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Gupta A, Kulkarni S, Soman S, Saha M, Kulkarni J, Rana K, Dhas N, Ayesha Farhana S, Kumar Tiyyagura P, Pandey A, Moorkoth S, Mutalik S. Breaking barriers in cancer management: The promising role of microsphere conjugates in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 665:124687. [PMID: 39265846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant worldwide health concern, and there is a demand for ongoing breakthroughs in treatment techniques. Microspheres are among the most studied drug delivery platforms for delivering cargo to a specified location over an extended period of time. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, and capable of surface modifications. Microspheres and their conjugates have emerged as potential cancer therapeutic options throughout the years. This review provides an in-depth look at the current advancements and applications of microspheres and their conjugates in cancer treatment. The review encompasses a wide array of conjugates, ranging from polymers such as ethyl cellulose and Eudragit to stimuli-responsive polymers, proteins, peptides, polysaccharides such as HA and chitosan, inorganic metals, aptamers, quantum dots (QDs), biomimetic conjugates, and radio conjugates designed for radioembolization. Conjugated microspheres precisely deliver chemotherapeutics to the intended target while achieving controlled drug release to prevent side effects. It offers a means of integrating several distinct therapeutic modalities (chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, etc.) to provide synergistic effects during cancer treatment. This review offers insights into the prospects and evolving role of microspheres and their conjugates in the dynamic landscape of cancer therapy. This review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians working towards advancements in cancer treatment through innovative applications in therapy and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jahnavi Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Komal Rana
- Manipal - Government of Karnataka Bioincubator, 3rd Floor, Advanced Research Centre, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Syeda Ayesha Farhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pavan Kumar Tiyyagura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Global Drug Development/ Technical Research and Development, Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Genome Valley, Hyderabad 500081, Telangana, India
| | - Sudheer Moorkoth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Rauer SB, Stüwe L, Steinbeck L, de Toledo MAS, Fischer G, Wennemaring S, Marschick J, Koschmieder S, Wessling M, Linkhorst J. Cell Adhesion and Local Cytokine Control on Protein-Functionalized PNIPAM-co-AAc Hydrogel Microcarriers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404183. [PMID: 39535368 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Achieving adequate cell densities remains a major challenge in establishing economic biotechnological and biomedical processes. A possible remedy is microcarrier-based cultivation in stirred-tank bioreactors (STBR), which offers a high surface-to-volume ratio, appropriate process control, and scalability. However, despite their potential, commercial microcarriers are currently limited to material systems featuring unnatural mechanical properties and low adaptability. Because matrix stiffness and ligand presentation impact phenotypical attributes, differentiation potential, and genetic stability, biotechnological processes can significantly benefit from microcarrier systems tailorable toward cell-type specific requirements. This study introduces hydrogel particles co-polymerized from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and acrylic acid (AAc) as a platform technology for cell expansion. The resulting microcarriers exhibit an adjustable extracellular matrix-like softness, an adaptable gel charge, and functional carboxyl groups, allowing electrostatic and covalent coupling of cell adhesive and cell fate-modulating proteins. These features enable the attachment and growth of L929 mouse fibroblast cells in static microtiter plates and dynamic STBR cultivations while also providing vital growth factors, such as interleukin-3, to myeloblast-like 32D cells over 20 days of cultivation. The study explores the effects of different educt compositions on cell-particle interactions and reveals that PNIPAM-co-AAc microcarriers can provide both covalently coupled and diffusively released cytokine to adjacent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bernhard Rauer
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucas Stüwe
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lea Steinbeck
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcelo Augusto Szymanski de Toledo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gereon Fischer
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Wennemaring
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jonas Marschick
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - John Linkhorst
- Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Process Engineering of Electrochemical Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 2, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Yang L, Sun L, Sun Y, Qiu G, Fan X, Sun Q, Lu G. Engineering Thermoresponsive Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Films with Enhanced Stability and Reusability for Efficient Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture and Harvesting. Molecules 2024; 29:4481. [PMID: 39339476 PMCID: PMC11435103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) offers a promising platform for non-invasive and gentle cell detachment. However, conventional PNIPAM-based substrates often suffer from limitations including limited stability and reduced reusability, which hinder their widespread adoption in biomedical applications. In this study, PNIPAM copolymer films were formed on the surfaces of glass slides or silicon wafers using a two-step film-forming method involving coating and grafting. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the films' surface wettability, topography, and thickness was conducted using a variety of techniques, including contact angle analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ellipsometric measurements. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were then seeded onto PNIPAM copolymer films prepared from different copolymer solution concentrations, ranging from 0.2 to 10 mg·mL-1, to select the optimal culture substrate that allowed for good cell growth at 37 °C and effective cell detachment through temperature reduction. Furthermore, the stability and reusability of the optimal copolymer films were assessed. Finally, AFM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to examine the surface morphology and elemental composition of the copolymer films after two rounds of BMMSC adhesion and detachment. The findings revealed that the surface properties and overall characteristics of PNIPAM copolymer films varied significantly with the solution concentration. Based on the selection criteria, the copolymer films derived from 1 mg·mL-1 solution were identified as the optimal culture substrates for BMMSCs. After two rounds of cellular adhesion and detachment, some proteins remained on the film surfaces, acting as a foundation for subsequent cellular re-adhesion and growth, thereby implicitly corroborating the practicability and reusability of the copolymer films. This study not only introduces a stable and efficient platform for stem cell culture and harvesting but also represents a significant advance in the fabrication of smart materials tailored for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Luqiao Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guangwei Qiu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Fan
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qing Sun
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guang Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
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Rijns L, Duijs H, Lafleur RP, Cardinaels R, Palmans ARA, Dankers PYW, Su L. Molecularly Engineered Supramolecular Thermoresponsive Hydrogels with Tunable Mechanical and Dynamic Properties. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4686-4696. [PMID: 39059106 PMCID: PMC11323010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic supramolecular polymers and hydrogels in water are emerging as promising biomaterials due to their modularity and intrinsic dynamics. Here, we introduce temperature sensitivity into the nonfunctionalized benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA-EG4) supramolecular system by incorporating a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-functionalized (BTA-PNIPAM) moiety, enabling 3D cell encapsulation applications. The viscous and structural properties in the solution state as well as the mechanical and dynamic features in the gel state of BTA-PNIPAM/BTA-EG4 mixtures were investigated and modulated. In the dilute state (c ∼μM), BTA-PNIPAM acted as a chain capper below the cloud point temperature (Tcp = 24 °C) but served as a cross-linker above Tcp. At higher concentrations (c ∼mM), weak or stiff hydrogels were obtained, depending on the BTA-PNIPAM/BTA-EG4 ratio. The mixture with the highest BTA-PNIPAM ratio was ∼100 times stiffer and ∼10 times less dynamic than BTA-EG4 hydrogel. Facile cell encapsulation in 3D was realized by leveraging the temperature-sensitive sol-gel transition, opening opportunities for utilizing this hydrogel as an extracellular matrix mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rijns
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen Duijs
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg
76, Leiden 2333 AL, The Netherlands
| | - René P.
