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Mezzelani M, Notarstefano V, Panni M, Giorgini E, Gorbi S, Regoli F. Exposure to environmental pharmaceuticals affects the macromolecular composition of mussels digestive glands. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9369. [PMID: 38653774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pharmaceuticals represent a major challenge in natural environment. A better knowledge on their mechanisms of action and adverse effects on cellular pathways is fundamental to predict long-term consequences for marine wildlife. The FTIRI Imaging (FTIRI) spectroscopy represents a vibrational technique allowing to map specific areas of non-homogeneous biological samples, providing a unique biochemical and ultrastructural fingerprint of the tissue. In this study, FTIRI technique has been applied, for the first time, to characterize (i) the chemical building blocks of digestive glands of Mytilus galloprovincialis, (ii) alterations and (iii) resilience of macromolecular composition, after a 14-days exposure to 0.5 µg/L of carbamazepine (CBZ), valsartan (VAL) and their mixture, followed by a 14-days recovery period. Spectral features of mussels digestive glands provided insights on composition and topographical distribution of main groups of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and glycosylated compounds. Pharmaceuticals caused an increase in the total amount of protein and a significant decrease of lipids levels. Changes in macromolecular features reflected the modulation of specific molecular and biochemical pathways thus supporting our knowledge on mechanisms of action of such emerging pollutants. Overall, the applied approach could represent an added value within integrated strategies for the effects-based evaluation of environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Mezzelani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Michela Panni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90131, Italy
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente (DiSVA), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy.
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90131, Italy.
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2
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Purifoy EJ, Mruk K. Differential Roles of Diet on Development and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Larval Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2024; 21:214-222. [PMID: 38621204 PMCID: PMC11035855 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is a powerful model organism for studying development and regeneration. However, there is a lack of a standardized reference diet for developmental and regeneration experiments. Most studies evaluate the rate of growth, survival, and fecundity. In this study, we compare three diets and their effects on growth and regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Fish were fed daily for 1 week with daily measurements of overall length and width of spinal injury. Fish fed a live rotifer diet grew 32%, whereas a commercially available diet only led to a 4% increase in body length. Similarly, differences in rate of regeneration were observed with over 80% of rotifer-fed larvae forming a glial bridge after injury compared to <10% of zebrafish fed with the commercial diet. Our data highlight the need for establishing a standardized diet for regeneration studies to improve research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Purifoy
- Wyoming Research Scholars Program and University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Karen Mruk
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Merola C, Caioni G, Bertolucci C, Lucon-Xiccato T, Savaşçı BB, Tait S, Casella M, Camerini S, Benedetti E, Perugini M. Embryonic and larval exposure to propylparaben induces developmental and long-term neurotoxicity in zebrafish model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168925. [PMID: 38040379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are preservatives found in cosmetics, processed foods, and medications. The harmful repercussions on the central nervous system by one of the most common parabens, propylparaben (PrP), are yet unknown, especially during development. In this study, the neurodevelopmental effects of PrP and long-term neurotoxicity were investigated in the zebrafish model, using an integrated approach. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to two different concentrations of PrP (10 and 1000 μg/L), then larvae were examined for their behavioral phenotypes (open-field behavior, startle response, and circadian rhythmicity) and relevant brain markers (cyp19a1b, pax6a, shank3a, and gad1b). Long-term behavioral and cognitive impacts on sociability, cerebral functional asymmetry and thigmotaxis were also examined on juveniles at 30 dpf and 60 dpf. Moreover, proteomics and gene expression analysis were assessed in brains of 60 dpf zebrafish. Interestingly, thigmotaxis was decreased by the high dose in larvae and increased by the low dose in juveniles. The expression of shank3a and gad1b genes was repressed by both PrP concentrations pointing to possible effects of PrP on neurodevelopment and synaptogenesis. Proteomics analysis evidenced alterations related to brain development and lipid metabolism. Overall, the results demonstrated that early-life exposure to PrP promotes developmental and persistent neurobehavioral alterations in the zebrafish model, affecting genes and protein levels possibly associated with brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Merola
- Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giulia Caioni
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Beste Başak Savaşçı
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Gender-specific prevention and health Unit, Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa Casella
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Camerini
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Monia Perugini
- Department of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
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4
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Sankappa NM, Lange MD, Yildirim-Aksoy M, Eljack R, Kucuktas H, Beck BH, Abernathy JW. Transcriptome analysis and immune gene expression of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets with inclusion of frass from black soldier fly larvae. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1330368. [PMID: 38264328 PMCID: PMC10803510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1330368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The larval waste, exoskeleton shedding, and leftover feed components of the black soldier fly and its larvae make up the by-product known as frass. In this study, we subjected channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to a 10-week feeding trial to assess how different dietary amounts of frass inclusion would affect both systemic and mucosal tissue gene expression, especially in regard to growth and immune-related genes. Fish were divided in quadruplicate aquaria, and five experimental diets comprising 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 g of frass per kilogram of feed were fed twice daily. At the end of the trial, liver, head kidney, gill, and intestine samples were collected for gene expression analyses. First, liver and intestine samples from fish fed with a no frass inclusion diet (control), low-frass (50 g/kg) inclusion diet, or a high-frass (300 g/kg) inclusion diet were subjected to Illumina RNA sequencing to determine global differential gene expression among diet groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) included the upregulation of growth-related genes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and myostatin, as well as innate immune receptors and effector molecules such as toll-like receptor 5, apolipoprotein A1, C-type lectin, and lysozyme. Based on the initial screenings of low/high frass using RNA sequencing, a more thorough evaluation of immune gene expression of all tissues sampled, and all levels of frass inclusion, was further conducted. Using targeted quantitative PCR panels for both innate and adaptive immune genes from channel catfish, differential expression of genes was identified, which included innate receptors (TLR1, TLR5, TLR9, and TLR20A), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β type a, IL-1β type b, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNFα), chemokines (CFC3 and CFD), and hepcidin in both systemic (liver and head kidney) and mucosal (gill and intestine) tissues. Overall, frass from black soldier fly larvae inclusion in formulated diets was found to alter global gene expression and activate innate and adaptive immunity in channel catfish, which has the potential to support disease resistance in this species in addition to demonstrated growth benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Muliya Sankappa
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Miles D. Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mediha Yildirim-Aksoy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rashida Eljack
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Huseyin Kucuktas
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwestern Native Aquatic Resources and Recovery Center, Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Dexter, NM, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Jason W. Abernathy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit (AAHRU), Auburn, AL, United States
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5
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Conti F, Zarantoniello M, Antonucci M, Cattaneo N, Rattin M, De Russi G, Secci G, Lucon-Xiccato T, Lira de Medeiros AC, Olivotto I. The Application of Synthetic Flavors in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Rearing with Emphasis on Attractive Ones: Effects on Fish Development, Welfare, and Appetite. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3368. [PMID: 37958124 PMCID: PMC10647473 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test synthetic flavors as potential feed attractants in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during early development. Six experimental groups were set up in triplicate: (i) a CTRL group fed a zebrafish commercial diet; (ii) a PG group fed a control diet added with Propylene Glycol (PG); (iii) A1+ and A2+ groups fed a control diet added with 1% of the two attractive flavors (A1+ cheese odor made by mixing Propylene Glycol (PG) with the aromatic chemicals trimethyamine, 2-acetylpyrazine, 2-acetylpyridine, and dimethyl sulfide; and A2+ caramel odor, made of PG mixed with the aromatic chemicals vanillin, maltol, cyclotene, acetoin, butyric acid, and capric acid with traces of both gamma-octalactone and gamma-esalactone) or the repulsive flavor (A- coconut odor, made by mixing PG with the aromatic chemicals gamma-eptalactone, gamma-nonalactone, delta-esalactone, and vanillin with trace of both delta-octalactone and maltol), respectively; (iv) an ROT group fed the two attractive diets, each administered singularly in a weekly rotation scheme. All the tested synthetic flavors did not affect the overall health of larval and juvenile fish and promoted growth. Due to the longer exposure time, results obtained from the juvenile stage provided a clearer picture of the fish responses: zebrafish fed both attractive diets showed higher appetite stimulus, feed ingestion, and growth, while the brain dopaminergic activity suggested the A2+ diet as the most valuable solution for its long-lasting effect over the whole experiment (60-day feeding trial, from larvae to adults). The present study provided important results about the possible use of attractive synthetic flavors for aquafeed production, opening new sustainable and more economically valuable opportunities for the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Conti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Nico Cattaneo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Mirko Rattin
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Gaia De Russi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.D.R.); (T.L.-X.)
