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Kelly Souza Silveira B, Silva AD, Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha D, Waskow K, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Bressan J, Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff H. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) consumption in energy-restricted intervention decreases pro-inflammatory markers and intestinal permeability of women with overweight/obesity: a controlled trial (Brazilian Nuts Study). J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00397-3. [PMID: 39025334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The Brazil nut (BN) (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) appears to be a promising dietary intervention to control inflammation by enhancing antioxidant defenses. OBJECTIVE Assess the effect of daily BN consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and IP in the context of an energy-restricted intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated the correlation between the changes in these inflammatory markers and the changes in serum selenium and IP. METHODS In this 8-week non-randomized controlled trial, 56 women with overweight or obesity were allocated into two groups, both following an energy-restricted diet (minus 500 kcal/day). The control group (CO) followed a nut-free diet, while the BN group consumed eight grams of BN/day, providing 347.2 μg of selenium. Inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in plasma and selenium in serum. IP was assessed using the lactulose/mannitol test (LM ratio). RESULTS Forty-six women completed the intervention. Both groups achieved similar energy restriction (CO Δ= - 253.7 ± 169.4 kcal/day; BN Δ= - 265.8 ± 141.8 kcal/day) and weight loss (CO Δ= - 2.5 ± 0.5 kg; BN Δ= - 3.5 ± 0.5 kg). The BN group showed lower values of CRP, TNF, IL1-β, IL-8, lactulose excretion (%) and the LM ratio, compared to the CO group. Additionally, changes in serum Se concentration were predictive of changes in IL-8 concentration (β = - 0.054; adjusted R2 = 0.100; CI 95% = - 0.100; - 0.007; P = 0.025), and changes in IL-8 were predictive of changes in the LM ratio (β = 0.006; adjusted R2 = 0.101; CI 95% = 0.001; 0.011; P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Regular intake of BN can be a promising complementary dietary strategy for controlling low-grade inflammation and improving IP for women with overweight/obesity undergoing energy-restricted treatment. However, the effects of BN seem to be Se status-dependent. BRAZILIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS - REBEC: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3ntxrm/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Waskow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil.
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Zamanian A, von Kleist H, Ciora OA, Piperno M, Lancho G, Ahmidi N. Analysis of Missingness Scenarios for Observational Health Data. J Pers Med 2024; 14:514. [PMID: 38793096 PMCID: PMC11122060 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive literature on missing data theory and cautionary articles emphasizing the importance of realistic analysis for healthcare data, a critical gap persists in incorporating domain knowledge into the missing data methods. In this paper, we argue that the remedy is to identify the key scenarios that lead to data missingness and investigate their theoretical implications. Based on this proposal, we first introduce an analysis framework where we investigate how different observation agents, such as physicians, influence the data availability and then scrutinize each scenario with respect to the steps in the missing data analysis. We apply this framework to the case study of observational data in healthcare facilities. We identify ten fundamental missingness scenarios and show how they influence the identification step for missing data graphical models, inverse probability weighting estimation, and exponential tilting sensitivity analysis. To emphasize how domain-informed analysis can improve method reliability, we conduct simulation studies under the influence of various missingness scenarios. We compare the results of three common methods in medical data analysis: complete-case analysis, Missforest imputation, and inverse probability weighting estimation. The experiments are conducted for two objectives: variable mean estimation and classification accuracy. We advocate for our analysis approach as a reference for the observational health data analysis. Beyond that, we also posit that the proposed analysis framework is applicable to other medical domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zamanian
- Department of Computer Science, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems IKS, 80686 Munich, Germany; (O.-A.C.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (N.A.)
| | - Henrik von Kleist
- Department of Computer Science, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, 80939 Munich, Germany
| | - Octavia-Andreea Ciora
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems IKS, 80686 Munich, Germany; (O.-A.C.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (N.A.)
| | - Marta Piperno
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems IKS, 80686 Munich, Germany; (O.-A.C.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (N.A.)
| | - Gino Lancho
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems IKS, 80686 Munich, Germany; (O.-A.C.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (N.A.)
| | - Narges Ahmidi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cognitive Systems IKS, 80686 Munich, Germany; (O.-A.C.); (M.P.); (G.L.); (N.A.)