M. Lafleur
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems (ICMS), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Processing
and Performance of Materials, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Soft
Matter, Rheology and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems (ICMS), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y. W. Dankers
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
(ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Su
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg
76, Leiden 2333 AL, The Netherlands
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5
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Buratti E, Colantonio C, D’Amato R, Dinelli F, Franco S, Limosani F, Montereali RM, Nichelatti E, Piccinini M, Vincenti MA, Ruzicka B. Influence of a Solid Surface on PNIPAM Microgel Films. Gels 2024; 10:473. [PMID: 39057496 PMCID: PMC11276228 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive microgels have attracted great interest in recent years as building blocks for fabricating smart surfaces with many technological applications. In particular, PNIPAM microgels are promising candidates for creating thermo-responsive scaffolds to control cell growth and detachment via temperature stimuli. In this framework, understanding the influence of the solid substrate is critical for tailoring microgel coatings to specific applications. The surface modification of the substrate is a winning strategy used to manage microgel-substrate interactions. To control the spreading of microgel particles on a solid surface, glass substrates are coated with a PEI or an APTES layer to improve surface hydrophobicity and add positive charges on the interface. A systematic investigation of PNIPAM microgels spin-coated through a double-step deposition protocol on pristine glass and on functionalised glasses was performed by combining wettability measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy. The greater flattening of microgel particles on less hydrophilic substrates can be explained as a consequence of the reduced shielding of the water-substrate interactions that favors electrostatic interactions between microgels and the substrate. This approach allows the yielding of effective control on microgel coatings that will help to unlock new possibilities for their application in biomedical devices, sensors, or responsive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Nuclear Department, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Buratti
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 14412 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Colantonio
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria D’Amato
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Nuclear Department, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Franco Dinelli
- National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Franco
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Limosani
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Nuclear Department, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Nichelatti
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Nuclear Department, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Piccinini
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Nuclear Department, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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6
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Patel R, Patel D. Injectable Hydrogels in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1878. [PMID: 39000733 PMCID: PMC11244148 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart problems are quite prevalent worldwide. Cardiomyocytes and stem cells are two examples of the cells and supporting matrix that are used in the integrated process of cardiac tissue regeneration. The objective is to create innovative materials that can effectively replace or repair damaged cardiac muscle. One of the most effective and appealing 3D/4D scaffolds for creating an appropriate milieu for damaged tissue growth and healing is hydrogel. In order to successfully regenerate heart tissue, bioactive and biocompatible hydrogels are required to preserve cells in the infarcted region and to bid support for the restoration of myocardial wall stress, cell survival and function. Heart tissue engineering uses a variety of hydrogels, such as natural or synthetic polymeric hydrogels. This article provides a quick overview of the various hydrogel types employed in cardiac tissue engineering. Their benefits and drawbacks are discussed. Hydrogel-based techniques for heart regeneration are also addressed, along with their clinical application and future in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Patel
- Banas Medical College and Research Institute, Palanpur 385001, India;
| | - Dhruvi Patel
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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7
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Buratti E, Sguizzato M, Sotgiu G, Zamboni R, Bertoldo M. Keratin-PNIPAM Hybrid Microgels: Preparation, Morphology and Swelling Properties. Gels 2024; 10:411. [PMID: 38920957 PMCID: PMC11202486 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Combinations of synthetic polymers, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), with natural biomolecules, such as keratin, show potential in the field of biomedicine, since these hybrids merge the thermoresponsive properties of PNIPAM with the bioactive characteristics of keratin. This synergy aims to produce hybrids that can respond to environmental stimuli while maintaining biocompatibility and functionality, making them suitable for various medical and biotechnological uses. In this study, we exploit keratin derived from wool waste in the textile industry, extracted via sulfitolysis, to synthesize hybrids with PNIPAM microgel. Utilizing two distinct methods-polymerization of NIPAM with keratin (HYB-P) and mixing preformed PNIPAM microgels with keratin (HYB-M)-resulted in hybrids with 20% and 25% keratin content, respectively. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses indicated the formation of colloidal systems with particle sizes of around 110 nm for HYB-P and 518 nm for HYB-M. The presence of keratin in both systems, 20% and 25%, respectively, was confirmed by spectroscopic (FTIR and NMR) and elemental analyses. Distinct structural differences were observed between HYB-P and HYB-M, suggesting a graft copolymer configuration for the former hybrid and a complexation for the latter one. Furthermore, these hybrids demonstrated temperature responsiveness akin to PNIPAM microgels and pH responsiveness, underscoring their potential for diverse biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Sotgiu
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (M.B.)
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Laura Soriano Pérez M, Montironi I, Alejandro Funes J, Margineda C, Campra N, Noelia Cariddi L, José Garrido J, Molina M, Alustiza F. Nanogel-Mediated antigen delivery: Biocompatibility, immunogenicity, and potential for tailored vaccine design across species. Vaccine 2024; 42:3721-3732. [PMID: 38719694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing the efficacy of vaccine delivery systems. This study investigates the utilization of nanogels as carriers for the model antigen ovalbumin, with a focus on in vivo assessments in equine and murine models. Nanogels, owing to their biocompatibility and tunable physicochemical properties, offer a versatile platform for efficient antigen encapsulation and controlled release. The encapsulation efficiency and physicochemical characteristics of ovalbumin-loaded nanogels were comprehensively characterized. In vitro biocompatibility was evaluated, finding excellent properties of these nanogels. In vivo evaluations were conducted on both equine and murine subjects, assessing immunogenicity through antibody and splenic cell response. Furthermore, the study propose the potential use of nanogels in tailoring immune responses through the modulation of antigen release kinetics. The results obtained in the in vitro assays showed an increase in the uptake of nanogels by APCs compared to free antigen (OVA). In mice, an absence of inflammatory response in the inoculation site was observed, without systemic damage in the evaluated organs. In addition, non-significant humoral response was found nor cellular proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production, compared with a traditional adjuvant as aluminum hydroxide, in both animal models. These findings allow further insights into nanogel-based delivery systems and offer valuable insights into their application in various animal models. In conclusion, this research establishes the utility of nanogels as effective carriers for antigens-based vaccines, with interesting biocompatibility properties and highly taken affinity by antigen-presenting cells, without inducing inflammation at the injection site. The study underscores the potential of nanogel technology in revolutionizing vaccine design and highlights the importance of tailored approaches for diverse target species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Montironi
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Noelia Campra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Noelia Cariddi
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan José Garrido
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, España
| | - Maria Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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9
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Li S, Zhi L, Chen Q, Zhao W, Zhao C. Reversibly Adhesive, Anti-Swelling, and Antibacterial Hydrogels for Tooth-Extraction Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400089. [PMID: 38354105 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral wound treatment faces challenges due to the complex oral environment, thus, sealing the wound quickly becomes necessary. Although some materials have achieved adhesion and sterilization, how to effectively solve the contradiction between strong adhesion and on-demand removal remains a challenge. Herein, a reversibly adhesive hydrogel is designed by free radical copolymerization of cationic monomer [2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (ATAC), hydrophobic monomer ethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate (PEA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The cationic quaternary ammonium salts provide electrostatic interactions, the hydrophobic groups provide hydrophobic interactions, and the PNIPAAm chain segments provide hydrogen bonding, leading to strong adhesion. Therefore, the hydrogel obtains an adhesion strength of 18.67 KPa to oral mucosa and can seal wounds fast within 10 s. Furthermore, unlike pure PNIPAAm, the hydrogel has a lower critical solution temperature of 40.3 °C due to the contribution of ATAC and PEA, enabling rapid removal with 40 °C water after treatment. In addition, the hydrogel realizes excellent anti-swelling ratio (≈80%) and antibacterial efficiency (over 90%). Animal experiments prove that the hydrogel effectively reduces inflammation infiltration, promotes collagen deposition and vascular regeneration. Thus, hydrogel as a multi-functional dressing has great application prospects in oral wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lunhao Zhi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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10
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Dashti N, Akbari V, Varshosaz J, Soleimanbeigi M, Rostami M. Co-delivery of carboplatin and doxorubicin using ZIF-8 coated chitosan-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanoparticles through a dual pH/thermo responsive strategy to breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131971. [PMID: 38705336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
A dual pH/temperature sensitive core-shell nanoformulation has been developed based on ZIF-8 coated with chitosan-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (CS-PNIPAAm) for co-delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and carboplatin (CBP) in breast cancer cells. The resulting nanoparticles (NPs) had particle sizes around 200 nm and a zeta potential of about +30 mV. The CBP and DOX loading contents in the final NPs were 11.6 % and 55.54 %, respectively. NPs showed a pH and thermoresponsive drug release profile with a sustained prolonged release under physiological conditions. The in vitro cytotoxicity experiments showed a significant synergism of CBP and DOX to induce the IC50 of 1.96 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells and 4.54 μg/mL in MDA-MB-231 cells. Also, the final NPs were safer than free DOX and CBP on normal cells. The in vitro study confirmed the higher potency of the designed NPs in combination therapy against breast cancer cells with lower side effects than free drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Dashti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Monireh Soleimanbeigi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Rostami
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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11
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Suryavanshi P, Mahajan S, Banerjee SK, Seth K, Banerjee S. Synthesis and characterization of a pH/temperature-dual responsive hydrogel with promising biocompatibility features for stimuli-responsive 5-FU delivery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5098-5110. [PMID: 38700289 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00168k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The tunable properties of stimuli-responsive copolymers or hydrogels enable their application in different fields such as biomedical engineering, tissue engineering, or even drug release. Here we introduce a new PNIPAM-based triblock copolymer material comprising a controlled amount of a novel hydrophobic crosslinker 2,4'-diacryloyloxy benzophenone (DABP) and acrylic acid (AAc) to achieve lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between ambient and body temperatures. The dual stimuli-responsive p(NIPAM-co-DABP-co-AAc) triblock copolymer material and hydrogel were synthesized, and their temperature and pH-responsive behaviors were systematically investigated. The hydrogel exhibited excellent temperature and pH-responsive properties with an LCST of around 30 °C. Moreover, the synthesized copolymer has been demonstrated to be nontoxic both in vitro and in vivo. When the hydrogel was preloaded with the model drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the designed hydrogel released the drug in a temperature and pH-controlled fashion. It was observed that the prepared hydrogel has the ability to entrap 5-FU, and the loading is more than 85%. In the case of temperature-controlled release, we observed almost complete release of 5-FU at lower temperatures and sustained release behavior at higher temperatures. In addition, the hydrogel matrix was able to retard the release of 5-FU in an acidic environment and selectively release 5-FU in a basic environment. By realizing how the hydrogel properties influence the release of drugs from preloaded hydrogels, it is possible to design new materials with myriad applications in the drug delivery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushottam Suryavanshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari 781101, Assam, India.
