie
- University of Florida, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Gil Lizcano
- Climate Scale, Parc Barcelona Activa, 08402 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven Canty
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, United States; Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, United States
| | | | | | - Miguel Cifuentes-Jara
- Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 30501 Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Sean Patrick Charles
- East Carolina University, Department of Coastal Studies, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, United States
| | - Claudia Shantal Moreno
- Chair of Land Management, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstraße 21, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Juan David González-Trujillo
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, JoseGutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, MED Institute, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Forest Management, 85354 Fresing, Germany
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11
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Feng C, Ye G, Zeng J, Zeng J, Jiang Q, He L, Zhang Y, Xu Z. Sustainably developing global blue carbon for climate change mitigation and economic benefits through international cooperation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6144. [PMID: 37783692 PMCID: PMC10545692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue carbon is the carbon storage in vegetated coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass. It is gaining global attention as its role in climate change mitigation and local welfare growth. However, a global assessment on the long-term spatiotemporal sustainable development status of blue carbon has not been conducted, and the relations among blue carbon ecosystems, driving forces for climate change mitigation, and socioeconomic interventions for development capacity on a global scale are still unclear. Here, we constructed a blue carbon development index (BCDI), comprising three subsystems: driving force, resource endowment, and development capacity, to assess the sustainable development level of 136 coastal countries' blue carbon over 24 consecutive years and explore the relationship among subsystems. We further propose a cooperation model to explore the feasibility of global blue carbon cooperation and quantify benefit allocation to specific countries. The results showed an upward trend in BCDI scores with variations in regional performance over the past two decades, and we found a positive correlation between development capacity and blue carbon resource endowment. Based on the scenario simulations of global cooperation, we found that coastal countries could improve the global average BCDI score, add 2.96 Mt of annual carbon sequestration, and generate $136.34 million in 2030 under Global Deep Cooperation scenario compared with the Business-As-Usual scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Feng
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanqiong Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China.
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China.
| | - Jiangning Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qutu Jiang
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liuyue He
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Zhenci Xu
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Dabalà A, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Dunn DC, Everett JD, Lovelock CE, Hanson JO, Buenafe KCV, Neubert S, Richardson AJ. Priority areas to protect mangroves and maximise ecosystem services. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5863. [PMID: 37735160 PMCID: PMC10514197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, area-based conservation efforts typically target biodiversity protection whilst minimising conflict with economic activities, failing to consider ecosystem services. Here we identify priority areas that maximise both the protection of mangrove biodiversity and their ecosystem services. We reveal that despite 13.5% of the mangrove distribution being currently strictly protected, all mangrove species are not adequately represented and many areas that provide disproportionally large ecosystem services are missed. Optimising the placement of future conservation efforts to protect 30% of global mangroves potentially safeguards an additional 16.3 billion USD of coastal property value, 6.1 million people, 1173.1 Tg C, and 50.7 million fisher days yr-1. Our findings suggest that there is a pressing need for including ecosystem services in protected area design and that strategic prioritisation and coordination of mangrove conservation could provide substantial benefits to human wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvise Dabalà
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management Research Unit (SERM), Department of Organism Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Ecology & Biodiversity, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Pleinlaan 2, VUB-APNA-WE, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management Research Unit (SERM), Department of Organism Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Ecology & Biodiversity, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Pleinlaan 2, VUB-APNA-WE, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Interfaculty Institute of Social-Ecological Transitions, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel C Dunn
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason D Everett
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Mangrove Specialist Group (MSG), Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | | | - Kristine Camille V Buenafe
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandra Neubert
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Institute of Computer Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anthony J Richardson
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct (QBP), St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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13
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Zhu R, Shao S, Xie W, Guo Z, He Z, Li Y, Wang W, Zhong C, Shi S, Xu S. High-quality genome of a pioneer mangrove Laguncularia racemosa explains its advantages for intertidal zone reforestation. Mol Ecol Resour 2023. [PMID: 37688468 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecological restoration of mangrove ecosystems that became susceptible to recent habitat perturbations is crucial for tropical coast conservation. The white mangrove Laguncularia racemosa, a pioneer species inhabiting intertidal environments of the Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) region, has been used for reforestation in China for decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its fast growth and high adaptive potential remain unknown. Using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing, we completed a high-quality L. racemosa genome assembly covering 1105 Mb with scaffold N50 of 3.46 Mb. Genomic phylogeny shows that L. racemosa invaded intertidal zones during a period of global warming. Multi-level genomic convergence analyses between L. racemosa and three native dominant mangrove clades show that they experienced convergent changes in genes involved in nutrient absorption and high salinity tolerance. This may explain successful L. racemosa adaptation to stressful intertidal environments after introduction. Without recent whole-genome duplications or activated transposable elements, L. racemosa has retained many tandem gene duplications. Some of them are involved in auxin biosynthesis, intense light stress and cold stress response pathways, associated with L. racemosa's ability to grow fast under high light or cold conditions when used for reforestation. In summary, our study identifies shared mechanisms of intertidal environmental adaptation and unique genetic changes underlying fast growth in mangrove-unfavourable conditions and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of the white mangrove utility in ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University), Ministry of Education, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cairong Zhong
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, China
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Das A, Choudhury KM, Choudhury AK. An assessment of mangrove vegetation changes in reference to cyclone impacted climatic alterations at land-ocean interface of Indian Sundarbans with application of remote sensing-based analytical tools. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89311-89335. [PMID: 37452248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecoregions of the Indian Sundarbans (IS) are highly productive ecosystems in the Bengal delta of the Indian subcontinent. These mangroves are crucial in reducing the negative consequences of extreme environmental events like excessive wave movements and periodic storm surges, in addition to serving as an important habitat for a variety of distinct flora and animals. The Bay of Bengal has been increasingly affected by climatic changes like increase in sea surface temperature (SST), salinization, and sediment loads, a decrease in freshwater intake, and sea level rise. In the last two decades (2000-2020), these climatic phenomena have increased the frequency of tropical cyclones. From 2000 to 2020, the loss of landmass has been attributed to exposure to these climate changes. According to open-source satellite imaging data, such losses in land area have also led to a decrease in the amount of mangrove vegetation. Thus, to monitor the health of mangrove vegetation, Landsat-based health indicators like normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and combined mangrove recognition index (CMRI) have been considered in this study. CMRI, as a mangrove-specific index, was measured on the basis of the difference of NDVI and normalized difference water index for remote sensing of vegetation liquid water from space (NDWI_Gao). Furthermore, datasets for abiotic variables have been extrapolated from remotely sensed data for the said period using specific formulae. Both long-term and short-term temporal trends have been considered to better envisage the impact of episodic cyclonic events on mangrove health (1990-2020). Our findings indicate that cyclones altered the habitat with respect to land area and salinization status which would possibly render the dominance of more halotolerant forms with loss of freshwater mangrove biodiversity. Even though plantation efforts have shown the recovery of mangroves in this area, sudden storm surges and concomitant salinization of habitat put the plantation efforts in vain. A combination of factors like salinization, rise in SST, rainfall reduction in pre- and post-monsoon periods and episodic cyclonic events would probably lead to further deterioration of mangrove health in this area. Since the IS is suffering the most from climatic change and intermittent cyclonic occurrences, it is crucial to consider this when making policy decisions. Appropriate actions must be taken along with stronger conservation techniques, to protect this vulnerable environment. Better conservation tactics and ongoing plantation efforts would stop the loss of mangrove vegetation and its habitat, even though the growing frequency of episodic storm occurrences cannot be stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghadeep Das
- Phycology Lab, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700118, India
| | | | - Avik Kumar Choudhury
- Phycology Lab, Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700118, India.
