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Yang Z, Liu S, Wei F, Hu J. The effects of Qingchang Ligan formula on hepatic encephalopathy in mouse model: results from gut microbiome-metabolomics analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1381209. [PMID: 39220284 PMCID: PMC11362135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1381209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological disorder resulting from advanced liver injury. HE has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of HE is still unclear, which has led to the lack of a satisfactory specific treatment method. There is increasing evidence that the intestinal flora affects the communication between the gut and the brain in the pathogenesis of HE. Adjusting the intestinal flora has had a beneficial effect on HE in recent studies, and the Qingchang Ligan formula (QCLG) has been shown in previous studies to regulate intestinal flora and metabolites. In this study, we established a thioacetamide-induced HE mouse model to evaluate the protective effect of QCLG on HE and explore its potential mechanism, which also demonstrated that intestinal flora dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of HE. Methods Mice were intraperitoneally injected with thioacetamide (TAA, 150 mg/kg) to induce HE. Additionally, they were orally administered Qingchang Ligan Formula (QCLG) at a dose of 6.725 g/kg·d for seven days, while control mice received an equal volume of saline via gavage. Subsequently, samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Result QCLG improved weight loss, cognitive impairment, neurological function scores, blood ammonia, and brain gene expression of interleukin-6 (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by HE. Moreover, QCLG increased the levels of liver function indicators, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. 16S RNA sequencing revealed increased Oscillibacter, Colidextribacter, and Helicobacter in TAA-induced mouse fecal samples. Also, the abundance of Bifidobacterium decreases TAA-induced mouse fecal samples. In contrast, QCLG treatment significantly restored the gut microbial community. Metabolomics indicated significant differences in some metabolites among the normal control, treatment, and model groups, including 5-methoxytryptophan, Daidzein, Stercobilin, and Plumieride (PLU). Conclusion QCLG can alleviate neuroinflammation and prevent HE caused by liver injury by regulating intestinal flora in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Yang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Wei
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Pan X, Su W, Wang Z, Jin X, Chen Z, Jin H, Chen H. Correlations between Immunoinflammatory Factor Levels and Cognitive Functions and Brain Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features among Patients with Primary Schizophrenia. ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 52:464-473. [PMID: 39129687 PMCID: PMC11319761 DOI: 10.62641/aep.v52i4.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with significant cognitive impairment. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia remain unclear. Based on the latest concept of cognition, immunoinflammatory factors and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) features of the brain are considered markers of schizophrenia. This study explored the correlations between cognitive function and immunoinflammatory factors and sMRI in primary schizophrenia patients. METHODS Non-interventional cross-sectional study was conducted, including 21 patients with primary schizophrenia, who were identified based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) and grouped under the observation group. Thirty healthy volunteers with age, gender, hand dominance, and education duration matched with those of the primary schizophrenia patients were recruited to the control group. All subjects underwent sMRI examination. MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) was employed to assess the cognitive functions among patients with primary schizophrenia. The levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the correlation between immunoinflammatory factor levels and cognitive functions as well as brain sMRI features. RESULTS The scores for all MCCB items and the total score for the observation group were apparently lower than those for the control group (p < 0.001), while the YKL-40 and SAA levels were notably higher in the observation group (t = 3.406, p < 0.05; t = 5.656, p < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the observation group exhibited reduced volumes of left and right insular lobes, left and right anterior cingulate cortexes, left and right hippocampi, right parahippocampal gyrus, right amygdala, left inferior occipital lobe, left superior temporal lobe, left temporal pole, and left middle and inferior temporal lobes (p < 0.001). The levels of YKL-40 and SAA were both negatively correlated with MCCB score (r = -0.3668, p = 0.004; r = -0.8495, p < 0.001). The volumes of right insular lobe, left and right anterior cingulate cortexes, right parahippocampal gyrus, right amygdala, and gray matter in left middle temporal lobe were all negatively correlated with the levels of YKL-40 and SAA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Cognitive impairment in patients with primary schizophrenia is associated with increased serum SAA and YKL-40 levels and decreased gray matter volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xilong Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zinan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiying Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haizhi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, 313000 Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Wang Y, Bi S, Li X, Zhong Y, Qi D. Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in schizophrenia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306582. [PMID: 38959253 PMCID: PMC11221673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, complex and long-term psychiatric disorder with unclear etiology. Gut microbes influence the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis. Consequently, investigations of the relationship between gut microbes and schizophrenia are warranted. This study involved 29 patients with schizophrenia and 30 age-matched normal controls. After 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we analyzed microbial diversity, composition, and function. According to 16S rRNA and metagenomic gene sequencing results, patients with schizophrenia had higher abundances of Clostridium and Megasphaera. Functional analysis showed that sphingolipid, phosphonates and phosphinates, as well as glutamine metabolism were associated with the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. Our data suggest that the gut microbiota exerts an effect on patients with schizophrenia, providing valuable insights into the potential regulation of in the context of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiMeng Wang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - SiGuo Bi
- Clinical Lab, Hulunbuir Third People’s Hospital (Hulunbuir Mental Health Center), Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - XiaoLong Li
- Clinical Lab, Hulunbuir Third People’s Hospital (Hulunbuir Mental Health Center), Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - YuTao Zhong
- Clinical Lab, Hulunbuir Third People’s Hospital (Hulunbuir Mental Health Center), Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - DongDong Qi
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Clinical Lab, Hulunbuir Third People’s Hospital (Hulunbuir Mental Health Center), Yakeshi, Inner Mongolia, China
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Mosquera FEC, Guevara-Montoya MC, Serna-Ramirez V, Liscano Y. Neuroinflammation and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies through Psychobiotics, Nanotechnology, and Artificial Intelligence (AI). J Pers Med 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38673018 PMCID: PMC11051547 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, underscores the urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent insights into the role of neuroinflammation, the gut-brain axis, and the microbiota in schizophrenia pathogenesis have paved the way for the exploration of psychobiotics as a novel treatment avenue. These interventions, targeting the gut microbiome, offer a promising approach to ameliorating psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, advancements in artificial intelligence and nanotechnology are set to revolutionize psychobiotic development and application, promising to enhance their production, precision, and effectiveness. This interdisciplinary approach heralds a new era in schizophrenia management, potentially transforming patient outcomes and offering a beacon of hope for those afflicted by this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yamil Liscano
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Integral (GISI), Departamento Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia; (F.E.C.M.); (M.C.G.-M.); (V.S.-R.)