| | - Shriram Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Guwahati, Changsari 781101, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Guwahati, Changsari 781101, Assam, India
| | - Kapileswar Seth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, NIPER-Guwahati, Changsari 781101, Assam, India.
| | - Subham Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari 781101, Assam, India.
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12
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Wang T, Liu C, Li Y, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Preparation of Temperature-Responsive Films Based on PNVCL Microgel with Varying Sizes and Cross-Linking Degrees for Cell Harvesting. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400156. [PMID: 38683686 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This work reports preparing thermal responsive poly (N-isovinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) microgel based films for cell growth and detachment. PNVCL microgels of hydrated size ranging from 386 to 815 nm (25 °C) and different crosslinking degree are prepared. The PNVCL microgels can be rapidly and massively deposited on glass by spin coating method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and water contact angle (WCA) are used to study the influence of crosslinking degree and particle size on the surface morphology, stability, and hydrophilicity of PNVCL microgel film. The cell activity of the desorbed cells is quantitatively characterized employing human normal lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The results show that BEAS-2B cells can be desorbed quickly from the film in 30 min, and the optical density (OD) value of desorbed cells incubated after 3 d increases by approximately 52% compared to the control group. This study broadens the selection of temperature-sensitive film for cell harvesting, and provides a new tool for the quantitative characterization of desorbed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yu Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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13
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Salar Amoli M, Anand R, EzEldeen M, Geris L, Jacobs R, Bloemen V. Development of 3D Printed pNIPAM-Chitosan Scaffolds for Dentoalveolar Tissue Engineering. Gels 2024; 10:140. [PMID: 38391470 PMCID: PMC10887597 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While available treatments have addressed a variety of complications in the dentoalveolar region, associated challenges have resulted in exploration of tissue engineering techniques. Often, scaffold biomaterials with specific properties are required for such strategies to be successful, development of which is an active area of research. This study focuses on the development of a copolymer of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and chitosan, used for 3D printing of scaffolds for dentoalveolar regeneration. The synthesized material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the possibility of printing was evaluated through various printability tests. The rate of degradation and swelling was analyzed through gravimetry, and surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Viability of dental pulp stem cells seeded on the scaffolds was evaluated by live/dead analysis and DNA quantification. The results demonstrated successful copolymerization, and three formulations among various synthesized formulations were successfully 3D printed. Up to 35% degradability was confirmed within 7 days, and a maximum swelling of approximately 1200% was achieved. Furthermore, initial assessment of cell viability demonstrated biocompatibility of the developed scaffolds. While further studies are required to achieve the tissue engineering goals, the present results tend to indicate that the proposed hydrogel might be a valid candidate for scaffold fabrication serving dentoalveolar tissue engineering through 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Salar Amoli
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Resmi Anand
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA-R In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (2419), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veerle Bloemen
- Surface and Interface Engineered Materials (SIEM), Campus Group T, KU Leuven, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Dartora VFC, Passos JS, Costa-Lotufo LV, Lopes LB, Panitch A. Thermosensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Co-Encapsulation and Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:231. [PMID: 38399285 PMCID: PMC10892816 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, there remains a need for local management of noninvasive, low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). These focal lesions are well suited for local intraductal treatment. Intraductal administration supported target site drug retention, improved efficacy, and reduced systemic exposure. Here, we used a poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide, pNIPAM) nanoparticle delivery system loaded with cytotoxic piplartine and an MAPKAP Kinase 2 inhibitor (YARA) for this purpose. For tumor environment targeting, a collagen-binding peptide SILY (RRANAALKAGELYKSILYGSG-hydrazide) was attached to pNIPAM nanoparticles, and the nanoparticle diameter, zeta potential, drug loading, and release were assessed. The system was evaluated for cytotoxicity in a 2D cell culture and 3D spheroids. In vivo efficacy was evaluated using a chemical carcinogenesis model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Nanoparticle delivery significantly reduced the IC50 of piplartine (4.9 times) compared to the drug in solution. The combination of piplartine and YARA in nanoparticles further reduced the piplartine IC50 (~15 times). Treatment with these nanoparticles decreased the in vivo tumor incidence (5.2 times). Notably, the concentration of piplartine in mammary glands treated with nanoparticles (35.3 ± 22.4 μg/mL) was substantially higher than in plasma (0.7 ± 0.05 μg/mL), demonstrating targeted drug retention. These results indicate that our nanocarrier system effectively reduced tumor development with low systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Franco Carvalho Dartora
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Julia S. Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Leticia V. Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Luciana B. Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (V.F.C.D.); (J.S.P.); (L.V.C.-L.); (L.B.L.)
