1
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Ali DA, Ali RG. Green synthesis of Carbonized Chitosan-Fe 3O 4-SiO 2 nano-composite for adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. BMC Chem 2024; 18:147. [PMID: 39118139 PMCID: PMC11308582 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Water pollution with heavy metals owing to industrial and agricultural activities have become a critical dilemma to humans, plants as well as the marine environment. Therefore, it is of great importance that the carcinogenic heavy metals present in wastewater to be eliminated through designing treatment technologies that can remove multiple pollutants. A novel green magnetic nano-composite called (Carbonized Chitosan-Fe3O4-SiO2) was synthesized using Co-precipitation method to adsorb a mixture of heavy metal ions included; cobalt (Co2+), nickel (Ni2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions from aqueous solutions. The novelty of this study was the synthesis of a new nano-composite which was green with magnetic properties to be more sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its magnetic properties made it separated easily from solutions after accomplishment of the adsorption process using a magnet. Extended Freundlich isotherm was the best fitted model with maximum adsorption capacity of the metal ions mixture 2908.92 mg/g. Different experimental parameters have been studied included the initial concentration for a mixture of nickel, cobalt and copper metal ions (0.05-0.1 molar), dosage of adsorbent (0.5-3.5 g/L) and contact time (6-90 min) to investigate their changing effect on the removal percents of the heavy metal ions mixture from aqueous solutions. The experimental adsorption percent of cobalt ion ranged from 1.58 to 64.28%, nickel ion adsorption percent ranged from 10.68 to 94.12% and copper ion adsorption percent ranged from 4.41 to 76.23% at pH = 9 were based on the combination of the adsorption process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Amer Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837, Egypt.
| | - Rinad Galal Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837, Egypt
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2
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Amer Ali D, Ibrahim ME. Optimization using central composite design for continuous absorption of CO 2 gas with green sodium silicate in a packed bed column. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32953. [PMID: 38988531 PMCID: PMC11234039 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
If absolutely nothing is taken to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide will rise to 550 parts per million by 2050, which will have disastrous effects on the world's climate and food production. An apparatus has been designed and setup to convert CO2 into a useful and vital product which was silica. The effect of different experimental factors on the compositions by weight percent of SiO2 and Na2CO3 were studied including the CO2 gas flow rate (1.037, 1.648 and 2.26 L/min), initial concentration of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution (5, 7.5 and 10 %wt) and the packing size (15.95, 20.175, and 24.4 mm). An optimization process was performed using the Design Expert software program to achieve the optimum experimental conditions at which the maximum weight percent of SiO2 (main product), the minimum weight percent of (Na2CO3) (side product) and the minimum reaction time were determined. From the optimization process, the maximum weight percent of SiO2 (25.63 %), the minimum weight percent of (Na2CO3) (9.62 %) and the minimum reaction time (7.59 min) were achieved at the following optimum experimental conditions of CO2 gas flow rate = 1.648 L/min, packing size = 24.4 mm and initial concentration of sodium silicate solution = 10 %wt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Amer Ali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Essam Ibrahim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, 11837, Egypt
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3
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Keawkumay C, Krukkratoke P, Youngjan S, Osakoo N, Deekamwong K, Khemthong P, Phanthasri J, Prayoonpokarach S, Wittayakun J. Extraction of silica from sugarcane bagasse ash and its utilization in zeolite 4A synthesis for CO 2 adsorption. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19472-19482. [PMID: 38887648 PMCID: PMC11181773 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) is a solid waste containing a high amount of silica (SiO2) and is suitable to utilize as a silica source for synthesizing zeolite NaA. SCBA is typically calcined at high temperatures before silica extraction. The method is not environmentally friendly because it consumes energy and produces CO2. This work demonstrates an alternative extraction method of SiO2 from SCBA by treating it with hydrochloric (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The obtained mixture was separated by paper filter No. 1 (P) and a combination of paper filter and syringe filter (PS). The solution was neutralized by HCl solution, producing silica (SiO2-P and SiO2-PS) with a purity of 98 wt%. Both SiO2 samples and SCBA were utilized to synthesize zeolite NaA for CO2 adsorption. The CO2 adsorption capacities of NaA-P and NaA-PS were 4.30 and 4.10 mmol gadsorbent -1, in the same range as commercial NaA. The capacity is influenced by the total basicity of zeolite. The CO2 adsorption behavior of all samples correlates well with the Toth model. The CO2 adsorption kinetics agrees well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Overall, this work shows the successful extraction of silica via using a direct NaOH solution, yielding high-purity silica sufficient for synthesizing zeolite NaA, a promising adsorbent of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalermpan Keawkumay
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
| | - Panot Krukkratoke
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
| | - Saran Youngjan
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Thailand
| | - Nattawut Osakoo
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
| | - Krittanun Deekamwong
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
| | - Pongtanawat Khemthong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Thailand
| | - Jakkapop Phanthasri
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Thailand
| | | | - Jatuporn Wittayakun
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology Thailand