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Meechem MB, Jadli AS, Patel VB. Uncovering the link between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: insights from adipose-derived stem cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:229-241. [PMID: 38198660 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The escalating global occurrence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has led to a significant upsurge in individuals afflicted with CVDs. As the prevalence of CVDs continues to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to identify the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to their development and progression, which will help discover novel therapeutic avenues. Adipose tissue (AT) is a connective tissue that plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. However, when AT is exposed to diseased conditions, such as DM, this tissue will alter its phenotype to become dysfunctional. AT is now recognized as a critical contributor to CVDs, especially in patients with DM. AT is comprised of a heterogeneous cellular population, which includes adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). ADSCs resident in AT are believed to regulate physiological cardiac function and have potential cardioprotective roles. However, recent studies have also shown that ADSCs from various adipose tissue depots become pro-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, less angiogenic, and lose their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages upon exposure to diabetic conditions. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the physiological roles of ADSCs, the impact of DM on ADSC phenotypic changes, and how these alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B Meechem
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anshul S Jadli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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le Roux CW, Steen O, Lucas KJ, Startseva E, Unseld A, Hennige AM. Glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist survodutide for obesity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:162-173. [PMID: 38330987 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a widespread and chronic condition that requires long-term management; research into additional targets to improve treatment outcomes remains a priority. This study aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of glucagon receptor-GLP-1 receptor dual agonist survodutide (BI 456906) in obesity management. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial conducted in 43 centres in 12 countries, we enrolled participants (aged 18-75 years, BMI ≥27 kg/m2, without diabetes) and randomly assigned them by interactive response technology (1:1:1:1:1; stratified by sex) to subcutaneous survodutide (0·6, 2·4, 3·6, or 4·8 mg) or placebo once-weekly for 46 weeks (20 weeks dose escalation; 26 weeks dose maintenance). The primary endpoint was the percentage change in bodyweight from baseline to week 46. Primary analysis included the modified intention-to-treat population (defined as all randomly assigned patients who received at least one dose of trial medication and who had analysable data for at least one efficacy endpoint) and was based on the dose assigned at randomisation (planned treatment), including all data censored for COVID-19-related discontinuations; the sensitivity analysis was based on the actual dose received during maintenance phase (actual treatment) and included on-treatment data. Safety analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of study drug. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04667377) and EudraCT (2020-002479-37). FINDINGS Between March 30, 2021, and Nov 11, 2021, we enrolled 387 participants; 386 (100%) participants were treated (0·6 mg, n=77; 2·4 mg, n=78; 3·6 mg, n=77; 4·8 mg, n=77; placebo n=77) and 233 (60·4%) of 386 completed the 46-week treatment period (187 [61%] of 309 receiving survodutide; 46 [60%] of 77 receiving placebo). When analysed according to planned treatment, mean (95% CI) changes in bodyweight from baseline to week 46 were -6·2% (-8·3 to -4·1; 0·6 mg); -12·5% (-14·5 to -10·5; 2·4 mg); -13·2% (-15·3 to -11·2; 3·6 mg); -14·9% (-16·9 to -13·0; 4·8 mg); -2·8% (-4·9 to -0·7; placebo). Adverse events occurred in 281 (91%) of 309 survodutide recipients and 58 (75%) of 77 placebo recipients; these were primarily gastrointestinal in 232 (75%) of 309 survodutide recipients and 32 (42%) of 77 placebo recipients. INTERPRETATION All tested survodutide doses were tolerated, and dose-dependently reduced bodyweight. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oren Steen
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Lucas
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Consultants, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | | | - Anna Unseld
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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Singab ANB, Elhawary EA, Elkhawas YA, Fawzy IM, Moussa AY, Mostafa NM. Role of Nutraceuticals in Obesity Management: A Mechanism and Prospective Supported by Molecular Docking Studies. J Med Food 2024; 27:176-197. [PMID: 38324003 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities represent a major health problem worldwide. Treatment by reducing food intake and physical activity interventions has limited success especially with elderly people with chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals are naturally originated and successfully used for their physiological and nutritional benefit in health care. They might be alternative means to help lose weight and reduce obesity-associated metabolic disorders with the improvement of health, delay the aging process, prevention of chronic diseases, increase of life expectancy, or support to the structure or function of the body. The current study enumerates the inherent role of nutraceuticals in the management of obesity and its related comorbidities. The study is supported with the molecular docking studies discussing the mechanism of action. An attempt to optimize the role of nutraceuticals is made in this article in addition to widen the scope of its use in this chronic worldwide disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Nasser B Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmin A Elkhawas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iten M Fawzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashaimaa Y Moussa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Amiri Khosroshahi R, Mirzababaei A, Setayesh L, Bagheri R, Heidari Seyedmahalleh M, Wong A, Suzuki K, Mirzaei K. Dietary Insulin Index (DII) and Dietary Insulin load (DIL) and Caveolin gene variant interaction on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:74. [PMID: 38268038 PMCID: PMC10807169 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that Caveolin gene polymorphisms (CAV-1) are involved in chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the dietary insulin index (DII) and dietary insulin load (DIL) have been shown to potentially elicit favorable effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of DII DIL and CAV-1 interaction on CVD risk factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of 333 overweight and obese women aged 18-48 years. Dietary intakes, DII, and DIL were evaluated using the 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum profiles were measured by standard protocols. The CAV-1 rs 3,807,992 and anthropometric data were measured by the PCR-RFLP method and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), respectively. Participants were also divided into three groups based on DII, DIL score, and rs3807992 genotype. RESULTS This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 women classified as overweight or obese. Participants with A allele for the caveolin genotype and higher DII score showed significant interactions with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P for AA = 0.006 and P for AG = 0.019) and CRI-I (P for AA < 0.001 and P for AG = 0.024). In participants with AA genotype and greater DII score, interactions were observed in weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, CRI-II, fat-free mass (FFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (P < 0.079). Those with higher DIL scores and AA genotype had higher weight (P = 0.033), FFM (P = 0.022), and SMM (P = 0.024). In addition, DIL interactions for waist/hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), CRI-I, and body fat mass (BFM) among individuals with AA genotype, while an HDL interaction was observed in individuals with AG and AA (P < 0.066). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that people who carry the caveolin rs3807992 (A) allele and have greater DII and DIL scores are at higher risk for several cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome biomarkers. These results highlight that diet, gene variants, and their interaction, should be considered in the risk evaluation of developing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidari Seyedmahalleh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Abdi Dezfouli R, Mohammadian Khonsari N, Hosseinpour A, Asadi S, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M. Waist to height ratio as a simple tool for predicting mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:1286-1301. [PMID: 37770574 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of central obesity with higher rates of mortality is not well studied. This study evaluates the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), as a measure of central obesity, with mortality. METHODS Documents were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases until May 2022. Data were extracted from cohort studies reporting effect size (hazard ratio (HR)) regarding the association between WHtR as a continuous (per 1 SD increment) or categorical (highest/lowest) measure and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Screening of included studies was performed independently by two authors. Moreover, the quality assessment of included studies was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale. Finally, random effect meta-analysis was performed to pool the data, and the outcomes' certainty level was assess based on the GRADE criteria. RESULTS Of the 815 initial studies, 20 were included in the meta-analysis. Random effect meta-analysis showed that in the general population, the all-cause mortality HRs for categorical and continuous measurements of WHtR increased significantly by 23% (HR:1.23; 95% CI: 1.04-1.41) and 16% (HR:1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.25), respectively. Moreover, the hazard of cardiovascular (CVD) mortality increased significantly for categorical and continuous measurements of WHtR by 39% (HR:1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.59) and 19% (HR:1.19; 95% CI: 1.07-1.31). The quality assessment score of all included studies was high. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of WHtR, indicating central obesity, were associated with an increased hazard of CVD and all-cause mortality. This measure can be used in the clinical setting as a simple tool for predicting mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Abdi Dezfouli
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hosseinpour
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medicl Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sasan Asadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medicl Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medicl Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Aldal'in H, Al-Nadaf AH, Awadallah A, Thiab S, Bastoni HM. Methanolic extract of S. securidaca flowers, leaves, and seeds' antihyperlipidemic effects on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275382. [PMID: 37909591 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant risk factors for atherosclerosis include hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress, which together rank as three of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Securigera securidaca lowers cholesterol levels in diabetic rats' blood. This investigation's objective was to determine how methanolic extracts affected the flowers, leaves, and seeds of plants in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Five groups of animals were created (n = 5). A total of 35 days, divided into two intervals, were used for the study. Rats received HFD during the first 15-day interval, while during the second 20-day interval, they also received extracts or the Atorvastatin reference drug. The extract of seeds has a high phenol content as well as DPPH radical antioxidant activity. Extracts were given at a dose of 200 mg/kg; p.o. Methanolic treatment of S. securidaca flowers, leaves, and seeds in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats resulted in significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLC, and VLDL-C levels. HDL-C levels increased significantly because of the leaves. While in hyperlipidemic rats, seeds significantly reduced the activities of the enzymes ALT and ALP. The findings showed that, to a certain extent, seeds, flowers, and leaves may have benefits in reducing hyperlipidemia brought on by HFD in terms of lipid profiles and liver function enzymes. The findings of this study indicate a promising application prospect, but more research is needed to determine the exact mechanism of these novel compounds as antihyperlipidemic agents and to clarify their potential combination effect with synthetic drugs such as Atorvastatin. Combinations can reduce the dose of chemical medications required, which lowers the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aldal'in
- Al-Karak University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Department of Medical Support, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - A H Al-Nadaf
- Mu'tah University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - A Awadallah
- Mu'tah University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - S Thiab
- Applied Private Science University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
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Valenzuela PL, Santos-Lozano A, Saco-Ledo G, Castillo-García A, Lucia A. Obesity, cardiovascular risk, and lifestyle: cross-sectional and prospective analyses in a nationwide Spanish cohort. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1493-1501. [PMID: 37317985 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether overweight and obesity are independently associated with cardiometabolic health [as categorized based on the presence/absence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, or hypertension)], and the role of lifestyle on this association. METHODS AND RESULTS A nationwide cohort of Spanish adults (18-64 years) was studied using a cross-sectional design and prospective observational design. Lifestyle-related factors (physical activity, sleeping characteristics, alcohol drinking, and smoking) were registered, and participants were classified as having an 'unhealthy' or 'healthy' cardiometabolic status attending to the presence or absence, respectively, of ≥1 CVD risk factor. A number of 596 111 participants (44 ± 9 years, 67% male) were studied at baseline, with prospective analyses in a subcohort [n = 302 061; median follow-up, 2 years (range, 2 to 5)]. Compared to normal weight, overweight and obesity were associated with a higher prevalence [odds ratio, 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.61-1.67) and 2.70 (2.69-2.78), respectively] and incidence [1.62 (1.59-1.67) and 2.70 (2.63-2.78)] of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Meeting physical activity guidelines reduced the odds of an unhealthy cardiometabolic status at baseline [0.87 (0.85-0.88)] among individuals with overweight/obesity, as well as of transitioning from a healthy status to an unhealthy status during the follow-up [0.87 (0.84-0.94)]. No significant associations were found for the remainder of lifestyle factors. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity are independently associated with an unhealthy cardiometabolic status. Regular physical activity attenuates not only the prevalence but also the incidence of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 7ª Planta, Bloque D., Av. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, C/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, C/ del Padre Julio Chevalier, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Saco-Ledo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C. Tajo, s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Castillo-García