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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15
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Chen CH, Kao HH, Lee YC, Chen JP. Injectable Thermosensitive Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Chondrocyte Delivery in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1293. [PMID: 37765101 PMCID: PMC10535600 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesize a hyaluronic acid-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HPN) copolymer by grafting the amine-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM-NH2) to hyaluronic acid (HA). The 5% PNIPAM-NH2 and HPN polymer solution is responsive to temperature changes with sol-to-gel phase transition temperatures around 32 °C. Compared with the PNIPAM-NH2 hydrogel, the HPN hydrogel shows higher water content and mechanical strength, as well as lower volume contraction, making it a better choice as a scaffold for chondrocyte delivery. From an in vitro cell culture, we see that cells can proliferate in an HPN hydrogel with full retention of cell viability and show the phenotypic morphology of chondrocytes. In the HPN hydrogel, chondrocytes demonstrate a differentiated phenotype with the upregulated expression of cartilage-specific genes and the enhanced secretion of extracellular matrix components, when compared with the monolayer culture on tissue culture polystyrene. In vivo studies confirm the ectopic cartilage formation when HPN was used as a cell delivery vehicle after implanting chondrocyte/HPN in nude mice subcutaneously, which is shown from a histological and gene expression analysis. Taken together, the HPN thermosensitive hydrogel will be a promising injectable scaffold with which to deliver chondrocytes in cartilage-tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsi Kao
- Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-San, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Tai-Shan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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16
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Qian L, Peng Q, Jiang N, Qiao C, Yue W. Peroxidase-mimicking poly-L-lysine/alginate microspheres with PtS 2 nanoparticles for image-based colorimetric assays. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:300. [PMID: 37462758 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Morphologically controllable ALG@ε-PL water-in-water microspheres were successfully prepared using a two-step method through precise control of the two-phase flow rate. Through further interfacial coagulation, the ALG@ε-PL microspheres possess a dense surface structure and good permeability. The sensor based on PtS2@ALG@ε-PL microspheres was constructed by encapsulating PtS2 nanosheets with peroxidase-like properties in ALG@ε-PL water-in-water microspheres. PtS2 nanosheets catalyze the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to produce blue oxTMB. The strong reducing property of the model analyte dopamine (DA) can reduce oxTMB, thus causing the blue color to fade and successfully achieving colorimetric detection of DA. The linear range of the assay is 2.0-200 μM, and the detection limit is 0.22 μM. The recoveries of DA in serum samples were determined by the spik method, and the results were reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - CaiRong Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 638 Longmian Avenue, Chunhua Street, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Santhamoorthy M, Kim SC. Dual pH- and Thermo-Sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine) Nanogels for Curcumin Delivery: Swelling-Deswelling Behavior and Phase Transition Mechanism. Gels 2023; 9:536. [PMID: 37504415 PMCID: PMC10379092 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (Cur) is a beneficial ingredient with numerous bioactivities. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, its therapeutic application is limited. In this work, we prepared poly-N-isopropylacrylamide p(NIPAm) and polyallylamine p(Am)-based nanogel (p(NIPAm-co-Am)) NG for a dual pH- and temperature-sensitive copolymer system for drug delivery application. In this copolymer system, the p(NIPAm) segment was incorporated to introduce thermoresponsive behavior and the p(Am) segment was incorporated to introduce drug binding sites (amine groups) in the resulting (p(NIPAm-co-Am)) NG system. Various instrumental characterizations including 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential, and particle size analysis were performed to confirm the copolymer synthesis. Curcumin (Cur), an anticancer bioactive substance, was employed to assess the in vitro drug loading and release performance of the resulting copolymer nanogels system at varied pH levels (pH 7.2, 6.5, and 4.0) and temperatures (25 °C, 37 °C, and 42 °C). The cytocompatibility of the p(NIPAm-co-Am) NG sample was also tested on MDA-MB-231 cells at various sample concentrations. All the study results indicate that the p(NIPAm-co-Am) NG produced might be effective for drug loading and release under pH and temperature dual-stimuli conditions. As a result, the p(NIPAm-co-Am) NG system has the potential to be beneficial in the use of drug delivery applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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18
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Khrystonko O, Rimpelová S, Burianová T, Švorčík V, Lyutakov O, Elashnikov R. Smart multi stimuli-responsive electrospun nanofibers for on-demand drug release. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 648:338-347. [PMID: 37301158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAm-co-AAc) microgel-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers as temperature-, pH- and electro-responsive materials. First, the PNIPAm-co-AAc microgels were prepared by precipitation polymerization and then electrospun with PCL. The morphology of the prepared materials, analysed by scanning electron microscopy, showed a narrow nanofiber distribution in the range of 500-800 nm, depending on microgel content. Refractometry measurements, performed at pH4 and 6.5, as well as in distilled water, indicated the thermo- and pH-responsive behaviour of the nanofibers between 31 and 34 °C. After being thoroughly characterized, the prepared nanofibers were loaded with crystal violet (CV) or gentamicin as model drugs. The application of a pulsed voltage led to a pronounced increase in drug release kinetics, which was also dependent on microgel content. In addition, long-term temperature- and pH-responsive release was demonstrated. Next, the prepared materials displayed switchable antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Finally, cell compatibility tests showed that NIH 3T3 fibroblasts spread evenly over the nanofiber surface, confirming that the nanofibers serve as a favourable support for cell growth. Overall, the prepared nanofibers offer switchable drug release and appear to have considerable biomedical potential, particularly in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Khrystonko
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, The Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, The Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Burianová
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, The Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, The Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, The Czech Republic
| | - Roman Elashnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, The Czech Republic.
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19
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Fandrich P, Esteban Vázquez J, Haverkamp R, Hellweg T. Growth of Smart Microgels in a Flow Reactor Scrutinized by In-Line SAXS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1084-1092. [PMID: 36630721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a continuous flow setup for in situ investigation of microgel growth with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is established. Poly(N-n-propylacrylamide) (PNNPAM) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels are synthesized in H2O at different residence times inside a continuous flow reactor. The microgels are investigated by in situ SAXS and ex situ photon correlation spectroscopy. The size of the microgels was found to be reproducible in independent experiments with run times of up to 7 h. Already the scattering curves of the microgels with a time of residence of 15 min show a well-defined form factor. Further analysis of the scattering profiles confirms the spherical shape of the microgels. At a residence time of 2 min, the scattering intensity is significantly lower corresponding to a smaller particle size. The experimental conditions remain constant over time, which is crucial for long-time experiments. The PNNPAM system is found to be more suitable for the flow reactor experiment with in-line SAXS as it shows less polymer deposition in the tubing and forms particles with lower polydispersity. The presented reactor is characterized by a compact design and offers a plug-and-play setup close to the sample environment. This work paves the way for investigations of microgel growth at e.g. synchrotron X-ray beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Fandrich
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jorge Esteban Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - René Haverkamp
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615Bielefeld, Germany
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20
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Liang X, Shiomi K, Nakajima K. Study of the Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Single Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Chains Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8552, Japan
| | - Kohei Shiomi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8552, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo152-8552, Japan
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21
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Galeotti F, Scatena L, Trespidi F, Pasini M. A Comparative Study of Cellulose Ethers as Thermotropic Materials for Self-Tracking Solar Concentrators. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238464. [PMID: 36500552 PMCID: PMC9737304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continuous growth in energy demand requires researchers to find new solutions to enlarge and diversify the possible ways of exploiting renewable energy sources. Our idea is the development of a solar concentrator based on trapping the luminous radiation with a smart window. This system is able to direct light towards the photovoltaic cells placed on window borders and produce electricity, without any movable part and without changing its transparency. Herein, we report a detailed study of cellulose ethers, a class of materials of natural origin capable of changing their state, from transparent aqueous solution to scattering hydrogel, in response to a temperature change. Cellulose thermotropism can be used to produce a scattering spot in a window filled with the thermotropic fluid to create a new kind of self-tracking solar concentrator. We demonstrate that the properties of the thermotropic fluid can be finely tuned by selecting the cellulose functionalization, the co-dissolved salt, and by regulating their dosage. Lastly, the results of our investigation are tested in a proof-of-concept demonstration of solar concentration achieved by thermotropism-based light trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Scatena
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Trespidi
- Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Strada Torre della Razza, Loc. Le Mose, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.P.)
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22
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Haidari H, Vasilev K, Cowin AJ, Kopecki Z. Bacteria-Activated Dual pH- and Temperature-Responsive Hydrogel for Targeted Elimination of Infection and Improved Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51744-51762. [PMID: 36356210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial treatment that provides on-demand release of therapeutics that can kill a broad spectrum of pathogens while maintaining long-term efficacy and without developing resistance or causing side effects is urgently required in clinical practice. Here, we demonstrate the development of a multistimuli-responsive hydrogel, prepared by cross-linking N-isopropylacrylamide with acrylic acid and loaded with ultrasmall silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), offering the on-demand release of Ag+ ions triggered by changes in the wound microenvironment. We demonstrate that this dual-responsive hydrogel is highly sensitive to a typical wound pH and temperature change, evidenced by the restricted release of Ag+ ions at acidic pH (<5.5) while significantly promoting the release in alkaline pH (>7.4) (>90% release). The pH-dependent release and antibacterial effect show minimal killing at pH 4 or 5.5 but dramatically activated at pH 7.4 and 10, eliminating >95% of the pathogens. The in vivo antibacterial efficacy and safety showed a high potency to clear Staphylococcus aureus wound infection while significantly accelerating the wound healing rate. This multifunctional hydrogel presents a promising bacteria-responsive delivery platform that serves as an on-demand carrier to not only reduce side effects but also significantly boost the antibacterial efficiency based on physiological needs. It offers great potential to improve the way wound infections are treated with direct clinical implications, providing a single platform for long-lasting application in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Haidari
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Zlatko Kopecki
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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23
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Schlattmann D, Schönhoff M. Interplay of the Influence of Crosslinker Content and Model Drugs on the Phase Transition of Thermoresponsive PNiPAM-BIS Microgels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090571. [PMID: 36135283 PMCID: PMC9498534 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase transition behavior of differently crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (PNiPAM/BIS) microgels with varying crosslinker content is investigated in presence of aromatic additives. The influence of meta-hydroxybenzaldehyde (m-HBA) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2,4-DHBA), chosen as model drugs, on the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) is analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 1H-NMR, monitoring and comparing the structural, calorimetric, and dynamic phase transition, respectively. Generally, the VPTT is found to increase with crosslinker content, accompanied by a drastic decrease of transition enthalpy. The presence of an additive generally decreases the VPTT, but with distinct differences concerning the crosslinker content. While the structural transition is most affected at lowest crosslinker content, the calorimetric and dynamic transitions are most affected for an intermediate crosslinker content. Additive uptake of the collapsed gel is largest for low crosslinked microgels and in case of large additive-induced temperature shifts. Furthermore, as temperature is successively raised, 1H NMR data, aided by spin relaxation rates, reveal an interesting uptake behavior, as the microgels act in a sponge-like fashion including a large initial uptake and a squeeze-out phase above VPTT.