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4
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Stem AD, Gibb M, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Brown JM. Health burden of sugarcane burning on agricultural workers and nearby communities. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:327-342. [PMID: 38349733 PMCID: PMC11260540 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2316875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with equatorial developing nations performing most of this agriculture. Burning sugarcane is a common practice to facilitate harvest, producing extremely high volumes of respirable particulate matter in the process. These emissions are known to have deleterious effects on agricultural workers and nearby communities, but the extent of this exposure and potential toxicity remain poorly characterized. As the epidemicof chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu) and its associated mortality continue to increase along with respiratory distress, there is an urgent need to investigate the causes, determine viable interventions to mitigate disease andimprove outcomes for groups experiencing disproportionate impact. The goal of this review is to establish the state of available literature, summarize what is known in terms of human health risk, and provide recommendations for what areas should be prioritized in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D. Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Carlos A. Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension,University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension,University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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5
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Silviana S, Sumardiono S, Ariyanti D, Pramudono B, Ramadhan FA, Pehang RF, Silvester RV, Puspa MB. Modified mesoporous silica derived from bamboo leaf using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane as CO 2 adsorbent in biogas purification. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:533-547. [PMID: 38485804 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The calorific value of post-fermentation biogas is a way down below standard and quite low due to the presence of high amount level of carbon dioxide (CO2) biogas mixture. Therefore, it raises the need to process the biogas, separating it from CO2 in order to obtain high-purity biogas as well as to maximize its calorific value. One widely available material that can be used as a sustainable carbon capture adsorbent is silica extracted from bamboo leaves. However, so that silica can act as CO2 adsorber, it is necessary to modify the surface of silica with CTAB and APTES (3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane). In this study, 2-stage method was carried out, namely preparation of mesoporous silica and surface modification using APTES on the mesoporous silica. Experiments in synthesizing APTES-modified silica were obtained by varying its composition: CTAB (1.5-5%w), (HCl 1.5-5 N), and APTES (10-30%). A central composite design (CCD) was employed in exploring the interaction between all variables and also performed for the optimization. Through analysis of variance, it shows that optimum CO2 adsorption capacity reaches 47.02 mg g-1, by applying 4.98% of CTAB, 4.28 N of HCl and 10.08% of APTES. Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Redlich-Peterson isotherm models are more representative to show the adsorption behavior of CO2 into the modified silica. The results show that the modified silica with APTES shows a prospective application of silica for CO2 removal from biogas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Silviana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia.
| | - Siswo Sumardiono
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Ariyanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Pramudono
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Azis Ramadhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Rizqi Furqon Pehang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Reynold Valentino Silvester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Meitri Bella Puspa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia
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6
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Lehmusto J, Tesfaye F, Karlström O, Hupa L. Ashes from challenging fuels in the circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 177:211-231. [PMID: 38342059 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In line with the objectives of the circular economy, the conversion of waste streams to useful and valuable side streams is a central goal. Ash represents one of the main industrial side-products, and using ashes in other than the present landfilling applications is, therefore, a high priority. This paper reviews the properties and utilization of ashes of different biomass power plants and waste incinerations, with a focus on the past decade. Possibilities for ash utilization are of uttermost importance in terms of circular economy and disposal of landfills. However, considering its applicability, ash originating from the heat treatment of chemically complex fuels, such as biomass and waste poses several challenges such as high heavy metal content and the presence of toxic and/or corrosive species. Furthermore, the physical properties of the ash might limit its usability. Nevertheless, numerous studies addressing the utilization possibilities of challenging ash in various applications have been carried out over the past decade. This review, with over 300 references, surveys the field of research, focusing on the utilization of biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) ashes. Also, metal and phosphorus recovery from different ashes is addressed. It can be concluded that the key beneficial properties of the ash types addressed in this review are based on their i) alkaline nature suitable for neutralization reactions, ii) high adsorption capabilities to be used in CO2 capture and waste treatment, and iii) large surface area and appropriate chemical composition for the catalyst industry. Especially, ashes rich in Al2O3 and SiO2 have proven to be promising alternative catalysts in various industrial processes and as precursors for synthetic zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Lehmusto
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland.