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, C/ 19, Av. de Madrid, Km 33,600, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), 7ª Planta, Bloque D., Av. de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C. Tajo, s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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Lane JM, Wright RO, Eggers S. The interconnection between obesity and executive function in adolescence: The role of the gut microbiome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105337. [PMID: 37524139 PMCID: PMC10592180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, adolescent obesity is a growing epidemic associated with maladaptive executive functioning. Likewise, data link the microbiome to obesity. Emerging microbiome research has demonstrated an interconnection between the gut microbiome and the brain, indicating a bidirectional communication system within the gut-microbiome-brain axis in the pathophysiology of obesity. This narrative review identifies and summarizes relevant research connecting adolescent obesity as it relates to three core domains of executive functioning and the contribution of the gut microbiome in the relationship between obesity and executive functions in adolescence. The review suggests that (1) the interconnection between obesity, executive function, and the gut microbiome is a bidirectional connection, and (2) the gut microbiome may mediate the neurobiological pathways between obesity and executive function deficits. The findings of this review provide valuable insights into obesity-associated executive function deficits and elucidate the possible mediation role of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil M Lane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Shoshannah Eggers
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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11
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Abdi Beshir S, Ahmed Elnour A, Soorya A, Parveen Mohamed A, Sir Loon Goh S, Hussain N, Al Haddad AH, Hussain F, Yousif Khidir I, Abdelnassir Z. A narrative review of approved and emerging anti-obesity medications. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101757. [PMID: 37712012 PMCID: PMC10497995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, many drugs have been approved for halting overweight and obesity-few types of research shifted to using Anti-obesity medications (AOM) solely for well-being and shape-keeping. Objective This narrative review's objective was to explore the use of AOM in relation to their medical indications, efficacy, and cardiovascular safety. Methods and materials We have conducted a narrative review of the literature on approved/non-approved AOM used for obesity and overweight. We have shed light on the emerging trials of therapies and evolving remedies. Results Recently, there has been an enormous change in the use of AOM with high consumption that deserves extensive surveillance for the long-term consequences and impact on social, mental, and physical health. Nearly six AOMs and combined therapy are approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The recent guidelines for obesity management have shifted the focus from weight loss to goals that the patient considers essential and toward targeting the root cause of obesity. Conclusion The use of AOM increased enormously despite its sometimes-dubious safety and ineffectiveness. The public and medical professionals should be vigilant to the real-world benefits of anti-obesity drugs and their achieved effectiveness with an improved safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira Abdi Beshir
- Department of clinical pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College For Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asim Ahmed Elnour
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Centre, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aadith Soorya
- College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Sheron Sir Loon Goh
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 105949, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal H.I. Al Haddad
- Chief Operation Officer, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faizah Hussain
- Department of clinical pharmacy and Therapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Israa Yousif Khidir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, (PhD, MSc, B Pharm), College of Pharmacy, University of Hail (UOH), Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Abdelnassir
- Fourth-year pharmacy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Ramezankhani A, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease stratified by traditional risk factors: Findings from the cohort of Tehran lipid and glucose study. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023; 73:36-46. [PMID: 36914096 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate the lifetime risk (LTR) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Iranian population, stratified by sex and traditional risk factors including high body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and hypercholesterolemia. METHODS We included 10222 (4430 men) participants aged ≥20 years without CVD at baseline. LTRs at index ages 20 and 40 years and number of years lived without CVD was estimated. We further assessed the effect of traditional risk factors on the LTR of CVD and the number of years lived without CVD, stratified by sex and index ages. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 18 years, 1326 participants (774 men) developed CVD and 430 (238 men) died from non-cardiovascular causes. At age 20, the remaining LTR for CVD was 66.7% (95% CI 62.9-70.4) in men and 52.0% (47.6-56.8) in women, with similar LTRs at age 40 for both men and women. The LTRs at both index ages for those with ≥3 risk factors were about 30% and 55% higher in men and women, respectively, than those without any of the five risk factors. At the age of 20, men with ≥3 risk factors lived 24.1 fewer years without CVD compared with men with no risk factors; the corresponding value was 8 years in their female counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that both sexes may benefit from effective prevention strategies early in the life course, despite the observed differences between men and women in LTR for CVD and number of years lived without CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Ramezankhani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Peng XR, Unsicker SB, Gershenzon J, Qiu MH. Structural diversity, hypothetical biosynthesis, chemical synthesis, and biological activity of Ganoderma meroterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1354-1392. [PMID: 37051770 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2018 to 2022Meroterpenoids found in fungal species of the genus Ganoderma and known as Ganoderma meroterpenoids (GMs) are substances composed of a 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzene and a polyunsaturated side chain. These substances have attracted the attention of chemists and pharmacologists due to their diverse structures and significant bioactivity. In this review, we present the structures and possible biosynthesis of representative GMs newly found from 2018 to 2022, as well as chemical synthesis and biological activity of some interesting GMs. We propose for the first time a plausible biosynthetic pathway for GMs, which will certainly motivate further research on the biosynthetic pathway in Ganoderma species, as well as on chemical synthesis of GMs as important bioactive compounds for the purpose of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Sybille B Unsicker
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
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14
