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Babbo CCR, Mellet J, van Rensburg J, Pillay S, Horn AR, Nakwa FL, Velaphi SC, Kali GTJ, Coetzee M, Masemola MYK, Ballot DE, Pepper MS. Neonatal encephalopathy due to suspected hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: pathophysiology, current, and emerging treatments. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00836-9. [PMID: 39237728 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) due to suspected hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), referred to as NESHIE, is a clinical diagnosis in late preterm and term newborns. It occurs as a result of impaired cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery during the peripartum period and is used until other causes of NE have been discounted and HIE is confirmed. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only evidence-based and clinically approved treatment modality for HIE. However, the limited efficacy and uncertain benefits of TH in some low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) and the associated need for intensive monitoring have prompted investigations into more accessible and effective stand-alone or additive treatment options. DATA SOURCES This review describes the rationale and current evidence for alternative treatments in the context of the pathophysiology of HIE based on literatures from Pubmed and other online sources of published data. RESULTS The underlining mechanisms of neurotoxic effect, current clinically approved treatment, various categories of emerging treatments and clinical trials for NE are summarized in this review. Melatonin, caffeine citrate, autologous cord blood stem cells, Epoetin alfa and Allopurinal are being tested as potential neuroprotective agents currently. CONCLUSION This review describes the rationale and current evidence for alternative treatments in the context of the pathophysiology of HIE. Neuroprotective agents are currently only being investigated in high- and middle-income settings. Results from these trials will need to be interpreted and validated in LMIC settings. The focus of future research should therefore be on the development of inexpensive, accessible monotherapies and should include LMICs, where the highest burden of NESHIE exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Corte-Real Babbo
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Room 5-64, Level 5, Pathology Building, 15 Bophelo Road (Cnr. Steve Biko and Dr. Savage Streets), Prinshof Campus, Gezina, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Juanita Mellet
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Room 5-64, Level 5, Pathology Building, 15 Bophelo Road (Cnr. Steve Biko and Dr. Savage Streets), Prinshof Campus, Gezina, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeanne van Rensburg
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Room 5-64, Level 5, Pathology Building, 15 Bophelo Road (Cnr. Steve Biko and Dr. Savage Streets), Prinshof Campus, Gezina, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shakti Pillay
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Neonatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Neonatal Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alan Richard Horn
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Neonatology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Neonatal Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Firdose Lambey Nakwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sithembiso Christopher Velaphi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Melantha Coetzee
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Division of Neonatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mogomane Yvonne Khomotso Masemola
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daynia Elizabeth Ballot
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael Sean Pepper
- SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Pretoria, Room 5-64, Level 5, Pathology Building, 15 Bophelo Road (Cnr. Steve Biko and Dr. Savage Streets), Prinshof Campus, Gezina, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Mintoft A, Vallatos A, Robertson NJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell therapy for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Future directions for combination therapy with hypothermia and/or melatonin. Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151929. [PMID: 38902120 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a leading cause of neonatal mortality and lifelong disability across the world. While therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is beneficial, it is only partially protective and adjuvant treatments that further improve outcomes are urgently needed. In high-income countries where HT is standard care, novel treatments are tested in conjunction with HT. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a paradigm shift in brain protection, uniquely adapting to the host cellular microenvironment. MSC have low immunogenicity and potent paracrine effects stimulating the host tissue repair and regeneration and reducing inflammation and apoptosis. Preclinical studies in perinatal brain injury suggest that MSC are beneficial after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and most preclinical studies of MSC with HT show protection. Preclinical and early phase clinical trials have shown that allogenic administration of MSC to neonates with perinatal stroke and HIE is safe and feasible but further safety and efficacy studies of HT with MSC in these populations are needed. Combination therapies that target all stages of the evolution of injury after HI (eg HT, melatonin and MSC) show promise for improving outcomes in HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mintoft
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antoine Vallatos
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Yang M, Wang K, Liu B, Shen Y, Liu G. Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Pathogenesis and Promising Therapies. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04398-9. [PMID: 39073530 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a brain lesion caused by inadequate blood supply and oxygen deprivation, often occurring in neonates. It has emerged as a grave complication of neonatal asphyxia, leading to chronic neurological damage. Nevertheless, the precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HIE are not entirely understood. This paper aims to comprehensively elucidate the contributions of hypoxia-ischemia, reperfusion injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, ferroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis to the onset and progression of HIE. Currently, hypothermia therapy stands as the sole standard treatment for neonatal HIE, albeit providing only partial neuroprotection. Drug therapy and stem cell therapy have been explored in the treatment of HIE, exhibiting certain neuroprotective effects. Employing drug therapy or stem cell therapy as adjunctive treatments to hypothermia therapy holds great significance. This article presents a systematic review of the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of HIE, with the goal of enhancing the effect of treatment and improving the quality of life for HIE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224500, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Boya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226001, P. R. China.
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224500, P. R. China.
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Penny TR, Jenkin G, Miller SL, McDonald CA. Umbilical cord blood derived cell expansion: a potential neuroprotective therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:234. [PMID: 39075614 PMCID: PMC11287950 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of beneficial stem and progenitor cells with known angiogenic, neuroregenerative and immune-modulatory properties. Preclinical studies have highlighted the benefit of UCB for a broad range of conditions including haematological conditions, metabolic disorders and neurological conditions, however clinical translation of UCB therapies is lacking. One barrier for clinical translation is inadequate cell numbers in some samples meaning that often a therapeutic dose cannot be achieved. This is particularly important when treating adults or when administering repeat doses of cells. To overcome this, UCB cell expansion is being explored to increase cell numbers. The current focus of UCB cell expansion is CD34+ haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for which the main application is treatment of haematological conditions. Currently there are 36 registered clinical trials that are examining the efficacy of expanded UCB cells with 31 of these being for haematological malignancies. Early data from these trials suggest that expanded UCB cells are a safe and feasible treatment option and show greater engraftment potential than unexpanded UCB. Outside of the haematology research space, expanded UCB has been trialled as a therapy in only two preclinical studies, one for spinal cord injury and one for hind limb ischemia. Proteomic analysis of expanded UCB cells in these studies showed that the cells were neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and angiogenic. These findings are also supported by in vitro studies where expanded UCB CD34+ cells showed increased gene expression of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors compared to unexpanded CD34+ cells. Preclinical evidence demonstrates that unexpanded CD34+ cells are a promising therapy for neurological conditions where they have been shown to improve multiple indices of injury in rodent models of stroke, Parkinson's disease and neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury. This review will highlight the current application of expanded UCB derived HSCs in transplant medicine, and also explore the potential use of expanded HSCs as a therapy for neurological conditions. It is proposed that expanded UCB derived CD34+ cells are an appropriate cellular therapy for a range of neurological conditions in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla R Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney A McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Akat A, Karaöz E. A systematic review of cell therapy modalities and outcomes in cerebral palsy. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05072-3. [PMID: 39033213 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is widely recognized as a condition that results in significant physical and cognitive disabilities. Interventions aim to improve the quality of life and reduce disability. Despite numerous treatments and significant advancements, cerebral palsy remains incurable due to its diverse origins. This review evaluated clinical trials, studies, and case reports on various cell therapy approaches for cerebral palsy. It assessed the clinical outcomes of applying different cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, neural stem/progenitor cells, macrophages, and mononuclear cells derived from peripheral blood, cord blood, and bone marrow. In 60 studies involving 1474 CP patients, six major adverse events (0.41%) and 485 mild adverse events (32.9%) were reported. Favorable therapeutic effects were observed in 54 out of 60 cell therapy trials, indicating a promising potential for cell treatments in cerebral palsy. Intrathecal MSC and BM-MNC applications revealed therapeutic benefits, with MSC studies being generally safer than other cell therapies. However, MSC and BM-MNC trials have shown inconsistent results, with some demonstrating superior efficacy for certain outcomes. Cell dosage, transplantation route, and frequency of administration can affect the efficacy of these therapies. Our findings highlight the promise of cell therapies for improving cerebral palsy treatment and stress the need for ongoing research to refine treatment protocols and enhance safety. To establish conclusive evidence on the comparative effectiveness of various cell types in treating cerebral palsy, randomized, double-blind clinical trials are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayberk Akat
