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Sule RO, Morisseau C, Yang J, Hammock BD, Gomes AV. Triazine herbicide prometryn alters epoxide hydrolase activity and increases cytochrome P450 metabolites in murine livers via lipidomic profiling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19135. [PMID: 39160161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are a group of bioactive fatty acid metabolites generated via enzymatic oxygenation. They are notably involved in inflammation, pain, vascular tone, hemostasis, thrombosis, immunity, and coagulation. Oxylipins have become the focus of therapeutic intervention since they are implicated in many conditions, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and aging. The liver plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and distribution throughout the organism. Long-term exposure to pesticides is suspected to contribute to hepatic carcinogenesis via notable disruption of lipid metabolism. Prometryn is a methylthio-s-triazine herbicide used to control the growth of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in many cultivated plants. The amounts of prometryn documented in the environment, mainly waters, soil and plants used for human and domestic consumption are significantly high. Previous research revealed that prometryn decreased liver development during zebrafish embryogenesis. To understand the mechanisms by which prometryn could induce hepatotoxicity, the effect of prometryn (185 mg/kg every 48 h for seven days) was investigated on hepatic and plasma oxylipin levels in mice. Using an unbiased LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics approach, prometryn was found to alter oxylipins metabolites that are mainly derived from cytochrome P450 (CYP) and lipoxygenase (LOX) in both mice liver and plasma. Lipidomic analysis revealed that the hepatotoxic effects of prometryn are associated with increased epoxide hydrolase (EH) products, increased sEH and mEH enzymatic activities, and induction of oxidative stress. Furthermore, 9-HODE and 13-HODE levels were significantly increased in prometryn treated mice liver, suggesting increased levels of oxidation products. Together, these results support that sEH may be an important component of pesticide-induced liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed O Sule
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Yu W, Li B, Chen L, Chen Q, Song Q, Jin X, Yin Y, Tong H, Xue L. Gigantol ameliorates DSS-induced colitis via suppressing β2 integrin mediated adhesion and chemotaxis of macrophage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118123. [PMID: 38554854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendrobium, recognized as "Shihu" in traditional Chinese medicine, holds a rich history of medicinal utilization documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Ancient texts like "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing" extol Dendrobium's virtues as a superior herbal medicine fortifying "Yin" and invigorating the five viscera. Dendrobium is extensively employed for the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, showcasing significant therapeutic efficacy, particularly against ulcerative colitis (UC), within the realm of Chinese ethnopharmacology. Dendrobium plays crucial pharmacological roles due to its rich content of polysaccharides, alkaloids, phenanthrenes, and bibenzyls. Gigantol, a prominent bibenzyl compound, stands out as one of the most vital active constituents within Dendrobium, the gigantol content of Dendrobium leaves can reach approximately 4.79 μg/g. Its significance lies in being recognized as a noteworthy anti-inflammatory compound derived from Dendrobium. AIM OF THE STUDY Given the pivotal role of gigantol as a primary active substance in Dendrobium, the therapeutic potential of gigantol for gastrointestinal diseases remains enigmatic. Our present investigation aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of gigantol on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and reveal its potential mechanism in countering UC activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protective efficacy of gigantol against colitis was assessed by examining the histopathological changes and conducting biochemical analyses of colon from DSS-challenged mice. Assessments focused on gigantol's impact on improving the intestinal epithelial barrier and its anti-inflammatory effects in colonic tissues of colitis mice. Investigative techniques included the exploration of the macrophage inflammatory signaling pathway via qPCR and Western blot analyses. In vitro studies scrutinized macrophage adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis utilizing transwell and Zigmond chambers. Furthermore, F-actin and Rac1 activation assays detailed cellular cytoskeletal remodeling. The potential therapeutic target of gigantol was identified and validated through protein binding analysis, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. The binding sites between gigantol and its target were predicted via molecular docking. RESULTS Gigantol ameliorated symptoms of DSS-induced colitis, rectified damage to the intestinal barrier, and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissues. Intriguingly, gigantol significantly curtailed NF-κB signaling activation in the colons of DSS-induced colitis mice. Notably, gigantol impaired the β2 integrin-dependent adhesion and migratory capacity of RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, gigantol notably influenced the cytoskeleton remodeling of RAW264.7 cells by suppressing Vav1 phosphorylation and Rac1 activation. Mechanistically, gigantol interacted with β2 integrin, subsequently diminishing binding affinity with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings elucidate that gigantol ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by antagonizing β2 integrin-mediated macrophage adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis, thus it may impede macrophage recruitment and infiltration into colonic tissues. This study suggests that gigantol shows promise as a viable candidate for clinical colitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China
| | - Boyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Luxi Chen
- Pediatric Emergency Observation Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China
| | - QingQing Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China
| | - Yandan Yin
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 325200, PR China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Liwei Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, PR China.
