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Otaru S, Jones LE, Carpenter DO. Associations between urine glyphosate levels and metabolic health risks: insights from a large cross-sectional population-based study. Environ Health 2024; 23:58. [PMID: 38926689 PMCID: PMC11210132 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in American adults increased from 37.6% in the 2011-12 period to 41.8% in 2017-2018. Environmental exposure, particularly to common compounds such as glyphosate, has drawn increasing attention as a potential risk factor. METHODS We employed three cycles of data (2013-2018) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in a cross-sectional study to examine potential associations between urine glyphosate measurements and MetS incidence. We first created a MetS score using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for MetS, with data drawn from the 2013-2018 NHANES cycles, and validated this score independently on an additional associated metric, the albumin-to-creatinine (ACR) ratio. The score was validated via a machine learning approach in predicting the ACR score via binary classification and then used in multivariable regression to test the association between quartile-categorized glyphosate exposure and the MetS score. RESULTS In adjusted multivariable regressions, regressions between quartile-categorized glyphosate exposure and MetS score showed a significant inverted U-shaped or saturating dose‒response profile, often with the largest effect for exposures in quartile 3. Exploration of potential effect modification by sex, race, and age category revealed significant differences by race and age, with older people (aged > 65 years) and non-Hispanic African American participants showing larger effect sizes for all exposure quartiles. CONCLUSIONS We found that urinary glyphosate concentration is significantly associated with a statistical score designed to predict MetS status and that dose-response coefficient is nonlinear, with advanced age and non-Hispanic African American, Mexican American and other Hispanic participants exhibiting greater effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Otaru
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Institute for Health and the Environment (IHE), 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Laura E Jones
- Institute for Health and the Environment (IHE), 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
- Center for Biostatistics, Bassett Research Institute, 1 Atwell Rd., Cooperstown, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
| | - David O Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Institute for Health and the Environment (IHE), 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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2
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Jauregui-Zunzunegui S, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Tellez-Plaza M, García-Esquinas E. Glyphosate exposure, muscular health and functional limitations in middle-aged and older adults. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118547. [PMID: 38452917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, both in domestic and industrial settings. Experimental research in animal models has demonstrated changes in muscle physiology and reduced contractile strength associated with glyphosate exposure, while epidemiological studies have shown associations between glyphosate exposure and adverse health outcomes in critical biological systems affecting muscle function. METHODS This study used data from a nationally representative survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. general population (NHANES, n = 2132). Urine glyphosate concentrations were determined by ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a Takei Dynamometer, and relative strength estimated as the ratio between HGS in the dominant hand and the appendicular lean mass (ALM) to body mass index (ALMBMI) ratio. Low HGS and low relative HGS were defined as 1 sex-, age- and race-specific SD below the mean. Physical function limitations were identified as significant difficulty or incapacity in various activities. RESULTS In fully-adjusted models, the Mean Differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals [95%CI] per doubling increase in glyphosate concentrations were -0.55 [-1.09, -0.01] kg for HGS in the dominant hand, and -0.90 [-1.58. -0.21] kg for HGS/ALMBMI. The Odds Ratios (OR) [95% CI] for low HGS, low relative HGS and functional limitations by glyphosate concentrations were 1.27 [1.03, 1.57] for low HGS; 1.43 [1.05; 1.94] for low relative HGS; 1.33 [1.08, 1.63] for stooping, crouching or kneeling difficulty; 1.17 [0.91, 1.50] for lifting or carrying items weighting up to 10 pounds difficulty; 1.21 [1.01, 1.40] for standing up from armless chair difficulty; and 1.47 [1.05, 2.29] for ascending ten steps without pause difficulty. CONCLUSIONS Glyphosate exposure may be a risk factor for decreased grip strength and increased physical functional limitations. More studies investigating the influence of this and other environmental pollutants on functional aging are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jauregui-Zunzunegui
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Dahiya P, Kumari S, Behl M, Kashyap A, Kumari D, Thakur K, Devi M, Kumari N, Kaushik N, Walia A, Bhatt AK, Bhatia RK. Guardians of the Gut: Harnessing the Power of Probiotic Microbiota and Their Exopolysaccharides to Mitigate Heavy Metal Toxicity in Human for Better Health. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10281-9. [PMID: 38733461 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a significant global health concern, posing risks to both the environment and human health. Exposure to heavy metals happens through various channels like contaminated water, food, air, and workplaces, resulting in severe health implications. Heavy metals also disrupt the gut's microbial balance, leading to dysbiosis characterized by a decrease in beneficial microorganisms and proliferation in harmful ones, ultimately exacerbating health problems. Probiotic microorganisms have demonstrated their ability to adsorb and sequester heavy metals, while their exopolysaccharides (EPS) exhibit chelating properties, aiding in mitigating heavy metal toxicity. These beneficial microorganisms aid in restoring gut integrity through processes like biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biotransformation of heavy metals. Incorporating probiotic strains with high affinity for heavy metals into functional foods and supplements presents a practical approach to mitigating heavy metal toxicity while enhancing gut health. Utilizing probiotic microbiota and their exopolysaccharides to address heavy metal toxicity offers a novel method for improving human health through modulation of the gut microbiome. By combining probiotics and exopolysaccharides, a distinctive strategy emerges for mitigating heavy metal toxicity, highlighting promising avenues for therapeutic interventions and health improvements. Further exploration in this domain could lead to groundbreaking therapies and preventive measures, underscoring probiotic microbiota and exopolysaccharides as natural and environmentally friendly solutions to heavy metal toxicity. This, in turn, could enhance public health by safeguarding the gut from environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpak Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manya Behl