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Liang L, Li S, Huang Y, Zhou J, Xiong D, Li S, Li H, Zhu B, Li X, Ning Y, Hou X, Wu F, Wu K. Relationships among the gut microbiome, brain networks, and symptom severity in schizophrenia patients: A mediation analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103567. [PMID: 38271852 PMCID: PMC10835015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA) plays a critical role in schizophrenia (SZ). However, the underlying mechanisms of the interactions among the gut microbiome, brain networks, and symptom severity in SZ patients remain largely unknown. Fecal samples, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were collected from 38 SZ patients and 38 normal controls, respectively. The data of 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to analyze the abundance of gut microbiome and the analysis of human brain networks was applied to compute the nodal properties of 90 brain regions. A total of 1,691,280 mediation models were constructed based on 261 gut bacterial, 810 nodal properties, and 4 PANSS scores in SZ patients. A strong correlation between the gut microbiome and brain networks (r = 0.89, false discovery rate (FDR) -corrected p < 0.05) was identified. Importantly, the PANSS scores were linearly correlated with both the gut microbiome (r = 0.5, FDR-corrected p < 0.05) and brain networks (r = 0.59, FDR-corrected p < 0.05). The abundance of genus Sellimonas significantly affected the PANSS negative scores of SZ patients via the betweenness centrality of white matter networks in the inferior frontal gyrus and amygdala. Moreover, 19 significant mediation models demonstrated that the nodal properties of 7 brain regions, predominately from the systems of visual, language, and control of action, showed significant mediating effects on the PANSS scores with the gut microbiome as mediators. Together, our findings indicated the tripartite relationships among the gut microbiome, brain networks, and PANSS scores and suggested their potential role in the neuropathology of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Shijia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaochuan Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Realmeta Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Xiaohui Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Xenaki LA, Dimitrakopoulos S, Selakovic M, Stefanis N. Stress, Environment and Early Psychosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:437-460. [PMID: 37592817 PMCID: PMC10845077 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230817153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing literature provides extended evidence of the close relationship between stress dysregulation, environmental insults, and psychosis onset. Early stress can sensitize genetically vulnerable individuals to future stress, modifying their risk for developing psychotic phenomena. Neurobiological substrate of the aberrant stress response to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, disrupted inflammation processes, oxidative stress increase, gut dysbiosis, and altered brain signaling, provides mechanistic links between environmental risk factors and the development of psychotic symptoms. Early-life and later-life exposures may act directly, accumulatively, and repeatedly during critical neurodevelopmental time windows. Environmental hazards, such as pre- and perinatal complications, traumatic experiences, psychosocial stressors, and cannabis use might negatively intervene with brain developmental trajectories and disturb the balance of important stress systems, which act together with recent life events to push the individual over the threshold for the manifestation of psychosis. The current review presents the dynamic and complex relationship between stress, environment, and psychosis onset, attempting to provide an insight into potentially modifiable factors, enhancing resilience and possibly influencing individual psychosis liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida-Alkisti Xenaki
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dimitrakopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Mirjana Selakovic
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Nikos Stefanis
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
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7
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Ling Z, Cheng Y, Liu X, Yan X, Wu L, Shao L, Gao J, Lei W, Song Q, Zhao L, Jin G. Altered oral microbiota and immune dysfunction in Chinese elderly patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:383. [PMID: 38071192 PMCID: PMC10710460 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric neurodevelopmental disorder with uncertain etiology and pathogenesis. Increasing evidence has recognized the key role of the gut microbiota in SZ. However, few studies have investigated the potential link between oral microbiota and SZ. We studied the tongue coating microbiota and inflammatory profiles of 118 elderly SZ patients and 97 age-matched healthy controls using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and multiplex immunoassays, respectively. Reduced α-diversity, along with a significant difference in β-diversity, were observed in patients with SZ. We have identified SZ-associated oral dysbiosis, characterized by increased Streptococcus and Fusobacterium, as well as decreased Prevotella and Veillonella. These differential genera could potentially serve as biomarkers for SZ, either alone or in combination. Additionally, an elevated Streptococcus/Prevotella ratio could indicate oral dysbiosis. These differential genera formed two distinct clusters: Streptococcus-dominated and Prevotella-dominated, which exhibited different correlations with the altered immunological profiles. Furthermore, we also observed disruptions in the inferred microbiota functions in SZ-associated microbiota, particularly in lipid and amino acid metabolism. Our study provides novel insights into the characteristics of tongue coating microbiota and its associations with immunological disturbances in elderly SZ patients, which offer new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of SZ in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingbin Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Shao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, 310015, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Lei
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, 250000, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guolin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, 323000, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Mo Z, Wang J, Meng X, Li A, Li Z, Que W, Wang T, Tarnue KF, Ma X, Liu Y, Yan S, Wu L, Zhang R, Pei J, Wang X. The Dose-Response Effect of Fluoride Exposure on the Gut Microbiome and Its Functional Pathways in Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:1159. [PMID: 37999254 PMCID: PMC10672837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic activities within the gut microbiome are intimately linked to human health and disease, especially within the context of environmental exposure and its potential ramifications. Perturbations within this microbiome, termed "gut microbiome perturbations", have emerged as plausible intermediaries in the onset or exacerbation of diseases following environmental chemical exposures, with fluoride being a compound of particular concern. Despite the well-documented adverse impacts of excessive fluoride on various human physiological systems-ranging from skeletal to neurological-the nuanced dynamics between fluoride exposure, the gut microbiome, and the resulting dose-response relationship remains a scientific enigma. Leveraging the precision of 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, this study meticulously examines the ramifications of diverse fluoride concentrations on the gut microbiome's composition and functional capabilities within Wistar rats. Our findings indicate a profound shift in the intestinal microbial composition following fluoride exposure, marked by a dose-dependent modulation in the abundance of key genera, including Pelagibacterium, Bilophila, Turicibacter, and Roseburia. Moreover, discernible alterations were observed in critical functional and metabolic pathways of the microbiome, such as D-lyxose ketol-isomerase and DNA polymerase III subunit gamma/tau, underscoring the broad-reaching implications of fluoride exposure. Intriguingly, correlation analyses elucidated strong associations between specific bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs) and these shifted metabolic pathways. In essence, fluoride exposure not only perturbs the compositional equilibrium of the gut microbiota but also instigates profound shifts in its metabolic landscape. These intricate alterations may provide a mechanistic foundation for understanding fluoride's potential toxicological effects mediated via gut microbiome modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Mo
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xinyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ailin Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Wenjun Que
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Korto Fatti Tarnue
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Shirui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Junrui Pei
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & National Health Commission (23618504), Institute for Fluorosis Disease Control, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (Z.M.); (J.W.); (X.M.); (A.L.); (Z.L.); (W.Q.); (T.W.); (K.F.T.); (X.M.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (L.W.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
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9
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Bianconi I, Aschbacher R, Pagani E. Current Uses and Future Perspectives of Genomic Technologies in Clinical Microbiology. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1580. [PMID: 37998782 PMCID: PMC10668849 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in sequencing technology and data analytics have led to a transformative era in pathogen detection and typing. These developments not only expedite the process, but also render it more cost-effective. Genomic analyses of infectious diseases are swiftly becoming the standard for pathogen analysis and control. Additionally, national surveillance systems can derive substantial benefits from genomic data, as they offer profound insights into pathogen epidemiology and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global public health issue. While clinical laboratories have traditionally relied on culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the integration of genomic data into AMR analysis holds immense promise. Genomic-based AMR data can furnish swift, consistent, and highly accurate predictions of resistance phenotypes for specific strains or populations, all while contributing invaluable insights for surveillance. Moreover, genome sequencing assumes a pivotal role in the investigation of hospital outbreaks. It aids in the identification of infection sources, unveils genetic connections among isolates, and informs strategies for infection control. The One Health initiative, with its focus on the intricate interconnectedness of humans, animals, and the environment, seeks to develop comprehensive approaches for disease surveillance, control, and prevention. When integrated with epidemiological data from surveillance systems, genomic data can forecast the expansion of bacterial populations and species transmissions. Consequently, this provides profound insights into the evolution and genetic relationships of AMR in pathogens, hosts, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bianconi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Provincial Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversitätvia Amba Alagi 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (R.A.); (E.P.)