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Chowdhury R, Bhuia S, Rakib AI, Al Hasan S, Shill MC, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. Gigantol, a promising natural drug for inflammation: a literature review and computational based study. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38623737 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2340042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Gigantol, a bibenzyl compound extracted from various medicinal plants, has shown a number of biological activities, making it an attractive candidate for potential medical applications. This systematic review aims to shed light on gigantol's promising role in inflammation treatment and its underlying mechanisms. Gigantol exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties in pre-clinical pharmacological test systems. It effectively reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory markers and arachidonic acid metabolites through various pathways, such as NF-κB, AKT, PI3K, and JNK/cPLA2/12-LOX. The in-silico investigations demonstrated that the MMP-13 enzyme served as the most promising target for gigantol with highest binding affinity (docking score = -8.8 kcal/mol). Encouragingly, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis of gigantol confirmed its compatibility with the necessary physiochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties, bolstering its potential as a drug candidate. Gigantol, with its well-documented anti-inflammatory properties, could be a promising agent for treating inflammation in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Bioluster Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asraful Islam Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Sakib Al Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
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Chen Y, Zhao T, Han M, Chen Y. Gigantol protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against high glucose-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting MTDH-mediated NF-kB signaling pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:33-39. [PMID: 37681978 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2247545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR) is now one of the major causes of blindness. Recent reports have shown that retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPEC) damage plays an essential part in DR development and progression. This work intended to explore the potential effects of Gigantol on high glucose (HG)-stimulated RPEC damage and identify potential mechanisms. METHODS Cell viability, cell damage, and cell apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and flow cytometry assays. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed using corresponding commercial kits and ELISA. Additionally, the levels of MTDH and NF-kB signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Gigantol dose-dependently enhanced cell viability and decreased apoptosis in HG-challenged ARPE-19 cells. Also, Gigantol notably relieved oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in ARPE-19 cells under HG conditions. Gigantol dose-dependently suppressed MTDH expression. In addition, MTDH restoration partially counteracted the protective effects of Gigantol on ARPE-19 cells subject to HG treatment. Mechanically, Gigantol inactivated the NF-kB signaling pathway, which was partly restored after MTDH overexpression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that Gigantol protected against HG-induced RPEC damage by inactivating the NF-kB signaling via MTDH inhibition, offering a potent therapeutic drug for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Li L, Zang Q, Li X, Zhu Y, Wen S, He J, Zhang R, Abliz Z. Spatiotemporal pharmacometabolomics based on ambient mass spectrometry imaging to evaluate the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone in HepG2 spheroids. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:483-493. [PMID: 37305784 PMCID: PMC10257197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid models combined with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables innovative investigation of in vivo-like biological processes under different physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (AFADESI-MSI) was coupled with 3D HepG2 spheroids to assess the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone (AMI). High-coverage imaging of >1100 endogenous metabolites in hepatocyte spheroids was achieved using AFADESI-MSI. Following AMI treatment at different times, 15 metabolites of AMI involved in N-desethylation, hydroxylation, deiodination, and desaturation metabolic reactions were identified, and according to their spatiotemporal dynamics features, the metabolic pathways of AMI were proposed. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial changes in metabolic disturbance within spheroids caused by drug exposure were obtained via metabolomic analysis. The main dysregulated metabolic pathways included arachidonic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, providing considerable evidence for the mechanism of AMI hepatotoxicity. In addition, a biomarker group of eight fatty acids was selected that provided improved indication of cell viability and could characterize the hepatotoxicity of AMI. The combination of AFADESI-MSI and HepG2 spheroids can simultaneously obtain spatiotemporal information for drugs, drug metabolites, and endogenous metabolites after AMI treatment, providing an effective tool for in vitro drug hepatotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shanjing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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Al-Khayri JM, Mascarenhas R, Harish HM, Gowda Y, Lakshmaiah VV, Nagella P, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Almaghasla MI, Rezk AAS. Stilbenes, a Versatile Class of Natural Metabolites for Inflammation-An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093786. [PMID: 37175197 PMCID: PMC10180133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stilbenes are polyphenolic allelochemicals synthesized by plants, especially grapes, peanuts, rhubarb, berries, etc., to defend themselves under stressful conditions. They are now exploited in medicine for their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is the immune system's response to invading bacteria, toxic chemicals or even nutrient-deprived conditions. It is characterized by the release of cytokines which can wreak havoc on healthy tissues, worsening the disease condition. Stilbenes modulate NF-κB, MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways, and reduce the transcription of inflammatory factors which result in maintenance of homeostatic conditions. Resveratrol, the most studied stilbene, lowers the Michaelis constant of SIRT1, and occupies the substrate binding pocket. Gigantol interferes with the complement system. Besides these, oxyresveratrol, pterostilbene, polydatin, viniferins, etc., are front runners as drug candidates due to their diverse effects from different functional groups that affect bioavailability and molecular interactions. However, they each have different thresholds for toxicity to various cells of the human body, and thus a careful review of their properties must be conducted. In animal models of autoinflammatory diseases, the mode of application of stilbenes is important to their absorption and curative effects, as seen with topical and microemulsion gel methods. This review covers the diversity seen among stilbenes in the plant kingdom and their mechanism of action on the different inflammatory pathways. In detail, macrophages' contribution to inflamed conditions in the liver, the cardiac, connective and neural tissues, in the nephrons, intestine, lungs and in myriad other body cells is explored, along with detailed explanation on how stilbenes alleviate the symptoms specific to body site. A section on the bioavailability of stilbenes is included for understanding the limitations of the natural compounds as directly used drugs due to their rapid metabolism. Current delivery mechanisms include sulphonamides, or using specially designed synthetic drugs. It is hoped that further research may be fueled by this comprehensive work that makes a compelling argument for the exploitation of these compounds in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roseanne Mascarenhas
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Yashwanth Gowda
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Muneera Qassim Al-Mssallem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Mohammed Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ibrahim Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virus and Phytoplasma, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Golfetto Miskiewicz IC, Cho HC, Lee JI, Lee J, Lee Y, Lee YK, Choi SH. Effect of atorvastatin on lipoxygenase pathway-related gene expression in an in vitro model of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:606-616. [PMID: 36637998 PMCID: PMC10068306 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes can result from an imbalance between lipid acquisition and lipid catabolism. In recent years, it has been discovered that eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have the potential to create specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators to actively resolve inflammation, but it is not clear whether AA and lipoxygenases exert effects on hepatic inflammation. Here, the effects of atorvastatin on the expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and lipoxygenase pathway genes (ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and ALOX15B) were evaluated in an in vitro model of palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte lipid accumulation in McA-RH7777 (McA) cells. Palmitic acid increased cPLA2 expression, intracellular AA levels, and ALOX12 expression (P < 0.05). Atorvastatin at various concentrations had no significant effects on AA levels or on cPLA2, ALOX15, and ALOX15B expressions. ALOX5 was not detected, despite multiple measurements. Pro-inflammatory IL-1β expression levels were upregulated by PA (P < 0.01) and attenuated by atorvastatin (P < 0.001). TNFα did not differ among groups. The expression levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 decreased in response to PA (P < 0.05), but were not affected by atorvastatin. In conclusion, in an in vitro model of lipid accumulation in McA cells, atorvastatin reduced IL-1β; however, its effect was not mediated by AA and the lipoxygenase pathway at the established doses and treatment duration. Further research is required to investigate time-response data, as well as other drugs and integrated cell systems that could influence the lipoxygenase pathway and modulate inflammation in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Carolina Golfetto Miskiewicz
