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de Medeiros SF, Junior JMS, de Medeiros MAS, Yamamoto AKLW, de Medeiros CLW, da Silva Carvalho AB, Yamamoto MMW, Baracat EC. Combined oral contraceptive use and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:2223-2233. [PMID: 39026022 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous endocrine condition and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have been demonstrated to be the first-line treatment to women who do not intend to become pregnant. The combination of COCs and PCOS may or may not amplify the risks of cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether surrogates for obesity may be influenced by the use of COCs containing different formulations in women with PCOS. METHOD From January 2024 a literature search was conducted in Google Scholar and Pubmed databases using PCOS, COC, and obesity terms. Hand search of randomized clinical trials in the references of obtained manuscripts was also performed. After the exclusion of reviews and articles that did not fulfill eligibility criteria, compared the results obtained before and after the use of COCs in 13 randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMD) and standard errors (SE). Risk of bias was examined using the Rob2 tool. RESULT Thirteen heterogeneous RCTs reported no difference in waist circumference with the use of different COC formulations (p = 0.714). On the contrary, body fat mass increased with the use of pill (p = 0.013). Waist triglyceride index and lipid accumulation product tended to be higher after the use of COCs (p = 0.073 and p = 0.064, respectively). CONCLUSION Combined oral contraceptives with different formulations might increase fat mass accumulation in women with PCOS. Lipids may also be increased in PCOS users. Because some concerns about the quality and heterogeneity identified in various RCTs, caution should be taken before a definitive conclusion regarding the use of COCs and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Zip code 78 043 306, Brazil.
- Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Elbarky A, Ismail KG, Yousef YF, Elshafiey RMG, Elsharaby RM, El-Kaffas A, Al-Beltagi M. Selenoprotein-p and insulin resistance in children and adolescents with obesity. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13:94721. [DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i3.94721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and obesity present significant challenges in pediatric populations. Selenoprotein P1 (SEPP1) serves as a biomarker for assessing selenium levels in the body. While its association with metabolic syndrome is established in adults, its relevance in children remains underexplored.
AIM To ascertain SEPP1 blood levels in children and adolescents diagnosed with obesity and to assess its correlation with insulin resistance and adiposity indices.
METHODS 170 children participated in this study, including 85 diagnosed with obesity and an equal number of healthy counterparts matched for age and sex. Each participant underwent a comprehensive medical evaluation, encompassing a detailed medical history, clinical examination, and anthropometric measurements like waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Furthermore, routine blood tests were conducted, including serum SEPP1, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) level.
RESULTS Our findings revealed significantly lower serum SEPP1 levels in children with obesity compared to their healthy peers. Moreover, notable negative correlations were observed between serum SEPP1 levels and body mass index, VAI, and HOMA-IR.
CONCLUSION The study suggests that SEPP1 could serve as a valuable predictor for insulin resistance among children and adolescents diagnosed with obesity. This highlights the potential utility of SEPP1 in pediatric metabolic health assessment and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Elbarky
- Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Kholoud Gamal Ismail
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Yousef Fouad Yousef
- Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mohamed Gamal Elshafiey
- Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Radwa Mahmoud Elsharaby
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa El-Kaffas
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Paediatric, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Manama, Bahrain
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Zhou H, Li T, Li J, Zhuang X, Yang J. The association between visceral adiposity index and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16634. [PMID: 39025982 PMCID: PMC11258278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Relationships between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been underexplored. The purpose of this study is to explore association between VAI and T2DM in adults in the US. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018, 11,214 participants aged 20 years or older were included in a cross-sectional study. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis and smoothed curve fitting analysis were performed to investigate links between VAI and the prevalence of T2DM, as well as the stability and incidence between subgroups. In a fully adjusted continuous model, the aggregate population risk of T2DM increased 0.43-fold with each 1-unit increase in VAI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-1.50]. In the fully adjusted categorical model with VAI scores stratified by quartiles, results showed a higher T2DM advantage among participants in the second, third, and fourth quartiles (Q2: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.71; Q3: OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.95-3.11; Q4: OR 4.42, 95% CI 3.55-05.50). Compared with Q1, the prevalence of T2DM in the total population increased 3.42-fold in Q4. The above results indicated that VAI was positively associated with the prevalence