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Zhu Y, Self WK, Holtzman DM. An emerging role for the gut microbiome in tauopathy. Neurotherapeutics 2024:e00423. [PMID: 38964948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies constitute a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal aggregation of the protein tau, progressive neuronal and synaptic loss, and eventual cognitive and motor impairment. In this review, we will highlight the latest efforts investigating the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and tauopathies. We discuss the physiological interactions between the microbiome and the brain as well as clinical and experimental evidence that suggests that the presence of tauopathy alters the composition of gut microbiota. We explore both animal and human studies that define causative relationships between the gut microbiome and tauopathy by directly manipulating or transferring gut microbiota. This review highlights future directions into identifying and mechanistically elucidating microbial species causally linked to tauopathies, with an ultimate goal of devising therapeutic targets towards the gut microbiome to treat tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Wade K Self
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110.
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2
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Taylor CE, Mendenhall LE, Sunshine MD, Wilson JN, Calulot CM, Sun RC, Johnson LA, Alilain WJ. Sex and APOE genotype influence respiratory function under hypoxic and hypoxic-hypercapnic conditions. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:23-33. [PMID: 38748407 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00255.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been studied due to its influence on Alzheimer's disease (AD) development and work in an APOE mouse model recently demonstrated impaired respiratory motor plasticity following spinal cord injury (SCI). Individuals with AD often copresent with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) characterized by cessations in breathing during sleep. Despite the prominence of APOE genotype and sex as factors in AD progression, little is known about the impact of these variables on respiratory control. Ventilation is tightly regulated across many systems, with respiratory rhythm formation occurring in the brainstem but modulated in response to chemoreception. Alterations within these modulatory systems may result in disruptions of appropriate respiratory control and ultimately, disease. Using mice expressing two different humanized APOE alleles, we characterized how sex and the presence of APOE3 or APOE4 influences ventilation during baseline breathing (normoxia) and during respiratory challenges. We show that sex and APOE genotype influence breathing during hypoxic challenge, which may have clinical implications in the context of AD and OSA. In addition, female mice, while responding robustly to hypoxia, were unable to recover to baseline respiratory levels, emphasizing sex differences in disordered breathing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to use whole body plethysmography (WBP) to measure the impact of APOE alleles on breathing under normoxia and during adverse respiratory challenges in a targeted replacement Alzheimer's model. Both sex and genotype were shown to affect breathing under normoxia, hypoxic challenge, and hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge. This work has important implications regarding the impact of genetics on respiratory control as well as applications pertaining to conditions of disordered breathing including sleep apnea and neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase E Taylor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Laura E Mendenhall
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Michael D Sunshine
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Jessica N Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Chris M Calulot
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Lance A Johnson
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Warren J Alilain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Williams ZAP, Lang L, Nicolas S, Clarke G, Cryan J, Vauzour D, Nolan YM. Do microbes play a role in Alzheimer's disease? Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14462. [PMID: 38593310 PMCID: PMC11003713 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a complex and progressive condition that affects essential neurological functions such as memory and reasoning. In the brain, neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, proteinopathy, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. In addition, recent evidence has highlighted that microbes, whether commensal or pathogenic, also have the ability to interact with their host and to regulate its immune system, therefore participating in the exchanges that lead to peripheral inflammation and neuropathology. Because of this intimate relationship, bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa have been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we bring together current and most recent evidence of the role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease, raising burning questions that need to be addressed to guide therapeutic approaches and potential prophylactic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë A. P. Williams