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aakash Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deeksha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpana Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Kumari
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Walia
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Kutner W, Sharma PS. Glyphosate: Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Hemotoxicity, Carcinogenicity, and Clinical Cases of Endocrine, Reproductive, Cardiovascular, and Pulmonary System Intoxication. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1205-1236. [PMID: 38751624 PMCID: PMC11092036 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP) is an active agent of GLP-based herbicides (GBHs), i.e., broad-spectrum and postemergent weedkillers, commercialized by Monsanto as, e.g., Roundup and RangerPro formulants. The GBH crop spraying, dedicated to genetically engineered GLP-resistant crops, has revolutionized modern agriculture by increasing the production yield. However, abusively administered GBHs' ingredients, e.g., GLP, polyoxyethyleneamine, and heavy metals, have polluted environmental and industrial areas far beyond farmlands, causing global contamination and life-threatening risk, which has led to the recent local bans of GBH use. Moreover, preclinical and clinical reports have demonstrated harmful impacts of GLP and other GBH ingredients on the gut microbiome, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, and endocrine, as well as reproductive, and cardiopulmonary systems, whereas carcinogenicity of these herbicides remains controversial. Occupational exposure to GBH dysregulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, responsible for steroidogenesis and endocrinal secretion, thus affecting hormonal homeostasis, functions of reproductive organs, and fertility. On the other hand, acute intoxication with GBH, characterized by dehydration, oliguria, paralytic ileus, as well as hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis, may occur fatally. As no antidote has been developed for GBH poisoning so far, the detoxification is mainly symptomatic and supportive and requires intensive care based on gastric lavage, extracorporeal blood filtering, and intravenous lipid emulsion infusion. The current review comprehensively discusses the molecular and physiological basics of the GLP- and/or GBH-induced diseases of the endocrine and reproductive systems, and cardiopulmonary-, nephro-, and hepatotoxicities, presented in recent preclinical studies and case reports on the accidental or intentional ingestions with the most popular GBHs. Finally, they briefly describe modern and future healthcare methods and tools for GLP detection, determination, and detoxification. Future electronically powered, decision-making, and user-friendly devices targeting major GLP/GBH's modes of actions, i.e., dysbiosis and the inhibition of AChE, shall enable self-handled or point-of-care professional-assisted evaluation of the harm followed with rapid capturing GBH xenobiotics in the body and precise determining the GBH pathology-associated biomarkers levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Department
of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- ENSEMBLE sp. z o. o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Kutner
- Department
of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Fang YW, Wang C, Lin CY. Association between urinary glyphosate levels and hand grip strength in a representative sample of US adults: NHANES 2013-2014. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352570. [PMID: 38450138 PMCID: PMC10915012 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glyphosate, a widely utilized herbicide globally, has been linked to various health issues, including cancer, birth abnormalities, and reproductive issues. Additionally, there is growing experimental support indicating potential harm to skeletal muscles. Despite this, the impact of glyphosate on human muscle health remains unclear. Methods We examined information gathered from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 1466 adults aged 18 or older. Our primary aim was to investigate the relationship between glyphosate exposure and hand grip strength, as well as its influence on lean muscle mass. Results and discussion Our investigation uncovered a detrimental correlation between glyphosate exposure and all measures of grip strength, except for the second test of the first hand. Specifically, we observed a statistically significant adverse association between glyphosate exposure and combined grip strength, which is calculated as the sum of the highest readings from both hands (ß coefficient of -2.000, S.E. = 0.891, p = 0.040). We did not observe a significant correlation between glyphosate levels, lean muscle mass, and the likelihood of reaching maximum grip strength meeting sarcopenia criteria. Additionally, we observed an interaction between age and glyphosate, as well as between body mass index (BMI) and glyphosate, concerning the association with combined grip strength. In this comprehensive analysis of NHANES data, our study reveals a potential association between glyphosate exposure and hand grip strength in the adult population. Our findings suggest the need for deeper exploration into the health effects of glyphosate exposure and its impact on muscle strength, shedding light on possible public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - ChiKang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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6
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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Kutner W, Sharma PS. Glyphosate: Impact on the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the immune-nervous system, and clinical cases of multiorgan toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115965. [PMID: 38244513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP) and GLP-based herbicides (GBHs), such as polyethoxylated tallow amine-based GLP surfactants (GLP-SH), developed in the late 70', have become the most popular and controversial agrochemicals ever produced. Nowadays, GBHs have reached 350 million hectares of crops in over 140 countries, with an annual turnover of 5 billion and 11 billion USD in the U.S.A. and worldwide, respectively. Because of the highly efficient inhibitory activity of GLP targeted to the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase pathway, present in plants and several bacterial strains, the GLP-resistant crop-based genetic agricultural revolution has decreased famine and improved the costs and quality of living in developing countries. However, this progress has come at the cost of the 50-year GBH overuse, leading to environmental pollution, animal intoxication, bacterial resistance, and sustained occupational exposure of the herbicide farm and companies' workers. According to preclinical and clinical studies covered in the present review, poisoning with GLP, GLP-SH, and GBHs devastatingly affects gut microbiota and the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis, leading to dysbiosis and gastrointestinal (GI) ailments, as well as immunosuppression and inappropriate immunostimulation, cholinergic neurotransmission dysregulation, neuroendocrinal system disarray, and neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral alterations. Herein, we mainly focus on the contribution of gut microbiota (GM) to neurological impairments, e.g., stroke and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The current review provides a comprehensive introduction to GLP's microbiological and neurochemical activities, including deviation of the intestinal Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, excitotoxicity, and mind-altering processes. Besides, it summarizes and critically discusses recent preclinical studies and clinical case reports concerning the harmful impacts of GBHs on the GI tract, MGB axis, and nervous system. Finally, an insightful comparison of toxic effects caused by GLP, GBH-SH, and GBHs is presented. To this end, we propose a first-to-date survey of clinical case reports on intoxications with these herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; ENSEMBLE(3) sp. z o. o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Kutner