- Yıldız Technical University, Davutpaşa Caddesi No.127, Esenler, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Liv Hospital Ulus, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xiao QX, Geng MJ, Sun YF, Pi Y, Xiong LL. Stem Cell Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy: a Bibliometric Analysis and New Strategy. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4538-4564. [PMID: 38102517 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03848-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify related scientific outputs and emerging topics of stem cells in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) and cerebral palsy (CP) through bibliometrics and literature review. All relevant publications on stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP were screened from websites and analyzed research trends. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were applied to visualize and quantitatively analyze the published literature to provide objective presentation and prediction. In addition, the clinical trials, published articles, and projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China associated with stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP were summarized. A total of 294 publications were associated with stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. Most publications and citations came from the USA and China. Monash University and University Medical Center Utrecht produced the most publications. Pediatric research published the most studies on stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. Heijnen C and Kavelaars A published the most articles. Cluster analyses show that current research trend is more inclined toward the repair mechanism and clinical translation of stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. By summarizing various studies of stem cells in NHIE and CP, it is indicated that this research direction is a hot topic at present. Furthermore, organoid transplantation, as an emerging and new therapeutic approach, brings new hope for the treatment of NHIE and CP. This study comprehensively summarized and analyzed the research trend of global stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP. It has shown a marked increase in stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP research. In the future, more efforts will be made on exploring stem cell or organoid therapy for NHIE and CP and more valuable related mechanisms of action to achieve clinical translation as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Min-Jian Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, 637000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Fei Sun
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Pi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Li X, Li M, Qin X, Li Y, Wang Y, Han C, Ni S, Sun X, Dong P, Liu J. Providing holistic care to children with cerebral palsy treated with transnasal neural stem cell transplantation. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1297563. [PMID: 38250587 PMCID: PMC10796742 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1297563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Holistic care is a key element in nursing care. Aiming at the heterogeneous disease of cerebral palsy, researchers focused on children with cerebral palsy who received transnasal transplantation of neural stem cells as a specific group. Based on establishing a multidisciplinary team, comprehensive care is carried out for this type of patient during the perioperative period to improve the effectiveness and safety of clinical research and increase the comfort of children. Methods Between January 2018 and June 2023, 22 children with cerebral palsy underwent three transnasal transplants of neural stem cells. Results No adverse reactions related to immune rejection were observed in the 22 children during hospitalization and follow-up. All children tolerated the treatment well, and the treatment was superior. One child developed nausea and vomiting after sedation; three had a small amount of bleeding of nasal mucosa after transplantation. Two children had a low fever (≤38.5°C), and one had a change in the type and frequency of complex partial seizures. Moreover, 3 children experienced patch shedding within 4 h of patch implantation into the nasal cavity. Conclusion The project team adopted nasal stem cell transplantation technology. Based on the characteristics of transnasal transplantation of neural stem cells in the treatment of neurological diseases in children, a comprehensive and novel holistic care plan is proposed. It is of great significance to guide caregivers of children to complete proper care, further improve the safety and effectiveness of treatment, and reduce the occurrence of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xixian Qin
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yachen Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao Han
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiwei Ni
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xuna Sun
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Peipei Dong
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Lehnerer V, Roidl A, Romantsik O, Guzman R, Wellmann S, Bruschettini M. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in perinatal arterial ischemic stroke: systematic review of preclinical studies. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:18-33. [PMID: 35906311 PMCID: PMC10798891 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) is a neurologic disorder leading to long-term complications. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic agent. This systematic review aims to determine the effects of stem cell-based interventions for the treatment of PAIS in preclinical studies. METHODS We included all controlled studies on MSCs in neonatal animals with PAIS. Functional outcome was the primary outcome. The literature search was performed in February 2021. RESULTS In the 20 included studies, MSCs were most frequently delivered via intracerebral injection (n = 9), 3 days after the induction of PAIS (n = 8), at a dose ranging from 5 × 104 to 5 × 106 cells. The meta-analysis showed an improvement on the cylinder rearing test (MD: -10.62; 95% CI: -14.38 to -6.86) and on the water maze test (MD: 1.31 MD; 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.81) in animals treated with MSCs compared to the control group animals. CONCLUSION MSCs appear to improve sensorimotor and cognitive performance in PAIS-injured animals; however, the certainty of the evidence is low. Registration of the protocol of preclinical studies, appropriate sample size calculation, rigorous randomization, and reporting of the data on animal sex and survival are warranted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021239642. IMPACT This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies investigating the effects of MSCs in an experimental model of PAIS. MSCs appear to improve sensorimotor and cognitive performance in PAIS-injured neonatal animals. The certainty of the evidence is low due to high or unclear risk of bias in most domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Lehnerer
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna Roidl
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olga Romantsik
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Wellmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO) at the Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Bruschettini
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Paediatrics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Nagamura-Inoue T, Nagamura F. Umbilical cord blood and cord tissue banking as somatic stem cell resources to support medical cell modalities. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:59. [PMID: 38053217 PMCID: PMC10696687 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (CB) and umbilical cord tissue (UC) are attractive sources of somatic stem cells for gene and cell therapies. CB and UC can be obtained noninvasively from donors. CB, a known source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation, has attracted attention as a new source of immune cells, including universal chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy (CAR-T) and, more recently, universal CAR-natural killer cells. UC-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) have a higher proliferation potency than those derived from adult tissues and can be used anon-HLA restrictively. UC-MSCs meet the MSC criteria outlined by the International Society of Gene and Cellular Therapy. UC-MSCs are negative for HLA-DR, CD80, and CD86 and have an immunosuppressive ability that mitigates the proliferation of activated lymphocytes through secreting indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and prostaglandin E2, and the expression of PD-L2 and PD-L1. We established the off-the-shelf cord blood/cord bank IMSUT CORD to support novel cell therapy modalities, including the CB-derived immune cells, MSCs, MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles, biological carriers loaded with chemotherapy drugs, prodrug, oncolytic viruses, nanoparticles, human artificial chromosome, combinational products with a scaffold, bio3D printing, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- IMSUT CORD, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Nagamura
- IMSUT CORD, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Advanced Medicine Promotion, The Advanced Clinical Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Turner MJ, Dietz RM. Potential Adjuncts to Therapeutic Hypothermia to Mitigate Multiorgan Injury in Perinatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Neoreviews 2023; 24:e771-e782. [PMID: 38036441 DOI: 10.1542/neo.24-12-e771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades, therapeutic hypothermia has become the standard of care to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates affected by moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). There is a significant interest in improving the neurologic outcomes of neonatal HIE, ranging from adjunctive therapy to therapeutic hypothermia. Importantly, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HIE also affect multiple other organs, contributing to high morbidity and mortality in this patient population. This review focuses on the adjunct therapies currently under investigation to mitigate the impact of hypoxic-ischemic injury on the brain, kidneys, liver, heart, and gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Pediatrics, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO
| | - Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Zhou J, Gao T, Tang W, Qian T, Wang Z, Xu P, Wang L. Progress in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells. Brain Dev 2023; 45:533-546. [PMID: 37806836 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common disease among newborns, which is a leading cause of neonatal death and permanent neurological sequelae. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only method for the treatment of HIE that has been recognized effective clinically at home and abroad, but the efficacy is limited. Recent research suggests that the cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs), which the refer to blood cells containing one nucleus in the cord blood, exert anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects and play a neuroprotective role in HIE. This review focuses on safety and efficacy, the route of administration, dose, timing and combination treatment of CB-MNCs in HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Ting Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Wan Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Tianyang Qian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Pu Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Laishuan Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China.
