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Rady MS, Ghoneim IM, Feleafel MN, Hassan SM. Potassium silicate and vinasse enhance biometric characteristics of perennial sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) under greenhouse conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11248. [PMID: 38755228 PMCID: PMC11099072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
An effective strategy for enhancing fruit production continuity during extended sweet pepper season involves adopting innovative biostimulants such as potassium silicate (PS) and vinasse. Adjusting PS and vinasse concentrations are crucial for maintaining the balance between vegetative and fruit growth, particularly in sweet pepper with a shallow root system, to sustain fruiting over prolonged season. However, the interaction between PS and vinasse and the underlying physiological mechanisms that extend the sweet pepper season under greenhouse conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PS and vinasse treatments on the yield and biochemical constituents of perennial pepper plants cultivated under greenhouse conditions. For two consecutive seasons [2018/2019 and 2019/2020], pepper plants were sprayed with PS (0, 0.5, and 1 g/l) and drenched with vinasse (0, 1, 2, and 3 l/m3). To estimate the impact of PS and vinasse on the growth, yield, and biochemical constituents of pepper plants, fresh and dry biomass, potential fruit yield, and some biochemical constituents were evaluated. Results revealed that PS (0.5 g/l) coupled with vinasse (3 l/m3) generated the most remarkable enhancement, in terms of plant biomass, total leaf area, total yield, and fruit weight during both growing seasons. The implementation of vinasse at 3 l/m3 with PS at 0.5 and 1 g/l demonstrated the most pronounced augmentation in leaf contents (chlorophyll index, nitrogen and potassium), alongside improved fruit quality, including total soluble solid and ascorbic acid contents, of extended sweet pepper season. By implementing the optimal combination of PS and vinasse, growers can significantly enhance the biomass production while maintaining a balance in fruiting, thereby maximizing the prolonged fruit production of superior sweet pepper under greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Rady
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, Coastal Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Charleston, SC, 29414, USA.
| | - Ibrahim M Ghoneim
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Mostafa N Feleafel
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M Hassan
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
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2
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Tekle MG, Alemayehu G, Bitew Y. Yield, lodging, and water use efficiency of Tef [Eragrostis tef (zucc) Trotter] in response to carbonized rice husk application under variable moisture condition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298416. [PMID: 38452036 PMCID: PMC10919715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminal drought and lodging are among the major yield-limiting factors for tef cultivation in the highly weathered soils of the Ethiopian highlands. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the yield and lodging responses of tef to varying moisture depletion levels (MDL) and the application of carbonized rice husk (CRH). A two-year 4×4 factorial experiment with 20, 35, 55, and 75% MDL and 0, 291, 582, and 873 kg ha-1 of CRH was laid out in a split-plot design, with each treatment replicated four times. The pooled mean ANOVA showed leaf area index (LAI) and lodging index (LI) were not significantly influenced by the main and interaction effects of MDL and CRH (p > 0.05); however, individual year ANOVA showed that both LI and LAI were influenced by the interaction of MDL and CRH (p<0.05) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The lowest LI (19.7%) was obtained from the application of 873 kg CRH ha-1, followed by 20.6% from 582 kg CRH ha-1 in 2022. A 20.7% LI reduction was recorded in 2022 compared to 2021. Tef plant height and number of tillers per plant were significantly affected by MDL at p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively, but not by CRH and its interaction with MDL. The effect of MDL was significant on tef HI (p<0.01) but not on traits including grain yield, straw yield, and water use efficiency. In conclusion, the pooled mean analysis result showed that, though there was no significant difference in yield, tef irrigated at 55% MDL provided a maximum HI of 33.8%, which was 6.21% more than the control, and increased the level of lodging resistance with a LI of 31.9%, which was next to 75% MDL with 582 kg ha-1 CRH. The authors suggested that the research should further be verified across locations for wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Gebru Tekle
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Management, Wolkite University, Horticulture, Wolkite, Gurage, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Alemayehu
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yayeh Bitew
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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3