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Hsiao YC, Johnson G, Yang Y, Liu CW, Feng J, Zhao H, Moy SS, Harper KM, Lu K. Evaluation of neurological behavior alterations and metabolic changes in mice under chronic glyphosate exposure. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:277-288. [PMID: 37922104 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a widely used active ingredient in agricultural herbicides, inhibiting the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants by targeting their shikimate pathway. Our gut microbiota also facilitates the shikimate pathway, making it a vulnerable target when encountering glyphosate. Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may impair the gut-brain axis, bringing neurological outcomes. To evaluate the neurotoxicity and biochemical changes attributed to glyphosate, we exposed mice with the reference dose (RfD) set by the U.S. EPA (1.75 mg/Kg-BW/day) and its hundred-time-equivalence (175 mg/Kg-BW/day) chronically via drinking water, then compared a series of neurobehaviors and their fecal/serum metabolomic profile against the non-exposed vehicles (n = 10/dosing group). There was little alteration in the neurobehavior, including motor activities, social approach, and conditioned fear, under glyphosate exposure. Metabolomic differences attributed to glyphosate were observed in the feces, corresponding to 68 and 29 identified metabolites with dysregulation in the higher and lower dose groups, respectively, compared to the vehicle-control. There were less alterations observed in the serum metabolome. Under 175 mg/Kg-BW/day of glyphosate exposure, the aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine) were reduced in the feces but not in the serum of mice. We further focused on how tryptophan metabolism was dysregulated based on the pathway analysis, and identified the indole-derivatives were more altered compared to the serotonin and kynurenine derivatives. Together, we obtained a three-dimensional data set that records neurobehavioral, fecal metabolic, and serum biomolecular dynamics caused by glyphosate exposure at two different doses. Our data showed that even under the high dose of glyphosate irrelevant to human exposure, there were little evidence that supported the impairment of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gregory Johnson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Haoduo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sheryl S Moy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn M Harper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Walsh L, Hill C, Ross RP. Impact of glyphosate (Roundup TM) on the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263935. [PMID: 38099711 PMCID: PMC10561581 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate, the active ingredient in the broad-spectrum herbicide RoundupTM, has been a topic of discussion for decades due to contradictory reports of the effect of glyphosate on human health. Glyphosate inhibits the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) of the shikimic pathway producing aromatic amino acids in plants, a mechanism that suggests that the herbicide would not affect humans as this pathway is not found in mammals. However, numerous studies have implicated glyphosate exposure in the manifestation of a variety of disorders in the human body. This review specifically outlines the potential effect of glyphosate exposure on the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome. Evidence has been building behind the hypothesis that the composition of each individual gut microbiota significantly impacts health. For this reason, the potential of glyphosate to inhibit the growth of beneficial microbes in the gut or alter their functionality is an important topic that warrants further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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González-Moscoso M, Meza-Figueroa D, Martínez-Villegas NV, Pedroza-Montero MR. GLYPHOSATE IMPACT on human health and the environment: Sustainable alternatives to replace it in Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139810. [PMID: 37598951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide used to control weeds and protect agricultural crops, and it is classified as potentially carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In Mexico, the use of pesticides is a common practice, including glyphosate. However, on December 31st, 2020, the Mexican government decreed the prohibition of this herbicide as of January 2024. In this review, we investigate the association between glyphosate and cancer risk and found that most of the studies focused using animals showing negative effects such as genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity, some studies used cancer cell lines showing proliferative effects due to glyphosate exposure. To our knowledge, in Mexico, there are no scientific reports on the association of glyphosate with any type of cancer. In addition, we reviewed the toxicological effects of the herbicide glyphosate, and the specific case of the current situation of the use and environmental damage of this herbicide in Mexico. We found that few studies have been published on glyphosate, and that the largest number of publications are from the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification to date. Additionally, we provide data on glyphosate stimulation at low doses as a biostimulant in crops and analytical monitoring techniques for the detection of glyphosates in different matrices. Finally, we have tried to summarize the actions of the Mexican government to seek sustainable alternatives and replace the use of glyphosate, to obtain food free of this herbicide and take care of the health of the population and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magín González-Moscoso
- Departamento de Nanotecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas (UPChiapas), Carretera Tuxtla Gutierrez.-Portillo Zaragoza Km 21+500, Col. Las Brisas, Suchiapa, 29150, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Diana Meza-Figueroa
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Martín Rafael Pedroza-Montero
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Encinas, Hermosillo, 83000, Sonora, Mexico