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10
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Huang H, Cheng S, Yang X, Liu L, Cheng B, Meng P, Pan C, Wen Y, Jia Y, Liu H, Zhang F. Dissecting the Association between Gut Microbiota and Brain Structure Change Rate: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4227. [PMID: 37836511 PMCID: PMC10574136 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The connection between the gut microbiota and brain structure changes is still unclear. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the bidirectional causality between the gut microbiota (211 taxa, including 131 genera, 35 families, 20 orders, 16 classes and 9 phyla; N = 18,340 individuals) and age-independent/dependent longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan (N = 15,640 individuals aged 4~99 years). We identified causal associations between the gut microbiota and age-independent/dependent longitudinal changes in brain structure, such as family Peptostreptococcaceae with age-independent longitudinal changes of cortical gray matter (GM) volume and genus Faecalibacterium with age-independent average cortical thickness and cortical GM volume. Taking age-independent longitudinal changes in brain structure across the lifespan as exposures, there were causal relationships between the surface area and genus Lachnospiraceae. Our findings may serve as fundamentals for further research on the genetic mechanisms and biological treatment of complex traits and diseases associated with the gut microbiota and the brain structure change rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710003, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (S.C.); (X.Y.); (L.L.); (B.C.); (P.M.); (C.P.); (Y.W.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
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11
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Yoshida M, Funasaka Y, Saeki H, Yamamoto M, Kanda N. Dietary Fiber Inulin Improves Murine Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14197. [PMID: 37762500 PMCID: PMC10531541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease with interleukin (IL)-17-dominated inflammation and hyperproliferation of epidermis. Dietary fiber is fermented by the gut microbiome into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that manifest anti-inflammatory effects. We examined if feeding with an inulin-enriched high-fiber diet (HFD) might improve topical imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis in mice. HFD reduced thickening and total severity scores of imiquimod-induced dermatitis and reduced epidermal thickness, inflammatory infiltrates, including Ly6G+ neutrophils, and epidermal Ki67+ proliferating cells. HFD reduced mRNA levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CXCL1, CXCL2, and keratin 16 and increased those of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A in imiquimod-induced dermatitis. In 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiome, imiquimod increased relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, while HFD increased that of phylum Bacteroidota and genus Bacteroides. HFD increased serum and fecal concentrations of SCFA propionate. Oral propionate reduced inflammatory infiltrates and epidermal Ki67+ cells and reduced mRNA levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17C, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, CCL20 and increased those of TGF-β1and IL-10 in imiquimod-indued dermatitis. Dietary inulin supplementation improves imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis partially via propionate, and may be a promising adjunctive therapy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Yoshida
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo City 113-8602, Tokyo, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Yoko Funasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo City 113-8602, Tokyo, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Hidehisa Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo City 113-8602, Tokyo, Japan; (M.Y.); (Y.F.); (H.S.)
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino 180-8602, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai 270-1694, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan AS, O’Connor K. Compositional and Functional Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Psychosis or Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1239-1255. [PMID: 37210594 PMCID: PMC10483467 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Intestinal microbiota is intrinsically linked to human health. Evidence suggests that the composition and function of the microbiome differs in those with schizophrenia compared with controls. It is not clear how these alterations functionally impact people with schizophrenia. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to combine and evaluate data on compositional and functional alterations in microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Original studies involving humans and animals were included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Cochrane were systematically searched and quantitative analysis performed. STUDY RESULTS Sixteen original studies met inclusion criteria (1376 participants: 748 cases and 628 controls). Ten were included in the meta-analysis. Although observed species and Chao 1 show a decrease in diversity in people with schizophrenia compared with controls (SMD = -0.14 and -0.66 respectively), that did not reach statistical significance. We did not find evidence for variations in richness or evenness of microbiota between patients and controls overall. Differences in beta diversity and consistent patterns in microbial taxa were noted across studies. We found increases in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera in schizophrenia groups. Variations in brain structure, metabolic pathways, and symptom severity may be associated with compositional alterations in the microbiome. The heterogeneous design of studies complicates a similar evaluation of functional readouts. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome may play a role in the etiology and symptomatology of schizophrenia. Understanding how the implications of alterations in microbial genes for symptomatic expression and clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ali S Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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13
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Yang JC, Troutman R, Buri H, Gutta A, Situ J, Aja E, Jacobs JP. Ileal Dysbiosis Is Associated with Increased Acoustic Startle in the 22q11.2 Microdeletion Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3631. [PMID: 37630824 PMCID: PMC10458577 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies involving transplantation of feces from schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and their healthy controls into germ-free mice have demonstrated that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in mediating SCZ-linked physiology and behavior. To date, only one animal model (a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 knockout) of SCZ has been reported to recapitulate SCZ-linked gut dysbiosis. Since human 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is associated with increased risk of SCZ, we investigated whether the 22q11.2 microdeletion ("Q22") mouse model of SCZ exhibits both SCZ-linked behaviors and intestinal dysbiosis. We demonstrated that Q22 mice display increased acoustic startle response and ileal (but not colonic) dysbiosis, which may be due to the role of the ileum as an intestinal region with high immune and neuroimmune activity. We additionally identified a negative correlation between the abundance of a Streptococcus species in the ilea of Q22 mice and their acoustic startle response, providing early evidence of a gut-brain relationship in these mice. Given the translational relevance of this mouse model, our work suggests that Q22 mice could have considerable utility in preclinical research probing the relationship between gut dysbiosis and the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Ching Yang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Ryan Troutman
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Heidi Buri
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Arjun Gutta
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Jamilla Situ
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Ezinne Aja
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Patrick Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (J.C.Y.); (R.T.); (H.B.); (A.G.); (J.S.); (E.A.)
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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14
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Ağagündüz D, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Bingöl FG, Özenir Ç, Özoğul F, Capasso R. Probiotics, Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), and Gut-Brain Axis Related Psychological Conditions: Implications for Research and Dietetics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1014-1031. [PMID: 37222849 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that probiotics have key roles in the crosstalk between the gut and brain in terms of nutrition and health. However, when investigating their role in nutrition and health, it can be important to discriminate probiotics used as foods, food supplements, or drugs. For clarification of this terminology, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a new "live biotherapeutic products" (LBP) category, expressing pharmaceutical expectations and to reduce confusion in the literature. Growing evidence advises that the community of microorganisms found in the gut microbiota is associated with psychological conditions. Hence, it is thought that LBPs may positively affect depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia by reducing inflammation, improving gut microbiota, and balancing gut neurometabolites. This review focuses on the specific position of probiotics as LBPs in psychological conditions. Condition-specific potential pathways and mechanisms of LBPs and the prominent strains are discussed in the light of novel studies for future research, dietetic and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey.
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Özge Cemali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
| | - Feray Gençer Bingöl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, Burdur, 15030, Turkey
| | - Çiler Özenir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, Merkez, Kırıkkale, 71100, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Balcali, Adana, 01330, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
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15
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Xiong RG, Li J, Cheng J, Zhou DD, Wu SX, Huang SY, Saimaiti A, Yang ZJ, Gan RY, Li HB. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components. Nutrients 2023; 15:3258. [PMID: 37513676 PMCID: PMC10384867 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Gu Xiong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Jin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Xia Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
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16
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Sree Kumar H, Wisner AS, Refsnider JM, Martyniuk CJ, Zubcevic J. Small fish, big discoveries: zebrafish shed light on microbial biomarkers for neuro-immune-cardiovascular health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1186645. [PMID: 37324381 PMCID: PMC10267477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1186645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful model to study the gut microbiome in the context of human conditions, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and immune dysfunction. Here, we highlight zebrafish as a tool to bridge the gap in knowledge in linking the gut microbiome and physiological homeostasis of cardiovascular, neural, and immune systems, both independently and as an integrated axis. Drawing on zebrafish studies to date, we discuss challenges in microbiota transplant techniques and gnotobiotic husbandry practices. We present advantages and current limitations in zebrafish microbiome research and discuss the use of zebrafish in identification of microbial enterotypes in health and disease. We also highlight the versatility of zebrafish studies to further explore the function of human conditions relevant to gut dysbiosis and reveal novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemaa Sree Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Alexander S. Wisner