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Ullah A, Ud Din A, Ding W, Shi Z, Pervaz S, Shen B. A narrative review: CXC chemokines influence immune surveillance in obesity and obesity-related diseases: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:611-631. [PMID: 37000372 PMCID: PMC10063956 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue develops lipids, aberrant adipokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as a consequence of the low-grade systemic inflammation that characterizes obesity. This low-grade systemic inflammation can lead to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the CXC chemokines consists of numerous regulators of inflammation, cellular function, and cellular migration, it is still unknown that how CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors contribute to the development of metabolic diseases (such as T2D and NAFLD) during obesity. In light of recent research, the objective of this review is to provide an update on the linkage between the CXC chemokine, obesity, and obesity-related metabolic diseases (T2D and NAFLD). We explore the differential migratory and immunomodulatory potential of CXC chemokines and their mechanisms of action to better understand their role in clinical and laboratory contexts. Besides that, because CXC chemokine profiling is strongly linked to leukocyte recruitment, macrophage recruitment, and immunomodulatory potential, we hypothesize that it could be used to predict the therapeutic potential for obesity and obesity-related diseases (T2D and NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated hospital, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Ferrera A, Battistoni A, Lanza O, Rossi C, Tocci G, Volpe M. Low Perception of Obesity as a Pathological Condition Among Italian Cardiologists. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023:10.1007/s40292-023-00588-z. [PMID: 37493899 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is not only an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor but also a chronic disease with relevant consequences on morbidity and mortality in the general population. According to European guidelines, cardiologists must recognize and treat it properly. AIMS To assess perception of obesity as a modifiable pathological condition and the importance to treat it in a real-world sample of cardiologists and residents in cardiology. METHODS A nationwide, web-based, epidemiological survey on the perception of obesity as a disease and as a modifiable cardiovascular risk factors was conducted in 137 medical doctors (cardiologists and residents in cardiology). Participants filled with their answers a questionnaire of 31 questions about perception of obesity and strategies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. RESULTS Of 137 individuals enrolled in our survey only 5 (3.6%) reported to measure waist circumference in their clinical practice and only 3 (2.2%) reported to measure waist-to-hip ratio. One-hundred-twenty participants (87.6%) would not prescribe an anti-obesity drug to a patient with grade II obesity. Sixty-eight (49.6%) participants have never read or heard of a clinical trial on obesity. On the other hand, 134 (97.8%) routinely measured blood pressure in their clinical practice, 129 (94.2%) would prescribe a statin for a hypercholesterolemic patient and 132 (96.4%) subjects have read/heard a clinical trial on type 2 diabetes in their life. CONCLUSIONS Although obesity is a chronic disease and an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor such as arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cigarette smoke and diabetes, cardiologists and residents in cardiology substantially underestimate it ignoring that it should be treated as a proper disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Ferrera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Allegra Battistoni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Lanza
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Presidio Ospedaliero Santo Spirito in Sassia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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16
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-García A, Lieberman DE, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:475-494. [PMID: 36927772 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25% of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern, obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. In this Review, we present obesity as an evolutionarily novel condition, summarize the epidemiological evidence on its detrimental cardiometabolic consequences and discuss the major mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We also examine the role of potential moderators of this association, with evidence for and against the so-called 'metabolically healthy obesity phenotype', the 'fatness but fitness' paradox or the 'obesity paradox'. Although maintenance of optimal cardiometabolic status should be a primary goal in individuals with obesity, losing body weight and, particularly, excess visceral adiposity seems to be necessary to minimize the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Cherubin M, Tebar WR, Meneghini V, Bensenor IM. Psoriasis and associated risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230038. [PMID: 37377285 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association of psoriasis with cardiovascular risk factors and psychological aspects among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study from the baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health cohort, collected between 2008 and 2010 in six state capitals of Brazil (i.e., Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo, and Vitória). Participants were active and retired civil servants from college and research institutions, aged between 35 and 74 years. Exclusion criteria included the intention to quit working at the institution, pregnancy, severe cognitive impairment, and, if retired, residence outside of a study center's corresponding area. Psoriasis case identification was based on a previous medical diagnosis of psoriasis. Cardiovascular risk profile, psychological aspects, and sociodemographic variables were investigated. RESULTS Data from 15,105 participants were analyzed (mean age of 52.3 years, 51.3% women). The prevalence of psoriasis was 1.6% (n=236). Psoriasis was associated with higher education (OR 1.94 [CI 1.07-3.52]), health insurance plan (OR 1.56 [CI 1.08-2.25]), central obesity (OR 1.63 [CI 1.10-2.40]), smoking status (former OR 1.40 [CI 1.03-1.88]; current OR 1.61 [CI 1.08-2.40]), and very bad self-perception of health (OR 7.22 [CI 2.41-21.64]), remaining significant even after multivariate adjustment. Self-reported Black participants were less likely to have psoriasis (OR 0.45 [CI 0.26-0.75]). CONCLUSION In a sample of healthy workers, psoriasis was associated with central obesity, smoking, and a very bad self-perception of health, which may contribute to future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Cherubin
- Instituto de Medicina, Estudos e Desenvolvimento, Faculdade Meridional - Passo Fundo (RS), Brazil
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vandrize Meneghini
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Isabela Martins Bensenor
- Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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18
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Helm MM, Alaba T, Klimis-Zacas D, Izuora K, Basu A. Effect of Dietary Berry Supplementation on Antioxidant Biomarkers in Adults with Cardiometabolic Risks: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1182. [PMID: 37371912 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic conditions are closely associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Dietary berries may serve as a beneficial nutrition intervention to address the features of cardiometabolic dysfunction and associated oxidative stress. The high antioxidant status of dietary berries may increase antioxidant capacity and reduce biomarkers of oxidative stress. This systematic review was conducted to investigate these effects of dietary berries. The search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and citation searching. Through this search we identified 6309 articles and 54 were included in the review. Each study's risk of bias was assessed using the 2019 Cochrane Methods' Risk of Bias 2 tool. Antioxidant and oxidative stress outcomes were evaluated, and the magnitude of effect was calculated using Cohen's d. A range of effectiveness was reported in the included studies and the quality of the studies differed between the parallel and crossover trials. Considering the inconsistency in reported effectiveness, future investigations are warranted to determine the acute and sustained reductions of oxidative stress biomarkers from dietary berry intake (PROSPERO registration# CRD42022374654).