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Chang MH, Chu PL, Wang C, Lin CY. Association between Glyphosate Exposure and Erythrograms in a Representative Sample of US Adults: NHANES 2013-2014. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91207-91215. [PMID: 37474857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most commonly utilized herbicide globally, and a growing body of experimental research has linked its exposure to red blood cell damage. However, the potential toxicity of glyphosate exposure on erythrocytes in the general population remains poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of 1466 adults (≥ 18 years) to explore the potential relationship between glyphosate exposure and erythrocyte profiles. Our results indicated a significant negative association between urinary glyphosate levels and hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) in multiple regression analysis, with ß coefficients of -0.157 (S.E. = 0.055, P = 0.012) and -0.431 (S.E. = 0.195, P = 0.043), respectively. Additionally, the odds ratio showed a significant increase in individuals with anemia with a one-unit increase in ln-glyphosate levels (odds ratio = 1.523 (95% CI = 1.301 - 1.783), P < 0.001 in the final model). The negative correlation between glyphosate and Hb was more pronounced in subjects older than 60 years, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, lower income, and those with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 and ≥ 30. In conclusion, our results provide preliminary evidence of a plausible association between glyphosate exposure and anemia in a subset of the adult population in the United States. However, further research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan
| | - ChiKang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 242, Taiwan.
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, No. 399, Fuxing Rd., Sanxia Dist., New Taipei City, 237, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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11
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India Aldana S, Valvi D, Joshi A, Lucchini RG, Placidi D, Petrick L, Horton M, Niedzwiecki M, Colicino E. Salivary Metabolomic Signatures and Body Mass Index in Italian Adolescents: A Pilot Study. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad091. [PMID: 37457847 PMCID: PMC10341611 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Obesity surveillance is scarce in adolescents, and little is known on whether salivary metabolomics data, emerging minimally invasive biomarkers, can characterize metabolic patterns associated with overweight or obesity in adolescents. Objective This pilot study aims to identify the salivary molecular signatures associated with body mass index (BMI) in Italian adolescents. Methods Saliva samples and BMI were collected in a subset of n = 74 young adolescents enrolled in the Public Health Impact of Metal Exposure study (2007-2014). A total of 217 untargeted metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Robust linear regression was used to cross-sectionally determine associations between metabolomic signatures and sex-specific BMI-for-age z-scores (z-BMI). Results Nearly 35% of the adolescents (median age: 12 years; 51% females) were either obese or overweight. A higher z-BMI was observed in males compared to females (P = .02). One nucleoside (deoxyadenosine) and 2 lipids (18:0-18:2 phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine) were negatively related to z-BMI (P < .05), whereas 2 benzenoids (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and a phthalate metabolite) were positively associated with z-BMI (P < .05). In males, several metabolites including deoxyadenosine, as well as deoxycarnitine, hyodeoxycholic acid, N-methylglutamic acid, bisphenol P, and trigonelline were downregulated, while 3 metabolites (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, theobromine/theophylline/paraxanthine, and alanine) were upregulated in relation to z-BMI (P < .05). In females, deoxyadenosine and dipalmitoyl-phosphoethanolamine were negatively associated with z-BMI while deoxycarnitine and a phthalate metabolite were positively associated (P < .05). A single energy-related pathway was enriched in the identified associations in females (carnitine synthesis, P = .04). Conclusion Salivary metabolites involved in nucleotide, lipid, and energy metabolism were primarily altered in relation to BMI in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India Aldana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anu Joshi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Niedzwiecki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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12
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Arrigo E, Gilardi S, Muratori L, Raimondo S, Mancardi D. Biological effects of sub-lethal doses of glyphosate and AMPA on cardiac myoblasts. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1165868. [PMID: 37168227 PMCID: PMC10164986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1165868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glyphosate is the active compound of different non-selective herbicides, being the most used agriculture pesticide worldwide. Glyphosate and AMPA (one of its main metabolites) are common pollutants of water, soil, and food sources such as crops. They can be detected in biological samples from both exposed workers and general population. Despite glyphosate acts as inhibitor of the shikimate pathway, present only in plants and some microorganisms, its safety in mammals is still debated. Acute glyphosate intoxications are correlated to cardiovascular/neuronal damages, but little is known about the effects of the chronic exposure. Methods: We evaluated the direct biological effects of different concentrations of pure glyphosate/AMPA on a rat-derived cell line of cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) in acute (1-2 h) or sub-chronic (24-48 h) settings. We analyzed cell viability/morphology, ROS production and mitochondrial dynamics. Results: Acute exposure to high doses (above 10 mM) of glyphosate and AMPA triggers immediate cytotoxic effects: reduction in cell viability, increased ROS production, morphological alterations and mitochondrial function. When exposed to lower glyphosate concentrations (1 μM-1 mM), H9c2 cells showed only a slight variation in cell viability and ROS production, while mitochondrial dynamic was unvaried. Moreover, the phenotype was completely restored after 48 h of treatment. Surprisingly, the sub-chronic (48 h) treatment with low concentrations (1 μM-1 mM) of AMPA led to a late cytotoxic response, reflected in a reduction in H9c2 viability. Conclusion: The comprehension of the extent of human exposure to these molecules remains pivotal to have a better critical view of the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Arrigo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
| | - Sara Gilardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Muratori
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniele Mancardi, ; Elisa Arrigo,
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13
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Associations Between the Gut Microbiota, Urinary Metabolites, and Diet in Women During the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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14
