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Perry C, Mujahid N, Takeuchi Y, Rayat ACME. Insights into product and process related challenges of lentiviral vector bioprocessing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2466-2481. [PMID: 37526313 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are used in advanced therapies to transduce recipient cells for long term gene expression for therapeutic benefit. The vector is commonly pseudotyped with alternative viral envelope proteins to improve tropism and is selected for enhanced functional titers. However, their impact on manufacturing and the success of individual bioprocessing unit operations is seldom demonstrated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the processability of different Lentiviral vector pseudotypes. In this work, we compared three envelope proteins commonly pseudotyped with LVs across manufacturing conditions such as temperature and pump flow and across steps common to downstream processing. We have shown impact of filter membrane chemistry on vector recoveries with differing envelopes during clarification and observed complete vector robustness in high shear manufacturing environments using ultra scale-down technologies. The impact of shear during membrane filtration in a tangential flow filtration-mimic showed the benefit of employing higher shear rates, than currently used in LV production, to increase vector recovery. Likewise, optimized anion exchange chromatography purification in monolith format was determined. The results contradict a common perception that lentiviral vectors are susceptible to shear or high salt concentration (up to 1.7 M). This highlights the prospects of improving LV recovery by evaluating manufacturing conditions that contribute to vector losses for specific production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Perry
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunology, University College London, London, UK
- Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies, Scientific Research and Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Noor Mujahid
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yasu Takeuchi
- Division of Infection and Immunology, University College London, London, UK
- Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies, Scientific Research and Innovation, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Andrea C M E Rayat
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Keyer V, Syzdykova L, Ingirbay B, Sedova E, Zauatbayeva G, Kulatay T, Shevtsov A, Shustov AV. Non-industrial production of therapeutic lentiviral vectors: How to provide vectors to academic CAR-T. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38963234 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Bringing effective cancer therapy in the form of chimeric antigen receptor technology to untapped markets faces numerous challenges, including a global shortage of therapeutic lentiviral or retroviral vectors on which all current clinical therapies using genetically modified T cells are based. Production of these lentiviral vectors in academic settings in principle opens the way to local production of therapeutic cells, which is the only economically viable approach to make this therapy available to patients in developing countries. The conditions for obtaining and concentrating lentiviral vectors have been optimized and described. The calcium phosphate precipitation method was found to be suitable for transfecting high cell-density cultures, a prerequisite for high titers. We describe protocols for gradually increasing production from 6-well plates to P100 plates, T-175 flasks, and 5-layer stacks while maintaining high titers, >108 transducing units. Concentration experiments using ultracentrifugation revealed the advantage of lower centrifugation speeds compared to competing protocols. The resulting batches of lentiviral vectors had a titer of 1010 infectious particles and were used to transduce primary human T lymphocytes generating chimeric antigen receptor T cells, the quality of which was checked and found potential applicability for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Keyer
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Laura Syzdykova
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakytkali Ingirbay
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Elena Sedova
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzat Zauatbayeva
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Tolganay Kulatay
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Shevtsov
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr V Shustov
- Laboratory for Genetic Engineering, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Peng J, Zou WW, Wang XL, Zhang ZG, Huo R, Yang L. Viral-mediated gene therapy in pediatric neurological disorders. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:533-555. [PMID: 36607547 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the broad application of next-generation sequencing, the molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders in pediatric neurology is no longer an unachievable goal. However, treatments for neurological genetic disorders in children remain primarily symptomatic. On the other hand, with the continuous evolution of therapeutic viral vectors, gene therapy is becoming a clinical reality. From this perspective, we wrote this review to illustrate the current state regarding viral-mediated gene therapy in childhood neurological disorders. DATA SOURCES We searched databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, using the keywords "adenovirus vector," "lentivirus vector," and "AAV" for gene therapy, and "immunoreaction induced by gene therapy vectors," "administration routes of gene therapy vectors," and "gene therapy" with "NCL," "SMA," "DMD," "congenital myopathy," "MPS" "leukodystrophy," or "pediatric metabolic disorders". We also screened the database of ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords "gene therapy for children" and then filtered the results with the ones aimed at neurological disorders. The time range of the search procedure was from the inception of the databases to the present. RESULTS We presented the characteristics of commonly used viral vectors for gene therapy for pediatric neurological disorders and summarized their merits and drawbacks, the administration routes of each vector, the research progress, and the clinical application status of viral-mediated gene therapy on pediatric neurological disorders. CONCLUSIONS Viral-mediated gene therapy is on the brink of broad clinical application. Viral-mediated gene therapy will dramatically change the treatment pattern of childhood neurological disorders, and many children with incurable diseases will meet the dawn of a cure. Nevertheless, the vectors must be optimized for better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center for Chidren Neurodevelopmental disablities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center for Chidren Neurodevelopmental disablities of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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4