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Leonie Lang
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural ScienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - John Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Yvonne M. Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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4
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Reyes-Reyes EM, Brown J, Trial MD, Chinnasamy D, Wiegand JP, Bradford D, Brinton RD, Rodgers KE. Vivaria housing conditions expose sex differences in brain oxidation, microglial activation, and immune system states in aged hAPOE4 mice. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:543-557. [PMID: 38206365 PMCID: PMC10894770 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) is the predominant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 mouse models have provided advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis, but unaccounted variables like rodent housing status may hinder translational outcomes. Non-sterile aspects like food and bedding can be major sources of changes in rodent microflora. Alterations in intestinal microbial ecology can cause mucosal barrier impairment and increase pro-inflammatory signals. The present study examined the role of sterile and non-sterile food and housing on redox indicators and the immune status of humanized-APOE4 knock-in mice (hAPOe4). hAPOE4 mice were housed under sterile conditions until 22 months of age, followed by the transfer of a cohort of mice to non-sterile housing for 2 months. At 24 months of age, the redox/immunologic status was evaluated by flow cytometry/ELISA. hAPOE4 females housed under non-sterile conditions exhibited: (1) higher neuronal and microglial oxygen radical production and (2) lower CD68+ microglia (brain) and CD8+ T cells (periphery) compared to sterile-housed mice. In contrast, hAPOE4 males in non-sterile housing exhibited: (1) higher MHCII+ microglia and CD11b+CD4+ T cells (brain) and (2) higher CD11b+CD4+ T cells and levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and inflammatory cytokines in the periphery relative to sterile-housed mice. This study demonstrated that sterile vs. non-sterile housing conditions are associated with the activation of redox and immune responses in the brain and periphery in a sex-dependent manner. Therefore, housing status may contribute to variable outcomes in both the brain and periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Reyes-Reyes
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - J Brown
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - M D Trial
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - D Chinnasamy
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - J P Wiegand
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
| | - D Bradford
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R D Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - K E Rodgers
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N. Cherry Ave, PO Box 210242, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0242, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Wilson JN, Kigerl KA, Sunshine MD, Taylor CE, Speed SL, Rose BC, Calulot CM, Dong BE, Hawkinson TR, Clarke HA, Bachstetter AD, Waters CM, Sun RC, Popovich PG, Alilain WJ. Targeting the Microbiome to Improve Gut Health and Breathing Function After Spinal Cord Injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.23.546264. [PMID: 38187534 PMCID: PMC10769193 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition characterized by impaired motor and sensory function, as well as internal organ pathology and dysfunction. This internal organ dysfunction, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) complications, and neurogenic bowel, can reduce the quality of life of individuals with an SCI and potentially hinder their recovery. The gut microbiome impacts various central nervous system functions and has been linked to a number of health and disease states. An imbalance of the gut microbiome, i.e., gut dysbiosis, contributes to neurological disease and may influence recovery and repair processes after SCI. Here we examine the impact of high cervical SCI on the gut microbiome and find that transient gut dysbiosis with persistent gut pathology develops after SCI. Importantly, probiotic treatment improves gut health and respiratory motor function measured through whole-body plethysmography. Concurrent with these improvements was a systemic decrease in the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and an increase in neurite sprouting and regenerative potential of neurons. Collectively, these data reveal the gut microbiome as an important therapeutic target to improve visceral organ health and respiratory motor recovery after SCI. Research Highlights Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) causes transient gut dysbiosis and persistent gastrointestinal (GI) pathology.Treatment with probiotics after SCI leads to a healthier GI tract and improved respiratory motor recovery.Probiotic treatment decreases systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increases the potential for sprouting and regeneration of neurons after SCI.The gut microbiome is a valid target to improve motor function and secondary visceral health after SCI.