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12
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Korf JM, McCullough LD, Caretti V. A narrative review on treatment strategies for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1552-1571. [PMID: 37692539 PMCID: PMC10485647 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) represents a significant achievement in the translation of scientific research to clinical application, but it is currently the only neuroprotective treatment for HIE. This review aims to revisit the use of TH for HIE and its longitudinal impact on patient outcomes to readers new to the field of HIE. We discuss how emerging therapies address the broader pathophysiology of injury progression in the neonatal brain days to years after HIE. Methods We included full articles and book chapters published in English on PubMed with references to "hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy", "birth asphyxia", "therapeutic hypothermia", or "neonatal encephalopathy". We limited our review to outcomes on term infants and to new therapeutics that are in the second phase of clinical trials. Key Content and Findings Despite the use of TH for HIE, mortality remains high. Analysis of longitudinal studies reveals a high incidence of ongoing disability even with the implementation of TH. New therapeutics addressing the secondary phase and the less understood tertiary phase of brain injury are in clinical trials as adjunctive treatments to TH to support additional neurological repair and regeneration. Conclusions TH successfully improves outcomes after HIE, and it continues to be optimized. Larger studies are needed to understand its use in mild cases of HIE and if certain factors, such as sex, affect long term outcomes. TH primarily acts in the initial phases of injury, while new pharmaceutical therapies target additional injury pathways into the tertiary phases of injury. This may allow for more effective approaches to treatment and improvement of long-term functional outcomes after HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M. Korf
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viola Caretti
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Huang F, He Y, Zhang M, Luo K, Li J, Li J, Zhang X, Dong X, Tang J. Progress in Research on Stem Cells in Neonatal Refractory Diseases. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1281. [PMID: 37623531 PMCID: PMC10455340 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and progress of medical technology, the survival rate of premature and low-birth-weight infants has increased, as has the incidence of a variety of neonatal diseases, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity. These diseases cause severe health conditions with poor prognoses, and existing control methods are ineffective for such diseases. Stem cells are a special type of cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential, and their mechanisms mainly include anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, reducing oxidative stress, and boosting regeneration. Their paracrine effects can affect the microenvironment in which they survive, thereby affecting the biological characteristics of other cells. Due to their unique abilities, stem cells have been used in treating various diseases. Therefore, stem cell therapy may open up the possibility of treating such neonatal diseases. This review summarizes the research progress on stem cells and exosomes derived from stem cells in neonatal refractory diseases to provide new insights for most researchers and clinicians regarding future treatments. In addition, the current challenges and perspectives in stem cell therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Huang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Keren Luo
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Huang P, Qin X, Fan C, Wang M, Chen F, Liao M, Zhong H, Wang H, Ma L. Comparison of Biological Characteristics of Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Extremely Preterm and Term Infants. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023:10.1007/s13770-023-00538-9. [PMID: 37249837 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the progress in perinatal-neonatal medicine, complications of extremely preterm infants continue to constitute the major adverse outcomes in neonatal intensive care unit. Human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) may offer new hope for the treatment of intractable neonatal disorders. This study will explore the functional differences of HUMSCs between extremely preterm and term infants. METHODS UMSCs from 5 extremely preterm infants(weeks of gestation: 22+5 w,24+4 w,25+3 w,26 w,28 w) and 2 term infants(39 w,39+2 w) were isolated, and mesenchymal markers, pluripotent genes, proliferation rate were analyzed. HUVECs were injured by treated with LPS and repaired by co-cultured with HUMSCs of different gestational ages. RESULTS All HUMSCs showed fibroblast-like adherence to plastic and positively expressed surface marker of CD105,CD73 and CD90, but did not expressed CD45,CD34,CD14,CD79a and HLA-DR; HUMSCs in extremely preterm exhibited significant increase in proliferation as evidenced by CCK8, pluripotency markers OCT-4 tested by RT-PCR also showed increase. Above all, in LPS induced co-cultured inflame systerm, HUMSCs in extremely preterm were more capable to promote wound healing and tube formation in HUVEC cultures, they promoted TGFβ1 expression and inhibited IL6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HUMSCs from extremely preterm infants may be more suitable as candidates in cell therapy for the preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518038, China
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Chuiqin Fan
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518038, China
| | - Manna Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Women and Children's Medical Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affifiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Fuyi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Women and Children's Medical Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affifiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Maochuan Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Huifeng Zhong
- Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Lian Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenzhen, 518038, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Women and Children's Medical Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The Third Affifiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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15
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Tung S, Delavogia E, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of the stem cell secretome in neonatal diseases. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151730. [PMID: 36990921 PMCID: PMC10133192 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth and intrapartum related complications account for a substantial amount of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period despite significant advancements in neonatal-perinatal care. Currently, there is a noticeable lack of curative or preventative therapies available for any of the most common complications of prematurity including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and retinopathy of prematurity or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the main cause of perinatal brain injury in term infants. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived therapy has been an active area of investigation for the past decade and has demonstrated encouraging results in multiple experimental models of neonatal disease. It is now widely acknowledged that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells exert their therapeutic effects via their secretome, with the principal vector identified as extracellular vesicles. This review will focus on summarizing the current literature and investigations on mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a treatment for neonatal diseases and examine the considerations to their application in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eleni Delavogia
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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16
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Purcell E, Nguyen T, Smith M, Penny T, Paton MCB, Zhou L, Jenkin G, Miller SL, McDonald CA, Malhotra A. Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cell Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:125-139. [PMID: 36847059 PMCID: PMC10021495 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously described preclinical literature which supports umbilical cord blood-derived cell (UCBC) therapy as an efficacious treatment for perinatal brain injury. However, efficacy of UCBCs may be influenced by different patient population and intervention characteristics. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the effects of UCBCs on brain outcomes in animal models of perinatal brain injury across subgroups to better understand the contribution of model type (preterm versus term), brain injury type, UCB cell type, route of administration, timing of intervention, cell dosage, and number of doses. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed to identify studies using UCBC therapy in animal models of perinatal brain injury. Subgroup differences were measured by chi2 test where possible. RESULTS Differential benefits of UCBCs were seen across a number of subgroup analyses including intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) vs. hypoxia ischemia (HI) model (apoptosis white matter (WM): chi2 = 4.07; P = .04, neuroinflammation-TNF-α: chi2 = 5.99; P = .01), UCB-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) vs. UCB-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) (oligodendrocyte WM: chi2 = 5.01; P = .03, neuroinflammation-TNF-α: chi2 = 3.93; P = .05, apoptosis grey matter (GM), astrogliosis WM), and intraventricular/intrathecal vs. systemic routes of administration (microglial activation GM: chi2 = 7.51; P = .02, astrogliosis WM: chi2 = 12.44; P = .002). We identified a serious risk of bias and overall low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical evidence suggests UCBCs to show greater efficacy in the injury model of IVH compared to HI, the use of UCB-MSCs compared to UCB-MNCs and the use of local administrative routes compared to systemic routes in animal models of perinatal brain injury. Further research is needed to improve certainty of evidence and address knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madeleine Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tayla Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Madison C B Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, & Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsay Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Atul Malhotra
- Corresponding author: Atul Malhotra, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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17
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Nguyen T, Purcell E, Smith MJ, Penny TR, Paton MCB, Zhou L, Jenkin G, Miller SL, McDonald CA, Malhotra A. Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cell Therapy for Perinatal Brain Injury: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054351. [PMID: 36901781 PMCID: PMC10001969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury is a major contributor to long-term adverse neurodevelopment. There is mounting preclinical evidence for use of umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived cell therapy as potential treatment. To systematically review and analyse effects of UCB-derived cell therapy on brain outcomes in preclinical models of perinatal brain injury. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies. Brain injury outcomes were extracted for meta-analysis to calculate standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), using an inverse variance, random effects model. Outcomes were separated based on grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) regions where applicable. Risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE, and GRADE was used to summarise certainty of evidence. Fifty-five eligible studies were included (7 large, 48 small animal models). UCB-derived cell therapy significantly improved outcomes across multiple domains, including decreased infarct size (SMD 0.53; 95% CI (0.32, 0.74), p < 0.00001), apoptosis (WM, SMD 1.59; 95%CI (0.86, 2.32), p < 0.0001), astrogliosis (GM, SMD 0.56; 95% CI (0.12, 1.01), p = 0.01), microglial activation (WM, SMD 1.03; 95% CI (0.40, 1.66), p = 0.001), neuroinflammation (TNF-α, SMD 0.84; 95%CI (0.44, 1.25), p < 0.0001); as well as improved neuron number (SMD 0.86; 95% CI (0.39, 1.33), p = 0.0003), oligodendrocyte number (GM, SMD 3.35; 95 %CI (1.00, 5.69), p = 0.005) and motor function (cylinder test, SMD 0.49; 95 %CI (0.23, 0.76), p = 0.0003). Risk of bias was determined as serious, and overall certainty of evidence was low. UCB-derived cell therapy is an efficacious treatment in pre-clinical models of perinatal brain injury, however findings are limited by low certainty of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Nguyen