| | - Fiseha Tesfaye
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Oskar Karlström
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland; Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Hupa
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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7
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Ranjan R, Bhatt SB, Rai R, Sharma SK, Verma M, Dhar P. Valorization of sugarcane bagasse with in situ grown MoS 2 for continuous pollutant remediation and microbial decontamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:17494-17510. [PMID: 38342834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SB) was strategically subjected to a delignification process followed by the in situ growth of multi-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets with hexagonal phase (2H-phase) crystal structure via hydrothermal treatment. The MoS2 nanosheets underwent self-assembly to form nanoflower-like structures in the aligned cellulose inter-channels of delignified sugarcane bagasse (DSB), the mechanism of which was understood through FTIR and XPS spectroscopic studies. DSB, due to its porous morphology and abundant hydroxyl groups, shows remediation capabilities of methylene blue (MB) dye through physio-sorption but shows a low adsorption capacity of 80.21 mg/g. To improve the removal capacity, DSB after in situ growth of MoS2 (DSB-MoS2) shows enhanced dye degradation to 114.3 mg/g (in the dark) which further improved to 158.74 mg/g during photodegradation, due to catalytically active MoS2. Interestingly, DSB-MoS2 was capable of continuous dye degradation with recyclability for three cycles, reaching an efficiency of > 83%, along with a strong antibacterial response against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The present study introduces a unique strategy for the up-conversion of agricultural biomass into value-added bio-adsorbents, which can effectively and economically address the remediation of dyes with simultaneous microbial decontamination from polluted wastewater streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Smruti B Bhatt
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sanju Kumari Sharma
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Muskan Verma
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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8
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Ubi PA, Ademoh NA, Anosike-Francis EN, Salawu AA, Adeleke AA, Okoro UG, Abdullahi AA, Ngolemasango F. Rice husk silica blended fillers for engine mount application. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3055. [PMID: 38321216 PMCID: PMC10847492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional properties of engine mounts largely depend on the rubber compound formulation. This study proposes the use of rice husk-derived silica (RHS) blended with carbon black (N772) as an effective and environmentally friendly substitute for fillers used in rubber engine mounts (REMs). CV-60 natural rubber was filled with the blended fillers at various ratios, and their compatibility for use as rubber engine mounts (REMs) was assessed. Grey Relational Analysis was utilised to determine the optimal blend loading levels for use in rubber engine mounts, resulting in 40 phr of N772 and 20 phr of RHS cured at 130 °C and 2.5 MPa for 20 min. The developed REMs and conventional REMs had low vibration data variation during the performance assessment. Their resonance transmissibility was 5.03 and 3.74, corresponding to natural frequencies of 24.27 Hz and 26.94 Hz, respectively. The RHS/N772 REMs had excellent damping characteristics and lower transmissibility in the isolation zone of the vibration isolation curve, which is outside of the resonant frequency region. The efficiency curves showed that the blended fillers are a better and more effective material for REMs at all frequencies, balancing static deflection and vibration isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschal A Ubi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
| | - Nuhu A Ademoh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Esther N Anosike-Francis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Plot 681, Cadastral Zone C, Airport Road, Jabi, Abuja, Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
| | - Abdulrahman A Salawu
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle A Adeleke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Plot 681, Cadastral Zone C, Airport Road, Jabi, Abuja, Abuja Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Uzoma G Okoro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu A Abdullahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Frederick Ngolemasango
- Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- DTR/VMS, Aintree Avenue, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, UK
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9