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Gill SP, Learman DR, Annis ML, Woolnough DA. Freshwater mussels and host fish gut microbe community composition shifts after agricultural contaminant exposure. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3645-3658. [PMID: 36056619 PMCID: PMC9825887 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the effects of a mixture of contaminants found in agricultural watersheds on the gut microbiota and physiology of both the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium, and L. cardium host fish Micropterus salmoides. METHODS AND RESULTS Lampsilis cardium and M. salmoides were exposed to three concentrations of agricultural contaminants for 60 days (observing behaviour daily) before being sampled for gut microbiota analyses. DNA was extracted from the gut samples, amplified via PCR, and sequenced using the Illumina Mi-Seq platform. Only L. cardium guts had differing microbiota across treatments, with an increase in potentially pathogenic Aeromonas. We also provide novel evidence of a core microbiota within L. cardium and M. salmoides. In terms of physiology, female L. cardium exhibited a decrease in movement and marsupial gill display in contaminant exposures. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to contaminants from agricultural watersheds may affect population recruitment within freshwater mussel communities over time. Specifically, increased pathogenic micro-organisms and altered behaviour can reduce the likelihood of glochidia dispersal. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study supports emerging research that contaminants found in agricultural watersheds may be a factor in freshwater mussel population declines. It also provides novel evidence that unionids have a core gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Gill
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| | - Deric R. Learman
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
| | - Mandy L. Annis
- US Fish & Wildlife Service, Michigan Ecological Services Field OfficeEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Daelyn A. Woolnough
- Biology Department and Institute for Great Lakes ResearchCentral Michigan UniversityMount PleasantMichiganUSA
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15
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Feltracco M, Barbaro E, Scopel M, Piazza R, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Detection of glyphosate residues in feed, saliva, urine and faeces from a cattle farm: a pilot study. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1248-1254. [PMID: 35442859 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2066194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Forty-two samples of feed, saliva, urines, and faeces collected from a cattle farm were investigated with the aim to evaluate the occurrence of glyphosate in faeces, urine and saliva. Glyphosate in the feed was also quantified to understand how it was assimilated by mammals. All cows excreted glyphosate in their faeces at concentrations between 57 and 983 ng g-1. In contrast, only 55% of urine and one sample of saliva tested positive. Most of the feeds demonstrated a non-negligible presence of glyphosate. In particular, a silage containing soybeans from genetically modified cultivation showed a concentration one order of magnitude higher than the other feeds. This study aims to provide the first complete determination of glyphosate in a cattle farm, considering the possible re-entry into the environment through the spreading of liquid and solid sewage and its possible impact on groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Monica Scopel
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Venice Mestre, Italy
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16
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Zhang Q, Liu X, Gao M, Li X, Wang Y, Chang Y, Zhang X, Huo Z, Zhang L, Shan J, Zhang F, Zhu B, Yao W. The study of human serum metabolome on the health effects of glyphosate and early warning of potential damage. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134308. [PMID: 35302001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicide with high efficiency, low toxicity and broad-spectrum. In recent decades, increasing evidence suggests that glyphosate may cause adverse health effects on human beings. However, until now, there is little data on the human metabolic changes. Since occupational workers are under greater health risks than ordinary people, the understanding regarding the health effects of glyphosate on occupational workers is very important for the early warning of potential damage. In this study, serum metabolic alterations in workers from three chemical factories were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess the potential health risks caused by glyphosate at the molecular level. It was found that the levels of 27 metabolites changed significantly in the exposed group compared to the controls. The altered metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism (glycolysis and TCA cycle) and glutathione metabolism (oxidative stress), etc., indicated a series of changes occur in health profile of the human body after glyphosate exposure, and the suboptimal health status of human may further evolve into various diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, renal and liver dysfunction, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Subsequently, 4 biomarkers (i.e., benzoic acid, 2-ketoisocaproic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, and monoolein) were identified as potential biomarkers related to glyphosate exposure based on the partial correlation analyses, linear regression analyses, and FDR correction. Receiver-operating curve (ROC) analyses manifested that these potential biomarkers and their combinational pattern had good performance and potential clinical value to assess the potential health risk associated with glyphosate exposure while retaining high accuracy. Our findings provided new insights on mechanisms of health effects probably induced by glyphosate, and may be valuable for the health risk assessment of glyphosate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiuLan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - MengTing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - YiFei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - YueYue Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - XueMeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - ZongLi Huo
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - JinJun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - BaoLi Zhu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - WeiFeng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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17
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Gama J, Neves B, Pereira A. Chronic Effects of Dietary Pesticides on the Gut Microbiome and Neurodevelopment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:931440. [PMID: 35847088 PMCID: PMC9279132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.931440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many agricultural pesticides include substances that are known to be harmful to human health and while some have been banned from developed countries, they are still being used in developing countries such as Brazil. Recent studies have shown that low-level chronic dietary exposure to pesticides can affect the human gut microbiota. This possible hazardous effect of pesticides on human health has not been specifically recognized by government regulatory agencies. In Brazil, for instance, of the 10 best-selling active ingredients in pesticides in 2019, two are considered extremely toxic, Paraquat and Chlorpyrifos. Even though Paraquat has been banned in Brazil since 2020, the values of maximum residue limits (MRLs) of toxic pesticides allowed in the country are still higher than in other countries. Unfortunately, many developing countries still lack the resources and expertise needed to monitor adequately and systematically the presence of pesticide residues on food. In this work, we raise awareness to the danger the chronic exposure to high dietary levels of pesticides can pose to the public, especially considering their prolonged effects on the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gama