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24
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Synthesis of Ni Doped Iron Oxide Colloidal Nanocrystal Clusters using Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) templates for efficient recovery of cefixime and methylene blue. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Hussain I, Shahid M, Ali F, Irfan A, Farooqi ZH, Begum R. Methacrylic acid based microgels and hybrid microgels. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methacrylic acid based microgels have got much consideration in the last two decades because of their potential uses in different fields owing to their responsive behaviour towards external stimuli. Synthesis, properties and uses of methacrylic acid based microgels and their hybrids have been critically reviewed in this article. With minute change in external stimuli such as pH and ionic strength of medium, these microgels show quick swelling/deswelling reversibly. The methacrylic acid based microgels have been widely reported for applications in the area of nanotechnology, drug delivery, sensing and catalysis due to their responsive behaviour. A critical review of current research development in this field along with upcoming perception is presented here. This discussion is concluded with proposed probable future studies for additional growth in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ali
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , 1-KM Defence road , Main Campus , Lahore 53700 , Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor H. Farooqi
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
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26
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Wang Y, Cui H, Esworthy T, Mei D, Wang Y, Zhang LG. Emerging 4D Printing Strategies for Next-Generation Tissue Regeneration and Medical Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109198. [PMID: 34951494 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of 3D printing has led to considerable progress in the field of biomedical engineering. Notably, 4D printing provides a potential strategy to achieve a time-dependent physical change within tissue scaffolds or replicate the dynamic biological behaviors of native tissues for smart tissue regeneration and the fabrication of medical devices. The fabricated stimulus-responsive structures can offer dynamic, reprogrammable deformation or actuation to mimic complex physical, biochemical, and mechanical processes of native tissues. Although there is notable progress made in the development of the 4D printing approach for various biomedical applications, its more broad-scale adoption for clinical use and tissue engineering purposes is complicated by a notable limitation of printable smart materials and the simplistic nature of achievable responses possible with current sources of stimulation. In this review, the recent progress made in the field of 4D printing by discussing the various printing mechanisms that are achieved with great emphasis on smart ink mechanisms of 4D actuation, construct structural design, and printing technologies, is highlighted. Recent 4D printing studies which focus on the applications of tissue/organ regeneration and medical devices are then summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of 4D printing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Timothy Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronics Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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27
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New Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-butylacrylate) Copolymer Biointerfaces and Their Characteristic Influence on Cell Behavior In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073988. [PMID: 35409347 PMCID: PMC9000054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing and obtaining new synthetic smart biointerfaces with specific and controlled characteristics relevant for applications in biomedical and bioengineering domains represents one of the main challenges in these fields. In this work, Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) is used to obtain synthetic biointerfaces of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-butyl acrylate) p(NIPAM-BA) copolymer with different characteristics (i.e., roughness, porosity, wettability), and their effect on normal HEK 293 T and murine melanoma B16-F1 cells is studied. For this, the influence of various solvents (chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide, water) and fluence variation (250–450 mJ/cm2) on the morphological, roughness, wettability, and physico–chemical characteristics of the coatings are evaluated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, Fourier-transform-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Coatings obtained by the spin coating method are used for reference. No significant alteration in the chemistry of the surfaces is observed for the coatings obtained by both methods. All p(NIPAM-BA) coatings show hydrophilic character, with the exception of those obtained with chloroform at 250 mJ/cm2. The surface morphology is shown to depend on both solvent type and laser fluence and it ranges from smooth surfaces to rough and porous ones. Physico–chemical and biological analysis reveal that the MAPLE deposition method with fluences of 350–450 mJ/cm2 when using DMSO solvent is more appropriate for bioengineering applications due to the surface characteristics (i.e., pore presence) and to the good compatibility with normal cells and cytotoxicity against melanoma cells.
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28
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Xu X, Bizmark N, Christie KSS, Datta SS, Ren ZJ, Priestley RD. Thermoresponsive Polymers for Water Treatment and Collection. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Yasmeen N, Kalecki J, Borowicz P, Kutner W, Sharma PS. Electrochemically Initiated Synthesis of Polyacrylamide Microgels and Core-shell Particles. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:452-462. [PMID: 35059644 PMCID: PMC8762648 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a simple procedure for synthesizing micrometer-sized microgel particles as a suspension in an aqueous solution and thin films deposited as shells on different inorganic cores. A sufficiently high constant potential was applied to the working electrode to commence the initiator decomposition that resulted in gelation. Under hydrodynamic conditions, this initiation allowed preparing different morphology microgels at room temperature. Importantly, neither heating nor UV-light illumination was needed to initiate the polymerization. Moreover, thin films of the cross-linked gel were anchored on different core substrates, including silica and magnetic nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging confirmed the microgel particles' and films' irregular shape and porous structure. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the core coating with the microgel film was successful. Dynamic light scattering measured the micrometer size of gel particles with different combinations of acrylic monomers. Thermogravimetric analysis and the first-derivative thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the microgels' thermal stability of different compositions was different. Fourier-transform infrared and 13C NMR spectroscopy showed successful copolymerization of the main, functional, and cross-linking monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Yasmeen
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kalecki
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Borowicz
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush S. Sharma
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Stock S, von Klitzing R. Microgels at Droplet Interfaces of Water-in-Oil Emulsions - Challenges and Progress. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Parvathy PA, Ayobami AV, Raichur AM, Sahoo SK. Methacrylated alkali lignin grafted P(Nipam-Co-AAc) copolymeric hydrogels: Tuning the mechanical and stimuli-responsive properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:180-196. [PMID: 34619273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports the preparation of lignin grafted temperature and pH responsive hydrogels through copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid and varying amount of lignin methacrylate (LMA = 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg) as crosslinker adopting radical polymerization technique. Functional group and structural characterizations were carried out to confirm hydrogels synthesis and their network structure. The variation in pore size on addition of lignin revealed the tuning of pores as well as swelling capacity of the hydrogels by suitable amount of LMA. All LMA grafted hydrogels showed temperature responsive behavior and pH dependent sensitivity in swelling, with reduced equilibrium swelling capacity values compared to sample without lignin. In alkali medium at room temperature, the maximum swelling capacity with 48% higher retention was noticed, while a significant reduction in swelling was observed at 40 °C in all media. The addition of lignin still preserved the tensile strength up to 100 kPa and compressive load bearing ability up to 30 kPa in freeze dried state with adequate interfacial stress transfer. An increase in lignin concentration showed enhanced storage modulus (~two-fold increase), adequate loss modulus values and improved cell viability, which paves the way for possible biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Parvathy
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajisafe V Ayobami
- Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology lab, Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India
| | - Ashok M Raichur
- Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology lab, Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India
| | - Sushanta K Sahoo
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Kunene SC, Lin KS, Weng MT, Carrera Espinoza MJ, Wu CM. In vitro study of doxorubicin-loaded thermo- and pH-tunable carriers for targeted drug delivery to liver cancer cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Dabiri SMH, Samiei E, Shojaei S, Karperien L, Khun Jush B, Walsh T, Jahanshahi M, Hassanpour S, Hamdi D, Seyfoori A, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A, Akbari M. Multifunctional Thermoresponsive Microcarriers for High-Throughput Cell Culture and Enzyme-Free Cell Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103192. [PMID: 34558181 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An effective treatment of human diseases using regenerative medicine and cell therapy approaches requires a large number of cells. Cultivation of cells on microcarriers is a promising approach due to the high surface-to-volume ratios that these microcarriers offer. Here, multifunctional temperature-responsive microcarriers (cytoGel) made of an interpenetrating hydrogel network composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) are developed. A flow-focusing microfluidic chip is used to produce microcarriers with diameters in the range of 100-300 μm and uniform size distribution (polydispersity index of ≈0.08). The mechanical properties and cells adhesion properties of cytoGel are adjusted by changing the composition hydrogel composition. Notably, GelMA regulates the temperature response and enhances microcarrier stiffness. Human-derived glioma cells (U87) are grown on cytoGel in static and dynamic culture conditions with cell viabilities greater than 90%. Enzyme-free cell detachment is achieved at room temperature with up to 70% detachment efficiency. Controlled release of bioactive molecules from cytoGel is accomplished for over a week to showcase the potential use of microcarriers for localized delivery of growth factors to cell surfaces. These microcarriers hold great promise for the efficient expansion of cells for the industrial-scale culture of therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Hossein Dabiri