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Zhang H, Hu W, Liu R, Bartlam M, Wang Y. Low and high nucleic acid content bacteria play discrepant roles in response to various carbon supply modes. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:3703-3718. [PMID: 37964717 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Planktonic bacteria can be grouped into 'high nucleic acid content (HNA) bacteria' and 'low nucleic acid content (LNA) bacteria.' Nutrient input modes vary in environments, causing nutrient availability heterogeneity. We incubated them with equal amounts of total glucose added in a continuous/pulsed mode. The pulse-treated LNA bacteria exhibited twice the cell abundance and four times the viability of the continuous-treated LNA, while HNA did not show an adaptation to pulsed treatment. In structural equation modelling, LNA bacteria had higher path coefficients than HNA, between growth and carbon-saving metabolic pathways, intracellular ATP and the inorganic energy storage polymer, polyphosphate, indicating their low-cost growth, and flexible energy storage and utilisation. After incubation, the pulse-treated LNA bacteria contained more proteins and polysaccharides (0.00064, 0.0012 ng cell-1 ) than the continuous-treated LNA (0.00014, 0.00014 ng cell-1 ), conferring endurance and rapid response to pulses. Compared to LNA, HNA keystone taxa had stronger correlations with the primary glucose metabolism step, glycolysis, and occupied leading positions to explain the random forest model. They are essential to introduce glucose into the element cycling of the whole community under both treatments. Our work outlines a systematic bacterial response to carbon input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruidan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mark Bartlam
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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7
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Chang YH, Yanckello LM, Chlipala GE, Green SJ, Aware C, Runge A, Xing X, Chen A, Wenger K, Flemister A, Wan C, Lin AL. Prebiotic inulin enhances gut microbial metabolism and anti-inflammation in apolipoprotein E4 mice with sex-specific implications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15116. [PMID: 37704738 PMCID: PMC10499887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been identified as a crucial factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development for apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriers. Inulin has shown the potential to mitigate dysbiosis. However, it remains unclear whether the dietary response varies depending on sex. In the study, we fed 4-month-old APOE4 mice with inulin for 16 weeks and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing to determine changes in microbiome diversity, taxonomy, and functional gene pathways. We also formed the same experiments with APOE3 mice to identify whether there are APOE-genotype dependent responses to inulin. We found that APOE4 female mice fed with inulin had restored alpha diversity, significantly reduced Escherichia coli and inflammation-associated pathway responses. However, compared with APOE4 male mice, they had less metabolic responses, including the levels of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria and the associated kinases, especially those related to acetate and Erysipelotrichaceae. These diet- and sex- effects were less pronounced in the APOE3 mice, indicating that different APOE variants also play a significant role. The findings provide insights into the higher susceptibility of APOE4 females to AD, potentially due to inefficient energy production, and imply the importance of considering precision nutrition for mitigating dysbiosis and AD risk in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Lucille M Yanckello
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - George E Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chetan Aware
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Amelia Runge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Anna Chen
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Kathryn Wenger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Abeoseh Flemister
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Hammond TC, Green SJ, Jacobs Y, Chlipala GE, Xing X, Heil S, Chen A, Aware C, Flemister A, Stromberg A, Balchandani P, Lin AL. Gut microbiome association with brain imaging markers, APOE genotype, calcium and vegetable intakes, and obesity in healthy aging adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1227203. [PMID: 37736325 PMCID: PMC10510313 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1227203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advanced age is a significant factor in changes to brain physiology and cognitive functions. Recent research has highlighted the critical role of the gut microbiome in modulating brain functions during aging, which can be influenced by various factors such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variance, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and dietary intake. However, the associations between the gut microbiome and these factors, as well as brain structural, vascular, and metabolic imaging markers, have not been well explored. Methods We recruited 30 community dwelling older adults between age 55-85 in Kentucky. We collected the medical history from the electronic health record as well as the Dietary Screener Questionnaire. We performed APOE genotyping with an oral swab, gut microbiome analysis using metagenomics sequencing, and brain structural, vascular, and metabolic imaging using MRI. Results Individuals with APOE e2 and APOE e4 genotypes had distinct microbiota composition, and higher level of pro-inflammatory microbiota were associated higher BMI and diabetes. In contrast, calcium- and vegetable-rich diets were associated with microbiota that produced short chain fatty acids leading to an anti-inflammatory state. We also found that important gut microbial butyrate producers were correlated with the volume of the thalamus and corpus callosum, which are regions of the brain responsible for relaying and processing information. Additionally, putative proinflammatory species were negatively correlated with GABA production, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Furthermore, we observed that the relative abundance of bacteria from the family Eggerthellaceae, equol producers, was correlated with white matter integrity in tracts connecting the brain regions related to language, memory, and learning. Discussion These findings highlight the importance of gut microbiome association with brain health in aging population and could have important implications aimed at optimizing healthy brain aging through precision prebiotic, probiotic or dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Hammond
