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New JS, Dizon BLP, Kearney JF, King RG. Glycan-Reactive Innate-like B Cells and Developmental Checkpoints. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1913-1921. [PMID: 38647373 PMCID: PMC11147723 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Using an Ig H chain conferring specificity for N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc), we developed transgenic (VHHGAC39 TG) mice to study the role of self-antigens in GlcNAc-reactive B-1 B cell development. In VHHGAC39 TG mice, GlcNAc-reactive B-1 B cell development during ontogeny and in adult bone marrow was normal. However, adult TG mice exhibited a block at transitional-2 immature B cell stages, resulting in impaired allelic exclusion and accumulation of a B cell subset coexpressing endogenous Ig gene rearrangements. Similarly, VHHGAC39 B cell fitness was impeded compared with non-self-reactive VHJ558 B TG cells in competitive mixed bone marrow chimeras. Nonetheless, adult VHHGAC39 mice immunized with Streptococcus pyogenes produce anti-GlcNAc Abs. Peritoneal cavity B cells transferred from VHHGAC39 TG mice into RAG-/- mice also exhibited robust expansion and anti-GlcNAc Ab production. However, chronic treatment of young VHHGAC39 mice with GlcNAc-specific mAbs leads to lower GlcNAc-binding B cell frequencies while increasing the proportion of GlcNAc-binding B1-a cells, suggesting that Ag masking or clearance of GlcNAc Ags impedes maturation of newly formed GlcNAc-reactive B cells. Finally, BCR H chain editing promotes expression of endogenous nontransgenic BCR alleles, allowing potentially self-reactive TG B cells to escape anergy or deletion at the transitional stage of precursor B cell development. Collectively, these observations indicate that GlcNAc-reactive B cell development is sensitive to the access of autologous Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stewart New
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Brian L P Dizon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - R Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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2
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Mehta AY, Tilton CA, Muerner L, von Gunten S, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Reusable glycan microarrays using a microwave assisted wet-erase (MAWE) process. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad091. [PMID: 37962922 PMCID: PMC10969520 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern studies on binding of proteins to glycans commonly involve the use of synthetic glycans and their derivatives in which a small amount of the material is covalently printed onto a functionalized slide in a glycan microarray format. While incredibly useful to explore binding interactions with many types of samples, the common techniques involve drying the slides, which leads to irreversible association of the protein to the spots on slides to which they bound, thus limiting a microarray to a single use. We have developed a new technique which we term Microwave Assisted Wet-Erase (MAWE) glycan microarrays. In this approach we image the slides under wet conditions to acquire the data, after which the slides are cleaned of binding proteins by treatment with a denaturing SDS solution along with microwave treatment. Slides cleaned in this way can be reused multiple times, and an example here shows the reuse of a single array 15 times. We also demonstrate that this method can be used for a single-array per slide or multi-array per slide platforms. Importantly, the results obtained using this technique for a variety of lectins sequentially applied to a single array, are concordant to those obtained via the classical dry approaches on multiple slides. We also demonstrate that MAWE can be used for different types of samples, such as serum for antibody binding, and whole cells, such as yeast. This technique will greatly conserve precious glycans and prolong the use of existing and new glycan microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akul Y Mehta
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Catherine A Tilton
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Lukas Muerner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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3
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Marglous S, Brown CE, Padler-Karavani V, Cummings RD, Gildersleeve JC. Serum antibody screening using glycan arrays. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2603-2642. [PMID: 38305761 PMCID: PMC7616341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans and other animals produce a diverse collection of antibodies, many of which bind to carbohydrate chains, referred to as glycans. These anti-glycan antibodies are a critical part of our immune systems' defenses. Whether induced by vaccination or natural exposure to a pathogen, anti-glycan antibodies can provide protection against infections and cancers. Alternatively, when an immune response goes awry, antibodies that recognize self-glycans can mediate autoimmune diseases. In any case, serum anti-glycan antibodies provide a rich source of information about a patient's overall health, vaccination history, and disease status. Glycan microarrays provide a high-throughput platform to rapidly interrogate serum anti-glycan antibodies and identify new biomarkers for a variety of conditions. In addition, glycan microarrays enable detailed analysis of the immune system's response to vaccines and other treatments. Herein we review applications of glycan microarray technology for serum anti-glycan antibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Roy R. Cancer cells and viruses share common glycoepitopes: exciting opportunities toward combined treatments. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1292588. [PMID: 38495885 PMCID: PMC10940920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1292588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation patterns of glycoproteins and glycolipids have long been recognized as one the major hallmarks of cancer cells that has led to numerous glycoconjugate vaccine attempts. These abnormal glycosylation profiles mostly originate from the lack of key glycosyltransferases activities, mutations, over expressions, or modifications of the requisite chaperone for functional folding. Due to their relative structural simplicity, O-linked glycans of the altered mucin family of glycoproteins have been particularly attractive in the design of tumor associated carbohydrate-based vaccines. Several such glycoconjugate vaccine formulations have generated potent monoclonal anti-carbohydrate antibodies useful as diagnostic and immunotherapies in the fight against cancer. Paradoxically, glycoproteins related to enveloped viruses also express analogous N- and O-linked glycosylation patterns. However, due to the fact that viruses are not equipped with the appropriate glycosyl enzyme machinery, they need to hijack that of the infected host cells. Although the resulting N-linked glycans are very similar to those of normal cells, some of their O-linked glycan patterns often share the common structural simplicity to those identified on tumor cells. Consequently, given that both cancer cells and viral glycoproteins share both common N- and O-linked glycoepitopes, glycoconjugate vaccines could be highly attractive to generate potent immune responses to target both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Roy
- Glycosciences and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wojtyla C, Tołwiński I, Laudański P. The Use of the Neoglycolipid-Based Oligosaccharide Microarray System in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis - Preliminary Study. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:899-908. [PMID: 38357538 PMCID: PMC10864768 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s439709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Endometriosis presents diagnostic challenges, and there is a need for developing novel biomarkers with satisfactory specificity and sensitivity. Glycomics, exploring glycosylation changes in glycoproteins, offers potential solutions. The aim of this study was to analyze the carbohydrate-binding properties of IgG and IgM antibodies in the plasma and peritoneal fluid samples and to identify any differences in the presence and the specificities of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in the endometriosis patient and the controls. Methods Multicenter study was conducted in Poland between 2018 and 2019. Plasma and peritoneal fluid samples were collected from women undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Endometriosis patients (n=8) and controls (n=8), matched for cycle phase and disease stage, were selected. The neoglycolipid-based oligosaccharide microarray system was used to investigate IgG and IgM antibody binding properties to glycan-related probes in biological materials. Results In peritoneal fluid samples, IgM binding to the following probes was significantly higher in endometriosis: GSC-915-4 (new), LNFP-I, NeuAcα-(6')LNnO (F1), B-like decaosylceramide, log10(GM1-penta), and log10(GSC-915-5). In a control group higher IgG binding to log10(Orsay-5-AO) was observed. In plasma samples, endometriosis showed higher IgG binding to log10(NeuAcα-(6')LNnO (F1)) and lower IgG binding to Gal2GlcNAc(1-3)-AO. After Benjamin-Hochberg correction, differences were not significant. Effect sizes highlighted some glycan probes in both plasma and peritoneal fluid. Strong correlations were observed among binding to certain glycan probes. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests glycomics' potential contribution to endometriosis diagnosis and understanding of its pathophysiology. Neoglycolipid-based microarrays hold promise for non-invasive endometriosis diagnostic tools. Further investigations with larger cohorts are warranted to validate these findings and explore potential correlations with antibody levels in plasma and peritoneal fluid. Glycomics emerges as a valuable diagnostic asset in endometriosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Wojtyla
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
- OVIklinika Infertility Center, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Laudański
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Calisia University, Kalisz, Poland