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center for Drug Design and Development, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jeanine M. Refsnider
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, OH, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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17
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Sabit H, Kassab A, Alaa D, Mohamed S, Abdel-Ghany S, Mansy M, Said OA, Khalifa MA, Hafiz H, Abushady AM. The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4080-4099. [PMID: 37232729 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases may entail disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic pathways. Variations in how these effects present themselves may be connected to individual variances in clinical symptoms and treatment responses, such as the observation that a significant fraction of participants do not respond to current antipsychotic drugs. A bidirectional signaling pathway between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The large and small intestines contain more than 100 trillion microbial cells, contributing to the intestinal ecosystem's incredible complexity. Interactions between the microbiota and intestinal epithelium can alter brain physiology and affect mood and behavior. There has recently been a focus on how these relationships impact mental health. According to evidence, intestinal microbiota may play a role in neurological and mental illnesses. Intestinal metabolites of microbial origin, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and bacterial components that might stimulate the host's immune system, are mentioned in this review. We aim to shed some on the growing role of gut microbiota in inducing/manipulating several psychiatric disorders, which may pave the way for novel microbiota-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sabit
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Areej Kassab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Donia Alaa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaza Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansy
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Said
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mona A Khalifa
- Faculty of Art and Science, Samtah, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halah Hafiz
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Factually of Applied Medical Science, Umm Alqura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Abushady
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza 41516, Egypt
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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18
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Amdanee N, Shao M, Hu X, Fang X, Zhou C, Chen J, Ridwan Chattun M, Wen L, Pan X, Zhang X, Xu Y. Serum Metabolic Profile in Schizophrenia Patients With Antipsychotic-Induced Constipation and Its relationship With Gut Microbiome. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:646-658. [PMID: 36723169 PMCID: PMC10154739 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Antipsychotics (APs), the cornerstone of schizophrenia treatment, confer a relatively high risk of constipation. However, the mechanisms underpinning AP-induced constipation are poorly understood. Thus, we hypothesized that (1) schizophrenia patients with AP-induced constipation have distinct metabolic patterns; (2) there is more than one mechanism at play in producing this adverse drug effect; and (3) AP-associated changes in the gut microbiome are related to the altered metabolic profiles. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-eight schizophrenia patients, including 44 with constipation (C) and 44 matched patients without constipation (NC), were enrolled in this study. Constipation was diagnosed by Rome IV criteria for constipation and colonic transit time using radiopaque markers (ROMs) while severity was evaluated with the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSS) and Constipation Assessment Scale (CAS). Fasting blood samples were drawn from all participants and were subjected to non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic analysis. STUDY RESULTS Eleven metabolites were significantly altered in AP-induced constipation which primarily disturbed sphingolipid metabolism, choline metabolism, and sphingolipid signaling pathway (P value < .05, FDR < 0.05). In the C group, changes in the gut bacteria showed a certain degree of correlation with 2 of the significantly altered serum metabolites and were associated with alterations in choline metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that there were disturbances in distinct metabolic pathways that were associated with AP-induced constipation. In addition, this study presents evidence of a link between alterations in the gut microbiome and host metabolism which provides additional mechanistic insights on AP-induced constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousayhah Amdanee
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Shao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxiu Hu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Ridwan Chattun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinming Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People’s Hospital of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Jensen SB, Sheikh MA, Akkouh IA, Szabo A, O’Connell KS, Lekva T, Engh JA, Agartz I, Elvsåshagen T, Ormerod MBEG, Weibell MA, Johnsen E, Kroken RA, Melle I, Drange OK, Nærland T, Vaaler AE, Westlye LT, Aukrust P, Djurovic S, Eiel Steen N, Andreassen OA, Ueland T. Elevated Systemic Levels of Markers Reflecting Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammasome Activation Are Correlated in Severe Mental Illness. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:635-645. [PMID: 36462169 PMCID: PMC10154716 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Gut microbiota alterations have been reported in severe mental illness (SMI) but fewer studies have probed for signs of gut barrier disruption and inflammation. We hypothesized that gut leakage of microbial products due to intestinal inflammation could contribute to systemic inflammasome activation in SMI. STUDY DESIGN We measured plasma levels of the chemokine CCL25 and soluble mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (sMAdCAM-1) as markers of T cell homing, adhesion and inflammation in the gut, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) as markers of bacterial translocation and gut barrier dysfunction, in a large SMI cohort (n = 567) including schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 389) and affective disorder (AFF, n = 178), relative to healthy controls (HC, n = 418). We assessed associations with plasma IL-18 and IL-18BPa and leukocyte mRNA expression of NLRP3 and NLRC4 as markers of inflammasome activation. STUDY RESULTS Our main findings were: (1) higher levels of sMAdCAM-1 (P = .002), I-FABP (P = 7.6E-11), CCL25 (P = 9.6E-05) and LBP (P = 2.6E-04) in SMI compared to HC in age, sex, BMI, CRP and freezer storage time adjusted analysis; (2) the highest levels of sMAdCAM-1 and CCL25 (both P = 2.6E-04) were observed in SCZ and I-FABP (P = 2.5E-10) and LBP (3) in AFF; and (3), I-FABP correlated with IL-18BPa levels and LBP correlated with NLRC4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that intestinal barrier inflammation and dysfunction in SMI could contribute to systemic inflammation through inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren B Jensen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mashhood A Sheikh
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim A Akkouh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O’Connell
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - John A Engh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica B E G Ormerod
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Melissa A Weibell
- Division of Psychiatry, Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Terje Nærland
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rare Disorders, Division of Child and Adolescent medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne E Vaaler
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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20
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Iseli GC, Ulrich S, Schmidt A. Elucidating gut microbiota-hippocampus interactions in emerging psychosis: A new perspective for the development of early interventions for memory impairments. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098019. [PMID: 37032923 PMCID: PMC10076719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal dysregulation might be a key pathophysiological factor for memory impairments in psychosis. Contemporary models particularly postulate that an imbalance of hippocampal glutamate and GABA leads to impaired memory and may thus serve as a therapeutic target to improve memory deficits. However, currently available interventions in early stages of psychosis do not explicitly target hippocampal pathology. A novel approach for manipulating hippocampus-dependent memory processes is provided via the gut microbiota. In this perspective article, we first recapitulate compelling evidence for emerging hippocampus pathology during the development of psychosis. The following sections emphasize the critical role of the gut microbiota in hippocampus plasticity and memory, and summarize existing evidence of gut microbiota alterations in different stages of psychosis. Finally, we propose a novel conceptual roadmap for future studies deciphering gut microbiota-hippocampus synergisms in emerging psychosis and argue that specific microbial supplementation might be promising for improving hippocampus-dependent memory deficits in early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Translational Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Wang D, Russel WA, Sun Y, Belanger KD, Ay A. Machine learning and network analysis of the gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric subject controls reveal behavioral risk factors and bacterial interactions. Schizophr Res 2023; 251:49-58. [PMID: 36577234 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have supported an association between deviations in gut microbiome composition and schizophrenia. However, the extent to which the gut microbiota contributes to schizophrenia remains unclear. Moreover, studies have yet to explore variations in ecological associations among bacterial types in subjects with schizophrenia, which can reveal differences in community interactions and gut stability. We examined the dataset collected by Nguyen et al. (2021) to investigate the similarities and differences in gut microbial constituents between 48 subjects with schizophrenia and 48 matched non-psychiatric comparison cases. We re-analyzed alpha- and beta-diversity differences and completed modified differential abundance analyses and confirmed the findings of Nguyen et al. (2021) that there was little variation in alpha-diversity but significant differences in beta-diversity between individuals with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric subjects. We also conducted mediation analysis, developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict schizophrenia, and completed network analysis to examine community-level interactions among bacterial taxa. Our study offers new insights, suggesting that the gut microbiome mediates the effects between schizophrenia and smoking status, BMI, anxiety score, and depression score. Our differential abundance and network analysis findings suggest that the differential abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae taxa fosters a decrease in stabilizing competitive interactions in the gut microbiome of subjects with schizophrenia. Loss of this competition may promote ecological instability and dysbiosis, altering gut-brain axis interactions in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - William A Russel
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | - Yuntong Sun
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
| | | | - Ahmet Ay
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA; Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA.