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.)
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.D.R.); (T.L.-X.)
| | - Adja Cristina Lira de Medeiros
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (G.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.)
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (F.C.); (N.C.); (M.R.)
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6
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Dalla Barba F, Soardi M, Mouhib L, Risato G, Akyürek EE, Lucon-Xiccato T, Scano M, Benetollo A, Sacchetto R, Richard I, Argenton F, Bertolucci C, Carotti M, Sandonà D. Modeling Sarcoglycanopathy in Danio rerio. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12707. [PMID: 37628888 PMCID: PMC10454440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoglycanopathies, also known as limb girdle muscular dystrophy 3-6, are rare muscular dystrophies characterized, although heterogeneous, by high disability, with patients often wheelchair-bound by late adolescence and frequently developing respiratory and cardiac problems. These diseases are currently incurable, emphasizing the importance of effective treatment strategies and the necessity of animal models for drug screening and therapeutic verification. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique, we generated and characterized δ-sarcoglycan and β-sarcoglycan knockout zebrafish lines, which presented a progressive disease phenotype that worsened from a mild larval stage to distinct myopathic features in adulthood. By subjecting the knockout larvae to a viscous swimming medium, we were able to anticipate disease onset. The δ-SG knockout line was further exploited to demonstrate that a δ-SG missense mutant is a substrate for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), indicating premature degradation due to protein folding defects. In conclusion, our study underscores the utility of zebrafish in modeling sarcoglycanopathies through either gene knockout or future knock-in techniques. These novel zebrafish lines will not only enhance our understanding of the disease's pathogenic mechanisms, but will also serve as powerful tools for phenotype-based drug screening, ultimately contributing to the development of a cure for sarcoglycanopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dalla Barba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Michela Soardi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Leila Mouhib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
- Randall Center for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Giovanni Risato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Eylem Emek Akyürek
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Scano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Alberto Benetollo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Roberta Sacchetto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Isabelle Richard
- Genethon, F-91002 Evry, France
- INSERM, U951, INTEGRARE Research Unit, F-91002 Evry, France
| | - Francesco Argenton
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
| | - Dorianna Sandonà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.D.B.)
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7
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Cattaneo N, Zarantoniello M, Conti F, Frontini A, Chemello G, Dimichino B, Marongiu F, Cardinaletti G, Gioacchini G, Olivotto I. Dietary Microplastic Administration during Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Development: A Comprehensive and Comparative Study between Larval and Juvenile Stages. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2256. [PMID: 37508033 PMCID: PMC10376277 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main sources of MPs contamination in fish farms is aquafeed. The present study investigated, for the first time through a comparative approach, the effects of different-sized fluorescent MPs included in a diet intended for zebrafish (Danio rerio). A comparison based on fish developmental stage (larval vs. juvenile), exposure time, and dietary MPs' size and concentration was performed. Four experimental diets were formulated, starting from the control, by adding fluorescent polymer A (size range 1-5 µm) and B (size range 40-47 µm) at two different concentrations (50 and 500 mg/kg). Zebrafish were sampled at 20 (larval phase) and 60 dpf (juvenile stage). Whole larvae, intestine, liver and muscles of juveniles were collected for the analyses. Polymer A was absorbed at the intestinal level in both larvae and juveniles, while it was evidenced at the hepatic and muscular levels only in juveniles. Hepatic accumulation caused an increase in oxidative stress markers in juveniles, but at the same time significantly reduced the number of MPs able to reach the muscle, representing an efficient barrier against the spread of MPs. Polymer B simply transited through the gut, causing an abrasive effect and an increase in goblet cell abundance in both stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Cattaneo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Conti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Frontini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Beniamino Dimichino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Aidoo OF, Osei-Owusu J, Asante K, Dofuor AK, Boateng BO, Debrah SK, Ninsin KD, Siddiqui SA, Chia SY. Insects as food and medicine: a sustainable solution for global health and environmental challenges. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1113219. [PMID: 37388630 PMCID: PMC10303143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1113219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are a significant source of food for millions of people worldwide. Since ancient times, insects in medicine have been contributing to the treatment of diseases in humans and animals. Compared to conventional animal farming, the production of insects for food and feed generates significantly less greenhouse gas emissions and uses considerably less land. Edible insects provide many ecosystem services, including pollination, environmental health monitoring, and the decomposition of organic waste materials. Some wild edible insects are pests of cash crops. Thus, harvesting and consuming edible insect pests as food and utilizing them for therapeutic purposes could be a significant progress in the biological control of insect pests. Our review discusses the contribution of edible insects to food and nutritional security. It highlights therapeutic uses of insects and recommends ways to ensure a sustainable insect diet. We stress that the design and implementation of guidelines for producing, harvesting, processing, and consuming edible insects must be prioritized to ensure safe and sustainable use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusu Fordjour Aidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Kwasi Asante
- Coconut Research Programme, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | | | - Shadrack Kwaku Debrah
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production Sunyani, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Kodwo Dadzie Ninsin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Shaphan Yong Chia
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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9
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Zarantoniello M, de Oliveira AA, Sahin T, Freddi L, Torregiani M, Tucciarone I, Chemello G, Cardinaletti G, Gatto E, Parisi G, Bertolucci C, Riolo P, Nartea A, Gioacchini G, Olivotto I. Enhancing Rearing of European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaponic Systems: Investigating the Effects of Enriched Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Prepupae Meal on Fish Welfare and Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1921. [PMID: 37370431 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the modern aquaculture goals, the present study aimed to couple sustainable aquafeed formulation and culturing systems. Two experimental diets characterized by 3 and 20% of fish meal replacement with full-fat spirulina-enriched black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae meal (HPM3 and HPM20, respectively) were tested on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles during a 90-day feeding trial performed in aquaponic systems. The experimental diets ensured 100% survival and proper zootechnical performance. No behavioral alterations were evidenced in fish. Histological and molecular analyses did not reveal structural alterations and signs of inflammation at the intestinal level, highlighting the beneficial role on gut health of bioactive molecules typical of HPM or derived from the enriching procedure of insects' growth substrate with spirulina. Considering the quality traits, the tested experimental diets did not negatively alter the fillet's fatty acid profile and did not compromise the fillet's physical features. In addition, the results highlighted a possible role of spirulina-enriched HPM in preserving the fillet from lipid oxidation. Taken together, these results corroborate the use of sustainable ingredients (spirulina-enriched HPM) in aquaponic systems for euryhaline fish rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Adriana Alves de Oliveira
- CIMAR/CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matoshinos, Portugal
| | - Tolga Sahin
- Department of Aquaculture, Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17000 Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Lorenzo Freddi
- Mj Energy srl Società Agricola, Contrada SS. Crocifisso, 22, 62010 Treia, Italy
| | - Matteo Torregiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Isabella Tucciarone
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elia Gatto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ancuta Nartea
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Mancia A, Abelli L, Palladino G, Candela M, Lucon-Xiccato T, Bertolucci C, Fossi MC, Baini M, Panti C. Sorbed environmental contaminants increase the harmful effects of microplastics in adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106544. [PMID: 37105865 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic animals ingest Microplastics (MPs) which have the potential to affect the uptake and bioavailability of sorbed co-contaminants. However, the effects on living organisms still need to be properly understood. The present study was designed to assess the combined effects of MPs and environmental contaminants on zebrafish (Danio rerio) health and behavior. Adult specimens were fed according to three different protocols: 1) untreated food (Control group); 2) food supplemented with 0.4 mg/L pristine polyethylene-MPs (PE-MPs; 0.1-0.3 mm diameter) (PEv group); 3) food supplemented with 0.4 mg/L PE-MPs previously incubated (PEi group) for 2 months in seawater. Analysis of contaminants in PEi detected trace elements, such as lead and copper. After 15 days of exposure, zebrafish underwent behavioral analysis and were then dissected to sample gills and intestine for histology, and the latter also for microbiome analysis. Occurrence of PEv and PEi in the intestine and contaminants in the fish carcass were analyzed. Both PEv- and PEi-administered fish differed from controls in the assays performed, but PEi produced more harmful effects in most instances. Overall, MPs after environmental exposure revealed higher potential to alter fish health through combined effects (e.g. proportion of microplastics, pollutants and/or microorganisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Mancia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy.