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Naidu S, Pandey J, Mishra LC, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Silicon nanoparticles: Synthesis, uptake and their role in mitigation of biotic stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114783. [PMID: 36963184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario of global warming and climate change, plants face many biotic stresses, which restrain growth, development and productivity. Nanotechnology is gaining precedence over other means to deal with biotic and abiotic constraints for sustainable agriculture. One of nature's most beneficial metalloids, silicon (Si) shows ameliorative effect against environmental challenges. Silicon/Silica nanoparticles (Si/SiO2NPs) have gained special attention due to their significant chemical and optoelectronic capabilities. Its mesoporous nature, easy availability and least biological toxicity has made it very attractive to researchers. Si/SiO2NPs can be synthesised by chemical, physical and biological methods and supplied to plants by foliar, soil, or seed priming. Upon uptake and translocation, Si/SiO2NPs reach their destined cells and cause optimum growth, development and tolerance against environmental stresses as well as pest attack and pathogen infection. Using Si/SiO2NPs as a supplement can be an eco-friendly and cost-effective option for sustainable agriculture as they facilitate the delivery of nutrients, assist plants to mitigate biotic stress and enhances plant resistance. This review aims to present an overview of the methods of formulation of Si/SiO2NPs, their application, uptake, translocation and emphasize the role of Si/SiO2NPs in boosting growth and development of plants as well as their conventional advantage as fertilizers with special consideration on their mitigating effects towards biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishti Naidu
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jyotsna Pandey
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Lokesh C Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Roy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Riveros-Burgos C, Bustos-Peña R, Esteban-Condori W, Bastías E. Response of Maize ( Zea mays L.) to Drought under Salinity and Boron Stress in the Atacama Desert. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1519. [PMID: 37050145 PMCID: PMC10097302 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Lluta valley in northern Chile is a hyper-arid region with annual precipitation lower than 1.1 mm, and high levels of boron (B) from alluvial deposits are present together with other salts that originated from the Cretaceous. Under these abiotic conditions, the 'lluteño' maize (Zea mays L.) is of interest because it has adapted to the Lluta valley with high salinity levels and B excess in the soil and irrigation water. Water and salt stress coincide in heavily irrigated hyper-arid agricultural areas, yet they are usually studied in isolation. We investigated in field conditions the combined effects of drought (22 days with no irrigation) under salinity (ECe: 5.5 mS cm-1; Na+: 17.8 meq L-1) and B (21.1 meq L-1) stress on physiology, growth, yield, and hourly water relations. The results allow to hypothesize that the measurement of the pre-dawn water potential represents the balance between the water potential of the soil and the root. Besides, under drought a significant effect of irrigation and time interaction was observed presenting a high differential between the leaf and stem water potential in both phenological stages. Furthermore, a decrease in net assimilation was observed, and it could be explained in part by non-stomatal factors such as the high radiation and temperature observed at the end of the season. Despite the drought, the cobs did not present a significantly lower quality compared to the cobs of plants without stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Riveros-Burgos
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Richard Bustos-Peña
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Wladimir Esteban-Condori
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Bastías
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 6-D, Arica 1000000, Chile
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Tayade R, Ghimire A, Khan W, Lay L, Attipoe JQ, Kim Y. Silicon as a Smart Fertilizer for Sustainability and Crop Improvement. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081027. [PMID: 35892337 PMCID: PMC9332292 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si), despite being abundant in nature, is still not considered a necessary element for plants. Si supplementation in plants has been extensively studied over the last two decades, and the role of Si in alleviating biotic and abiotic stress has been well documented. Owing to the noncorrosive nature and sustainability of elemental Si, Si fertilization in agricultural practices has gained more attention. In this review, we provide an overview of different smart fertilizer types, application of Si fertilizers in agriculture, availability of Si fertilizers, and experiments conducted in greenhouses, growth chambers, and open fields. We also discuss the prospects of promoting Si as a smart fertilizer among farmers and the research community for sustainable agriculture and yield improvement. Literature review and empirical studies have suggested that the application of Si-based fertilizers is expected to increase in the future. With the potential of nanotechnology, new nanoSi (NSi) fertilizer applications may further increase the use and efficiency of Si fertilizers. However, the general awareness and scientific investigation of NSi need to be thoughtfully considered. Thus, we believe this review can provide insight for further research into Si fertilizers as well as promote Si as a smart fertilizer for sustainability and crop improvement.