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15
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Chavez S, Wdowinski S, Lagomasino D, Castañeda-Moya E, Fatoyinbo T, Moyer RP, Smoak JM. Estimating Structural Damage to Mangrove Forests Using Airborne Lidar Imagery: Case Study of Damage Induced by the 2017 Hurricane Irma to Mangroves in the Florida Everglades, USA. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6669. [PMID: 37571453 PMCID: PMC10422621 DOI: 10.3390/s23156669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In September 2017, Hurricane Irma made landfall in South Florida, causing a great deal of damage to mangrove forests along the southwest coast. A combination of hurricane strength winds and high storm surge across the area resulted in canopy defoliation, broken branches, and downed trees. Evaluating changes in mangrove forest structure is significant, as a loss or change in mangrove forest structure can lead to loss in the ecosystems services that they provide. In this study, we used lidar remote sensing technology and field data to assess damage to the South Florida mangrove forests from Hurricane Irma. Lidar data provided an opportunity to investigate changes in mangrove forests using 3D high-resolution data to assess hurricane-induced changes at different tree structure levels. Using lidar data in conjunction with field observations, we were able to model aboveground necromass (AGN; standing dead trees) on a regional scale across the Shark River and Harney River within Everglades National Park. AGN estimates were higher in the mouth and downstream section of Shark River and higher in the downstream section of the Harney River, with higher impact observed in Shark River. Mean AGN estimates were 46 Mg/ha in Shark River and 38 Mg/ha in Harney River and an average loss of 29% in biomass, showing a significant damage when compared to other areas impacted by Hurricane Irma and previous disturbances in our study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Chavez
- Institute of Environment, Department of Earth and Environment Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Shimon Wdowinski
- Institute of Environment, Department of Earth and Environment Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - David Lagomasino
- Integrated Coastal Programs, East Carolina University, Wanchese, NC 27981, USA;
| | - Edward Castañeda-Moya
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Temilola Fatoyinbo
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;
| | | | - Joseph M. Smoak
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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16
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Miesse T, de Souza de Lima A, Khalid A, Cassalho F, Coleman DJ, Ferreira CM, Sutton-Grier AE. Numerical modeling of wave attenuation: implications of representing vegetation found in coastal saltmarshes in the Chesapeake Bay. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:982. [PMID: 37481757 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coastal communities are vulnerable to wave and storm surges during extreme events, highlighting the need to increase community resilience. The effectiveness of natural wetlands in attenuating waves is vital to designing strategies for protecting public safety. This study aimed to understand how vegetation attenuates waves and determine the best method for modeling vegetation's impact on wave dynamics. The researchers compared two different vegetation representations in numerical models, implicit and explicit, using SWAN and XBeach at varying spatial resolutions. The study focused on two marshes in the Chesapeake Bay, using field measurements to investigate the accuracy of each method in representing wave attenuation by vegetation and the implications of explicitly representing average characteristics of one vegetation species on a regional level. Results showed that explicit modeling using average vegetation characteristics provided more accurate results than the implicit model, which only showed wave attenuation due to topography. The finer scale resolution and site-specific vegetation characteristics further improved the accuracy of wave attenuation observed. Understanding the trade-offs between different vegetation representations in numerical models is essential to accurately represent wave attenuation and design effective protection strategies for coastal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Miesse
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA, Virginia.
| | - Andre de Souza de Lima
- Centro de Filosofia E Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Geografia, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus UniversitárioTrindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Arslaan Khalid
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA, Virginia
| | - Felicio Cassalho
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA, Virginia
| | - Daniel J Coleman
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA, Virginia
| | - Celso M Ferreira
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA, Virginia
| | - Ariana E Sutton-Grier
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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17
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Arkema KK, Delevaux JMS, Silver JM, Winder SG, Schile-Beers LM, Bood N, Crooks S, Douthwaite K, Durham C, Hawthorne PL, Hickey T, Mattis C, Rosado A, Ruckelshaus M, von Unger M, Young A. Evidence-based target setting informs blue carbon strategies for nationally determined contributions. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1045-1059. [PMID: 37264198 PMCID: PMC10333125 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The magnitude and pace of global climate change demand ambitious and effective implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Nature-based solutions present an efficient approach to achieving mitigation, adaptation and resilience goals. Yet few nations have quantified the diverse benefits of nature-based solutions to evaluate and select ecosystem targets for their NDCs. Here we report on Belize's pursuit of innovative, evidence-based target setting by accounting for multiple benefits of blue carbon strategies. Through quantification of carbon storage and sequestration and optimization of co-benefits, we explore time-bound targets and prioritize locations for mangrove protection and restoration. We find increases in carbon benefits with larger mangrove investments, while fisheries, tourism and coastal risk-reduction co-benefits grow initially and then plateau. We identify locations, currently lacking protected status, where prioritizing blue carbon strategies would provide the greatest delivery of co-benefits to communities. These findings informed Belize's updated NDCs to include an additional 12,000 ha of mangrove protection and 4,000 ha of mangrove restoration, respectively, by 2030. Our study serves as an example for the more than 150 other countries that have the opportunity to enhance greenhouse gas sequestration and climate adaptation by incorporating blue carbon strategies that provide multiple societal benefits into their NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K Arkema
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Jessica M Silver
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samantha G Winder
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Outdoor Recreation and Data Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nadia Bood
- World Wildlife Fund Mesoamerica, Belize Field Office, Belize City, Belize
| | | | | | | | - Peter L Hawthorne
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Colin Mattis
- National Climate Change Office, Belmopan, Belize
| | - Andria Rosado
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Belize City, Belize
| | - Mary Ruckelshaus
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Arlene Young
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Belize City, Belize
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18
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Toimil A, Losada IJ, Álvarez-Cuesta M, Le Cozannet G. Demonstrating the value of beaches for adaptation to future coastal flood risk. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3474. [PMID: 37308502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective coastal flood adaptation requires a realistic valuation of losses, costs and benefits considering the uncertainty of future flood projections and limited resources for adaptation. Here we present an approach to quantify the flood protection benefits of beaches accounting for the dynamic interaction of storm erosion, long-term shoreline evolution and flooding. We apply the method in Narrabeen-Collaroy (Australia) considering uncertainty in different shared socioeconomic pathways, sea-level rise projections, and beach conditions. By 2100, results show that failing to consider erosion can underestimate flood damage by a factor of 2 and maintaining present-day beach width can avoid 785 million AUD worth assets from flood damage. By 2050, the flood protection and recreational benefits of holding the current mean shoreline could be more than 150 times the cost of nourishment. Our results give insight on the benefits of beaches for adaptation and can help accelerate financial instruments for restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Toimil
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain.
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières "BRGM", French Geological Survey, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, CEDEX, 45060, Orléans, France.
| | - Iñigo J Losada
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Moisés Álvarez-Cuesta
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Gonéri Le Cozannet
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières "BRGM", French Geological Survey, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, CEDEX, 45060, Orléans, France
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19
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Jia M, Wang Z, Mao D, Ren C, Song K, Zhao C, Wang C, Xiao X, Wang Y. Mapping global distribution of mangrove forests at 10-m resolution. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00311-0. [PMID: 37217429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests deliver incredible ecosystem goods and services and are enormously relevant to sustainable living. An accurate assessment of the global status of mangrove forests warrants the necessity of datasets with sufficient information on spatial distributions and patch patterns. However, existing datasets were mostly derived from ∼30 m resolution satellite imagery and used pixel-based image classification methods, which lacked spatial details and reasonable geo-information. Here, based on Sentinel-2 imagery, we created a global mangrove forest dataset at 10-m resolution, namely, High-resolution Global Mangrove Forests (HGMF_2020), using object-based image analysis and random forest classification. We then analyzed the status of global mangrove forests from the perspectives of conservation, threats, and resistance to ocean disasters. We concluded the following: (1) globally, there were 145,068 km2 mangrove forests in 2020, among which Asia contained the largest coverage (39.2%); at the country level, Indonesia had the largest amount of mangrove forests, followed by Brazil and Australia. (2) Mangrove forests in South Asia were estimated to be in the better status due to the higher proportion of conservation and larger individual patch size; in contrast, mangrove forests in East and Southeast Asia were facing intensive threats. (3) Nearly, 99% of mangrove forest areas had a patch width greater than 100 m, suggesting that nearly all mangrove forests were efficient in reducing coastal wave energy and impacts. This study reports an innovative and up-to-date dataset and comprehensive information on mangrove forests status to contribute to related research and policy implementation, especially for supporting sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Jia
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Zongming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
| | - Dehua Mao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chunying Ren
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chuanpeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Earth Observation and Modeling, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK 02881, USA
| | - Yeqiao Wang
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI 02881, USA.