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Vale M, Prochazka J, Sedlacek R. Towards a Cure for Diamond-Blackfan Anemia: Views on Gene Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:920. [PMID: 38891052 PMCID: PMC11172175 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare genetic disorder affecting the bone marrow's ability to produce red blood cells, leading to severe anemia and various physical abnormalities. Approximately 75% of DBA cases involve heterozygous mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) genes, classifying it as a ribosomopathy, with RPS19 being the most frequently mutated gene. Non-RP mutations, such as in GATA1, have also been identified. Current treatments include glucocorticosteroids, blood transfusions, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), with HSCT being the only curative option, albeit with challenges like donor availability and immunological complications. Gene therapy, particularly using lentiviral vectors and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, emerges as a promising alternative. This review explores the potential of gene therapy, focusing on lentiviral vectors and CRISPR/Cas9 technology in combination with non-integrating lentiviral vectors, as a curative solution for DBA. It highlights the transformative advancements in the treatment landscape of DBA, offering hope for individuals affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Vale
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (J.P.)
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (J.P.)
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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5
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Christoffers S, Seiler L, Wiebe E, Blume C. Possibilities and efficiency of MSC co-transfection for gene therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:150. [PMID: 38783353 PMCID: PMC11119386 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are not only capable of self-renewal, trans-differentiation, homing to damaged tissue sites and immunomodulation by secretion of trophic factors but are also easy to isolate and expand. Because of these characteristics, they are used in numerous clinical trials for cell therapy including immune and neurological disorders, diabetes, bone and cartilage diseases and myocardial infarction. However, not all trials have successful outcomes, due to unfavourable microenvironmental factors and the heterogenous nature of MSCs. Therefore, genetic manipulation of MSCs can increase their prospect. Currently, most studies focus on single transfection with one gene. Even though the introduction of more than one gene increases the complexity, it also increases the effectivity as different mechanism are triggered, leading to a synergistic effect. In this review we focus on the methodology and efficiency of co-transfection, as well as the opportunities and pitfalls of these genetically engineered cells for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Christoffers
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lisa Seiler
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Wiebe
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstr. 3-5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover, Germany
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Gabashvili AN, Alexandrushkina NA, Mochalova EN, Goliusova DV, Sapozhnikova EN, Makarevich PI, Nikitin PI. Internalization of transferrin-tagged Myxococcus xanthus encapsulins into mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10055. [PMID: 38774281 PMCID: PMC11106444 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, various functionalized nanocarrier systems are extensively studied for targeted delivery of drugs, peptides, and nucleic acids. Joining the approaches of genetic and chemical engineering may produce novel carriers for precise targeting different cellular proteins, which is important for both therapy and diagnosis of various pathologies. Here we present the novel nanocontainers based on vectorized genetically encoded Myxococcus xanthus (Mx) encapsulin, confining a fluorescent photoactivatable mCherry (PAmCherry) protein. The shells of such encapsulins were modified using chemical conjugation of human transferrin (Tf) prelabeled with a fluorescein-6 (FAM) maleimide acting as a vector. We demonstrate that the vectorized encapsulin specifically binds to transferrin receptors (TfRs) on the membranes of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) followed by internalization into cells. Two spectrally separated fluorescent signals from Tf-FAM and PAmCherry are clearly distinguishable and co-localized. It is shown that Tf-tagged Mx encapsulins are internalized by MSCs much more efficiently than by fibroblasts. It has been also found that unlabeled Tf effectively competes with the conjugated Mx-Tf-FAM formulations. That indicates the conjugate internalization into cells by Tf-TfR endocytosis pathway. The developed nanoplatform can be used as an alternative to conventional nanocarriers for targeted delivery of, e.g., genetic material to MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Gabashvili
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Alexandrushkina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta N. Mochalova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Moscow, Russia
- Nanobiomedicine Division, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia