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ehsan Samiei
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lucas Karperien
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Bardia Khun Jush
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Tavia Walsh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Maryam Jahanshahi
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sadegh Hassanpour
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - David Hamdi
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Amir Seyfoori
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
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Naghieh S, Lindberg G, Tamaddon M, Liu C. Biofabrication Strategies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Evolution towards Clinical Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:123. [PMID: 34562945 PMCID: PMC8466376 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication has emerged as an attractive strategy to personalise medical care and provide new treatments for common organ damage or diseases. While it has made impactful headway in e.g., skin grafting, drug testing and cancer research purposes, its application to treat musculoskeletal tissue disorders in a clinical setting remains scarce. Albeit with several in vitro breakthroughs over the past decade, standard musculoskeletal treatments are still limited to palliative care or surgical interventions with limited long-term effects and biological functionality. To better understand this lack of translation, it is important to study connections between basic science challenges and developments with translational hurdles and evolving frameworks for this fully disruptive technology that is biofabrication. This review paper thus looks closely at the processing stage of biofabrication, specifically at the bioinks suitable for musculoskeletal tissue fabrication and their trends of usage. This includes underlying composite bioink strategies to address the shortfalls of sole biomaterials. We also review recent advances made to overcome long-standing challenges in the field of biofabrication, namely bioprinting of low-viscosity bioinks, controlled delivery of growth factors, and the fabrication of spatially graded biological and structural scaffolds to help biofabricate more clinically relevant constructs. We further explore the clinical application of biofabricated musculoskeletal structures, regulatory pathways, and challenges for clinical translation, while identifying the opportunities that currently lie closest to clinical translation. In this article, we consider the next era of biofabrication and the overarching challenges that need to be addressed to reach clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Gabriella Lindberg
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Maryam Tamaddon
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, University College London, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
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35
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Nagase K. Thermoresponsive interfaces obtained using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based copolymer for bioseparation and tissue engineering applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 295:102487. [PMID: 34314989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is the most well-known and widely used stimuli-responsive polymer in the biomedical field owing to its ability to undergo temperature-dependent hydration and dehydration with temperature variations, causing hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations. This temperature-dependent property of PNIPAAm provides functionality to interfaces containing PNIPAAm. Notably, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic alterations caused by the change in the temperature-responsive property of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces induce temperature-modulated interactions with biomolecules, proteins, and cells. This intrinsic property of PNIPAAm can be effectively used in various biomedical applications, particularly in bioseparation and tissue engineering applications, owing to the functionality of PNIPAAm-modified interfaces based on the temperature modulation of the interaction between PNIPAAm-modified interfaces and biomolecules and cells. This review focuses on PNIPAAm-modified interfaces in terms of preparation method, properties, and their applications. Advances in PNIPAAm-modified interfaces for existing and developing applications are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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36
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Schmidt M, Franken A, Wilms D, Fehm T, Neubauer HJ, Schmidt S. Selective Adhesion and Switchable Release of Breast Cancer Cells via Hyaluronic Acid Functionalized Dual Stimuli-Responsive Microgel Films. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6371-6380. [PMID: 35006876 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The detection of tumor cells from liquid biopsy samples is of critical importance for early cancer diagnosis, malignancy assessment, and treatment. In this work, coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA)-functionalized dual-stimuli responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels are used to study the specificity of breast cancer cell binding and to assess cell friendly release mechanisms for further diagnostic procedures. The microgels are established by straightforward precipitation polymerization with amine bearing comonomers and postfunctionalization with a UV-labile linker that covalently binds HA to the microgel network. Well-defined microgel coatings for cell binding are established via simple physisorption and annealing. The HA-presenting PNIPAM microgel films are shown to specifically adhere CD44 expressing breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), where an increase in adhesion correlates with higher CD44 expression and HA functionalization. Upon cooling below the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM microgels, the cells could be released; however, 10-30% of the cells still remained on the surface even after prolonged cooling and mild mechanical agitation. A complete cell release is achieved after applying the light stimulus by short UV treatment cleaving HA units from the microgels. Owing to the comparatively straightforward preparation procedures, such dual-responsive microgel films could be considered for the effective capture, release, and diagnostics of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André Franken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Life Science Center, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dimitri Wilms
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Life Science Center, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans J Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Life Science Center, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz 1A, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sharma A, Raghunathan K, Solhaug H, Antony J, Stenvik J, Nilsen AM, Einarsrud MA, Bandyopadhyay S. Modulating acrylic acid content of nanogels for drug delivery & biocompatibility studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:76-88. [PMID: 34492356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dual stimuli-responsive nanogels (NGs) have gained popularity in the field of bio medicine due to their versatile nature of applicability. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(acrylic acid) (pNIPAm-pAAc)-based NGs provide such dual stimuli-response with pNIPAm and pAAc providing thermal and pH-based responses, respectively. Studying the growth of these NGs, as well as, understanding the effect of the incorporation of pAAc in the NG matrix, is important in determining the physico-chemical properties of the NG. Studies have been conducted investigating the effect of increasing pAAc content in the NGs, however, these are not detailed in understanding its effects on the physico-chemical properties of the pNIPAm-pAAc-based NGs. Also, the biocompatibility of the NGs have not been previously reported using human whole blood model. Herein, we report the effect of different reaction parameters, such as surfactant amount and reaction atmosphere, on the growth of pNIPAm-pAAc-based NGs. It is shown that the size of the NGs can be precisely controlled from ~130 nm to ~400 nm, by varying the amount of surfactant and the reaction atmosphere. The effect of increasing incorporation of pAAc in the NG matrix on its physico-chemical properties has been investigated. The potential of these NGs as drug delivery vehicles is investigated by conducting loading and release studies of a model protein drug, cytochrome C (Cyt C) from the NGs at temperature above the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) and acidic pH. An ex vivo human whole blood model was used to investigate biocompatibility of the NGs by quantifying inflammatory responses during NG exposure. The NGs did not induce any significant production of chemokine IL-8 or pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and the cell viability in human whole blood was maintained during 4 h exposure. The NGs did neither activate the complement system, as determined by low Terminal Complement Complex (TCC) activation and Complement Receptor 3 (CR3) activation assays, thereby overall suggesting that the NGs could be potential candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvansh Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Helene Solhaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jibin Antony
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Magne Nilsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari-Ann Einarsrud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
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Rinoldi C, Lanzi M, Fiorelli R, Nakielski P, Zembrzycki K, Kowalewski T, Urbanek O, Grippo V, Jezierska-Woźniak K, Maksymowicz W, Camposeo A, Bilewicz R, Pisignano D, Sanai N, Pierini F. Three-Dimensional Printable Conductive Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel for Neural Tissue Applications. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3084-3098. [PMID: 34151565 PMCID: PMC8462755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Intrinsically
conducting polymers (ICPs) are widely used to fabricate
biomaterials; their application in neural tissue engineering, however,
is severely limited because of their hydrophobicity and insufficient
mechanical properties. For these reasons, soft conductive polymer
hydrogels (CPHs) are recently developed, resulting in a water-based
system with tissue-like mechanical, biological, and electrical properties.
The strategy of incorporating ICPs as a conductive component into
CPHs is recently explored by synthesizing the hydrogel around ICP
chains, thus forming a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN).