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Elisha Purcell
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Madeleine J. Smith
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Tayla R. Penny
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Madison C. B. Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute & Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsay Zhou
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Suzanne L. Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Courtney A. McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence:
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18
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Okazaki K, Nakamura S, Koyano K, Konishi Y, Kondo M, Kusaka T. Neonatal asphyxia as an inflammatory disease: Reactive oxygen species and cytokines. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1070743. [PMID: 36776908 PMCID: PMC9911547 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatologists resuscitate asphyxiated neonates by every available means, including positive ventilation, oxygen therapy, and drugs. Asphyxiated neonates sometimes present symptoms that mimic those of inflammation, such as fever and edema. The main pathophysiology of the asphyxia is inflammation caused by hypoxic-ischemic reperfusion. At birth or in the perinatal period, neonates may suffer several, hypoxic insults, which can activate inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediator production leading to the release of larger quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This in turn triggers the production of oxygen stress-induced high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), an endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) protein bound to toll-like receptor (TLR) -4, which activates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), resulting in the production of excess inflammatory mediators. ROS and inflammatory mediators are produced not only in activated inflammatory cells but also in non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells. Hypothermia inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators. A combination therapy of hypothermia and medications, such as erythropoietin and melatonin, is attracting attention now. These medications have both anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. As the inflammatory response and oxidative stress play a critical role in the pathophysiology of neonatal asphyxia, these drugs may contribute to improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Okazaki
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Maternal Perinatal Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kondo
- Department of Neonatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Kocabiyik B, Gumus E, Abas BI, Anik A, Cevik O. Human wharton-jelly mesenchymal stromal cells reversed apoptosis and prevented multi-organ damage in a newborn model of experimental asphyxia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 42:3568-3576. [PMID: 36638075 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2158318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of applying wharton jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSC) isolated from the human umbilical cord tissue on the neonatal mouse model caused experimental asphyxia in mice was investigated. WJ-MSC surface markers (CD44, CD90, CD105) were characterised by immunofluorescence staining, and pluripotency genes (Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2) were characterised by qPCR. Blood, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, lung, heart, kidney, and liver tissues were analysed twenty days after subcutaneously administered WJ-MSC. WJ-MSC administration significantly decreased serum TNF-α, NSE, GFAP, and IL-6 levels in the asphyxia mice. It was determined that WJ-MSC application in tissues accelerated cell regeneration and decreased oxidative stress. In conclusion, this study showed that multiorgan damage in asphyxia could be prevented by applying WJ-MSC at an early stage. Therefore, WJ-MSC application in infants with neonatal asphyxia in the clinic may be an innovative method in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Kocabiyik
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Erkan Gumus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Burcin Irem Abas
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ayse Anik
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ozge Cevik
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Ovcjak A, Pontello R, Miller SP, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Hypothermia combined with neuroprotective adjuvants shortens the duration of hospitalization in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1037131. [PMID: 36686686 PMCID: PMC9853207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1037131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the current standard of care for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), yet morbidity and mortality remain significant. Adjuvant neuroprotective agents have been suggested to augment hypothermic-mediated neuroprotection. This analysis aims to identify the classes of drugs that have been used in combination with hypothermia in the treatment of neonatal HIE and determine whether combination therapy is more efficacious than TH alone. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Medline from conception through December 2022 was conducted. Randomized- and quasi-randomized controlled trials, observational studies and retrospective studies evaluating HIE infants treated with combination therapy versus TH alone were selected. Primary reviewers extracted information on mortality, neurodevelopmental impairment and length of hospitalization for meta-analyses. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model and measured as odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) where applicable, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Risk of bias was assessed using the tool from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: The search strategy collected 519 studies, 16 of which met analysis inclusion criteria. HIE infants totaled 1,288 infants from included studies, 646 infants received some form of combination therapy, while 642 received TH alone. GABA receptor agonists, NMDA receptor antagonists, neurogenic and angiogenic agents, stem cells, glucocorticoids and antioxidants were identified as candidate adjuvants to TH that have been evaluated in clinical settings compared to TH alone. Length of hospitalization was significantly reduced in infants treated with combination therapy (MD -4.81, 95% CI [-8.42. to -1.19], p = .009) compared to those treated with TH alone. Risk of mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment did not differ between combination therapy and TH alone groups. Conclusion: Compared to the current standard of care, administration of neuroprotective adjuvants with TH reduced the duration of hospitalization but did not impact the risk of mortality or neurodevelopmental impairment in HIE infants. Meta-analysis was limited by a moderate risk of bias among included studies and small sample sizes. This analysis highlights the need for preclinical trials to conduct drug development studies in hypothermic settings to identify relevant molecular targets that may offer additive or synergistic neuroprotection to TH, and the need for larger powered clinical trials to determine the dose and timing of administration at which maximal clinical benefits are observed for adjuvant neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ovcjak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Riley Pontello
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steve P. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Serrenho I, Cardoso CM, Grãos M, Dinis A, Manadas B, Baltazar G. Hypothermia Does Not Boost the Neuroprotection Promoted by Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in a Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010257. [PMID: 36613698 PMCID: PMC9820288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in the perinatal period. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care for this condition with modest efficacy and strict enrollment criteria. Therapy with umbilical cord blood cells (UCBC) has come forward as a strong candidate for the treatment of neonatal HIE, but no preclinical studies have yet compared the action of UCBC combined with hypothermia (HT) with the action of each therapy by itself. Thus, to evaluate the potential of each therapeutic approach, a hypoxic-ischemic brain lesion was induced in postnatal day ten rat pups; two hours later, HT was applied for 4 h; and 24, 48, and 72 h post-injury, UCBC were administered intravenously. The neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury led to a brain lesion involving about 48% of the left hemisphere that was not improved by HT (36%) or UCBC alone (28%), but only with the combined therapies (25%; p = 0.0294). Moreover, a decrease in glial reactivity and improved functional outcomes were observed in both groups treated with UCBC. Overall, these results support UCBC as a successful therapeutic approach for HIE, even when treatment with therapeutic hypothermia is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Serrenho
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mário Grãos
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Biocant, Technology Transfer Association, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Dinis
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Graça Baltazar
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (G.B.)
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22
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Wellmann S. Stem-cell therapy in neonates - an option? J Perinat Med 2022:jpm-2022-0507. [PMID: 36480466 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the fast-growing field of regenerative medicine stem-cell therapy is well established in various hematologic and immunologic diseases and has received a recent substantial boost from the introduction of gene editing and gene transfer technologies. In neonates, for example, regenerative medicine may benefit those with congenital or acquired disease due to prematurity or perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. We compare and contrast the two main approaches - autologous vs. allogeneic - and summarize the recent advances and applications of interventional stem-cell research in perinatally acquired disorders such as intraventricular hemorrhage, hypoxia-ischemia and stroke. After discussing stem-cell sources and routes of administration, we conclude by highlighting the key opportunities and obstacles in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Wellmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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23
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García-Alix A, Arca G. Stem cells in the horizon of the treatment of the neonatal arterial ischemic infraction. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 97:373-374. [PMID: 36270945 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gemma Arca
- Fundación NeNe, Spain; Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Devyaltovskaya MG, Nikitchanko DY, Potapnev MP, Petyovka NV, Kastsiunina VS. The First Experience of Application the Umbilical Cord-Derived Human Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Rehabilitation Therapy of Premature Infants with Extremely Low Body Weight and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:142-146. [PMID: 36437330 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two clinical cases of the use of cell therapy with umbilical cord-derived autologous mesenchymal stromal cells in the rehabilitation therapy of extremely premature newborns (27-28 weeks gestation, body weights 900 and 870 g, respectively) with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are described. The girls were born by caesarean section; the 1-min Apgar score was 6 points. After resuscitation including artificial ventilation, stabilization of the condition was achieved against the background of the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Rehabilitation therapy included administration of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells harvested at birth. The cells were injected in a dose of 1.6-7 million/kg body weight at the age of 3, 6, 12 months (the first patient) and 3, 6, 9, 15 months (the second patient). Psychoneurological developmental delay was scored using the Hellbrügge scale. Cell therapy induced no significant adverse reactions and improved the psychomotor development of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Devyaltovskaya
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center "Mother and Child", Minsk, Belarus
| | - D Yu Nikitchanko