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Stem AD, Rogers KL, Roede JR, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Brown JM. Sugarcane ash and sugarcane ash-derived silica nanoparticles alter cellular metabolism in human proximal tubular kidney cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 332:121951. [PMID: 37301454 PMCID: PMC10321436 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple epidemics of chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu) have emerged in agricultural communities around the world. Many factors have been posited as potential contributors, but a primary cause has yet to be identified and the disease is considered likely multifactorial. Sugarcane workers are largely impacted by disease leading to the hypothesis that exposure to sugarcane ash produced during the burning and harvest of sugarcane could contribute to CKDu. Estimated exposure levels of particles under 10 μm (PM10) have been found to be exceptionally high during this process, exceeding 100 μg/m3 during sugarcane cutting and averaging ∼1800 μg/m3 during pre-harvest burns. Sugarcane stalks consist of ∼80% amorphous silica and generate nano-sized silica particles (∼200 nm) following burning. A human proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cell line was subjected to treatments ranging in concentration from 0.025 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL of sugarcane ash, desilicated sugarcane ash, sugarcane ash-derived silica nanoparticles (SAD SiNPs) or manufactured pristine 200 nm silica nanoparticles. The combination of heat stress and sugarcane ash exposure on PCT cell responses was also assessed. Following 6-48 h of exposure, mitochondrial activity and viability were found to be significantly reduced when exposed to SAD SiNPs at concentrations 2.5 μg/mL or higher. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and pH changes suggested significant alteration to cellular metabolism across treatments as early as 6 h following exposure. SAD SiNPs were found to inhibit mitochondrial function, reduce ATP generation, increase reliance on glycolysis, and reduce glycolytic reserve. Metabolomic analysis revealed several cellular energetics pathways (e.g., fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis, and TCA cycle) are significantly altered across ash-based treatments. Heat stress did not influence these responses. Such changes indicate that exposure to sugarcane ash and its derivatives can promote mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupt metabolic activity of human PCT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Keegan L Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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10
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Morales-Paredes CA, Rodríguez-Linzán I, Saquete MD, Luque R, Osman SM, Boluda-Botella N, Joan Manuel RD. Silica-derived materials from agro-industrial waste biomass: Characterization and comparative studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116002. [PMID: 37105288 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The management and final disposal of agro-industrial wastes are one of the main environmental problems. Due to the presence of silica in some agricultural by-products, it is possible to convert waste into materials with advanced properties. This contribution was aimed to extract and characterize silica materials from various feedstocks including sugarcane bagasse (SCB), corn stalk (CS), and rice husk (RH). Silica yields of 17.91%, 9.39%, and 3.25% were obtained for RH, CS, and SCB. On the other hand, the textural properties show that the siliceous materials exhibited mesoporous structures, with high silica composition in the materials due to the formation of crystalline SiO2 for SCB and CS and amorphous for RH. XPS spectra demonstrate the presence of Si4+ species in RH, and Si3+/Si4+ tetrahedra in SCB and CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Augusto Morales-Paredes
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de los Procesos Químicos, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03080, Spain; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
| | - Imelda Rodríguez-Linzán
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador
| | - María Dolores Saquete
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de los Procesos Químicos, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03080, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua y las Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03080, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuria Boluda-Botella
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de los Procesos Químicos, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03080, Spain; Instituto Universitario del Agua y las Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, E-03080, Spain
| | - Rodríguez-Díaz Joan Manuel
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador; Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
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Prabhath N, Kumara BS, Vithanage V, Samarathunga AI, Sewwandi N, Damruwan HGH, Lewangamage S, Koswattage KR. Investigation of Pozzolanic Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Commercial Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12052-12061. [PMID: 37033873 PMCID: PMC10077437 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The ideal climatic and environmental conditions for sugarcane cultivation are present all year round in the tropical island of Sri Lanka. Given the annual sugar consumption of the nation, a significant amount of sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), a by-product with no intended commercial use but potential environmental and health risks, is produced. Numerous studies have been conducted recently to assess the viability of using SCBA as a pozzolanic material in structural applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the microstructure of SCBA samples from three sugar manufacturing facilities in Sri Lanka to identify the pozzolanic capacities. Several quantitative and qualitative characterization techniques have been utilized for the investigations. While maintaining the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 618 specification as the standard for pozzolanic properties, a comparative investigation of the attributes of samples from each location was conducted. Beyond that, the relationship between the SCBA generation process parameters and their impact on the properties of SCBA have been identified. Finally, the SCBA source of the Pelwatte unit has been identified as the ideal source for the pozzolanic material from the three locations, considering quality and the extent of additional treatments required before use. Other prospective areas of research on SCBA and its potential applications have been recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisala Prabhath