- OVIklinika Infertility Center, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lake BM, Rullo AF. Offsetting Low-Affinity Carbohydrate Binding with Covalency to Engage Sugar-Specific Proteins for Tumor-Immune Proximity Induction. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2064-2075. [PMID: 38033792 PMCID: PMC10683482 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding receptors are often used by the innate immune system to potentiate inflammation, target endocytosis/destruction, and adaptive immunity (e.g., CD206, DC-SIGN, MBL, and anticarbohydrate antibodies). To access this class of receptors for cancer immunotherapy, a growing repertoire of bifunctional proximity-inducing therapeutics use high-avidity multivalent carbohydrate binding domains to offset the intrinsically low affinity associated with monomeric carbohydrate-protein binding interactions (Kd ≈ 10-3-10-6 M). For applications aimed at recruiting anticarbohydrate antibodies to tumor cells, large synthetic scaffolds are used that contain both a tumor-binding domain (TBD) and a multivalent antibody-binding domain (ABD) comprising multiple l-rhamnose monosaccharides. This allows for stable bridging between tumor cells and antibodies, which activates tumoricidal immune function. Problematically, such multivalent macromolecules can face limitations including synthetic and/or structural complexity and the potential for off-target immune engagement. We envisioned that small bifunctional "proximity-inducing" molecules containing a low-affinity monovalent ABD could efficiently engage carbohydrate-binding receptors for tumor-immune proximity by coupling weak binding with covalent engagement. Typical covalent drugs and electrophilic chimeras use high-affinity ligands to promote the fast covalent engagement of target proteins (i.e., large kinact/KI), driven by a favorably small KI for binding. We hypothesized the much less favorable KI associated with carbohydrate-protein binding interactions can be offset by a favorably large kinact for the covalent labeling step. In the current study, we test this hypothesis in the context of a model system that uses rhamnose-specific antibodies to induce tumor-immune proximity and tumoricidal function. We discovered that synthetic chimeric molecules capable of preorganizing an optimal electrophile (i.e., SuFEx vs activated ester) for protein engagement can rapidly covalently engage natural sources of antirhamnose antibody using only a single low-affinity rhamnose monosaccharide ABD. Strikingly, we observe chimeric molecules lacking an electrophile, which can only noncovalently bind the antibody, completely lack tumoricidal function. This is in stark contrast to previous work targeting small molecule hapten and peptide-specific antibodies. Our findings underscore the utility of covalency as a strategy to engage low-affinity carbohydrate-specific proteins for tumor-immune proximity induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
P. M. Lake
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center
for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony F. Rullo
- Department
of Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Center
for Discovery in Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical
Sciences, and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, Canada
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Shen M, Zhang S, Mao Y, Wang C, Gao P, Li N, Jiang Y, Liu D, Wang T, Jia B, Xu L, Huang B, Zhu R, Sun Z, Wei K. Effect of duck interferon-α and an anti-cap protein polyclonal antibody against duck circovirus. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106235. [PMID: 37419219 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is one of the most prevalent viruses in the duck breeding industry, and causes persistent infection and severe immunosuppression. Currently, there is a serious lack of prevention and control measures and no commercial vaccine against DuCV. Therefore, effective antiviral drugs are important for treating DuCV infection. Interferon (IFN) is an important component of antiviral innate immunity, but it remains unclear whether duck IFN-α has a clinical effect against DuCV. Antibody therapy is an important way to treat viral infections. The DuCV structural protein (cap) is immunogenic, and it remains to be determined whether an anti-cap protein antibody can effectively block DuCV infection. In this study, the duck IFN-α gene and the DuCV structural protein cap gene were cloned, expressed and purified in Escherichia coli to prepare duck recombinant IFN-α and the cap protein. Then, rabbits were immunized with the recombinant cap protein to prepare a rabbit polyclonal antibody. This study investigated the antiviral effect of duck recombinant IFN-α and the anti-cap protein antibody and their combined effect on Cherry Valley ducks infected with DuCV. The results showed that the treatment significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of immune organ atrophy and immunosuppression compared with the control. The histopathological damage of the target organs was alleviated, and replication of DuCV in the immune organs was significantly inhibited. The treatment also reduced the damage caused by DuCV to the liver and immune function, and increased the level of the DuCV antibody in the blood, thereby improving antiviral activity. Notably, the combination of duck IFN-α and the polyclonal antibody completely blocked DuCV infection after 13 days under the experimental conditions, showing a better inhibitory effect on DuCV infection than single treatments. These results showed that duck recombinant IFN-α and the anti-cap protein antibody can be used as antiviral drugs to clinically treat and control DuCV infection, particularly the vertical transmission of the virus in breeding ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yaqing Mao
- China Veterinary Drug Inspection Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Panpan Gao
- Zaozhuang Veterinary Biological Products Inspection Center, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yunxuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Baoyu Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Bohan Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhenhong Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
| | - Kai Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.