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy M Helm
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Tolu Alaba
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Kenneth Izuora
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Peng SY, Tseng YJ, Hsieh YC, Chen RA, Huang HS, Chen YH, Chuang HL, Hsu CC, Shen TCD, Yang KC, Ho CT, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Ginger essential oil and citral ameliorates atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice by modulating trimethylamine-N-oxide and gut microbiota. NPJ Sci Food 2023; 7:19. [PMID: 37210385 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-023-00196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), has gained considerable research attention. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is formed during ʟ-carnitine metabolism, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, causing thrombosis. Here, we elucidated the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanism of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) essential oil (GEO) and its bioactive compound citral in Gubra Amylin NASH (GAN) diet with ʟ-carnitine-induced atherosclerosis female ApoE-/- mice. Treatment with GEO at both low and high doses and citral inhibited the formation of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, improved plasma lipid profile, reduced blood sugar, improved insulin resistance, decreased plasma TMAO levels, and inhibited plasma inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-1β. Additionally, GEO and citral treatment modulated gut microbiota diversity and composition by increasing the abundance of beneficial microbes and decreasing the abundance of CVD-related microbes. Overall, these results showed that GEO and citral may serve as potential dietary supplements for CVD prevention by improving gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sin-Yi Peng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yea-Jing Tseng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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20
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Haș IM, Teleky BE, Vodnar DC, Ștefănescu BE, Tit DM, Nițescu M. Polyphenols and Cardiometabolic Health: Knowledge and Concern among Romanian People. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102281. [PMID: 37242164 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiometabolic health of the population is a crucial indicator of public health, considering the significant impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes on global mortality. Determining the population's knowledge and the predictors of these pathologies is essential in developing effective educational and clinical strategies for the prevention and management of cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Polyphenols are natural compounds with a multitude of beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health. This study explored the current knowledge, understanding, and awareness of CMR, the benefits of polyphenols among Romanians, and how sociodemographic and clinical characteristics influence this aspect. Five hundred forty-six subjects responded anonymously to an online questionnaire designed to assess their knowledge. The data were collected and analyzed based on gender, age, education level, and BMI status. Most respondents expressed concern to a great or very great extent about their health (78%) and food (60%), with significant differences (p < 0.05) depending on age, educational level, and BMI status. Of the respondents, 64.8% declared that they were familiar with the CMR term. Still, the results showed a weak correlation between the stated risk factors and the self-assessment of increased risk (r = 0.027) for CVD or diabetes. Only 35% of the respondents reported a good or very good knowledge of the term "polyphenols", 86% recognized the antioxidant effect, and significantly fewer (26%) recognized the prebiotic effect. Developing and implementing targeted educational strategies to enhance learning and individual behaviors related to CMR factors and the benefits of polyphenols is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mariana Haș
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Eugenia Ștefănescu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 N. Jiga St., 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Nițescu
- Department of Preclinical-Complementary Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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21
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Mewborn E, Stanfill A. Oxidative Stress Underpins Clinical, Social, and Genetic Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2023; 17:11795468231170779. [PMID: 37153696 PMCID: PMC10155032 DOI: 10.1177/11795468231170779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and is poorly predicted with current risk estimation tools. The biological mechanisms relating ASCVD risk factors to oxidative stress (OS) and how this accumulates ASCVD risk are misunderstood. Purpose To develop a comprehensive conceptual model explaining how expanded clinical, social, and genetic ASCVD risk factors accumulate ASCVD risk through OS. Conclusions OS (primarily from excess reactive oxygen species) and inflammation are present along the entire ASCVD pathophysiologic continuum. An expanded list of clinical and social ASCVD risk factors (including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, inflammatory diseases, substance use, poor nutrition, psychosocial stress, air pollution, race, and genetic ancestry) influence ASCVD largely through increased OS. Many risk factors exert a positive feedback mechanism to increase OS. One genetic risk factor, haptoglobin (Hp) genotype, is associated with higher ASCVD risk in diabetes and hypothesized to do the same in those with insulin resistance due to the Hp 2-2 genotype increasing OS. Implications Understanding the biological mechanisms of OS informs how these ASCVD risk factors relate to each other and compound ASCVD risk. Individualized ASCVD risk estimation should include a comprehensive, holistic perspective of risk factors to better address the clinical, social, and genetic influences of OS. Preventing and reducing OS is key to preventing ASCVD development or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mewborn
- University of Tennessee Health Science
Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Emily Mewborn, University of Tennessee
Health Science Center, 874 Union Avenue, Suite G022B, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Ansley Stanfill
- University of Tennessee Health Science
Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care,
College of Nursing, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN,
USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and
Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center,
Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Habanova M, Holovicova M, Scepankova H, Lorkova M, Gazo J, Gazarova M, Pinto CA, Saraiva JA, Estevinho LM. Modulation of Lipid Profile and Lipoprotein Subfractions in Overweight/Obese Women at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases through the Consumption of Apple/Berry Juice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2239. [PMID: 36421425 PMCID: PMC9686658 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol-rich foods protect the cellular systems of the human body from oxidative damage, thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). We investigated the effect of phenolic-rich apple/berry juice (chokeberry, blueberry, and cranberry) on lipidemic profiles in overweight/obese women. The 6 week single-arm pre-post intervention study involved 20 women (mean age 52.95 ± 5.8 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and ≥1 CVD risk factors) consuming 300 mL/day of the apple/berry juice. Lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions assessed using Lipoprint® electrophoresis, and other parameters related to cardiovascular risk (C-reactive protein, glucose, blood pressure) were analyzed before and again after the intervention in the monitored group of women. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased from 1.30 ± 0.29 to 1.55 ± 0.32, magnesium from 0.85 ± 0.03 to 0.90 ± 0.05, and total antioxidant status from 1.68 ± 0.08 to 1.81 ± 0.10. The LDL/HDL ratio significantly decreased from 3.40 ± 0.99 to 2.66 ± 0.63 mmol/L, and the glucose from 5.50 ± 0.72 to 5.24 ± 0.74 mmol/L. However, the hs-CRP did not change significantly. Women with atherogenic subfractions LDL3-7 at baseline (n = 6) showed a significant reduction from 0.45 ± 0.19 to 0.09 ± 0.07 mmol/L. Overweight/obese women may benefit from apple/berry juice as part of a healthy lifestyle to improve their lipid profile, and thus, contribute to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Habanova
- The Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Maria Holovicova
- The AgroBioTech Research Center, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Hana Scepankova
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Marta Lorkova
- The AgroBioTech Research Center, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jan Gazo
- The Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martina Gazarova
- The Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Carlos A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Leticia M. Estevinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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23
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Sanchez-Johnsen L, Dykema-Engblade A, Rosas CE, Calderon L, Rademaker A, Nava M, Hassan C. Mexican and Puerto Rican Men's Preferences Regarding a Healthy Eating, Physical Activity and Body Image Intervention. Nutrients 2022; 14:4634. [PMID: 36364897 PMCID: PMC9654900 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the logistical, practical, and cultural preferences of Latinos regarding the design of a healthy eating, physical activity, and body image intervention. Puerto Rican and Mexican men (n = 203) completed an interview as part of an NIH-funded study. Overall, 66.5% preferred the intervention to be in Spanish only or both Spanish and English; 88.67% said it was moderately, very or extremely important for the intervention leader to be bilingual; and 66.01% considered it moderately to extremely important for the leader to be Hispanic or Latino. Most participants (83.74%) reported they would be willing to attend an intervention that met twice per week and 74.38% said they would be willing to attend an intervention that met for 1.5 to 2 h, twice weekly. Overall, the majority said they would be moderately to extremely interested in attending an exercise program if it consisted of aerobics with Latin or salsa movements (74.88%) and if it consisted of aerobics with Latin or salsa music (70.44%). Some participants were moderately to extremely interested in attending an intervention if it included dichos (Latino sayings) (65.02%) and cuentos (folktales or stories) (69.46%). The findings have implications for lifestyle and body image interventions aimed at preventing cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Amanda Dykema-Engblade
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St. Louis Ave, Chicago, IL 60625, USA
| | - Carlos E. Rosas
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Blvd, Suite 302, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Leonilda Calderon
- Puerto Rican Cultural Center, 2628 W. Division St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite #1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Magdalena Nava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave Suite #1100, Chicago, IL 60601, USA
| | - Chandra Hassan
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street (MC 958), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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24
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Hosseininasab D, Mirzababaei A, Abaj F, Firoozi R, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. Are there any interactions between modified Nordic-style diet score and MC4R polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors among overweight and obese women? A cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:221. [PMID: 36050672 PMCID: PMC9434967 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women globally. Recent studies have reported that the minor allele (C allele) for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 may be related to the incidence of obesity and the risk of CVD. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the interactions between the modified Nordic-style diet score (MND) and MC4R gene variant on markers of CVD. METHODS The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 282 Iranian women, aged 18-48 years, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25. MND score was assessed using a 147 items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Genotyping of the MC4R (rs17782313) was conducted by the PCR method. The anthropometric measurements and serum profiles were assessed by standard protocols. RESULTS The means and standard deviation (SD) of age, weight, and BMI of individuals were 36.67 ± 9.10 years, 81.29 ± 12.43 kg, and 31.26 ± 4.29 kg/m2, respectively. The overall prevalence of rs17782313 genotypes was 30.1%, 24.8%, and 45.1% for TT, TC, and CC, respectively. Our results showed significant negative interactions between high MND score and rs17782313 SNP in terms of visceral fat level (VFL) (β: -10.84, 95% CI: -20.64 to -1.04, P = 0.03) and total cholesterol (β: -24.24, 95% CI: -49.87 to 1.38, P = 0.06) in the crude model. After adjusting confounders, the interaction between high MND scores and VFL remained significant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that diet, gene variants, and their interaction should be considered in metabolic disease risk assessment. Further studies are needed to confirm these data and better elucidate the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Hosseininasab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Firoozi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Akter S, Akhter H, Chaudhury HS, Rahman MH, Gorski A, Hasan MN, Shin Y, Rahman MA, Nguyen MN, Choi TG, Kim SS. Dietary carbohydrates: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Biofactors 2022; 48:1036-1059. [PMID: 36102254 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common feature in obesity, comprising a cluster of abnormalities including abdominal fat accumulation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, leading to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Intake of carbohydrates (CHO), particularly a sugary diet that rapidly increases blood glucose, triglycerides, and blood pressure levels is the predominant determining factor of MetS. Complex CHO, on the other hand, are a stable source of energy taking a longer time to digest. In particular, resistant starch (RS) or soluble fiber is an excellent source of prebiotics, which alter the gut microbial composition, which in turn improves metabolic control. Altering maternal CHO intake during pregnancy may result in the child developing MetS. Furthermore, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity in combination with dietary habits may synergistically influence gene expression by modulating genetic and epigenetic regulators transforming childhood obesity into adolescent metabolic disorders. This review summarizes the common pathophysiology of MetS in connection with the nature of CHO, intrauterine nutrition, genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and advanced treatment approaches; it also emphasizes how dietary CHO may act as a key element in the pathogenesis and future therapeutic targets of obesity and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Hajara Akhter