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Gheith EMS, El-Badry OZ, Lamlom SF, Ali HM, Siddiqui MH, Ghareeb RY, El-Sheikh MH, Jebril J, Abdelsalam NR, Kandil EE. Maize ( Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941343. [PMID: 35845674 PMCID: PMC9284315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as affected by nitrogen application levels and timing were studied. The experimental design was a three-replication randomized complete block design (RCBD). The first factor was nitrogen levels (122, 240, 288 and 336 kg N/ha) and the second factor was nitrogen timing (50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the first irrigation; T1, 50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T2 and 50% of N before the first irrigation and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T3). Results indicated that plant height, ear length, kernel weight, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yields all increased significantly as nitrogen levels increased and the level of 336 kg N/ha significantly exhibiting the highest values in both seasons. In terms of nitrogen application time, maize yield parameters such as plant height, ear length, kernel weight/ear, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yield were significantly affected by nitrogen timing, with the highest values obtained at T3 while the lowest values obtained at T1 in both seasons. The interaction had a significant impact on plant height and grain yield/ha, with the tallest plants, the highest yields and its components observed at 336 kg N/ha, with 50% of N applied during the first irrigation and 50% of N applied during the second. Furthermore, under the study conditions, NUE decreased dramatically as nitrogen levels increased and increased significantly as nitrogen application time changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. S. Gheith
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ola Z. El-Badry
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sobhi F. Lamlom
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. El-Sheikh
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jebril Jebril
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Essam E. Kandil
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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7
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Sabra MA, Alaidaroos BA, Jastaniah SD, Heflish AI, Ghareeb RY, Mackled MI, El-Saadony MT, Abdelsalam NR, Conte-Junior CA. Comparative Effect of Commercially Available Nanoparticles on Soil Bacterial Community and “Botrytis fabae” Caused Brown Spot: In vitro and in vivo Experiment. Front Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study revealed the possible effects of various levels of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) application on plant diseases and soil microbial diversity. It investigated the comparison between the application of AgNPs and two commercial nanoproducts (Zn and FeNPs) on the rhizobacterial population and Botrytis fabae. Two experiments were conducted. The first studied the influence of 13 AgNP concentration on soil bacterial diversity besides two other commercial nanoparticles, ZnNPs (2,000 ppm) and FeNPs (2,500 ppm), used for comparison and application on onion seedlings. The second experiment was designed to determine the antifungal activity of previous AgNP concentrations (150, 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) against B. fabae, tested using commercial fungicide as control. The results obtained from both experiments revealed the positive impact of AgNPs on the microbial community, representing a decrease in both the soil microbial biomass and the growth of brown spot disease, affecting microbial community composition, including bacteria, fungi, and biological varieties. In contrast, the two commercial products displayed lower effects compared to AgNPs. This result clearly showed that the AgNPs strongly inhibited the plant pathogen B. fabae growth and development, decreasing the number of bacteria (cfu/ml) and reducing the rhizosphere. Using AgNPs as an antimicrobial agent in the agricultural domain is recommended.