| | - Luigi Abelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy; Fano Marine Center, the Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, vialeAdriatico 1/N, Fano, Pesaro Urbino 61032, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro, 6, Bologna 40126, Italy; Fano Marine Center, the Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, vialeAdriatico 1/N, Fano, Pesaro Urbino 61032, Italy
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli, 4, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli, 4, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli, 4, Siena 53100, Italy
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11
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Ge C, Liang X, Wu X, Wang J, Wang H, Qin Y, Xue M. Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor) enhances intestinal immunity in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) via the NFκB/survivin signaling pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108736. [PMID: 37054764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio Molitor, YM) in intestinal immunity and health. Largemouth bass, as an enteritis modeling animal, were fed 3 diets containing YM at 0% (YM0), 24% (YM24) and 48% (YM48). The YM24 group had reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, while the YM48 group experienced a negative impact on intestinal health. Next, the Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) challenge test consisted of 4 YM diets, 0% (EYM0), 12% (EYM12), 24% (EYM24), and 36% (EYM36). The EYM0 and EYM12 groups exhibited intestinal damage and immunosuppression by the pathogenic bacteria. However, the above adverse phenotypes were attenuated in the EYM24 and EYM36 groups. Mechanistically, the EYM24 and EYM36 groups enhanced intestinal immunity in largemouth bass via activating NFκBp65 and further upregulating survivin expression to inhibit apoptosis. The results identify a protective mechanism of YM as a novel food or feed source by improving intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Ge
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Influence of Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal Dietary Inclusion on Growth Performance, Gut Histological Traits and Stress Parameters in Sparus aurata. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030339. [PMID: 36766228 PMCID: PMC9913394 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provided new data and knowledge on the potential use of Hermetia illucens meal (HIM) as a new sustainable ingredient for Sparus aurata diet. The effect of HIM dietary inclusion on fish growth performance, stress indicators and gut histology was studied. For 131 days, 312 fish were fed a basal diet containing fishmeal as animal protein source, and three diets containing 25%, 35% and 50% HIM as a partial replacement for fishmeal. The main findings indicated that fishmeal can be replaced by HIM up to 110 g/kg of substitution (35% of inclusion in diet) without negative effects on growth performance, stress parameters or histological traits of the posterior gut tract, and with positive effects (p < 0.05) on the histological and morphometric characteristics of the anterior gut tract. At the same time, the results showed that the effect of Hermetia illucens meal at 50% inclusion level caused morphometric and histopathological alterations in the anterior gut tract of seabream. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggested that the dietary inclusion level of HIM35 was the most tolerated by fish showing the best gut morphometric parameters and histological conditions, with fewer signs of inflammation, as well as good nutritional and health status.
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13
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Basto A, Valente LMP, Sousa V, Conde-Sieira M, Soengas JL. Total fishmeal replacement by defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal induces alterations in intermediary metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad040. [PMID: 36749357 PMCID: PMC9985153 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The replacement of fishmeal (FM) by insect meal (IM) in aquafeed formulation has been thoroughly studied lately, but little is known about their impact on nutrient metabolism of fish. This study evaluated the impact not only of partial but also total FM replacement by IM on intermediary metabolism of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A fishmeal-based diet was used as a control (CTRL) and two other diets were formulated to include 20% and 40% of defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (dTM), replacing 50% (TM50) and 100% (TM100) of fishmeal (FM), respectively. After a 16-week feeding trial, a multidisciplinary approach including assessment of histological, biochemical, molecular, and enzymatic parameters was adopted to investigate hepatic and plasmatic responses to the different dietary formulations. The results obtained demonstrated that dTM can be successfully used to replace 50% of FM in diets for European sea bass, without adversely affecting liver health or intermediary metabolism of nutrients. As for TM100, although no signs of steatosis were observed in the liver, the activity of glycolytic and lipogenic genes and enzymes increased when compared to CTRL diet (P < 0.05), resulting in higher levels of plasmatic non-esterified fatty acids and triacylglycerides (P < 0.05), which in the long-term may compromise fish health, thus precluding such a high degree of substitution for use in practical diets for European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Basto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research -University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
- ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences – University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luisa M P Valente
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research -University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
- ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences – University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Vera Sousa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research -University of Porto, Matosinhos 4450-208, Portugal
- ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences – University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Marta Conde-Sieira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
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Maulu S, Langi S, Hasimuna OJ, Missinhoun D, Munganga BP, Hampuwo BM, Gabriel NN, Elsabagh M, Van Doan H, Abdul Kari Z, Dawood MA. Recent advances in the utilization of insects as an ingredient in aquafeeds: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:334-349. [PMID: 36329686 PMCID: PMC9618972 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aquafeed industry continues to expand in response to the rapidly growing aquaculture sector. However, the identification of alternative protein sources in aquatic animal diets to replace conventional sources due to cost and sustainability issues remains a major challenge. Recently, insects have shown tremendous results as potential replacers of fishmeal in aquafeed. The present study aimed to review the utilization of insects in aquafeeds and their effects on aquatic animals' growth and feed utilization, immune response and disease resistance, and fish flesh quality and safety. While many insect species have been investigated in aquaculture, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), and the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) are the most studied and most promising insects to replace fishmeal in aquafeed. Generally, insect rearing conditions and biomass processing methods may affect the product's nutritional composition, digestibility, shelf life and required insect inclusion level by aquatic animals. Also, insect-recommended inclusion levels for aquatic animals vary depending on the insect species used, biomass processing method, and test organism. Overall, while an appropriate inclusion level of insects in aquafeed provides several nutritional and health benefits to aquatic animals, more studies are needed to establish optimum requirements levels for different aquaculture species at different stages of development and under different culture systems.