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Bianca Neves
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Pereira
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Institute of Technology, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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18
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Puigbò P, Leino LI, Rainio MJ, Saikkonen K, Saloniemi I, Helander M. Does Glyphosate Affect the Human Microbiota? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050707. [PMID: 35629374 PMCID: PMC9145961 DOI: 10.3390/life12050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate is the world’s most widely used agrochemical. Its use in agriculture and gardening has been proclaimed safe because humans and other animals do not have the target enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). However, increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated risks to humans and animals because the shikimate metabolic pathway is present in many microbes. Here, we assess the potential effect of glyphosate on healthy human microbiota. Our results demonstrate that more than one-half of human microbiome are intrinsically sensitive to glyphosate. However, further empirical studies are needed to determine the effect of glyphosate on healthy human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Puigbò
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; (L.I.L.); (M.J.R.); (I.S.); (M.H.)
- Nutrition and Health Unit, Eurecat Technology Centre of Catalonia, 43204 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lyydia I. Leino
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; (L.I.L.); (M.J.R.); (I.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Miia J. Rainio
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; (L.I.L.); (M.J.R.); (I.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Kari Saikkonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Irma Saloniemi
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; (L.I.L.); (M.J.R.); (I.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Marjo Helander
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland; (L.I.L.); (M.J.R.); (I.S.); (M.H.)
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19
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Maddalon A, Iulini M, Galbiati V, Colosio C, Mandić-Rajčević S, Corsini E. Direct Effects of Glyphosate on In Vitro T Helper Cell Differentiation and Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854837. [PMID: 35359959 PMCID: PMC8960435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (G) is the active ingredient of the most used herbicides worldwide. Its use is currently very debated, as several studies indicating its hazard and toxicity are emerging. Among them, there is evidence of adverse effects on the immune system. The aim of this work was to investigate if G could directly affect immune cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from healthy donors were used as experimental model. PBMC were expose to G and stimulated with PMA/ionomycin, T helper (Th) cell differentiation and cytokine production were assessed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. A reduction of Th1/Th2 ratio, mainly due to a decrease in Th1 cells, was observed following G exposure. Results show an enhancement of IL-4 and IL-17A production, and a reduction of IFN-γ. Based on literature evidence that suggest G being an endocrine disruptor, we investigated the role of nuclear estrogen receptors (ER). ERα/ERβ inhibition by ICI 182,780 abolished the effects of G on IFN-γ and IL-4 release, suggesting a role of ER in the observed effects. To further characterize the mechanism of action of G, miRNAs, both in exosome and intracellular, were investigated. A statistically significant increase in miR-500a-5p was observed following G treatment. The blockage of miR-500a-5p, using a specific antagomir, prevented G-induced reduction of IFN-γ production. Finally a relationship between miR-500a-5p up-regulation and ER was observed. Overall, these results suggest that G can directly act on T cells, altering T cell differentiation and cytokines production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Iulini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Galbiati
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Colosio
- Occupational Health Unit, International Centre for Rural Health, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Mandić-Rajčević
- Occupational Health Unit, International Centre for Rural Health, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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20
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Giambò F, Costa C, Teodoro M, Fenga C. Role-Playing Between Environmental Pollutants and Human Gut Microbiota: A Complex Bidirectional Interaction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:810397. [PMID: 35252248 PMCID: PMC8888443 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.810397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the characterization of the involvement of toxicant and pollutant exposures in the development and the progression of several diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, as well as in the disruption of the immune and reproductive homeostasis. The gut microbiota is considered a pivotal player against the toxic properties of chemicals with the establishment of a dynamic bidirectional relationship, underlining the toxicological significance of this mutual interplay. In fact, several environmental chemicals have been demonstrated to affect the composition, the biodiversity of the intestinal microbiota together with the underlining modulated metabolic pathways, which may play an important role in tailoring the microbiotype of an individual. In this review, we aimed to discuss the latest updates concerning the environmental chemicals–microbiota dual interaction, toward the identification of a distinctiveness of the gut microbial community, which, in turn, may allow to adopt personalized preventive strategies to improve risk assessment for more susceptible workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giambò
- Occupational Medicine Section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Teodoro
- Occupational Medicine Section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Occupational Medicine Section, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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21