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center "Mother and Child", Minsk, Belarus
| | - M P Potapnev
- Republican Center for Transfusiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - N V Petyovka
- Republican Center for Transfusiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Minsk, Belarus
| | - V S Kastsiunina
- Republican Center for Transfusiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Minsk, Belarus
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25
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Molloy EJ, El-Dib M, Juul SE, Benders M, Gonzalez F, Bearer C, Wu YW, Robertson NJ, Hurley T, Branagan A, Michael Cotten C, Tan S, Laptook A, Austin T, Mohammad K, Rogers E, Luyt K, Bonifacio S, Soul JS, Gunn AJ. Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in term infants: present and future. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02295-2. [PMID: 36195634 PMCID: PMC10070589 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) have improved since the widespread implementation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in high-resource settings. While TH for NE in term and near-term infants has proven beneficial, 30-50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments. There is therefore a critical need to find additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that improve the outcomes for these children. There are many potential candidates; however, it is unclear whether these interventions have additional benefits when used with TH. Although primary and delayed (secondary) brain injury starting in the latent phase after HI are major contributors to neurodisability, the very late evolving effects of tertiary brain injury likely require different interventions targeting neurorestoration. Clinical trials of seizure management and neuroprotection bundles are needed, in addition to current trials combining erythropoietin, stem cells, and melatonin with TH. IMPACT: The widespread use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) has reduced the associated morbidity and mortality. However, 30-50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments. This review details the pathophysiology of NE along with the evidence for the use of TH and other beneficial neuroprotective strategies used in term infants. We also discuss treatment strategies undergoing evaluation at present as potential adjuvant treatments to TH in NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor J Molloy
- Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Dublin, Ireland. .,Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland. .,Neonatology, CHI at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Neonatology, Coombe Women's and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mohamed El-Dib
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Manon Benders
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, Division of Child Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Bearer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yvonne W Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Hurley
- Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women's and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Branagan
- Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Research in Childhood Centre (TRICC), Dublin, Ireland.,Neonatology, Coombe Women's and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sidhartha Tan
- Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 12267, USA.,Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Abbot Laptook
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Topun Austin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Khorshid Mohammad
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Rogers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen Luyt
- Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Neonatology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Sonia Bonifacio
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 750 Welch Road, Suite 315, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Janet S Soul
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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26
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Rasineni GK, Panigrahy N, Rath SN, Chinnaboina M, Konanki R, Chirla DK, Madduri S. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of the "Omics" in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:498. [PMID: 36290466 PMCID: PMC9598631 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy remain major causes of neonatal mortality, despite the improved availability of diagnostic and therapeutic tools, contributing to neurological and intellectual disabilities worldwide. An approach using a combination of clinical data, neuroimaging, and biochemical parameters is the current strategy towards the improved diagnosis and prognosis of the outcome in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) using bioengineering methods. Traditional biomarkers are of little use in this multifactorial and variable phenotype-presenting clinical condition. Novel systems of biology-based "omics" approaches (genomics, transcriptome proteomics, and metabolomics) may help to identify biomarkers associated with brain and other tissue injuries, predicting the disease severity in HIE. Biomarker studies using omics technologies will likely be a key feature of future neuroprotective treatment methods and will help to assess the successful treatment and long-term efficacy of the intervention. This article reviews the roles of different omics as biomarkers of HIE and outlines the existing knowledge of our current understanding of the clinical use of different omics molecules as novel neonatal brain injury biomarkers, which may lead to improved interventions related to the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Kumar Rasineni
- LCMS Division, Tenet Medcorp Pvt. Ltd., 54 Kineta Towers Road No 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | | | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Madhurarekha Chinnaboina
- LCMS Division, Tenet Medcorp Pvt. Ltd., 54 Kineta Towers Road No 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Ramesh Konanki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chirla
- Department of Neonatology, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Bioengineering and Neuroregeneration, University of Geneva, University Hospital Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Xi Y, Yue G, Gao S, Ju R, Wang Y. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation for perinatal brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:458. [PMID: 36064459 PMCID: PMC9446746 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in full term infants, and white matter injury in premature infants are most known brain injury in perinatal period. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells contain hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, and so on. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells have many biological functions, such as nerve and vascular regeneration, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, and immune regulation. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation has achieved significant efficacy and safety in animal and clinical trials for the treatment of perinatal brain injury. We will review human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells transplantation for perinatal brain injury in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xi
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Guang Yue
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Shuqiang Gao
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Rong Ju
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China. .,Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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28
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García-Alix A, Arca G. Las células madre en el horizonte del tratamiento del infarto arterial cerebral del neonato. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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29
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Combined hypothermia and mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a systematic review. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:25-31. [PMID: 34482377 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to determine the effect of combined hypothermia (HTH) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy (administered during or immediately before or after HTH) compared with HTH alone on brain injury and neurobehavioural outcomes in animal models of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. METHODS Primary outcomes assessed were neuropathological measures and neurobehavioural measures of brain outcome. Secondary outcomes were brain protein proinflammatory cytokine status. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed with the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) ROB assessment tool. RESULTS Of 393 studies identified, 3 studies in postnatal day 7 (P7) male Sprague-Dawley rats met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were undertaken for neuropathological measures (apoptotic cells, astrocytes, microglia), neurobehavioral measures (rotarod test and negative geotaxis), and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Two of the three studies scored low or unclear ROB across all measures. Treatment with HTH-MSCs together significantly improved astrocyte optical density by standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.14, -0.28]. No other measures showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient preclinical data to confirm the efficacy of combined HTH-MSC therapy over HTH alone. Future studies should utilise a reporting checklist such as in SYRCLE or Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines to improve reporting standards. IMPACT Very few articles investigating the use of MSCs for the treatment of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy are clinically relevant. Continuing to publish studies in models of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy without the inclusion of HTH therapy does not progress the field towards improved clinical outcomes. This study shows that HTH and MSC therapy improves measures of astrogliosis. More studies are required to establish the efficacy of HTH and MSCs on measures of neuropathology and neurobehavior. The reporting of preclinical data in this space could be improved by using reporting checklists such as the SYRCLE or ARRIVE tools.
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30
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Baak LM, Wagenaar N, van der Aa NE, Groenendaal F, Dudink J, Tataranno ML, Mahamuud U, Verhage CH, Eijsermans RMJC, Smit LS, Jellema RK, de Haan TR, ter Horst HJ, de Boode WP, Steggerda SJ, Prins HJ, de Haar CG, de Vries LS, van Bel F, Heijnen CJ, Nijboer CH, Benders MJNL. Feasibility and safety of intranasally administered mesenchymal stromal cells after perinatal arterial ischaemic stroke in the Netherlands (PASSIoN): a first-in-human, open-label intervention study. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:528-536. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Zdolińska-Malinowska I, Boruczkowski D, Hołowaty D, Krajewski P, Snarski E. Rationale for the Use of Cord Blood in Hypoxic-Ischaemic Encephalopathy. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9125460. [PMID: 35599846 PMCID: PMC9117076 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9125460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe complication of asphyxia at birth. Therapeutic hypothermia, the standard method for HIE prevention, is effective in only 50% of the cases. As the understanding of the immunological basis of these changes increases, experiments have begun with the use of cord blood (CB) because of its neuroprotective properties. Mechanisms for the neuroprotective effects of CB stem cells include antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory actions, stimulation of angiogenesis, production of trophic factors, and mitochondrial donation. In several animal models of HIE, CB decreased oxidative stress, cell death markers, CD4+ T cell infiltration, and microglial activation; restored normal brain metabolic activity; promoted neurogenesis; improved myelination; and increased the proportion of mature oligodendrocytes, neuron numbers in the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex, and brain weight. These observations translate into motor strength, limb function, gait, and cognitive function and behaviour. In humans, the efficacy and safety of CB administration were reported in a few early clinical studies which confirmed the feasibility and safety of this intervention for up to 10 years. The results of these studies showed an improvement in the developmental outcomes over hypothermia. Two phase-2 clinical studies are ongoing under the United States regulations, namely one controlled study and one blinded study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariusz Boruczkowski