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stefan J. Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yael Jacobs
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - George E. Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xin Xing
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Sally Heil
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Anna Chen
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chetan Aware
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Abeoseh Flemister
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Priti Balchandani
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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9
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Yang LG, March ZM, Stephenson RA, Narayan PS. Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023:S1043-2760(23)00092-9. [PMID: 37357100 PMCID: PMC10365028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism has emerged as a central component of many neurodegenerative diseases. Variants of the lipid transport protein, apolipoprotein E (APOE), modulate risk and resilience in several neurodegenerative diseases including late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Allelic variants of the gene, APOE, alter the lipid metabolism of cells and tissues and have been broadly associated with several other cellular and systemic phenotypes. Targeting APOE-associated metabolic pathways may offer opportunities to alter disease-related phenotypes and consequently, attenuate disease risk and impart resilience to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We review the molecular, cellular, and tissue-level alterations to lipid metabolism that arise from different APOE isoforms. These changes in lipid metabolism could help to elucidate disease mechanisms and tune neurodegenerative disease risk and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Yang
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zachary M March
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roxan A Stephenson
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka S Narayan
- Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Smith CJ, Ashford JW. Apolipoprotein ɛ4-Associated Protection Against Pediatric Enteric Infections is a Survival Advantage in Pre-Industrial Populations. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221218. [PMID: 37125551 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Until 300,000 years ago, ancestors of modern humans ubiquitously carried the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4/ɛ4 genotype, when the ɛ3 allele mutated from the ancestral ɛ4, which elevates the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Modern humans living today predominantly carry the ɛ3 allele, which provides protection against heart disease and dementia in long-lived populations. The ancestral ɛ4 allele has been highly preserved in isolated populations in tropical and Arctic regions with high pathogen burdens, e.g., helminths. Early humans experienced serious enteric infections that exerted evolutionary selection pressure, and factors that mitigate infant and childhood mortality from enteric infections also exert selection pressure. Some bacteria can exploit the host's defensive inflammatory response to colonize and invade the host. Pathogen-induced inflammation associated with infant and childhood diarrhea can damage the gut wall long after the invading organisms are no longer present. Inflammation not only resides in the mucosal wall, but also induces systemic inflammation. Baseline systemic inflammation is lower in ɛ4 carriers, yet ɛ4 carriers display a stronger host inflammatory response that reduces pathogen burdens, increasing infant and early childhood survival. Evolutionary selection of the ɛ3 allele likely occurred after humans moved into temperate zones with lower pathogen burdens, unrelated to protection from Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Wesson Ashford
- Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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11
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Cammann D, Lu Y, Cummings MJ, Zhang ML, Cue JM, Do J, Ebersole J, Chen X, Oh EC, Cummings JL, Chen J. Genetic correlations between Alzheimer's disease and gut microbiome genera. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5258. [PMID: 37002253 PMCID: PMC10066300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that dysbiosis of the human gut microbiota is associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) via neuroinflammatory processes across the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota affects brain health through the secretion of toxins and short-chain fatty acids, which modulates gut permeability and numerous immune functions. Observational studies indicate that AD patients have reduced microbiome diversity, which could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Uncovering the genetic basis of microbial abundance and its effect on AD could suggest lifestyle changes that may reduce an individual's risk for the disease. Using the largest genome-wide association study of gut microbiota genera from the MiBioGen consortium, we used polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses with the "best-fit" model implemented in PRSice-2 and determined the genetic correlation between 119 genera and AD in a discovery sample (ADc12 case/control: 1278/1293). To confirm the results from the discovery sample, we next repeated the PRS analysis in a replication sample (GenADA case/control: 799/778) and then performed a meta-analysis with the PRS results from both samples. Finally, we conducted a linear regression analysis to assess the correlation between the PRSs for the significant genera and the APOE genotypes. In the discovery sample, 20 gut microbiota genera were