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Kandil EE, El-Banna AAA, Tabl DMM, Mackled MI, Ghareeb RY, Al-Huqail AA, Ali HM, Jebril J, Abdelsalam NR. Zinc Nutrition Responses to Agronomic and Yield Traits, Kernel Quality, and Pollen Viability in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:791066. [PMID: 35615130 PMCID: PMC9125238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.791066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide with wheat and maize. A total of two field experiments were performed to evaluate the response of some rice cultivars to various foliar zinc (Zn) concentrations based on different measurements, such as agronomic, yield, yield compounds, and grain technological parameters. The experimental layout was a split plot in three replicates; the five rice cultivars (Skaha 101, Giza178, Yasmeen, Fourate, and Amber 33) were distributed in the main plots while the four foliar applications of Zn (1,500, 2,000, 2,500 mg/L besides spray water) were occupied the sub-plots. The findings showed significant differences among the five rice cultivars regarding plant height, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1,000-grain weight, panicle length, protein percentage, and grain Zn content. There is a significant effect of Zn on all plant attributes. A significant interaction between rice cultivars and foliar application of Zn was observed, whereas fertilizing Giza 178 with foliar application of Zn at the rate of 2,500 mg/L achieved the highest mean values of grain yield and straw yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1,000-grain weight, panicle length, protein %, and Zn content followed by Sakha 101 with Zn application at the rate of 2,000 mg/L, respectively, in both seasons. The rice cultivars significantly differed in hulling (%), broken (%), hardness, grain length, shape, amylose (%), gel consistency, and gelatinization temperature. Unfortunately, the commercial Zn product used was genotoxic to pollen grains with a higher rate of Zn. Aberrations were observed such as stickiness, ultrastructural changes in the exterior and interior walls, partially or fully degenerated grains, and shrunken and unfilled grains. This study concluded that using Zn application at the rate of 2,000 mg/L to protect human and environmental health, the side effects and toxicity of the local commercial Zn product market should be investigated before making recommendations to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam E. Kandil
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aly A. A. El-Banna
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. M. Tabl
- Rice Research Technology Center (RTTC), Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Mackled
- Department of Stored Product Pests, Plant Protection Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Egypt
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jebril Jebril
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abou-Sreea AIB, Roby MHH, Mahdy HAA, Abdou NM, El-Tahan AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, El-Saadony FMA. Improvement of Selected Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Parameters of Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Grown under Different Salinity Levels Using Potassium Silicate and Aloe saponaria Extract. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:497. [PMID: 35214829 PMCID: PMC8879578 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two successive field trials were carried out at the experimental farm of the Agriculture Department of Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt, to investigate the sole or dual interaction effect of applying a foliar spray of Aloe saponaria extract (Ae) or potassium silicate (KSi) on reducing the stressful salinity impacts on the development, yield, and features of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants. Both Ae or KSi were used at three rates: 0% (0 cm3 L-1), 0.5% (5 cm3 L-1), and 1% (10 cm3 L-1) and 0, 30, and 60 g L-1, respectively. Three rates of salinity, measured by the electrical conductivity of a saturated soil extract (ECe), were also used: normal soil (ECe < 4 dS/m) (S1); moderately-saline soil (ECe: 4-8 dS/m) (S2); and highly-saline soil (ECe: 8-16 dS/m) (S3). The lowest level of salinity yielded the highest levels of all traits except for pH, chloride, and sodium. Ae at 0.5% increased the values of total soluble sugars, total free amino acids, potassium, anthocyanin, a single-photon avalanche diode, stem diameter, fruit number, and fresh weight, whereas 1% of Ae resulted in the highest plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), performance index, relative water content, membrane stability index, proline, total soluble sugars, and acidity. KSi either at 30 or 60 g L-1 greatly increased these abovementioned attributes. Fruit number and fruit fresh weight per plant also increased significantly with the combination of Ae at 1% and KSi at 30 g L-1 under normal soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed H. H. Roby
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Hayam A. A. Mahdy
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Nasr M. Abdou
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21500, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fathy M. A. El-Saadony
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Abdou NM, El-Saadony FM, Roby MH, Mahdy HA, El-Shehawi AM, Elseehy MM, El-Tahan AM, Abdalla H, Saad AM, Idris Badawy AbouSreea A. Foliar spray of potassium silicate, aloe extract composite and their effect on growth and yielding capacity of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) under water deficit stress conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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11