- Polski Bank Komórek Macierzystych S.A. (FamiCord Group), Jana Pawła II 29, 00-86 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Hołowaty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Starynkiewicza Square 1/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Krajewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Starynkiewicza Square 1/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilian Snarski
- Polski Bank Komórek Macierzystych S.A. (FamiCord Group), Jana Pawła II 29, 00-86 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Matsuyama N, Shimizu S, Ueda K, Suzuki T, Suzuki S, Miura R, Katayama A, Ando M, Mizuno M, Hirakawa A, Hayakawa M, Sato Y. Safety and tolerability of a multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cell-based product in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy with therapeutic hypothermia (SHIELD trial): a clinical trial protocol open-label, non-randomised, dose-escalation trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057073. [PMID: 35473726 PMCID: PMC9045108 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important illness associated with death or cerebral palsy. This study aims to assess the safety and tolerability of the allogenic human multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cell (Muse cell)-based product (CL2020) cells in newborns with HIE. This is the first clinical trial of CL2020 cells in neonates. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre, open-label, dose-escalation study enrolling up to 12 patients. Neonates with HIE who receive a course of therapeutic hypothermia therapy, which cools to a body temperature of 33°C-34°C for 72 hours, will be included in this study. A single intravenous injection of CL2020 cells will be administered between 5 and 14 days of age. Subjects in the low-dose and high-dose cohorts will receive 1.5 and 15 million cells per dose, respectively. The primary outcome is the occurrence of any adverse events within 12 weeks after administration. The main secondary outcome is the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition score and the developmental quotient per the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development 2001 at 78 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice. The Nagoya University Hospital Institutional Review Board (No. 312005) approved this study on 13 November 2019. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journal and reported in international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT04261335, jRCT2043190112.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Matsuyama
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinobu Shimizu
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ueda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neonatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Suzuki
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Miura
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akemi Katayama
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ando
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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33
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Zhou L, McDonald C, Yawno T, Jenkin G, Miller S, Malhotra A. Umbilical Cord Blood and Cord Tissue-Derived Cell Therapies for Neonatal Morbidities: Current Status and Future Challenges. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:135-145. [PMID: 35259278 PMCID: PMC8929446 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies are an emerging focus for neonatal research, with benefits documented for neonatal respiratory, neurological, and cardiac conditions in pre-clinical studies. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) and umbilical cord (UC) tissue-derived cell therapy is particularly appealing for preventative or regenerative treatment of neonatal morbidities; they are a resource that can be collected at birth and used as an autologous or allogeneic therapy. Moreover, UCB contains a diverse mix of stem and progenitor cells that demonstrate paracrine actions to mitigate damaging inflammatory, immune, oxidative stress, and cell death pathways in several organ systems. In the past decade, published results from early-phase clinical studies have explored the use of these cells as a therapeutic intervention in neonates. We present a systematic review of published and registered clinical trials of UCB and cord tissue-derived cell therapies for neonatal morbidities. This search yielded 12 completed clinical studies: 7 were open-label phase I and II safety and feasibility trials, 3 were open-label dose-escalation trials, 1 was a open-label placebo-controlled trial, and 1 was a phase II randomized controlled trial. Participants totaled 206 infants worldwide; 123 (60%) were full-term infants and 83 (40%) were preterm. A majority (64.5%) received cells via an intravenous route; however, 54 (26.2%) received cells via intratracheal administration, 10 (4.8%) intraoperative cardiac injection, and 9 (4.3%) by direct intraventricular (brain) injection. Assessment of efficacy to date is limited given completed studies have principally been phase I and II safety studies. A further 24 trials investigating UCB and UC-derived cell therapies in neonates are currently registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Zhou
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Children’s Hospital, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Children’s Hospital, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Abiramalatha T, Ramaswamy VV, Ponnala AK, Kallem VR, Murkunde YV, Punnoose AM, Vivekanandhan A, Pullattayil AK, Amboiram P. Emerging neuroprotective interventions in periventricular leukomalacia: A systematic review of preclinical studies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:305-330. [PMID: 35143732 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a result of various antenatal, intrapartum, or postnatal insults to the developing brain and is an important harbinger of cerebral palsy in preterm neonates. There is no proven therapy for PVL. This calls for appraisal of targeted therapies that have been investigated in animal models to evaluate their relevance in clinical research context. AREAS COVERED This systematic review identifies interventions that were evaluated in preclinical studies for neuroprotective efficacy against PVL. We identified 142 studies evaluating various interventions in PVL animal models. (Search method is detailed in section 2). EXPERT OPINION Interventions that have yielded significant results in preclinical research, and that have been evaluated in a limited number of clinical trials include stem cells, erythropoietin, and melatonin. Many other therapeutic modalities evaluated in preclinical studies have been identified, but more data on their neuroprotective potential in PVL must be garnered before they can be considered for clinical trials. Because most of the tested interventions had only a partial efficacy, a combination of interventions that could be synergistic should be investigated in future preclinical studies. Furthermore, since the nature and pattern of perinatal insults to preterm brain predisposing it to PVL are substantially variable, individualised approaches for the choice of appropriate neuroprotective interventions tailored to different sub-groups of preterm neonates should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj Abiramalatha
- Consultant Neonatologist, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital (KMCH).,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Andelsivj Kumar Ponnala
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFTE), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Yogeshkumar V Murkunde
- Centre for Toxicology and Developmental Research (CEFTE), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Alan Mathew Punnoose
- Department of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Prakash Amboiram
- Department of Neonatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Chaubey S, Bhandari V. Stem cells in neonatal diseases: An overview. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101325. [PMID: 35367186 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth and its common complications are major causes of infant mortality and long-term morbidity. Despite great advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neonatal diseases and improvements in neonatal intensive care, effective therapies for the prevention or treatment for these conditions are still lacking. Stem cell (SC) therapy is rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic tool for several diseases of the newborn with encouraging pre-clinical results that hold promise for translation to the bedside. The utility of different types of SCs in neonatal diseases is being explored. SC therapeutic efficacy is closely associated with its secretome-conditioned media and SC-derived extracellular vesicles, and a subsequent paracrine action in response to tissue injuries. In the current review, we summarize the pre-clinical and clinical studies of SCs and its secretome in diverse preterm and term birth-related diseases, thereby providing new insights for future therapies in neonatal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Chaubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA, 19013, USA.
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Suite Dorrance 755, One Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
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Brégère C, Schwendele B, Radanovic B, Guzman R. Microglia and Stem-Cell Mediated Neuroprotection after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:474-522. [PMID: 34382141 PMCID: PMC8930888 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10213-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) refers to a brain injury in term infants that can lead to death or lifelong neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy (CP). The pathogenesis of this disease involves multiple cellular and molecular events, notably a neuroinflammatory response driven partly by microglia, the brain resident macrophages. Treatment options are currently very limited, but stem cell (SC) therapy holds promise, as beneficial outcomes are reported in animal studies and to a lesser degree in human trials. Among putative mechanisms of action, immunomodulation is considered a major contributor to SC associated benefits. The goal of this review is to examine whether microglia is a cellular target of SC-mediated immunomodulation and whether the recruitment of microglia is linked to brain repair. We will first provide an overview on microglial activation in the rodent model of neonatal HI, and highlight its sensitivity to developmental age. Two complementary questions are then addressed: (i) do immune-related treatments impact microglia and provide neuroprotection, (ii) does stem cell treatment modulates microglia? Finally, the immune-related findings in patients enrolled in SC based clinical trials are discussed. Our review points to an impact of SCs on the microglial phenotype, but heterogeneity in experimental designs and methodological limitations hamper our understanding of a potential contribution of microglia to SC associated benefits. Thorough analyses of the microglial phenotype are warranted to better address the relevance of the neuroimmune crosstalk in brain repair and improve or advance the development of SC protocols in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Brégère
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schwendele
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Boris Radanovic
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Biomedicine and Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Damianos A, Xu K, Kalin GT, Kalinichenko VV. Placental tissue stem cells and their role in neonatal diseases. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101322. [PMID: 34953760 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal diseases such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, diseases of prematurity and congenital disorders carry increased morbidity and mortality. Despite technological advancements, their incidence remains largely unabated. Stem cell (SC) interventions are novel therapies in the neonatal world. In pre-clinical models of neonatal diseases, SC applications have shown encouraging results. SC sources vary, with the bone marrow being the most utilized. However, the ability to harvest bone marrow SCs from neonates is limited. Placental-tissue derived SCs (PTSCs), provide an alternative and highly attractive source. Human placentas, the cornerstone of fetal survival, are abundant with such cells. Comparing to adult pools, PTSCs exhibit increased potency, decreased immunogenicity and stronger anti-inflammatory effects. Several types of PTSCs have been identified, with mesenchymal stem cells being the most utilized population. This review will focus on PTSCs and their pre-clinical and clinical applications in neonatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Damianos
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kui Xu
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory T Kalin