of T2DM, which was consistent and nonlinear with the smoothed curve-fitting analysis (P for non-linear = 0). Subgroup analyses after adjusting for covariates showed that keeping with the overall population results, it also was found that there was an interaction between sex and hypertension in the subgroups. VAI was positively associated with the prevalence of T2DM and was more prevalent in women, non-hypertensive than in men, hypertensive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Musa DI, Goon DT, Okuneye RO, Onoja-Alexander MO, Momoh JI, Angba TO. Visceral adiposity index, fitness and clustered cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2024; 16:e1-e7. [PMID: 38949442 PMCID: PMC11220134 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v16i1.4474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been observed in children and adolescents, but its association with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adolescents has rarely been studied. AIM This study determines the independent associations of VAI and CRF with the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk (CVDr) among Nigerian adolescents. SETTING Adolescents from specific secondary schools in Kogi East, North Central Nigeria participated in the study. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 403 adolescents (202 boys and 201 girls) aged 11 years - 19 years were evaluated for VAI, CRF and CVDr. Using identified risk factors, a clustered CVDr score was generated. The association between VAI, CRF and clustered CVDr was evaluated using regression models that controlled for age, gender and maturity status. RESULTS Fitness was negatively associated with CVDr (β = -0.268, p 0.001), while VAI was positively correlated with CVDr (β = 0.379, p 0.001). After CRF or VAI adjustment, the independent association with the dependent variable remained significant. The odds of an adolescent with elevated VAI being at risk of CVD was 4.7 times higher than his peers. Unfit adolescents were 2.1 times more likely to develop CVDr. CONCLUSION Both VAI and CRF were independently associated with the clustering of CVDr in Nigerian adolescents. The findings suggest that health promotion efforts focusing on healthy diet and aerobic-type physical activity programmes should be encouraged among the youth to reduce the risk of CVD.Contribution: This study shows that improving visceral adipose tissue and fitness may lower CVD risk factors in adolescents, which is significant for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danladi I Musa
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, Kogi State University, Anyigba.
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Szczepańska E, Słoma-Krześlak M, Białek-Dratwa A, Dudzik I, Kowalski O. Adipose Dysfunction Indices as a Key to Cardiometabolic Risk Assessment-A Population-Based Study of Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients. Metabolites 2024; 14:299. [PMID: 38921434 PMCID: PMC11205290 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric indices, such as the BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), and WHR (waist-hip ratio) are commonly used for cardiometabolic risk assessment. Consequently, in the context of evaluating cardiometabolic risk in the post-MI population, it is worthwhile to consider indices such as the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and Body Adiposity Index (BAI), which have emerged as valuable risk assessment tools in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the importance of anthropometric indices and body composition analysis in evaluating the cardiometabolic risk among post-myocardial infarction patients. In the pursuit of this objective, this study involved assessing the BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR, VAI, BAI, and body composition in a population of patients. This study enrolled a total of 120 patients hospitalised at the Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases (SCCS) due to MI, and body composition analysis evaluated various parameters including the percentage of adipose tissue (FatP) [%], total adipose tissue (FatM) [kg], fat-free mass (FFM) [kg], muscle mass (PMM) [kg], total body water (TBW) [kg], and visceral adipose tissue (VFAT). The mean BMI for the entire group was 27.76 ± 4.08, with women exhibiting a significantly lower value compared with men (26.66 ± 3.33 vs. 28.16 ± 4.27). The mean values obtained for the WHR, WHtR, BAI, and VAI were 0.97 ± 0.08, 0.59 ± 0.07, 28.37 ± 5.03, and 3.08 ± 3.50, respectively. Based on the visceral adiposity index (VAI), in 47.5% patients, there was no adipose tissue dysfunction, with a higher proportion among women (71.88%) compared with men (38.64%). What raises concern is that 32.50% of patients had acute ATD, with a significantly higher prevalence among men (38.64%) compared with women (15.63%). Conclusion: The study results suggest that the BMI, WC, and WHR have their limitations, whereas the WHtR, VAI, and BAI provide a more comprehensive view of cardiometabolic risk, especially in the context of adipose tissue distribution and its metabolic consequences. Incorporating the WHtR, VAI, and BAI into routine clinical practice may enhance the management of cardiometabolic risk, especially among post-MI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Szczepańska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Słoma-Krześlak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Izabela Dudzik