| | - Daria V. Goliusova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBA, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel I. Makarevich
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr I. Nikitin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Lemmens M, Dorsheimer L, Zeller A, Dietz-Baum Y. Non-clinical safety assessment of novel drug modalities: Genome safety perspectives on viral-, nuclease- and nucleotide-based gene therapies. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 896:503767. [PMID: 38821669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapies have emerged as promising treatments for various conditions including inherited diseases as well as cancer. Ensuring their safe clinical application requires the development of appropriate safety testing strategies. Several guidelines have been provided by health authorities to address these concerns. These guidelines state that non-clinical testing should be carried out on a case-by-case basis depending on the modality. This review focuses on the genome safety assessment of frequently used gene therapy modalities, namely Adeno Associated Viruses (AAVs), Lentiviruses, designer nucleases and mRNAs. Important safety considerations for these modalities, amongst others, are vector integrations into the patient genome (insertional mutagenesis) and off-target editing. Taking into account the constraints of in vivo studies, health authorities endorse the development of novel approach methodologies (NAMs), which are innovative in vitro strategies for genotoxicity testing. This review provides an overview of NAMs applied to viral and CRISPR/Cas9 safety, including next generation sequencing-based methods for integration site analysis and off-target editing. Additionally, NAMs to evaluate the oncogenicity risk arising from unwanted genomic modifications are discussed. Thus, a range of promising techniques are available to support the safe development of gene therapies. Thorough validation, comparisons and correlations with clinical outcomes are essential to identify the most reliable safety testing strategies. By providing a comprehensive overview of these NAMs, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the genome safety perspectives of gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Dorsheimer
- Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany.
| | - Andreas Zeller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Dietz-Baum
- Research and Development, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main 65926, Germany
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8
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Henriques C, Lopes MM, Silva AC, Lobo DD, Badin RA, Hantraye P, Pereira de Almeida L, Nobre RJ. Viral-based animal models in polyglutamine disorders. Brain 2024; 147:1166-1189. [PMID: 38284949 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine disorders are a complex group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion in the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine tract of the affected gene. To better understand these disorders, our dependence on animal models persists, primarily relying on transgenic models. In an effort to complement and deepen our knowledge, researchers have also developed animal models of polyglutamine disorders employing viral vectors. Viral vectors have been extensively used to deliver genes to the brain, not only for therapeutic purposes but also for the development of animal models, given their remarkable flexibility. In a time- and cost-effective manner, it is possible to use different transgenes, at varying doses, in diverse targeted tissues, at different ages, and in different species, to recreate polyglutamine pathology. This paper aims to showcase the utility of viral vectors in disease modelling, share essential considerations for developing animal models with viral vectors, and provide a comprehensive review of existing viral-based animal models for polyglutamine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana D Lobo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Romina Aron Badin
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institute of Biology François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Gene and Stem Cell Therapies for the Brain Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Vectors, Gene and Cell Therapy Group, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- ViraVector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (III), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dzien P, Raffo Iraolagoitia X, May S, Stevenson D, McGarry L, Soloviev D, Brown G, Nixon C, Kapeni C, De La Roche M, Blyth K, Lyons S, Bird T, Strathdee D, Fruhwirth G, Carlin L, Lewis D. Multi-scale in vivo imaging of tumour development using a germline conditional triple-reporter system. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4196140. [PMID: 38645088 PMCID: PMC11030518 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4196140/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Imaging reporter genes are indispensable for visualising biological processes in living subjects, particularly in cancer research where they have been used to observe tumour development, cancer cell dissemination, and treatment response. Engineering reporter genes into the germline frequently involves single imaging modality reporters operating over limited spatial scales. To address these limitations, we developed an inducible triple-reporter mouse model (Rosa26LSL - NRL) that integrates reporters for complementary imaging modalities, flfluorescence, bioluminescence and positron emission tomography (PET), along with inducible Cre-lox functionality for precise spatiotemporal control of reporter expression. We demonstrated robust reporter inducibility across various tissues in the Rosa26LSL - NRL mouse, facilitating effective tracking and characterisation of tumours in liver and lung cancer mouse models. We precisely pinpointed tumour location using multimodal whole-body imaging which guided in situ lung microscopy to visualise cell-cell interactions within the tumour microenvironment. The triple-reporter system establishes a robust new platform technology for multi-scale investigation of biological processes within whole animals, enabling tissue-specific and sensitive cell tracking, spanning from the whole-body to cellular scales.