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20
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Zhi L, Li X, Bai J, Shao D, Cui B, Mu Y, Ma T, Xie X, Bilal H, Abdullahi U. Seawall-induced impacts on large river delta wetlands and blue carbon storage under sea level rise. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:159891. [PMID: 36334663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands have been enclosed by thousands of kilometers of seawalls in China to obtain extra land for rapid socio-economic development in the coastal region. Although understanding seawall-induced impacts on delta wetlands and their ecosystem can provide valuable decision-making information to support coastal management, quantifying and measuring long-term, cumulative ecological impacts of harden seawall under sea level rise (SLR) remains a vital research gap. In this study, by combining the land-use transformation trajectory analysis, ecosystem services assessment, and the SLAMM (Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model), we have explored the seawall-induced effects on temporal-spatial dynamics of tidal wetlands and the Coastal Blue Carbon storage (CBCs) in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) under the SLR by 2050 and 2100. Our study revealed that the delta wetland area would have increased by 2327.87 km2 after seawall removal without regard for SLR while increasing by 3050 km2 in 2100 in both seawall scenarios under SLR. The effects of driving processes trajectory on the changes in CBCs indicated two-sided seawall-induced impacts on the delta wetlands in the YRD, i.e., functioning as a physical coastal defense to prevent coastal erosion (before 2050) while intensifying coastal squeeze effects and quickening the loss in delta wetlands and the CBCs by hindering their inland migration under SLR. For example, the gap of CBCs between the seawall-impacting and seawall-removal scenarios would have reached at 9.94 × 106 Mg by 2050 under the SLR, and the magnitude of the final decrease effect on CBCs induced by the seawall-impacting would be nearly 5 times higher than its gain after seawall-removal in the regressive succession, while the same magnitudes in the salinization process on both scenarios. Our study has provided valuable insights for shoreline management by mitigating seawall-induced impacts on the delta wetlands and their ecosystem services such as CBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liehui Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China; Hebei University of Engineering, Taiji Road No.19, Handan 056038, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongdong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yonglin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 31 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Usman Abdullahi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
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21
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Temmerman S, Horstman EM, Krauss KW, Mullarney JC, Pelckmans I, Schoutens K. Marshes and Mangroves as Nature-Based Coastal Storm Buffers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2023; 15:95-118. [PMID: 35850492 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-040422-092951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tidal marshes and mangroves are increasingly valued for nature-based mitigation of coastal storm impacts, such as flooding and shoreline erosion hazards, which are growing due to global change. As this review highlights, however, hazard mitigation by tidal wetlands is limited to certain conditions, and not all hazards are equally reduced. Tidal wetlands are effective in attenuating short-period storm-induced waves, but long-period storm surges, which elevate sea levels up to several meters for up to more than a day, are attenuated less effectively, or in some cases not at all, depending on storm conditions, wetland properties, and larger-scale coastal landscape geometry. Wetlands often limit erosion, but storm damage to vegetation (especially mangrove trees) can be substantial, and recovery may take several years. Longer-term wetland persistence can be compromised when combined with other stressors, such as climate change and human disturbances. Due to these uncertainties, nature-based coastal defense projects need to adopt adaptive management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Temmerman
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; , ,
| | - Erik M Horstman
- Water Engineering and Management, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Ken W Krauss
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, US Geological Survey, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Julia C Mullarney
- Coastal Marine Group, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
| | - Ignace Pelckmans
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; , ,
| | - Ken Schoutens
- Ecosphere Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; , ,
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22
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Fan C, Xu H, Hou X. Spatial efficiency of protected mangrove areas in Madagascar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116568. [PMID: 36419301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protected Areas (PAs) are an important nature-based solution for mangrove conservation and rehabilitation. We evaluated spatial effectiveness of PAs for mangroves toward achieving Global Conservation Targets (GCTs). The hypothesis for this study was that PAs with different attributes have insignificant effects on mangrove conservation. We assessed the proportions of the most vulnerable mangroves inside PAs, and focused on a typical mangrove country (Madagascar). First, based on remote sensing technology and big data in Google Earth Engine (GEE), we identified the exposure location of mangroves, and determined the environmental factors significantly influencing mangrove distribution. Then, Vulnerability Assessment and Hot-Spot Analysis models were used to measure spatial vulnerability and hotspots of those values, respectively. Finally, we implemented the statistics for the most vulnerable mangroves inside PAs. It was found that: i. Mangroves were mainly abundant in west and east coasts with low latitudes, and the most typical environmental factor influencing mangrove distribution was elevation and; ii. PAs sheltered 486.18 km2 (22.16%) of the most vulnerable mangroves in Madagascar. Overall, PAs in Madagascar failed to match 30% of spatial requirements proposed by GCTs (A key proportion of spatial requirements used to reverse trends in biodiversity loss). This study provides a quantitative paradigm for verifying the spatial efficiency of PAs, and will inform local decision-makers on places where mangroves are facing adaption loss to optimize mangrove conservation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - He Xu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Xiyong Hou
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China.
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23
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Hagger V, Worthington TA, Lovelock CE, Adame MF, Amano T, Brown BM, Friess DA, Landis E, Mumby PJ, Morrison TH, O’Brien KR, Wilson KA, Zganjar C, Saunders MI. Drivers of global mangrove loss and gain in social-ecological systems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6373. [PMID: 36289201 PMCID: PMC9606261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests store high amounts of carbon, protect communities from storms, and support fisheries. Mangroves exist in complex social-ecological systems, hence identifying socioeconomic conditions associated with decreasing losses and increasing gains remains challenging albeit important. The impact of national governance and conservation policies on mangrove conservation at the landscape-scale has not been assessed to date, nor have the interactions with local economic pressures and biophysical drivers. Here, we assess the relationship between socioeconomic and biophysical variables and mangrove change across coastal geomorphic units worldwide from 1996 to 2016. Globally, we find that drivers of loss can also be drivers of gain, and that drivers have changed over 20 years. The association with economic growth appears to have reversed, shifting from negatively impacting mangroves in the first decade to enabling mangrove expansion in the second decade. Importantly, we find that community forestry is promoting mangrove expansion, whereas conversion to agriculture and aquaculture, often occurring in protected areas, results in high loss. Sustainable development, community forestry, and co-management of protected areas are promising strategies to reverse mangrove losses, increasing the capacity of mangroves to support human-livelihoods and combat climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Hagger
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Thomas A. Worthington
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Catherine E. Lovelock
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Maria Fernanda Adame
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Australian Rivers Institute, Centre for Marine and Coastal Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Benjamin M. Brown
- grid.1043.60000 0001 2157 559XResearch Institute for Environment & Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT Australia
| | - Daniel A. Friess
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Emily Landis
- grid.422375.50000 0004 0591 6771The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Tiffany H. Morrison
- grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
| | - Katherine R. O’Brien
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Kerrie A. Wilson
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Chris Zganjar
- grid.422375.50000 0004 0591 6771The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA USA
| | - Megan I. Saunders
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719Coasts and Ocean Research Program, Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St Lucia, QLD Australia
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24
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Management of nitrogen nutrient flow under legume practice from La Teresa basin to the Batabanó Gulf. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Nitrogen management in a karst basin is examined through the establishment of legumes Leucaena leucocephala and Phaseolus vulgaris in pasture and crop areas respectively, with the objective of enriching the nutrient flow interrupted by the construction of dams and canals built during the 1990s, which have altered the natural patterns of hydrological variation and transport to the sea. The different soil treatments show low values of overland fluxes to the sea between 0.9623 and 0.9624 kg ha−1 yr−1 for crops, discretely increasing by 0.02% in pasture and by 0.28% for crop + pasture according to the geomorphic potential of the basin. For land use conditions, a positive economic nitrogen balance was estimated in the range of 55–1560 for crops and 22–2400 USD ha−1 yr−1 for pastures, the latter showing positive balances at the lowest fixation rates, confirming that cover management with legumes maximizes gains and minimizes losses for both agricultural and marine ecosystems, providing a source of indirect fertilization downstream where agricultural areas are located.
Article highlights
In the flat karst region, geomorphological potential is the main factor in predicting the dynamics of sediment movement.
Leguminous land use has a weak effect on alleviating pressures on the island's oligotrophic marine ecosystems.
In both crop and pasture, a positive annual economic balance of N was found in the range of 55–2400 USD ha−1 yr−1.