- Biomedical and Toxicological Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Habib Sadat Chaudhury
- Department of Biochemistry, International Medical College Hospital, Tongi 1711, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew Gorski
- Department of Philosophy in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Global Biotechnology & Biomedical Research Network (GBBRN), Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Pristine Pharmaceuticals, Patuakhali 8600, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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26
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How Unawareness of Weight Excess Can Increase Cardiovascular Risk? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11174944. [PMID: 36078874 PMCID: PMC9456266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11174944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence in all age groups. Many overweight and obese people seem to be unaware of excess body weight. Aim: Analysis of people affected by the misperception of excess body weight and their eating behaviors simultaneously with selected health parameters. Methods: The study was conducted in 2017–2019 among 658 participants aged 20–79 from the population study—Bialystok PLUS (Poland). Results were based on clinical examinations and questionnaires. Results: Unawareness of overweight and obesity is common among adults (21.7%). Participants unaware of their overweight and obesity presented much higher risk factors. A high cardiovascular risk profile was observed more often among people not aware of overweight and obesity than among normal weight people (23.0% vs. 10.0%) as well as more common asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis (49.7% vs. 31.3%). The subjective perception of overweight and obesity based on BMI (body mass index) was equal to 26.4 kg/m2 in women and 27.9 kg/m2 in men. The assessment of their diet was less favorable than that of people with normal weight. Conclusions: Unawareness of one’s excessive weight and its health consequences may lead to hesitancy to apply a healthy lifestyle and hence increase the cardiovascular risk in a substantial part of society. Therefore, it should be considered a part of the cardiovascular disease risk spectrum. Measurement of BMI and discussion about its health implications should be a routine procedure during healthcare contacts.
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27
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Agareva M, Stafeev I, Michurina S, Sklyanik I, Shestakova E, Ratner E, Hu X, Menshikov M, Shestakova M, Parfyonova Y. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Facilitates Shift of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Ex Vivo Differentiation toward Osteogenesis among Patients with Obesity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050688. [PMID: 35629356 PMCID: PMC9146836 DOI: 10.3390/life12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Sedentary behavior with overnutrition provokes the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The main progenitor cells of adipose tissue are adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) which can change differentiation, metabolic, and secretory phenotypes under obesity conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ADSC osteogenesis activity among patients with obesity in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and T2DM conditions. Methods: In the study, ADSCs from donors with obesity were used. After clinical characterization, all patients underwent bariatric surgery and ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous fat biopsies. ADSCs were subjected to osteogenic differentiation, stained with Alizarin Red S, and harvested for real-time PCR and Western blotting. Cell senescence was evaluated with a β-galactosidase-activity-based assay. Results: Our results demonstrated the significantly increased calcification of ADSC on day 28 of osteogenesis in the T2DM group. These data were confirmed by the statistically significant enhancement of RUNX2 gene expression, which is a master regulator of osteogenesis. Protein expression analysis showed the increased expression of syndecan 1 and collagen I before and during osteogenesis, respectively. Moreover, T2DM ADSCs demonstrated an increased level of cellular senescence. Conclusion: We suggest that T2DM-associated cellular senescence can cause ADSC differentiation to shift toward osteogenesis, the impaired formation of new fat depots in adipose tissue, and the development of insulin resistance. The balance between ADSC adipo- and osteogenesis commitment is crucial for the determination of the metabolic fate of patients and their adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Agareva
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after M.V. Lomonosov, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (E.R.); (M.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Iurii Stafeev
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (E.R.); (M.M.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Svetlana Michurina
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (E.R.); (M.M.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Sklyanik
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Shestakova
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Elizaveta Ratner
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (E.R.); (M.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (E.R.); (M.M.); (Y.P.)
| | - Marina Shestakova
- Institute of Diabetes, Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- Department of Angiogenesis, National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (S.M.); (E.R.); (M.M.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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28
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Khashayar P, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Editorial: Association of novel anthropometric indexes with metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:951571. [PMID: 36004337 PMCID: PMC9393734 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.951571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystems Technology, Imec & Ghent University, Zwijnaarde-Gent, Belgium
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, ; Mostafa Qorbani,
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, ; Mostafa Qorbani,
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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