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22
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de Lara-Sánchez SS, Sánchez-Pérez AM. Probiotics Treatment Can Improve Cognition in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1173-1191. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the existence of the gut-brain axis and the impact of intestinal microbiota on brain function has received much attention. Accumulated evidence has prompted the postulation of the infectious hypothesis underlying or facilitating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Under this hypothesis, intervention with probiotics could be useful at a preventive and therapeutic level. Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to reveal a benefit of improved cognitive function following the use of probiotics in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: We searched bibliographic databases and analyzed in detail the evidence and methodological quality of five recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials using the Cochrane Tool and the SIGN checklist. Results: Overall, and with satisfactory methodological quality, the studies evaluated support the use of probiotics as a weapon to slow the progression of cognitive decline in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. The literature review also indicates that maximum benefit of probiotics is found in subjects with incipient cognitive dysfunction and has no effect in those with advanced disease or absence of disease. Conclusion: These results support the intervention with probiotics, especially as a preventive approach. However, caution is required in the interpretation of the results as microbiota has not been evaluated in all studies, and further large-scale research with a prolonged study period is necessary to ensure the translatability of the results into real practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana María Sánchez-Pérez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Jaume I. Avda Sos Banyat, s/n. Castellon, Spain
- Institute of Advances Materials (INAM), University Jaume I. Avda Sos Banyat, s/n. Castellon, Spain
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23
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Gut Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Closing Research Gaps through Female Inclusion in Study Design. WOMEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/women2030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors a densely populated community of microbes that exhibits sexual dimorphism. Dysbiosis of this community has been associated with chronic human disease states ranging from metabolic diseases to neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs). The gut microbiota–gut–brain axis (GMGBA) is a bi-directional pathway that facilitates the interaction of the gut microflora with host physiological functions. Recently, research surrounding the potential roles of the GMGBA in the development of NPDs (e.g., depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)) has increased. However, the role of the GMGBA in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an NPD that affects an estimated 8.4% of children (5.1% of female and 11.5% of male children) and 4% of adults (with a male–female odds ratio of 1.6) in the United States, remains understudied. Herein, we synthesize the current literature regarding the GMGBA, ADHD, and the potentially relevant intersections between the GMGBA and ADHD. Recommendations are presented for pathways of future research into the role(s) of the GMGBA in ADHD etiology and symptomatology. Particular focus is given to the potential for the variable of host sex to act as an outcome modifier of the relationship between the GMGBA and ADHD.
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24
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Song P, Wang Y, Yuan X, Wang S, Song X. Exploring Brain Structural and Functional Biomarkers in Schizophrenia via Brain-Network-Constrained Multi-View SCCA. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:879703. [PMID: 35794950 PMCID: PMC9252525 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.879703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have proved that dynamic regional measures extracted from the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, such as the dynamic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (d-fALFF), could provide a great insight into brain dynamic characteristics of the schizophrenia. However, the unimodal feature is limited for delineating the complex patterns of brain deficits. Thus, functional and structural imaging data are usually analyzed together for uncovering the neural mechanism of schizophrenia. Investigation of neural function-structure coupling enables to find the potential biomarkers and further helps to understand the biological basis of schizophrenia. Here, a brain-network-constrained multi-view sparse canonical correlation analysis (BN-MSCCA) was proposed to explore the intrinsic associations between brain structure and dynamic brain function. Specifically, the d-fALFF was first acquired based on the sliding window method, whereas the gray matter map was computed based on voxel-based morphometry analysis. Then, the region-of-interest (ROI)-based features were extracted and further selected by performing the multi-view sparse canonical correlation analysis jointly with the diagnosis information. Moreover, the brain-network-based structural constraint was introduced to prompt the detected biomarkers more interpretable. The experiments were conducted on 191 patients with schizophrenia and 191 matched healthy controls. Results showed that the BN-MSCCA could identify the critical ROIs with more sparse canonical weight patterns, which are corresponding to the specific brain networks. These are biologically meaningful findings and could be treated as the potential biomarkers. The proposed method also obtained a higher canonical correlation coefficient for the testing data, which is more consistent with the results on training data, demonstrating its promising capability for the association identification. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the potential clinical applications, the detected biomarkers were further analyzed on a schizophrenia-control classification task and a correlation analysis task. The experimental results showed that our method had a superior performance with a 5-8% increment in accuracy and 6-10% improvement in area under the curve. Furthermore, two of the top-ranked biomarkers were significantly negatively correlated with the positive symptom score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Overall, the proposed method could find the association between brain structure and dynamic brain function, and also help to identify the biological meaningful biomarkers of schizophrenia. The findings enable our further understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilun Song
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Ling Z, Jin G, Yan X, Cheng Y, Shao L, Song Q, Liu X, Zhao L. Fecal Dysbiosis and Immune Dysfunction in Chinese Elderly Patients With Schizophrenia: An Observational Study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:886872. [PMID: 35719348 PMCID: PMC9198589 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.886872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with largely unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is a vital player in SZ. However, the gut microbiota characteristics and its host response in elderly SZ patients are still not well understood. A total of 161 samples was collected, including 90 samples from elderly SZ patients and 71 samples from healthy controls. We explored the gut microbiota profiles targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq sequencing, and to analyze their associations with host immune response. Our data found that bacterial β-diversity analyses could divide the SZ patients and healthy controls into two different clusters. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified the compositional changes in SZ-associated bacteria, including Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Actinomyces, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella and so on. In addition, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β were greatly increased in SZ patients while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ were markedly decreased. Correlation analysis suggested that these bacteria contributed to immune disturbances in the host that could be used as non-invasive biomarkers to distinguish the SZ patients from healthy controls. Moreover, several predicted functional modules, including increased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, and decreased bile acid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis in SZ-associated microbiota, could be utilized by the bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites. This study, for the first time, demonstrated the structural and functional dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota in Chinese elderly SZ patients, suggesting the potential for using gut key functional bacteria for the early, non-invasive diagnosis of SZ, personalized treatment, and the development of tailor-made probiotics designed for Chinese elderly SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
| | - Guolin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Li Shao
- Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
| | - Longyou Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Zongxin Ling, ; Xia Liu, ; Longyou Zhao,
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Tsamakis K, Galinaki S, Alevyzakis E, Hortis I, Tsiptsios D, Kollintza E, Kympouropoulos S, Triantafyllou K, Smyrnis N, Rizos E. Gut Microbiome: A Brief Review on Its Role in Schizophrenia and First Episode of Psychosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061121. [PMID: 35744639 PMCID: PMC9227193 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence highlighting the role of gut microbiota as a biological basis of psychiatric disorders. The existing literature suggest that cognitive and emotional activities can be influenced by microbes through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and implies an association between alterations in the gut microbiome and several psychiatric conditions, such as autism, depression, bipolar disorder and psychosis. The aim of this review is to summarise recent findings and provide concise updates on the latest progress of the role of gut microbiota in the development and maintenance of psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenia and the first episode of psychosis. Despite the lack of consistent findings in regard to specific microbiome changes related to psychosis, the emerging literature reports significant differences in the gut microbiome of schizophrenic subjects compared to healthy controls and increasingly outlines the significance of an altered microbiome composition in the pathogenesis, development, symptom severity and prognosis of psychosis. Further human studies are, however, required, which should focus on identifying the drivers of microbiota changes in psychosis and establish the direction of causality between psychosis and microbiome alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London SE5 8AB, UK
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sofia Galinaki
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Evangelos Alevyzakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Ioannis Hortis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Neurology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Kollintza
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Stylianos Kympouropoulos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Attikon University General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece; (S.G.); (E.A.); (I.H.); (E.K.); (S.K.); (N.S.); (E.R.)