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25
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Mondal P, Dutta T, Qadir A, Sharma S. Radar and optical remote sensing for near real-time assessments of cyclone impacts on coastal ecosystems. REMOTE SENSING IN ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2022; 8:506-520. [PMID: 36248269 PMCID: PMC9546186 DOI: 10.1002/rse2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid impact assessment of cyclones on coastal ecosystems is critical for timely rescue and rehabilitation operations in highly human-dominated landscapes. Such assessments should also include damage assessments of vegetation for restoration planning in impacted natural landscapes. Our objective is to develop a remote sensing-based approach combining satellite data derived from optical (Sentinel-2), radar (Sentinel-1), and LiDAR (Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation) platforms for rapid assessment of post-cyclone inundation in non-forested areas and vegetation damage in a primarily forested ecosystem. We apply this multi-scalar approach for assessing damages caused by the cyclone Amphan that hit coastal India and Bangladesh in May 2020, severely flooding several districts in the two countries, and causing destruction to the Sundarban mangrove forests. Our analysis shows that at least 6821 sq. km. land across the 39 study districts was inundated even after 10 days after the cyclone. We further calculated the change in forest greenness as the difference in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) pre- and post-cyclone. Our findings indicate a <0.2 unit decline in NDVI in 3.45 sq. km. of the forest. Rapid assessment of post-cyclone damage in mangroves is challenging due to limited navigability of waterways, but critical for planning of mitigation and recovery measures. We demonstrate the utility of Otsu method, an automated statistical approach of the Google Earth Engine platform to identify inundated areas within days after a cyclone. Our radar-based inundation analysis advances current practices because it requires minimal user inputs, and is effective in the presence of high cloud cover. Such rapid assessment, when complemented with detailed information on species and vegetation composition, can inform appropriate restoration efforts in severely impacted regions and help decision makers efficiently manage resources for recovery and aid relief. We provide the datasets from this study on an open platform to aid in future research and planning endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Mondal
- Department of Geography and Spatial SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware19716USA
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware19716USA
| | - Trishna Dutta
- Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GoettingenGoettingen37077Germany
| | - Abdul Qadir
- Department of Geography and Spatial SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware19716USA
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742USA
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Conservation BiologyUniversity of GoettingenGoettingen37073Germany
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26
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Global Mangrove Extent Change 1996–2020: Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14153657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mangroves are a globally important ecosystem that provides a wide range of ecosystem system services, such as carbon capture and storage, coastal protection and fisheries enhancement. Mangroves have significantly reduced in global extent over the last 50 years, primarily as a result of deforestation caused by the expansion of agriculture and aquaculture in coastal environments. However, a limited number of studies have attempted to estimate changes in global mangrove extent, particularly into the 1990s, despite much of the loss in mangrove extent occurring pre-2000. This study has used L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) global mosaic datasets from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for 11 epochs from 1996 to 2020 to develop a long-term time-series of global mangrove extent and change. The study used a map-to-image approach to change detection where the baseline map (GMW v2.5) was updated using thresholding and a contextual mangrove change mask. This approach was applied between all image-date pairs producing 10 maps for each epoch, which were summarised to produce the global mangrove time-series. The resulting mangrove extent maps had an estimated accuracy of 87.4% (95th conf. int.: 86.2–88.6%), although the accuracies of the individual gain and loss change classes were lower at 58.1% (52.4–63.9%) and 60.6% (56.1–64.8%), respectively. Sources of error included misregistration in the SAR mosaic datasets, which could only be partially corrected for, but also confusion in fragmented areas of mangroves, such as around aquaculture ponds. Overall, 152,604 km2 (133,996–176,910) of mangroves were identified for 1996, with this decreasing by −5245 km2 (−13,587–1444) resulting in a total extent of 147,359 km2 (127,925–168,895) in 2020, and representing an estimated loss of 3.4% over the 24-year time period. The Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0 represents the most comprehensive record of global mangrove change achieved to date and is expected to support a wide range of activities, including the ongoing monitoring of the global coastal environment, defining and assessments of progress toward conservation targets, protected area planning and risk assessments of mangrove ecosystems worldwide.
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27
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A Comprehensive Approach for Floodplain Mapping through Identification of Hazard Using Publicly Available Data Sets over Canada. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying flood inundation and hazards over large regions is paramount for gaining critical information on flood risk over the vulnerable population and environment. Readily available global data and enhancement in computational simulations have made it easier to simulate flooding at a large scale. This study explores the usability of publicly available datasets in flood inundation and hazard mapping, and ensures the flood-related information reaches the end-users efficiently. Runoff from the North American Regional Reanalysis and other relevant inputs are fed to the CaMa-Flood model to generate flooding patterns for 1 in 100 and 1 in 200-year return period events over Canada. The simulated floodplain maps are overlaid on the property footprints of 34 cities (falling within the top 100 populated cities of Canada) to determine the degree of exposure during 1991, 2001 and 2011. Lastly, Flood Map Viewer—a web-based public tool, is developed to disseminate extensive flood-related information. The development of the tool is motivated by the commitment of the Canadian government to contribute $63 M over the next three years for the development of flood maps, especially in high-flood risk areas. The results from the study indicate that around 80 percent of inundated spots belong to high and very-high hazard classes in a 200-year event, which is roughly 4 percent more than observed during the 100-year event. We notice an increase in the properties exposed to flooding during the last three decades, with a signature rise in Toronto, Montreal and Edmonton. The flood-related information derived from the study can be used along with vulnerability and exposure components to quantify flood risk. This will help develop appropriate pathways for resilience building for long-term sustainable benefits.
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28
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Stewart HA, Wright JL, Carrigan M, Altieri AH, Kline DI, Araújo RJ. Novel coexisting mangrove-coral habitats: Extensive coral communities located deep within mangrove canopies of Panama, a global classification system and predicted distributions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269181. [PMID: 35704568 PMCID: PMC9200167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are structured by coexisting species occurring in adjacent or nested assemblages. Mangroves and corals are typically observed in adjacent assemblages (i.e., mangrove forests and coral reefs) but are increasingly reported in nested mangrove-coral assemblages with corals living within mangrove habitats. Here we define these nested assemblages as “coexisting mangrove-coral” (CMC) habitats and review the scientific literature to date to formalize a baseline understanding of these ecosystems and create a foundation for future studies. We identify 130 species of corals living within mangrove habitats across 12 locations spanning the Caribbean Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and South Pacific. We then provide the first description, to our knowledge, of a canopy CMC habitat type located in Bocas del Toro, Panama. This canopy CMC habitat is one of the most coral rich CMC habitats reported in the world, with 34 species of corals growing on and/or among submerged red mangrove aerial roots. Based on our literature review and field data, we identify biotic and abiotic characteristics common to CMC systems to create a classification framework of CMC habitat categories: (1) Lagoon, (2) Inlet, (3) Edge, and (4) Canopy. We then use the compiled data to create a GIS model to suggest where additional CMC habitats may occur globally. In a time where many ecosystems are at risk of disappearing, discovery and description of alternative habitats for species of critical concern are of utmost importance for their conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Stewart
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer L. Wright
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Matthew Carrigan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Sante Fe College, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Altieri
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - David I. Kline
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Rafael J. Araújo
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Walker JE, Ankersen T, Barchiesi S, Meyer CK, Altieri AH, Osborne TZ, Angelini C. Governance and the mangrove commons: Advancing the cross-scale, nested framework for the global conservation and wise use of mangroves. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114823. [PMID: 35313150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves provide critical ecosystems services, contributing an estimated 42 billion US dollars to global fisheries, storing 25.5 million tons of carbon per year, and providing flood protection to over 15 million people annually. Yet, they are increasingly threatened by factors ranging from local resource exploitation to global climate change, with an estimated 35% of mangrove forests lost in the past two decades. These threats are difficult to manage due to the intrinsic characteristics of mangrove systems and their provisioning services, and their transboundary and pan-global nature. Due to their unique intertidal ecological niche, mangroves are often treated as a "common pool resource" within national legal frameworks, making them particularly susceptible to exploitation. Moreover, they form ecological connections through numerous biotic and abiotic processes that cross political boundaries. Because of these qualities a cross-scale nested framework of international, regional, and local coordination is necessary to successfully sustain mangrove ecosystems and their valuable services. Although coordination across the geopolitical spectrum is often cited as a need for effective management of common resources such as mangroves, there has been no formal analysis of mangrove multiscale governance. In this paper we address this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of interactions between and within international, regional, and local mangrove management regimes and examine the challenges and opportunities such multiscale governance frameworks present. We highlight Costa Rica as a case study to demonstrate the universal relevance and potential of multi-scale governance and explore its downscale potential. Using Elinor Ostrom's principles for self-governance of the commons as our touchstone, we identify where improvements to the status quo could be implemented to increase its effectiveness of the current frameworks to meet the ongoing challenge of managing mangrove-derived resources and services in the face of a changing climate and human needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Walker
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA; Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA; St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD, 20686, USA.