- Department
of Engineering Technology, Sabaragamuwa
University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Buddhika Sampath Kumara
- Department
of Engineering Technology, Sabaragamuwa
University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Vimukkthi Vithanage
- Department
of Engineering Technology, Sabaragamuwa
University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Sujeewa Lewangamage
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa 10400, Sri Lanka
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12
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Malpani SK, Goyal D. Synthesis, analysis, and multi-faceted applications of solid wastes-derived silica nanoparticles: a comprehensive review (2010-2022). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:28321-28343. [PMID: 36331737 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has emerged as an extensive area of research in the last century. Owing to their instinctive properties like modifiable mesoporous structure, high surface area, adjustable pore size, and pore volume, SiNPs could be utilized in numerous fields like chemical, biochemical, catalysis, adsorption, and pollution control. Conventionally, SiNPs are produced by tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS), and sodium silicate, which are toxic and expensive. Therefore, the development of green, cost-effective approaches for the synthesis of SiNPs is highly desirable. In this course, during the last decade, silica-rich solid wastes (rice husk, corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, palm ash, fly ash, waste glass, waste packaging materials, photonic industrial wastes, etc.) were acknowledged as economical precursors to produce green SiNPs. In this respect, the present review focuses on reviewing several solid waste materials used for the synthesis of SiNPs, their properties, and different characterization techniques used for the analysis of SiNPs. The present review also accounts for the potential applications of such green SiNPs in several fields like catalysis, adsorption, biomedical applications, and energy storage. Moreover, despite the potential applications of SiNPs, still there is a lot to explore about their synthesis and utilization. Hence, in the last section of this review, future scope, challenges, and risk assessment of SiNPs have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Vocational Studies & Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, UP, India.
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13
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Goyal N, Jerold F. Biocosmetics: technological advances and future outlook. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25148-25169. [PMID: 34825334 PMCID: PMC8616574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The paper provides an overview of biocosmetics, which has tremendous potential for growth and is attracting huge business opportunities. It emphasizes the immediate need to replace conventional fossil-based ingredients in cosmetics with natural, safe, and effective ingredients. It assembles recent technologies viable in the production/extraction of the bioactive ingredient, product development, and formulation processes, its rapid and smooth delivery to the target site, and fosters bio-based cosmetic packaging. It further explores industries that can be a trailblazer in supplying raw material for extraction of bio-based ingredients for cosmetics, creating biodegradable packaging, or weaving innovation in fashion clothing. Lastly, the paper discusses what it takes to become the first generation of a circular economy and supports the implementation of strict regulatory guidelines for any cosmetic sold globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Goyal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Frankline Jerold
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007, India
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14
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September LA, Kheswa N, Seroka NS, Khotseng L. Green synthesis of silica and silicon from agricultural residue sugarcane bagasse ash - a mini review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1370-1380. [PMID: 36686953 PMCID: PMC9813804 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07490g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2), also known as silica, has received attention in recent years due to wide range of capable applications including biomedical/pharmaceutical, energy, food, and personal care products. This has accelerated research in the extraction of materials from various agricultural wastes; this review investigates the extraction of silica and silicon nanoparticles from sugarcane bagasse ash with potential applications in electronic devices. Specific properties of silica have attracted the interest of researchers, which include surface area, size, biocompatibility, and high functionality. The production of silica from industrial agricultural waste exhibits sustainability and potential reduction in waste production. Bagasse is sustainable and environmentally friendly; though considered waste, it could be a helpful component for sustainable progress and further technological advancement. The chemical, biogenic and green synthesis are discussed in detail for the production of silica. In green synthesis, notable attempts have been made to replace toxic counterparts and decrease energy usage with the same quantity and quality of silica obtained. Methods of reducing silica to silicon are also discussed with the potential application-specific properties in electronic devices, and modern technological applications, such as batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle A. September