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, ul. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oskar Kowalski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, ul. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Marketou ME, Buechler NS, Fragkiadakis K, Plevritaki A, Zervakis S, Maragkoudakis S, Tsiavos A, Simantirakis E, Kochiadakis G. Visceral fat and cardiometabolic future in children and adolescents: a critical update. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1639-1647. [PMID: 37402844 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a process whose pathogenetic mechanisms start very early in life. Recently, the importance of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been highlighted in the development of CVD. VAT does not always depend on body mass index (BMI) and has been implicated in unfavorable metabolic activity and cardiovascular adverse events. Abnormally high deposition of VAT is associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity-associated phenotype, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Although the importance of visceral fat has not been studied broadly or extensively in long-term studies in children and adolescents, it appears that it does not have the same behavior as in adults, it is related to the appearance of cardiac risk factors. In adolescents, it plays a role in the pathogenesis of CVD that occur later in adulthood. Excess body weight and adiposity may lead to the development of early myocardial and pathological coronary changes in childhood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the risk factors, the clinical significance, and the prognostic role of visceral obesity in children and adolescents. In addition, extensive reference is made to the most commonly used techniques for the evaluation of VAT in clinical settings. IMPACT: Visceral obesity, plays an important role in cardiovascular health from very early in an individual's life. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) distribution is not entirely related to body mass index (BMI) and provides additional prognostic information. There is a need to pay more attention to the assessment of VAT in young people, to develop methods that would go beyond the measurement of only BMI in clinical practice and to identify individuals with excess visceral adiposity and perhaps to monitor its changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Marketou
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece.
| | | | | | | | - Stelios Zervakis
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros Tsiavos
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
| | | | - George Kochiadakis
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University General Hospital, Crete, Greece
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Chen ZH, Zhou TF, Bu YT, Yang L. Bone mineral density saturation as influenced by the visceral adiposity index in adults older than 20 years: a population-based study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:170. [PMID: 37803399 PMCID: PMC10557347 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this research was to determine whether or not there is a saturation effect and whether or not the visceral adiposity index (VAI) correlates with bone mineral density (BMD) in adult Americans. METHODS This study used multivariate logistic regression models to examine the association between VAI and total femur BMD, drawing on the most up-to-date data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2018. Saturation levels and non-linear connections were calculated using a smooth curve-fitting algorithm and an investigation of saturation effects. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also conducted. RESULTS This study ultimately recruited 6257 individuals aged 20 years or older. According to multivariate regression analysis, those with high VAI scores exhibited higher total femur BMD. Total femur BMD was greater in the highest VAI quartile (Q4: 0.060 g/cm2) after adjustment than in the lowest VAI quartile (Q1) (P < 0.05). After controlling for variables, subgroup analysis failed to reveal any significant interaction effects. Furthermore, the study determined that VAI and BMD exhibited a specific saturation effect through the investigation of the saturation effect and the fitting of smooth curves. Saturation effect investigation of total femur BMD using VAI revealed a saturation value of 3.3. CONCLUSION The present study uncovered a non-linear relationship between VAI and total femur BMD, which exhibited a saturation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ting-Feng Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yi-Tian Bu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Sun Z, Wang K, Yun C, Bai F, Yuan X, Lee Y, Lou Q. Correlation Between the Variability of Different Obesity Indices and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Populations in Taiwan. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2791-2802. [PMID: 37720422 PMCID: PMC10504903 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s425198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association of five obesity indices and the variability of these indices with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes and compare the predictive validity of these markers for the risk of DKD in this large longitudinal cohort study. Patients and Methods A total of 2659 patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have DKD were enrolled between 2006 and 2019 at Lee's United Clinic in Taiwan. Data were collected for each subject, including demographic data, personal medical history, clinical parameters and calculated Body mass index (BMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body roundness index (BRI) and variability of five obesity indices. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between different obesity indicators and DKD risk. Cox's proportional hazards model was evaluated the predictive effect of obesity indices on DKD. Results The risk of developing DKD increased with an increase in the BRI, LAP, VAI, WC and BMI (all P trend<0.05), and the variability of VAI was significantly associated with DKD [HR=1.132, 95% CI (1.001, 1.281)] after adjusting for corresponding variables. BRI had the strongest predictive effect on DKD. BRI had the best predictive performance, with AUC of 0.807, 0.663 and 0.673 at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Cox regression analysis of risk factors for DKD in patients stratified by BRI quartiles showed that patients in the Q4 group had the highest risk of developing DKD [HR=1.356, 95% CI (1.131, 1.626)]. Conclusion BMI, WC, VAI, LAP, BRI and VAI variability were associated with a significant increase in the risk of DKD events, and BRI was superior and alternative obesity index for predicting DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan Yun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Bai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaujiunn Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Lee’s Clinic, Pingtung City, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Qingqing Lou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu Q, Qian B, Xue K, Guo H, Liang R, Wu J, Wu Q, Zhou G. TT Genotype of TLR4 rs1928295 Is a Risk Factor of Overweight/Obesity in Han Chinese Children Aged 7-12 Years and Can Interact with Dietary Patterns to Affect the Incidence of Central Obesity and Lipid Profile, Systolic Blood Pressure Levels. Nutrients 2023; 15:3441. [PMID: 37571378 PMCID: PMC10420634 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that TLR4 rs1928295 polymorphism is associated with Body Mass Index in European and American Indian adults. This study evaluates the relationship between this locus polymorphism, obesity-related parameters and dietary patterns in Chinese Han Children. A total of 798 children aged 7-12 years were included in this cross-sectional study. An improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction was used for genotyping. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component factor analysis. The overweight/obesity rate of the TT genotype was greater than those of the CC/CT genotype (p = 0.032 and 0.048 in boys and girls, respectively). Boys of the TT genotype could interact with protein and cholesterol intake to increase low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (p = 0.02, 0.015, respectively), while girls of the TT genotype could interact with total energy intake to increase triglyceride (TG) (p = 0.018) levels. Boys predisposed to a healthy balance dietary pattern (HBDP) and girls predisposed to an egg/fruit/fish dietary pattern (EFDP) were significantly associated with lower rates of central obesity (p = 0.045, 0.028). Boys carrying the TT genotype and predisposed to animal food dietary pattern (AFDP) had a higher level of low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.017) and systolic pressure (p = 0.044). Our results indicated that the TT genotype of TLR4 rs1928295 is a potential risk factor for obesity in Chinese Han children and is associated with dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.Z.); (Q.W.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ben Qian
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.Z.); (Q.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kun Xue
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Rui Liang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.Z.); (Q.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jinlong Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.Z.); (Q.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Qisu Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.Z.); (Q.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Geyi Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Q.Z.); (Q.W.); (G.Z.)
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Wang X, Si Z, Wang H, Meng R, Lu H, Zhao Z, Hu J, Wang H, Chen J, Zheng Y, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Yang Y, Li X, Xue L, Sun J, Wu J. Association of Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Steelworkers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041023. [PMID: 36839381 PMCID: PMC9964603 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese Visceral Adiposity Index (CVAI) is an indicator of visceral adiposity dysfunction used to evaluate the metabolic health of the Chinese population. Steelworkers are more likely to be obese due to their exposure to special occupational factors, and have a higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). This study aimed to analyze the special relationship between CVAI and CAS among steelworkers. A total of 4075 subjects from a northern steel company were involved in the cross-sectional study. Four logistic regression models were developed to analyze the correlation between CVAI and CAS. In addition, the restricted cubic spline was applied to fit the dose-response association between CVAI and CAS risk. In the study, the prevalence of CAS was approximately 25.94%. After adjustment for potential confounders, we observed a positive correlation between CVAI and CAS risk. Compared to the first CVAI quartile, the effect value odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI in the second, third, and fourth CVAI quartile were 1.523 (1.159-2.000), 2.708 (2.076-3.533), and 4.101 (3.131-5.372), respectively. Additionally, this positive correlation was stable in all subgroups except for female. Furthermore, we also found a non-linear relationship between CVAI and CAS risk (p nonlinear < 0.05). Notably, CVAI could increase the risk of CAS when higher than 106. In conclusion, our study showed that CVAI might be a reliable indicator to identify high-risk populations of CAS among steelworkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Zhikang Si
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Haipeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Zekun Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yizhan Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Ziwei Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yongzhong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Ling Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Health and Safety of Hebei Province, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New Town, Tangshan 063210, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (J.W.)