- Translational Medicine Department, Seoul National University, South Korea.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
| | - Hyen Chung Cho
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
| | - Ji In Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
| | - Yenna Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Translational Medicine Department, Seoul National University, South Korea.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
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Ni WF, Zhou KL, Zhang HJ, Chen YT, Hu XL, Cai WT, Wang XY. Functions and mechanisms of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 in central nervous system trauma. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:258-266. [PMID: 35900400 PMCID: PMC9396495 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Zhai D, Lv X, Chen J, Peng M, Cai J. Recent Research Progress on Natural Stilbenes in Dendrobium Species. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217233. [PMID: 36364058 PMCID: PMC9654415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium is the second biggest genus in the Orchidaceae family, and many of them have been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years in China. In the last few decades, constituents with great chemical diversity were isolated from Dendrobium, and a wide range of biological activities were detected, either for crude extracts or for pure compounds. Stilbene compound is one of the primary active constituents in the genus Dendrobium. At present, 267 stilbene compounds with clarified molecular structures have been extracted and isolated from 52 species of Dendrobium, including 124 phenanthrenes and 143 bibenzyls. At the same time, activity studies have indicated that 157 compounds have pharmaceutical activity. Among them, most of the compounds showed antitumor activity, followed by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Additionally, 54 compounds have multiple pharmacological activities, such as confusarin (14), 2,4,7-trihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene (43), moscatilin (148), gigantol (150) and batatasin III (151). This review summarizes current knowledge about the chemical composition of stilbene, bioactivities and pharmacologic effects in 52 species of Dendrobium. We also expect to provide a reference for further research, development and utilization of stilbene constituents in the Dendrobium genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder of Ministry of Education of China, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofa Lv
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder of Ministry of Education of China, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder of Ministry of Education of China, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minwen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder of Ministry of Education of China, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinyan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder of Ministry of Education of China, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence:
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Deficiency in Inactive Rhomboid Protein2 (iRhom2) Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Fibrosis by Suppressing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147701. [PMID: 35887045 PMCID: PMC9317380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol exposure can lead to liver pathology relating to inflammation and oxidative stress, which are two of the major factors in the incidence of liver fibrosis and even liver cancer. The underlying molecular mechanisms regarding hepatic lesions associated with alcohol are not fully understood. Considering that the recently identified iRhom2 is a key pathogenic mediator of inflammation, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to explore its regulatory role in alcohol-induced liver fibrosis. We found that iRhom2 knockout significantly inhibited alcohol-induced inflammatory responses in vitro, including elevated expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) and genes associated with inflammatory signaling pathways, such as TACE (tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme), TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1), and TNFR2, as well as the activation of NF-κB. The in vivo results confirmed that long-term alcohol exposure leads to hepatocyte damage and fibrous accumulation. In this pathological process, the expression of iRhom2 is promoted to activate the TACE/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the deletion of iRhom2 blocks the TACE/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduces liver damage and fibrosis caused by alcohol. Additionally, the activation of the JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway caused by alcohol exposure was also noted in vitro and in vivo. In the same way, knockout or deleting iRhom2 blocked the JNK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to regulate the oxidative stress. Therefore, we contend that iRhom2 is a key regulator that promotes inflammatory responses and regulates oxidative stress in alcoholic liver fibrosis lesions. We posit that iRhom2 is potentially a new therapeutic target for alcoholic liver fibrosis.