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von Gunten S, Schneider C, Imamovic L, Gorochov G. Antibody diversity in IVIG: Therapeutic opportunities for novel immunotherapeutic drugs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166821. [PMID: 37063852 PMCID: PMC10090664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the elucidation of human antibody repertoires. Furthermore, non-canonical functions of antibodies have been identified that reach beyond classical functions linked to protection from pathogens. Polyclonal immunoglobulin preparations such as IVIG and SCIG represent the IgG repertoire of the donor population and will likely remain the cornerstone of antibody replacement therapy in immunodeficiencies. However, novel evidence suggests that pooled IgA might promote orthobiotic microbial colonization in gut dysbiosis linked to mucosal IgA immunodeficiency. Plasma-derived polyclonal IgG and IgA exhibit immunoregulatory effects by a diversity of different mechanisms, which have inspired the development of novel drugs. Here we highlight recent insights into IgG and IgA repertoires and discuss potential implications for polyclonal immunoglobulin therapy and inspired drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Stephan von Gunten,
| | | | - Lejla Imamovic
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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Tran PMH, Dong F, Kim E, Richardson KP, Tran LKH, Waugh K, Hopkins D, Cummings RD, Wang PG, Rewers MJ, She JX, Purohit S. Use of a glycomics array to establish the anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoire in type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6527. [PMID: 36316364 PMCID: PMC9622713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to protein and non-protein antigens. Here we report the identification of specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies (ACAs) that are associated with pathogenesis and progression to T1D. We compare circulatory levels of ACAs against 202 glycans in a cross-sectional cohort of T1D patients (n = 278) and healthy controls (n = 298), as well as in a longitudinal cohort (n = 112). We identify 11 clusters of ACAs associated with glycan function class. Clusters enriched for aminoglycosides, blood group A and B antigens, glycolipids, ganglio-series, and O-linked glycans are associated with progression to T1D. ACAs against gentamicin and its related structures, G418 and sisomicin, are also associated with islet autoimmunity. ACAs improve discrimination of T1D status of individuals over a model with only clinical variables and are potential biomarkers for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M H Tran
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, CT06510, USA
| | - Fran Dong
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop A-140, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Eileen Kim
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Katherine P Richardson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lynn K H Tran
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kathleen Waugh
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop A-140, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Diane Hopkins
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Marian J Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop A-140, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sharad Purohit
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Undergraduate Health Professionals, College of Allied Health Sciences Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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10
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Temme JS, Crainic JA, Walker LM, Yang W, Tan Z, Huang X, Gildersleeve JC. Microarray-guided evaluation of the frequency, B cell origins, and selectivity of human glycan-binding antibodies reveals new insights and novel antibodies. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102468. [PMID: 36087840 PMCID: PMC9576894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system produces a diverse collection of antiglycan antibodies that are critical for host defense. At present, however, we know very little about the binding properties, origins, and sequences of these antibodies because of a lack of access to a variety of defined individual antibodies. To address this challenge, we used a glycan microarray with over 800 different components to screen a panel of 516 human monoclonal antibodies that had been randomly cloned from different B-cell subsets originating from healthy human subjects. We obtained 26 antiglycan antibodies, most of which bound microbial carbohydrates. The majority of the antiglycan antibodies identified in the screen displayed selective binding for specific glycan motifs on our array and lacked polyreactivity. We found that antiglycan antibodies were about twice as likely than expected to originate from IgG+ memory B cells, whereas none were isolated from naïve, early emigrant, or immature B cells. Therefore, our results indicate that certain B-cell subsets in our panel are enriched in antiglycan antibodies, and IgG+ memory B cells may be a promising source of such antibodies. Furthermore, some of the newly identified antibodies bound glycans for which there are no reported monoclonal antibodies available, and these may be useful as research tools, diagnostics, or therapeutic agents. Overall, the results provide insight into the types and properties of antiglycan antibodies produced by the human immune system and a framework for the identification of novel antiglycan antibodies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sebastian Temme
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Jennifer A Crainic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Zibin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702.