In this work, a novel conductive semi-IPN hydrogel is designed and
synthesized. The hybrid hydrogel is based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-isopropylmethacrylamide)
hydrogel where polythiophene is introduced as an ICP to provide the
system with good electrical properties. The fabrication of the hybrid
hydrogel in an aqueous medium is made possible by modifying and synthesizing
the monomers of polythiophene to ensure water solubility. The morphological,
chemical, thermal, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties
of semi-IPNs were fully investigated. Additionally, the biological
response of neural progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells in
contact with the conductive semi-IPN was evaluated in terms of neural
differentiation and proliferation. Lastly, the potential of the hydrogel
solution as a 3D printing ink was evaluated through the 3D laser printing
method. The presented results revealed that the proposed 3D printable
conductive semi-IPN system is a good candidate as a scaffold for neural
tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Roberto Fiorelli
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Paweł Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zembrzycki
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Olga Urbanek
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Valentina Grippo
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jezierska-Woźniak
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 11-041, Poland
| | - Wojciech Maksymowicz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 11-041, Poland
| | - Andrea Camposeo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Dario Pisignano
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nader Sanai
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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Abbas M, Moradi F, Hu W, Regudo KL, Osborne M, Pettipas J, Atallah DS, Hachem R, Ott-Peron N, Stuart JA. Vertebrate cell culture as an experimental approach – limitations and solutions. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 254:110570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Dirksen M, Kinder TA, Brändel T, Hellweg T. Temperature Controlled Loading and Release of the Anti-Inflammatory Drug Cannabidiol by Smart Microgels. Molecules 2021; 26:3181. [PMID: 34073361 PMCID: PMC8199058 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CBD is a promising candidate for treatment of many diseases and plays a major role in the growing trend to produce high-end drugs from natural, renewable resources. In the present work, we demonstrate a way to incorporate the anti-inflammatory drug CBD into smart microgel particles. The copolymer microgels that we chose as carrier systems exhibit a volume phase transition temperature of 39 ∘C, which is just above normal body temperature and makes them ideal candidates for hyperthermia treatment. While a simple loading route of CBD was not successful due to the enormous hydrophobicity of CBD, an alternative route was developed by immersing the microgels in ethanol. Despite the expected loss of thermoresponsive behaviour of the microgel matrix due to the solvent exchange, a temperature-dependent release of CBD was detected by the material, creating an interesting question of interactions between CBD and the microgel particles in ethanol. Furthermore, the method developed for loading of the microgel particles with CBD in ethanol was further improved by a subsequent transfer of the loaded particles into water, which proves to be an even more promising approach due to the successful temperature-dependent release of the drug above the collapse temperature of the microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Dirksen
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.D.); (T.B.)
| | | | - Timo Brändel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.D.); (T.B.)
- Daikin Chemical Europe GmbH, Am Wehrhahn 50, 40211 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.D.); (T.B.)
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41
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Franco S, Ruzicka B. Chemical-Physical Behaviour of Microgels Made of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of PNIPAM and Poly(acrylic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091353. [PMID: 33919087 PMCID: PMC8122350 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgels composed of stimuli responsive polymers have attracted worthwhile interest as model colloids for theorethical and experimental studies and for nanotechnological applications. A deep knowledge of their behaviour is fundamental for the design of new materials. Here we report the current understanding of a dual responsive microgel composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a temperature sensitive polymer, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), a pH sensitive polymer, at different temperatures, PAAc contents, concentrations, solvents and pH. The combination of multiple techniques as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Raman spectroscopy, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), rheology and electrophoretic measurements allow to investigate the hydrodynamic radius behaviour across the typical Volume Phase Transition (VPT), the involved molecular mechanism and the internal particle structure together with the viscoelastic properties and the role of ionic charge in the aggregation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 45121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elena Buratti
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Silvia Franco
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria (SBAI), Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
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42
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Kozhunova EY, Rudyak VY, Li X, Shibayama M, Peters GS, Vyshivannaya OV, Nasimova IR, Chertovich AV. Microphase separation of stimuli-responsive interpenetrating network microgels investigated by scattering methods. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 597:297-305. [PMID: 33872886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymer stimuli-responsive microgels find their use in various applications. The knowledge of its internal structure is of importance for further improvement and expanding the scope. Interpenetrating network (IPN) microgels may possess a remarkable feature of strongly non-uniform inner architecture, even microphase separation, in conditions of a selective solvent. In this research, we, for the first time, use a combination of static light scattering (SLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques to collect the structure factors of aqueous dispersions of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-polyacrylic acid IPN microgels on the broad scale ofqvalues. We study the influence of solvent quality on microgel conformations and show that in a selective solvent, such a system undergoes microphase separation: the sub-network in a poor solvent conditions forms dense small aggregates inside the large swollen sub-network in a good solvent. We propose the microstructured sphere model for the IPN microgel structure factor interpretation and perform additional analysis and verification through coarse-grained molecular dynamics computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Xiang Li
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
| | - Georgy S Peters
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl., 1, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana V Vyshivannaya
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Irina R Nasimova
- Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia; Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Nasimova IR, Rudyak VY, Doroganov AP, Kharitonova EP, Kozhunova EY. Microstructured Macromaterials Based on IPN Microgels. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071078. [PMID: 33805579 PMCID: PMC8036913 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the formation of microstructured macromaterials from thermo- and pH-sensitive microgels based on interpenetrating networks of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Macromaterials are produced as a result of the deposition of microgel particles and subsequent crosslinking of polyacrylic acid subnetworks to each other due to the formation of the anhydride bonds during annealing. Since both PNIPAM and PAA are environment-sensitive polymers, one can expect that their conformational state during material development will affect its resulting properties. Thus, the influence of conditions of preparation for annealing (pH of the solution, the temperature of preliminary drying) on the swelling behavior, pH- and thermosensitivity, and macromaterial inner structure was investigated. In parallel, the study of the effect of the relative conformations of the IPN microgel subnetworks on the formation of macromaterials was carried out by the computer simulations method. It was shown that the properties of the prepared macromaterials strongly depend both on the temperature and pH of the PNIPAM-PAA IPN microgel dispersions. This opens up new opportunities to obtain materials with pre-chosen characteristics and environmental sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Rashitovna Nasimova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
- Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Yurievich Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Anton Pavlovich Doroganov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Elena Petrovna Kharitonova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Elena Yurievna Kozhunova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.Y.R.); (A.P.D.); (E.P.K.); (E.Y.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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44
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Fan X, Wu L, Yang L. Fabrication and characterization of thermoresponsive composite carriers: PNIPAAm-grafted glass spheres. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Processing capacity and product yield of three-dimensional (3D) smart responsive carriers are markedly superior to those of two-dimensional substrates with the same compositions due to the special structure; therefore, more attempts have been made to develop the 3D intelligent systems in recent decades. A novel preparation strategy of thermoresponsive glass sphere-based composite carriers was reported in this study. First, PNIPAAm copolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPM), and 3-trimethoxysilypropyl methacrylate (TMSPM). Then, the copolymer solution was sprayed on the surfaces of glass spheres using a self-made bottom-spray fluidized bed reactor, and the bonding between copolymers and glass spheres was fabricated by thermal annealing to form PNIPAAm copolymer/glass sphere composite carriers. The coating effects of PNIPAAm copolymers on sphere surfaces were investigated, including characteristic functional groups, surface microstructure, grafting density, equilibrium swelling, as well as biocompatibility and potential application for cell culture. The results show that the temperature-responsive PNIPAAm copolymers can be linked to the surfaces of glass spheres by bottom-spray coating technology, and the copolymer layers can be formed on the sphere surfaces. The composite carriers have excellent thermosensitivity and favorable biocompatibility, and they are available for effective cell adhesion and spontaneous cell detachment by the use of smart responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Fan
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , China
| | - Liyan Wu
- College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University , Shenyang 110866 , China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University , Fushun 113001 , China
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45
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Microgel structure-driven linear and non-linear mechanical properties of self-assembled microgel films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.126082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Micro- to Nanoscale Bio-Hybrid Hydrogels Engineered by Ionizing Radiation. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010047. [PMID: 33396401 PMCID: PMC7824687 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-hybrid hydrogels consist of a water-swollen hydrophilic polymer network encapsulating or conjugating single biomolecules, or larger and more complex biological constructs like whole cells. By modulating at least one dimension of the hydrogel system at the micro- or nanoscale, the activity of the biological component can be extremely upgraded with clear advantages for the development of therapeutic or diagnostic micro- and nano-devices. Gamma or e-beam irradiation of polymers allow a good control of the chemistry at the micro-/nanoscale with minimal recourse to toxic reactants and solvents. Another potential advantage is to obtain simultaneous sterilization when the absorbed doses are within the sterilization dose range. This short review will highlight opportunities and challenges of the radiation technologies to produce bio-hybrid nanogels as delivery devices of therapeutic biomolecules to the target cells, tissues, and organs, and to create hydrogel patterns at the nano-length and micro-length scales on surfaces.