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western CapeRobert Sobukwe Rd, Private Bag X17Bellville 7535South Africa
| | - Ntombizonke Kheswa
- Tandetron Laboratory, Research Institute, Ithemba LabsOld Faure Road, Eerste RiverFaure 7131South Africa
| | - Ntalane S. Seroka
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western CapeRobert Sobukwe Rd, Private Bag X17Bellville 7535South Africa
| | - Lindiwe Khotseng
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western CapeRobert Sobukwe Rd, Private Bag X17Bellville 7535South Africa
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15
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Chindaprasirt P, Jitsangiam P, Pachana PK, Rattanasak U. Self-cleaning superhydrophobic fly ash geopolymer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:44. [PMID: 36593234 PMCID: PMC9807559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Building materials with hydrophobic surfaces can exhibit increased service life by preventing moisture absorption or diffusion through their surfaces. For concrete used in construction, this hydrophobicity can prevent the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars. Geopolymers are a new cement-free binding material that have been extensively studied to replace Portland cement. However, similar to normal concrete, geopolymers are susceptible to the intake of moisture. This paper presents the fabrication of a superhydrophobic and self-cleaning surface on a fly ash geopolymer as a method to prevent moisture intake. A composite coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution containing dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or calcium stearate (CS) microparticles was applied by dip-coating to form the hydrophobic surface. Additionally, fly ash was incorporated with the PTFE and CS microparticles to increase surface roughness and reduce material cost. The experimental results showed that the coating containing CS microparticles yielded a hydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 140°, while those containing PTFE microparticles provided a superhydrophobic surface with a contact angle of 159°. The incorporation of fly ash resulted in increased surface roughness, leading to a larger contact angle and a smaller sliding angle. A contact angle of 153° with a sliding angle of 8.7° was observed on the PTFE/fly ash-coated surface. The cleaning process was demonstrated with a test whereby dust was removed by water droplets rolling off the surface. The tested coating exhibited self-cleaning and waterproofing properties and could thus improve the sustainability of materials in building construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinya Chindaprasirt
- grid.9786.00000 0004 0470 0856Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand ,grid.512985.2Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300 Thailand
| | - Peerapong Jitsangiam
- grid.7132.70000 0000 9039 7662Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Center of Excellence in Natural Disaster Management, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Pumipat K. Pachana
- grid.411825.b0000 0000 9482 780XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Ubolluk Rattanasak
- grid.411825.b0000 0000 9482 780XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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16
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Elanthikkal S, Mohamed HH, Alomair NA. Extraction of Biosilica from Date Palm Biomass Ash and its Application in Photocatalysis. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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17
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Costa JR, Capeto AP, Pereira CF, Pedrosa SS, Mota IF, Burgal JDS, Pintado AI, Pintado ME, Oliveira CSS, Costa P, Madureira AR. Valorization of Sugarcane By-Products through Synthesis of Biogenic Amorphous Silica Microspheres for Sustainable Cosmetics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4201. [PMID: 36500824 PMCID: PMC9739331 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ashes from sugarcane by-product incineration were used to synthesize silica powders through alkaline hot extraction, followed by ethanol/acid precipitation or the sol-gel method. Both production methods allowed amorphous spherical silica microparticles with sizes ranging from 1-15 μm and 97% purity to be obtained. Water absorption ranged from 135-155 mL/100 g and 150-250 mL/100 g for precipitated silica and silica gel, respectively, while oil absorption ranged from 305 to 390 and from 250 to 350 mL/100 g. The precipitation with ethanol allowed the recovery of 178 g silica/kg ash, with a lab process cost of EUR 28.95/kg, while the sol-gel process showed a yield of 198 g silica/kg ash with a cost of EUR 10.89/kg. The experimental data suggest that ash from sugarcane by-products is a promising source to be converted into a competitive value-added product, minimizing the environmental impact of disposal problems.