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Structural Insight into Terminal Galactose Recognition by Two Non-HBGA Binding GI.3 Noroviruses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0042022. [PMID: 35658530 PMCID: PMC9278146 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00420-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (huNoVs) cause epidemic acute gastroenteritis using histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as host receptors or attachment factors to initiate an infection. While most huNoVs have been shown to bind HBGAs, some known clinical isolates, such as GI.3 DSV and VA115, do not recognize any HBGAs and thus the molecular mechanism behind their infections remains elusive. In this study, we provided both phenotypic and structural evidence to show that huNoV DSV and VA115 recognize a group of glycans with terminal galactoses as ligands. First, through glycan array we found that both DSV and VA115 protruding (P) domain proteins bound two oligosaccharides that share common terminal galactoses. Then, by determination of the crystal structures of DSV/VA115 P proteins in complex with Galα1-3Galβ1-4Glc and/or NA2 N-Glycan, respectively, we showed that the terminal galactose is the main saccharide recognized by the two viral proteins. Our data demonstrated that GI huNoVs can interact with non-HBGA glycans through their conserved galactose binding site, shedding light on the mechanism of huNoV adaptation through recognizing new glycan receptors to facilitate their widespread nature in human population. These findings are also of significance in strategy development for huNoV control and prevention, as well as development of antiviral drugs. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses (huNoVs) are the most important viral pathogens causing epidemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Previous studies indicated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are critical host-susceptibility factors affecting huNoV host susceptibility, host range, and probably prevalence. However, certain huNoVs, such as GI.3 DSV and VA115, do not recognize any HBGAs. This implies that other unknown host factors might exist and the molecular mechanism underlying their host receptor recognition or attachment remains elusive. In this study, we found that purified capsid protruding domain proteins from two GI.3 huNoVs specifically bind two glycans that contain a common terminal galactose. We solved the crystal structures of the complexes at atomic resolution and validated the vital amino acids involved in glycan recognition. Our findings elucidate the mechanism of GI.3 huNoV-non-HBGA glycan interaction, which explains why GI.3 virus strains could not bind human HBGAs, paving a way to the prevention and treatment of huNoV-associated diseases.
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12
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Simón-Fuentes M, Sánchez-Ramón S, Fernández-Paredes L, Alonso B, Guevara-Hoyer K, Vega MA, Corbí AL, Domínguez-Soto Á. Intravenous Immunoglobulins Promote an Expansion of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) in CVID Patients. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1093-1105. [PMID: 35486340 PMCID: PMC9053130 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID), the most common primary immune deficiency, includes heterogeneous syndromes characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired antibody responses. CVID patients frequently suffer from recurrent infections and inflammatory conditions. Currently, immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) is the first-line treatment to prevent infections and aminorate immune alterations in CVID patients. Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg), a preparation of highly purified poly-specific IgG, is used for treatment of immunodeficiencies as well as for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, as IVIg exerts immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory actions on innate and adaptive immune cells. To determine the mechanism of action of IVIg in CVID in vivo, we determined the effect of IVIg infusion on the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from CVID patients, and found that peripheral blood monocytes are primary targets of IVIg in vivo, and that IVIg triggers the acquisition of an anti-inflammatory gene profile in human monocytes. Moreover, IVIg altered the relative proportions of peripheral blood monocyte subsets and enhanced the proportion of CD14+ cells with a transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional profile that resembles that of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Therefore, our results indicate that CD14 + MDSC-like cells might contribute to the immunoregulatory effects of IVIg in CVID and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Simón-Fuentes
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Bárbara Alonso
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, IML and IdSSC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel A Vega
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel L Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Domínguez-Soto