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Wang T, Hu L, Lu J, Xiao M, Liu J, Xia H, Lu H. Functional metabolomics revealed functional metabolic-characteristics of chronic hepatitis that is significantly differentiated from acute hepatitis in mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wu YL, Xue YR, Guo ZT, Chen ZD, Ge XY, Zhong DF, Diao XX. Furmonertinib (Alflutinib, AST2818) is a potential positive control drug comparable to rifampin for evaluation of CYP3A4 induction in sandwich-cultured primary human hepatocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:747-756. [PMID: 34035488 PMCID: PMC8888569 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Furmonertinib (Alflutinib, AST2818), as a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor with an advanced efficacy and a relatively wide safety window, has been commercially launched in China recently. However, previous clinical studies demonstrated its time- and dose-dependent clearance in a multiple-dose regimen. In vitro drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that furmonertinib is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and can induce these enzymes via an increased mRNA expression. This study investigated two important evaluation criteria of CYP3A4 induction by furmonertinib through quantitative proteomics and probe metabolite formation: simultaneous (1) protein expression and (2) enzyme activity with sandwich-cultured primary human hepatocytes in the same well of cell culture plates. Results confirmed that furmonertinib was a potent CYP3A4 inducer comparable with rifampin and could be used as a positive model drug in in vitro studies to evaluate the induction potential of other drug candidates in preclinical studies. In addition, inconsistencies were observed between the protein expression and enzyme activities of CYP3A4 in cells induced by rifampin but not in groups treated with furmonertinib. As such, furmonertinib could be an ideal positive control in the evaluation of CYP3A4 induction. The cells treated with 10 µM rifampin expressed 20.16 ± 5.78 pmol/mg total protein, whereas the cells induced with 0.5 µM furmonertinib expressed 4.8 ± 0.66 pmol/mg protein compared with the vehicle (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide), which contained 0.65 ± 0.45 pmol/mg protein. The fold change in the CYP3A4 enzyme activity in the cells treated with rifampin was 5.22 ± 1.13, which was similar to that of 0.5 µM furmonertinib (3.79 ± 0.52).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-li Wu
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ya-ru Xue
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Zi-tao Guo
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Zhen-dong Chen
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xin-yu Ge
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Da-fang Zhong
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xing-xing Diao
- grid.419093.60000 0004 0619 8396State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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Hu C, Li HW, Ke JQ, Yu XC, Zhao MY, Shi XY, Wu LJ, Tang XL, Xiong YH. Metabolic profiling of lysophosphatidylcholines in chlorpromazine hydrochloride- and N-acetyl- p-amino-phenoltriptolide-induced liver injured rats based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221108320. [PMID: 35722787 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CH) and N-acetyl-p-amino-phenoltriptolide (APAP) are typical acentral dopamine receptor antagonists and antipyretic analgesics in clinical applications, respectively. However, it has been reported that these 2 drugs could cause liver damage. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) have multiple physiological functions and are metabolized primarily in the liver, where it undergoes significant changes when the liver is damaged. In the study, 15 LPCs in the rat serum with CH- and APAP-induced liver injury were quantified based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined to understand CH- and APAP-induced liver injury from the perspective of LPC metabolic profiling. The quantitative results showed that there were significant changes in 10 LPCs and 5 LPCs after CH- and APAP-administration, separately. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA indicated that CH- and APAP-induced liver injury could be well distinguished by the LPC metabolic profiling, and 7 LPCs and 1 LPC biomarkers that could characterize CH- and APAP-induced liver damage in turn had been screened. This study will not only provide a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis of CH- and APAP-induced liver injury, but also offer a reference for further study of their hepatotoxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qun Ke
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Shi
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Lan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Hua Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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Phytochemical Analysis and Dermo-Cosmetic Evaluation of Cymbidium sp. (Orchidaceae) Cultivation By-Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010101. [PMID: 35052605 PMCID: PMC8772768 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbidium is one of the most popular genera in Orchidaceae family, commercialized either as loose flowers or as potted plants in floriculture worldwide. The non-marketable parts are typically discarded (e.g., unsuitable flowers, leaves, pseudobulbs, roots), generating an enormous quantity of unutilized biomass. The above by-products were studied through phytochemical analysis and investigated for their dermo-cosmetic potential. The initial antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase, and anti-collagenase assays of the total extracts indicated that the pseudobulb and root ethyl acetate extracts were the most potent. Those extracts were then submitted to chromatographic separation leading to the isolation of 16 secondary metabolites (four phenanthrenes, three 1,4-phenanthrenquinones, three dibenzyls, two phenolic acid derivatives, two sterols, one dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol derivative, and one simple phenolic compound), including 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthrenequinone (cymbisamoquinone), which was identified as a new natural product. In parallel, 48 metabolites were identified by UPLC-HRMS analysis of the extracts. The biological evaluation of the isolated compounds revealed that gigantol and tristin present important anti-tyrosinase activity, while bulbophyllanthrin, 3-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxy-phenanthrene, marylaurencinol A, 5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1,4-phenanthrenequinone, and ephemeranthroquinone B show dose-dependent anti-collagenase activity. In contrast to isolated metabolites, which may act selectively on specific enzymes, the initial total extracts exhibited inhibitory activity against tyrosinase, elastase, and collagenase enzymes, thus showing better prospects for use in dermo-cosmetic formulations.