| | - Thomas Ankersen
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Stefano Barchiesi
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Courtney K Meyer
- Levin College of Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, Center for Coastal Solutions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Todd Z Osborne
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Christine Angelini
- Environmental Engineering Sciences, Center for Coastal Solutions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
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Nassary EK, Msomba BH, Masele WE, Ndaki PM, Kahangwa CA. Exploring urban green packages as part of Nature-based Solutions for climate change adaptation measures in rapidly growing cities of the Global South. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114786. [PMID: 35240569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given a lot of elusive information on the use and implementation of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in the Global South, this review provides a synthesis of the evidence on the: - (1) distribution of urban green technologies in form of arboriculture and urban agriculture as a part of NbS packages for the sustainability of cities against population growth and impact of climate change; and (2) options of integrating and mainstreaming various NbS packages into city development policies, planning processes, and decision-making agendas. The sustainability of urban green as part of NbS packages and the usefulness for improvement of livelihoods is determined by the spatial (geographical location) and temporal (time of action) scales, and socio-ecological and institutional factors. Various NbS packages have shown the ability for use as climate change adaptation measures throughout the world. These functions include protection from soil erosion, protection from inland flooding, buffering natural resources against drier and more variable climates, protection from coastal hazards and sea-level rise, moderation of urban heatwaves and effects of heat island, and managing storm-water and flooding in urban areas. Furthermore, the benefits of urban agriculture and arboriculture include use as sources of food and generation of income; improve recreation and social interactions, and the sustainability of biodiversity. They also mitigate the impact of environmental pollution and climate change through reduction of gas emissions and act as carbon sinks. While the starting capital and lack of policy on urban agriculture and arboriculture in many countries, the importance of the industry is inevitably a useful agenda especially in the Global South due to vulnerability to the impact of climate change. This review also suggests the inclusion of all institutions, governments, and relevant stakeholders to emphasize gender sensitization at all levels of planning and decision-making in food production and adaptation measures to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliakira Kisetu Nassary
- Department of Soil and Geological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3008, Chuo-Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | | | - Wilson Elias Masele
- Institute of Resource Assessment, Centre for Climate Change Studies, University of Dar Es Salaam, P. O. Box 35097, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Patrick Madulu Ndaki
- Institute of Resource Assessment, Centre for Climate Change Studies, University of Dar Es Salaam, P. O. Box 35097, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.
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Baseline Marine Litter Surveys along Vietnam Coasts Using Citizen Science Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14094919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine litter is a significant threat to the marine environment, human health, and the economy. In this study, beach litter surveys along Vietnamese coasts were conducted in a local context to quantify and characterize marine litter using the modified GESAMP marine litter monitoring guideline. A total of 21,754 items weighing 136,820.2 g was recorded across 14 surveys from September 2020 to January 2021. Plastic was the most abundant type of litter by both quantity (20,744 items) and weight (100,371.2 g). Fishing gear 1 (fishing plastic rope, net pieces, fishing lures and lines, hard plastic floats) and soft plastic fragments were the most frequently observed items (17.65% and 17.24%, respectively). This study not only demonstrates the abundance and composition of marine litter in Vietnam, it also provides valuable information for the implementation of appropriate preventive measures, such as the redesign of collection, reuse, and recycling programs, and informs policy and priorities, with a focus on action and investment in Vietnam. Moreover, insights from this study indicate that citizen science is a useful approach for collecting data on marine litter in Vietnam.
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Abstract
This study presents an updated global mangrove forest baseline for 2010: Global Mangrove Watch (GMW) v2.5. The previous GMW maps (v2.0) of the mangrove extent are currently considered the most comprehensive available global products, however areas were identified as missing or poorly mapped. Therefore, this study has updated the 2010 baseline map to increase the mapping quality and completeness of the mangrove extent. This revision resulted in an additional 2660 km2 of mangroves being mapped yielding a revised global mangrove extent for 2010 of some 140,260 km2. The overall map accuracy was estimated to be 95.1% with a 95th confidence interval of 93.8–96.5%, as assessed using 50,750 reference points located across 60 globally distributed sites. Of these 60 validation sites, 26 were located in areas that were remapped to produce the v2.5 map and the overall accuracy for these was found to have increased from 82.6% (95th confidence interval: 80.1–84.9) for the v2.0 map to 95.0% (95th confidence interval: 93.7–96.4) for the v2.5 map. Overall, the improved GMW v2.5 map provides a more robust product to support the conservation and sustainable use of mangroves globally.
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Abstract
Mangroves form coastal tropical forests in the intertidal zone and are an important component of shoreline protection. In comparison to other tropical forests, mangrove stands are thought to have relatively low genetic diversity with population genetic structure gradually increasing with distance along a coastline. We conducted genetic analyses of mangrove forests across a range of spatial scales; within a 400 m2 parcel comprising 181 Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) trees, and across four sites ranging from 6-115 km apart in Honduras. In total, we successfully genotyped 269 R. mangle trees, using a panel of 677 SNPs developed with 2b-RAD methodology. Within the 400 m2 parcel, we found two distinct clusters with high levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.355), corresponding to trees primarily located on the seaward fringe and trees growing deeper into the forest. In contrast, there was limited genetic differentiation (FST = 0.027-0.105) across the sites at a larger scale, which had been predominantly sampled along the seaward fringe. Within the 400 m2 parcel, the cluster closest to the seaward fringe exhibited low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.014-0.043) with the other Honduran sites, but the cluster further into the forest was highly differentiated from them (FST = 0.326-0.414). These findings contradict the perception that genetic structure within mangroves forests occurs mainly along a coastline and highlights that there is greater genetic structure at fine spatial scales.
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Marques AC, Migotto AE, Kitahara MV, Dias GM, Costa TM, Oliveira MC. Marine and coastal biodiversity studies, 60 years of research funding from FAPESP, what we have learned and future challenges. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this study we survey and analyze 300 projects related to marine biodiversity funded by FAPESP from 1972 to 2021, of which 46 were nested in the BIOTA Program. From a unique project in the 1970’s, the number gradually increased until 2009, when BIOTA promoted a call on marine biodiversity, which led to a boost in the number of funded projects in the subsequent years. The geographical range of the projects expanded over the years and, from studies based on the coast of São Paulo State, the focus gradually shifted to broader areas of the Brazilian coast, then to other areas of the Atlantic, and eventually became global. The majority of projects focused on coastal benthic organisms living on hard-bottom. In terms of taxa, six groups accounted for about 60% of the projects (viz. Crustacea, Actinopterygii, Mollusca, Chondrichthyes, Cnidaria, and Rhodophyta), but it is observed an increase in the number of groups studied over the decades. The 300 projects refer to a set of 82 different topics, of which the top five are taxonomy, phylogeny, community, “omics”, and pollution. The analyses show a long-standing effort in marine biodiversity surveys, with ongoing updated approaches regarding scope and methods. Research on strategic areas is discussed, including deep-sea and marine microbiota. Climate change and the increasing pressure of human activity on the ocean, including pollution, acidification and invasive species, are among the main challenges for the future. Projects producing and using basic research data in an integrative and transdisciplinary way offer multiple perspectives in understanding changes in ecosystem functioning and, consequently, are essential to support public policies for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity at different scales. UNESCO’s Decade of Ocean (starting 2021) is a window of opportunity to strengthen marine research, to promote national and international collaboration, to build up networks involving the public and private sector, but particularly to draw society’s attention to the importance of knowing marine environments and using ocean resources in a sustainable way. The advancement of ocean literacy is one of the main legacies for future generations promoted by integrated research programs such as BIOTA-FAPESP.