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11
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Tai YJ, Chiang CJ, Chiang YC, Wu CY, Lee WC, Cheng WF. Age-specific trend and birth cohort effect on different histologic types of uterine corpus cancers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1019. [PMID: 36658172 PMCID: PMC9852563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the uterine corpus cancer incidence rates, age-specific trends, and birth cohort patterns by different histologic types. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of uterine cancer patients (n = 28,769) of all ages from the National Cancer Registry of Taiwan between 1998 and 2017. We estimated the incidence trends, average annual percent changes (AAPCs), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate for the two main subtypes (endometrioid and nonendometrioid) of uterine cancer in Taiwan. During the study period, uterine corpus cancer incidence rates increased over time from 5.3 to 15.21 per 100,000 women. Incidence trends for endometrioid carcinoma increased in all age groups (positive AAPCs > 5% for each age group), and the rise was steeper among women aged 50 years and younger. For nonendometrioid carcinomas, incidence rates increased among women over 50 years. The CSS rate improved among women with stage I (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.81) and stage III (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.90) endometrioid carcinomas after 2013 compared with those during 2009-2012. However, the CSS rate remained unchanged for nonendometrioid carcinomas. Age, diagnostic period, stage and histologic types were significant factors associated with the 5-year CSS rate. We found that the incidences of both endometrioid and nonendometrioid carcinomas continued to increase among contemporary birth cohorts. Etiologic research is needed to explain the causes of these trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jou Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Nantou Hospital, Nantou City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Wang D, Zhou H, Hu Y, Che Y, Ye X, Chen J, Fu J, Xu H. Prediction of body fat increase from food addiction scale in school-aged children and adolescents: A longitudinal cross-lagged study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1056123. [PMID: 36684883 PMCID: PMC9853519 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Food addiction (FA) is associated with a higher body mass index z-score (BMIZ) in children and adolescents; however, whether these two aspects evolve interdependently remains unknown. This study aimed to address this question using a cross-lagged study. Methods Weight status, including BMIZ, fat content (FC), and visceral fat level (VFL), was determined in 880 children and adolescents (mean age = 14.02 years [range = 8.83-17.52 years]) at two-time points with an interval of 6 months. FA was characterized using the Chinese version of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0. Furthermore, FC and VFL were measured using direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis at each time point. Results Higher FA was associated with increased BMIZ, FC, and VFL (P < 0.05). FA at T0 could predict increased FC at T1 (P < 0.05). The characteristics of females, primary students, and living in urban areas may aggravate the adverse effect of FA on weight status over time and age, particularly the increased VFL in participants aged > 14 years. Conclusion Children and adolescents with a high FA level were at risk for weight gain attributed to increased FC, and the adverse effect could be aggravated with time and age. Novel FA-targeting interventions may help mitigate the risk of getting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfen Che
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Ye
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqing Chen
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongzhen Xu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Cui J, Yang Z, Wang J, Yin S, Xiao Y, Bai Y, Wang J. A cross-sectional analysis of association between visceral adiposity index and serum anti-aging protein Klotho in adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1082504. [PMID: 36814582 PMCID: PMC9939517 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1082504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is regarded as a reliable indicator to assess body fat distribution and dysfunction. Klotho protein is a hormone with anti-aging biological functions. However, the relationship between them has not been researched. OBJECTS This study aimed to evaluate the association between VAI and serum anti-aging protein klotho in American adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study of participants was conducted based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007-2016. Visceral adiposity was determined using the VAI score, while the klotho protein concentration was measured by ELISA kit. After adjusting some possible confounding variables, multivariate regression model was conducted to estimate the relationship between VAI and klotho protein. Furthermore, the smooth curve fitting and the segmented regression model were applied to examine the threshold effect and to calculate the inflection point. RESULT In total, 6 252 adults were eligible, with a mean VAI of 2.04 ± 0.03 and a mean klotho protein concentration of 848.79 ± 6.98 pg/ml. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that serum klotho protein concentration was lower in participants with high VAI score. When VAI was divided into quartiles, participants in the fourth quartiles of higher VAI had lower klotho protein levels (Q4: -32.25 pg/ml) than participants in the lowest quartile (Q1) after full adjustment (P < 0.05). Segmented regression suggested that the turning point value of VAI was 3.21. A 1-unit increase in VAI was significantly associated with lower klotho protein levels by -18.61 pg/ml (95% CI: -28.87, -8.35; P < 0.05) when VAI ranged from 0.29 to 3.21(accounting for 83.7% of the participants), however, the association was not significant when VAI ranged from 3.21 to 11.81 (P = 0.77). CONCLUSION There was a nonlinear correlation between VAI score and the serum anti-aging protein klotho concentrations, showing a saturation effect. When VAI was less than 3.21, they were negatively correlated, and when VAI was greater than 3.21, they had no obvious correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Cui
