1
|
Kim MY, An S, Shim YS, Lee HS, Hwang JS. Waist-height ratio and body mass index as indicators of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in Korean children and adolescents. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:182-190. [PMID: 38956754 PMCID: PMC11220395 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346090.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the clinical relevance of waist-height ratio (WHtR) as an indicator of cardiometabolic risk and body fat mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among Korean children and adolescents. METHODS Data from 1,661 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Unadjusted Pearson correlation, age- and sex-adjusted Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between WHtR standard deviation score (SDS) and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as DXA-assessed parameters. RESULTS WHtR SDS was correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors, including systolic blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as DXA-assessed parameters such as lean mass SDS, fat mass SDS, and fat mass percentage SDS in both whole body and trunk using an adjusted Pearson correlation analyses among all participants (p<0.001). WHtR SDS was strongly correlated with whole-body fat mass and trunk fat mass (r=0.792, p<0.001 and r=0.801, p<0.001, respectively) whereas WHtR SDS had a low correlation coefficient with whole-body lean mass and trunk lean mass SDS (r=0.512, p<0.001 and r=0.487, p<0.001, respectively). In multiple linear regression analyses, WHtR SDS was significantly associated with whole-body and trunk fat mass after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION Cardiometabolic risk factors and body fat mass assessed by DXA in Korean children and adolescents were highly correlated with WHtR. Additionally, WHtR has an advantage in distinguishing fat-free mass. WHtR can be a useful and convenient clinical indicator of cardiometabolic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Dongtan St. Mary's Children's Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Sejin An
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang PP, Wang YX, Gu JY, Xu M, Zhou Y, Wang HJ, Lau PWC, Wang H, Li L. Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates the association between fatness and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1361447. [PMID: 38812818 PMCID: PMC11133549 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity tends to persist into adulthood, predisposing individuals to cardiometabolic risk (CMR). This study aims to investigate the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the associations between multiple fatness indicators and individual CMR markers and clustered CMR-score, and explore sex differences. Methods We recruited 1,557 children (age: 8 to 10, male/female: 52.7%/47.3%) in September 2022 in Ningbo, China. Physical examinations, overnight fasting blood test, and CRF was evaluated. The CMR-score was calculated by summing age- and sex-specific z scores of four CMR markers, including mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify the associations, mediation analyses were performed to dissect the function of CRF. Results Partial correlation analyses revealed positive associations between high fatness indicators (including body mass index [BMI], BMI z score, body fat mass index [BFMI] and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) and increased CMR markers, whereas high CRF was associated with decreased CMR markers (all P < 0.05). In the mediation analyses, CRF emerged as a partial mediator, attenuating the relationship between four fatness indicators and CMR-score. Specifically, CRF mediated 6.5%, 7.7%, 5.3%, and 12.5% of the association between BMI, BMI z score, BFMI, WHtR and CMR-score (all P < 0.001). And the mediating effects of CRF between WHtR and four individual CMR markers was particularly robust, ranging from 10.4% to 21.1% (all P < 0.05). What's more, CRF mediates the associations between WHtR and CMR-score more pronounced in girls than boys with a mediation effect size of 17.3% (P < 0.001). Conclusion In Chinese children, CRF partially mitigates the adverse effects of fatness on CMR, underscoring the significance of enhancing CRF in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Zhang
- Ningbo Center for Healthy Lifestyle Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - You-Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yin Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W C. Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education & Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College (UIC), Zhuhai, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seo YJ, Shim YS, Lee HS, Hwang JS. Association of serum uric acid Levels with metabolic syndromes in Korean adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1159248. [PMID: 38169712 PMCID: PMC10758490 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study findings investigated uric acid reference values and their association with a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the KNHANES database from 2016 to 2018, involving a total of 2,462 participants aged between 10 and 18 years. Based on age- and sex-specific percentile curves for serum uric acid (SUA) levels from the KNHANES, we examined the correlation between cardiometabolic risk factors and serum uric acid levels. Results The percentile values of SUA varied with sex and age. In male subjects, SUA levels tended to increase from 10 to 14 years of age and plateaued after 14 years of age. Moreover, the overall uric acid level in females was found to be lower than that in males; the levels tended to increase at approximately 10 to 12 years old but were relatively consistent according to age. Mean uric acid levels increased according to obesity status in both males and females. However, correlation analysis revealed that SUA levels were associated with several metabolic risks even after adjusting for obesity. The detailed metabolic syndrome (MetS) components that were observed to be associated with an increase in uric acid levels were different between males and females, but overall, high uric acid levels increased MetS risk. Additionally, a significant increase in MetS-related odds ratio (OR) for components, including waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG) levels, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), was observed. However, differences between sexes were apparent, with a more pronounced increase in OR based on SUA levels in girls. Discussion SUA levels were closely associated with MetS and its components, even in nonobese subjects. Therefore, high SUA levels in children and young adolescents should be closely monitored to prevent MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zadarko-Domaradzka M, Sobolewski M, Zadarko E. Comparison of Several Anthropometric Indices Related to Body Fat in Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School-Aged Children-A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6226. [PMID: 37834868 PMCID: PMC10573168 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Body fat (BF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are important health markers that ought to be considered in screening exams. The aim of this study was to assess the value of six indicators, i.e., tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), relative fat mass (RFM), waist-BMI ratio, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) in predicting CRF in school-aged children. The analysis was based on the data coming from the examination of 190 children participating in school physical education (PE) classes. Their body weight (BW) and height (BH), waist and hip circumference (WC; HC) and percentage of body fat (%BF) were measured; the CRF test was performed with the use of the 20 m shuttle run test (20 mSRT); peak heart rate (HRpeak) was measured; TMI, relative fat mass pediatric (RFMp), waist-BMI ratio, WHtR, BMI and WHR were calculated. Statistical analysis was mainly conducted using regression models. The developed regression models, with respect to the sex and age of the children, revealed RFMp as the strongest CRF indicator (R2 = 51.1%) and WHR as well as waist-BMI ratio as the weakest ones (R2 = 39.2% and R2 = 40.5%, respectively). In predicting CRF in school-aged children, RFMp turned out to be comparable to body fat percentage obtained by means of the bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (R2 = 50.3%), and as such it can be used as a simple screening measure in prophylactic exams of school children. All of these models were statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zadarko-Domaradzka