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Rentería I, García-Suárez PC, Moncada-Jiménez J, Machado-Parra JP, Antunes BM, Lira FS, Jiménez-Maldonado A. Unhealthy Dieting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Opinion Regarding the Harmful Effects on Brain Health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:876112. [PMID: 35571935 PMCID: PMC9097874 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.876112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2020, the world has been suffering from a pandemic that has affected thousands of people regardless of socio-economic conditions, forcing the population to adopt different strategies to prevent and control the advance of the disease, one of which is social distancing. Even though social distancing is a safe strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, it is also the cause of a rising sedentary behavior. This behavior develops an excess of fat tissue that leads to metabolic and inflammatory disruption related to chronic diseases and mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep issues. Furthermore, the adoption of dietary patterns involving the consumption of ultra-processed foods, higher in fats and sugars, and the reduction of fresh and healthy foods may play a role in the progress of the disease. In this perspective, we will discuss how an unhealthy diet can affect brain function and, consequently, be a risk factor for mental health diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Patricia Concepción García-Suárez
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
- Department of Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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29
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Lee SM, Milillo MM, Krause-Sorio B, Siddarth P, Kilpatrick L, Narr KL, Jacobs JP, Lavretsky H. Gut Microbiome Diversity and Abundance Correlate with Gray Matter Volume (GMV) in Older Adults with Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042405. [PMID: 35206594 PMCID: PMC8872347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the concept that bidirectional brain–gut microbiome interactions play an important mechanistic role in aging, as well as in various neuropsychiatric conditions including depression. Gray matter volume (GMV) deficits in limbic regions are widely observed in geriatric depression (GD). We therefore aimed to explore correlations between gut microbial measures and GMV within these regions in GD. Sixteen older adults (>60 years) with GD (37.5% female; mean age, 70.6 (SD = 5.7) years) were included in the study and underwent high-resolution T1-weighted structural MRI scanning and stool sample collection. GMV was extracted from bilateral regions of interest (ROI: hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens) and a control region (pericalcarine). Fecal microbiota composition and diversity were assessed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. There were significant positive associations between alpha diversity measures and GMV in both hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. Additionally, significant positive associations were present between hippocampal GMV and the abundance of genera Family_XIII_AD3011_group, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and Oscillibacter, as well as between amygdala GMV and the genera Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Oscillibacter. Gut microbiome may reflect brain health in geriatric depression. Future studies with larger samples and the experimental manipulation of gut microbiome may clarify the relationship between microbiome measures and neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Melanie Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (S.M.L.); (M.M.M.); (B.K.-S.); (P.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Michaela M. Milillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (S.M.L.); (M.M.M.); (B.K.-S.); (P.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (S.M.L.); (M.M.M.); (B.K.-S.); (P.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (S.M.L.); (M.M.M.); (B.K.-S.); (P.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lisa Kilpatrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (S.M.L.); (M.M.M.); (B.K.-S.); (P.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Brain Research Institute, 635 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; (S.M.L.); (M.M.M.); (B.K.-S.); (P.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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D-Amino Acids as a Biomarker in Schizophrenia. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10010009. [PMID: 35225861 PMCID: PMC8883943 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
D-amino acids may play key roles for specific physiological functions in different organs including the brain. Importantly, D-amino acids have been detected in several neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and age-related disorders, reflecting the disease conditions. Relationships between D-amino acids and neurophysiology may involve the significant contribution of D-Serine or D-Aspartate to the synaptic function, including neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Gut-microbiota could play important roles in the brain-function, since bacteria in the gut provide a significant contribution to the host pool of D-amino acids. In addition, the alteration of the composition of the gut microbiota might lead to schizophrenia. Furthermore, D-amino acids are known as a physiologically active substance, constituting useful biomarkers of several brain disorders including schizophrenia. In this review, we wish to provide an outline of the roles of D-amino acids in brain health and neuropsychiatric disorders with a focus on schizophrenia, which may shed light on some of the superior diagnoses and/or treatments of schizophrenia.
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Feng Y, Fu S, Li C, Ma X, Wu Y, Chen F, Li G, Liu M, Liu H, Zhu J, Lan Z, Jiang G. Interaction of Gut Microbiota and Brain Function in Patients With Chronic Insomnia: A Regional Homogeneity Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:804843. [PMID: 35069107 PMCID: PMC8766814 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.804843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the human gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in brain function and behavior via the complex microbiome–gut–brain axis. However, knowledge about the underlying relationship between the GM and changes in brain function in patients with chronic insomnia (CI) is still very limited. In this prospective study, 31 CI patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed and brain functional alterations in CI patients were evaluated using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method. We collected fecal samples of CI patients and used 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing to assess the relative abundance (RA) and alpha diversity of the GM. We also performed extensive sleep, mood, and cognitive assessments. Then, we tested for potential associations between the GM profile, ReHo alterations, and neuropsychological changes in CI patients. Our results showed associations between the RA of Lactobacilli, ReHo values in the left fusiform gyrus, and depression scores in CI patients. We also found some bacterial genera related to ReHo values of the right triangular inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, the RA of genus Coprobacter was correlated with ReHo values of the left angular gyrus and with specific cognitive performance. These findings revealed complex relationships between GM, brain function, and behavior in patients with CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shishun Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfan Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guomin Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zhu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Lan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Zhao H, Jin K, Jiang C, Pan F, Wu J, Luan H, Zhao Z, Chen J, Mou T, Wang Z, Lu J, Lu S, Hu S, Xu Y, Huang M. A pilot exploration of multi-omics research of gut microbiome in major depressive disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 35013099 PMCID: PMC8748871 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains obscure. Recently, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis's role in MDD has an increasing attention. However, the specific mechanism of the multi-level effects of gut microbiota on host metabolism, immunity, and brain structure is unclear. Multi-omics approaches based on the analysis of different body fluids and tissues using a variety of analytical platforms have the potential to provide a deeper understanding of MGB axis disorders. Therefore, the data of metagenomics, metabolomic, inflammatory factors, and MRI scanning are collected from the two groups including 24 drug-naïve MDD patients and 26 healthy controls (HCs). Then, the correlation analysis is performed in all omics. The results confirmed that there are many markedly altered differences, such as elevated Actinobacteria abundance, plasma IL-1β concentration, lipid, vitamin, and carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and diminished grey matter volume (GMV) of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in the MDD patients. Notably, three kinds of discriminative bacteria, Ruminococcus bromii, Lactococcus chungangensis, and Streptococcus gallolyticus have an extensive correlation with metabolome, immunology, GMV, and clinical symptoms. All three microbiota are closely related to IL-1β and lipids (as an example, phosphoethanolamine (PEA)). Besides, Lactococcus chungangensis is negatively related to the GMV of left IFG. Overall, this study demonstrate that the effects of gut microbiome exert in MDD is multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chaonan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Fen Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing Wu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics the College of Laboratory Medicine Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Honglin Luan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wen Zhou seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingkai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Tingting Mou
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 31003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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33
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Singh R, Stogios N, Smith E, Lee J, Maksyutynsk K, Au E, Wright DC, De Palma G, Graff-Guerrero A, Gerretsen P, Müller DJ, Remington G, Hahn M, Agarwal SM. Gut microbiome in schizophrenia and antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations: a scoping review. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2022; 12:20451253221096525. [PMID: 35600753 PMCID: PMC9118432 DOI: 10.1177/20451253221096525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with high morbidity and lifetime disability rates. Patients with SCZ have a higher risk of developing metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, leading to increased mortality. Antipsychotics (APs), which are the mainstay in the treatment of SCZ, increase the risk of these metabolic perturbations. Despite extensive research, the mechanism underlying SCZ pathophysiology and associated metabolic comorbidities remains unclear. In recent years, gut microbiota (GMB) has been regarded as a 'chamber of secrets', particularly in the context of severe mental illnesses such as SCZ, depression, and bipolar disorder. In this scoping review, we aimed to investigate the underlying role of GMB in the pathophysiology of SCZ and metabolic alterations associated with APs. Furthermore, we also explored the therapeutic benefits of prebiotic and probiotic formulations in managing SCZ and AP-induced metabolic alterations. A systematic literature search yielded 46 studies from both preclinical and clinical settings that met inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis. Preliminary evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that GMB composition changes are associated with SCZ pathogenesis and AP-induced metabolic perturbations. Fecal microbiota transplantation from SCZ patients to mice has been shown to induce SCZ-like behavioral phenotypes, further supporting the plausible role of GMB in SCZ pathogenesis. This scoping review recapitulates the preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting the role of GMB in SCZ symptomatology and metabolic adverse effects associated with APs. Moreover, this scoping review also discusses the therapeutic potentials of prebiotic/probiotic formulations in improving SCZ symptoms and attenuating metabolic alterations related to APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Singh
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolette Stogios
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Smith
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kateryna Maksyutynsk
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Au
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sri Mahavir Agarwal
- Staff Psychiatrist and Clinician-Scientist, Medical Head, Clinical Research, Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 1051 Queen Street W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada
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34