initially identified as genetically associated with AD case/control status. Of these 20, three genera (Eubacterium fissicatena as a protective factor, Collinsella, and Veillonella as a risk factor) were independently significant in the replication sample. Meta-analysis with discovery and replication samples confirmed that ten genera had a significant correlation with AD, four of which were significantly associated with the APOE rs429358 risk allele in a direction consistent with their protective/risk designation in AD association. Notably, the proinflammatory genus Collinsella, identified as a risk factor for AD, was positively correlated with the APOE rs429358 risk allele in both samples. Overall, the host genetic factors influencing the abundance of ten genera are significantly associated with AD, suggesting that these genera may serve as biomarkers and targets for AD treatment and intervention. Our results highlight that proinflammatory gut microbiota might promote AD development through interaction with APOE. Larger datasets and functional studies are required to understand their causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Cammann
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Yimei Lu
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Melika J Cummings
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Mark L Zhang
- Columbia University, West 116 St and Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Joan Manuel Cue
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Jenifer Do
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Edwin C Oh
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UNLV School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Cummings
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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12
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Unión-Caballero A, Meroño T, Andrés-Lacueva C, Hidalgo-Liberona N, Rabassa M, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Fedecostante M, Zamora-Ros R, Cherubini A. Apolipoprotein E gene variants shape the association between dietary fibre intake and cognitive decline risk in community-dwelling older adults. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7008633. [PMID: 36729469 PMCID: PMC10144730 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND healthy dietary patterns have been associated with lower risk for age-related cognitive decline. However, little is known about the specific role of dietary fibre on cognitive decline in older adults. OBJECTIVE this study aimed to examine the association between dietary fibre and cognitive decline in older adults and to assess the influence of genetic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics in this association. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS the Invecchiare in Chianti, aging in the Chianti area study is a cohort study of community-dwelling older adults from Italy. Cognitive function, dietary and clinical data were collected at baseline and years 3, 6, 9 and 15. Our study comprised 848 participants aged ≥ 65 years (56% female) with 2,038 observations. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES cognitive decline was defined as a decrease ≥3 units in the Mini-Mental State Examination score during consecutive visits. Hazard ratios for cognitive decline were estimated using time-dependent Cox regression models. RESULTS energy-adjusted fibre intake was not associated with cognitive decline during the 15-years follow-up (P > 0.05). However, fibre intake showed a significant interaction with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) haplotype for cognitive decline (P = 0.02). In participants with APOE-ɛ4 haplotype, an increase in 5 g/d of fibre intake was significantly associated with a 30% lower risk for cognitive decline. No association was observed in participants with APOE-ɛ2 and APOE-ɛ3 haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE dietary fibre intake was not associated with cognitive decline amongst older adults for 15 years of follow-up. Nonetheless, older subjects with APOE-ɛ4 haplotype may benefit from higher fibre intakes based on the reduced risk for cognitive decline in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Unión-Caballero
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rabassa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Massimiliano Fedecostante
- Geriatria, Accettazione geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Raúl Zamora-Ros
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Xarxa d'Innovació Alimentària (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
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13
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Chen B, Yi J, Xu Y, Wen H, Tian F, Liu Y, Xiao L, Li L, Liu B. Apolipoprotein E knockout may affect cognitive function in D-galactose-induced aging mice through the gut microbiota–brain axis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:939915. [PMID: 36188475 PMCID: PMC9520596 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.939915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) can affect the composition of the gut microbiota and is closely related to the CNS. However, the mechanism by which ApoE affects cognitive dysfunction through the gut microbiota–brain axis has thus far not been investigated. In this study, we used wild-type mice and ApoE knockout (ApoE–/–) mice to replicate the aging model and examined the effects of ApoE deletion on cognitive function, hippocampal ultrastructure, synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) in aging mice. We also explored whether ApoE deletion affects the gut microbiota and the metabolite profile of the hippocampus in aging mice and finally examined the effect of ApoE deletion on lipids and oxidative stress in aging mice. The results showed that the deletion of ApoE aggravated cognitive dysfunction, hippocampal synaptic ultrastructural damage and dysregulation of SYP and PSD-95 expression in aging mice. Furthermore, ApoE deletion reduced gut microbial makeup in aging mice. Further studies showed that ApoE deletion altered the hippocampal metabolic profile and aggravated dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in aging mice. In brief, our findings suggest that loss of ApoE alters the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn may affect cognitive function in aging mice through the gut microbiota–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqian Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqiao Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fengming Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingfei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lisong Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Baiyan Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Baiyan Liu,