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Department of Quantitative Methods Rzeszow, University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Emilian Zadarko
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zadarko-Domaradzka M, Sobolewski M, Nizioł-Babiarz E, Barabasz Z, Warchoł K, Niewczas-Czarna K, Zadarko E. An Investigation of the Utility of Waist Circumference Predicting Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20010851. [PMID: 36613173 PMCID: PMC9820009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The early identification of modifiable risk factors and their monitoring, also within school physical education (PE) classes, are becoming indispensable in the context of public health. The aim of this study was to test whether making use of waist circumference (WC) measurements increases the possibility of predicting the results of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in school-age children, as compared with body mass index (BMI) and other somatic indicators related to body fat. The cross-sectional study covered 190 children aged 10 to 15 years, participating in school PE classes. Body height (BH), body weight (BW), WC, hip circumference (HC) and percentage of body fat (BF%) were measured. BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated, and a CRF test was performed by means of a 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT). The peak heart rate (HRpeak) of the children was also measured. The regression model that was developed showed that WC (R2 = 47.1%), beyond BF% (R2 = 50.3%) and WHtR (R2 = 50.0%), was a useful measure of CRF, and stronger than BMI (R2 = 45.8%) or WHR (R2 = 39.2%). The risk of obtaining the CRF result classified below a good level (below the percentile range of P60-P80) was significantly higher in children with a larger WC (odds ratio (OR) for the WC change of 1 cm equals 1.14 (95% CI: 1.09-1.20; p < 0.001)). The simplicity of measuring WC and the possibility of using this measurement in the calculation of WHtR with reference to CRF indicate its usefulness in the prophylactic exams of school children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zadarko-Domaradzka
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Sobolewski
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Nizioł-Babiarz
- Department of Physical Education, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Barabasz
- Department of Physical Education, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Warchoł
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Niewczas-Czarna
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Emilian Zadarko
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seo YJ, Shim YS, Lee HS, Hwang JS. Updated reference ranges for aminotransferase levels of Korean children and young adolescents based on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15739. [PMID: 36131081 PMCID: PMC9492680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the reference values of liver enzymes based on cardiometabolic risks among children and adolescents using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 8091 subjects aged 10-18 years were included from the data from 2007-2017. Overall, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the AST/ALT ratio varied with sex and age. AST levels tended to decrease with age, but ALT levels had a U-shaped curve, which resulted in a gradual increase in the AST/ALT ratio after age 13. The prevalence of MetS was strongly associated with elevated AST or ALT and a decreased AST/ALT ratio. The prevalence ratios of the development of MetS were also elevated in groups with high levels of AST and ALT and a low AST/ALT ratio. Particularly in the combined ALT and AST/ALT analyses, borderline-high levels also showed a high prevalence ratio of MetS. Liver enzymes were also involved in the increase in the adjusted mean values for each risk factor for MetS. Here, we provided updated reference values for liver enzymes based on the analysis between population-based data and cardiometabolic risk factors; AST, ALT and the AST/ALT ratio might be useful in the early diagnosis and treatment of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, 77 Sakju-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24253, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Baran R, Baran J, Leszczak J, Bejer A, Wyszyńska J. Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Factors Influencing the Body Mass Composition of School-Age Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811261. [PMID: 36141532 PMCID: PMC9517388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the components of overweight, obesity, and body mass components among children aged 7 to 13 years against important sociodemographic factors. The analyses considered 315 school-age children from 7 to 13 years of age (164 boys and 151 girls). Each subject was assessed for body weight and height, body weight category, and main sociodemographic factors. Body mass components of body mass (body-fat percentage (BFP), muscle tissue, fat-free mass (FFM), and total body water (TBW) levels) were evaluated using the electrical bioimpedance method (BIA) and the TANITA 780 MC analyzer. A statistical analysis showed significant differences between the body composition of children living in cities in relation to children living in small towns and villages, and no significant differences were found between the results of children living in small towns and children living in villages. The presence of statistically significant differences between the values of the parameters of body composition of the studied children was demonstrated depending on the level of education of their fathers. The presence of statistically significant relationships between BMI of mothers and BFP of their children (p = 0.003), FFM (p = 0.003), muscle tissue (p = 0.001), and TBW (p = 0.001) has been demonstrated. The higher content of adipose tissue in children is strongly dependent on the higher BMI and body mass category of the mother, as well as the lower level of education of the father. The place of residence also significantly affects both the body fat content and the total body water content of body hydration. Living in the city is associated with better body composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Baran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- SOLUTION-Statistical Analysis, 35-120 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Joanna Baran
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Leszczak
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bejer
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Wyszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Natural and Medical Center for Innovative Research, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bajpai A. Waist-to-Height Ratio-The New Body Mass Index? Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:849-850. [PMID: 35583630 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Bajpai
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Regency Center for Diabetes Endocrinology & Research, Regency City Clinic, Opposite PPN Market, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208001, India.