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47
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Biointerface Materials for Cellular Adhesion: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ACTUATORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/act9040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While many natural instances of adhesion between cells and biological macromolecules have been elucidated, understanding how to mimic these adhesion events remains to be a challenge. Discovering new biointerface materials that can provide an appropriate environment, and in some cases, also providing function similar to the body’s own extracellular matrix, would be highly beneficial to multiple existing applications in biomedical and biological engineering, and provide the necessary insight for the advancement of new technology. Such examples of current applications that would benefit include biosensors, high-throughput screening and tissue engineering. From a mechanical perspective, these biointerfaces would function as bioactuators that apply focal adhesion points onto cells, allowing them to move and migrate along a surface, making biointerfaces a very relevant application in the field of actuators. While it is evident that great strides in progress have been made in the area of synthetic biointerfaces, we must also acknowledge their current limitations as described in the literature, leading to an inability to completely function and dynamically respond like natural biointerfaces. In this review, we discuss the methods, materials and, possible applications of biointerface materials used in the current literature, and the trends for future research in this area.
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Ashfaq A, Clochard MC, Coqueret X, Dispenza C, Driscoll MS, Ulański P, Al-Sheikhly M. Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2877. [PMID: 33266261 PMCID: PMC7760743 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has become the most effective way to modify natural and synthetic polymers through crosslinking, degradation, and graft polymerization. This review will include an in-depth analysis of radiation chemistry mechanisms and the kinetics of the radiation-induced C-centered free radical, anion, and cation polymerization, and grafting. It also presents sections on radiation modifications of synthetic and natural polymers. For decades, low linear energy transfer (LLET) ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and up to 10 MeV electron beams, has been the primary tool to produce many products through polymerization reactions. Photons and electrons interaction with polymers display various mechanisms. While the interactions of gamma ray and X-ray photons are mainly through the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair-production, the interactions of the high-energy electrons take place through coulombic interactions. Despite the type of radiation used on materials, photons or high energy electrons, in both cases ions and electrons are produced. The interactions between electrons and monomers takes place within less than a nanosecond. Depending on the dose rate (dose is defined as the absorbed radiation energy per unit mass), the kinetic chain length of the propagation can be controlled, hence allowing for some control over the degree of polymerization. When polymers are submitted to high-energy radiation in the bulk, contrasting behaviors are observed with a dominant effect of cross-linking or chain scission, depending on the chemical nature and physical characteristics of the material. Polymers in solution are subject to indirect effects resulting from the radiolysis of the medium. Likewise, for radiation-induced polymerization, depending on the dose rate, the free radicals generated on polymer chains can undergo various reactions, such as inter/intramolecular combination or inter/intramolecular disproportionation, b-scission. These reactions lead to structural or functional polymer modifications. In the presence of oxygen, playing on irradiation dose-rates, one can favor crosslinking reactions or promotes degradations through oxidations. The competition between the crosslinking reactions of C-centered free radicals and their reactions with oxygen is described through fundamental mechanism formalisms. The fundamentals of polymerization reactions are herein presented to meet industrial needs for various polymer materials produced or degraded by irradiation. Notably, the medical and industrial applications of polymers are endless and thus it is vital to investigate the effects of sterilization dose and dose rate on various polymers and copolymers with different molecular structures and morphologies. The presence or absence of various functional groups, degree of crystallinity, irradiation temperature, etc. all greatly affect the radiation chemistry of the irradiated polymers. Over the past decade, grafting new chemical functionalities on solid polymers by radiation-induced polymerization (also called RIG for Radiation-Induced Grafting) has been widely exploited to develop innovative materials in coherence with actual societal expectations. These novel materials respond not only to health emergencies but also to carbon-free energy needs (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells, piezoelectricity, etc.) and environmental concerns with the development of numerous specific adsorbents of chemical hazards and pollutants. The modification of polymers through RIG is durable as it covalently bonds the functional monomers. As radiation penetration depths can be varied, this technique can be used to modify polymer surface or bulk. The many parameters influencing RIG that control the yield of the grafting process are discussed in this review. These include monomer reactivity, irradiation dose, solvent, presence of inhibitor of homopolymerization, grafting temperature, etc. Today, the general knowledge of RIG can be applied to any solid polymer and may predict, to some extent, the grafting location. A special focus is on how ionizing radiation sources (ion and electron beams, UVs) may be chosen or mixed to combine both solid polymer nanostructuration and RIG. LLET ionizing radiation has also been extensively used to synthesize hydrogel and nanogel for drug delivery systems and other advanced applications. In particular, nanogels can either be produced by radiation-induced polymerization and simultaneous crosslinking of hydrophilic monomers in "nanocompartments", i.e., within the aqueous phase of inverse micelles, or by intramolecular crosslinking of suitable water-soluble polymers. The radiolytically produced oxidizing species from water, •OH radicals, can easily abstract H-atoms from the backbone of the dissolved polymers (or can add to the unsaturated bonds) leading to the formation of C-centered radicals. These C-centered free radicals can undergo two main competitive reactions; intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking. When produced by electron beam irradiation, higher temperatures, dose rates within the pulse, and pulse repetition rates favour intramolecular crosslinking over intermolecular crosslinking, thus enabling a better control of particle size and size distribution. For other water-soluble biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, DNA and RNA, the abstraction of H atoms or the addition to the unsaturation by •OH can lead to the direct scission of the backbone, double, or single strand breaks of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Marie-Claude Clochard
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS-CNRS- Ecole Polytechnique UMR 7642, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Xavier Coqueret
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Clelia Dispenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Istituto di BioFisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark S. Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- UV/EB Technology Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Piotr Ulański
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Buratti E, Sanzari I, Dinelli F, Prodromakis T, Bertoldo M. Formation and Stability of Smooth Thin Films with Soft Microgels Made of Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(Acrylic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2638. [PMID: 33182647 PMCID: PMC7697199 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, soft microgels of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) at two different sizes and of interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) composed of PNIPAm and Poly(Acrylic Acid) (PAAc) were synthesized. Then, solutions of these different types of microgels have been spin-coated on glass substrates with different degrees of hydrophobicity. PNIPAm particles with a larger diameter form either patches or a continuous layer, where individual particles are still distinct, depending on the dispersion concentration and spin speed. On the other, PNIPAm particles with a smaller diameter and IPN particles form a continuous and smooth film, with a thickness depending on the dispersion concentration and spin-speed. The difference in morphology observed can be explained if one considers that the microgels may behave as colloidal particles or macromolecules, depending on their size and composition. Additionally, the microgel size and composition can also affect the stability of the depositions when rinsed in water. In particular, we find that the smooth and continuous films show a stimuli-dependent stability on parameters such as temperature and pH, while large particle layers are stable under any condition except on hydrophilic glass by washing at 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Buratti
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IPCF-CNR), sede di Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), sede Sapienza, Pz.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sanzari
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (I.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Franco Dinelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (INO-CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Themistoklis Prodromakis
- Zepler Institute for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (I.S.); (T.P.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattivitá del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISOF-CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 45121 Ferrara, Italy
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Kim H, Witt H, Oswald TA, Tarantola M. Adhesion of Epithelial Cells to PNIPAm Treated Surfaces for Temperature-Controlled Cell-Sheet Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33516-33529. [PMID: 32631046 PMCID: PMC7467562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive polymer coatings are a common motive for designing surfaces for cell biological applications. In the present study, we have characterized temperature dependent adhesive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) microgel coated surfaces (PMS) using various atomic force microscopy based approaches. We imaged and quantified the material properties of PMS upon a temperature switch using quantitative AFM imaging but also employed single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) before and after decreasing the temperature to assess the forces and work of initial adhesion between cells and PMS. We performed a detailed analysis of steps in the force-distance curves. Finally, we applied colloid probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) to analyze the adhesive properties of two major components of the extracellular matrix to PMS under temperature control, namely collagen I and fibronectin. In combination with confocal imaging, we could show that these two ECM components differ in their detachment properties from PNIPAm microgel films upon cell harvesting, and thus gained a deeper understanding of cell-sheet maturation and harvesting process and the involved partial ECM dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Kim
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tabea A. Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Tarantola
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- E-mail: . Phone: +49-551-5176-316
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