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Kitawi R, Ledger S, Kelleher AD, Ahlenstiel CL. Advances in HIV Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2771. [PMID: 38474018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Early gene therapy studies held great promise for the cure of heritable diseases, but the occurrence of various genotoxic events led to a pause in clinical trials and a more guarded approach to progress. Recent advances in genetic engineering technologies have reignited interest, leading to the approval of the first gene therapy product targeting genetic mutations in 2017. Gene therapy (GT) can be delivered either in vivo or ex vivo. An ex vivo approach to gene therapy is advantageous, as it allows for the characterization of the gene-modified cells and the selection of desired properties before patient administration. Autologous cells can also be used during this process which eliminates the possibility of immune rejection. This review highlights the various stages of ex vivo gene therapy, current research developments that have increased the efficiency and safety of this process, and a comprehensive summary of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) gene therapy studies, the majority of which have employed the ex vivo approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Kitawi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Scott Ledger
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chantelle L Ahlenstiel
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
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11
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Whalen M, Akula M, McNamee SM, DeAngelis MM, Haider NB. Seeing the Future: A Review of Ocular Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:179. [PMID: 38391665 PMCID: PMC10886198 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases present a unique challenge and opportunity for therapeutic development. The eye has distinct advantages as a therapy target given its accessibility, compartmentalization, immune privilege, and size. Various methodologies for therapeutic delivery in ocular diseases are under investigation that impact long-term efficacy, toxicity, invasiveness, and delivery range. While gene, cell, and antibody therapy and nanoparticle delivery directly treat regions that have been damaged by disease, they can be limited in the duration of the therapeutic delivery and have a focal effect. In contrast, contact lenses and ocular implants can more effectively achieve sustained and widespread delivery of therapies; however, they can increase dilution of therapeutics, which may result in reduced effectiveness. Current therapies either offer a sustained release or a broad therapeutic effect, and future directions should aim toward achieving both. This review discusses current ocular therapy delivery systems and their applications, mechanisms for delivering therapeutic products to ocular tissues, advantages and challenges associated with each delivery system, current approved therapies, and clinical trials. Future directions for the improvement in existing ocular therapies include combination therapies, such as combined cell and gene therapies, as well as AI-driven devices, such as cortical implants that directly transmit visual information to the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiya Whalen
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Neena B Haider
- Shifa Precision, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA
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Castillo Cabrera J, Dang H, Graves A, Zhang Z, Torres-Castillo J, Li K, King Z, Liu P, Aubé J, Bear JE, Damania B, Hagan RS, Baldwin AS. AGC kinase inhibitors regulate STING signaling through SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1601-1616.e6. [PMID: 37939709 PMCID: PMC10842197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 IFN expression is critical in the innate immune response, but aberrant expression is associated with autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we identify N-[4-(1H46 pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyrazin-6-yl)-phenyl]-sulfonamide (Sanofi-14h), a compound with preference for inhibition of the AGC family kinase SGK3, as an inhibitor of Ifnb1 gene expression in response to STING stimulation of macrophages. Sanofi-14h abrogated SGK activity and also impaired activation of the critical TBK1/IRF3 pathway downstream of STING activation, blocking interaction of STING with TBK1. Deletion of SGK1/3 in a macrophage cell line did not block TBK1/IRF3 activation but decreased expression of transcription factors, such as IRF7 and STAT1, required for the innate immune response. Other AGC kinase inhibitors blocked TBK1 and IRF3 activation suggesting common action on a critical regulatory node in the STING pathway. These studies reveal both SGK-dependent and SGK-independent mechanisms in the innate immune response and indicate an approach to block aberrant Ifnb1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Castillo Cabrera
- Pathobiology and Translational Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Graves
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jose Torres-Castillo
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zayna King
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James E Bear
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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13