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15
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Towards the Identification of a Suitable Commercial Diet for Carpione (Salmo carpio, Linnaeus 1758): A Multidisciplinary Study on Fish Performances, Animal Welfare and Quality Traits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151918. [PMID: 35953906 PMCID: PMC9367350 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carpione (Salmo carpio, Linnaeus 1758) is an endangered precious endemism of Lake Garda (Northern Italy), the largest Italian lake. To date, several bottlenecks about its culture remain unsolved, including the identification of a proper growth-out diet. In the present study, four different grossly isolipidic, isoproteic, and isoenergetic diets containing ingredients from different origins were used for S. carpio culture. Specifically, a diet largely based on marine ingredients, and currently used for carpione farming, was used as control. Three other diets were formulated in order to include relevant percentages of vegetable ingredients or processed animal proteins (at two different inclusion levels). After a three-month feeding trial, fish zootechnical performances, welfare, and flesh quality were evaluated through a multidisciplinary approach, including histology, gene expression, chemical analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This study provided the first insights on carpione physiological responses to different commercial dietary formulations. Abstract Carpione (Salmo carpio, Linnaeus 1758) is an endangered precious endemism of Lake Garda (Northern Italy), the largest Italian lake. To date, several bottlenecks about its culture remain unsolved, including the identification of a proper growth-out diet. The aim of the present study was to test four different grossly isolipidic, isoproteic, and isoenergetic diets in which the main ingredients had a different origin. Specifically, a diet currently used by local farmers for carpione culture, largely based on marine ingredients, was used as control (CTRL), while the other three diets were formulated by partially replacing marine ingredients with plant ones (VEG) or with different percentages of processed animal proteins (PAP1 and PAP2). The feeding trial was run in triplicate, over a three-month period. No significant differences in growth performance among the experimental groups were observed. However, remarkable histological alterations and inflammatory markers upregulation were observed in VEG group, while PAP inclusion played a role in attenuating inflammation and improving nutrient uptake. Fillet analyses highlighted significant differences in marketable traits and flesh fatty acid composition among the experimental groups, including the reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids related to PAPs inclusion. In conclusion, PAPs used in the present study promoted S. carpio gut health and absorption capacity, while further studies are required to maintain proper quality traits of the final product.
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16
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Pleić IL, Bušelić I, Messina M, Hrabar J, Žuvić L, Talijančić I, Žužul I, Pavelin T, Anđelić I, Pleadin J, Puizina J, Grubišić L, Tibaldi E, Šegvić-Bubić T. A plant-based diet supplemented with Hermetia illucens alone or in combination with poultry by-product meal: one step closer to sustainable aquafeeds for European seabass. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:77. [PMID: 35811320 PMCID: PMC9272557 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing demand for high-value fish species and pressure on forage fish is challenging aquaculture to ensure sustainable growth by replacing protein sources in aquafeeds with plant and terrestrial animal proteins, without compromising the economic value and quality of the final fish product. In the present study, the effects of a plant protein-based diet (CV), two plant-based diets in which graded amounts of plan protein mixtures were replaced with Hermetia illucens meal alone (VH10) or in combination with poultry by-product meal (PBM) (VH10P30), a fishmeal (FM) diet (CF) and an FM diet supplemented with H. illucens (FH10) on growth performance, gut health and homeostasis of farmed subadult European seabass were tested and compared. Results Fish fed the VH10 and VH10P30 diets showed the highest specific growth rates and lowest feed conversion ratios among the tested groups. Expectedly, the best preservation of PI morphology was observed in fish fed the CF or FH10 diets, while fish fed the CV diet exhibited significant degenerative changes in the proximal and distal intestines. However, PBM supplementation mitigated these effects and significantly improved all gut morphometric parameters in the VH10P30 group. Partial substitution of the plant mixture with insect meal alone or PBM also induced most BBM genes and activated BBM enzymes, suggesting a beneficial effect on intestinal digestive/absorption functions. Regarding intestinal microbiota, fish fed diets containing H. illucens meal (FH10, VH10, VH10P30) had the highest richness of bacterial communities and abundance of beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Bacillus. On the other hand, fish fed CV had the highest microbial diversity but lost a significant component of fish intestinal microbiota, the phylum Bacteroidetes. Finally, skin pigmentation most similar to that of farmed or even wild seabass was also observed in the fish groups fed CF, FH10 or VH10P30. Conclusion Plant-based diets supplemented with PBM and H. illucens pupae meal have great potential as alternative diets for European seabass, without affecting growth performance, gut homeostasis, or overall fitness. This also highlights the importance of animal proteins in diets of European seabass, as the addition of a small amount of these alternative animal protein sources significantly improved all measured parameters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00725-z.
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New Eco-Sustainable Feed in Aquaculture: Influence of Insect-Based Diets on the Content of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Experimental Model Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030818. [PMID: 35164082 PMCID: PMC8839634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to the concept of circular economy, insects represent good candidates as aquafeed ingredients. Nevertheless, there are some potential chemical risks linked with insect consumption. In this study, we reared the teleost Danio rerio, used as an experimental model, with five experimental diets characterized by increasing levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of full-fat Hermetia illucens (Hi) prepupae, substituting for fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO). We investigated the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) Cd, Pb, Ni, As, and Hg in larval (20 days), juvenile (2 months), and adult (6 months) fish. Quantitative determinations of Cd, Pb, Ni, and As were made with an atomic absorption spectrometer; the total mercury content was determined by a direct mercury analyzer. The substitution of FM and FO with Hermetia illucens meal led to a reduction in the content of some PTEs, such as Pb, As, and Ni, in fishfeed, leading to concentrations below the legal limit of undesirable substances in animal feed. By increasing the Hi meal dietary content, we observed in the Danio rerio specimens an increase in Cd, Pb, and Ni content and a reduction in As content for all life stages. Moreover, a general increase in the content of Cd, Pb, Hg, and Ni from larvae to juvenile was measured, while the shift of Danio rerio from the juvenile to the adult stage involved a significant increase in the content of Pb, Hg, and Ni. Larvae had a reduced ability to bioaccumulate metal(loid)s compared to juveniles and adults. In conclusion, the content of PTEs in Danio rerio is influenced both by the type of diet administered and by the life stage of the animal itself. This research demonstrates the possibility of using Hi prepupae as an aquafeed ingredient without exposing fish to a chemical risk and, in perspective, allows applying these eco-sustainable diets for the breeding of edible fish species, without endangering human health.