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Nakanishi K, Higashi K, Toida T, Asai M. Characterization of chondroitin sulfate in stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood in rats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262854. [PMID: 35077481 PMCID: PMC8789104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and its isomeric variant, dermatan sulfate (DS), are complex glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) which are ubiquitous components of the extracellular matrix in various tissues including the brain. CS and/or DS are known to bind to a variety of growth factors and regulate many cellular events such as proliferation and differentiation. Although the biological activities of CS and/or DS towards neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) have been well investigated, the CS and/or DS of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been fully characterized. Here, we analyzed GAGs on mononuclear cells of rat umbilical cord blood cells (UCB-MNCs). CS was detected in vascular intima and media of rat umbilical cord at embryonic day 19 (E19) by immunohistochemistry. The stem-cell-enriched-UCBCs (SCE-UCBCs), which were expanded from rat UCB-MNCs, expressed CS. CS chains are composed of repeating disaccharide units, which are classified into several types such as O-, A-, B-, C-, D-, and E-unit according to the number and positions of sulfation. A disaccharide composition analysis revealed that CS and/or DS were abundant in rat UCB-MNCs as well as in their expanded SCE-UCBCs, while the amount of heparan sulfate (HS) was less. The degree of sulfation of CS/DS was relatively low and the major component in UCB-MNCs and SCE-UCBCs was the A-unit. A colony-forming cell assay revealed that the percentage of colony-forming cells decreased in culture with CS degradation enzyme. The CS and/or DS of UCBCs may be involved in biological activities such as stem cell proliferation and/or differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Nakanishi
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyohei Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toida
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
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Lu S, Li K, Yang Y, Wang Q, Yu Y, Wang Z, Luan Z. Optimization of an Intranasal Route for the Delivery of Human Neural Stem Cells to Treat a Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Rat Model. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2022; 18:413-426. [PMID: 35495583 PMCID: PMC9047963 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s350586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem cell administration via the intranasal route has shown promise as a new therapy for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In this study, we aimed to improve the intranasal delivery of stem cells to the brain. METHODS Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) were identified using immunofluorescence, morphological, and flow cytometry assays before transplantation, and cell migration capacity was examined using the transwell assay. Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) was induced in 7-day-old rats, followed by the intranasal transplantation of CM-Dil-labeled hNSCs. We examined various experimental conditions, including preconditioning hNSCs with hypoxia, catheter method, multiple low-dose transplantation, head position, cell appropriate concentration, and volume. Rats were sacrificed 1 or 3 days after the final intranasal administration, and parts of the nasal tissue and whole brain sections were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope. RESULTS The isolated hNSCs met the characteristics of neural stem cells. Hypoxia (5% O2, 24 h) enhanced the surface expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) (9.21 ± 1.9% ~ 24.76 ± 2.24%, P < 0.01) on hNSCs and improved migration (toward stromal cell-derived factor 1 [SDF-1], 0.54 ± 0.11% ~ 8.65 ± 1.76%, P < 0.001; toward fetal bovine serum, 8.36 ± 0.81% ~ 21.74 ± 0.85%, P < 0.0001). Further improvement increased the number of surviving cell distribution with increased uniformity on the olfactory epithelium and allowed the cells to stay in the nasal cavity for at least 72 h, but they did not survive for longer than 48 h. Optimization of pre-transplantation conditions augmented the success rate of intranasally delivered cells to the brain (0-41.6%). We also tentatively identified that hNSCs crossed the olfactory epithelium into the tissue space below the lamina propria, with cerebrospinal fluid entering the cribriform plate into the subarachnoid space, and then migrated toward injured areas along the brain blood vessels. CONCLUSION This study offers some helpful advice and reference for addressing the problem of repeatability in the intranasal delivery of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxiang Yang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo Luan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Okulu E, Haskologlu S, Guloglu D, Kostekci E, Erdeve O, Atasay B, Koc A, Soylemez F, Dogu F, Ikinciogullari A, Arsan S. Effects of Umbilical Cord Management Strategies on Stem Cell Transfusion, Delivery Room Adaptation, and Cerebral Oxygenation in Term and Late Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:838444. [PMID: 35444969 PMCID: PMC9013943 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.838444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The umbilical cord blood contains a high concentration of stem cells. There is not any published study evaluating the amount of stem cells that have the potential to be transferred to the infant through placental transfusion methods as delayed cord clamping (DCC) and umbilical cord milking (UCM). The aim of this study is to measure the concentrations of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in the placental residual blood volume (PRBV), and evaluate the delivery room adaptation and cerebral oxygenation of these infants. METHODS Infants with ≥36 gestational weeks were randomized to receive DCC (120 s), UCM, or immediate cord clamping (ICC). EPC and CD34+ HSC were measured by flow cytometry from the cord blood. PRBV was collected in the setup. The cord blood gas analysis and complete blood count were performed. The heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and cerebral regional oxygen saturation (crSO2) were recorded. RESULTS A total of 103 infants were evaluated. The amount of PRBV (in ml and ml/kg) was higher in the ICC group (p < 0.001). The number of EPCs in the PRBV content (both ml and ml/kg) were the highest in the ICC group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). The number of CD34+ HSCs in PRBV content (ml and ml/kg) was similar in all groups, but nonsignificantly higher in the ICC group. The APGAR scores at the first and fifth min were lower in the ICC group (p < 0.05). The mean crSO2 values were higher at the 3rd and 10th min in the DCC group (p = 0.042 and p = 0.045, respectively). cFOE values were higher at the 3rd and 10th min in the ICC group (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION This study showed that placental transfusion methods, such as DCC and UCM, provide both higher blood volume, more stem cells transfer to the infant, and better cerebral oxygenation in the first minutes of life, whereas many lineages of stem cells is lost to the placenta by ICC with higher residual blood volume. These cord management methods rather than ICC do not require any cost or technology, and may be a preemptive therapeutic source for diseases of the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Okulu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Haskologlu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Guloglu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Kostekci
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Erdeve
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begum Atasay
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Acar Koc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feride Soylemez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Dogu
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydan Ikinciogullari
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saadet Arsan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Metallinou D, Lazarou E, Lykeridou A. Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Brain-Focused Clinical Practices for Premature Neonates at High Risk of Neuronal Injury. MÆDICA 2021; 16:281-290. [PMID: 34621352 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2020.16.2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective:Disruption of smooth intrauterine brain development is a significant consequence of premature birth that may lead to adverse neurological outcomes. Although noteworthy progress has been made in the management of prematurity, the rates of neonatal morbidity and neurodevelopmental disorders remain high, underlining the need to find clinical practices that particularly protect the central nervous system. Aim:To identify recent articles regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological brain-focused clinical practices (BFCP) for premature neonates at high risk of neuronal injury. Material and methods:We did an extensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant research published between 2000 and 2020. Results:Nineteen full-length original research papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for the purpose of the present review. Non-pharmacological BFCP intend to improve the neonate's experience in the NICU environment and can be applied by a multidisciplinary team, while pharmacological ones are related to novel molecules that aim to quell apoptosis and inflammation or promote neurogenesis. Conclusion:In the future, a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological BFCP might be considered as the most promising protection and/or treatment provided in clinical practice to premature neonates at high risk of neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Metallinou
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini Lykeridou
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Greece
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Chakkarapani AA, Aly H, Benders M, Cotten CM, El-Dib M, Gressens P, Hagberg H, Sabir H, Wintermark P, Robertson NJ. Therapies for neonatal encephalopathy: Targeting the latent, secondary and tertiary phases of evolving brain injury. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 26:101256. [PMID: 34154945 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2021.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In term and near-term neonates with neonatal encephalopathy, therapeutic hypothermia protocols are well established. The current focus is on how to improve outcomes further and the challenge is to find safe and complementary therapies that confer additional protection, regeneration or repair in addition to cooling. Following hypoxia-ischemia, brain injury evolves over three main phases (latent, secondary and tertiary), each with a different brain energy, perfusion, neurochemical and inflammatory milieu. While therapeutic hypothermia has targeted the latent and secondary phase, we now need therapies that cover the continuum of brain injury that spans hours, days, weeks and months after the initial event. Most agents have several therapeutic actions but can be broadly classified under a predominant action (e.g., free radical scavenging, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, neuroregeneration, and vascular effects). Promising early/secondary phase therapies include Allopurinol, Azithromycin, Exendin-4, Magnesium, Melatonin, Noble gases and Sildenafil. Tertiary phase agents include Erythropoietin, Stem cells and others. We review a selection of promising therapeutic agents on the translational pipeline and suggest a framework for neuroprotection and neurorestoration that targets the evolving injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hany Aly
- Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Manon Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - C Michael Cotten
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Mohamed El-Dib
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Centre of Perinatal Medicine & Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Pia Wintermark