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Balbaa MG, Osman HT, Kandil EE, Javed T, Lamlom SF, Ali HM, Kalaji HM, Wróbel J, Telesiñski A, Brysiewicz A, Ghareeb RY, Abdelsalam NR, Abdelghany AM. Determination of morpho-physiological and yield traits of maize inbred lines ( Zea mays L.) under optimal and drought stress conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:959203. [PMID: 35968146 PMCID: PMC9366912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.959203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, climate change could hinder future food security that concurrently implies the importance of investigating drought stress and genotype screening under stressed environments. Hence, the current study was performed to screen 45 diverse maize inbred lines for 18 studied traits comprising phenological, physiological, morphological, and yield characters under optimum and water stress conditions for two successive growing seasons (2018 and 2019). The results showed that growing seasons and water regimes significantly influenced (p < 0.01) most of the studied traits, while inbred lines had a significant effect (p < 0.01) on all of the studied traits. The findings also showed a significant increase in all studied characters under normal conditions compared to drought conditions, except chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, and proline content which exhibited higher levels under water stress conditions. Furthermore, the results of the principal component analysis indicated a notable distinction between the performance of the 45 maize inbred lines under normal and drought conditions. In terms of grain yield, the drought tolerance index (DTI) showed that Nub60 (1.56), followed by Nub32 (1.46), Nub66 (1.45), and GZ603 (1.44) were the highest drought-tolerant inbred lines, whereas Nub46 (0.38) was the lowest drought-tolerant inbred line. These drought-tolerant inbred lines were able to maintain a relatively high grain yield under normal and stress conditions, whereas those drought-sensitive inbred lines showed a decline in grain yield when exposed to drought conditions. The hierarchical clustering analysis based on DTI classified the forty-five maize inbred lines and eighteen measured traits into three column- and row-clusters, as inbred lines in cluster-3 followed by those in cluster-2 exhibited greater drought tolerance in most of the studied traits. Utilizing the multi-trait stability index (MTSI) criterion in this study identified nine inbred lines, including GZ603, as stable genotypes in terms of the eighteen studied traits across four environments. The findings of the current investigation motivate plant breeders to explore the genetic potential of the current maize germplasm, especially in water-stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha G. Balbaa
- Maize Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan T. Osman
- Maize Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam E. Kandil
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sobhi F. Lamlom
- Plant Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences-National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
| | - Jacek Wróbel
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Telesiñski
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Brysiewicz
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences-National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Nader R. Abdelsalam,
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelghany
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Bhardwaj S, Kapoor D. Fascinating regulatory mechanism of silicon for alleviating drought stress in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:1044-1053. [PMID: 34280603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants confront several environmental stresses that are crucial in defining plant productivity. Among these environmental stresses, drought stress is recognized as the foremost abiotic factor which affects the food security around the globe due to its negative impact on the plant development, and quality of plant products. Because of this, drought stress has gained an imperative appearance in the field of plant sciences in recent years. Silicon (Si), an agronomically essential mineral nutrient, is recognized highly advantageous in enhancing plant growth at various phases of plant life cycle under water deficit circumstances. Si has been considered extensively useful in mitigating harmful consequences of drought stress by enhancing root H2O absorption, regulating uptake of nutrients, reducing transpiration rate, improving photosynthetic activity, increment in the production of compatible solutes and by elevating plant antioxidant defense functioning. Si also known to improve plant endurance to limited water availability by inducing the functioning of various stress associated genes. To maximize the potential benefits and sustainable efficiency of Si in agriculture, it is of crucial importance to gain knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of how Si counteract stress conditions. Various findings suggested that Si increases the plant's immune system against drought stress, and application of Si is an important approach to shield plants from adverse stress conditions and soil nutrient depletion. This paper shows that Si has imperative and noteworthy impacts on improving plant tolerance to drought stress via maintaining cellular homeostasis. Present review mainly provides an insight into silicon role as beneficial element to alleviate drought stress in plants by regulating their morphological, physicochemical and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Delhi-Jalandhar Highway, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
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13
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Verma KK, Song XP, Zeng Y, Guo DJ, Singh M, Rajput VD, Malviya MK, Wei KJ, Sharma A, Li DP, Chen GL, Li YR. Foliar application of silicon boosts growth, photosynthetic leaf gas exchange, antioxidative response and resistance to limited water irrigation in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:582-592. [PMID: 34175813 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell and water relationship regulates morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics to optimize carboxylation for enhanced biomass yield in sugarcane. Insufficient water irrigation is one of the serious problems to impair potential yield of agriculturally important sugarcane cash crop by loss in plant performance. Our study aims to reveal consequences of foliar spray of silicon (Si) using calcium metasilicate powder (Wollastonite, CaO.SiO2) to alleviate the adverse effects of limited water irrigation in sugarcane. Silicon (0, 50, 100 and 500 ppm) was applied as foliar spray on normally grown 45 days old sugarcane plants. Further, these plants were raised at half field capacity (50%) using water irrigation precisely up to 90 days under open environmental variables. Consequently, restricted irrigation impaired plant growth-development, leaf relative water content (%), photosynthetic pigments, SPAD unit, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence variable yield (Fv/Fm) and biomass yield. Notably, it has enhanced values of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidative defense enzyme molecules viz., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The foliar spray of Si defended sugarcane plants from limited water irrigation stress as Si quenched harmful effect of water-deficit and also enhanced the operation of antioxidant defense machinery for improved sugarcane plant performance suitably favored stomatal dynamics for photosynthesis and plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- International Co-operation Division, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Munna Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226 007, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Kai-Jun Wei
- Liuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Liuzhou, 545 003, Guangxi, China
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Dong-Ping Li
- Microbiology Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530 007, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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14
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Malik MA, Wani AH, Mir SH, Rehman IU, Tahir I, Ahmad P, Rashid I. Elucidating the role of silicon in drought stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:187-195. [PMID: 34049031 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Predicted changes in climate, with more severe droughts and more extreme weather variability, are gaining considerable attention from stakeholders because of the already stressed and seriously challenging agricultural ecosystems of the contemporary world. One of the greatest challenges faced by these unique ecosystems due to climate change is drought stress, which affects plant growth, development and metabolic processes, thus reducing production, yield, and quality of crop plants. Plants counter this stress by employing complex mechanisms through a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular processes. Among the myriad of stress tolerance mechanisms, the positive effects of Si on water status of plants have been widely appreciated. Here, we review the potential of Si supplementation in alleviating drought stress and highlight the imported mechanisms involved in Si mediated reduction of drought stress in plants. Si fertilization not only enhances the photosynthetic pigments, growth, biomass, antioxidant enzymes, gene expression, osmolyte concentrations and nutrient uptake but also improves crop production, yield and grain quality during drought stress. In addition, it provides insights on important mechanisms involved in the modification of gas exchange attributes, gene modification, nutritional homeostasis, control synthesis of compatible solutes, osmotic adjustment and stimulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes under drought stress. We also highlight knowledge gaps and future research prospects to understand Si mediated role in alleviating drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Malik
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abid Hussain Wani
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkat Hamid Mir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq Ul Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Hafez EM, Osman HS, El-Razek UAA, Elbagory M, Omara AED, Eid MA, Gowayed SM. Foliar-Applied Potassium Silicate Coupled with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Improves Growth, Physiology, Nutrient Uptake and Productivity of Faba Bean ( Vicia faba L.) Irrigated with Saline Water in Salt-Affected Soil. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050894. [PMID: 33925247 PMCID: PMC8146160 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuity of traditional planting systems in the last few decades has encountered its most significant challenge in the harsh changes in the global climate, leading to frustration in the plant growth and productivity, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions cultivated with moderate or sensitive crops to abiotic stresses. Faba bean, like most legume crops, is considered a moderately sensitive crop to saline soil and/or saline water. In this connection, a field experiment was conducted during the successive winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in a salt-affected soil to explore the combined effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and potassium (K) silicate on maintaining the soil quality, performance, and productivity of faba bean plants irrigated with either fresh water or saline water. Our findings indicated that the coupled use of PGPR and K silicate under the saline water irrigation treatment had the capability to reduce the levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil and to promote the activity of some soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenase), which recorded nearly non-significant differences compared with fresh water (control) treatment, leading to reinstating the soil quality. Consequently, under salinity stress, the combined application motivated the faba bean vegetative growth, e.g., root length and nodulation, which reinstated the K+/Na+ ions homeostasis, leading to the lessening or equalizing of the activity level of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD, and SOD) compared with the controls of both saline water and fresh water treatments, respectively. Although the irrigation with saline water significantly increased the osmolytes concentration (free amino acids and proline) in faba bean plants compared with fresh water treatment, application of PGPR or K-silicate notably reduced the osmolyte levels below the control treatment, either under stress or non-stress conditions. On the contrary, the concentrations of soluble assimilates (total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars) recorded pronounced increases under tested treatments, which enriched the plant growth, the nutrients (N, P, and K) uptake and translocation to the sink organs, which lastly improved the yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and K-silicate is considered a profitable strategy that is able to alleviate the harmful impact of salt stress alongside increasing plant growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hany S. Osman
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Hadayek Shobra, P.O. Box 68, Cairo 11241, Egypt;
| | | | - Mohssen Elbagory
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Eid
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Salah M. Gowayed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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