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Tsai YL, Liu YW, Wang PN, Lin CY, Lan TH. Gender Differences in Gut Microbiome Composition Between Schizophrenia Patients With Normal Body Weight and Central Obesity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:836896. [PMID: 35370854 PMCID: PMC8965277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.836896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a common health problem among patients with schizophrenia, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. There has been much interest in the relationship between gut microbiome and development of obesity. Gender-dependent microbial alteration has been reported in previous studies. However, the gender factor in gut microbiome composition of schizophrenia patients has been less investigated. Our study aimed to identify differences in gut microbiota between schizophrenia patients with normal weight and central obesity and investigate the gender specific features. METHOD Twenty participants (10 males, 10 females) with central obesity (CO) and 20 participants (10 males, 10 females) with normal weight (NW) were recruited from two rehabilitation wards in a psychiatric hospital in central Taiwan. Fecal samples from 40 participants were processed for microbiota analysis. The intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed using next-generation sequencing and QIIME software. RESULTS Significantly higher richness of gut microbiota at the class level (measured by the number of observed OTUs) was observed in female NW subjects than in female CO subjects (P = 0.033). Furthermore, female NW subjects showed higher alpha diversity at both phylum and class levels (measured by the Shannon, Simpson, and Inverse-Simpson indexes) compared with female CO subjects. Males showed no significant difference in alpha diversity between groups. Taxonomic analysis showed that female CO subjects had significantly lower abundance of Verrucomicrobia (P = 0.004) at the phylum level, reduced abundance of Akkermansia (P = 0.003) and elevated level of Prevotella (P = 0.038) and Roseburia (P = 0.005) at the genus level. CONCLUSIONS The present results evidenced altered microbiome composition in schizophrenia patients with central obesity and further suggested the role of the gender factor in the process of gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lin Tsai
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Nien Wang
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Lin
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Tsuo-Hung Lan
- Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan
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Li C, Chen Y, Wen Y, Jia Y, Cheng S, Liu L, Zhang H, Pan C, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Yang X, Meng P, Yao Y, Zhang F. A genetic association study reveals the relationship between the oral microbiome and anxiety and depression symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:960756. [PMID: 36440396 PMCID: PMC9685528 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.960756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports that alterations in the gut microbiota play an essential role in the etiology of anxiety, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. However, the potential effect of oral microbiota on mental health has received little attention. METHODS Using the latest genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of the oral microbiome, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of 285 salivary microbiomes and 309 tongue dorsum microbiomes were conducted. Logistic and linear regression models were applied to evaluate the relationship between salivary-tongue dorsum microbiome interactions with anxiety and depression. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to compute the causal effects between the oral microbiome, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS We observed significant salivary-tongue dorsum microbiome interactions related to anxiety and depression traits. Significantly, one common interaction was observed to be associated with both anxiety score and depression score, Centipeda periodontii SGB 224 × Granulicatella uSGB 3289 (P depressionscore = 1.41 × 10-8, P anxietyscore = 5.10 × 10-8). Furthermore, we detected causal effects between the oral microbiome and anxiety and depression. Importantly, we identified one salivary microbiome associated with both anxiety and depression in both the UKB database and the Finngen public database, Eggerthia (P IVW - majordepression - UKB = 2.99 × 10-6, P IVW - Self - reportedanxiety/panicattacks - UKB = 3.06 × 10-59, P IVW - depression - Finngen = 3.16 × 10 , - 16 P IVW - anxiety - Finngen = 1.14 × 10-115). CONCLUSION This study systematically explored the relationship between the oral microbiome and anxiety and depression, which could help improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and propose new diagnostic targets and early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun'e Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuena Yang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peilin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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McGuinness AJ, Davis JA, Dawson SL, Loughman A, Collier F, O’Hely M, Simpson CA, Green J, Marx W, Hair C, Guest G, Mohebbi M, Berk M, Stupart D, Watters D, Jacka FN. A systematic review of gut microbiota composition in observational studies of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1920-1935. [PMID: 35194166 PMCID: PMC9126816 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging understanding of gut microbiota as 'metabolic machinery' influencing many aspects of physiology has gained substantial attention in the field of psychiatry. This is largely due to the many overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms associated with both the potential functionality of the gut microbiota and the biological mechanisms thought to be underpinning mental disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesised the current literature investigating differences in gut microbiota composition in people with the major psychiatric disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to 'healthy' controls. We also explored gut microbiota composition across disorders in an attempt to elucidate potential commonalities in the microbial signatures associated with these mental disorders. Following the PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched from inception through to December 2021. We identified 44 studies (including a total of 2510 psychiatric cases and 2407 controls) that met inclusion criteria, of which 24 investigated gut microbiota composition in MDD, seven investigated gut microbiota composition in BD, and 15 investigated gut microbiota composition in SZ. Our syntheses provide no strong evidence for a difference in the number or distribution (α-diversity) of bacteria in those with a mental disorder compared to controls. However, studies were relatively consistent in reporting differences in overall community composition (β-diversity) in people with and without mental disorders. Our syntheses also identified specific bacterial taxa commonly associated with mental disorders, including lower levels of bacterial genera that produce short-chain fatty acids (e.g. butyrate), higher levels of lactic acid-producing bacteria, and higher levels of bacteria associated with glutamate and GABA metabolism. We also observed substantial heterogeneity across studies with regards to methodologies and reporting. Further prospective and experimental research using new tools and robust guidelines hold promise for improving our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in mental and brain health and the development of interventions based on modification of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. McGuinness
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - J. A. Davis
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - S. L. Dawson
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - A. Loughman
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - F. Collier
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - M. O’Hely
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - C. A. Simpson
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMelbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - J. Green
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPcr), Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.466993.70000 0004 0436 2893Department of Psychiatry, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC Australia
| | - W. Marx
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - C. Hair
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.414257.10000 0004 0540 0062Department of Gastroenterology, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - G. Guest
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - M. Mohebbi
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - M. Berk
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D. Stupart
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - D. Watters
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Deakin University, School of Medicine, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.415335.50000 0000 8560 4604Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - F. N. Jacka
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia ,grid.1058.c0000 0000 9442 535XCentre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.418393.40000 0001 0640 7766Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1011.10000 0004 0474 1797College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD Australia
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Chernikova MA, Flores GD, Kilroy E, Labus JS, Mayer EA, Aziz-Zadeh L. The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124497. [PMID: 34960049 PMCID: PMC8704412 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships and how they may influence the pathogenesis or severity of ASD. While various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview of studies elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and the brain interact to influence behavior and ASD development, in at least a subgroup of individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we review the brain-gut-microbiome system and discuss findings from current animal and human studies as they relate to social-behavioral and neurological impairments in ASD, microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) in ASD, and how microbiota may influence the brain at molecular, structural, and functional levels, with a particular interest in social and emotion-related brain networks. A deeper understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has the potential to inform new therapies aimed at modulating this system and alleviating both behavioral and physiological symptomatology in individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Chernikova
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Psychology Department, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA
| | - Genesis D. Flores
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Psychology Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - Emily Kilroy
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, Brain Research Institute UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.M.); (L.A.-Z.)
| | - Lisa Aziz-Zadeh
- USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (M.A.C.); (G.D.F.); (E.K.)
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Correspondence: (E.A.M.); (L.A.-Z.)
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Salivary microbiome profiling reveals a dysbiotic schizophrenia-associated microbiota. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:51. [PMID: 34711862 PMCID: PMC8553823 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder and often has a prodromal period, referred to as clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, prior to the first episode. The etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia remain unclear. Despite the human gut microbiome being associated with schizophrenia, the role of the oral microbiome, which is a vital player in the mouth-body connection, is not well understood. To address this, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the salivary microbiome in 85 patients with drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 43 individuals at CHR, and 80 healthy controls (HCs). The salivary microbiome of FES patients was characterized by higher α-diversity and lower β-diversity heterogeneity than those of CHR subjects and HCs. Proteobacteria, the predominant phylum, was depleted, while Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio was enriched, in a stepwise manner from HC to CHR to FES. H2S-producing bacteria exhibited disease-stage-specific enrichment and could be potential diagnostic biomarkers for FES and CHR. Certain salivary microbiota exhibited disease-specific correlation patterns with symptomatic severities, peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, thioredoxin, and S100B in FES. Furthermore, the metabolic functions from inferred metagenomes of the salivary microbiome were disrupted in FES, especially amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and xenobiotic degradation. This study has established a link between salivary microbiome alterations and disease initiation and provided the hypothesis of how the oral microbiota could influence schizophrenia.