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18
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Shoul B, Marfavi Y, Sadeghi B, Kowsari E, Sadeghi P, Ramakrishna S. Investigating the potential of sustainable use of green silica in the green tire industry: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:51298-51317. [PMID: 35614353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and non-biodegradable wastes as the consequence of over energy and material consumption, the demands for environmentally friendly products are of significant importance. Green tires, a superb alternative to traditional tires, could play a substantial part in environmental protection owing to lower toxic and harmful substances in their construction and their higher decomposition rate. Furthermore, manufacturing green tires using green silica as reinforcement has a high capacity to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, pollution, and raw material consumption. Nevertheless, their production costs are expensive in comparison with conventional tires. In this review article, by studying green tires, the improvement of silica-rubber mixing, as well as the production of green silica from agricultural wastes, were investigated. Not only does the consumption of agricultural wastes save resources considerably, but it also could eventually lead to the reduction of silica production expenses. The cost of producing green silica is about 50% lower than producing conventional silica, and since it weighs about 17% of green silica tires, it can reduce the cost of producing green rubber. Accordingly, we claim that green silica has provided acceptable properties of silica in tires. Apart from the technical aspect, environmental and economic challenges are also discussed, which can ultimately be seen as a promising prospect for the use of green silica in the green tire industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shoul
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Yousef Marfavi
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Sadeghi
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Mahshahr Campus, P.O. BOX, Mahshahr, 63517-13178, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kowsari
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Avenue, Tehran, 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Peyman Sadeghi
- Faculty of Polymer and Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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19
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Guevara-Lora I, Wronski N, Bialas A, Osip H, Czosnek C. Efficient Adsorption of Chromium Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Plant-Derived Silica. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134171. [PMID: 35807417 PMCID: PMC9268362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is great interest in the use of plant waste to obtain materials for environmental protection. In this study, silica powders were prepared with a simple and low-cost procedure from biomass materials such as horsetail and common reed, as well as wheat and rye straws. The starting biomass materials were leached in a boiling HCl solution. After washing and drying, the samples were incinerated at 700 °C for 1 h in air. The organic components of the samples were burned leaving final white powders. These powders were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and low-temperature nitrogen sorption. The amorphous powders (biosilica) contained mainly SiO2, as indicated by FTIR analysis. Horsetail-derived silica was chosen for testing the removal of dichromate ions from water solutions. This biosilica had a good ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions, which increased after modification of the powder with the dodecylamine surfactant. It can be concluded that the applied procedure allowed obtaining high purity biosilica from plant waste with good efficiency. The produced biosilica was helpful in removing chromium ions and showed low cytotoxicity to human endothelial cells, suggesting that it can be safely used in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Guevara-Lora
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (I.G.-L.); (N.W.)
| | - Norbert Wronski
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (I.G.-L.); (N.W.)
| | - Anna Bialas
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.B.); (H.O.)
| | - Honorata Osip
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.B.); (H.O.)
| | - Cezary Czosnek
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.B.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Amin MN, Ahmad A, Shahzada K, Khan K, Jalal FE, Qadir MG. Mechanical and microstructural performance of concrete containing high-volume of bagasse ash and silica fume. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5719. [PMID: 35387997 PMCID: PMC8986822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, researchers examined the effect of replacing a high-volume of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash (BA) and silica fume (SF). In addition to the control, three binary and three ternary blends of concrete containing different percentages of cement/BA and cement/BA/SF were tested to determine the various mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete. For each mix, eighteen cylindrical concrete specimens were cast followed by standard curing (moist at 20 °C) to test the compressive and tensile strengths of three identical specimens at 7, 28, and 91 days. The test results indicated that the binary mix with 20% BA and ternary mix with 33% BA and 7% SF exhibited higher strengths than all the other mixes, including the control. The higher strengths of these mixes are also validated by their lower water absorption and apparent porosity than the other mixes. Following mechanical testing, the micro and pore structures of all mixes were investigated by performing scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen (N2) adsorption isotherm analysis. In SEM–EDS analysis, a dense and compact microstructure was observed for the BA20 and BA33SF7 mixtures due to the formation of high-density C–S–H and C–H phases. The formation of a large amount of C–S–H phases was observed through FTIR, where a prominent shift in peaks from 955 to 970 cm−1 was observed in the spectra of these mixes. Moreover, in N2 adsorption isotherm analysis, a decrease in the intruded pore volume and an increase in the BET surface area of the paste matrix indicate the densification of the pore structure of these mixes. As observed through TGA, a reduction in the amount of the portlandite phase in these mixes leads to the formation of their more densified micro and pore structures. The current findings indicate that BA (20%) and its blend with SF (40%) represents a potential revenue stream for the development of sustainable and high-performance concretes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nasir Amin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afaq Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khan Shahzada