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Assessment and Attribution of Mangrove Forest Changes in the Indian Sundarbans from 2000 to 2020. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13244957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Indian Sundarbans, together with Bangladesh, comprise the largest mangrove forest in the world. Reclamation of the mangroves in this region ceased in the 1930s. However, they are still subject to adverse environmental influences, such as sediment starvation due to migration of the main river channels in the Ganges–Brahmaputra delta over the last few centuries, cyclone landfall, wave action from the Bay of Bengal—changing hydrology due to upstream water diversion—and the pervasive effects of relative sea-level rise. This study builds on earlier work to assess changes from 2000 to 2020 in mangrove extent, genus composition, and mangrove ‘health’ indicators, using various vegetation indices derived from Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery by performing maximum likelihood supervised classification. We show that about 110 km2 of mangroves disappeared within the reserve forest due to erosion, and 81 km2 were gained within the inhabited part of Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (SBR) through plantation and regeneration. The gains are all outside the contiguous mangroves. However, they partially compensate for the losses of the contiguous mangroves in terms of carbon. Genus composition, analyzed by amalgamating data from published literature and ground-truthing surveys, shows change towards more salt-tolerant genus accompanied by a reduction in the prevalence of freshwater-loving Heiritiera, Nypa, and Sonneratia assemblages. Health indicators, such as the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), show a monotonic trend of deterioration over the last two decades, which is more pronounced in the sea-facing parts of the mangrove forests. An increase in salinity, a temperature rise, and rainfall reduction in the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon periods appear to have led to such degradation. Collectively, these results show a decline in mangrove area and health, which poses an existential threat to the Indian Sundarbans in the long term, especially under scenarios of climate change and sea-level rise. Given its unique values, the policy process should acknowledge and address these threats.
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Publication Performance and Trends in Mangrove Forests: A Bibliometric Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mangroves are one the most productive ecosystems on Earth, and they are geographically located in the tropics and sub-tropics. Notwithstanding their critical role in providing a large number of environmental services and benefits as well as livelihood provisions, mangrove forests are being lost globally at an alarming rate. At the same time, they are increasingly recognized as a cost-effective nature-based climate solution for their carbon sequestration and storage capacity. Despite their enormous importance to people’s lives and the ecosystem, no bibliometric study on this topic has been published to our knowledge. Here, we provide a bibliometric analysis of the research on mangroves with research trends, most influential research based on citation count, and the origins (country and institution) of major research. Using the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) database of the Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), we identified 13,918 documents published between 1990 and 2019. Nevertheless, 12,955 articles met our final criteria and were analyzed in detail. Six publications and their citations per publication (CPP2019) were applied to evaluate the publication performance of countries and institutes. When considering the top ten Web of Science subject categories, articles published on the ecology of mangroves had the highest CPP2019 of 28. Environmental sciences have been the major category since 2013. The USA dominated the total articles and single-author articles. The USA was also the most frequent partner of international collaborative publications. China published the most single-country articles, first-author articles, and corresponding-author articles. However, articles by the USA and Australia had a higher CPP2019. Sun Yat Sen University in China was the most active university. The Australian Institute of Marine Science dominated all kinds of publications with the top CPP2019. Together with the USA, Australia, China, India, Brazil, and Japan ranked both the top six on total publications and total publications in 2019. Our bibliometric study provides useful visualization of the past and current landscape of research on mangroves and emerging fields, to facilitate future research collaboration and knowledge exchange.
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van Zelst VTM, Dijkstra JT, van Wesenbeeck BK, Eilander D, Morris EP, Winsemius HC, Ward PJ, de Vries MB. Cutting the costs of coastal protection by integrating vegetation in flood defences. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6533. [PMID: 34764288 PMCID: PMC8586143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to coastal flooding is increasing due to growing population and economic activity. These developments go hand-in-hand with a loss and deterioration of ecosystems. Ironically, these ecosystems can play a buffering role in reducing flood hazard. The ability of ecosystems to contribute to reducing coastal flooding has been emphasized in multiple studies. However, the role of ecosystems in hybrid coastal protection (i.e. a combination of ecosystems and levees) has been poorly quantified at a global scale. Here, we evaluate the use of coastal vegetation, mangroves, and marshes fronting levees to reduce global coastal protection costs, by accounting for wave-vegetation interaction.The research is carried out by combining earth observation data and hydrodynamic modelling. We show that incooperating vegetation in hybrid coastal protection results in more sustainable and financially attractive coastal protection strategies. If vegetated foreshore levee systems were established along populated coastlines susceptible to flooding, the required levee crest height could be considerably reduced. This would result in a reduction of 320 (range: 107-961) billion USD2005 Power Purchasing Parity (PPP) in investments, of which 67.5 (range: 22.5- 202) billion USD2005 PPP in urban areas for a 1 in 100-year flood protection level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bregje K van Wesenbeeck
- Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Eilander
- Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
- Institute for Environmental Studies(IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward P Morris
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Cervest, London, EC1V 9HX, UK
| | - Hessel C Winsemius
- Deltares, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH, Delft, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J Ward
- Institute for Environmental Studies(IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Community Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change in Coastal Areas of Mexico. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13182483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Climate change adaptation is an increasingly important topic addressed in the face of the current and expected future impacts by climate change that the social, economic and ecological systems are experiencing worldwide. Despite the advances reported in the literature, adaptation to climate change is still considered a challenge to move from planning to the practical implementation of successful interventions. In this regard, identifying international key barriers, exchanges of experiences and lessons learned may facilitate the progress of the coasts’ sustainable and resilient future. The coast of Mexico is an excellent study area. High population densities occur along the coastal zone, whose main economic activity is related to primary and tertiary sectors. Additionally, a great diversity of coastal ecosystems exists, which are threatened by anthropogenic and hydrometeorological impacts. Under these circumstances, the population is becoming aware of the urgent need to adapt to the consequences of climate change. In this sense, this paper reviews research contributions concerning population perception to climate change and adaptation strategies in Mexico’s coastal zone. The findings highlight critical institutional difficulties and social barriers that have impeded the effective implementation of adaptation strategies to climate change in Mexico and consider steps to address them. However, adaptation strategies that show the prevention culture of some coastal communities have been found and also results of successful projects carried out, especially on mangrove forest and coral reef restoration, which are of essential importance to consider to progress on the path of a successful adaptation to climate change in Mexico.
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Remote Sensing Approach for Monitoring Coastal Wetland in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Change Trends and Their Driving Forces. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13173359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam, provide various vital ecosystem services for the region. These wetlands have experienced critical changes due to the increase in regional anthropogenic activities, global climate change, and the associated sea level rise (SLR). However, documented information and research on the dynamics and drivers of these important wetland areas remain limited for the region. The present study aims to determine the long-term dynamics of wetlands in the south-west coast of the MD using remote sensing approaches, and analyse the potential factors driving these dynamics. Wetland maps from the years 1995, 2002, 2013, and 2020 at a 15 m spatial resolution were derived from Landsat images with the aid of a hybrid classification approach. The accuracy of the wetland maps was relatively high, with overall accuracies ranging from 86–93%. The findings showed that the critical changes over the period 1995/2020 included the expansion of marine water into coastal lands, showing 129% shoreline erosion; a remarkable increase of 345% in aquaculture ponds; and a reduction of forested wetlands and rice fields/other crops by 32% and 73%, respectively. Although mangrove forests slightly increased for the period 2013/2020, the overall trend was also a reduction of 5%. Our findings show that the substantial increase in aquaculture ponds is at the expense of mangroves, forested wetlands, and rice fields/other crops, while shoreline erosion significantly affected coastal lands, especially mangrove forests. The interaction of a set of environmental and socioeconomic factors were responsible for the dynamics. In particular, SLR was identified as one of the main underlying drivers; however, the rapid changes were directly driven by policies on land-use for economic development in the region. The trends of wetland changes and SLR implicate their significant effects on environment, natural resources, food security, and likelihood of communities in the region sustaining for the long-term. These findings can assist in developing and planning appropriate management strategies and policies for wetland protection and conservation, and for sustainable development in the region.