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Murray N, Al Khalaf S, Kaulmann D, Lonergan E, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Khashan A, O’Connor K. Compositional and functional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia: A systematic review. HRB Open Res 2021; 4:108. [PMID: 34870091 PMCID: PMC8634050 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13416.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut and oral microbiota are intrinsically linked to human health. Recent studies suggest a direct link with mental health through bidirectional gut-brain pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that the composition and/or function of intestinal microbiome differs in those with psychosis and schizophrenia as compared with controls. There is relatively little research on the predicted or actual functional alterations associated with the composition of oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis. We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify, evaluate and if possible, combine the published literature on compositional alterations in the oral and gut microbiota in patients with psychosis or schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. We also aim to explore the potential functional impact of any compositional changes. Methods: Original studies involving humans and animals using a case-control, cohort or cross-sectional design will be included. The electronic databases PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane will be systematically searched. Quantitative analyses will be performed using random-effects meta-analyses to calculate mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Discussion: Changes in microbiota composition in psychosis and schizophrenia have been correlated with alternations in brain structure and function, altered immunity, altered metabolic pathways and symptom severity. Changes have also been identified as potential biomarkers for psychosis that might aid in diagnosis. Understanding how predicted or actual functional alterations in microbial genes or metabolic pathways influence symptomatic expression and downstream clinical outcomes may contribute to the development of microbiome targeted interventions for psychosis. Registration: The study is prospectively registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021260208).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Sukainah Al Khalaf
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - David Kaulmann
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Edgar Lonergan
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland T12XF62, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Ali Khashan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Karen O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland
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Vafadari B. Stress and the Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189747. [PMID: 34575911 PMCID: PMC8471971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder, and its etiology remains largely unknown. Environmental factors have been reported to play roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and one of the major environmental factors identified for this disorder is psychosocial stress. Several studies have suggested that stressful life events, as well as the chronic social stress associated with city life, may lead to the development of schizophrenia. The other factor is the gut–brain axis. The composition of the gut microbiome and alterations thereof may affect the brain and may lead to schizophrenia. The main interest of this review article is in overviewing the major recent findings on the effects of stress and the gut–brain axis, as well as their possible bidirectional effects, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Vafadari
- Clinic for Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Marazziti D, Buccianelli B, Palermo S, Parra E, Arone A, Beatino MF, Massa L, Carpita B, Barberi FM, Mucci F, Dell’Osso L. The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080760. [PMID: 34440503 PMCID: PMC8401073 DOI: 10.3390/life11080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the constant integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs, together with their connections with the environment. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is highly related to the CNS through the so-called "gut-brain axis". The aim of this paper was to review and comment on the current literature on the role of the intestinal microbiota and the gut-brain axis in some common neuropsychiatric conditions. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed in mood disorders and autism spectrum disorders and, apparently to a lesser extent, even in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, as well as in schizophrenia. Therefore, gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a target for the development of innovative treatments that some authors have already labelled "psychobiotics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
- Unicamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Medical and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Buccianelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Parra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Alessandro Arone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Maria Francesca Beatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucia Massa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Barbara Carpita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Filippo M. Barberi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Federico Mucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Liliana Dell’Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
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Involvement of Gut Microbiota in Schizophrenia and Treatment Resistance to Antipsychotics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080875. [PMID: 34440078 PMCID: PMC8389684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is constituted by more than 40,000 bacterial species involved in key processes including high order brain functions. Altered composition of gut microbiota has been implicated in psychiatric disorders and in modulating the efficacy and safety of psychotropic medications. In this work we characterized the composition of the gut microbiota in 38 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and 20 healthy controls (HC), and tested if SCZ patients with different response to antipsychotics (18 patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), and 20 responders (R)) had specific patterns of gut microbiota composition associated with different response to antipsychotics. Moreover, we also tested if patients treated with typical antipsychotics (n = 20) presented significant differences when compared to patients treated with atypical antipsychotics (n = 31). Our findings showed the presence of distinct composition of gut microbiota in SCZ versus HC, with several bacteria at the different taxonomic levels only present in either one group or the other. Similar findings were observed also depending on treatment response and exposure to diverse classes of antipsychotics. Our results suggest that composition of gut microbiota could constitute a biosignatures of SCZ and TRS.
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43
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Ke PF, Xiong DS, Li JH, Pan ZL, Zhou J, Li SJ, Song J, Chen XY, Li GX, Chen J, Li XB, Ning YP, Wu FC, Wu K. An integrated machine learning framework for a discriminative analysis of schizophrenia using multi-biological data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14636. [PMID: 34282208 PMCID: PMC8290033 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding effective and objective biomarkers to inform the diagnosis of schizophrenia is of great importance yet remains challenging. Relatively little work has been conducted on multi-biological data for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this cross-sectional study, we extracted multiple features from three types of biological data, including gut microbiota data, blood data, and electroencephalogram data. Then, an integrated framework of machine learning consisting of five classifiers, three feature selection algorithms, and four cross validation methods was used to discriminate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls. Our results show that the support vector machine classifier without feature selection using the input features of multi-biological data achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 91.7% and an AUC of 96.5% (p < 0.05). These results indicate that multi-biological data showed better discriminative capacity for patients with schizophrenia than single biological data. The top 5% discriminative features selected from the optimal model include the gut microbiota features (Lactobacillus, Haemophilus, and Prevotella), the blood features (superoxide dismutase level, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil count), and the electroencephalogram features (nodal local efficiency, nodal efficiency, and nodal shortest path length in the temporal and frontal-parietal brain areas). The proposed integrated framework may be helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and developing biomarkers for schizophrenia using multi-biological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Ke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shi-Jia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Ping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Feng-Chun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China. .,The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, 510500, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, 510500, China. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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44
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Chen Y, Xu J, Chen Y. Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062099. [PMID: 34205336 PMCID: PMC8234057 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic, peripheral immune, and central nervous systems via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it is not well understood how the gut microbiome and neurons in the brain mutually interact or how these interactions affect normal brain functioning and cognition. We summarize the mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota regulate the production, transportation, and functioning of neurotransmitters. We also discuss how microbiome dysbiosis affects cognitive function, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinying Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-26925498
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45
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Kohn N, Szopinska-Tokov J, Llera Arenas A, Beckmann C, Arias-Vasquez A, Aarts E. Multivariate associative patterns between the gut microbiota and large-scale brain network connectivity. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:2006586. [PMID: 34856861 PMCID: PMC8726725 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2006586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the gut-brain axis has accelerated substantially over the course of the last years. Many reviews have outlined the important implications of understanding the relation of the gut microbiota with human brain function and behavior. One substantial drawback in integrating gut microbiome and brain data is the lack of integrative multivariate approaches that enable capturing variance in both modalities simultaneously. To address this issue, we applied a linked independent component analysis (LICA) to microbiota and brain connectivity data.We analyzed data from 58 healthy females (mean age = 21.5 years). Magnetic Resonance Imaging data were acquired using resting state functional imaging data. The assessment of gut microbial composition from feces was based on sequencing of the V4 16S rRNA gene region. We used the LICA model to simultaneously factorize the subjects' large-scale brain networks and microbiome relative abundance data into 10 independent components of spatial and abundance variation.LICA decomposition resulted in four components with non-marginal contribution of the microbiota data. The default mode network featured strongly in three components, whereas the two-lateralized fronto-parietal attention networks contributed to one component. The executive-control (with the default mode) network was associated to another component. We found that the abundance of Prevotella genus was associated with the strength of expression of all networks, whereas Bifidobacterium was associated with the default mode and frontoparietal-attention networks.We provide the first exploratory evidence for multivariate associative patterns between the gut microbiota and brain network connectivity in healthy humans considering the complexity of both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kohn
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Szopinska-Tokov
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Llera Arenas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C.F. Beckmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Aarts
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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