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Chaklader MR, Chung WH, Howieson J, Fotedar R. A Combination of Hermetia illucens Reared on Fish Waste and Poultry By-Product Meal Improves Sensory and Physicochemical Quality of Farmed Barramundi Filets. Front Nutr 2022; 8:788064. [PMID: 35096935 PMCID: PMC8791043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.788064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximate composition, sensory attributes, and shelf life of filets from barramundi, Lates calcarifer, were fed a fishmeal (FM) based diet (0PBM-0HI) and three test diets replacing FM protein entirely with 85% poultry by-products meal (PBM) and 15% Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal protein (85PBM-15HI), 80% PBM and 20% HI (80PBM-20HI) and 75% PBM and 25% HI (75PBM-25HI) were investigated. After a 56-day feeding trial, the crude protein, moisture, and ash percentage were unchanged while the crude lipid increased in barramundi filet when fed with PBM-HI-based diets. The increase in C12:0 (lauric acid) and C14:0 (myristic acid) resulted in an increase in the total saturated fatty acid while the monounsaturated fatty acid elevated due to an increase in C16:1n7 and C18:1cis + trans in the filet of the barramundi fed with a PBM-HI based diet. While the decrease in the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in PBM-HI based fed barramundi filet was mainly due to a decrease in essential fatty acids including C20:5n3 [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] and C22:6n3 [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] when compared with the 0PBM-0HI fed barramundi filet. The sensory quality was improved by PBM-HI-based diets, manifested by the highest scores given by the panelists. Texture profiles were not affected by diet but cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness decreased with increasing storage time. On days 1 and 8, skin brightness decreased in the skin of the barramundi fed with 85PBM-15HI and 80PBM-20HI compared with the skin of the 0PBM-0HI fed barramundi. Skin redness improved in fish-fed PBM-HI-based diets. The flesh brightness and yellowness increased significantly in barramundi when fed with PBM-HI-based diets. On days 1 and 4, the flesh brightness of the barramundi fed with PBM-HI-based diets demonstrated an increase compared with 0PBM-0HI. PBM-HI diets suppress lipid oxidation while lipid oxidation increased over the storage time. In summary, the improvement in sensory quality and color coupled with the suppression of rancidity in barramundi filets underpinned the potentiality of using the mixture of PBM and HI transformed from food waste in the barramundi diet to improve the filet quality and thus support sustainability and circular economy in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reaz Chaklader
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Melenchón F, de Mercado E, Pula HJ, Cardenete G, Barroso FG, Fabrikov D, Lourenço HM, Pessoa MF, Lagos L, Weththasinghe P, Cortés M, Tomás-Almenar C. Fishmeal Dietary Replacement Up to 50%: A Comparative Study of Two Insect Meals for Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020179. [PMID: 35049801 PMCID: PMC8772703 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand of optimal protein for human consumption is growing. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has highlighted aquaculture as one of the most promising alternatives for this protein supply gap due to the high efficiency of fish growth. However, aquaculture has been facing its own sustainability problem, because its high demand for protein has been traditionally satisfied with the use of fishmeal (FM) as the main source. Some of the most promising and sustainable protein substitutes for FM come from insects. The present manuscript provides insight into an experiment carried out on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a 50% replacement of FM with different larvae insect meals: Hermetia illucens (HI), and Tenebrio molitor (TM). TM showed better results for growth, protein utilization and more active digestive function, supported by intestinal histological changes. Liver histology and intermediary metabolism did not show relevant changes between insect meals, while other parameters such as antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue damage indicators showed the potential of insect meals as functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Melenchón
- Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Ctra. Arévalo s/n, 40196 Segovia, Spain; (F.M.); (E.d.M.)
| | - Eduardo de Mercado
- Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Ctra. Arévalo s/n, 40196 Segovia, Spain; (F.M.); (E.d.M.)
| | - Héctor J. Pula
- Department of Zoology, Campus Fuentenueva, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.J.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriel Cardenete
- Department of Zoology, Campus Fuentenueva, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (H.J.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Fernando G. Barroso
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (F.G.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Dmitri Fabrikov
- Department of Biology and Geology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (F.G.B.); (D.F.)
| | - Helena M. Lourenço
- Division of Aquaculture, Valorisation and Bioprospection, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal;
| | - María-Fernanda Pessoa
- GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Nova School, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Leidy Lagos
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (L.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Pabodha Weththasinghe
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; (L.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Marcos Cortés
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago 9170002, Chile;
| | - Cristina Tomás-Almenar
- Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Ctra. Arévalo s/n, 40196 Segovia, Spain; (F.M.); (E.d.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Yamamoto FY, Suehs BA, Ellis M, Bowles PR, Older CE, Hume ME, Bake GG, Cammack JA, Tomberlin JK, Gatlin DM. Dietary fishmeal replacement by black soldier fly larvae meals affected red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) production performance and intestinal microbiota depending on what feed substrate the insect larvae were offered. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Kasprzak R, Grzeszkiewicz AB, Górecka A. Performance of Co-Housed Neon Tetras ( Paracheirodon innesi) and Glowlight Rasboras ( Trigonostigma hengeli) Fed Commercial Flakes and Lyophilized Natural Food. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123520. [PMID: 34944294 PMCID: PMC8697964 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little to no research has been conducted thus far regarding aquarium fish nutrition. In order to ensure the welfare of house-kept ornamentals, such studies should take into account that there are distinct biological differences occurring between different fish species/taxa, especially in regard to the structure of their digestive organs. Accordingly, a 12-week trial was executed to assess the effects of two commercial flakes and a mix of lyophilized natural food on the condition of co-reared neon tetras, Paracheirodon innesi (Characidae), and glowlight rasboras, Trigonostigma hengeli (Danionidae). The four feeding groups were as follows: (T)-Tetra flakes; (O)-Omega flakes; (TO)-Tetra + Omega; (TOL)-Tetra + Omega + Lyophilizate (twice a week). There were no differences in final body weight (FBW) between the feeding groups of either species, but in the case of neon tetras, FBW increased significantly from the initial value only for the T group. However, histological observations and measurements of digestive organs (livers, intestines) showed pronounced differences between the two species. The supplementation with natural food in group TOL caused lipoid hepatic degeneration only in the rasboras. The healthiest histological structure of livers and longest intestinal folds were found in group T of the tetras and group TO of the rasboras. Whole-mount staining for bone and cartilage did not reveal any significant deformities or differences in terms of bone mineralization. In conclusion, it was outlined that concurrent feeding of co-housed, anatomically diverse ornamental fish species is a highly ambiguous task, because the nutritional strategy applied for a community tank may yield radically divergent effects, most of which may remain unnoticed when depending only on external body observations and measurements. Most emphatically, this was highlighted in regard to the dietary supplementation with natural food-although no significant effects were observed in neon tetras, severe lipoid liver degeneration occurred in glowlight rasboras.
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Abstract
Consumption of edible insects has been widely suggested as an environmentally sustainable substitute for meat to reduce GHG emissions. However, the novel research field for edible insects rely on the content of bioactive ingredients and on the ability to induce a functional effect in humans. The goal of this manuscript was to review the available body of evidence on the properties of edible insects in modulating oxidative and inflammatory stress, platelet aggregation, lipid and glucose metabolism and weight control. A search for literature investigating the functional role of edible insects was carried out in the PUBMED database using specific keywords. A total of 55 studies, meeting inclusion criteria after screening, were divided on the basis of the experimental approach: in vitro studies, cellular models/ex vivo studies or in vivo studies. In the majority of the studies, insects demonstrated the ability to reduce oxidative stress, modulate antioxidant status, restore the impaired activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce markers of oxidative damage. Edible insects displayed anti-inflammatory activity reducing cytokines and modulating specific transcription factors. Results from animal studies suggest that edible insects can modulate lipid and glucose metabolism. The limited number of studies focused on the assessment of anticoagulation activity of edible insects make it difficult to draw conclusions. More evidence from dietary intervention studies in humans is needed to support the promising evidence from in vitro and animal models about the functional role of edible insects consumption.