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Petrick LM, Wolff MS, Barupal D, Teitelbaum SL. Comparison of untargeted and targeted perfluoroalkyl acids measured in adolescent girls. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133303. [PMID: 34921852 PMCID: PMC8770605 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative biomonitoring (e.g., targeted analysis) has served as the gold standard for environmental exposure biomonitoring for several decades. Recent advancements to broaden exposomic research brought new semi-quantitative untargeted assays that capture a wide range of endogenous metabolites and exogenous exposures in a single assay for discovery, though usually at the expense of absolute quantitation. The high-resolution mass spectrometers (HRMS) typically used in untargeted workflows are sensitive and robust, but there do not yet exist comprehensive comparisons between environmental chemicals at population exposure levels measured using targeted and untargeted assays. Using liquid chromatography (LC)-HRMS, we measured per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), n-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), n-perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in plasma of 180 girls from New York City, and compared them to previously obtained targeted measures using correlation and rank order methods. We showed high agreement between the methods with Spearman Rhos ranging from 0.69 to 0.92 and weighted Kappa's from 0.62 to 0.82 for tertiles among the PFAS. This finding demonstrates that semi-quantitative data from untargeted assays designed for exposomics can be reliably used to estimate environmental exposures occurring in the general population, providing an economic alternative to targeted assays. We also describe an approach that can be used to compare relative quantitation measurements from an untargeted assay to traditional targeted measures to establish fit-for-purpose usability and validation. These results suggest that environmental exposure measures from untargeted assays can serve as reliable inputs into statistical analysis for discovery and for determining their resultant biological impacts. Future efforts to develop new statistical approaches for standardization and merging with targeted measures-toward harmonization-will further enhance the utility of untargeted assays in environmental epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Mary S Wolff
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dinesh Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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22
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Poudyal DC, Dhamu VN, Samson M, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Portable Pesticide Electrochem-sensor: A Label-Free Detection of Glyphosate in Human Urine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1781-1790. [PMID: 35089037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity levels of and exposure to glyphosate, a widely used herbicide and desiccant, are significant public health issues. In this study, we aim to design a highly sensitive, label-free, portable sensor for the direct detection of glyphosate in human urine. The sensor platform consists of a portable, printed circuit board circular platform with gold working and reference electrodes to enable nonfaradic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensing platform was an immunoassay-based, gold electrode surface immobilized with a monolayer of dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP), a thiol-based cross-linker, which was then modified with a glyphosate antibody (Glyp-Ab) through the bonding of the ester group of DSP with the amide of the antibody (Glyp-Ab). The sensor was tested electrochemically, first using the laboratory-based benchtop method for the glyphosate-spiked urine samples, resulting in a dynamic response in the concentration range of 0.1-72 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL. The platform showed high selectivity in the presence of major interfering analytes in urine [malathion (Mal), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA), and chlorpyrifos (Chlp)] and high reproducibility. The sensing platform was then translated into a portable device that showed a performance correlation (r = 0.994) with the benchtop (laboratory method). This developed portable sensing approach can be a highly reliable alternate sensor platform for the direct detection of pesticides in human bodily fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgasha C Poudyal
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vikram Narayanan Dhamu
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Manish Samson
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- EnLiSense LLC, Allen, Texas 75013, United States
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23
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Niedzwiecki MM, Eggers S, Joshi A, Dolios G, Cantoral A, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Amarasiriwardena C, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Petrick L. Lead exposure and serum metabolite profiles in pregnant women in Mexico City. Environ Health 2021; 20:125. [PMID: 34893088 PMCID: PMC8665540 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) exposure is a global health hazard causing a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Yet, the mechanisms of Pb toxicology remain incompletely understood, especially during pregnancy. To uncover biological pathways impacted by Pb exposure, this study investigated serum metabolomic profiles during the third trimester of pregnancy that are associated with blood Pb and bone Pb. METHODS We used data and specimens from 99 women enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors birth cohort in Mexico City. Maternal Pb exposure was measured in whole blood samples from the third trimester of pregnancy and in the tibia and patella bones at 1 month postpartum. Third-trimester serum samples underwent metabolomic analysis; metabolites were identified based on matching to an in-house analytical standard library. A metabolome-wide association study was performed using multiple linear regression models. Class- and pathway-based enrichment analyses were also conducted. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) blood Pb concentration was 2.9 (2.6) µg/dL. Median bone Pb, measured in the tibia and patella, were 2.5 (7.3) µg/g and 3.6 (9.5) µg/g, respectively. Of 215 total metabolites identified in serum, 31 were associated with blood Pb (p < 0.05). Class enrichment analysis identified significant overrepresentation of metabolites classified as fatty acids and conjugates, amino acids and peptides, and purines. Tibia and patella Pb were associated with 14 and 8 metabolites, respectively (p < 0.05). Comparing results from bone and blood Pb, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and 1-arachidonoylglycerol were positively associated with blood Pb and tibia Pb, and 7-methylguanine was negatively associated with blood Pb and patella Pb. One metabolite, 5-aminopentanoic acid, was negatively associated with all three Pb measures. CONCLUSIONS This study identified serum metabolites in pregnant women associated with Pb measured in blood and bone. These findings provide insights on the metabolic profile around Pb exposure in pregnancy and information to guide mechanistic studies of toxicological effects for mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Niedzwiecki
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Shoshannah Eggers
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Anu Joshi
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | | | | | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | | | - Robert O Wright
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, United States, NY
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24