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kaffayatullah Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal E Jalal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ghulam Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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21
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Preparation, Characterization, and Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystal from Lignocellulosic Biomass for Immobilized Lipase. FIBERS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fib10040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from sugarcane bagasse and rice straw as the matrix for immobilized lipase enzyme. The CNC surface was modified using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to improve the interaction of CNC with glutaraldehyde so that CNC can immobilize lipase effectively. The results showed that after surface modification of CNC using CTAB with concentrations of 2–10 mM, the crystallinity of CNC slightly decreased. The presence of immobilized lipase on the modified CNC was confirmed visibly by the appearance of dark spots using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bond formed between the enzyme and CNC was approved using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR results show a new amine group peak in the immobilized lipase, which is not present in the modified CNC itself. The modified CNC, both from bagasse (SB-20 A1-1) and rice straw (RS-20 B1-1), was successfully applied to the immobilized lipase enzyme with a yield of 88%. The observed free enzyme activity was 3.69 µmol/min∙mL. The degree of hydrolysis of canola oil relative to free lipase (100%) from immobilized lipase at lipase SB-20 A1-1 and lipase RS-20 A1-1 was 23% and 30%, respectively. Therefore, this study successfully immobilized lipase and applied it to the hydrolysis of triglycerides.
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22
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Ni’mah YL, Muhaiminah ZH, Suprapto S. Increase of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Ionic Conductivity Using Nano-SiO 2 Synthesized from Sugarcane Bagasse as Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234240. [PMID: 34883743 PMCID: PMC8659504 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesize of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), NaClO4 and nano-SiO2 was carried out by solution cast technique. Nano-SiO2 was synthesized from sugarcane bagasse using sol-gel method. FTIR analysis was carried out to investigate the bonding between nano-SiO2 and PEO/NaClO4. The morphology of the SPE was characterized using SEM. XRD and DSC analysis showed that SPE crystallinity decreased as nano-SiO2 concentration was increased. Mechanical analyses were conducted to characterize the SPE tensile strength and elongation at break. EIS analysis was conducted to measure SPE ionic conductivity. The PEO/NaClO4 SPE with the addition of 5% nano-SiO2 from sugarcane bagasse at 60 °C produced SPE with the highest ionic conductivity, 1.18 × 10-6 S/cm. It was concluded that the addition of nano-SiO2 increased ionic conductivity and interface stability at the solid polymer electrolyte-PEO/NaClO4.
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23
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Alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse, rice husk and corn husk wastes as lignocellulosic biosorbents for dyes. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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24
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Sugarcane Bagasse Ash-Based Silica-Supported Boric Acid (SBA-SiO2-H3BO3): A Versatile and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,4Dihydropyrano[2,3c]pyrazole Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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The Production of Biogenic Silica from Different South African Agricultural Residues through a Thermo-Chemical Treatment Method. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A thermo-chemical treatment method was used to produce biogenic amorphous silica from South African sugarcane and maize residues. Different fractions of South African sugarcane (leaves, pith, and fiber) were processed for silica production. The biomass samples were leached with either 7 wt% citric acid or 7 wt% sulfuric acid at 353 K for 2 h prior to being rinsed, dried and combusted using a four-step program ranging from room temperature to 873 K in a furnace. The characterization of the pre-treated biomass samples was conducted using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and elemental analysis (CHN), while the final products were characterized by XRF, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, nitrogen physisorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Citric acid pre-treatment proved to be an attractive alternative to mineral acids. Amorphous biogenic silica was produced from sugarcane leaves in good quality (0.1 wt% residual carbon and up to 99.3 wt% silica content). The produced biogenic silica also had great textural properties such as a surface area of up to 323 m2 g−1, average pore diameter of 5.0 nm, and a pore volume of 0.41 cm3 g−1.
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