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Kumar P, Debele SE, Sahani J, Rawat N, Marti-Cardona B, Alfieri SM, Basu B, Basu AS, Bowyer P, Charizopoulos N, Gallotti G, Jaakko J, Leo LS, Loupis M, Menenti M, Mickovski SB, Mun SJ, Gonzalez-Ollauri A, Pfeiffer J, Pilla F, Pröll J, Rutzinger M, Santo MA, Sannigrahi S, Spyrou C, Tuomenvirta H, Zieher T. Nature-based solutions efficiency evaluation against natural hazards: Modelling methods, advantages and limitations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147058. [PMID: 34088074 PMCID: PMC8192688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBS) for hydro-meteorological risks (HMRs) reduction and management are becoming increasingly popular, but challenges such as the lack of well-recognised standard methodologies to evaluate their performance and upscale their implementation remain. We systematically evaluate the current state-of-the art on the models and tools that are utilised for the optimum allocation, design and efficiency evaluation of NBS for five HMRs (flooding, droughts, heatwaves, landslides, and storm surges and coastal erosion). We found that methods to assess the complex issue of NBS efficiency and cost-benefits analysis are still in the development stage and they have only been implemented through the methodologies developed for other purposes such as fluid dynamics models in micro and catchment scale contexts. Of the reviewed numerical models and tools MIKE-SHE, SWMM (for floods), ParFlow-TREES, ACRU, SIMGRO (for droughts), WRF, ENVI-met (for heatwaves), FUNWAVE-TVD, BROOK90 (for landslides), TELEMAC and ADCIRC (for storm surges) are more flexible to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of specific NBS such as wetlands, ponds, trees, parks, grass, green roof/walls, tree roots, vegetations, coral reefs, mangroves, sea grasses, oyster reefs, sea salt marshes, sandy beaches and dunes. We conclude that the models and tools that are capable of assessing the multiple benefits, particularly the performance and cost-effectiveness of NBS for HMR reduction and management are not readily available. Thus, our synthesis of modelling methods can facilitate their selection that can maximise opportunities and refute the current political hesitation of NBS deployment compared with grey solutions for HMR management but also for the provision of a wide range of social and economic co-benefits. However, there is still a need for bespoke modelling tools that can holistically assess the various components of NBS from an HMR reduction and management perspective. Such tools can facilitate impact assessment modelling under different NBS scenarios to build a solid evidence base for upscaling and replicating the implementation of NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sisay E Debele
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jeetendra Sahani
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Belen Marti-Cardona
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Maria Alfieri
- Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Bidroha Basu
- Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arunima Sarkar Basu
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Bowyer
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikos Charizopoulos
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of Mineralogy-Geology, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Region of Sterea Ellada, Kalivion 2, 351 32 Lamia, Greece
| | - Glauco Gallotti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Juvonen Jaakko
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura S Leo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael Loupis
- Innovative Technologies Center S.A., Alketou Str. 25, 11633 Athens, Greece; National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna 34400, Greece
| | - Massimo Menenti
- Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Slobodan B Mickovski
- The Built Environment Asset Management Research Centre, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Seung-Jae Mun
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Ollauri
- The Built Environment Asset Management Research Centre, Glasgow Caledonian University, G4 0BA Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Pfeiffer
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Francesco Pilla
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julius Pröll
- Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rutzinger
- Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Antonio Santo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (DIFA), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Srikanta Sannigrahi
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christos Spyrou
- Innovative Technologies Center S.A., Alketou Str. 25, 11633 Athens, Greece; Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing (IAASARS), National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Athens, Greece
| | - Heikki Tuomenvirta
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Zieher
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
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De Cock A, De Troyer N, Eurie MAF, Garcia Arevalo I, Van Echelpoel W, Jacxsens L, Luca S, Du Laing G, Tack F, Dominguez Granda L, Goethals PLM. From Mangrove to Fork: Metal Presence in the Guayas Estuary (Ecuador) and Commercial Mangrove Crabs. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081880. [PMID: 34441657 PMCID: PMC8393220 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove wetlands provide essential ecosystem services such as coastal protection and fisheries. Metal pollution due to industrial and agricultural activities represents an issue of growing concern for the Guayas River Basin and related mangroves in Ecuador. Fisheries and the related human consumption of mangrove crabs are in need of scientific support. In order to protect human health and aid river management, we analyzed several elements in the Guayas Estuary. Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg accumulation were assessed in different compartments of the commercial red mangrove crab Ucides occidentalis (hepatopancreas, carapax, and white meat) and the environment (sediment, leaves, and water), sampled at fifteen sites over five stations. Consistent spatial distribution of metals in the Guayas estuary was found. Nickel levels in the sediment warn for ecological caution. The presence of As in the crabs generated potential concerns on the consumers' health, and a maximum intake of eight crabs per month for adults is advised. The research outcomes are of global importance for at least nine Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results presented can support raising awareness about the ongoing contamination of food and their related ecosystems and the corresponding consequences for environmental and human health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée De Cock
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.T.); (M.A.F.E.); (I.G.A.); (W.V.E.); (P.L.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-92649001
| | - Niels De Troyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.T.); (M.A.F.E.); (I.G.A.); (W.V.E.); (P.L.M.G.)
| | - Marie Anne Forio Eurie
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.T.); (M.A.F.E.); (I.G.A.); (W.V.E.); (P.L.M.G.)
| | - Isabel Garcia Arevalo
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.T.); (M.A.F.E.); (I.G.A.); (W.V.E.); (P.L.M.G.)
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, CEDEX 3, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Wout Van Echelpoel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.T.); (M.A.F.E.); (I.G.A.); (W.V.E.); (P.L.M.G.)
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Stijn Luca
- Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.D.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Filip Tack
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (G.D.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Luis Dominguez Granda
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, 090112 Guayaquil, Ecuador;
| | - Peter L. M. Goethals
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.T.); (M.A.F.E.); (I.G.A.); (W.V.E.); (P.L.M.G.)
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Abstract
The Earth’s climate is changing; ice sheets and glaciers are melting and coastal hazards and sea level are rising in response. With a total population of over 300 million people situated on coasts, including 20 of the planet’s 33 megacities (over 10 million people), low-lying coastal areas represent one of the most vulnerable areas to the impacts of climate change. Many of the largest cities along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. are already experiencing frequent high tide flooding, and these events will increase in frequency, depth, duration and extent as sea levels continue to rise at an accelerating rate throughout the 21st century and beyond. Cities in southeast Asia and islands in the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean are also suffering the effects of extreme weather events combined with other factors that increase coastal risk. While short-term extreme events such as hurricanes, El Niños and severe storms come and go and will be more damaging in the short term, sea-level rise is a long-term permanent change of state. However, the effects of sea-level rise are compounded with other hazards, such as increased wave action or a loss of ecosystems. As sea-level rise could lead to the displacement of hundreds of millions of people, this may be one of the greatest challenges that human civilization has ever faced, with associated inundation of major cities, loss of coastal infrastructure, increased saltwater intrusion and damage to coastal aquifers among many other global impacts, as well as geopolitical and legal implications. While there are several short-term responses or adaptation options, we need to begin to think longer term for both public infrastructure and private development. This article provides an overview of the status on adaptation to climate change in coastal zones.
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Mangroves and coastal topography create economic "safe havens" from tropical storms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15359. [PMID: 34321500 PMCID: PMC8319195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that mangroves protect economic activity in coastal areas. We estimate this protection from mangroves and coastal elevation globally, examining both “direct” and “indirect” exposure events (< 100 km vs. ≥ 100 km distance from a cyclone’s “eye”, respectively). We find that higher elevation (≥ 50 m) or wide mangroves (≥ 10 m seaward width) alone shelter economic activity from indirect cyclone exposure, whereas protection from direct cyclone exposure occurs only in high elevation communities with wide mangroves. Our results reveal that the majority of these “safe havens” are in upper middle-income countries but provide significant benefits to populations in lower middle-income countries.
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Climate Justice Planning in Global South: Applying a Coupled Nature–Human Flood Risk Assessment Framework in a Case for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13152021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developing countries in the global south that contribute less to climate change have suffered greater from its impacts, such as extreme climatic events and disasters compared to developed countries, causing climate justice concerns globally. Ho Chi Minh City has experienced increased intensity and frequency of climate change-induced urban floods, causing socio-economic damage that disturbs their livelihoods while urban populations continue to grow. This study aims to establish a citywide flood risk map to inform risk management in the city and address climate justice locally. This study applied a flood risk assessment framework integrating a coupled nature–human approach and examined the spatial distribution of urban flood hazard and urban flood vulnerability. A flood hazard map was generated using selected morphological and hydro-meteorological indicators. A flood vulnerability map was generated based on a literature review and a social survey weighed by experts’ priorities using the Fuzzy Delphi Method and Analytic Network Process. Vulnerability indicators including demographic characteristics, infrastructure, and land use patterns were used to generate a flood vulnerability map. The results illustrate that almost the entire central and northeastern parts of the city are at high flood risk, whereas the western part is at low flood risk. The findings have implications in urban planning via identifying risk hot spots in order to prioritize resources for mitigating hazards and enhancing community resilience to urban floods.