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Fiol CR, Collignon ML, Welsh J, Rafiq QA. Optimizing and developing a scalable, chemically defined, animal component-free lentiviral vector production process in a fixed-bed bioreactor. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:221-234. [PMID: 37528866 PMCID: PMC10388200 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVVs) play a critical role in gene delivery for ex vivo gene-modified cell therapies. However, the lack of scalable LVV production methods and the high cost associated with them may limit their use. In this work, we demonstrate the optimization and development of a scalable, chemically defined, animal component-free LVV production process using adherent human embryonic kidney 293T cells in a fixed-bed bioreactor. The initial studies focused on the optimization of the culture process in 2D static cultures. Process changes such as decreasing cell seeding density on day 0 from 2.5 × 104 to 5 × 103 cells/cm2, delaying the transient transfection from 24 to 120 h post-seeding, reducing plasmid DNA to 167 ng/cm2, and adding 5 mM sodium butyrate 6 h post-transfection improved functional LVV titers by 26.9-fold. The optimized animal component-free production process was then transferred to the iCELLis Nano bioreactor, a fixed-bed bioreactor, where titers of 1.2 × 106 TU/cm2 were achieved when it was operated in perfusion. In this work, comparable functional LVV titers were obtained with FreeStyle 293 Expression medium and the conventional Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum both at small and large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Ripoll Fiol
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Marie-Laure Collignon
- Department of Scientific and Laboratory Services (SLS), Pall Corporation, Reugelstraat 2, 3320 Hoegaarden, Belgium
| | - John Welsh
- Department of Research and Development (R&D), Pall Corporation, 5 Harbourgate Business Park, Southampton Road, PO6 4BQ Portsmouth, UK
| | - Qasim A. Rafiq
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
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14
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He Y, Liang L, Luo C, Zhang ZY, Huang J. Strategies for in situ tissue engineering of vascularized bone regeneration (Review). Biomed Rep 2023; 18:42. [PMID: 37325184 PMCID: PMC10265129 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes occur following bone fracture, including inflammatory cell recruitment, vascularization, and callus formation and remodeling. In particular circumstances, such as critical bone defects or osteonecrosis, the regenerative microenvironment is compromised, rendering endogenous stem/progenitor cells incapable of fully manifesting their reparative potential. Consequently, external interventions, such as grafting or augmentation, are frequently necessary. In situ bone tissue engineering (iBTE) employs cell-free scaffolds that possess microenvironmental cues, which, upon implantation, redirect the behavior of endogenous stem/progenitor cells towards a pro-regenerative inflammatory response and reestablish angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling. This process ultimately results in vascularized bone regeneration (VBR). In this context, a comprehensive review of the current techniques and modalities in VBR-targeted iBTE technology is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun He
- Department of Osteoarthropathy and Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- Department of Osteoarthropathy and Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Osteoarthropathy and Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Jiongfeng Huang
- Department of Osteoarthropathy and Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
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15
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Krishnan N, Peng FX, Mohapatra A, Fang RH, Zhang L. Genetically engineered cellular nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122065. [PMID: 36841215 PMCID: PMC10542936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanoparticles derived from cellular membranes have been increasingly explored for the prevention and treatment of human disease. With their flexible design and ability to interface effectively with the surrounding environment, these biomimetic nanoparticles can outperform their traditional synthetic counterparts. As their popularity has increased, researchers have developed novel ways to modify the nanoparticle surface to introduce new or enhanced capabilities. Moving beyond naturally occurring materials derived from wild-type cells, genetic manipulation has proven to be a robust and flexible method by which nanoformulations with augmented functionalities can be generated. In this review, an overview of genetic engineering approaches to express novel surface proteins is provided, followed by a discussion on the various biomedical applications of genetically modified cellular nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishta Krishnan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fei-Xing Peng
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Animesh Mohapatra
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Li X, Le Y, Zhang Z, Nian X, Liu B, Yang X. Viral Vector-Based Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097736. [PMID: 37175441 PMCID: PMC10177981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a technique involving the modification of an individual's genes for treating a particular disease. The key to effective gene therapy is an efficient carrier delivery system. Viral vectors that have been artificially modified to lose their pathogenicity are used widely as a delivery system, with the key advantages of their natural high transduction efficiency and stable expression. With decades of development, viral vector-based gene therapies have achieved promising clinical outcomes. Currently, the three key vector strategies are based on adeno-associated viruses, adenoviruses, and lentiviruses. However, certain challenges, such as immunotoxicity and "off-target", continue to exist. In the present review, the above three viral vectors are discussed along with their respective therapeutic applications. In addition, the major translational challenges encountered in viral vector-based gene therapies are summarized, and the possible strategies to address these challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yang Le