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Yin X, Liu W, Chen H, Qi C, Chen H, Niu H, Yang J, Kwok KWH, Dong W. Effects of ferulic acid on muscle development and intestinal microbiota of zebrafish. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:429-440. [PMID: 34580932 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is one of a common ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine. FA has the interesting property of promoting growth and improving meat quality in livestock, but the mechanism is not understood. This study evaluated both safety and mechanism of efficacy in zebrafish model. At 15 μg/mL or above, FA led to pericardial oedema and delayed growth in zebrafish embryos. Dietary FA promoted growth and feed assimilation in male adult zebrafish. Genes related to myogenic development (myod1, myog and myf5) were significantly upregulated by FA and muscle fibre width in skeletal muscle was increased. At 20 µg/g, FA significantly increased number of goblet cells in zebrafish intestinal tissue, and gut microbiota composition also changed. Based on 16s rRNA gene sequences, 20 μg/g FA decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroides. 20 μg/g FA also stimulated the expression of PPAR-α, a gene associated with fat metabolism, and decreased the expression of PPAR-β and PPAR-γ. These gene expression changes were beneficial to fatty acid synthesis and metabolism and decreased fat deposition. Our overall results indicated that FA can be a safe growth promotor in fish particularly in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Wuyun Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China.,Department of Forage Nutrition and Chemistry, College of Animal Husbandry Biotechnology, National Agricultural University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Chelimuge Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Huaxin Niu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Kevin W H Kwok
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.,Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, Collage of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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The first insight into full-fat superworm (Zophobas morio) meal in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) diets: a study on multiple-choice feeding preferences and growth performance. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Insect meals are sustainable alternative protein sources in animal nutrition. However, the data in the topic of their application in petfood and ornamental fish nutrition are scarce. Thus the present study was undertaken to asses their usability in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) diets. The first experiment aimed to investigate the attractiveness of select insect meals for guppies, and the second in evaluation of superworm (Zophobas morio) meal monodiet effects. The first experiment (free-choice feeding test) lasted five days. Fish were given a choice between four attractants: fish meal, black soldier fly (Hermetia illuces) meal (HI), Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) meal (MC), and superworm (Zophobas morio) meal (ZM). The preliminary part of the study showed that the most frequently chosen attractant throughout the entire free-choice feeding test period was ZM. Based on the obtained results, the second part of the study was designed as a growth test with the use of a ZM monodiet compared to commercial feed. The experiment lasted 90 days, and 150 guppy fry were used. The fish were randomly divided into two groups (CON - commercial feed, ZM - Zophobas morio meal). No effects of dietary treatment were found in terms of survival rate, fish body length, or fish body length gain. The present study shows that ZM was the most preferred attractant and that a monodiet based on insect meal can be successfully applied in guppy fry nutrition.
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25
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Mohamed H, Marusich E, Afanasev Y, Leonov S. Fatty Acids-Enriched Fractions of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Larvae Fat Can Combat MDR Pathogenic Fish Bacteria Aeromonas spp. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168829. [PMID: 34445533 PMCID: PMC8396364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. cause many diseases in aquaculture habitats. Hermetia illucens (Hi) larvae were used as feed-in aquacultures and in eradicating pathogenic fish bacteria. In the present study, we applied consecutive extractions of the same biomass of BSFL fat using the acidic water–methanol solution. The major constituents of the sequential extracts (SEs) were free fatty acids (FFAs), and fatty acids derivatives as identified by gas chromatography spectrometry (GC-MS). Our improved procedure enabled gradual enrichment in the unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) content in our SEs. The present study aimed to compare the composition and antimicrobial properties of SEs. Among actual fish pathogens, A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida demonstrated multiple drug resistance (MDR) against different recommended standard antibiotics: A. salmonicida was resistant to six, while A. hydrophila was resistant to four antibiotics from ten used in the present study. For the first time, we demonstrated the high dose-dependent antibacterial activity of each SE against Aeromonas spp., especially MDR A. salmonicida. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal (MIC/MBC) activity of SEs was significantly enhanced through the sequential extractions. The third sequential extract (AWME3) possessed the highest activity against Aeromonas spp.: inhibition zone diameters were in the range (21.47 ± 0.14–20.83 ± 0.22 mm) at a concentration of 40 mg/mL, MIC values ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 mg/mL for A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, respectively. AWME3 MBC values recorded 0.19 and 0.38 mg/mL, while MIC50 values were 0.065 ± 0.004 and 0.22 ± 0.005 mg/mL against A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, respectively. Thus, the larvae fat from Hermitia illucens may serve as an excellent reservoir of bioactive molecules with good capacity to eradicate the multidrug-resistant bacteria, having promising potential for practical application in the aquaculture field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heakal Mohamed
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Elena Marusich
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.L.); Tel.: +7-965-247-1982 (E.M.); +7-915-055-5643 (S.L.)
| | - Yuriy Afanasev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, School of Biological and Medical Physics, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (H.M.); (Y.A.)
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.M.); (S.L.); Tel.: +7-965-247-1982 (E.M.); +7-915-055-5643 (S.L.)
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26
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Quantitative assessment of transferable antibiotic resistance genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) fed Hermetia illucens-based feed. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Zebrafish automatic monitoring system for conditioning and behavioral analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9330. [PMID: 33927213 PMCID: PMC8085222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87502-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using zebrafish (Danio rerio) in neuro-behavioural research are growing. Measuring fish behavior by computational methods is one of the most efficient ways to avoid human bias in experimental analyses, extending them to various approaches. Sometimes, thorough analyses are difficult to do, as fish can behave unpredictably during an experimental strategy. However, the analyses can be implemented in an automated way, using an online strategy and video processing for a complete assessment of the zebrafish behavior, based on the detection and tracking of fish during an activity. Here, a fully automatic conditioning and detailed analysis of zebrafish behavior is presented. Microcontrolled components were used to control the delivery of visual and sound stimuli, in addition to the concise amounts of food after conditioned stimuli for adult zebrafish groups in a conventional tank. The images were captured and processed for automatic detection of the fish, and the training of the fish was done in two evaluation strategies: simple and complex. In simple conditioning, the zebrafish showed significant responses from the second attempt, learning that the conditioned stimulus was a predictor of food presentation in a specific space of the tank, where the food was dumped. When the fish were subjected to two stimuli for decision-making in the food reward, the zebrafish obtained better responses to red light stimuli in relation to vibration. The behavior change was clear in stimulated fish in relation to the control group, thus, the distances traveled and the speed were greater, while the polarization was lower in stimulated fish. This automated system allows for the conditioning and assessment of zebrafish behavior online, with greater stability in experiments, and in the analysis of the behavior of individual fish or fish schools, including learning and memory studies.