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Jesus VS, da Conceição Nascimento Costa M, de Camargo CL, Trad LAB, Nery JS. Hypertension in Quilombola children and adolescents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28991. [PMID: 35356905 PMCID: PMC10684181 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT To determine the prevalence of prehypertension (PH) and hypertension (AH) in quilombola children and adolescents, as well as to analyze sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics.Prevalence study conducted in random samples of quilombola children and adolescents from 06 to 19 years of age, in remaining quilombo communities in Cachoeira-Bahia. Identification, sociodemographic, behavioral, anthropometric, and blood pressure (BP) data were used. Descriptive analyses of the variables of interest were performed based on absolute (N) and included frequencies (percentage, prevalence). Pearson's Chi-square (χ2) and Fisher Exact tests determined possible differences.Of the 668 participants, 54.3% were children, 51.2% were male, and 29.4% presented alterations in BP. PH and AH were found in 12.7% and 14.3% of the children, respectively; for adolescents, these values were 12.5% and 15.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the prevalence of AH in the 2 population groups, nor between the PH measurements. Most families reported a low socioeconomic status. Among children, 6.6% were underweight, 14.6% were overweight, 10.7% were obese, 12.7% presented a Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) > 0.5; 70.1% were inactive and 88.4% had a sedentary lifestyle; 5.6% of the adolescents were underweight, 12.8% were overweight, 9.2% were obese, 11.5% presented a WHtR > 0.5; 78% were inactive and 92.1% had a sedentary lifestyle. Normotensive children and adolescents, and those with alterations in BP differed only in terms of the Body Mass Index (P = .007) and WHtR (P < .001). The consumption of unhealthy foods was high.The high prevalence of PH and AH, as well as of exposure to potential risk factors for AH in quilombola children and adolescents, reveals a worrisome situation, and demands further studies to identify risk factors for this disease and the need for interventions beyond the health sector, especially as regards disease prevention and control in the early stages of life, aiming to reduce its prevalence as adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Silva de Jesus
- Correspondence: Viviane Silva de Jesus, Rua do Comércio, 430, Centauro, Eunápolis, Bahia, Brazil, CEP 45821-200 (e-mail: ).
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Woldu MA, Minzi O, Engidawork E. Dyslipidemia and associated cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients visiting ambulatory clinics: A hospital-based study. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 11:20480040221114651. [PMID: 35898404 PMCID: PMC9309774 DOI: 10.1177/20480040221114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD),
accounting for more than half of all instances of coronary artery disease
globally (CAD). Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine lipid-related cardiovascular risks
in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals by evaluating lipid profiles,
ratios, and other related parameters. Methods A hospital-based study was carried out from January 2019 to February 2021 in
both HIV + and HIV- ambulatory patients. Results High TG (p = .003), high TC (p = .025), and low HDL (p < .001) were all
associated with a two-fold increased risk of CVD in people aged 45 and up.
Due to higher TG (p < .001) and lower HDL (p < .001), males were found
to have a higher risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia. A twofold increase in the
likelihood of higher TG levels has been associated with smoking (p = .032)
and alcohol intake (p = .022). A twofold increase in a high TC/HDL ratio and
an elevated TG/HDL ratio was observed with an increase in waist-to-height
ratio (p = .030) and a high level of FBS (126 mg/dl) and/or validated
diabetes (p = .017), respectively. In HIV + participants, central obesity
(p < .001), diabetes (p < .001), and high blood pressure (p < .001)
were all less common than in HIV- participants. Conclusions Dyslipidemia is linked to advanced age, male gender, diabetes, smoking,
alcohol consumption, and increased waist circumference, all of which could
lead to an increased risk of CVD, according to the study. The study also
revealed that the risks are less common in HIV + people than in HIV-negative
ambulatory patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyahil A Woldu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (www.muhas.ac.tz), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University (www.aad.edu.et), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Omary Minzi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (www.muhas.ac.tz), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University (www.aad.edu.et), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|