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Yu M, Tu P, Dolios G, Dassanayake PS, Volk H, Newschaffer C, Fallin MD, Croen L, Lyall K, Schmidt R, Hertz-Piccioto I, Austin C, Arora M, Petrick LM. Tooth biomarkers to characterize the temporal dynamics of the fetal and early-life exposome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106849. [PMID: 34482270 PMCID: PMC8800489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth have unique histology that make this biomatrix a time-capsule for retrospective exposure analysis of fetal and early life. However, most analytic methods require pulverizing the whole tooth, which eliminates exposure timing information. Further, the range of chemicals and endogenous exposures that can be measured in teeth has yet to be fully characterized. METHODS We performed untargeted metabolomics on micro-dissected layers from naturally shed deciduous teeth. Using four liquid-chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical modes, we profiled small molecules (<1000 Da) from prenatal and postnatal tooth fractions. In addition, we employed linear regression on the tooth fraction pairs from 31 children to identify metabolites that discriminate between prenatal and postnatal exposures. RESULTS Of over 10,000 features measured in teeth dentin, 390 unique compounds were annotated from 62 chemical classes. The class with the largest number of compounds was carboxylic acids and their derivatives (36%). Of the annotated exogenous metabolites (phthalates, parabens, perfluoroalkyl compounds, and cotinine) and endogenous metabolites (fatty acids, steroids, carnitines, amino acids, and others), 91 are linked to 256 health conditions through published literature. Differential analysis revealed 267 metabolites significantly different between the prenatal and the postnatal tooth fractions (adj. p-value < 0.05, Bonferroni correction), and 21 metabolites exclusive to the prenatal fraction. CONCLUSIONS The prenatal and early postnatal exposome revealed from dental biomarkers represents a broad range of endogenous and exogenous metabolites for a comprehensive characterization in environmental health research. Most importantly, this technology provides a direct window into fetal exposures that is not possible by maternal biomarkers. Indeed, we identified several metabolites exclusively in the prenatal fraction, suggesting unique fetal exposures that are markedly different to postnatal exposures. Expansion of databases that include tooth matrix metabolites will strengthen biological interpretation and shed light on exposures during gestation and early life that may be causally linked with later health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peijun Tu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Priyanthi S Dassanayake
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Heather Volk
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Craig Newschaffer
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lisa Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94611, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Piccioto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Lauren M Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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25
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Dietert RR. Microbiome First Approaches to Rescue Public Health and Reduce Human Suffering. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111581. [PMID: 34829809 PMCID: PMC8615664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The is a sequential article to an initial review suggesting that Microbiome First medical approaches to human health and wellness could both aid the fight against noncommunicable diseases and conditions (NCDs) and help to usher in sustainable healthcare. This current review article specifically focuses on public health programs and initiatives and what has been termed by medical journals as a catastrophic record of recent failures. Included in the review is a discussion of the four priority behavioral modifications (food choices, cessation of two drugs of abuse, and exercise) advocated by the World Health Organization as the way to stop the ongoing NCD epidemic. The lack of public health focus on the majority of cells and genes in the human superorganism, the microbiome, is highlighted as is the "regulatory gap" failure to protect humans, particularly the young, from a series of mass population toxic exposures (e.g., asbestos, trichloroethylene, dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls, triclosan, bisphenol A and other plasticizers, polyfluorinated compounds, herbicides, food emulsifiers, high fructose corn syrup, certain nanoparticles, endocrine disruptors, and obesogens). The combination of early life toxicity for the microbiome and connected human physiological systems (e.g., immune, neurological), plus a lack of attention to the importance of microbial rebiosis has facilitated rather than suppressed, the NCD epidemic. This review article concludes with a call to place the microbiome first and foremost in public health initiatives as a way to both rescue public health effectiveness and reduce the human suffering connected to comorbid NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney R Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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26
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Romano RM, de Oliveira JM, de Oliveira VM, de Oliveira IM, Torres YR, Bargi-Souza P, Martino Andrade AJ, Romano MA. Could Glyphosate and Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Be Associated With Increased Thyroid Diseases Worldwide? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:627167. [PMID: 33815286 PMCID: PMC8018287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.627167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of thyroid diseases raises a series of questions about what the main predisposing factors are nowadays. If dietary restriction of iodine was once a major global health concern, today, the processes of industrialization of food and high exposure to a wide variety of environmental chemicals may be affecting, directly or indirectly, thyroid function. The homeostasis of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is finely regulated through the negative feedback mechanism exerted by thyroid hormones. Allostatic mechanisms are triggered to adjust the physiology of HPT axis in chronic conditions. Glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides are pesticides with controversial endocrine disrupting activities and only few studies have approached their effects on HPT axis and thyroid function. However, glyphosate has an electrophilic and nucleophilic zwitterion chemical structure that may affect the mechanisms involved in iodide oxidation and organification, as well as the oxidative phosphorylation in the ATP synthesis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to: (1) discuss the critical points in the regulation of HPT axis and thyroid hormones levels balance, which may be susceptible to the toxic action of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides, correlating the molecular mechanisms involved in glyphosate toxicity described in the literature that may, directly or indirectly, be associated to the higher incidence of thyroid diseases; and (2) present the literature regarding glyphosate toxicity in HPT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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