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nicola J Robertson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Tetorou K, Sisa C, Iqbal A, Dhillon K, Hristova M. Current Therapies for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic and Infection-Sensitised Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Damage. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:709301. [PMID: 34504417 PMCID: PMC8421799 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.709301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage is a leading cause of child mortality and morbidity, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and cognitive disabilities. The majority of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic cases arise as a result of impaired cerebral perfusion to the foetus attributed to uterine, placental, or umbilical cord compromise prior to or during delivery. Bacterial infection is a factor contributing to the damage and is recorded in more than half of preterm births. Exposure to infection exacerbates neuronal hypoxic-ischaemic damage thus leading to a phenomenon called infection-sensitised hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury. Models of neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) have been developed in different animals. Both human and animal studies show that the developmental stage and the severity of the HI insult affect the selective regional vulnerability of the brain to damage, as well as the subsequent clinical manifestations. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only clinically approved treatment for neonatal HI. However, the number of HI infants needed to treat with TH for one to be saved from death or disability at age of 18-22 months, is approximately 6-7, which highlights the need for additional or alternative treatments to replace TH or increase its efficiency. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of HI injury to the immature brain and the new experimental treatments studied for neonatal HI and infection-sensitised neonatal HI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Repair Group, Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, UCL Institute for Women’s Health, London, United Kingdom
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Sato Y, Tsuji M. Diverse actions of cord blood cell therapy for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:497-503. [PMID: 33453136 PMCID: PMC8252712 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of neonatal death and permanent neurological deficits. However, effective treatments have not yet been established, except therapeutic hypothermia, which is not effective for severe HIE; therefore, developing a novel therapy for HIE is of the utmost importance. Stem cell therapy has recently been identified as a novel therapy for HIE. Among the various stem cell sources, ethical hurdles can be avoided by using stem cells that originate from non-embryonic or non-neural tissues, such as umbilical cord blood cells (UCBCs), which are readily available and can be exploited for autologous transplantations. Human UCBs are a rich source of stem and progenitor cells. Many recent studies have reported the treatment effect of UCBCs. Additionally, phase I clinical trials have already been conducted, showing this therapy's safety and feasibility. One advantage of stem cell therapies, including UCBC administration, is that they exert treatment effects through multifaceted mechanisms. According to the findings of several publications, replacement of lost cells, namely, engraftment and differentiation into neuronal cells, is not likely to be the main mechanism. However, the association between UCBCs and various mechanism of action, such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation, has been suggested in many studies, and most mechanisms are due to growth factors secreted from UCBCs. These diverse actions of UCBC treatment are expected to exert a substantial effect on HIE, which has a complex injury mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kersin SG, Özek E. Breast milk stem cells: Are they magic bullets in neonatology? Turk Arch Pediatr 2021; 56:187-191. [PMID: 34104907 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2021.21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Each mammal produces milk specific to its newborn that meets all nutritional needs. Breast milk is not only a secretory product but is also a complex liquid containing several components that provide enteral nutrition. The stage of lactation, the fullness of the breast, the feeding of the baby, and the health of the mother during the breastfeeding period cause differences in the composition of breast milk. Although the positive effects of breast milk on the physical and intellectual development of a child in the short and long term have been known for centuries, its mechanism has not been elucidated. Stem cells are defined as the cells that possess specific markers and have not undergone differentiation. Under suitable conditions and stimuli, they can differentiate into desired cells. The detection of stem cells, whose exact origin is not known, in breast milk and their demonstration in the baby's body have prompted the necessity of exploring the possible role of stem cells in the treatment of diseases. In this review, breast milk-derived stem cells and their possible role in neonatology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gülcan Kersin
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eren Özek
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Nabetani M, Mukai T, Shintaku H. Preventing Brain Damage from Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates: Update on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Umbilical Cord Blood Cells. Am J Perinatol 2021; 39:1754-1763. [PMID: 33853147 PMCID: PMC9674406 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) causes permanent motor deficit "cerebral palsy (CP)," and may result in significant disability and death. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) had been established as the first effective therapy for neonates with HIE; however, TH must be initiated within the first 6 hours after birth, and the number needed to treat is from 9 to 11 to prevent brain damage from HIE. Therefore, additional therapies for HIE are highly needed. In this review, we provide an introduction on the mechanisms of HIE cascade and how TH and cell therapies such as umbilical cord blood cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), especially umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs), may protect the brain in newborns, and discuss recent progress in regenerative therapies using UC-MSCs for neurological disorders.The brain damage process "HIE cascade" was divided into six stages: (1) energy depletion, (2) impairment of microglia, (3) inflammation, (4) excitotoxity, (5) oxidative stress, and (6) apoptosis in capillary, glia, synapse and/or neuron. The authors showed recent 13 clinical trials using UC-MSCs for neurological disorders.The authors suggest that the next step will include reaching a consensus on cell therapies for HIE and establishment of effective protocols for cell therapy for HIE. KEY POINTS: · This study includes new insights about cell therapy for neonatal HIE and CP in schema.. · This study shows precise mechanism of neonatal HIE cascade.. · The mechanism of cell therapy by comparing umbilical cord blood stem cell with MSC is shown.. · The review of recent clinical trials of UC-MSC is shown..
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nabetani
- Department of Pediatrics, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan,Address for correspondence Makoto Nabetani, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Yodogawa Christian HospitalOsaka, Japan, 1-7-50 Kunijima, Higashi-yodogawa-ku, Osaka 5330024Japan
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Shintaku
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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McAdams RM, Berube MW. Emerging therapies and management for neonatal encephalopathy-controversies and current approaches. J Perinatol 2021; 41:661-674. [PMID: 33712717 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) continues to have a major impact on newborn survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes worldwide. In high-income settings, therapeutic hypothermia is the only established standard treatment for neonates with moderate-to-severe NE, with compelling evidence that cooling reduces mortality and major neurodevelopmental impairment in survivors. Despite therapeutic hypothermia, a significant proportion of cooled infants continue to suffer long-term disability from brain injury. Innovative therapies offer the possibility of further improving neurodevelopmental outcomes by working synergistically with therapeutic hypothermia to decrease hypoxia-ischemia-induced excitotoxicity, prevent progression to secondary energy failure, and in some cases, promote neuroregeneration in the developing neonatal brain. This review discusses emerging NE therapies currently under investigation, offers insight into controversies surrounding various approaches to clinical care during therapeutic hypothermia, and identifies ongoing knowledge deficits that hinder attainment of optimal outcomes for neonates with NE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M McAdams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Megan W Berube
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Stem Cell Therapy for Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063142. [PMID: 33808671 PMCID: PMC8003344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the perinatal period. This condition results from a period of ischemia and hypoxia to the brain of neonates, leading to several disorders that profoundly affect the daily life of patients and their families. Currently, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard of care in developing countries; however, TH is not always effective, especially in severe cases of HIE. Addressing this concern, several preclinical studies assessed the potential of stem cell therapy (SCT) for HIE. With this systematic review, we gathered information included in 58 preclinical studies from the last decade, focusing on the ones using stem cells isolated from the umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, placenta, and bone marrow. Outstandingly, about 80% of these studies reported a significant improvement of cognitive and/or sensorimotor function, as well as decreased brain damage. These results show the potential of SCT for HIE and the possibility of this therapy, in combination with TH, becoming the next therapeutic approach for HIE. Nonetheless, few preclinical studies assessed the combination of TH and SCT for HIE, and the existent studies show some contradictory results, revealing the need to further explore this line of research.
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Therapeutic potential of stem cells for preterm infant brain damage: Can we move from the heterogeneity of preclinical and clinical studies to established therapeutics? Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114461. [PMID: 33571501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired perinatal brain injuries are a set of conditions that remains a key challenge for neonatologists and that have significant social, emotional and financial implications for our communities. In our perspective article, we will introduce perinatal brain injury focusing specifically on the events leading to brain damage in preterm born infants and outcomes for these infants. Then we will summarize and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy of stem cells as neuroprotectants in the last ten years in perinatal brain injury. There are no therapies to treat brain damage in preterm born infants and a primary finding from this review is that there is a scarcity of stem cell trials focused on overcoming brain injuries in these infants. Overall, across all forms of perinatal brain injury there is a remarkable heterogeneity in previous and on-going preclinical and clinical studies in terms of the stem cell type, animal models/patient selection, route and time of administration. Despite the quality of many of the studies this variation makes it difficult to reach a valid consensus for future developments. However, it is clear that stem cells (and stem cell derived exosomes) can reduce perinatal brain injury and our field needs to work collectively to refine an effective protocol for each type of injury. The use of standardized stem cell products and testing these products across multiple models of injury will provide a stronger framework for clinical trials development.
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Ahn SY, Park WS, Sung SI, Chang YS. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for intractable neonatal disorders. Pediatr Neonatol 2021; 62 Suppl 1:S16-S21. [PMID: 33485822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has emerged as a new promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of intractable and devastating neonatal disorders with complex multifactorial etiologies, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). In response to inflammatory and noxious environments, MSCs secrete various paracrine factors that perform several reparative functions, including exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic effects, to enhance the regeneration of damaged cells and tissues. In this review, we summarize recent advances in stem cell research focusing on the use of MSCs in the prevention and treatment of newborn BPD, IVH and HIE, with particular emphasis on preclinical and clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se In Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
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