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45
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UAV-Supported Forest Regeneration: Current Trends, Challenges and Implications. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13132596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Replanting trees helps with avoiding desertification, reducing the chances of soil erosion and flooding, minimizing the risks of zoonotic disease outbreaks, and providing ecosystem services and livelihood to the indigenous people, in addition to sequestering carbon dioxide for mitigating climate change. Consequently, it is important to explore new methods and technologies that are aiming to upscale and fast-track afforestation and reforestation (A/R) endeavors, given that many of the current tree planting strategies are not cost effective over large landscapes, and suffer from constraints associated with time, energy, manpower, and nursery-based seedling production. UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)-supported seed sowing (UAVsSS) can promote rapid A/R in a safe, cost-effective, fast and environmentally friendly manner, if performed correctly, even in otherwise unsafe and/or inaccessible terrains, supplementing the overall manual planting efforts globally. In this study, we reviewed the recent literature on UAVsSS, to analyze the current status of the technology. Primary UAVsSS applications were found to be in areas of post-wildfire reforestation, mangrove restoration, forest restoration after degradation, weed eradication, and desert greening. Nonetheless, low survival rates of the seeds, future forest diversity, weather limitations, financial constraints, and seed-firing accuracy concerns were determined as major challenges to operationalization. Based on our literature survey and qualitative analysis, twelve recommendations—ranging from the need for publishing germination results to linking UAVsSS operations with carbon offset markets—are provided for the advancement of UAVsSS applications.
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Ram MA, Caughlin TT, Roopsind A. Active restoration leads to rapid recovery of aboveground biomass but limited recovery of fish diversity in planted mangrove forests of the North Brazil Shelf. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Ram
- Department of Biology University of Guyana Turkeyen Campus Georgetown Guyana
| | - T. Trevor Caughlin
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise Idaho 83725 U.S.A
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Center for Natural Climate Solutions Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 600 Arlington Virginia 22202 U.S.A
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Lagomasino D, Fatoyinbo T, Castañeda-Moya E, Cook BD, Montesano PM, Neigh CSR, Corp LA, Ott LE, Chavez S, Morton DC. Storm surge and ponding explain mangrove dieback in southwest Florida following Hurricane Irma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4003. [PMID: 34183663 PMCID: PMC8238932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangroves buffer inland ecosystems from hurricane winds and storm surge. However, their ability to withstand harsh cyclone conditions depends on plant resilience traits and geomorphology. Using airborne lidar and satellite imagery collected before and after Hurricane Irma, we estimated that 62% of mangroves in southwest Florida suffered canopy damage, with largest impacts in tall forests (>10 m). Mangroves on well-drained sites (83%) resprouted new leaves within one year after the storm. By contrast, in poorly-drained inland sites, we detected one of the largest mangrove diebacks on record (10,760 ha), triggered by Irma. We found evidence that the combination of low elevation (median = 9.4 cm asl), storm surge water levels (>1.4 m above the ground surface), and hydrologic isolation drove coastal forest vulnerability and were independent of tree height or wind exposure. Our results indicated that storm surge and ponding caused dieback, not wind. Tidal restoration and hydrologic management in these vulnerable, low-lying coastal areas can reduce mangrove mortality and improve resilience to future cyclones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagomasino
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Coastal Studies, East Carolina University, Wanchese, NC USA
| | - Temilola Fatoyinbo
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Edward Castañeda-Moya
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Bruce D. Cook
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Paul M. Montesano
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA ,grid.427409.c0000 0004 0453 291XScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD USA
| | - Christopher S. R. Neigh
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Lawrence A. Corp
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA ,grid.427409.c0000 0004 0453 291XScience Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD USA
| | - Lesley E. Ott
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Selena Chavez
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Douglas C. Morton
- grid.133275.10000 0004 0637 6666Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
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48
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Mapping National Mangrove Cover for Belize Using Google Earth Engine and Sentinel-2 Imagery. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the highest-resolution-available (10 m) national map of the mangrove ecosystems of Belize. These important ecosystems are increasingly threatened by human activities and climate change, support both marine and terrestrial biodiversity, and provide critical ecosystem services to coastal communities in Belize and throughout the Mesoamerican Reef ecoregion. Previous national- and international-level inventories document Belizean mangrove forests at spatial resolutions of 30 m or coarser, but many mangrove patches and loss events may be too small to be accurately mapped at these resolutions. Our 10 m map addresses this need for a finer-scale national mangrove inventory. We mapped mangrove ecosystems in Belize as of 2020 by performing a random forest classification of Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument imagery in Google Earth Engine. We mapped a total mangrove area of 578.54 km2 in 2020, with 372.04 km2 located on the mainland and 206.50 km2 distributed throughout the country’s islands and cayes. Our findings are substantially different from previous, coarser-resolution national mangrove inventories of Belize, which emphasizes the importance of high-resolution mapping efforts for ongoing conservation efforts.
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49
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Seddon N, Smith A, Smith P, Key I, Chausson A, Girardin C, House J, Srivastava S, Turner B. Getting the message right on nature-based solutions to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1518-1546. [PMID: 33522071 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NbS)-solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature-have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach that can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well-designed NbS can deliver multiple benefits for people and nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting for carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns that this is distracting from the need to rapidly phase out use of fossil fuels and protect existing intact ecosystems. There are also concerns that the expansion of forestry framed as a climate change mitigation solution is coming at the cost of carbon rich and biodiverse native ecosystems and local resource rights. Here, we discuss the promise and pitfalls of the NbS framing and its current political traction, and we present recommendations on how to get the message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners and researchers to consider the synergies and trade-offs associated with NbS and to follow four guiding principles to enable NbS to provide sustainable benefits to society: (1) NbS are not a substitute for the rapid phase out of fossil fuels; (2) NbS involve a wide range of ecosystems on land and in the sea, not just forests; (3) NbS are implemented with the full engagement and consent of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in a way that respects their cultural and ecological rights; and (4) NbS should be explicitly designed to provide measurable benefits for biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will we design robust and resilient NbS that address the urgent challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, sustaining nature and people together, now and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Seddon
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alison Smith
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Isabel Key
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre Chausson
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cécile Girardin
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jo House
- Cabot Institute for the Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Beth Turner
- Nature-based Solutions Initiative, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département Des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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50
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Shoreline Solutions: Guiding Efficient Data Selection for Coastal Risk Modeling and the Design of Adaptation Interventions. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Caribbean is affected by climate change due to an increase in the variability, frequency, and intensity of extreme weather events. When coupled with sea level rise (SLR), poor urban development design, and loss of habitats, severe flooding often impacts the coastal zone. In order to protect citizens and adapt to a changing climate, national and local governments need to investigate their coastal vulnerability and climate change risks. To assess flood and inundation risk, some of the critical data are topography, bathymetry, and socio-economic. We review the datasets available for these parameters in Jamaica (and specifically Old Harbour Bay) and assess their pros and cons in terms of resolution and costs. We then examine how their use can affect the evaluation of the number of people and the value of infrastructure flooded in a typical sea level rise/flooding assessment. We find that there can be more than a three-fold difference in the estimate of people and property flooded under 3m SLR. We present an inventory of available environmental and economic datasets for modeling storm surge/SLR impacts and ecosystem-based coastal protection benefits at varying scales. We emphasize the importance of the careful selection of the appropriately scaled data for use in models that will inform climate adaptation planning, especially when considering sea level rise, in the coastal zone. Without a proper understanding of data needs and limitations, project developers and decision-makers overvalue investments in adaptation science which do not necessarily translate into effective adaptation implementation. Applying these datasets to estimate sea level rise and storm surge in an adaptation project in Jamaica, we found that less costly and lower resolution data and models provide up to three times lower coastal risk estimates than more expensive data and models, indicating that investments in better resolution digital elevation mapping (DEM) data are needed for targeted local-level decisions. However, we also identify that, with this general rule of thumb in mind, cost-effective, national data can be used by planners in the absence of high-resolution data to support adaptation action planning, possibly saving critical climate adaptation budgets for project implementation.
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