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Zhegang Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Bo Liu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing 100029, China
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17
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Paul A, Collins MG, Lee HY. Gene Therapy: The Next-Generation Therapeutics and Their Delivery Approaches for Neurological Disorders. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:899209. [PMID: 35832929 PMCID: PMC9272754 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.899209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions like neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases are quite complex and often exceedingly difficult for patients. Most of these conditions are due to a mutation in a critical gene. There is no cure for the majority of these neurological conditions and the availability of disease-modifying therapeutics is quite rare. The lion's share of the treatments that are available only provide symptomatic relief, as such, we are in desperate need of an effective therapeutic strategy for these conditions. Considering the current drug development landscape, gene therapy is giving us hope as one such effective therapeutic strategy. Consistent efforts have been made to develop gene therapy strategies using viral and non-viral vectors of gene delivery. Here, we have discussed both of these delivery methods and their properties. We have summarized the relative advantages and drawbacks of viral and non-viral vectors from the perspectives of safety, efficiency, and productivity. Recent developments such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated gene editing and its use in vivo have been described here as well. Given recent advancements, gene therapy shows great promise to emerge as a next-generation therapeutic for many of the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions.
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18
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Zou J, Yu L, Zhu Y, Yang S, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Xie S, Liu H, Zhao C, Zhou H. Transportin-3 Facilitates Uncoating of Influenza A Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084128. [PMID: 35456945 PMCID: PMC9027869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a major global health threat and in the future, may cause the next pandemic. Although studies have partly uncovered the molecular mechanism of IAV–host interaction, it requires further research. In this study, we explored the roles of transportin-3 (TNPO3) in IAV infection. We found that TNPO3-deficient cells inhibited infection with four different IAV strains, whereas restoration of TNPO3 expression in knockout (KO) cells restored IAV infection. TNPO3 overexpression in wild-type (WT) cells promoted IAV infection, suggesting that TNPO3 is involved in the IAV replication. Furthermore, we found that TNPO3 depletion restrained the uncoating in the IAV life cycle, thereby inhibiting the process of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) entry into the nucleus. However, KO of TNPO3 did not affect the virus attachment, endocytosis, or endosomal acidification processes. Subsequently, we found that TNPO3 can colocalize and interact with viral proteins M1 and M2. Taken together, the depletion of TNPO3 inhibits IAV uncoating, thereby inhibiting IAV replication. Our study provides new insights and potential therapeutic targets for unraveling the mechanism of IAV replication and treating influenza disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Luyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinxing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuaike Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiachang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meijun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (H.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (H.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (S.X.); (H.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.Z.); (L.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Bellotti C, Stäuble A, Steinfeld R. CD9 and folate receptor overexpression are not sufficient for VSV-G-independent lentiviral transduction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264642. [PMID: 35271606 PMCID: PMC8912258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have become a research focus for their potential as therapeutic vehicles that carry cargo substances. Extracellular vesicles may origin from the endosomal compartment and share several characteristics with the envelope of lentiviruses. A previous study reported that constitutive expression of the tetraspanin CD9, an extracellular vesicle marker, not only increases vesicle secretion from cells, but has also a positive effect on lentiviral transduction efficiency. Moreover, it was shown that expression of CD9 on the viral envelope in absence of viral glycoproteins was sufficient for the transduction of mammalian cells. In this study, we investigate the effect of CD9 and folate receptor alpha, a GPI-anchored protein, on biosynthesis and transduction efficiency of vesicles carrying lentiviral vectors. We demonstrate that neither CD9 nor FRα nor the combination of both were able to mediate a significant transduction of therapeutic vesicles carrying lentiviral RNA. Further studies are required to identify endogenous mammalian proteins that can be used for pseudotyping of viral envelopes to improve viral targeting without inducing immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bellotti
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Stäuble
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Steinfeld
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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