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Heinrich L, Booijink R, Khurana A, Weiskirchen R, Bansal R. Lipoxygenases in chronic liver diseases: current insights and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:188-205. [PMID: 34961619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) caused by viral infections, alcohol/drug abuse, or metabolic disorders affect millions of people globally and have increased mortality owing to the lack of approved therapies. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of multifaceted enzymes that are responsible for the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including liver diseases. This review describes the three main LOX signaling pathways - 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX - and their involvement in CLDs. We also provide recent insights and future perspectives on LOX-related hepatic pathophysiology, and discuss the potential of LOXs and LOX-derived metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Heinrich
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Richell Booijink
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Amit Khurana
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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Yang G, Nabi F, Sajid S, Kaleri AR, Jakhar AM, Cheng L, Raspor M, Muhammad N, Ma J, Hu Y. Response of root development and nutrient uptake of two chinese cultivars of hybrid rice to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Sichuan Province, China. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8009-8021. [PMID: 34665398 PMCID: PMC8604849 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemical fertilization helped modern agriculture in grain yield improvement to ensure food security. The response of chemical fertilization for higher hybrid rice production is highly dependent on optimal fertilization management in paddy fields. To assess such responses, in the current work we examine the yield, root growth, and expression of related genes responsible for stress metabolism of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in two hybrid-rice cultivars Deyou4727 (D47) and Yixiangyou2115 (Y21). Methods and results The experiment followed four nitrogen (N) (N0, N60, N120, and N180 kg/ha) and phosphorus (P) (P0, P60, P90, and P120 kg/ha) fertilizer levels. The grain yield in D47 was more sensitive to nitrogen application, while Y21 was more sensitive to phosphorus application, which resulted in comparatively higher biomass and yield. Our findings were corroborated by gene expression studies of glutamine synthetase OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 and phosphate starvation-related genes PHR1 and SPX, confirming sensitivity to N and P application. The number of roots was less sensitive to nitrogen application in D47 between N0 and N60, but the overall nutrient response difference was significantly higher due to the deep rooting system as compared to Y21. Conclusions The higher yield, high N and P use efficiency, and versatile root growth of D47 make it suitable to reduce unproductive usage of N and P from paddy fields, improving hybrid rice productivity, and environmental safety in the Sichuan basin area of China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-021-06835-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Yang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Farhan Nabi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Sumbal Sajid
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Ali Murad Jakhar
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Martin Raspor
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia,, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Noor Muhammad
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yungao Hu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and ALOX12 and NF-κB Pathways Contribute to the Protective Effect of Baicalein on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060976. [PMID: 34207230 PMCID: PMC8235740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of baicalein on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice were orally administrated baicalein at 25 and 100 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) at 10 mg/kg was i.p. injected in mice at 2 and 24 h prior to CCl4 injection or the vehicle. Our results showed that baicalein or Fer-1 supplementation significantly attenuated CCl4 exposure-induced elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissues and unregulated glutathione levels. Baicalein treatment inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, activated the erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway in liver tissues, and markedly improved CCl4-induced apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis in liver tissues exposed with CCl4. In vitro, baicalein treatment improved CCl4 -induced decreases of cell viabilities and knockdown of Nrf2 and arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) genes partly abolished the protective effect of baicalein on CCl4 -induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal that baicalein supplementation ameliorates CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice by upregulating the antioxidant defense pathways and downregulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis, which involved the activation of Nrf2 pathway and the inhibition of ALOX12 and NF-κB pathways.
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