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Merola C, Lucon-Xiccato T, Bertolucci C, Perugini M. Behavioural effects of early-life exposure to parabens in zebrafish larvae. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1852-1862. [PMID: 33826164 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals due to their ability to activate several nuclear receptors causing changes in hormones-dependent signalling pathways. Central nervous system of developing organisms is particularly vulnerable to changes in hormonal pathways, which could lead to altered brain function, abnormal behaviour and even diseases later in life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of exposure to butylparaben (BuP), ethylparaben (EtP) and methylparaben (MeP) during early development on nervous system using zebrafish larvae's behavioural models. Zebrafish were exposed until 4 days post fertilization (dpf) to three concentrations of each paraben chosen considering the environmentally realistic concentrations of human exposure and the benchmark-dose lower bound calculated for zebrafish larvae (BuP: 5, 50 and 500 μg/L; EtP: 50, 500 and 5000 μg/L; MeP: 100, 1000 and 10,000 μg/L). Activity in novel and in familiar environment, thigmotaxis, visual startle response and photic synchronization of the behavioural circadian rhythms were analysed at 4, 5 and 6 dpf. Zebrafish larvae exposed to BuP 500 μg/L and EtP 5000 μg/L revealed increased anxiety-like behaviour in novel environment. Larvae treated with 500 μg/L of BuP showed reduced activity in familiar and marginally in unfamiliar environment, and larvae exposed to 5000 μg/L of EtP exhibited hyperactivity in familiar environment. Parabens exposure did not influence the visual startle response and the photic synchronization of circadian rhythms in zebrafish larvae. This research highlighted as the exposure to parabens has the potential to interfere with behavioural development of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Tyrone Lucon-Xiccato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bertolucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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29
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Zarantoniello M, Randazzo B, Cardinaletti G, Truzzi C, Chemello G, Riolo P, Olivotto I. Possible Dietary Effects of Insect-Based Diets across Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Generations: A Multidisciplinary Study on the Larval Phase. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030751. [PMID: 33803315 PMCID: PMC8000180 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects represent a valuable and sustainable alternative ingredient for aquafeed formulation. However, insect-based diets have often highlighted controversial results in different fish species, especially when high inclusion levels were used. Several studies have demonstrated that nutritional programming through parental feeding may allow the production of fish better adapted to use sub-optimal aquafeed ingredients. To date, this approach has never been explored on insect-based diets. In the present study, five experimental diets characterized by increasing fish meal substitution levels with full-fat Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens; BSF) prepupae meal (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were used to investigate the effects of programming via broodstock nutrition on F1 zebrafish larvae development. The responses of offspring were assayed through biometric, gas chromatographic, histological, and molecular analyses. The results evidenced that the same BSF-based diets provided to adults were able to affect F1 zebrafish larvae fatty acid composition without impairing growth performances, hepatic lipid accumulation and gut health. Groups challenged with higher BSF inclusion with respect to fish meal (50%, 75% and 100%) showed a significant downregulation of stress response markers and a positive modulation of inflammatory cytokines gene expression. The present study evidences that nutritional programming through parental feeding may make it possible to extend the fish meal substitution level with BSF prepupae meal in the diet up to almost 100% without incurring the well-known negative side effects of BSF-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali (Di4A), Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Cristina Truzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Chemello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (B.R.); (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Prepupae Defatted Meals in Diets for Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030720. [PMID: 33800826 PMCID: PMC7999764 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquaculture accounts for 52% of the world’s production of fish for human consumption and its growth relies on finding new alternative protein sources to fishmeal to use in aquafeeds. To make fish feed more sustainable, insects have emerged as valuable alternatives due to their high nutritional value. In this context, black soldier fly (BSF) meals have been used to replace, partially or totally, fishmeal in aquafeeds. However, due to relevant nutritional peculiarities of BSF developmental stages, it is crucial to understand how they can affect fish growth performance and health status. In this study, we evaluated the effects of total dietary replacement of fishmeal with defatted BSF larvae and prepupae meals on the growth performance of zebrafish from larva, through adult stages, in a 60-day feeding trial. Moreover, the effects of the two BSF meals on the expression of genes involved in growth, stress- and immune- responses, as well as hydrolysis of chitin were investigated. Overall, our results showed the beneficial role of defatted BSF meals in zebrafish diet, especially regarding prepupae meal, suggesting that black soldier fly meals could totally replace fishmeal without negatively affecting growth and wellness of zebrafish. Abstract The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens is receiving increasing attention as a sustainable fishmeal alternative protein source for aquaculture. To date, no studies have explored the effects of fishmeal replacement with BSF V instar larvae or prepupae meals due to their peculiar nutritional properties on fish performances. This study investigated the effects of 100% replacement of fishmeal (control diet) with defatted BSF meals (V instar larvae and prepupae meals, treatments) on growth performance and welfare of zebrafish (Danio rerio), from larvae to adults, in a 60-day feeding trial. Following the inclusion of BSF meals, the expression of key genes involved in growth (igf1, igf2, mstnb, myod1, myog, myf5), hydrolysis of chitin (chia.2, chia.3, chia.5), immune- (il1b, il6, tnfα), and stress- (hsp70 and nr3c1) responses, as assessed by qPCR, was modulated in all of the molecular pathways, except for the stress response. Overall, our findings showed that both BSF meals can totally replace fishmeal without adverse impacts on adult zebrafish growth parameters (final total and standard length, final body weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate) and welfare, with BSF prepupae meal inducing the most beneficial effects, thus suggesting their potential application to meet fish requirements in aquaculture.
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Randazzo B, Zarantoniello M, Cardinaletti G, Cerri R, Giorgini E, Belloni A, Contò M, Tibaldi E, Olivotto I. Hermetia illucens and Poultry by-Product Meals as Alternatives to Plant Protein Sources in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Diet: A Multidisciplinary Study on Fish Gut Status. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030677. [PMID: 33806710 PMCID: PMC8001786 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sustainability and fish welfare have been receiving increasing attention in the aquaculture sector, with an emphasis on the search for new, sustainable, and healthy aquafeed ingredients. For many years, plant ingredients have been widely used in aquafeed formulation; however, negative side effects on gut welfare have often been reported in several carnivorous fish species. From this perspective, alternative ingredients such as poultry by-products and insect meal are receiving attention due to their low ecological footprint and high nutritional value. In the present study, these two ingredients were used, singly or in combination, to formulate practical diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). After a twelve-week feeding trial, a multidisciplinary laboratory approach including histological, molecular, and spectroscopic techniques was adopted in order to investigate fish physiological responses to the new test diets. The results obtained showed excellent zootechnical performances and ameliorated gut health in fish fed dietary inclusions of poultry by-products and insect meal compared to those fed a vegetable-based diet. In addition, the modulation of nutrient absorption in relation to the ingredients used was highlighted by means of spectroscopic tools. The results obtained demonstrated that poultry by-products and insect meal can be successfully used to replace plant-derived ingredients in diets for gilthead seabream without negatively affecting fish welfare. Abstract The attempt to replace marine-derived ingredients for aquafeed formulation with plant-derived ones has met some limitations due to their negative side effects on many fish species. In this context, finding new, sustainable ingredients able to promote fish welfare is currently under exploration. In the present study, poultry by-products and Hermetia illucens meal were used to replace the vegetable protein fraction in diets totally deprived of fish meal intended for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). After a 12-week feeding trial, a multidisciplinary approach including histological, molecular, and spectroscopic techniques was adopted to investigate intestine and liver responses to the different dietary formulations. Regardless of the alternative ingredient used, the reduction in dietary vegetable proteins resulted in a lower incidence of intestine histological alterations and inflammatory responses. In addition, the dietary inclusion of insect meal positively affected the reduction in the molecular inflammatory markers analyzed. Spectroscopic analyses showed that poultry by-product meal improved lipid absorption in the intestine, while insect meal induced increased liver lipid deposition in fish. The results obtained demonstrated that both poultry by-products and H. illucens meal can successfully be used to replace plant-derived ingredients in diets for gilthead seabream, promoting healthy aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basilio Randazzo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (B.R.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (B.R.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (R.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Roberto Cerri
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (R.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (B.R.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (B.R.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Contò
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 00015 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emilio Tibaldi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (G.C.); (R.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (B.R.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Supplementation of tuna hydrolysate and insect larvae improves fishmeal replacement efficacy of poultry by-product in Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) juveniles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4997. [PMID: 33654188 PMCID: PMC7925588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding different levels of poultry by-product meal (PBM) replacing fishmeal (FM) protein, supplemented with tuna hydrolysate (TH) and Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae, on the growth, fillet quality, histological traits, immune status, oxidative biomarker levels and gut microbiota of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer were investigated for six weeks. Barramundi were fed four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets in which a FM based diet was used as the Control diet (Diet1) and compared with other non-FM diets containing 80%, 85% and 90% PBM along with the concurrent supplementation of 5% and/or 10% TH and HI larvae meal. These treatment diets were designated as 80PBM10TH+10HI (Diet2), 85PBM5TH+10HI (Diet3) and 90PBM5TH+5HI (Diet4). The growth and condition factor of fish fed 80PBM10TH+10HI and 85PBM5TH+10HI were significantly higher than the Control. Total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid retention in the fish muscle increased in fish fed PBM-based diets, supplemented with TH and HI larvae meal, with no adverse effect on post-harvest characteristics such as texture and colour of fish fillets. Improvement in serum total bilirubin and total protein content was found in all fish fed TH and HI larvae supplemented PBM. Similarly, immune response showed a significant increase in fish fed non-FM test diets than the Control. In the distal intestine, supplementation of any quantities of TH and HI larvae to PBM led to an increase in the microvilli density and neutral mucins while the number of goblet cells in the skin were unchanged. Liver, kidney, and spleen histology demonstrated a normal structure with no obvious changes in response to all test diets. Bacterial diversity increased in fish fed Diets 2 and 3 with a high abundance of Proteobacteria in Diets 1 and 4 and Firmicutes in Diets 2 and 3. The fish on test diets showed a lower abundance of genus Vibrio. Fish fed TH and HI larvae supplemented PBM diets showed lower infection rate to V. harveyi than the Control. Collectively, concurrent supplementation of TH and HI larvae could improve the quality of PBM diets with positive effects on growth, fillet quality, intestinal health, immunity, and disease resistance.