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14
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Sebastiani P, Song Z, Ellis D, Tian Q, Schwaiger-Haber M, Stancliffe E, Lustgarten MS, Funk CC, Baloni P, Yao CH, Joshi S, Marron MM, Gurinovich A, Li M, Leshchyk A, Xiang Q, Andersen SL, Feitosa MF, Ukraintseva S, Soerensen M, Fiehn O, Ordovas JM, Haigis M, Monti S, Barzilai N, Milman S, Ferrucci L, Rappaport N, Patti GJ, Perls TT. A metabolomic signature of the APOE2 allele. GeroScience 2022; 45:415-426. [PMID: 35997888 PMCID: PMC9886693 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With the goal of identifying metabolites that significantly correlate with the protective e2 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, we established a consortium of five studies of healthy aging and extreme human longevity with 3545 participants. This consortium includes the New England Centenarian Study, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, the Arivale study, the Longevity Genes Project/LonGenity studies, and the Long Life Family Study. We analyzed the association between APOE genotype groups E2 (e2e2 and e2e3 genotypes, N = 544), E3 (e3e3 genotypes, N = 2299), and E4 (e3e4 and e4e4 genotypes, N = 702) with metabolite profiles in the five studies and used fixed effect meta-analysis to aggregate the results. Our meta-analysis identified a signature of 19 metabolites that are significantly associated with the E2 genotype group at FDR < 10%. The group includes 10 glycerolipids and 4 glycerophospholipids that were all higher in E2 carriers compared to E3, with fold change ranging from 1.08 to 1.25. The organic acid 6-hydroxyindole sulfate, previously linked to changes in gut microbiome that were reflective of healthy aging and longevity, was also higher in E2 carriers compared to E3 carriers. Three sterol lipids and one sphingolipid species were significantly lower in carriers of the E2 genotype group. For some of these metabolites, the effect of the E2 genotype opposed the age effect. No metabolites reached a statistically significant association with the E4 group. This work confirms and expands previous results connecting the APOE gene to lipid regulation and suggests new links between the e2 allele, lipid metabolism, aging, and the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Zeyuan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dylan Ellis
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qu Tian
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michaela Schwaiger-Haber
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Ethan Stancliffe
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Michael S Lustgarten
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Cong-Hui Yao
- Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shakchhi Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan M Marron
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastasia Gurinovich
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Mengze Li
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Qingyan Xiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
| | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mette Soerensen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Team, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging and Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MB, USA
| | - Marcia Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Zajac DJ, Shaw BC, Braun DJ, Green SJ, Morganti JM, Estus S. Exogenous Short Chain Fatty Acid Effects in APP/PS1 Mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:873549. [PMID: 35860296 PMCID: PMC9289923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.873549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the impact of the gut microbiome on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an area of intense interest. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major microbiota metabolites that have been implicated as a mediator of gut microbiome effects in the brain. Here, we tested the effects of SCFA-treated water vs. saline-treated water on APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice maintained under standard laboratory conditions. Mice were treated with SCFAs from five months of age until ten months of age, when they were evaluated for microbiome profile, impaired spatial memory as evaluated with the radial arm water maze, astrocyte activation as measured by Gfap expression and amyloid burden as assessed by histochemistry and MSD ELISA. We report that SCFA treatment increased alpha-diversity and impacted the gut microbiome profile by increasing, in part, the relative abundance of several bacteria that typically produce SCFAs. However, SCFA treatment did not significantly affect behavior. Similarly, SCFAs did not affect cortical or hippocampal astrocyte activation observed in the APP/PS1 mice. Lastly, although robust levels of soluble and insoluble amyloid were present in the APP/PS1 mice, SCFA treatment had no effect on these indices. Overall, our findings are that SCFA treatment modifies the microbiome in a fashion that may increase further SCFA production. However, SCFA treatment did not alter behavior, astrocyte activation, nor amyloid neuropathology in APP/PS1 mice maintained with a conventional microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J. Zajac
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Benjamin C. Shaw
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David J. Braun
- Department of Neuroscience and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Stefan J. Green
- Genome Research Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joshua M. Morganti
- Department of Neuroscience and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Steven Estus
- Department of Physiology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven Estus,
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