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunfei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yunjin Bai, n; Jia Wang,
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yunjin Bai, n; Jia Wang,
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14
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Peng H, Pan L, Ran S, Wang M, Huang S, Zhao M, Cao Z, Yao Z, Xu L, Yang Q, Lv W. Prediction of MAFLD and NAFLD using different screening indexes: A cross-sectional study in U.S. adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1083032. [PMID: 36742412 PMCID: PMC9892768 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1083032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. We aimed to explore the gender-related association between nine indexes (BMI/WC/VAI/LAP/WHtR/TyG/TyG-BMI/TyG-WC/TyG-WHtR) and MAFLD/NAFLD and examine their diagnostic utility for these conditions. METHODS Eligible participants were screened from the 2017-2018 cycle data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to assess the predictive performance of 9 indexes for MAFLD/NAFLD. RESULTS Among the 809 eligible individuals, 478 had MAFLD and 499 had NAFLD. After adjusting for gender, age, ethnicity, FIPR and education level, positive associations with the risk of MAFLD/NAFLD were found for all the nine indexes. For female, TyG-WHtR presented the best performance in identifying MAFLD/NAFLD, with AUC of 0.845 (95% CI = 0.806-0.879) and 0.831 (95% CI = 0.791-0.867) respectively. For male, TyG-WC presented the best performance in identifying MAFLD/NAFLD, with AUC of 0.900 (95% CI = 0.867-0.927) and 0.855 (95% CI = 0.817-0.888) respectively. CONCLUSION BMI/WC/VAI/LAP/WHtR/TyG/TyG-BMI/TyG-WC/TyG-WHtR are important indexes to identify the risk of MAFLD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Peng
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenliang Lv, ; Hongye Peng,
| | - Liang Pan
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Center, Deyang People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Simiao Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, HuangGang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Affiliated to Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Miyuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuxia Huang
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Zhao
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Cao
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziang Yao
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Foreign Languages and Culture, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenliang Lv
- Department of Infection, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenliang Lv, ; Hongye Peng,
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15
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Iłowiecka K, Glibowski P, Libera J, Koch W. Changes in Novel Anthropometric Indices of Abdominal Obesity during Weight Loss with Selected Obesity-Associated Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms: A Small One-Year Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11837. [PMID: 36142109 PMCID: PMC9517315 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Whether BMI and the competing waist circumference (WC)-based anthropometric indices are associated with obesity-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is as yet unknown. The current study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric indices (fat mass index, body shape index, visceral adiposity index, relative fat mass, body roundness index, and conicity index) during a weight loss intervention in 36 obese individuals. Blood biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) and three SNPs (FTO rs9939609, TFAP2B rs987237, and PLIN1 rs894160) were assessed in 22 women and 14 men (35.58 ± 9.85 years, BMI 35.04 ± 3.80 kg/m2) who completed a 12-month balanced energy-restricted diet weight loss program. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance (SECA mBCA515). At the end of the weight loss intervention, all anthropometric indices were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). For the SNP FTO rs9939609, the higher risk allele (A) was characteristic of 88.9% of the study group, in which 10 participants (27.8%) were homozygous. We found a similar distribution of alleles in TFAP2B and PLIN1. Heterozygous genotypes in FTO rs9939609 and TFAP2B rs987237 were predisposed to significant reductions in WC-based novel anthropometric indices during weight loss. The influence of PLIN1 rs894160 polymorphisms on the changes in the analyzed indices during weight loss has not been documented in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Iłowiecka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Glibowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Science in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Libera
- Division of Engineering and Cereals Technology, Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, University of Life Sciences, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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