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Konstantinidis TG, Iliadi V, Martinis G, Panopoulou M. The Usefulness of Rare Blood Group Systems in the Risk Determination for Severe COVID-19. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:496-500. [PMID: 35366247 PMCID: PMC8830445 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly identified human coronavirus was named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), based on a detailed analysis of clinical manifestation. It was reported that blood type O individuals were less likely to become infected by SARS-CoV, while blood type A individuals have an increased risk of severe illness. The Forssman antigen, or Forssman glycolipid synthase (FS), was first described in 1911 by John Frederick Forssman. Blood type A/B glycosyltransferases (AT/BTs) and Forssman glycolipid synthase (FS) are encoded by the evolutionarily related ABO (A/B alleles) and GBGT1 genes. In this article, based on published studies about the pathogenesis of the COVID-19, we hypothesize the possible relationship between the COVID-19 infection and rare blood type systems, such as the Forssman antigen system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis G. Konstantinidis
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Valeria Iliadi
- Izhevsk State Medical Academy, Kommunarov Street 281, 426034 Izhevsk, Russia;
| | - Georges Martinis
- Blood Transfusion Center, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis Dragana Campus, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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14
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Smorodin EP. Prospects and Challenges of the Study of Anti-Glycan Antibodies and Microbiota for the Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111608. [PMID: 34769037 PMCID: PMC8584091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, a large amount of data has been accumulated in various subfields of glycobiology. However, much clinically relevant data and many tools are still not widely used in medicine. Synthetic glycoconjugates with the known structure of glycans are an accurate tool for the study of glycan-binding proteins. We used polyacrylamide glycoconjugates (PGs) including PGs with tumour-associated glycans (TAGs) in immunoassays to assess the prognostic potential of the serum level of anti-glycan antibodies (AG Abs) in gastrointestinal cancer patients and found an association of AG Abs with survival. The specificity of affinity-isolated AG Abs was investigated using synthetic and natural glycoconjugates. AG Abs showed mainly a low specificity to tumour-associated and tumour-derived mucins; therefore, the protective role of the examined circulating AG Abs against cancer remains a challenge. In this review, our findings are analysed and discussed in the context of the contribution of bacteria to the AG Abs stimulus and cancer progression. Examples of the influence of pathogenic bacteria colonising tumours on cancer progression and patient survival through mechanisms of interaction with tumours and dysregulated immune response are considered. The possibilities and problems of the integrative study of AG Abs and the microbiome using high-performance technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniy P Smorodin
- Department of Virology and Immunology, National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
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15
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Characterization of Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Glycosphingolipids Identifies Potential Cancer Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910463. [PMID: 34638800 PMCID: PMC8509059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for only 1–2% of thyroid cancers; however, metastatic MTC is a mortal disease with no cure. In this study, glycosphingolipids were isolated from human MTCs and characterized by mass spectrometry and binding of carbohydrate recognizing ligands. The tissue distribution of selected compounds was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The amount of acid glycosphingolipids in the MTCs was higher than in the normal thyroid glands. The major acid glycosphingolipid was the GD3 ganglioside. Sulfatide and the gangliosides GM3 and GD1a were also present. The majority of the complex non-acid glycosphingolipids had type 2 (Galβ4GlcNAc) core chains, i.e., the neolactotetraosylceramide, the Lex, H type 2 and x2 pentaosylceramides, the Ley and A type 2 hexaosylceramides, and the A type 2 heptaosylceramide. There were also compounds with globo (GalαGalβ4Glc) core, i.e., globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, the Forssman pentaosylceramide, and the Globo H hexaosylceramide. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated an extensive expression av Ley in the MTC cells and also a variable intensity and prevalence of Globo H and Lex. One individual with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B expressed the Forssman determinant, which is rarely found in humans. This study of human MTC glycosphingolipids identifies glycans that could serve as potential tumor-specific markers.