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Rawski M, Mazurkiewicz J, Kierończyk B, Józefiak D. Black Soldier Fly Full-Fat Larvae Meal is More Profitable than Fish Meal and Fish Oil in Siberian Sturgeon Farming: The Effects on Aquaculture Sustainability, Economy and Fish GIT Development. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030604. [PMID: 33668867 PMCID: PMC7996161 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The practical use of alternative feed materials must be both sustainable and profitable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of black soldier fly full-fat larvae meal (BSFL) on environmental and economic aspects as well as gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development in Siberian sturgeon nutrition. The experimentally obtained data were used for calculations of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) relative usage per kg of fish gain. The economic conversion ratio and profitability per unit of fish gain were assessed also. The samples of intestinal and liver tissues were analysed in terms of villi height, width, and surface, and liver health. The study showed a high potential of BSFL usage up to its highest used incorporation that was 30% of the diet. The environmental sustainability of the diets was increased not only by the reduction in FM and FO use but also by the increase in feed conversion efficiency. Thus, even though the price of BSFL was higher than FM and FO, the profitability of fish production was improved, finding its optimum at the levels of 10% and 15% BSFL incorporation. Moreover, health beneficial effects of BSFL were observed in alterations of GIT development. Abstract This study provides data on the environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and gastrointestinal tract development of Siberian sturgeon diets containing black soldier fly full-fat larvae meal (BSFL) for a fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) replacement. BSFL was used at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the diet, replacing by up to 61.3% of FM and 95.4% of FO. BSFL positively affected the feed efficiency ratio, and lowered FM and FO usage per kg of fish gain. All the BSFL diets showed a sustainable fish-in fish-out (FIFO) ratio, which was lowered by up to 75% in comparison to the control. Economic assessment per kg of fish gain showed that the most lucrative variants were variants with 10% and 15% BSFL, it finds a mode of action in improvements of the gastrointestinal tract development, including increased pyloric caeca and proximal intestine shares and enhanced villus height and area. Thus, in Siberian sturgeon, BSFL may be used not only as an FM and FO replacer but also as a functional material due to its feed utilization and beneficial health effects, which are reflected in its high sustainability and favourable economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Rawski
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jan Mazurkiewicz
- Laboratory of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;
- Hipromine S.A., Poznańska 12F, 62-023 Robakowo, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-848-77-21
| | - Bartosz Kierończyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Damian Józefiak
- Hipromine S.A., Poznańska 12F, 62-023 Robakowo, Poland;
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
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Zarantoniello M, Randazzo B, Nozzi V, Truzzi C, Giorgini E, Cardinaletti G, Freddi L, Ratti S, Girolametti F, Osimani A, Notarstefano V, Milanović V, Riolo P, Isidoro N, Tulli F, Gioacchini G, Olivotto I. Physiological responses of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles fed on full-fat insect-based diet in an aquaponic system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1057. [PMID: 33441819 PMCID: PMC7806854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, the potential use of Black Soldier Fly meal (BSF) as a new and sustainable aquafeed ingredient has been largely explored in several fish species. However, only fragmentary information is available about the use of BSF meal-based diets in sturgeon nutrition. In consideration of a circular economy concept and a more sustainable aquaculture development, the present research represents the first comprehensive multidisciplinary study on the physiological effects of a BSF diet during sturgeon culture in an aquaponic system. Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles were fed over a 60-days feeding trial on a control diet (Hi0) and a diet containing 50% of full-fat BSF meal respect to fish meal (Hi50). Physiological responses of fish were investigated using several analytical approaches, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, histology, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), microbiome sequencing and Real-time PCR. While aquaponic systems performed optimally during the trial, Hi50 group fish showed lower diet acceptance that resulted in growth and survival reduction, a decrease in hepatic lipids and glycogen content (FTIR), a higher hepatic hsp70.1 gene expression and a worsening in gut histological morphometric parameters. The low feed acceptance showed by Hi50 group sturgeon highlighted the necessity to improve the palatability of BSF-based diet designed for sturgeon culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Basilio Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Nozzi
- Mj Energy srl Società Agricola, Contrada SS. Crocifisso, 22, 62010, Treia, MC, Italy
| | - Cristina Truzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloriana Cardinaletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali (Di4A), Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Freddi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Girolametti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Osimani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vesna Milanović
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Riolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nunzio Isidoro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Tulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Alimentari, Ambientali e Animali (Di4A), Università di Udine, via Sondrio 2/A, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gioacchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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Szendrő K, Nagy MZ, Tóth K. Consumer Acceptance of Meat from Animals Reared on Insect Meal as Feed. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081312. [PMID: 32751612 PMCID: PMC7460500 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poultry, pigs, and fish consume insects in nature and therefore insect meal could be considered to be an acceptable substitute for soybean and fishmeal as a protein source in the diets of these animals. Hungarian respondents were asked about their opinion on consuming meat obtained from animals under free-range conditions or from animals that had received insect meal in their diet. On a scale of 1–7, the respondents gave 5.11 points for the meat of free-range animals, but significantly less points (3.69) for the meat of animals that had consumed insect meal. However, free-ranging animals also consume insects and other small animals, of which the origin is not known, while the insects used as feed are produced under controlled conditions. The consumers’ decisions are affected by their attitudes: free-range is associated with animal welfare, but mentioning insects creates feelings of aversion and antipathies. In conclusion, to increase the consumers’ acceptance of meat products from animals reared on insect meal, consumers need to be made aware of the various benefits of insect meal in animal feed. Abstract Insect protein production requires much less land, feed, and water, and thus has a much smaller ecological footprint than animal protein production, which is important for reducing global warming. Poultry, pigs, and fish consume insects in nature, so insect meal could be a good substitute for soybean and fishmeal as a protein source in diets. The aim of this study was to examine consumer opinion on meat that originated from animals whose diet contained insect meal. The study was conducted in Hungary in 2020 (N = 414). On a scale of 1–7, respondents gave much lower scores (3.96) to this product than that which originated from a free-range system (5.11; p < 0.001). Male, more highly educated, and 30–39 year-old respondents gave significantly higher scores than other groups. The most important factor in accepting insect meal in animal feed was “no risk”, while the least important factor was “replacement of Genetically Modified (GM) soybeans”. Since free-range animals also consume insects, the difference in the attitude of respondents was based on their aversion to insects, while accepting free-range as the best animal welfare system. Thus, more emphasis should be placed on the benefits of insect meal in animal feed in order to bring about awareness and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Szendrő
- Institute of Marketing and Management, Kaposvár University, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| | - Mónika Zita Nagy
- Institute of Methodology, Kaposvár University, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Institute of Regional and Agricultural Economics, Kaposvár University, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
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