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Okuda T, Kitamara M, Kasahara S, Kato K. Identification of genes for variable regions of immunoglobulins that recognize sialylated glycans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 567:201-207. [PMID: 34166919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an antibody (clone ID: FR9, IgM-κ) that recognizes the sialyl oligosaccharide Neu5Acα2,6Galβ1,4GlcNAc as an epitope on glycoproteins and glycolipids. In the present study, we developed an antibody (clone ID: AFR45, IgM-κ) that recognizes Neu5Acα2,3Galβ1,4GlcNAc/Glc as an epitope on glycoproteins and glycolipids and compared the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the immunoglobulin gene variable regions with those of FR9. The heavy chain variable (VH) regions of FR9 and AFR45 were encoded by different VH gene segments, each of which was composed of a characteristic D gene segment. The major differences between VH genes encoding various antibodies deposited in public databases and FR9 and AFR45 were identified in the D gene segment, indicating that D genes play a critical role in determining the epitope specificity of these antibodies. Surprisingly, although FR9 and AFR45 were obtained independently from different mice immunized with different immunogens, the light chain variable (VL) region nucleotide sequences were identical. The VL gene consisted of Igkv4-57 and Igkj4 gene segments (Igkv4-57j4), the sequences of which were identical to VL genes for a number of antibodies against meningococcal group C capsular polysaccharide deposited in public databases. As this polysaccharide is a sialic acid homopolymer, these results indicate that Igkv4-57j4 encodes a VL common to immunoglobulins that recognize sialylated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Okuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 305-8566 Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kitamara
- NGK Spark Plug-AIST Healthcare Materials Cooperative Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8560, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kasahara
- NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd., 2808 Iwasaki, Komaki, Aichi 485-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuya Kato
- NGK Spark Plug-AIST Healthcare Materials Cooperative Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8560, Japan
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17
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Application of the Antibody-Inducing Activity of Glycosphingolipids to Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073776. [PMID: 33917390 PMCID: PMC8038663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of a mono-, di-, or oligosaccharide and a ceramide and function as constituents of cell membranes. Various molecular species of GSLs have been identified in mammalian cells due to differences in the structures of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide structure can vary depending on cell lineage, differentiation stage, and pathology; this property can be used as a cell identification marker. Furthermore, GSLs are involved in various aspects of the immune response, such as cytokine production, immune signaling, migration of immune cells, and antibody production. GSLs containing certain structures exhibit strong immunogenicity in immunized animals and promote the production of anti-GSL antibodies. By exploiting this property, it is possible to generate antibodies that recognize the fine oligosaccharide structure of specific GSLs or glycoproteins. In our study using artificially synthesized GSLs (artGSLs), we found that several structural features are correlated with the antibody-inducing activity of GSLs. Based on these findings, we designed artGSLs that efficiently induce the production of antibodies accompanied by class switching and developed several antibodies that recognize not only certain glycan structures of GSLs but also those of glycoproteins. This review comprehensively introduces the immune activities of GSLs and their application as pharmaceuticals.
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18
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Breiman A, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Deleers M, Beauvais T, Jouand N, Rocher J, Bovin N, Labarrière N, El Kenz H, Le Pendu J. Low Levels of Natural Anti-α- N-Acetylgalactosamine (Tn) Antibodies Are Associated With COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641460. [PMID: 33643275 PMCID: PMC7905038 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human serum contains large amounts of anti-carbohydrate antibodies, some of which may recognize epitopes on viral glycans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that such antibodies may confer protection against COVID-19 so that patients would be preferentially found among people with low amounts of specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies since individual repertoires vary considerably. After selecting glycan epitopes commonly represented in the human anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoire that may also be expressed on viral glycans, plasma levels of the corresponding antibodies were determined by ELISA in 88 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, including 13 asymptomatic, and in 82 non-infected controls. We observed that anti-Tn antibodies levels were significantly lower in patients as compared to non-infected individuals. This was not observed for any of the other tested carbohydrate epitopes, including anti-αGal antibodies used as a negative control since the epitope cannot be synthesized by humans. Owing to structural homologies with blood groups A and B antigens, we also observed that anti-Tn and anti-αGal antibodies levels were lower in blood group A and B, respectively. Analyses of correlations between anti-Tn and the other anti-carbohydrates tested revealed divergent patterns of correlations between patients and controls, suggesting qualitative differences in addition to the quantitative difference. Furthermore, anti-Tn levels correlated with anti-S protein levels in the patients' group, suggesting that anti-Tn might contribute to the development of the specific antiviral response. Overall, this first analysis allows to hypothesize that natural anti-Tn antibodies might be protective against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Breiman
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
- Oniris, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Deleers
- Department of Transfusion, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology, LHUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tiffany Beauvais
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hanane El Kenz
- Department of Transfusion, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology, LHUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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von Gunten S, Simon HU. Linking glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis to osteoimmunology. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1026. [PMID: 33311437 PMCID: PMC7734061 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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